WELCOME TO ANOTHER EXCITING
SESSION IN A PROGRAM CALLED THE
DEMYSTIFYING MEDICINE WHICH
ORIGINATES FROM THE NATIONAL
INSTITUTES OF HEALTH IN
BETHESDA, MARYLAND AND NOW IN
ITS I BELIEVE 22nd YEAR.
SO THE PURPOSE OF THIS PROGRAM
IS TO BRIDGE THE EXCITING
DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGY,
ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER
SCIENCES WITH MEDICINE --
[RECORDING IN PROGRESS ] -- AND
EVEN GLOBAL HEALTH.
THE PROGRAM IS HELD EVERY
TUESDAY AFTERNOON FROM 3 TO 5
EASTERN STANDARD TIME FROM
JANUARY TO THE END OF MAY.
AND YOU CAN WATCH IT BY GOING TO
THE WEBSITE INDICATED ON THE
SLIDE.
YOU'VE BEEN TOLD THAT THE CME
CREDIT FOR THIS PARTICULAR
PROGRAM, THE NUMBER IS 58784.
AND MOST IMPORTANT, WE URGE YOU
TO SUBMIT QUESTIONS USING THE
SEND LIVE FEEDBACK ON YOUR
VIDEOCAST.
NOW I BRING TO YOUR ATTENTION
THE FACT THAT ALL PREVIOUS
SESSIONS FROM THE VERY BEGINNING
OF THIS PROGRAM ARE STORED IN
THE NIH VIDEO ARCHIVE AND COULD
BE ACCESSIBLE AT ANY TIME USING
THE LINK SHOWN ON THE SLIDE.
NOW TODAY'S PROGRAM IS A VERY
SPECIAL 1, CONSISTENT WITH THE
WHOLE PURPOSE OF THIS BRIDGE
BUILDING PROGRAM WHICH IS TO
CONVERT SILOS INTO BRIDGES AND
MUCH OF WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT
SCIENCE TODAY AND IN FACT
ENGINEERING, IT'S LIKE PEOPLE
ARE SPEAKING DIFFERENT LANGUAGES
AND HAVE GREAT DIFFICULTY
COMMUNICATING.
WHAT'S NECESSARY IS TO CONNECT
THESE DISCIPLINES AND THAT'S
WHERE THE BRIDGE COMES IN AND
THE PICTURE IN THE UPPER RIGHT,
THE LOGO FOR THE PROGRAM IS THE
CELEBRATED BROOKLYN BRIDGE.
AND TODAY'S PARTICIPANTS ON THE
CAT WALK ARE 3 INDIVIDUALS INDO
WE WILL INTRODUCE ALL OF THEM IN
A MOMENT.
HOWEVER, IT'S MY PLEASURE TO
INTRODUCE THE MODERATOR AND 1 OF
THE SPEAKERS IN TODAY'S PROGRAM,
FRANCIS COLLINS, WHO I TRUST IS
WELL KNOWN TO ALL OF YOU, IF NOT
TO THE WORLD.
FROM 2009 TO 2021 FRANCIS WAS
THE LONGEST DURATION DIRECTOR OF
THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF
HEALTH AND PLAYED A CRITICAL
ROLE WHICH HE STILL DOES IN
BRINGING ADVANCES IN SCIENCE,
PARTICULARLY IN GENETICS AND IN
INDEPTH STUDIES OF THE BRAIN AND
MANY OTHER AREAS FOR ITS
PROFOUNDLY INFLUENCED SCIENCE
AND HUMAN HEALTH.
SO MOST PEOPLE KNOW FRANCIS AS A
PHYSICIAN SCIENTIST AND AS HEAD
OF THE NIH.
BUT THEY MAY NOT REALIZE THAT HE
IS TRULY A RENAISSANCE MAN WHO
HAS EXTENDED HIS AREAS OF
EXPERTISE AS A SURVEYS PUSH
AUTHOR AND TODAY MUSICIAN EMPLOY
FRANCIS HAS RECEIVED ENUMERABLE
HONORS WHICH I WILL NOT LIST BUT
THEY INCLUDE MEMBERSHIP IN THE
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND
THE PRESIDENTIAL MEDAL FOR
FREEDOM AND THE NATIONAL MEDAL
FOR SCIENCE.
SO IT'S A GREAT PLEASURE TO
INTRODUCE ONCE AGAIN A WONDERFUL
HUMAN BEING AND GREAT LEADER AND
FRIEND, FRANCIS COLLINS WHO WILL
INTRODUCE OUR OTHER 2
PARTICIPANTS IN TODAY'S EVENT.
FRANCIS?
>> WELL, WIN, THANK YOU VERY
MUCH FOR A LOVELY INTRODUCTION
AND THANK YOU FOR 22 YEARS OF
LEADING THIS REMARKABLE PROGRAM
THAT DOES BUILD BRIDGES OF
VARIOUS SORTS, SOMETIMES FROM
BASIC SCIENCE TO CLINICAL
MEDICINE, I THINK WE COULD SAY
TODAY WE'RE TRYING TO BUILD A
BRIDGE BETWEEN SCIENCE AND THE
ARTS.
IN THIS CASE, THE MUSICAL ARTS
AND THIS IS AN AREA THAT SOME OF
US HAVE GOTTEN VERY ENGAGED IN
AND VERY EXCITED ABOUT OVER THE
COURSE OF NOW ABOUT 8 YEARS,
SINCE NIH INITIATED SOMETHING
CALLED THE SOUND HEALTH PROGRAM
AND I WANT TO TELL YOU A LITTLE
BIT ABOUT THAT BACKGROUND BEFORE
I INTRODUCE THE 2 MAIN
PRESENTERS DR. CHARLES LIMB AND
THE REMARKABLE CELLIST JOSHUA
ROM -- ROMAN AND I WILL SHARE Y
SCREEN IN THE HOPES THAT WILL GO
THE WAY IT'S SUPPOSED TO AND
HERE ... AND IN HOPES THAT
SOMEBODY WILL SAY, YEAH THAT
BEING LOAMACYS LIKE IT'S
SUPPOSED TO.
-- THAT LOOKS LIKE IT'S SUPPOSED
TO.
LET ME DO THE FULL SCREEN.
I THOUGHT I WOULD START OUT BY
TELLING YOU THE ORIGIN STORY OF
HOW THIS MUSIC AND HEALTH
SOMETIMES CALL SOUND HEALTH
PROGRAM GOT STARTED AT NIH.
BECAUSE IT'S A VERY INTERESTING
AND REMARKABLE STORY THAT
WOULDN'T HAPPEN MOST ANYWHERE
ELSE.
IT WAS THE LAST WEEK IN JUNE IN
2015.
I WAS INVITED ALONG WITH MY WIFE
DIANE TO A DINNER PARTY AT A
PLACE OUTSIDE OF D. C., DIDN'T
KNOW WHO WAS GOING TO BE THERE
BUT THOUGHT IT WOULD PROBABLY BE
A HIGH LEVEL GROUP BECAUSE THE
PEOPLE WHO HAD DONE A
INVITATIONS HAD A TENDENCY TO DO
THAT AND SHOWED UP ON THIS
LOVELY JUNE EVENING AND DORPHED
OH MY GOODNESS WE HAVE 3 SUPREME
COURT JUSTICES WHO ARE THERE FOR
THIS OCCASION AND IT HAPPENED TO
BE THAT WAS THE WEEK WHERE THE
SUPREME COURT HAD MADE A
DECISION ABOUT WHETHER OR NOT
GAY MARRIAGE WAS GOING TO BE
LEGAL AND LET'S JUST SAY NOT ALL
THE JUSTICES HAD AGREED WITH THE
ULTIMATE DECISION THAT IT WAS
LEGAL, AND COLLECTION OF THE
JUDGES WERE RUTH BADER BEGINS
BERG AND ALSO ANTHONY SCALIA WHO
HAD WRITTEN ABOUT EACH OTHER,
AND AS FAR AS OTHERS THAT MADE
THE 5-4 DECISION THAT CAME OUT
THE WAY IT DID.
SO THINGS WERE A BIT TENSE AND
SOME OF THE WORDS IN THOSE
OPINIONS HAD BEEN REALLY QUITE
STRONG.
THE DINNER WENT FORWARD, IT WAS
A LITTLE UNEASY AND THEN WE WENT
OUTSIDE AFTERWARDS FOR DRINKS
AND A BIT OF ENJOYING THE AIR
AND THERE WAS A BLUEGRASS BAND
THAT HAD BEEN BRUT TO THE
OCCASION THAT WAS LIKE SORT OF
OKAY AND I HAD BEEN ENCOURAGED
BY THE ORGANIZERS TO BRING MY
GUITAR IN CASE I WANTED TO I
DIDN'T EVEN THE BAND SO WHAT THE
HECK, I DECIDED I WOULD AND THEY
WERE SURPRISED THAT I KNOW
BLUEGRASS BUT THAT'S HOW I GREW
UP.
AND THEN IT SEEMED LIKE THAT
MIGHT BE LIGHTENING THINGS A BIT
AND THIS STUNNING WOMAN CAME OUT
OF THE CROWD AND CAME UP AND
SAID MAYBE WE NEED TO SING
SOMETHING, MAYBE THAT WOULD HELP
THE EVENING AND I REALIZED, OH
MY GOSH, I'VE NEVER MET THIS
PERSON BEFORE BUT THIS IS RENE
FLEMMING, THE NOTABLE SOPRANO OF
OUR ERA AND I THOUGHT WELL THAT
SOUNDS GOOD BUT WHAT IN THE
WORLD WOULD RENE FLEMING AND A
BLUEGRASS BAND KNOW TOGETHER IN
IS SHE GOING TO EXEC US TO DID
PUCCINI?
I NEED NOT HAVE WORRIED.
RENE FLEMMING HAS THE MOST
REMARKABLE ABILITY TO DO ALMOST
ANYTHING MUSIC AND SHE HAD QUITE
A REPERTORY OF FOLK SONGS WHICH
WAS SOMETHING I KNEW A LOT OF
AND PRETTY SOON WE WERE SINGING
DUETS AND SOMETHING HAPPENED.
THE PEOPLE WHO WERE LOOKING KIND
OF TENSE, KIND OF DROPPED THAT
TENSION FROM THEIR PARTICULAR
APPEARANCE.
SCALIA WHO HAD BEEN GRUMPY THE
WHOLE TIME STARTED PUFFING ON
HIS CIGAR AND LIFTING UP HIS
GLASS OF BRANDY AFTER EACH SONG
AND BEGINNING TO SAY THINGS LIKE
RENE FLEMMING YOU WASTED YOUR
TIME IN OPERA, YOU SHOULD HAVE
DONE THIS IN FOLK MUSIC ALL
ALONG.
WE GOT THEM TO SING.
WE SANG COUNTRY ROADS OR
SHENANDOAH OR 1 OF THOSE THINGS
AND BY THE WAY SCALIA IN
ADDITION TO SAYING FLEMMING
MISSED HER CALLING AND THAT
PROBABLY COLLINS SHOULD KEEP HIS
JOB AT NIH, OH WELL, HE'S
PROBABLY RIGHT.
I COULDN'T HELP IT THOUGH, I WAS
A BIT MISCHIEFIOUS AT THAT POINT
AND THERE WAS TIME FOR 1 MORE
SING AND WHAT SEEMED TO BE THE
RIGHT 1 FOR THE EQUATION, AND
THE BOB DYLAN ANTHEM TIMES THEY
ARE ACHANGING AND SCALIA GOT THE
JOKE AND LIFTED HIS GLASS AND
THAT WAS A SNAPSHOT HOW MUSIC IN
A PARTICULAR SETTING CAN CHANGE
THE WHOLE DYNAMIC, WE ARE WIRED
FOR MUSIC.
EVOLUTION HAS PLAYED SOME ROLE
IN OUR BRAIN TO MAKE MUSIC
IMPORTANT TO OUR SURVIVAL
TOGETHER AS A GROUP AND
INDIVIDUALLY AND WE CAN FIGURE
OUT WAYS TO USE THAT FOR HEALTH
AS WELL, SO AFTER THAT
CONVERSATION, RENE FLEMMING AND
I GOT TOGETHER AND TALKED ABOUT
WAS THERE A WAY TO DO SOMETHING
MORE HERE TO ARE A MORE
SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO BRINGING
TOGETHER MUSIC AND MEDICINE OR
MUSIC AND HEALTH.
AND WE HAD THE CHANCE TO MAKE A
PLAN AND TO TALK ABOUT IT IN
VARIOUS SETTINGS AND EVEN TO
SING ABOUT IT, THIS PARTICULAR
INSTANCE AT THE NPR STUDIOS OR
IN ALL THINGS CONSIDERED
PROGRAM, BUT MORE IMPORTANTLY,
WE FOUND THERE WAS A HUGE AMOUNT
OF INTEREST ACROSS NIH IN THIS
AND STARTED A WHOLE PROGRAM WITH
AN INITIAL WORKSHOP IN JANUARY
OF 2017, 25 RESEARCHERS, FROM
ALL OVER THE PLACE, AND OUT OF
THAT BUILT A WHOLE PLAN OF WHAT
WE WOULD DO.
WE HAD WONDERFUL PARTNERS IN THE
KENNEDY CENTER, THE NATIONAL
ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS AND YOU
CAN GO BACK AND READ THIS
ARTICLE IN NEURON WHICH
BASICALLY LAID OUT WHAT SHOULD
BE THE AGENDA OR A BOLD NEW
PROGRAM ON HOW MUSIC AND
NEUROSCIENCE AND MEDICINE CAN
ALL GET TOGETHER AND LEARN FROM
EACH OTHER AND TAKE THE FIELD OF
MUSIC THERAPY WHICH HAS BEEN A
STRONG AREA FOR A LONG TIME AND
CARRY IT EVEN FURTHER INTO A
PLACE OF FINDING ASSISTANCE FOR
PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC PAIN, OR
CHILDREN WITH AUTISM OR ADULTS
WHO ARE SUFFERING FROM DEMENTIA
OR PEOPLE WHO HAVE PTSD, ALL
THOSE AREAS WHERE WE KNOW THAT
THERE CAN BE BENEFITS HERE,
COULD WE DO IT MORE EFFECTIVELY,
SO WE FORMED A TRANSNIH MUSIC
AND HEALTH WORKING GROUP BACK IN
2017, 20 NIH INSTITUTES, CENTERS
AND OFFICES HAVE BEEN PART OF
THIS, YOU CAN SEE THE NAME OF
THE CO CHAIRS AT THE MOMENT.
