THIS MEETING OF THE NIH COUNCIL OF COUNCILS IS IN SESSION AND IT'S REALLY A PLEASURE TO BE HERE WITH YOU FOR THE DAY I ALSO WANT TO JUST STEP ASIDE, I KNOW ALL OF YOU FOLKS ARE VERY BUSY, YOU HAVE OTHER THINGS TO DO, YOU DIDN'T HAVE TO BE ON THIS COUNCIL SO I JUST WANT TO RECOGNIZE HOW MUCH WE APPRECIATE THIS SERVICE THAT YOU GIVE FOR THE BIOMEDICAL COMMUNITY, ESPECIALLY FOR OUR DIVISION WHICH IS YOUR MAJOR FOCUS. IT'S GREAT TO SEE ALL OF YOU. I JUST WANT TO POINT OUT THAT DRS. HEARN AND JOHNSON MIGHT BE ON THE PHONE SO LET ME CONFIRM THAT, IF THEY'RE ON. >> GOOD MORNING. >> AND THIS IS PAUL JOHNSON. >> THANK YOU. AND DR. M UH-UH TON IS UNABLE TO ATTEND DUE TO OTHER COMMITMENTS AND I WANT TO LET YOU KNOW WE HAD A MEMBER STEP OFF, DR. OLIGAYLAY. WE STARTED TO APPOINT HIM WHEN HE WAS AT AN ACADEMIC INSTITUTION AND HE MOVED TO THE V.A. THERE WAS AN ISSUE WE WENT THROUGH WITH THE LEGAL DEPARTMENT FOR QUITE SOME TIME AND IT WAS DETERMINED HE WAS NOT ELIGIBLE TO CONTINUE ON THE COUNCIL SO HE WILL STEP OFF AND I'D ASK FOR NOMINATIONS FROM WALTER KOROSHETZ AT NINDS SO YOU'LL HAVE ANOTHER MEMBER REPRESENTING NINDS, I THINK BY A YEAR FROM NOW. OKAY. SO AS WE ALWAYS DO, BECAUSE THIS IS -- THERE'S A WEBINAR AND A TRANSCRIPT, LET'S PLEASE GO AROUND THE TABLE, INTRODUCE YOURSELF, YOUR INSTITUTION, AND ALSO WHETHER YOU ARE ON OR HAVE BEEN ON AN INSTITUTE COUNCIL. SOME OF YOU HAVE -- >> GOOD MORNING, [INAUDIBLE] PEDIATRICIAN -- >> THANK YOU. GOOD MORNING, KEVIN JOHNSON, PEDIATRICIAN, CHAIR OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS AND VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER AND I HAVE SERVED ON THE NCRR COUNCIL YEARS AGO. >> GOOD MORNING, PROFESSOR OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO AND SERVED ON THE NIH ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MINORITY HEALTH AND HEALTH DISPARITIES. >> SUSAN -- PROFESSOR OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA. I HAVE NOT SERVED ON ANY COUNCIL BEFORE. >> MICHAEL -- UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS, SCHOOL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, AND PREVIOUSLY ON MULTIPLE NCRR COUNCILS AND FUNDED FROM NCI. >> PAUL KINNEY, CHAIR IN THE DEPARTMENT OF NEUROSCIENCE, MOUNT SINAI, ROTATE ON TO NIDA COUNCIL. >> HI, I'M LINDA CHANG FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, I'M A NEUROLOGIST, CLINICIAN SCIENTIST AND I CURRENTLY SERVE ON THE NIDA COUNCIL AS WELL. THANK YOU. >> -- WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, EPIDEMIOLOGIST, AND I CURRENTLY SERVE ON THE NCI BOARD OF SCIENTIFIC ADVISORS. >> HI, ANNA MARIA SIGARESE, NOW AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHURST, THE DEAN'S SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND HEALTH SCIENCES, AND I'VE SERVED ON NHLBI COUNCIL. >> ANDY FEINBERG, BLOOMBERG DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR OF EPIGENETICS AT JOHNS HOPKINS IN THE SCHOOLS OF MEDICINE, PUBLIC HEALTH AND ENGINEERING. AND I WAS PREVIOUSLY ON THE NIEHS COUNCIL. >> GOOD MORNING. I'M EDITH MITCHELL. I'M A MEDICAL ONCOLOGIST AT THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY IN PHILADELPHIA, WHERE I HEAD THE CENTER TO ELIMINATE CANCER DISPARITIES, AND I'M ONE OF THE ASSOCIATE DIRECTORS OF THE SYDNEY KIMMEL -- AND JEFFERSON. >> MORNING. I'M SCOUT, I'M THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL LGBT CANCER NETWORK, I SEEM TO SPECIALIZE IN LOTS OF WORK GROUPS. >> JEFF -- UNIVERSITY OF UTAH, PEDIATRICIAN AND BIOETHICIST AND CURRENTLY SERVING ON THE GENOME INSTITUTE COUNCIL. >> I'M GARY KORETZKY, PROFESSOR OF MEDICINALITY WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE, VICE PROVOST AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY I'VE SERVED ON THE BSC AND ALSO THE COUNCIL FOR NIAMS. >> RICK HORWITZ, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR -- IN SEATTLE, I WAS ON THE NIGMS COUNCIL. >> GOOD MORNING. RHONDA -- CHIEF MEDICAL AFFAIRS OFFICER FROM BLUE CROSS OF IDAHO, AND I'VE ALSO SERVED ON THE NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR MENTAL HEALTH. >> GOOD MORNING. I'M J.D. LEE FROM -- UNIVERSITY, INSTITUTE FOR BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES, I SERVED PREVIOUSLY ON -- COUNCIL. CURRENTLY SERVING ON THE -- SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD. >> I'M JEAN SCHAEFER FROM THE JOS LIN DIABETES CENTER HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL AND I PREVIOUSLY SERVED ON THE NIDDK COUNCIL. >> HI -- ANESTHESIOLOGIST AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, PREVIOUSLY ON THE ALL-OF-US ADVISORY PANEL. >> HI, I'M KRISTIN ODDLY, I WORK IN HUMAN GENETICS AT THE BROAD INSTITUTE. I HAVE NOT SERVED ON A PREVIOUS COUNCIL. >> GOOD MORNING. I'M TERRY MAGNUSON, VICE CHANCELLOR FOR RESEARCH AT UNC CHAPEL HILL. I'VE BEEN A MEMBER AT LARGE BUT I'M ON THE ALL-OF-US ADVISORY COUNCIL. >> GOOD MORNING, EVERYBODY. DIRECTOR OF OR REIN DPCPSI AND ALSO SERVE AS EXECUTIVE SECRETARY TO THIS COUNCIL. >> THANK YOU ALL VERY MUCH. CAN WE HEAR FROM PATTI AND THEN PAUL? >> SURE, GOOD MORNING THE I'M PATTI HEARN, NEUROSIGN TITION AND STROKE RESEARCHER, CURRENTLY THE DEAN OF NURSING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AND I HAVE NOT BEEN ON A COUNCIL FOR A NUMBER OF YEARS. >> GOOD MORNING, EVERYBODY. I'M PAUL JOHNSON AT EMORY UNIVERSITY, PRIMATE RESEARCH CENTER. I HAVE NOT BEEN AFFILIATED WITH AN NIH COUNCIL BUT BEEN AFFILIATED -- THROUGH THE NATIONAL PRIMATE RESEARCH CENTER SYSTEM. >> THANK YOU ALL. AS YOU KNOW, THE DIRECTORS OF OUR DPCPSI OFFICES SERVE AS NON-VOTING LIAISONS TO THE COUNCIL AND IF A DIRECTOR IS NOT ABLE TO ATTEND, THEY CAN APPOINT THEIR DEPUTY OR ANOTHER DELEGATE. SO I'D LIKE TO HAVE THEM INTRODUCE THEMSELVES AND WE'LL START WITH BETSY. OR WE'LL START WITH KAREN. THAT'S WHERE THE MIC IS. >> HI, KAREN PARKER, DIRECTOR OF THE SEXUAL AND GENERAL DI MINORITY RESEARCH AND GENDER MINORITY RESEARCH OFFICE. >> DAVE WILSON, DIRECT ARE TO OF THE TRIBAL HEALTH RESEARCH OFFICE. >> [INAUDIBLE] >> AND OTHERS ARE NOT ABLE TO ATTEND. SO BEFORE WE GET STARTED, I JUST WANT TO AS I ALREADY HAVE REMIND FOLKS THAT TODAY'S SESSIONS ARE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC, THEY'RE WEBCAST, MEMBERS OF THE PRESS TYPICALLY ARE FOLLOWING WHAT'S HAPPENING TODAY, SO WE ALSO -- THE TEXT IS TRANSCRIBED AND RECORDED AND SO IT'S IMPORTANT THAT YOU IDENTIFY YOURSELVES WHEN YOU TURN ON YOUR MIC AND TURN IT OFF WHEN YOU'RE DONE. IT CAN ONLY TAKE A CERTAIN NUMBER OF "ON" POSITIONS AT A TIME. SO I'M GOING TO HAND IT OVER TO OUR CAPABLE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, FRANZISKA, TO WALK THROUGH SOME OF TODAY'S -- HOW WE'LL RUN THE MEETING. >> THANK YOU, JIM. MEETING MATERIAL FOR TODAY'S SESSION ARE INCLUDED IN YOUR BINDERS. I WANT TO POINT OUT THAT ON THE AGENDA, THERE WAS A LITTLE CHANGE. YOU MAY HAVE THE NEW AGENDA IN YOUR BINDERS IN THE AFTERNOON, WE CHANGED THE TWO INITIATIVES FROM THE COMMON FUND AND THE DISCUSSION OF THE WORKING GROUP AROUND SO WE START WITH INITIATIVES AND THEN COVER THE WORKING GROUP. ADDITIONAL MATERIALS ARE AT THE TABLE AT THE ENTRANCE AND SO OTHER ATTENDEES OTHER THAN THE COUNCILMEMBER CAN PICK UP COPIES THERE. AS MEMBERS OF THIS COMMITTEE, YOU ARE SPECIAL GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES AND ARE, THEREFORE, SUBJECT TO THE RULES OF CONDUCT THAT APPLY TO FEDERAL EMPLOYEES. THESE RULES