EVELYN EDWARDS HAVE LED THIS
EFFORT AND WE'VE DONE A LOT OF
INVESTING IN THE COURSE OF THOSE
YEARS.
THIS IS PROBABLY ABOUT A YEAR
OUT OF DATE.
A LITTLE OVER $35 MILLION WORTH
OF ADDITIONAL RESEARCH ON HOW
MUSIC CAN IN FACT BE THERAPEUTIC
WITH ABOUT 32 PROJECTS AND
MULTIPLE DIFFERENT NIH
INSTITUTES INVOLVED IN THAT.
IT'S BEEN FANTASTIC AND IT'S
ALSO BEEN FUN CONNECTING UP WITH
MUSICIANS AND PERFORMS THAT
ARE INTERESTED IN HOW THEIR
SKILLS AND ART CAN REACH OUT AND
HELP PEOPLE SUFFERING WHO CAN
BENEFIT FROM THEIR MUSIC AND
HAVE IT BE AN THERAPEUTIC
INTERVENTION.
AND SOME OF THAT HAS LED TO
GATHERING AND WHICH ARE PARTLY
TEACH-INS AND PARTLY PERFORMANCE
ON THE MOMENTS AND HERE'S 1 AT
THE STAGE AT THE KENNEDY CENTER
WITH THE BUNCH OF US GETTING
TOGETHER TO DO A LOT OF
DISCUSSION ABOUT WHAT WE'RE
LEARNING AND ABOUT HOW MUSIC
INTERSECTS WITH THE BRAIN, BUT
ALSO JUST TO HAVE A GOOD TIME
BEING PART OF THINGS TOGETHER,
YOU WILL SEE RENE FLEMMING OVER
THERE IN THE RED DRESS, THERE
ARE OTHER PEOPLE HERE, I THINK
THAT'S OUR SPEAKER CHARLES LIMB
PLAYING THE SACK PHONE AND
PROBABLY MAYING THE GUITAR AND
THEN ALSO BEHIND ME IS
SANJAY GUP TA PLAYING, AND SO
SOUND HEALTH HAS TURNED OUT TO
BE THIS WONDERFUL CREATIVE PLACE
FOR LOTS OF PEOPLE TO GET
ENGAGED.
SOME OF THE THINGS THAT RESEARCH
HAVE TURNED UP WITH ARE PRETTY
AMAZING, FOR INSTANCE IN THE
BASIC SCIENCE ARENA, IT TURNS
OUT YOU HAVE CIRCUITS IN YOUR
BRAIN THAT RESPOND TO PARTICULAR
ASPECTS OF MUSIC, A CIRCUIT THAT
ACTUALLY RESPONDS TO PITCH, WAS
THAT A HIGH OR LOW NOTE.
A CIRCUIT RESPONDS TO THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PREVIOUS
NOTE AND THAT NOTE, SO WHAT WAS
THE INTERVAL AND 1 THAT
SURPRISED ME BUT WHICH IS MAYBE
THE MOST INTERESTING OF ALL IS A
CIRCUIT THAT PREDICTS WHAT THE
NEXT NOTE IS GOING TO BE.
YOUR BRAIN IS ALREADY FIGURED
OUT WHAT A PARTICULAR MELODY
SEEMS TO BE DOING AND HAS BEFORE
YOU GET TO THAT NEXT NOTE, AN
IDEA WHAT IT WILL BE AND IF IT
TURNS OUT IT'S NOT THAT NOTE,
THAT KIND OF GIVES YOU A YOALT
AND MAYBE YOU LIKE IT OR MAYBE
YOU DON'T BUT IT'S NOT JUST OH
WELL, YOUR BRAIN IS VERY TUNED
IN IF YOU PARDON THE PUN TO THIS
OPPORTUNITY FOR MUSIC TO HAVE
SPECIAL IMPACT ON IT AND YOU
KNOW IT'S TIGHTLY CONNECTED
THROUGH EMOTIONAL CENTER AND HAS
ALL KINDS OF TIEWPT THERE THAT
CONVEY A SENSE OF PEACE AND
HEALING WHEN YOU NEED IT.
OTHER THINGS WE'VE LEARNED,
PEOPLE HAVE HAD STROKES THAT
AFFECT THE PART OF THE BRAIN
WHERE YOU CAN'T SPEAK, TERRIBLY
FRUSTRATING THING CALLED BROKEUS
AFACKIA, AND SOMETIMES IF YOU
HELP THEM SIMPLY TRYING TO SING
HAPPY BERTH DAY THEY FIND THEY
CAN DO IT, THERE'S A WHOLE CHOIR
OF PEOPLE WHO CALL DIFFERENT
STROKES WHO HAVE HAD STROKES AND
WHO ARE NOW PERFORMING IN A
CHOIR BECAUSE IT'S A DIFFERENT
CIRCUIT THAT CAN BRING YOU THIS
KIND OF BENEFIT.
WE RIGHT NOW HAVE 2 MAJOR
MULTIPLE PROJECT COMPONENT
COLLABORATIONS ON BOTH CHRONIC
PAIN WHERE MUSIC CAN BE A GREAT
BENEFIT BUT WE NEED TO
UNDERSTAND BETTER HOW THAT
WORKS.
AND ON DEMENTIA WHERE MUSIC CAN
BRING OUT OF PEOPLE SOMETHING
THAT'S BEEN LOCKED IN,
REMEMBERING THAT PARTICULAR KIND
OF TUNE THAT BRINGS FORWARD NOT
JUST THAT KIND OF TUNE BUT OTHER
THINGS AROUND IT AND COMING
FORTH WITH MEMORIES THAT HAVE
OTHERWISE BEEN LOST.
POWERFUL AND EXCITING THINGS TO
SEE, ESPECIALLY IN THIS
COLLABORATIVE ARRANGEMENT.
SO WE THOUGHT IT WOULD BE FUN,
THOSE OF US WORKING ON THIS, AND
WIN ARIAS EXTENDED THE GRACIOUS
INVITATION TO BRING THIS TO
DEMYSTIFYING MEDICINE AS A WAY
OF FURTHER EMPHASIZING THE
BRIDGE BUILDING THAT PROGRAM
AIMS TO TRY TO REPRESENT AND I'M
HONORED TO BE YOUR MODERATOR AND
TO HAVE THE CHANCE NOW TO
INTRODUCE YOUR 2 SPEAKERS.
FIRST OF ALL CHARLES LIM IS THE
PROFESS ONOR OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY
AND PHYSICIAN AND ALSO A JAZZ
MUSICIAN AND HE HAS DONE A LOT
OF RESEARCH WHICH HE MAY HELL
YOU ABOUT IN TERMS OF WHAT
HAPPENS IN THE BRAIN
PARTICULARLY FOR JAZZ MUSICIANS
THAT ARE IMPROVISING.
TURNS OUT THAT'S THE WAY, IF YOU
REALLY WANT YOUR BRAIN TO WORK,
COMPLETELY, ALL OF THOSE PLACES
IN THE BRAIN THAT MIGHT
OTHERWISE BE A LITTLE ON THE
QUIET SIDE, IMPROVISATION WILL
LIGHT IT UP.
HE ALSO WORKS ON COCHLEAR
IMPLANTS AND HAS DONE WORK THERE
ALSO ABOUT WHAT MUSIC PERCEPTION
IS LIKE.
SO WE'RE REALLY FORTUNATE TO
HAVE CHARLES LIMB TRAINED AT
HARVARD, YALE, HOPKINS AND FOR A
WHILE AT NIH WHO WILL TELL YOU
HIS STORY WHICH WILL BE MUSIC
FROM THE EAR TO THE BRAIN.
THEN AFTER HE SPEAKS, FOR
ROUGHLY 20 MINUTES OR SO, WE
WILL HAVE OUR SECOND PRESENTER
AND THAT IS THE REMARKABLE
CELLIST JOSHUA ROMAN WHO STARTED
PLAYING CELLO AT AGE 3 AND HE IS
1 OF THE LEADING VIRTUEOSE OS
WITH THIS INSTRUMENT, ALSO A
COMPOSER, PLAYING MANY
INSTRUMENTS AND MAYBE GET A
CHANCE TO SAMPLE A BIT OF THAT.
ACCORDING TO THE NEW YORK TIMES
HE'S HAILED FOR HIS EFFORTLY
EXPRESSIVE TONE IS HIS PLAYFUL
SWRET FOR EXPLORATION AND YOU
MAY GET A CHANCE TO EXPERIENCE
SOME OF THAT, TOO.
HE HOWEVER, HAS A SPECIAL
CONNECTION NOW TO HEALTH THAT HE
WOULD NOT HAVE SIGNED UP, BUT
WHICH HE HAS MADE A LOT OF IN
TERMS OF BENEFITING OTHERS AND
THAT IS THAT IN THE EARLY DAYS
OF COVID, HE WAS AFFECTED WITH
THAT VIRUS AND THEN PARTICULARLY
STRICKEN WITH A LONG VERSION OF
COVID FOR WHICH HE SUFFERS
ALTHOUGH HE'S WORKED REALLY HARD
BIT BY BIT BACK TO BEING A
PERFORMER AS YOU WILL HEAR TODAY
AND HE HAS TAKEN THAT EXPERIENCE
AND SHARED HIS OWN OF DEALING
WITH IT AND PARTICULARLY HOW
MUSIC DEALT WITH IT AS OTHERS
HAVE WITH THIS VERY COMMON
CONDITION AND I THINK YOU WILL
BE QUITE TOUCHED BY THAT.
HE WILL SPEAK TO YOU AND HE WILL
PLAY HIS CELLO IN VARIOUS PARTS
AND I WANT TO SAY RIGHT NOW BY
ALL MEANS DO NOT THINK ABOUT
SIGNING OFF TO THIS EVENT FOR
THE END.
WE WILL NOT GO FOR THE WHOLE 2
HOURS, WE WILL GO TO 4:30
EASTERN TIME BUT THERE WILL BE A
GRAND FINALE AT THE END OF IT
REGARDING JOSHUA, I THINK YOU
MAY WANT TO BE.
DON'T ZOOM OFF BEFORE THAT.
YOU MAY WANT TO HEAR THAT.
AND FINALLY WE GO TO CHARLES,
THAT CME NUMBER IS 58784 AND
ALSO GO AHEAD AND START PUTTING
IN QUESTIONS BECAUSE WE WILL
HAVE TIME FOR THAT.
YOU CAN SEE IN THE LOWER LEFT OF
YOUR SCREEN, SAYS SEND LIVE
FEEDBACK, THAT'S HOW YOU GET
THEM IN AND I WILL SIFT THROUGH
THEM AND PROPOSE THEM TO THEM
WHEN WE GET TO THAT POINT.
I DO THINK THIS IS A PRETTY
UNIQUE PROGRAM THAT YOU HAVE A
HEARD TIME FINDING ANYWHERE
ANYMORE ELSE.
SO WITH THAT PLEASE LET ME TURN
IT OVER TO THE REMARKABLE
PHYSICIAN ENT PHYSICIAN,
RESEARCHER DR. CHARLES LIMB.
>> THANK YOU WIN, FRANCIS AND
JOSH, IT'S AN HONOR TO SPEND IT
WITH YOU AND FRANCIS, THE ENTIRE
WORLD IS INDEBTED TO YOUR
EFFORTS AND I HAVE TO SAY FOR
MYSELF, THIS WAS A FIELD THAT I
HAD BEEN STRUGGLING FOR
VALIDATION, STRUGGLING FOR
FUNDING, STRUGGLING FOR SUPPORT
FROM THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY
AND WITH YOUR SUPPORT THAT
REALLY PUSHED US OVER THE TOP SO
I'M SUPER, VIEWRP GRATEFUL FOR
ALL YOUR EFFORTS, BECAUSE THIS
WAS A SESSION ABOUT BUILDING
BRIDGES, I THOUGHT IT WOULD BE
GOOD TO TALK ABOUT MY PATHWAY
AND HOW I BECAME TO DO WHAT I DO
AND THINK ABOUT THE THINGS THAT
I THINK ABOUT AND SO, FRANCIS
MENTIONED THAT I'M A SURGEON AND
ALSO SHOWED A PHOTO OF ME ON
SAXOPHONE.
SO MY STORY IS SIMPLE.
WHEN I WAS CHILD, I REALIZED I
WAS OBSESSED WITH MUSIC, IT WAS
1 OF THE NEW THINGS I KEPT
THINKING ABOUT OVER AND OVER
AGAIN, IT WAS JUST SOMETHING I
ENJOYED BUT ALSO MAKING ME
THINK, ALSO MAKING ME FEEL, BUT
ALSO SO I THINK MAKING ME VIEW
LIFE IN A DIFFERENT WAY, MEANING
THAT IT WAS GIVING ME INSIGHT
INTOS WHAT IT MEANT TO BE HUMAN
AND WHAT IT MENTORSHIP SKILL TO
BE GROWING AND LEARNING THINGS
AND PARTICULARLY WHEN I WAS A
TEENAGER, I REALLY FELT VERY
CLEARLY THAT I WAS READING A
LOT, I WAS TALKING TO A LOT OF
PEOPLE, BUT THE THING THAT WAS
ALWAYS THE BEST TEACHER FOR ME
WAS ALWAYS MUSIC.
I DEPARTMENT HAVE A GOOD
EXPLANATION FOR IT BUT I WAS
ALWAYS DRAWN TO SOUND.