AND REGULATIONS ARE EXPLAINED IN A REPORT ENTITLED STANDARDS OF ETHICAL CONDUCT FOR EMPLOYEES OF THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH WHICH YOU RECEIVED WHEN YOU WERE FIRST APPOINTED TO THE COUNCIL. AT EVERY MEETING IN ADDITION TO REMINDING YOU OF THE IMPORTANCE OF FOLLOWING THE ETHICS RULES, WE ALSO LIKE TO REVIEW THE STEPS THAT WE TAKE AND ASK YOU TO TAKE TO ENSURE THAT ANY CONFLICT OF INTEREST BETWEEN YOUR PUBLIC RESPONSIBILITIES AND YOUR PRIVATE INTERESTS AND ACTIVITIES ARE IDENTIFIED AND ADDRESSED. AS YOU KNOW BEFORE EACH MEETING, YOU PROVIDE US WITH INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR PERSONAL, PROFESSIONAL AND FINANCIAL INTERESTS. WE USE THIS INFORMATION AS A BASIS FOR ASSESSING WHETHER YOU HAVE ANY REAL POTENTIAL OR APPARENT CONFLICT OF INTEREST THAT WOULD COMPROMISE YOUR ABILITY TO BE OBJECTIVE IN GIVING ADVICE DURING COUNCIL MEETINGS. IF SUCH CONFLICTS ARE IDENTIFIED, WE HAVE TWO CHOICES, WE EITHER ISSUE A WAIVER OR WE RECUSE YOU OF A PARTICULAR PORTION OF THE MEETING. WE ALSO RELY A GREAT -- TO A GREAT DEGREE ON YOU TO BE ATTENTIVE DURING THE MEETING TO THE POSSIBILITY THAT AN ISSUE ARISES THAT COULD AFFECT OR APPEAR TO AFFECT YOUR INTERESTS IN A CERTAIN ISSUE. IF THAT HAPPENS, WE ASK YOU TO RECUSE YOURSELF FROM THAT DISCUSSION. ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS SO FAR? OKAY. SO AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE CLOSED SESSION, WHICH IS TODAY FROM 12:00 TO 12:45, YOUR SIGNATURE ON THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST CERTIFICATION SHEET, NICE NAME, THAT'S THE FORM IN THAT YELLOW FOLDER IN FRONT OF YOU, THAT YOUR SIGNATURE WILL DOCUMENT YOUR LACK OF CONFLICT WITH ANY OF THE APPLICATIONS THAT WERE RAISED FOR INDIVIDUAL DISCUSSION, ANY DISCUSSION EN BLOC, YOU CAN BE IN THE ROOM AND THERE IS NO CONFLICT. YOUR SIGNATURE ALSO WILL DOCUMENT YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF ALL THE RULES AND YOUR AGREEMENT WITH THOSE RULES. IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS ABOUT RULES OF CONDUCT AND CONFLICT OF INTEREST, YOUR COMMITTEE MANAGEMENT SPECIALISTS -- SHEARY WHO SITS OVER THERE OR I AM HAPPY TO ADDRESS THEM IF YOU COME AND ASK US. AT THE SAME TIME, I'M ALSO GOING TO INTRODUCE THE LOGISTICS CONTRACTOR FOR THE COUNCIL OF COUNCILS. IT'S A SCIENTIFIC CONSULTANT GROUP OR SCG, DENISE HOFFMAN. OF COURSE ALL OF YOU KNOW DENISE BECAUSE SHE HELPS WITH ALL YOUR ARRANGEMENTS, IS HERE IN YOUR PRIMARY CONTACT -- ASSISTED BY JOHN HERR AND ELIZABETH JOHNSON. SO IF YOU NEED ANYTHING DURING THE DAY, PLEASE GO TO THE TABLE UP FRONT AND EITHER JOHN OR ELIZABETH'S -- WILL BE SITTING THERE, I'M TALKING ABOUT THINGS LIKE PATSY ARRANGEMENTS AND SUCH. TIME IS ALLOTTED ON THE AGENDA FOR DISCUSSIONS BETWEEN COUNCIL AND THE SPEAKERS AND ANY NIH STAFF THAT THEY WOULD LIKE TO ADDRESS. HOWEVER, THERE IS LIMITED TIME FOR ANY OTHER COMMENTS FROM ATTENDEES, THE PUBLIC IS WELCOME TO SUBMIT COMMENTS IN WRITING AFTER THE MEETING INSTRUCTIONS FOR DOING SO IS INCLUDED IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER OF NOTICE THAT WAS PUBLISHED ORIGINALLY ON FEBRUARY 8TH AND THEN UPDATED ON AUGUST 27TH. APPROVED MINUTES, I ALWAYS LIKE TO REMIND EVERYBODY, ARE POSTED ON THE DPCPSI WEBSITE. THIS IS THE LAST MEETING FOR THIS YEAR. WE HAVE THREE MEETINGS NEXT YEAR. I HOPE THOSE DATES ARE ALL MARKED AND ETCHED INTO YOUR CALENDARS. THEY ARE JANUARY 24, MAY 15 AND SEPTEMBER 11. THEY ARE ALSO ALWAYS INCLUDED ON THE BACK OF THE AGENDA AND ON OUR WEBSITE. JIM ALREADY COVERED THE MICROPHONE, I ALREADY TALKED ABOUT ASSISTANCE. I WANT TO GIVE YOU A PREVIEW& WHAT I ALREADY MENTIONED THAT THE CLOSED SESSION TODAY IS FROM 12:00 TO 