IT WAS LIKE THE WORLD HAD A
SOUND, BEING ALIVE HAD A SOUND
TO IT, OR FEELING AND EMOTION
HAD A SOUND TO IT MORE THAN IT
HAD WORDS TO IT, MORE THAN IT
HAD IMAGERY TO IT, EVEN THOUGH
THOSE THINGS WERE IMPORTANT FOR
ME, SO AS I WAS KIND OF THINKING
ABOUT WHAT IT MEANT TO BE QUIEND
--
MEANT TO BE AN INTACT PERSON I
FELT LIKE I HAD TO GO BACK TO
SOWBD AND I WAS LEARNING TO PLAY
INSTRUMENTSA THE TIME, I WAS A
PIANIST, SAXOPHONIST AND I WAS A
DESCENT MUSICIAN FOR A HIGH
SCHOOL STUDENT, AT NO POINT I
DID HAVE THE CONVICTION THAT I
THINK 1 NEEDS TO BECOME AN
ARTIST AND I THINK ARTISTS ARE
IN MANY WAYS THE BRAVEST IN THE
WORLD BECAUSE IT TAKES A TON OF
CONVECTION TO BELIEVE IN
YOURSELF ARTISTICALLY AND
BELIEVE IN YOURSELF SO MUCH THAT
YOU WILL SPEND YOUR ENTIRE LIFE
WORKING ON YOUR CRAFT AND
BRINGING IT TO THE WORLD.
THAT'S SOMETHING I DREAMED AND
WISH THAT I COULD REALLY COULD
HAVE DONE BUT FOR SOME REASON,
AND I DON'T KNOW HOW TO EXPLAIN
THIS OTHER THAN I LACK THE
CONVICTION.
I FELT THAT THAT WAS NOT MY
FUTURE AND SO I ALWAYS RETURN
BACK TO SOUND AND WHEN I LEARN
IN MEDICINE THAT THERE WAS A WAY
TO STUDY HEARING, IT KIND OF
BECAME MY NATURAL CALLING, I
BECAME AN ONTOLOGIST WHICH IS AN
EAR SPECIALIST AND THEN SURGEON
FOCUSING ON THINGS PERTAINING TO
THE EAR AND BRAIN.
AND I WILL JUST SHOW SOME SLIDES
HERE.
SO WHEN PEOPLE THINK ABOUT HOW
YOU HEAR SOUND, YOU MAY THINK
ABOUT IN THIS KIND OF ABSTRACT
SENSE BUT I WILL ENCOURAGE YOU
TO THINK ABOUT IT, THE WAY I
THINK ABOUT WHICH IS FOR A FEW
MINUTES HERE LOOKING AT THIS
DRAWING.
THIS IS A REMARKABLE DRAWING BY
MAX OF THE TEMPORAL BONE AND
THIS SHOWS THE ANATOMY OF THE
PERIPHERAL AUDITORY SYSTEM, SO
WHEN YOU HEAR ANYTHING IT SYSTEM
ALLOWS ANYTHING TO KICK INTO
GEAR, WHICH IS SOUND, VIBRATION
IN THE EAR TO BE COLLECTED BY
YOUR EAR DRUM AND THEN GET
FUNNELED DOWN AND SENT INTO THE
INNER EAR OR THE COCHLEA WHERE
THESE FLUID WAVES SEND
ELECTRICITY, NOT ACOUSTICS,
ELECTRICITY DOWN INTO YOUR
AUDITORY NERVE AND YOUR BRAIN
STEM THIS, IS THE PROCESS BY
WHICH YOU ARE ABLE TO HEAR AND
THE THING I LOVE ABOUT THIS IDEA
IS THAT THE EXPERIENCE OF
LISTENING TO MUSIC IS PROFOUND,
IT'S EXHILARATING, IT'S
UPLIFTING, PAINFUL, MANY, MANY
THINGS ALL WRAPPED TOGETHER BUT
IT'S ALSO DEEPLY ROOTED IN
BIOLOGY AND SO FOR ME AS A
SURGEON, FOR ME AS A SCIENTIST,
I CANNOT GET OVER THE FACT THAT
THERE'S A DISCREET NEUROBIOLOGY
THAT GIVES RISE TO ALL OF THESE
HUMAN EXPERIENCES.
AND IN SOME WAYS IT'S THE MOST
PROFOUND THING FOR ME TO THINK
ABOUT WHICH IS THAT IT'S OUR
PHYSICAL BODIES THAT ENABLE THIS
ENTIRE LIFE OF EMOTIONALITY AND
CONSCIOUSNESS AND MUSICAL
FROM--INTEGRATION FUNDITY, AND
SO I'VE ALWAYS GONE BACK TO THIS
IDEA THAT OUR HEALTH, OUR
HAPPINESS IS TIED VERY DEEPLY TO
THE FUNCTIONING OF OUR BODY
SYSTEMS, AND SO, A LOT OF WHAT I
WORKED ON IS ACTUALLY HOW TO
UNDERSTAND OR TO IMPROVE THE
SYSTEMS WHEN THEY'RE -- IF
THEY'RE WORKING EXTREMELY WELL
OR WHEN THEY'RE FAILING, NOW
WITH THAT KIND OF BACK DROP IN
MIND, I WANT YOU TO THINK ABOUT
THIS IDEA THAT MUSIC IS
RECONSTRUCTED VIBRATIONS
CONVERTED INTO ELECTRICITY IN
OUR BRAIN AND LET'S LISTEN TO A
LITTLE MUSIC TOGETHER.
[OPERA MUSIC PLAYING ] SO
HOPEFULLY I KNOW YOU HEARD THAT
MANY, MANY TIMES, COUNTLESS
TIMES BUT MAYBE NOW IT SEEMS
DIFFERENT TO YOU WHEN YOU THINK
OF IT AS A BYPRODUCT OF THESE
VIBRATIONS HAPPENING IN YOUR
MIDDLE EAR SPACE AND FLUID WAVES
IN YOUR INNER EAR AND SYNAPTIC
CONNECTIONS IN YOU'REONS AND
BRAIN STEM AND RECONSTRUCTING IT
ALL INTO AN EXPERIENCE THAT IS
REMARKABLE AND ALL THE MORE SO
WHEN WE ACKNOWLEDGE THAT
BEETHOVEN WAS PROFOUNDLY DEAF
WHEN HE WROTE THAT PIECE OF
MUSIC, SO IT WAS THAT KIND OF
FEELING I WANTED IN MY WORK.
UNFORTUNATELY WHEN I WOUND UP IN
OTOLAIRIN GOLG THIS, IS MORE
WHAT I HEARD MORE OF.
SO BLIPS AND BLEEPS WAS THE
SUBSTANCE OF MY FIELD AND THE
PURE TONE A SIGN WAVE, IT'S A
VERY IMPORTANT THING ESPECIALLY
A SCIENTIST ON THE PROBE,
AUDITORY SYSTEM AND HOW WE
DETERMINE THINGS LIKE PITCH AND
MELODY AND ET CETERA, ET CETERA,
ET CETERA AND FOR ME IT WAS
DEEPLY FRUSTRATING AND I FOUND
THAT I HAD TO KIND OF, IN A WAY
START FROM SCRATCH TO REALIZE
THAT ALTHOUGH WE KNEW A LOT
ABOUT HEARING, WE DIDN'T KNOW
THAT MUCH ABOUT HOW HEARING
LEADS TO MUSIC, AND SO MOST OF
MY WORK WAS THEN GEARING TOWARDS
THAT PHENOMENA.
NOW I WANT TO SWITCH GEARS HERE
AND SHOW YOU A VIDEO OF A GIRL.
THIS IS A GIRL WITH HER MOTHER.
>> OWL.
OWL.
YEAH.
OWL.
YEAH.
BABY.
>> BABY.
>> SO THIS IS AN AMAZING FAMILY,
THIS MOTHER'S DOING EVERYTHING
SHE CAN TO ENRICH HER DAUGHTER'S
LIFE AND SOME OF YOU MAY HAVE
FIGURED OUT THAT THIS GIRL IS
PROFOUNDLY HEARING IMPAIRED, SHE
WAS BORN DEAF AND SHE CANNOT
REALLY HEAR ANYTHING AND DESPITE
THE MOTHER'S BEST EFFORTS SHE'S
NOT GETTING AUDITORY
INFORMATION.
SO THERE A LOT OF DIFFERENT WAYS
TO TREAT HEARING LOSS.
WE CERTAINLY IMPROVED IN OUR
METHODS, IN THE 1800S YOU CAN
SEE WHERE WE WERE AT, WE WERE
USING THINGS LIKE FUNNELS AND
EAR SHAPED OBJECTS AND THEN
HUNDREDS OF YEARS LATER WE HAVE
THE MODERN MULTICHANNEL COCHLEAR
IMPLANT WHICH IS DEVICES THAT
CAN STIMULATE THE AUDITORY NERVE
AND BYPASS THE NERVE IN CASE OF
DEAFNESS.
SO THIS FAMILY ELECTED TO
UNDERGO A COCHLEAR IMPLANT BY MY
MENTOR, AND YOU WILL HEAR A
VIDEO OF THIS CHILD NOW ABOUT A
DECADE LATER.
AND SO THIS IS MY SURGICAL TEAM
PERFORMING A COCHLEAR IMPLANT
AND HERE IS THIS GIRL NOW ABOUT
A DECADE LATER AND YOU WILL HEAR
HER SPEAK.
>> SO YOU'VE WRITTEN 2 BOOKS.
>> I HAVE WRITTEN 2 BOOKS.
>> WAS THE OTHER A BOOK OR A
JOURNAL ENTRY.
>> THE OTHER 1 WAS A BOOK NOH,
OKAY.
>> WELL THIS BOOK HAS 7 CHAPTERS
AND THE LAST CHAPTER IS
ENTITLED: THE GOOD THINGS ABOUT
BEING DEAF.
DO REMEMBER WRITING THAT
CHAPTER.
>> S I DO, I REMEMBER WRITING
EVERY CHAPTER.
WELL SOMETIMES MY RESEARCH CAN
BE KIND OF ANNOYING SO IT COMES
IN HAND TOW NOT BE ANNOYED BY
HER.
>> AND WHO IS THAT?
>> COLLIE.
>> HER SISTER.
>> MY SISTER.
>> AND HOW CAN YOU AVOID BEING
ANNOYED BY HER?
>> I TAKE IT OFF AND I DON'T
HEAR ANYTHING, SO IT'S PRETTY --
IT COMES IN HANDY.
>> SO YOU DON'T WANT TO HEAR
EVERYTHING THAT'S OUT THERE.
>> NO.
>> SO THIS GIRL IS AMAZING.
SHE'S A FANTASTIC COCHLEAR
IMPLANT USER, IF YOU MET HER ON
THE STREET AND CHAT WITH HER,
YOU WOULD NOT KNOW SHE'S DEAF
BUT SHE'S IN FACT DEAF AND ONLY
ABLE TO HEAR YOU THROUGH THE USE
OF THESE PROSTHESIS, WHICH
AMAZING WELL IN MOST CASES FOR
SPEECH, HOWEVER, SOMETHING
HAPPENS WHEN THE SIGNAL IS NOT
SPEECH AND PARTICULARLY WHEN
IT'S MUSIC.
COCHLEAR IMPLANT USERS AS A
GENERAL RULE REALLY STRUGGLE
WITH MUSIC.
AND THIS GETS TO THE POINT THAT
A COCHLEAR IMPLANT WAS NEVER
DESIGNED TO HANDLE OR PROCESS
THE COMPLEX SOUNDS THAT SAY A
PIANO CAN MAKE.
SPEECH IS A MUCH MORE REDUNDANT
SIGNAL THAN MUSIC AND IN MANY
WAYS, THESE ARE THINGS TO GET
RIGHT WHICH IS WHY WE CAN HAVE A
CONVERSATION ON A TELEPHONE VERY
COMFORTABLY AND HAVE NO LOSS OF
COGNITION OF WHAT JUST TOOK
PLACE IN THAT CONVERSATION BUT
WHO'S GOING TO GO HERE A CONCERT
THROUGH A TELEPHONE IN THE
EXPERIENCE IS JUST A FRACTION OF
WHAT IT SHOULD BE AND THE CASE
OF THE COCHLEAR IMPLANT, AND NOT
NEAR WHAT A TELEPHONE WILL BE
DOING.
NOW IN THE CASE OF A COCHLEAR
IMPLANT WE HAVE ESSENTIALLY A
PRETTY CRUDE SYSTEM WHEN IT
COMES TO MUSIC TRYING TO GIVE
ALL OF THIS INFORMATION TO
SOMEBODY AND I LIKEN IT AS MUSIC
IS THE PINNACLE OF SOUND, IT'S
THE HIGHEST VERSION OF HEARING
AND IMAGINE TRYING TO TASTE THE
WORLD'S MOST DELICIOUS MEAL WITH
A VERY CRUDE TONGUE TASTE
SIMULATOR.
THE IDEA YOU COULD REALLY
RECREATE THE FULL EXPERIENCE OF
THAT MEAL IS VERY, VERY SLIM AND
SO WE SEE THAT WITH MUSIC WE'RE
NOT GETTING THERE.
NOW THIS IS PROBABLY A BETTER
VIEW OF WHAT IT ACTUALLY SOUNDS
LIKE FOR COCHLEAR IMPLANT USER
BUT MAYBE NOT EVEN THIS GOOD
BECAUSE AT LEAST HERE ALL THE
KEYS OR MOSTLY THERE THAT YOU
DON'T HAVE KEY TAC GO IN THE
WRONG DIRECTION MEANING AS YOU
GO HIGHER ON THE KEYBOARD THE
SOUNDS ARE GOING LOWER IN PITCH
AND YOU DON'T HAVE SOUNDS HERE
WITH PIANO KEYS THAT ARE WIDE
FOR EXAMPLE, THERE CAN BE
SEVERAL NOTES FOR A COCHLEAR
IMPLANT USER YOU HIT THE PITCH
IS THE SAME AS D OR E OR F.
AND SO THIS IS A VISUAL WAY TO
REPRESENT THE FACT THAT PITCH
DISTORTION IS A WAY TO
UNDERSTAND A LOT OF MUSIC FOR
COCHLEAR IMPLANT USERS.
THIS IS THE SIMPLE WAY TO LOOK
AT SOUND DYNAMICS AND FREQUENCY
RANGES IS THE PURPOSE OF THIS IS
TO SUGGIEST THAT LANGUAGE IS A
SIMPLER ACOUSTIC STIMULUS,
MUSIC, ALMOST ANY SOUND CAN BE
USED IN MUSIC AND YOU CAN USE
ENVIRONMENTAL SOUNDS, NATURE
SOUNDS, NONSENSE SOUNDS, ALL
TYPES OF ACOUSTIC INFORMATION
CAN BE USED MUSICALLY AND THIS
IS WHY THE COCHLEAR IMPLANT
STRUGGLES IS BECAUSE IT HAS
DYNAMICS IN THE FREQUENCY RANGE.
NOW WE'VE DONE A LOT OF LAB OVER
THE YEARS TO UNDERSTAND THE
LIMITATIONS OF COCHLEAR IMPLANT
MEDIATED MUSIC PERCEPTION AND
HAD IS A SIMPLE SCHEMATIC
BREAKING DOWN USING IT IN ITS
VARIOUS COMPONENTS AND YOU CAN
SPEND A LIFETIME IN EACH OF
THESE COMPONENTS AS THE FIELD OF
RESEARCH EACH FOR THE THINGS
THAT ARE INTACT BECAUSE THEY'RE
ONLY INTACT WHEN WE LOOK AT VERY
BASIC SYSTEMS AND BASIC STIMULI.
NOW IF YOU THINK THAT THE
OVERALL PURPOSE OF MUSIC IS TO
PROVIDE A SENSE OF EMOTION AND
THAT'S DEBATABLE BUT AT LEAST
THAT'S 1 CORE FUNDAMENTAL ASPECT
OF MUSIC.
YOU HAVE TO UNDERSTAND THAT EACH
OF THESE COMPONENTS CONTRIBUTES
IN SOME FUNDAMENTAL WAY TO THAT
OUTPUT, AND SO THAT END RESULT,
IF YOU GO THROUGH THEM 1 BY 1,
PARTICULARLY IF YOU LOOK AT THE
PITCH, ALL THE THINGS THAT ARE
IN RED ON THIS DIAGRAM ARE
BASICALLY OFF OR NOT POSSIBLE IN
COCHLEAR IMPLANT USERS.
THERE ARE SOME THINGS THAT ARE
PRETTY GOOD LIKE RHYTHM IS NOT
BAD BECAUSE TIMING INFORMATION
IS BASICALLY INTACT AND THAT'S
BASIC TIMING.
WHEN YOU GET INTO POLYRHYTHMS
AND THINGS WHERE YOU'RE MIXING
RHYTHMS WITH TAMBERS I THINK
IT'S A MUCH MORE COMPLICATED
ISSUE.
BUT YOU CAN SEE HOW COCHLEAR
IMPLANT IS BADLY OUT OF TUNE AND
AS A RESULT OF THAT ALL THE
THINGS THAT COME UP FROM MELODY
AND HARMONY ARE ESSENTIA WILY
DISTORTED OR LOST AND THEN
TAMBER WHICH IS AN ABILITY TO
IDENTIFY SOUND FOR MUSIC IS ALSO
VERY, VERY CHALLENGING LEADING
TO POOR SOUND QUALITY, LIMITED
SENSE OF IF YOU DISCIPLINARY AM
NAIC RANGE OF MUSIC AND REDUCED
SENSE OF EMOTIONAL REWARD WHEN
YOU'RE LISTENING TO MUSIC EMPLOY
SO THERE ARE SOME COCHLEAR
IMPLANT USERS THAT DON'T LIKE TO
LISTEN TO MUSIC BECAUSE IT
DOESN'T SOUND GOOD TO THEM.
SO IN THE CASE OF MUSIC IF IT
DOESN'T SOUND GOOD, WHAT'S THE
POINT.
SO THIS IS A CLUE TO US IN THE
FIELD OF HEARING RESTORATION AND
HEARING LOSS TREATMENT WE HAVE A
LONG WAY TO GO.
SO WE'RE DOING FAIRLY WELL IN
THE SENSE THAT WE HAVE A
PROSTHESIS SURGEICALLY THAT CAN
STILL RESTORE HEARING FUNCTION
THAT'S A GREAT ACCOMPLISHMENT
WITH THE MODERN MIRACLES OF
MEDICINE, BUT IN TERMS OF
PERFECT HEARING RESTORATION
WHICH IS WHAT I STRIVE FOR AS A
SURGEON, WE ARE A LONG WAY TO
GO.
THERE'S NO OTHER WAY TO PUT IT,
WE'RE JUST AT THE BEGINNING AND
IT'S GREAT TO SEE THAT.
WE ARE IN A TIME WHETHER IT'S SO
MANY DIFFERENT MINDS AND EFFORTS
AND ANGLINGS TOWARDS THIS GREAT
COMPLEX MULTIFACETED PROBLEM,
NOW, YEARS OF LOOKING AT THE EAR
AND WONDERING ABOUT MUSIC, LED
MOO TO BE ULTIMATELY FRUSTRATED
BECAUSE I STARTED TO REALIZE
THAT YOU CANNOT UNDERSTAND MUSIC
BY STARING AT THE EAR DRUM.
IT'S LIKE TRYING TO UNDERSTAND
THE CONCEPT BY LOOKING AT THE
EYEBALL.
IT'S NOT ENOUGH.
SO WHILE THE EAR DRUM IS AN
IMPORTANT MEANS TO AN END, IT'S
NOT THE END IN AND OF ITSELF, SO
I FELT LIKE I HAD TO START
STUDYING SOMETHING ELSE OTHER
THAN THE EAR AND THAT SOMETHING
ELSE WAS THE BRAIN, AND AS
FRANCIS MENTIONED I WENT TO THE
NIH AFTER I FINISHED MY SURGICAL
FELLOWSHIP AT JOHNS HOPKINS IN
ORDER TO LEARN FUNCTIONAL NEURAL
IMAGING AND I WAS AT THE NIDCD
WHERE I SPENT FORMATIVE YEARS
AND MOST IMPORTANTLY WHAT I WAS
ABLE TO DO THERE WAS TO BE LEFT
ALONE AND WHEN I WAS LEFT ALONE,
HIACCESS TO A FUNCTIONAL MRI
SCANNER, I HAD TIME AND I HAD
KIND OF THE FREEDOM TO THINK
SCIENTIFICALLY ABOUT THINGS AND
I STARTED REALIZING THAT
FUNCTIONAL MRI SCANNERS ARE KIND
OF AGNOSTIC TO WHAT THE PERSON
IS DOING, YOU KNOW EACH THOUGH
TRADITIONALLY THEY HAD BEEN USED
FOR FAIRLY SIMPLE TYPES OF
EXPERIMENTS THERE WAS NO REAL
REASON WHY YOU COULDN'T DO
SOMETHING MORE COMPLICATED SO I
STARTED TO DEVISE A WAY TO TAKE
MY INTERESTS IN JAZZ, MY
INTEREST IN HEARING AND TO THINK
ABOUT WHAT IT IS THAT I DO WHEN
I'M PLAYING JAZZ THAT FEELS
DIFFERENT AND YOU KNOW, SO
FRANCIS MENTIONED IMPROVISATION,
MOST JAZZ MUSICIANS, THE REASON
THEY'RE JAZZ BECAUSE OF
IMPROVISATION, THAT'S THE WHOLE
NATURE OF THE MUSIC AND THAT'S
WHAT DESIGNS JAZZ IS THIS UNIQUE
ART FORM AND UNIQUELY AMERICAN
ART FORM THAT I THINK IN SOME
WAYS PEOPLE GET OBSESSED WITH
BECAUSE OF THE IDEA THAT IT'S
CONSTANTLY EVOLVING, IT'S NEVER
THE SAME.
IT'S IN A WAY A PERFECT ART FORM
FROM THAT PERSPECTIVE.
IT'S ALWAYS KNEW.
WHEN I IMPROVISED MYSELF, I
COULD TELL THAT SOMETHING
CHANGES IN MY BRAIN.
THERE'S SORT OF A SWITCH FLIPS
AND YOU'RE SORT OF A DIFFERENT
MODE OR A DIFFERENT MIND SET OR
MAYBE YOU'RE EVEN A DIFFERENT
PERSON FOR THAT MOMENT, YOU'RE
CHANGING AS YOU'RE DOING THIS
AND SOMEHOW YOUR BRAIN IS DOING
THESE THINGS THAT YOU'RE NOT
REALLY SO CONSCIENCELY AWARE OF
OR CONTROLLING YET YOU'RE THE 1
THAT'S DOING IT AND YOU'RE
PLAYING AN ACTIVE ROLE IN DOING
IT SO I THOUGHT TO MYSELF, HOW
IS THAT POSSIBLE?
-- SO I DECIDED BECAUSE I WAS AT
NIH, BECAUSE I COULD ASK THESE
QUESTIONS I COULD DESIGN A
FUNCTIONAL MRI TO LOOK AT YASES
IS THAT'S HOW IT WENT AND WE
DEVELOPED A PIANO KEYBOARD I
SHOWED AND THIS I WILL SHOW A
VIDEO AND THIS VIDEO IS MORE
THAN A DECADE OR MORE OF DEMOING
HOW THIS WORKS.
COMPREHEND.
>> THIS IS A 35 KEY, KEYBOARD
THAT WE USE FOR THE JAZZ
EXPERIMENTS, IT FITS INSIDE THE
SCANNER, MEDICALLY SAFE, HAVE
MINIMAL INTERFERENCE FOR ANY
ARTIFACT AND HAVE THE CUSHIONS
IT CAN REST ON THE PLAYERS LEGS
WHILE THEY'RE LYING DOWN THE
SCANNER LAYING ON THEIR BACK.
IT WORKS LIKE THIS, IT DOESN'T
PRODUCE ANY SOUND.
SENDS OUT A MIDI SIGNAL, INTO
THE WIRES AND BOX AND COMPUTER
WHICH TRIGGER SAMPLES LIKE THIS.
[♪ MUSIC ♪]
SO THIS EXPERIMENT WHICH I
WANTED TO BE ECOLOGICALLY
DEVELOPED AND I HAVE A LOT OF
REASONS FOR THAT 1 AND I WANT TO
FEEL LIKE MUSIC, I DON'T WANT IT
TO BE ABSTRACT, I DON'T WANT TO
GET IT RELATED TO MUSIC BUT NOT
MUSIC.
-- WHY DON'T YOU START IMPROVISE
A LARGE PORTION OF THE BRAIN IS
DEACTIVATING OR SHUTTING OFF
THESE CONSCIOUS CONTROL
MECHANISMS AND LATERAL
PREFRONTAL REGIONS INVOLVED IN
CONSCIOUS SELF-MONITORING NOW
THAT'S A VERY SIMPLISTIC WAY TO
DISCUSS A COMPLEX SET OF
CHANGES, I WILL TELL YOU IT WILL
BE COMPLETELY INKREK AS AN
EXPLANATION, BUT IT'S THE 1 I'M
BEGINNING WITH BECAUSE IT MAKES
SENSE TO ME.
THERE'S A VERY REASONABLE THEORY
THAT WHEN YOU ENTER A FLOW STATE
AND YOU'RE USING THESE
MECHANISMS YOU ARE -- SO THAT
KIND OF CONSTANT
SELF-MONITORING, IT'S WHY YOU
MIGHT CHOKE WHEN YOU DO
SOMETHING -- THAT'S SUDDENLY,
YOU'VE DONE IT MANY, MANY TIMES
SO SUDDENLY I START WALKING LIKE
THIS AS IF I HAD NEVER KNOWN HOW
TO WALK BEFORE APPROXIMATE SO IT
WAS SUDDENLY CONSCIOUS FOR ME
AND I WAS NOT ABLE TO SUPPRESS
MY CONSCIOUS CONTROL MECHANISMS
AND THEN MEAN WHILE THESE AREAS
ARE SUBPRIORITIESING ON WHICH I
THINK ARE RELEVANT BECAUSE JAZZ
MUSICIANS ARE TELLING THEIR
PERSONAL STORY.
NONAPOPTOTIC YOU THIS IS JUST A
VIGNETTE AND KIND OF AN EXAMPLE
OF SOME WAYS THAT SCIENCE CAN
PROVIDE FUNDAMENTAL INSIGHTS
INTO OUR SCIENCE -- ART DID NOT
NEED SCIENCE TO JUSTIFY ITS
EXISTENCE AND IN MANY WAYS,
PEOPLE CAN BE VERY HAPPY NEVER
KNOWING ABOUT THE BASIS FOR ART
BUT I THINK THERE IS SOMETHING
VERY WHEN YOU TRANSFER THE
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CAN YOU MAKE
PEOPLE FEEL MORE CONNECTED TO 1
ANOTHER.
MUSIC CAN BE A FORM OF MEDICINE
AND THIS IS REALLY WEIRD TO
SOUND THE HEALTH NETWORK AS
ENTERED IN AS PART OF THIS
COLLABORATION THAT FRANCIS
MENTION AND I'M INDEBTED TO
PEOPLE NOT JUST THE NIH BUT ALSO
THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE
ARTS AND THEN ALSO TO MY
COLLABORATORS THE SOUND HEALTH
NETWORK, PARTICULARLY JULIAN
JOHNSON, SHERRY AND JOHN AND
WE'VE HAD AN AMAZING TIME TRYING
TO SET UP A NETWORK OF ARTISTS
MUSICIAN SCIENTISTS, THINKERS,
ORGANIZATIONS THAT CARE ABOUT
THESE QUESTIONS I WILL SHOW YOU
A SHORT VIDEO ABOUT HOW THIS
COLLABORATION TOOK PLACE NSOUND
HEALTH IS A NEW INITIATIVE WE'RE
EXPLORING WITH THE NIH UNDER THE
LEADERSHIP OF RENE FLEMMING WHO
BEGAN THIS WITH DR. COLLINS,
WE'RE LOOKING TO FIND OUT HOW IS
A CREATIVE LIFE A MORE HEALTHY
LIFE?