12:45 TO CONDUCT THE SECOND LEVEL REVIEW, IN ACCORDANCE WITH FEDERAL RULES, NIH AND NIH ATTENDEES ARE PERMITTED IN THE ROOM AND OTHER STAFF OR OTHER GUESTS NEED TO LEAVE. THE OPEN SESSION WILL RESUME AT 12:45 AND I ASK EVERYBODY TO COME BACK AT THAT TIME. SO WITH THAT I'LL TURN IT BACK OVER TO JIM. >> THANKS VERY MUCH. AS WE ALWAYS DO, WE'RE GOING TO HAVE A BUSY AGENDA TODAY. THE TOPICS ARE LISTED ON THE SLIDE HERE. I'LL GO THROUGH SOME JUST HIGHLIGHT SOME OF THE THINGS I WANT YOU TO PAY CLOSE ATTENTION TO TODAY. MUCH OF OUR ACTIVITY WILL FOCUS ON CONCEPT CLEARANCES, AND I'M GOING TO START OFF WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE CHANGES OF OUR COUNCIL OPERATING PROCEDURE THAT WERE SENT TO YOU FOR REVIEW AND WE'RE GOING TO GO THROUGH THAT AND ASK FOR YOUR VOTE TO RENEW THEM FOR THE FOLLOWING YEAR. THESE CHANGES WERE NEEDED IN OUR OPERATING PROCEDURES TO GET THEM IN ALIGNMENT WITH THEADVISED NIH POLICY, OPPORTUNITY FOR FUNDING ANNOUNCEMENTS. AGAIN, THIS WAS SOMETHING THAT WE NEEDED TO DO, PAY CLOSER ATTENTION TO TRANSPARENCY ABOUT CLEARANCES BECAUSE OF THAT MOCK TRIAL ISSUE THAT I BROUGHT TO YOU AT THE LAST MEETING. SO THAT'S -- WE HAVE GONE THROUGH WHAT EACH COUNCIL DOES, WHAT THE INSTITUTE DOES, AND ALIGN THE POLICIES FOR NIH, SO OURS ARE GOING TO BE ALIGNED WITH THAT CENTRAL POLICY. WE'RE ALSO GOING TO HEAR FROM FRANCIS TODAY, AND IF YOU'VE SEEN HIS SLIDES, IT IS CHOCK FULL OF REALLY INTERESTING THINGS. SO THAT WILL BE A GREAT PRESENTATION. HE'S GOING TO BE HERE FOR QUESTIONS TOO. WE'RE THEN GOING TO HAVE SEVERAL CONCEPT CLEARANCES FROM ORIP, AND WE'LL GET TO THEM, I WON'T READ IT, THEN THE CLOSED SESSION FOR GRANT REVIEW, YOU'LL PICK UP YOUR LUNCHES BEFORE THAT, AND THEN WE MORE OFTEN HAVE PRESENTATIONS FROM ORIP ON CONCEPT CLEARANCE BUT WE HAVE QUITE A NUMBER FROM THE COMMON FUND TOO. THESE WILL BE FUN, THEY'RE DIFFERENT. TWO OF THEM ARE NEW PROGRAMS THAT WE WILL POTENTIALLY START IN FISCAL YEAR '21. TESE ARE CONCEPTS THAT HAVE COME FROM WORKSHOPS, FROM INPUT FROM OUR INTRAMURAL OR -- I'M SORRY, OUR NIH STAFF IDEAS, WE HAD SEVERAL WEBINARS WITH JOURNAL EDITORS LAST YEAR TO ASK THEM WHAT MIGHT BE GOOD TOPICS FOR COMMON FUND PROGRAMS, AND WE CAME UP WITH A SET OF POSSIBILITIES, DISCUSSED THEM INTERNALLY, PRESENTED THEM TO FRANCIS, THE INSTITUTE DIRECTORS, AND THEY'VE ENDORSED A SHORTER LIST OF PROGRAMS THAT THEY WOULD LIKE YOU TO CONSIDER FOR CLEARING. SO ONE OF THEM HAS TO DO WITH EXPANDING MAKING THE MOST OF OR THEY CALL IT HARNESSING DATA SCIENCE FOR DISCOVERY IN AFRICA. SO ROGER GLASS, WHO'S THE DIRECTOR OF THE FOGARTY INSTITUTE, IS GOING TO PRESENT THAT WITH BRUCE TRAWMBURG, THE HEAD OF NINDS WHO'S PARTICULARLY INTERESTED IN THE TECHNOLOGY ASPECT. WE'RE ALSO GOING TO HEAR WHO I THINK IS A FASCINATING PREB TAITION FROM BETSY ON A NEW CONCEPT FOR A DATA SCIENCE ECOSYSTEM THAT WOULD TIE TOGETHER THE DATA PLATFORMS USED FOR MULTIPLE COMMON FUND PROGRAMS SO THAT WE CAN LINK AND USE DATA FROM DIFFERENT PROGRAMS TOGETHER. KIND OF A REALIZATION OF WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO DO NIH-WIDE WITH OUR DATA, IMPROVE -- MAKING IT MORE FAIR. THE NEXT TOPIC IS A LITTLE UNUSUAL. WE HAVE A WORKING GROUP EVERY OTHER YEAR PERHAPS SO WE'RE GOING TO ASK FOR YOUR APPROVAL COUNCIL THAT WILL PROVIDE RECOMMENDATIONS ON A SEQUENCE RESOURCE CALLED THE SEQUENCE READ ARCHIVE THAT NCBI HAS MAINTAINED WHICH IS MASSIVE AMOUNT OF DIRECT READS FROM NEXT GEN SEQUENCING. AND THE THING THAT WE'RE FACING IS THAT THE GROWTH IS EXPANDING EXPONENTIALLY. I THINK SUSAN WILL PROBABLY SHOW YOU A GRAPH. AND WITH THAT IS AN EXPANSION IN THE COST. SO ONE OF THE THINGS WE HAVE TO DEAL WITH, ALL OF US, IS THE COST OF OUR DATA STORAGE AND MANAGEMENT IN THE FUTURE. SO THIS GROUP IS GOING TO BE ASKED TO LOOK AT WHAT TECHNICAL ISSUES CAN WE ADDRESS THAT WILL BRING DOWN THE COST OF OUR LONG TERM STORAGE AND USE. WE'RE GOING TO HAVE A COUPLE OF MORE CONCEPT CLEARANCES FROM THE COMMON FUND AND THESE ARE NEW, THESE ARE FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES. ONE IS TO EXPAND SOME ACTIVITIES WITHIN OUR CURRENT SPARC PROGRAM, AND THE NEXT IS TO REISSUE A FUNDING OPPORTUNITY FROM OUR HUBMAP. SO WE'LL GO THROUGH ALL THAT. WE'RE GOING TO END THE DAY WITH AN UPDATE FROM THE ALL-OF-US RESEARCH PROGRAM, WHICH IS -- SEVERAL OF YOU ARE INVOLVED IN THAT AS ADVISORS. IT'S AN AMAZING PROGRAM AND IT'S HEADED TO RECRUIT A MILLION PARTICIPANTS WITHIN A COUPLE OF YEARS. SO LET'S FIRST DEAL WITH OUR CHANGES TO OUR OPERATING PROCEDURES. I THINK I'M GOING TO GO UP TO THE FRONT, IT WILL BE EASIER FOR ME. OKAY. SO THIS IS SOMETHING WE DO EVERY YEAR. IT'S TO RENEW THE PROCEDURES THAT WE USE FOR OPERATING THE COUNCIL OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN YOU AND NIH AND WHAT OUR COUNCIL DOES AND HOW IT DOES IT. SO THIS IS AN AGREEMENT SO WE CAN RUN OUR MEETING SMOOTHLY AND YOU CAN PREPARE FOR THE MEETINGS. IT'S ALIGNED WITH GENERAL NIH POLICY, EACH COUNCIL HAS SLIGHT ADAPTATIONS FOR THEIR PARTICULAR NEEDS, SO AS I SAID, WE DID NEED TO ADD A SIGNIFICANT PORTION THIS YEAR THAT ADDRESSES ALIGNMENT WITH THE CONCEPT CLEARANCE ISSUES THAT I TALKED ABOUT. SO THERE'S TWO THINGS WE'RE GOING TO GO THROUGH. THE FIRST, WE'RE NOT GOING TO GO THROUGH, I HOPE, WHICH IS OUR 10-PAGE TEXT OF THE OPERATING PROCEDURES. WE SENT THIS TO YOU BEFORE. IT HAS TWO KINDS OF CHANGES IN IT. ONE ARE ANY CHANGES IN RED, THE MINOR CORRECTIONS THAT WERE ERRORS, CLARIFICATIONS AND EDITS ARE IN RED, THEY'RE JUST LITTLE ADDITIONS, BUT THE NEW SECTION IS PAGE 7 TO 10 THAT DEALS WITH CONCEPT CLEARANCE THAT WE'VE JUST TAKEN OUT WHAT WAS THERE AND REWROTE IT AND PUT IT IN. SO WHAT WE'LL DO IS WE'LL START WITH THE MORE DETAILED LARGER SECTION ON CONCEPT CLEARANCE. YOU HAVE THE TEXT BUT I'M GOING TO HIGHLIGHT WHAT'S DIFFERENT ON THESE SLIDES, AND WE'LL WALK THROUGH IT. SOME OF IT, I'LL EVEN READ, AND THEN IF YOU WANT, WE CAN GO THROUGH THE MINOR EDITS. LET'S SEE HOW MUCH TIME WE HAVE. I THINK WE'LL HAVE PLENTY. SO WE'LL DO IT THAT WAY. SO FIRST THE SIGNIFICANT CHANGES AND THESE ARE ON PAGES 7 TO 10, THESE WERE REQUIRED BECAUSE OF THE EXPANDED EFFORT FOR TRANSPARENCY AND DETAIL OF OUR CONCEPT CLEARANCE. SO STARTING ON PAGE 7 TO 10, 1ST WHAT IS A CONCEPT CLEARANCE? THAT'S IN THE OPERATING PROCEDURES BUT IT'S A PUBLIC OPPORTUNITY TO PRESENT AN INTENT OF NIH TO SPEND DOLLARS ON AN IDEA OR A PROGRAM. THE EXACT DESCRIPTION OF THE CONCEPT CAN BE A GENERAL AREA OR IT CAN BE VERY SPECIFIC LIKE A SET OF R01s AND THIS IS THE AMOUNT OF MONEY. SO THEY COME IN DIFFERENT VARIETIES BUT THERE ARE WAYS TO ENSURE THAT THERE'S PUBLIC INPUT ON HOW NIH IS DIRECTING FUNDS FOR RESEARCH. IT'S SOMETIMES DONE IN A VERY PUBLIC SETTING WITH THOUGHTS OF INPUT AND MEETINGS BUT IT'S MOST OFTEN DONE AT A FACA ADVISORY COUNCIL LIKE THIS. SO THAT'S WHY YOU'RE BEING ASKED TO REVIEW WHAT WE INTEND TO FUND AND PRESENT IT AS CONCEPT CLEARANCES. THE GENERAL TERMS FOR FUNDING OPPORTUNITY ANNOUNCEMENTS SO THE ISSUE BEFORE WAS THAT THE REQUIREMENT WAS THAT RFAs OR REQUESTS FOR APPLICATIONS WERE THE THINGS REQUIRED TO BE BROUGHT TO COUNCIL. THESE ARE TYPICALLY SCIENTIFICALLY NARROW TOPICS AND THEY HAVE A DEFINED -- THERE'S AN INTENT ALREADY TO PUT A CERTAIN NUMBER OF DOLLARS ON IF THERE ARE APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS. WE'RE EXPANDING TO OTHER TYPES, TYPES WHERE WE MIGHT FUND IF GOOD APPLICATIONS COME IN OR JUST A