>> IT'S AN EXCITING TIME IN
NEUROSCIENCE, WE'RE STARTING TO
LEARN WAYS IN WHICH MUSIC CAN
INFLUENCE ALL OTHER ASPECTS OF
1'S BRAIN FUNCTION AND
ASPECIALLY HOW WE USE THAT
INFORMATION TO USE MUSIC
THERAPEUTICALLY NWHEN I MET
FRANCIS COLLINS WHO I DISCOVERED
WAS A REALLY TERRIFIC MUSICIAN,
THIS MIGHT BE AN OPPORTUNITY.
IF PEOPLE ARE THROUGH MUSIC
THERAPY, SUCCEEDING AND HELPING
PATIENTS, CHILDREN WITH AUTISM,
PATIENTS WITH PARKINSONS, STROKE
VICTIM WHO IS CAN COMMUNICATE
BECAUSE THEY SING BUT THEY CAN'T
SPEAK, THE SCIENCE OF HEALING IN
THE ARTS, IT'S ANOTHER AREA OF
EXPLODING RESEARCH.
>> THIS HAS A RESEARCH COMPONENT
TO IT, IT HAS A PRESENTATION
COMPONENT TO IT, IT HAS AN
ADVOCACY COMPONENT TO IT AS WELL
AS WELL AS CULTURE IN AMERICA
TODAY IS GOING.
THROUGH THIS INITIATIVE, WE CAN
ALL LEARN FROM EACH OTHER, AND
WE CAN MOVE INTO A NEW SPACE OF
INTEGRATION OF DEEP INTELLECTUAL
AND SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT.
>> THE FACT THIS IS COMING
TOGETHER THAT THE NIH AND
KENNEDY CENTER ARE COLLABORATING
IT MAKES THE ARTS MORE RELEVANT,
IT EXALTS THE IMPORTANCE OF ARTS
IN OUR LIVES.
[♪ MUSIC ♪]
>> SOUND HEALTH NETWORK HAS BEEN
A KEY PARTNER AND IT IN
PARTICULAR THANKS TO DEBORAH ON
BEHALF OF NETWORK, WE HAD A
MEETING AT THE KENNEDY CENTER,
AND THEN FRANCIS SAID THEY WERE
GOING TO SPEND 20 AND THEN SOON
ALMOST $40 MILLION TO FUND THIS
FIELD AND THEN WE HAD AN
OFFICIAL LAUNCH BACK AT THE
BEGINNING OF COVID THERE.
NOW THIS IS OUR MISSION, TO
PROMOTE RESEARCH AND AND HEALTH
AWARENESS, I WANT TO THANK THE
PEOPLE FOR FUNDING, PEOPLE IN MY
LAB WHO HAVE KNOW ESSENTIAL FOR
EVERYTHING AND THEN DIFFERENT
SCIENTISTS THAT I HAD THE
PRIVILEGE TO WORK WITH AND BE
INN SPIRED AND COLLABORATE WITH
AND THEN ARTISTS AND MUTATION
CISIONS WHO HAVE TAKEN A DEEP
INTEREST IN A LOT OF WORK AND
HAVE BEEN PHENOMENAL FROM THE
VERY BEGIN XG WITH THAT I WILL
LOOK VERY MUCH FORWARD TO
TURNING IT OVER TO JOSHUA.
THANK YOU.
>> THANK YOU CHARLES AND JOSHUA,
OVER TO YOU.
[♪ MUSIC ♪]
>> SWITCHING OVER TO MY HEAD
PHONES TO SPEAK FOR A MINUTE.
HA -- THAT'S HOW MY CELLO SAYS
HELLO, I'M JOSHUA, AND THAT WAS
THE FIRST SUITE FOR THE CELLO,
DEFINITELY 1 THAT I PLAYED MORE
THAN ANY OTHER PIECE AND NO
MATTER HOW MANY TIMES I PLAY IT,
I -- THERE'S SOMETHING NEW EVERY
TIME.
I LOVE IT.
IT'S THE ONLY PIECE YOU MIGHT
CATCH ME HERE ALONE IN MY STUDO
ALONE PLAYING FOR THE PLEASURE
OF IT JUST ABOUT ANY DAY OF THE
WEEK.
AND FOR ANY KIND OF PRESENTATION
WHERE I'M TALKING ABOUT HEALTH
IN PARTICULAR, MY HEALTH, IT IS
IMPORTANT FOR ME THAT I START
WITH SOMETHING THAT A -- THAT'S
THAT FAMILIAR AND THAT I LOVE
AND HAVE KNOWN FOR AS LONG AS I
CAN REMEMBER.
IT'S FEBRUARY, SO IT WAS JUST
OVER 4 YEARS AGO THEY WAS FACING
THE POSSIBILITY OF NEVER PLAYING
THAT MUSIC AGAIN.
I FIRST GOT COVID IN JANUARY OF
2021 AND UNFORTUNATELY, I HAVE
YET TO FULLY AREY COVER.
I COULD TELL THAT THINGS WERE
NOT AS THEY SHOULD BE EVEN AFTER
I COULD SMELL AND TASTE AGAIN,
THOSE ARE THE DAYS, I STILL
STRUGGLED TO READ.
SOMETIMES BASIC SENTENCES WOULD
NOT MAKE SENSE AND FORGET ABOUT
READING A LIST, READING A LIST.
SO I WAS GOING HOME FROM THE
TRIP I HAD BEEN ON PERFORMING
WHEN I CAUGHT COVID AND I WAS
WALKING UP THE STAIRS TO THE
BEDROOM AFTER I WALKED IN THE
DOOR XI ONLY MADE IT HALFWAY UP
BEFORE I COLLAPSED ON THE
LANDING AND I WAS UNABLE TO
CONTINUE OR EVEN JUST SIT
UPRIGHT IN A SITTING POSITION
AND I WAS STUCK THERE FOR ABOUT
30 MINUTES, FRUSTRATED AND
CRYING.
AS YOU HEARD FRANCIS SAY, I HAVE
LONG COVID AND I WOULD ASSUME
THAT YOU KNOW SOMETHING ABOUT
THAT, BUT JUST TO SHARE MY
VERSION, MY LIVED EXPERIENCE, IT
COMES WITH A CONSTELLATION OF
SYMPTOMS WHICH IS KIND OF FUN TO
SAY, EVEN THOUGH IT'S NOT GREAT
TO EXPERIENCE THAT CAN DIFFER
FROM PATIENT TO PATIENT.
IN MY CASE, I DEAL WITH
DYSAUTONOMIA, THE NERVOUS
CONDITION THAT AFFECTS INPUT
VERSUS OUTPUT SO I MIGHT
SUDDENLY FEEL LIKE THE
TEMPERATURE HAS DROPPED
40-DEGREES AND EVERYONE CELS
FINDING T-SHIRTS OR I MIGHT
THINK THAT I RAN A MARATHON
BECAUSE MY LEGS ARE JUST SO HARD
TO MOVE AND SO HEAVY AFTER
TAKING A FEW STEPS UP THE SUBWAY
STAIRS AND HERE IN THE NEW YORK
CITY.
AND I ALSO HAVE TREMBLING, I
TAKE MEDICATION DAILY TO KEEP
THAT FROM BEING A PROBLEM FOR
PLAYING CELLO OR DRINKING WATER
AND TO KEEP MY HEART RATE FROM
SPIKING WHICH WOULD SOMETIME GO
OVER 200 WHICH IS INSANE,
SITTING DOING NOTHING.
I ALSO HAVE BRAIN FOG WHICH I
ALLUDED TO WITH THE READING
ISSUES.
I'M TRYING TO UNDERSTAND THAT IN
MY SPECIFIC CASE AS ISSUES
PROCESSING, THAT MY COGNITION
DOESN'T DEAL WITH WITH MULTIPLE
PROCESSES HAPPENING AT 1 TIME
WHICH MEANS THAT GROCERY
SHOPPING THOUGH IT'S EASY IT'S
COMPLEX, SO THAT CAN BE
DIFFICULT, TRYING TO STICK TO A
LIST TO MAKE CHOICES TO FIND
ITEMS TO DEAL WITH SOUNDS IN THE
ENVIRONMENT AND NAVIGATE AROUND
PEOPLE, ALL WITH THIS PRESSURE
OF HAVING TO CARRY THINGS HOME
AFTERWARDS, LET ALONE DRIVING
ANOTHER VERY MAYBE EASY TASK BUT
NOT SO SIMPLE PAYING ATTENTION
TO EVERYTHING THAT'S OUTSIDE OF
THE CAR, MAKING SURE THAT YOUR
SCIENCE -- SENSES ARE IN LINE
WITH WHAT'S HAPPENING AND ALL
THE WHILE IN THE BACK OF YOUR
MIND WHETHER YOU THINK ABOUT IT
OR NOT, THE REALITY THAT IF YOU
MAKE A MISTAKE, THE COST COULD
BE PRETTY HIGH, SO I HAD TO SELL
MY CAR.
I DON'T REALLY GROCERY SHOP
ANYMORE AND ADJUSTING TO LIFE
WITH LONG COVID HAS BEEN AN
INCREDIBLE CHALLENGE.
AT FIRST I WASN'T VERY GRACEFUL
ABOUT APPROACHING THIS
CHALLENGE.
I TOTALLY JUST FORCED MY WAY,
BRUTE FORCE THROUGH A COUPLE OF
CONCERTS THAT WERE TOO IMPORTANT
TO CANCEL AND THEY HAPPENED TO
BE THE ONLY CONCERTS LEFT ON THE
CALENDAR BECAUSE COVID HAD TAKEN
CARE OF LARGE GATHERING FOR THE
MOST PART.
AND AFTER THAT I CRASHED REALLY
HARD AND WHEN I DID, I PUT THE
CELLO IN ITS CASE I STOPPED
PRACTICING, I STOPPED THE
ROUTINE THAT I'VE BEEN DOING
ALMOST EVERY DAY FOR MORE THAN 3
DECADES AND DOUBTS BEIMAN DOUBO
POP UP.
WHY AM I IN MUSIC ANYWAY?
IT'S SO HARD TO PLAY.
I HAD SO MUCH TROUBLE LIFTING
THE BO, IT DIDN'T FEEL WORTH IT
TO DO SOMETHING THAT I COULDN'T
REALLY FEEL HOW IT MATTERED.
I COULDN'T FEEL THAT IT AFFECTED
OTHER PEOPLE, I ALWAYS WANTED TO
DO SOMETHING BUT IT DOES MATTER
AND I CONSIDERED ALL SORTS OF
CAREER CHANGES THAT WOULD GET ME
OUT OF -- OUT OF THE GATE
MENTALITY OF JUST NEEDING
SOMEONE TO CALL, SO THAT I CAN
PLAY.
IT WAS ALMOST 3 MONTHS OF NOT
PLAYING THE CELLO AND OF
RECONSIDERING WHETHER THIS PATH
WAS RIGHT FOR ME BEFORE I
LITERALLY DUSTED OFF AND LOOKING
FOR MY CASE OVER THERE.
I HAD TO ACTUALLY DUST OFF THE
CASE FOR THE FIRST TIME IN MY
ENTIRE LIFE.
I WILL NEVER FORGET SEEING THAT
DIRECTION OF PARTICLES THAT
SCREAMED OF NEGLECT AND I PULLED
OUT THE CELLO, REALLY IT WAS
GUILT AND I'M SURE SOME OF YOU
HAVE AGREED TO DO THINGS FOR
FRIENDS BECAUSE YOU FELT LIKE
YOU HAD TO AND THIS WAS EXACTLY
THE CASE.
I TOLD SOMEONE I WOULD PLAY FOR
THEIR SUMMER SOLSTICE PARTY EVEN
THOUGH I DIDN'T KNOW WHAT IT WAS
AND I DIDN'T KNOW THEM VERY
WELL, BUT I AGREED AND I DIDN'T
BACK OUT IN TIME SO THE DAY
BEFORE THE PARTY THERE I WAS, I
BETTER PULL OUT THE CELLO AND
MAKE SURE I CAN ACTUALLY DO THIS
STILL, AND AS I BEGAN TO PLAY, I
STARTED WITH THAT SAME BACH I
JUST PLAYED FOR YOU AND I FELT
THE VIBRATIONS OF THE CELLO
AGAINST MY BODY AND TOUCHING MY
KNEES THROUGH THE BO AND EVEN
THOUGH I TOTALLY OUT OF SHAPE
AND I PROBABLY DIDN'T SOUND VERY
GOOD, THAT FEELING BROUGHT ME TO
TEARS.
I REALLY FEEL THAT I NEED THIS
EMPLOY I HAD BEEN MISSING THIS
AND IT DAWNED ON ME THAT
SOMEWHERE ALONG THE WAY IN MY
PATH OF MUSIC AND MY DESIRE TO
SERVE OTHERS THAT I HAD
NEGLECTED AND FORGOTTEN ABOUT MY
OWN NEED FOR NOURISHMENT AND
CONNECTION THROUGH MUSIC, THAT I
HAD GOTTEN CAUGHT UP IN THIS
IDEA THAT I COULD BE THE PERFECT
VESES WILL -- VESSEL THAT YOU
WOULDN'T EVEN NOTICE.
IT'S CRAZY TO HEAR ME TALK ABOUT
THIS BECAUSE OF LISTENING TO
DR. LIMB AND THIS STRAIGHT TONE
IS HOW UNSATISFYING IT IS AS A
MUSICIAN AND SO MUCH WHAT MAKES
IT WORK, I THINK IS THAT FEELING
THAT YOU ARE BEING CONNECTED TO
OTHER PEOPLE WHETHER IT'S
INTELLECT OR NOVELTY OR SURPRISE
OR EMOTION, SOMETHING THERE
FEELS LIKE IT CONNECTS YOU AND
THAT'S INCREDIBLY IMPORTANT.
WHEN I DECIDED TO WRITE A PIECE
FOR THIS PROJECT THAT I'M DOING
AND I SHARE A BIT MORE ABOUT
THAT LATER, I WAS PRETTY NERVOUS
BECAUSE I'M AMBITIOUS, I'M A
TYPE-A GUY, USED TO RUN A MILE
IN LESS THAN 6 MINUTES.
NOW I HAVE TROUBLE GETTING UP
THE STAIRS AND I WANTED TO WRITE
A PIECE OF MUSIC WHICH IN AND OF
ITSELF IS NOW VERY CHALLENGING
WITH THE COGNITIVE ISSUES, BUT I
REALLY WANTED TO WRITE A PIECE
OF MUSIC THAT CAPTURED ALL OF
THE LESSONS I'VE BEEN LEARNING,
ALL OF THE UPS AND DOWNS THAT
THE HIGHS, OF FEELING LIKE I CAN
OVERCOME THIS, THE DESPAIR OF
NOT KNOWING, AND BASICALLY THE
LORD OF THE RINGS BUT LAKE IN 5
MINUTES ON THE CELLO.
AND OF COURSE, ANY OF YOU WHO'VE
WRITTEN PAPER, LET ALONE A PIECE
OF MUSIC BEFORE, KNOW THAT'S A
GREAT WAY TO GET WRITER'S BLOCK
-- OH NO, WHAT'S IT CALLED --
BRAIN FOG.
TBRAIT WAY TO GIVE YOURSELF
WRITER'S BLOCK, SO I STARTED
IMPROVISING.
I STARTED IMPROVISING BECAUSE I
FELT LIKE DOING SOMETHING THAT
DIDN'T HAVE TO BE RIGHT, WAS A
GOOD WAY TO LET GO AND JUST KIND
OF GET INTO THE CREATIVE PROCESS
AND I DID THAT AND I WAS HAVING
FUN BUT I WASN'T FINDING THAT
PIECE THAT I WAS LOOKING FOR.
AND FINALLY AGAIN JUST LIKE
PROCASTINATION IT WAS TIME FOR
THE RECORDING SESSION, THE
WEEKEND BEFORE THE RECORDING
SESSION AND SAID, YOU KNOW WHAT
I HAVE TO GET THIS DONE AND IT'S
JUST NOT HAPPENING, SO I GIVE
UP, I LET GO, I CANNOT CONTROL
THIS PROCESS, I CANNOT TELL THIS
MUSIC WHAT TO DO, I WILL JUST
FOLLOW WHAT'S COMING OUT AND
WHEN I DID, IMMEDIATELY IT FELT
LIKE IMMEDIATELY THIS ABUNDANTLY
YOIFUL PIECE OF MUSIC CAME
TOGETHER FASTER THAN I COULD
HAVE EVER WANTED AND I REALIZED
IN THAT MOMENT THAT REALLY IT'S
TRUE, YOU CAN'T ALWAYS GET WHAT
YOU WANT, BUT SOMETIMES GET WHAT
YOU NEED THAT LIKE I COULDN'T
FORCE MYSELF TO MAKE THIS PIECE
ABOUT SOMETHING ELSE BUT WHEN I
LET GO, I FOUND THE MUSIC THAT I
NEEDED.
I REALLY NEEDED THIS EXPRESSION
OF JOY.
AND THAT'S WHAT I WILL SHARE
WITH YOU NOW BEFORE WE TURN TO
OUR DISCUSSION.
THIS PIECE IS NAMED AFTER MY
PROJECT.
I CALL IT IMMUNITY.
[♪ MUSIC ♪]
[MUSIC CONTINUES ]
>> JOSHUA FANTASTIC!
AND 1 DOES GET A SENSE THAT THAT
GREW OUT OF IMPROVISATION WHICH
CHARLES COULD PROBABLY PREDICT
SOMETHING ABOUT WHAT WAS
HAPPENING IN YOUR BRAIN WHEN YOU
WROTE THAT AND MAYBE EVEN WHEN
YOU'RE PLAYING THAT.
SO YEAH, SO MUCH WE COULD TALK
ABOUT HERE BUT I WANT TO
ENCOURAGE THE 2 OF YOU TO QUERY
EACH OTHER WITH THINGS THAT COME
TO MIND AFTER THE LAST
PRESENTATIONS OF EACH OF YOU.
HAVE AT IT.
WE WILL COME TO QUESTIONS FROM
THE AUDIENCE HERE SHORTLY.
>> AWESOME THANK YOU SO MUCH I'M
SORRY, I'M JUMPING RIGHT IN
BECAUSE I WAS TAKING NOTES WHILE
YOU WERE TALKING, THERE'S JUST
SO MUCH THAT I'M CURIOUS ABOUT
AND I HAVE SO MANY QUESTIONS,
YOU KNOW AS I SAID IN MY STORY,
YOU KNOW I'VE ALWAYS BEEN
SEARCHING FOR MEANING, I ALWAYS
WANTED TO FEEL THE IMPACT AND
YOU SAID THAT YOU DIDN'T FEEL
LIKE MAYBE IT WAS NECESSARY OR I
FORGET YOUR EXACT WORDING BUT WE
DON'T REALLY NEED TO JUSTIFY ART
THROUGH SCIENCE AND YET I DO
FIND, I DON'T KNOW IF IT'S
BECAUSE OF HOW I WAS RAISED WITH
ALL THIS INHERENT MEANING AND
RELIGION AND THE MUSIC OF
RELIGION OR WHETHER IT'S THE
CONSUMER SOCIETY WE LIVE IN
WHERE EVERYTHING HAS TO BE
JUSTIFIED AND HAS TO HAVE DATA
BACKING IT UP AND NUMBERS
BACKING IT UP BUT I'M FASCINATED
BOO I LEARNING MORE ABOUT WHY
--
ABOUT LEARN MORE ABOUT WHY AND
THE POWER.
>> FIRST OF ALL LET ME SAY THANK
YOU FOR YOUR MUSIC AND SHARING
YOUR STORY.
IT'S REALLY REMARKABLE AND I'M
SO DPRAD TO SEE AND HEAR THAT
YOU'RE WELL ON YOUR WAY WITH
RECOVERY EVEN THOUGH MAY MAY NOT
BE AT FULL STRENGTH, YOU'RE
CERTAINLY, YOUR PLAYING IS
ASTOUNDING AND THANKS FOR
COMPOSING THAT PIECE AND SHARING
IT WITH US, AND YOU QUESTION YOU
ASKED, IT'S MANY QUESTIONS
ROLLED TOGETHER AND SO LET ME
TRY TO DISSECT IT, AT LEAST THE
WAY I KIND OF REACT TO IT, WHEN
I SAID THAT MUSEUC OR ART
DOESN'T NEED SCIENCE, LET ME
EXPLAIN WHAT I MEANT BY THAT.
AS LONG AS THERE HAVE BYE-BYE
HUMAN BEINGS, THERE HAS BEEN
ART, THIS IS RUE IN ALL CULTURES
AND ALL HISTORIES AND THAT WAS
IN A WAY THAT'S THE PROOF THAT
IT'S NOT THAT ART EXISTS BECAUSE
SCIENTISTS HAVE BEEN THERE TO
SHED LIGHT ON IT, TO STUDY IT OR
TO SOMEHOW BENEFIT FROM IT, IT
CLEARLY JUSTIFIES ITS OWN
EXISTENCE BECAUSE OF ITS
PERSISTENCE.
EVERY TIME THERE ARE HUMAN
BEINGS, YOU HAVE ART, WHAT DOES
THAT SAY?
IT TELL US WE'RE HARD WIRES TO
PRODUCE ART EVEN WHEN IT DOESN'T
PRESENT AN OBVIOUS SURVIVAL
ADVANTAGE, NOW YOU CAN GET INTO
THE EVOLUTIONARY ORIGIN OF LIFE
AND MUSIC AND MAKING PRIMITIVE
HUMAN SOCIETIES, MAYBE IT KEPT
THEM SAFE OR COMMUNICATE THINGS
THAT BEING NOT KNOW SAID, OR
MAYBE EVEN MUSIC PREDATES SPEECH
OR ADVANCE SPEECH IN MANY WAYS
SO THERE'S REASONS WHY OUR
BRAINS HAVE THESE SYSTEMS FOR
AUDITORY COMMUNICATION EMPLOY
THAT'S HOW I THINK ABOUT IT,
SPEECH IS 1 WAY OF AUDITORY
MUSIC AND SPEECH IS THE OTHER
AND IT EMPLOYS THE BRAIN IN
MANY, MANY PARALLEL WAYS EVEN
THOUGH SPEECH DOESN'T USE AS
SEMANTIC A SPEECH AS SPEECHES,
THE MAYBE THE THING THAT MUSIC
IS BEST AT IS CONVEYING EMOTION,
AND MUCH BETTER THAN CONVEYING
ANALYTICAL THOUGHT OR THINGS
LIKE THAT, SO NOW WHEN YOU GOET
TO THE QUESTION OF WHY DOES IT
HAVE POWER, I THINK IT'S
ACTUALLY THAT IT ALLOWS TO YOU
EXPERIENCE SOMEBODY ELSE'S LIFE
FOR A MOMENT AND TO COMBINE IT
WITH YOUR OWN EXPERIENCE OF
BEING ALIVE.
AND SO FOR EXAMPLE, YOU SAID
THIS VERY INTERESTING THING
ABOUT BEING A VESSEL, BEING THE
PERFECT VESSEL AND NO 1 WOULD
NOTICE BUT THAT'S ASSUMING THAT
THE MUSIC IS GOING FROM CELLO TO
EAR BUT ACTUALLY THAT'S NOT HOW
I THINK ABOUT IT AT ALL.
WHEN YOU'RE PLAYING THE BACH,
IT'S COMING FROM BACH'S BRAIN TO
YOUR BRAIN TO QUALITY OF REVIEW
CELLO TO MY EAR TO MY BRAIN.
RIGHT?
SO WHAT'S THE COMMON THING, IT'S
3 PEOPLE'S BRAINS THAT ARE LIKE
SHAPING THIS EXPERIENCE.
NOW IN THE CASE OF YOUR OWN
COMPOSITION, THIS IS DIRECTLY
YOU, THE CELLO ALONE IS NOT
DOING IT, IF I SIT DOWN AT THE
CELLO, IT WILL NOT SOUND --
FIRST OF ALL IT WILL SOUND
HORRIBLE, YOU ARE THE REASON WHY
THE CELLO IS SPEAKING AND
SINGING.
AND SO WHEN I THINK ABOUT WHAT
IS POWERFUL ABOUT MUSIC, TO ME
IT'S THAT -- IT'S THIS HUMAN
CONNECTION THING, IT MAKES YOU
KNOW THAT YOU ARE NOT
NECESSARILY ALONE OR WHEN YOU
ARE ALONE IT MAKES YOU REALIZE
THAT OTHER PEOPLE HAVE BEEN
ALONE, TOO AND THEY HAVE
EXPRESSED IT IN A WAY THAT ALLOW
YOU TO UNDERSTAND IT, TO HAVE
SOLIC AND COMFORT AND MAYBE TO
EVEN UNDERSTAND IT AND KNOW THAT
THERE IS -- WELL ARE WAYS TO
IMET THROUGH PERIODS OF
DIFFICULTY AND WAYS ALSO TO
CELEBRATE JOYS AND HAPPINESS AND
TO ME, IT'S LIKE -- IT AMPLIFIES
ALL OF LIFE, ALL THE UPS AND
DOWNS OF LIFE, THE HIGHS ARE
HIGHER AND THE LOWS ARE SOMEHOW
MORE DEEPER AND IN A WAY MORE
BEAUTIFUL FOR IT.
AND SO, TO ME, THAT THAT'S THE
POWER OF MUSIC AND WHAT I HOPE
HAPPENS IN THIS WHOLE SYNTHESIS
OF MUSIC AND ART, AND SCIENCE
AND ART, AND THAT SCIENTISTS
LEARN FROM ARTISTS IN THE SAME
WAY THAT ARTISTS LEARN FROM
SCIENTISTS, RIGHT NOW, IS THE
TIME WHERE YOU COULD SAY THAT
ART HAS BEEN IN A LOT OF FORCES
AND YOU COULD SAY THAT ABOUT
SCIENCE AND MAYBE WE ARE ABLE TO
BENEFIT FROM 1 ANOTHER BY
MUTUALLY UNDERSTANDING HOW WE
REINFORCE EACH OTHER.
YOU ALSO SAID SOMETHING
INTERESTING WHICH IS THE SEARCH
FOR MEANING, I THINK BOTH ART
AND SCIENCE ARE SEARCHING FOR
THE TRUTH.
I FEEL LIKE THAT IS THE
FUNDAMENTAL GOAL OF HUMANITY, SO
SOME SEARCH FOR THE TRUTH,
HOWEVER YOU DINE DE-- DEFINE T,
AND IT'S SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND
ART DOES IT USING ARTISTIC
METHODS AND THIS IS THE REASON
WHY ART MATTERS AND WHY EVEN
THOUGH MUSIC NEVER NEEDED
SCIENCE TO EXIST OR TO
PROLIFERATE OR TO JUSTIFY
ITSELF, I THINK IT CERTAINLY
BENEFITS FROM HAVING SCIENTISTS
REALLY REVERE THE BEAUTY OF IT.
>> I APPRECIATE THAT AND I THINK
IT IS REALLY INTERESTING TO ME
TO CONSIDER FROM THE
PROFESSIONAL ROLE OF THE
MUSICIAN WHEN SOMETHING THAT I
VALUE SO MUCH AND YOU TALKED
ABOUT THIS, IS WITH MAYBE WITH
DIFFERENT WORDS CREATIVITY, BUT
THAT'S WHAT I HEAR IN BETWEEN
THE LINES WHEN YOU'RE TALKING
ABOUT IMPROVISATION, IN
PARTICULAR, AND WHAT IT DOES FOR
THE BRAIN, IT'S THIS -- THIS
SHUTTING DOWN OF THE VOICES THAT
SAY, STOP, IT'S NOT RIGHT.