DESCRIPTION OF THE GENERAL AREA THAT'S OF INTEREST, OR APPLICATIONS LIKE PARs, WHICH HAVE SPECIFIC RECEIPT DATES AND CHARACTERISTICS THAT ARE DIFFERENT ABOUT HOW THEY'LL BE REVIEWED. IT'S A WHOLE BUCKET OF THINGS. THE BOTTOM LINE IS YOU'RE GOING TO SEE MORE CONCEPT CLEARANCES AND WE HOPE IT'S NOT CONFUSING SO WE'VE WORKED OUT A SET OF PROCESSES TO TRY AND MAKE IT REALLY STREAMLINED AND SIMPLE FOR WHAT WE'RE PRESENTING TO YOU. SO THE FIRST THING, YOU'LL ALWAYS RECEIVE A WRITTEN DESCRIPTION OF THE CONCEPT CLEARANCE AHEAD OF TIME. THIS HAS THE DETAILS SO I'D ASK YOU TO PLEASE GO THROUGH THAT BEFORE THE MEETING CAREFULLY AND GENERATE ANY QUESTIONS OR CONCERNS THAT YOU HAVE AND BRING THEM TO THE MEETING. THAT AT THE MEETING ITSELF, WE'LL HAVE A PROGRAM OFFICER PRESENT THE CONCEPT USING A SET OF SLIDES, BUT THESE WILL BE SIMPLIFIED. IT'S NOT THE LONG TEXT, IT WILL JUST TAKE YOU THROUGH THE HIGHLIGHTS AND FACILITATE A DISCUSSION. WE'VE ALSO -- WE'RE GOING TO PRESENT THIS, I HOPE YOU DON'T THINK THIS IS OVERKILL, BUT TO REDUCE CONFUSION, WE'RE GOING TO USE A COMMON SLIDE TEMPLATE. WHICH IS MORE OR LESS FILL IN THE BLANK. THIS IS A RENEWAL, THIS IS A REISSUE, THIS IS A NEW PROGRAM. SO IT'S VERY, VERY CLEAR WHAT WE'RE PRESENTING TO YOU. OKAY. SO LET ME JUST MAKE SURE THAT I'VE COVERED THESE POINTS. NIH UPDATED ITS CONCEPT CLEARANCE POLICY, A BROADER RANGE OF GRANT FUNDING OPPORTUNITY ANNOUNCEMENTS, FORMERLY IT WAS LIMITED TO REQUEST FOR APPLICATIONS. THIS NECESSITATED MANY CHANGES, WE BASICALLY REPLACED PAGES 7 TO 10 IN YOUR POLICIES. AND ADDED DEFINITIONS OF CONCEPTS, MADE IT VERY CLEAR WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A RE-ISSUE OR WHERE WE'RE BRINGING BACK A PROGRAM AND ASKING YOU TO APPROVE TO BE FUNDED AGAIN OR A NEW PROGRAM WHICH IS AN ENTIRELY NEW CONCEPT OBVIOUSLY. THAT'S ALL COVERED ON PAGE 8. SO MORE SPECIFICALLY, AS WE TYPICALLY DO, WE SEND YOU WRITTEN MATERIALS FOR THE COUNCIL MEETING ABOUT TWO WEEKS AHEAD OF TIME, WE'RE GOING TO SEND YOU THE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE CONCEPTS ALONG WITH THAT PACKAGE OF INFORMATION. A PROGRAM OFFICER WHO'S INVOLVED IN THE PROGRAM WILL MAKE A PRESENTATION OF THE CONCEPT TO YOU AND LEAD WITH THE REST OF US A DISCUSSION. WE ASK A COUPLE COUNCILMEMBERS AHEAD OF TIME TO BE DISCUSSANTS SO THEY'RE ASKED TO PAY REALLY CLOSE ATTENTION, MAYBE EVEN DO SOME BACKGROUND HOMEWORK ON THE CONCEPT AND COME ABLE TO DESCRIBE THE CONCEPT TO THEIR FELLOW COUNCILMEMBERS AND THEN MAKE A RECOMMENDATION ON WHAT TO DO ABOUT THE CONCEPT. AND THE DIFFERENT OUTCOMES CAN BE WE'LL TAKE A VOTE, AND YOU CAN RECOMMEND THAT THE CONCEPT BE CLEARED AS IT'S PRESENTED TO YOU. IF YOU HAVE CONCERNS ABOUT SOMETHING OR YOU THINK THERE'S MORE IMPACT CAN OCCUR IF WE DID SOMETHING, YOU CAN ASK FOR MODIFICATIONS AND WE WOULD VOTE THAT THE MODIFICATIONS BE INCLUDED. IF THERE'S A CONCEPT THAT'S NOT CLEAR OR READY BUT YOU SEE THERE'S PROBABLY SOME MERIT THERE, YOU CAN VOTE TO DEFER, AND WE'LL BRING IT BACK AT THE NEXT MEETING OR THE ONE AFTER WHENEVER IT'S READY. AND YOU CAN ALSO OF COURSE DISAPPROVE A CONCEPT. MEANING THAT YOU THINK IT'S JUST OUTSIDE OF THE MISSION OF DPCPSI OFFICES OR IT HAS NO IMPACT OR IT'S NOT A TOPIC APPROPRIATE FOR NIH, FOR EXAMPLE. SO THEN TO BE MORE EXPLICIT WITH REISSUANCES, A REISSUANCE OF A FUNDING OPPORTUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT, THE PROGRAM STAFF WILL PROVIDE A SHORT INTRODUCTION REGARDING THE PROGRAM FUNDED BY THE FOE WA PREVIOUSLY AND DESCRIBE HOW THE PROGRAM SUPPORTS THE NIH AND INDIVIDUAL OFFICE MISSIONS, IDENTIFY POTENTIAL PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS, ACCOMPLISHMENTS OR IF POSSIBLE OTHER METRICS THAT DEMONSTRATE