AND I THINK THAT ALLOWS US TO
GET -- TO TOUCH SOME KIND OF
TRUTH, THAT WE -- THAT MAY NOT
COME OUT IN A WAY THAT IS
DIGESTIBLE IN ANY WAY EXCEPT FOR
THRU AN ARTISTING LENS --
ARTISTIC LENS.
BUT WHEN WIEWR TALKING ABOUT THE
APPRECIATION OF SCIENTISTS FOR
IT AND ALSO THE DESIRE OF A LOT
OF US AS ARTISTS I THINK TO -- I
WISH A DIFFERENT WORD FOR
JUSTIFY BUT IT IS INTERESTING
BECAUSE I THINK THAT WHEN IT IS
-- WHEN ART IS SO ABUNDANT IN A
NONPARTICIPATORY WAY, THAT
SOMETIMES THE POWER IS NOT FELT
AS STRONGLY AS IT IS WHEN IT'S
EVEN IN LESS LARGE DOSES FELT IN
AN EX PERIENTAL WAY AND WHAT I
MEAN BY THAT IS THAT WE'RE
CONSTANTLY SURROUNDED BY MUSIC.
I ALMOST NEVER LISTEN TO MUSIC
IN THE BACKGROUND, I ALMOST
NEVER DO IT AT ALL AND I NEVER
DO IT.
I OF AT THE DENTIST GETTING MY
TEETH CLEANED AND I WAS STRUCK
BY HOW DISTRACTED I WAS HEARING
MUSIC IN THE BACKGROUND AND
REALIZING THAT IT TOOK SOME OF
MY ATTENTION AND I WAS JUST
THINKING ABOUT HOW MANY OF US
CANNOT ESCAPE THAT ALL DAY LONG
AND ON THE FLIP SIDE, I THINK
ABOUT THE POWER OF 1 PERSON
SINGING WITH ME AND IMPROVISING
SOMETHING TOGETHER WHETHER IT'S
IN WORKSHOPS OR JUST IN A FRIEND
OR FAMILY SITUATION, WHATEVER IT
IS, WHATEVER OPENS UP FROM THAT
10-30-SECOND UP TO A MINUTE OF
CREATIVE EXPRESSION, IS SO MUCH
MORE POWERFUL THAN
NONPARTICIPATORY KIND OF
LISTENING AND I THINK THAT
THERE'S SOMETHING VERY
INTERESTING THERE TO EXPLORE BUT
I SEE FRANCIS NODDING ALONG TOO
AND I WONDER WHAT YOU HAVE --
>> THERE'S INTERESTING RESEARCH
ON THAT.
THERE'S AN EXPERIMENT THAT WAS
DONE WHERE PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC
PAIN WERE ASSIGNED 3 DIFFERENT
GROUPS, 1 WAS TO LISTEN TO
MUSIC, 1 WAS TO BE GIVEN A
CHANCE TO BE SUBJECT OF VOICE
TRAINING BY EXPERIENCED VOICE
COACH AND THE THIRD GROUP WAS
PUT IN A CHOIR TO SING WITH
OTHERS AND THEY KEPT THE SAME
TIME TABLES AND THEN AT THE END
OF WHATEVER IT WAS, 3 OR 4
MONTHS, LOOK TO SEE WHAT WAS THE
AFFECT ON CHRONIC PAIN AND ALSO,
EVEN MEASURE THINGS IN THE BODY
LIKE OXYTOCIN WHICH IS A SORT OF
FEEL GOOD HORMONE, WELL, YOU CAN
GUESS, WHERE WAS THE HIGHEST
RESPONSE?
IT WAS THE PEOPLE IN THE CHOIR.
THE PEOPLE WHO GOT THE VOICE
TRAINING, THEY DID BETTER, THE
PEOPLE WHO LISTENED, ENH, NOT SO
MUCH.
EXACTLY WHAT YOU'RE SAYING, WE
ARE BUILT TO BE PARTICIPATORY IN
MUSIC AND SIMPLY NOT PASSIVE
RECEIVERS, AT LEAST THAT'S WHAT
CAN BRING US THE FURTHEST
FORWARD IN TERMS OF ITS BENEFITS
TO HOW WE FEEL EMPLOY I GOTTA
ASK YOU JOSHUA AND I'M STARTING
TO FOLD IN SOME OF THE QUESTIONS
THAT I'M SEEING UP ON THE CHAT
BOX AS WELL, YOU'VE BEEN DOING A
LOT OF OUTREACH TO PEOPLE WITH
LONG ASHING, YOU VISITING THED
WITH LONG COVID CLINICS.
YOU TALKED HOW YOUR OWN MUSIC
THERAPY THAT YOU GAVE YOURSELF
BY FEELING THE VIBRATIONS OF
CELLO BROUGHT YOU INTO A PLACE
THAT WAS OTHERWISE NOT
HAPPENING, WHAT ARE THE STORIES
YOU HEAR FROM PEOPLE WITH LONG
COVID ABOUT HOW THEY'RE FINDING
THAT AND WHAT ROLE HAVE YOU
HEARD ABOUT MUSIC PLAYING IN
THAT SETTING AS WELL BECAUSE WE
WANT TO BUILD THIS WHOLE FIELD
OF MUSIC THERAPY TO BE EVEN MORE
POWERFUL.
>> I THANK YOU FOR THAT
QUESTION, IT IS SOMETHING THAT
WE'VE ENGAGED WITH WITH A LOT OF
PASSION AND FROM MY PERSONAL
EXPERIENCE, IT'S ACTUALLY A
LITTLE CONTRADICTORY BECAUSE OF
MY COGNITIVE CHALLENGES, MUSIC
ACTUALLY DOESN'T FEEL THAT
DIRECTLY HELPFUL IN THE HEALING
PROCESS.
I HAVE A LOT OF MOTIVATION THAT
COMES FROM MY LOVE FOR MUSIC AND
I WOULD SAY THAT THAT HAS BEEN 1
OF THE BIGGEST FACTORS IN ME
ACTUALLY EMBRACING SYMPTOM
MANAGEMENT AND THE THINGS THAT I
CAN DO.
EVERY THERAPEUTIC PATH THAT I
CAN TAKE AND I DO THE EXERCISES
THAT I'M TAUGHT FOR MUSIC AND
THEY HELP A LITTLE BIT BUT I
KNOW OTHER PEOPLE THAT HAVE
GOTTEN A LOT MORE DIRECT, A MUCH
MORE DIRECT RESULT FROM THINGS
LIKE THE HUMMING THERAPY THAT WE
DO, WHICH IS A VERY SIMPLY JUST
HUMMING WHICH ACTIVATES ALL
SORTS OF JOOF THELING OF
MOLECULES IN THE BODY AND THE
LUNGS AND THEN VERY SPECIFICALLY
VIBRATES THE -- OH NO -- WHAT'S
IT CALLED THE VAGUS NERVE,
SORRY, NOT A DOCTOR.
THE VAGUS NERVE WHICH IS
EXTREMELY HELPFUL IN ALLEVIATING
OVERREACTIONS OF THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM, CALMING NERVOUS SYSTEM
DOWN AND BRINGING IT TO A PLACE
OF STASIS, ALSO DIAPHRAGMATIC
BREATHING THAT SINGERS HAVE TO
LEARN AND APPARENTLY VERY
HELPFUL AND JUST THE ACT OF
SINGING.
I WAS LISTENING TO RENE FLEMMING
A COUPLE WEEKS AGO AT STANFORD
TALKING ABOUT THIS WITH 4
STANFORD SCIENTISTS OF VARYING
KINDS ABOUT HOW TAKING A BREATH
IN AND THEN CONTROLLING THE
BREATH AS IT GOES OUT AND
VIBRATING THE VOCAL CHORDS IS
ACTUALLY A KIND OF THERAPY OR A
BREATH THERAPY, WHICH IS PRETTY
AMAZING.
THIS' JUST SINGING.
I DO HAVE ALWAYS JUST TO SHARE
SOME VERY SPECIFIC -- WE'VE BEEN
COLLECTING DATA FROM THE
PERFORMANCES I'VE BEEN GIVING OF
THE IMMUNITY PROJECT AT LONG
COVID CLINICS AND JUST TO
HIGHLIGHT SOME OF THE THINGS
THAT HAPPEN AFTER THESE
PERFORMANCES, 76% OF OUR
RESPONDENTS FELT AN INCREASE IN
MOTIVATION FOR SEEKING CARE OF
THEIR LONG COVID SYMPTOMS.
EIGHTY-SIX% FELT AN INCREASE IN
MOTIVATION FOR PARTICIPATING IN
THERAPEUTIC MUSIC EXERCISES.
DURING THE PRESENTATION AT A
LONG COVID CLINIC I ACTUALLY
TEACH THE HUMMING EXERCISE AND
THE DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING AND
GET EVERYBODY HUMMING ALONG, 89%
FELT AN INCREASE IN MOTIVATION
FOR PRACTICING ANY CREATIVE
EFFORT ISSUES MUSIC, VISUAL OR
WRITING OR ET CETERA AND 76%
FELT A STRONGER EMOTIONS THAN
THOSE THEY USUALLY FEEL.
SEVENTY-TWO% FELT MORE POSITIVE
OVERALL MOOD REGARDING LIVING
WITH LONG COVID AFTER ATTENDING
THE IMMUNITY EXPERIENCE.
SO A LOT OF THIS, I THINK IS
ABOUT MUSIC BUT MUSIC IS ALSO
JUST A PLACE WHERE WE GATHER FOR
THE PURPOSE OF EXCHANGING --
EXCHANGING AIR VIBRATIONS, YOU
KNOW, THAT'S LIKE -- WE'RE NOT
THERE FOR THE EXCHANGE OF GOODS
AND SERVICES, IT'S AN EXCHANGE
OF OUR HUMANITY IN A WAY AND I
THINK THAT PEOPLE REALLY RESPOND
TO THAT KIND OF A GATHERING EVEN
WITHOUT ALL OF BENEFITS OF
ACTUALLY LISTENING TO MUSIC OR
PARTICIPATING IN IT.
YOU HAVE A GATHERING OF PEOPLE
WHO ARE THERE FOR THE PURPOSE OF
CELEBRATING WHAT IT MEANS TO BE
HUMAN AND THAT'S PRETTY SPECIAL.
>> IT CERTAINLY IS.
>> WE HAVE TIME FOR A COUPLE
MORE QUESTIONS AND THEN AGAIN,
PEOPLE BE PREPARED, THERE'S A
FINALE COMING, YOU DON'T WANT TO
SIGN OFF UNTIL WE GET TO THAT
POINT.
NCHARLES THE QUESTION THAT'S
BEING ASKED, IS THERE REALLY
SOMETHING THAT SCIENTISTS COULD
LEARN FROM WHAT YOU HAVE
DISCERNED ABOUT IMPROVISATION
WITH JAZZ, MUSICIANS, WHERE YOU
TRY TO RELEASE YOUR INHIBITIONS
TO BASICALLY COME UP WITH A
CONCEPT THAT'S AGAINST
CONVENTIONAL THINKING.
I THINK I KNOW WHAT THE
QUESTION'S GOING FOR THAT THE
BIG LEAPS IN SCIENCE HAPPEN THAT
YOU DECIDE THAT YOU'RE JUST NOT
GOING TO BOTHER WITH WHAT
SUPPOSELY THE ANSWER IS, YOU
WILL UNLEASH THIS CREATIVITY
INTO A SPACE THAT HAD PREVIOUSLY
BEEN THERE.
YOU WILL STUDY BACTERIA TO SEE
IF THERE'S AN ENZYME THERE THAT
CAN EDIT THE GENOME THERE FOR
INSTANCE WHICH CAN HAPPEN.
DO YOU THINK OF THAT YOURSELF
BECAUSE YOU'RE INTO THE
IMPROVISATIONAL BRAIN WORK IN
TERMS OF HOW THE BRAIN REALLY
GETS UNLEASHED, DO YOU UNLEASH
THAT SAME KIND OF MIND SET WHEN
YOU'RE DOING A RESEARCH PROJECT?
>> THANKS FOR THOSE QUESTIONS.
LET ME RESPOND TO THAT IN A WAY
THAT SYNTHESIZES ALL THOSE
DIFFERENT THREATS TOGETHER.
ONE IS ABOUT THIS PURPOSE OR
RESEARCH, WHAT DO WE HOPE TO
ACCOMPLISH BY DOING THIS?
IF YOU LOOK AT IT AS A JAZZ
EXPERIMENT, THAT'S MISSING THE
WHOLE POINT OF IT, THE WHOLE
IDEA IS THAT IT'S TRYING TO
CAPTURE LIGHTNING IN A BOTTLE,
NOW WHAT DO THEY DO, THEY
CREATE, THEY CREATE, THEY
INNOVATE AND THERE'S PROBABLY NO
MORE ELUSIVE TOPIC TO STUDY THAN
HUMAN CREATIVITY AND IT'S BY ITS
NATURE UNPREICTIBLE, YOU CAN'T
FORCE IT, SO ACTUALLY LOOKING AT
ARTISTS AS CREATIVE EXPERTS,
PEOPLE WHOSE BRAINS ARE VERY
GOOD AT GENERATING NOVEL IDEAS
THEY'RE MAKING NO IMPORTANT
HUMAN TRAIT OR KIND THAN THE
ABILITY TO GENERATE A NEW IDEA.
THAT MAY BE WHY WE'VE SURVIVED
AS A SPECIES, NOT JUST IN OUR
BELIEF TO MEMORIZE THE THINGS
ARE FOLLOW PREPROGRAMMED RUSEENS
BUT BY SEEING THINGS OR INSIGHTS
WHERE THEY WERE NOT THERE BEFORE
AND THIS IS WHAT A JAZZ MUSICIAN
IS DOING ON A MICROCOMP LEVEL
EVERY TIME THEY PLAY.
THEY'RE COMING UP WITH SOMETHING
NEW.
SO WE DON'T KNOW HOW THE BRAIN
GENERATES NEW IDEAS, THIS IS NOT
SOMETHING WE HAVE COMMAND OVER,
THIS IS NOT SOMETHING THAT
SCIENTIST VS SOLVED OR FIGURED
OUT YET AND PART OF THE WAY WE
WOULD BE ABLE TO HARNESS THAT IS
BY FIRST COMING UP WITH A
COMPREHENSIVE MODEL FOR
CREATIVITY.
THAT'S A HUGE TALL ORDER AND
SOMETHING I THINK WILL TAKE
YEARS AND YEARS AND DECADES AND
DECKATEDS OF STUDY CAN WHAT
SHOULD EMERGE THOUGH IS THAT WE
KNOW MORE ABOUT THE END OF THAT,
ABOUT HOW THE BRAIN COMES UP
WITH NEW IDEAS THAN WE DID IN
THE BEGINNING, WE CAN ACTUALLY
DESCRIBE THE NEURAL CIRCUITRY OF
IT CAN WE CAN DESCRIBE THINGS
THAT INHIBIT THAT CIRCUITRY AND
THINGS THAT FACILITATE THAT
CIRCUITRY AND IN THE END WE
SHOULD BE ABLE TO TAKE ADVANTAGE
OF THE CREATIVE POTENTIAL OF
HUMANITY SO TO ME THAT'S A REAL
REASON WHY THERE'S A KIND OF
CRON CRETE BENEFIT TO LOOKING AT
THESE QUESTIONS, AND NOW THERE'S
THE OTHER THING WHICH IS THE
KIND OF LATERAL THINKING ASPECT
OF THINGS THAT TAKE PLACE WHEN
YOU'RE IN THE ZONE, AND THIS IS
ANOTHER SOMETHING THAT WAS
IMPLIED, THERE'S VARIOUS WAYS OF
BEING IN THE ZONE IN ALL
DIFFERENT KINDS OF CREATIVITY,
SO THIS CONVERSATION IS CREATIVE
IN ITS OWN WAY, I WILL TELL YOU
AS AN AMATEUR CHEF WHEN I'M
COOKING, I FEEL LIKE IT'S OFTEN
VERY CREATIVE AND IT'S
INTERESTINGLY AS A SURGE, I WILL
TELL YOU SURGERY CAN FEEL VERY
CREATIVE.
OF COURSE I SAY WE LIMIT THE
CREATIVITY IN THE OPERATING
ROOM, WE GENERALLY HAVE A GOAL,
WE DON'T MAKE IT UP AS WE GBUT
YOU HAVE TO PROBLEM SOLVE AND
IMPROVISE ALL THE TIME.
THINGS COME UP.
FOR THOSE OF YOU THAT HAVE DONE,
YOU KNOW DIY HOME IMPROVEMENT
PROJECTS, WHAT'S THE FIRST THING
HA HAPPENS, SOMETHING YOU HAD NO
CLUE WAS GOING TO COME UP THAT
YOU'RE DEALING WITH, THAT'S THE
NATURE OF FIXING THINGS AND
SURGERY IS THE SAME THING,
SOMETHING COMES UP, WHOA, NOW I
GOTTA DEAL WITH THIS AND SO,
THIS CAPACITY, I THINK TO FLIP
YOUR MIND, BE IN THE ZONE WHERE
YOUR BRAIN IS OPERATING AT 8
DIFFERENT LEVEL THAN MOST DAILY
TASKS IS AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF
YOU HAD HUMANS FUNCTION AND THEN
I THINK AS A WAY TO GENERATE
GANNA, NEW KNOWLEDGE, IT'S KIND
OF A CORE ATTRIBUTE TO ME.
NOW SCIENTIFICALLY, MOST
SCIENTISTS ARE NOT STUDYING THIS
KIND OF DIVERGENT ABSTRACT
PROCESS THAT'S WHY IT'S HARD TO
PIN DOWN SCIENTIFICALLY AND
THAT'S WHY YOU NEED A SCIENTIFIC
EXPERIMENT THEY THINK REALLY
RESPECTS THE ART FORM, IT HAS TO
BE MUSICAL IN ITS ORIGIN, THIS
IS WHEN YOU NEED IT TO BE A
MUSIC EXPERIMENT TO GET THE
MUSIC OUT OF IT AND ALSO WHY YOU
NEED TO BE CAREFUL ABOUT WHAT
I'M JUST GOING TO CALL BAD
SCIENCE AND WHAT I MEAN BY THAT,
SURE, LOOK, YOU HAVE TO -- AS A
SCIENTIST YOU DO PLENTY OF BAD
SCIENCE TO BECOME A GOOD
SCIENTIST.
IT'S THE NATURE OF LEARNING THIS
STUFF.
IT'S HARD TO BE A GOOD
SCIENTIST.
IT'S NOT THE SAME AS THINKING
ABOUT SOMETHING, YOU HAVE TO BE
SYSTEMATIC, YOU HAVE TO
RECOGNIZE WHAT IT MEANS TO HAVE
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS, CONTROLS,
STAOF THEISTICAL ANALYSIS, YOU
HAVE TO REALIZE WHEN YOU DON'T
WANT TO BELIEVE YOUR OWN HYPE.
THERE'S A STORY TELLING ASPECT
TO SCIENCE THAT'S DIFFERENT THAN
WHAT THE RAW DATA ARE.
AND TO ME I WANT TO GO BACK TO
THE RAW DATA AND RECOGNIZE THERE
ARE DIFFERENT WAYS TO INTERPRET
AND EXTRACT MEANING OUT OF THIS
RAW DATA SO HOPEFULLY ALL OF
THIS WILL LEAD TO BOTH HIGHER
QUALITY SCIENCE, BETTER
QUESTIONS, BETTER INSIGHTS INTO
THIS FUNDAMENTAL PROCESS OF ART
MAKING.
>> WONDERFUL WAY TO PUT THIS
ALTOGETHER.
WELL WE ARE GOING TO TURN TO
JOSHUA NOW FOR A WONDERFUL WAY
TO WRAP UP WHAT HAS BEEN A
FASCINATING HOUR AND A HALF
TOGETHER HERE AND TO DO SO
MUSICALLY.
I GUESS, THINKING ABOUT THE
THINGS THAT WE'VE TALKED ABOUT,
IT'S REALLY CLEAR TO ME THAT
SCIENCE AND MUSIC BOTH SHARE IN
THIS NEED FOR CREATIVITY, THIS
APPRECIATION OF BEAUTY AS A
SCIENTIST, WE MAKE A DISCOVERY,
IT'S NOT JUST LIKE, AN EXCITING
FACT, IT'S ALSO SOMETIMES QUITE
BEAUTIFUL AND IN AWE, AWE THAT
IN FACT WE CAN EXPERIENCE SUCH
THINGS AS WHAT WE'RE ABOUT TO
WITH MUSIC BUT ALSO AWE THAT
WE'RE ABLE USING THE TOOLS OF
SCIENCE TO SEE THINGS ABOUT
CREATION THAT ARE BREATH TAKING.
SOME PEOPLE WORRY THAT SCIENCE
TAKES THE AWE OUT OF THEARS, I
SALD NOT AT ALL, THEY PUT THE
AWE IN A DIFFERENT CONTEXT THAT
EVEN ADDS FURTHER TO 1 SENSE OF
JOYFULNESS.
AND SO LET'S FINISH OFF OUR
REMARKABLE TIME HERE TOGETHER BY
ASKING JOSHUA TO PUT IT
ALTOGETHER WITH BEAUTY, WITH AWE
AND CREATIVITY AND IMPROVISATION
IN A WAY THAT WILL GIVE US ALL A
CHANCE HERE, ON A DAY WHERE
THINGS AREN'T NECESSARILY GOING
THE WAI WE WANT, TO JUST STEP
AWAY FROM ALL OF THAT FOR A
MOMENT AND EXPERIENCE THIS KIND
OF REMARKABLE SENSE THAT MUSIC
CAN PROVIDE BY THOSE VIBRATIONS
IN THE AIR -- SOMEHOW TRANSLATED
INTO THE ELECTRICAL SIGNALS IN
THE BRAIN THAT TOUCHES US DEEPLY
RIGHT IN THE CENTER OF WHO WE
ARE.
>> THANK YOU.
I HAVE 1 LAST PIECE TO SHARE
WITH YOU AND BEFORE I DO, I JUST
WANT TO SAY, THANK YOU FOR
HAVING ME ON, THIS IS A REAL
PLEASURE.
IT TICKLES SO MANY FANCYS I HAVE
FOR SCIENCE AND MEDICINE AND THE
ARTS TO BE ABLE TO IRPT INTERAH
YOU IS A REAL PLEASURE AND I
JUST WANT TO SHARE, BEFORE I
GIVE YOU THIS LAST PIECE OF
MUSIC, THAT MEANS A LOT TO ME,
KIND OF WHERE IT'S COMING FROM
WHICH IS THAT I -- YOU KNOW I'VE
BEEN DEALING WITH A HEALTH ISSUE
AND IT'S BEEN 4 YEARS AND IT'S
HARD, IT'S HARD TO TALK ABOUT
IT, IT'S HARD TO -- SOMETIMES
IT'S HARD TO ACCEPT IT,
SOMETIMES I FEEL LIKE I'M DOING
REALLY WELL WITH THAT AND WHEN
IT COMES TO MY MUSIC, I'M
CONSTANT LE ADJUSTING HOW I
NAVIGATE THIS, I'M A
PERFECTIONIST, I'M A
PERFORMER, OPENING UP IN THIS
WAY AND ALLOWING THINGS TO
HAPPEN WHICH FEELS NOW SO
CENTRAL TO WHAT I DO, THAT'S
BEING VULNERABLE AND THAT CAN
MEAN MISTAKES AND MISTAKES, I
WAS TAUGHT DO NOT BELONG ON
STAGE.
BUT I ALSO KNOW THAT THE
VULNERABILITY, THE OPENNESS THAT
ALLOWS FOR THINGS TO MOVE ME, TO
MOVE US, THAT'S WHERE IT REALLY
COMES TOGETHER AND SO NOW I'M
COMMITTED TO DOING THAT, TO
FOCUSING ON THAT AND THAT'S
WHERE I THINK FOR ME, THIS
SEARCH THAT I DO WITH MUSIC THAT
SOME OF US DO WITH SCIENCE,
WHEREVER IT IS, THERE'S
SOMETHING INHERENT ABOUT NOT
KNOWING ALL OF THE ANSWERS THAT
MAKE ITS WORTH IT, THAT MAKE ITS
BEAUTIFUL, THAT MAKES IT VERY
HUMAN AND THAT'S WHERE I WANT TO
LIVE.
SO I FEEL LIKE MORE THAN EVER,
TO ME NOW, MUSIC HAS BECOME AN
ART NOT OF PERFECTION BUT OF
HUMANITY.
SO HERE'S A SONG THAT I THINK
SAYS THAT ALL VERY WELL.
[♪ MUSIC ♪]
♪ I HEARD THERE'S A SECRET CHORD
THAT DAVID PLAYED IT PLEASED THE
LORD BUT YOU DON'T REALLY FOR
MUSIC, DO YOU ♪
♪ WELL IT GOES LIKE THIS, THE
FOURTH, THE FIFTH, THE MINOR 4
AND THE MAJOR LIFT AND THE
BAFFLED KING COMPOSING
HALLELUJAH ♪
♪ HALLELUJAH ♪
♪
♪ HALLELUJAH ♪
♪ YOUR FAITH WAS STRONG BUT YOU
NEEDED PROOF, SAW AND HEARD
MAYBE ON THE ROOF, IN THE
MOONLIGHT ROAMING THROUGH YOU ♪
♪ SHE TIED YOU TO HER KITCHEN
CHAIR, SHE BROKE AND CUT YOUR
HAIR AND FROM YOUR LIPS SHE DREW
THE HALLELUJAH ♪
♪ HALLELUJAH NOTE
♪ HALLELUJAH ♪
♪
♪ SAY THE NAME IN VEIN, I DON'T
EVEN KNOW THE NAME ♪
♪ BUT IF I DID, WELL, REALLY
WHAT'S IT TO YOU ♪
♪ THERE'S A PLACE OF LIGHT IN
EVERYONE, IT DOESN'T MATTER WHAT
YOU HEARD, OH HOLY FOR THE
BROKEN HALLELUJAH ♪
♪ HALLELUJAH ♪
♪ I DID MY BEST, IT WASN'T MUCH,
I COULDN'T FEEL SO I TRIED TO
TOUCH ♪
♪ I TOLD THE TRUTH, IT DIDN'T
COME TO FOOL YA NOTE
YA ♪
♪ AND EACH THOUGH IT ALL WENT
WRONG I'LL STAND BEFORE THE LORD
OF SONG WITH NOTHING ON MY
TONGUE HALLELUJAH ♪
JOIN ME WHEREVER
♪ HALLELUJAH ♪
YOU ARE ...
♪ HALLELUJAH ♪
NTHANK --
>> THANK YOU.
THAT WAS EXQUISITE.
>> JOSHUA ROMAN AND CHARLES LIMB
YOU HAVE REALLY GIIVE US A GIFT
OF YOUR MIND AS WELL AS YOUR
SPIRIT AS WELL AS YOUR SCIENCE
AND YOUR ART.
WE ARE GRATEFUL TO YOU BOTH.
THANK YOU TO THE HUNDREDS OF
PEOPLE WHO TUNED IN TO HEAR THIS
CONVERSATION.
THANK YOU AGAIN TO WIN WHO
STARTED THIS WHOLE DEMYSTIFYING
MEDICINE THING.
I HOPE WE'VE LIVED UP TO YOUR
STANDARDS OF BUILDING A BRIDGE
AND ENCOURAGING A LOT OF PEOPLE
TO WALK ACROSS IT BECAUSE IT
DOES SEEM TO BE -- YOU COULDN'T
LISTEN TO THIS HOUR AND A HALF
AND NOT FEEL LIKE SCIENCE AND
THE ARTS HAVE A LOT TO SAY TO
EACH OTHER AND IT'S ALL GOOD.
>> BRAVO, BRAVO.
>> THANK YOU EVERYBODY.
>> THANK YOU FRANCIS, THANK YOU
JOSHUA.
THANK YOU WIN.
>> YES, THANK YOU EVERYONE.