THE IMPACT OF THE PROGRAM, AND DESCRIBE, IN OTHER WORDS, WHY WE THINK IT'S NECESSARY TO CONTINUE THE PROGRAM. THIS IS IN RESPONSE TO A REQUEST FROM ONE OF YOU LAST TIME TO BRING SOME METRICS ABOUT A REISSUANCE, LIKE WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF THAT PROGRAM. WERE THERE ANY AWARDS MADE? WHAT WERE THE IMPACT OF THE PUBLICATIONS? THAT SORT OF THING. DID IT CHANGE THE NEEDLE. SO WE WILL INCLUDE THAT AS PART OF THE PRESENTATIONS. IF AN EXISTING PROGRAM PRESENTED FOR REISSUANCE IS JUDGED BY THE COUNCIL TO HAVE FAILED TO& ACHIEVE THE STATED GOAL FOR THE PROGRAM, OR TO BE INCONSISTENT WITH THE GOALS AND MISSION OF NIH OR THE INDIVIDUAL OFFICE, THE COUNCIL MAY OUTLINE WHAT INFORMATION IS MISSING OR WHAT ADDITIONAL INFORMATION WOULD BE NEEDED FOR THE COUNCIL TO CONSIDER APPROVING THE CONCEPT FOR THE REISSUE. AND IF IT'S CLEAR WHAT YOU'RE ASKING FOR AND WE CAN CLEARLY DO THAT, THEN WE WE'LL BRING IT BACK FOR YOU TO APPROVE. FEEL FREE TO MAKE COMMENTS AS WE GO THROUGH IF YOU WOULD. SO THAT'S HOW WE'RE GOING TO MAKE -- >> CAN I JUST ASK, MANY OF THESE CONCEPTS THEY COME OUT, THEY'RE APPROVED, THERE'S A PERIOD OF TIME AND THEN THERE'S A REISSUANCE. DO ALL GET -- IF THE INITIAL NOTION WAS THAT IT WOULD HAPPEN OVER TIME, DO THEY ALL COME TO US AND DO ANY COME WITH RECOMMENDATION NOT TO REISSUE, OR IS THAT DONE ADMINISTRATIVELY BEFORE THIS MEETING? >> GO AHEAD. >> SO THE NIH POLICY SAYS THAT AFTER FIVE YEARS, ALL FUND FUNDING OPPORTUNITY ANNOUNCEMENTS HAVE TO COME BACK FOR CLEARANCE. OF COURSE THESE ARE OLD ONES THAT COME TO THE COUNCIL FOR COMMON FUND. IF WE DECIDE ONE SHOULD NOT BE REISSUED, THEN THAT DECISION IS MADE AND WE PROBABLY WOULDN'T ASK YOU TO CONFIRM THAT WE ARE NOT REISSUING IT, IT'S JUST NOT GOING OUT -- IT'S ONLY THE POSITIVE THAT WE NEED YOUR CONCURRENCE OR APPROVAL. >> SO THE INFERENCE FROM THAT IS THAT ANYTHING THAT COMES TO US, THAT WE SHOULD ASSUME THAT THERE IS SUPPORT AT THE LEVEL OF PROGRAM -- >> ABSOLUTELY. >> -- AND THAT -- SO THAT THAT BAR HAS BEEN PASSED. >> RIGHT. AND YOU WILL SEE THIS WHEN IT'S PRESENTED, SO THE NEW POLICY THAT WE CAME UP FOR THIS COUNCIL IS THAT PROGRAM PRESENTS FIRST VERY BRIEFLY, AND THAT IS YOUR ENDORSEMENT FROM PROGRAM, OTHERWISE WE WOULDN'T EVEN BRINGING THEM TO YOU. >> SURE, SURE. BECAUSE IN READING THEM, THEY'RE ALL POSITIVE. SO PRESUMABLY THERE ARE OTHERS THAT WE HAVE BEEN VETTED AND THAT DON'T COME TO US, OVER TIME, RIGHT? >> OVER TIME. FOR REISSUES, YES. >> OKAY. SO THOSE ARE REISSUES. WHEN WE BRING THEM BACK, WE'LL BRING THEM BACK BECAUSE WE FEEL THERE'S A NEED TO RENEW THE PROGRAM AND WE'LL EXPLAIN WHY THAT IS THE CASE AND WE'LL INCLUDE THAT IN THE PRESENTATION WITH SOME METRICS. NOW, THE NEW CONCEPTS, FOR NEW CONCEPTS DEVELOPED OVER TIME WITH INPUT FROM WORKSHOPS, MEETINGS, PROGRAM STAFF WILL PROVIDE MORE GENERAL BACKGROUND THAT WILL HELP THE COUNCIL APPRECIATE THE INNOVATIVE CROSS CUTTING TRANSFORMATIVE CATALYTIC OR UNIQUE ASPECTS OF THE NEW INITIATIVE, AND HOW IT WILL SYNERGIZE WITH OVERALL NIH AND INDIVIDUAL OFFICE MISSIONS. SO YOU PROBABLY RECOGNIZE SOME OF THAT IS DIRECTLY FROM HOW WE DESCRIBE THE COMMON FUND. SO THE COMMON FUND CONCEPTS CAN BE DIFFERENT, THEY CAN BE SPECIFIC AS YOU'LL SEE TODAY, THERE'S A REISSUE. THEY ALSO CAN BE AT AN EARLY STAGE SO WE WON'T BE ABLE TO SAY THIS WILL BE FUNDED WITH SIX COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS AND THE BUDGET IS GOING TO BE X. THAT'S BECAUSE THE COMMON FUND CONCEPTS ARE VERY -- THEY ADDRESS A VERY GENERAL ISSUE AND WE LOOK FOR WHAT THE BEST TOPICS ARE BY GETTING PUBLIC INPUT OFTEN FROM WORKSHOPS, FROM OUR INSTITUTE COLLEAGUES. AS I SAID THIS LAST YEAR, WE HAD THREE WEBINARS WITH JOURNAL EDITORS TO TALK FOR HOURS ABOUT WHAT THEY THOUGHT WERE EMERGING CONCEPTS OR NEEDS FOR NIH TO FUND THAT WERE VERY GENERAL, AND WE COME UP WITH GENERAL CONCEPTS THAT ARE EARLY, AND THAT'S WHAT WE BRING TO YOU. I HAVE TO SAY THAT SOMETIMES THAT'S BEEN FRUSTRATING TO THE COUNCIL BECAUSE THEY WANT TO SAY IT HAS TO BE THIS NUMBER OF GRANTS AND THIS NUMBER OF DOLLARS. BUT SOME OF THE THINGS WE'LL BRING TO YOU AS CONCEPT CLEARANCES WILL BE -- THIS IS VERY COMPELLING SCIENCE AND THIS IS THE WAY WE WOULD GO ABOUT SOLVING THE PRAWN. PROBLEM, AND THEN IT CAN TAKE MONTHS TO SOMETIMES A YEAR TO FASHION THE EXACT PROGRAM THAT WOULD BE FUNDED. BETSY HAS A CONCERN WITH MY PRESENTATION. >> WELL, I'M NEVER ONE TO CONTRADICT MY BOSS, JUST TO CLARIFY -- >> IN PUBLIC. [LAUGHTER] >> AFTER HEARING MANY CONCERNS ABOUT WHAT JIM JUST SAID IN TERMS OF VERY EARLY CONCEPTS, THE COUNCIL WAS SOMETIMES UNABLE TO REALLY DETERMINE WHETHER IT WAS READY TO CLEAR OR NOT, WE HAVE DEVELOPED THE CONCEPTS TO A MUCH FURTHER DEGREE NOW, AND WHAT YOU WILL SEE TODAY, FOR INSTANCE, FOR THE ONLY BRAND NEW PROGRAM, THE INNOVATION IN AFRICA 1, WE HAVE GOTTEN TO THE POINT OF INDIVIDUAL INITIATIVES, A BUDGET ESTIMATE JUST TO GIVE YOU A SENSE OF THE SCOPE. IT'S NOT EXACTLY THE BUDGET BECAUSE WE STILL HAVE SOME THINGS TO WORK OUT, BUT IT IS A LITTLE FURTHER ALONG. >> SO BY COMPARISON, WHEN YOU'LL SEE FROM ORIP TENDS TO BE VERY SPECIFIC, AND WHAT YOU SEE FROM THE COMMON FUND CAN BE SPECIFIC TO LESS SPECIFIC. >> JIM, JUST TO CLARIFY A BIT, MICHAEL LAYER MORE, U.C. DAVIS, SO WHEN WE GET THE NEW CONCEPTS, WE REALLY ARE -- THE LENS THAT WE ARE LOOKING AT IS MOSTLY FROM THE SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE. WE'RE ASSUMING THAT WE'RE NOT -- BECAUSE AS A DEAN, I ALWAYS WORRY ABOUT PRIORITIES AND BUDGETS. SO WE'RE NOT REALLY INVOLVED IN THINKING ABOUT -- WE JUST DON'T HAVE ENOUGH MONEY, IT'S A GREAT SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT. WE'RE REALLY FOCUSED ON THE SCIENTIFIC BASES, IS THAT CORRECT? >> THAT'S A GOOD WAY TO DESCRIBE IT. AS IT'S FURTHER DEVELOPED FOR FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES, THE FUNDING MIGHT GET REDISTRIBUTED IN DIFFERENT WAYS. SO IT'S A CONCEPT. KEVIN? >> HI, KEVIN JOHNSON FROM VANDERBILT. MY QUESTION IS I THINK A SEGUE FROM THAT ONE WHICH IS, SINCE I DON'T FULLY UNDERSTAND YET THE BIRTH OF A CONCEPT, WHAT I'M IMAGINING IS THAT ANOTHER ROLE WE PLAY IS A LITTLE BIT OF A FEASIBILITY ROLE. DOES THIS SEEM LIKE IT COULD HAVE THE IMPACT ONE WOULD LIKE TO HAVE, AND I ALMOST WANT TO BE SCIENTIFIC ABOUT THAT AND I WONDER WHETHER THE PROCESS THAT'S BEING USED TO GENERATE THE CONCEPT SHOULD BE MADE A LITTLE BIT MORE TRANSPARENT TO US. I IMAGINE THERE'S A MINORITY REPORT, THERE'S A GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO FELT THAT MAYBE THIS WASN'T THE BEST USE OF NIH FUNDS. BUT IN OUR -- FROM OUR PERSPECTIVE OR AT LEAST FROM MY PERSPECTIVE, I MAY NOT BE BRIGHT ENOUGH AT THE INSTANT THAT I'M READING THIS TO BE ABLE TO AGREE WITH THAT REPORT. BUT I MIGHT WANT TO SEE IT BECAUSE IT MAY JOG MY THINKING AND HELP ME TO CLARIFY AND HAVE THE GROUP HERE, SINCE WE'RE ASKED TO ADVISE, DECIDE WHETHER THERE WAS SOME MERIT TO THAT REPORT THAT SHOULD HAVE BEEN CONSIDERED. SO I KNOW OUR GOAL TODAY IS NOT TO DISCUSS THE BIRTH OF A CONCEPT, AND I THINK -- I GUESS I'M SAYING I APPLAUD THE CHANGES SO FAR THAT I'M HEARING AND WOULD LOVE FOR US TO DIG A LITTLE DEEPER INTO HOW WE CAN REALLY BE OF HELP AND SERVICE WHETHER WE REVIEW THESE CONCEPT CLEARANCES. >> SO FOR THE FULL SPECTRUM, YEAH, YOU KNOW, IT IS A CHALLENGE, I ADMIT WE HAVE A LIMITED BUDGET AND THERE MIGHT BE THOUSANDS OF THINGS YOU COULD DO SO HOW DO WE ARRIVE AT THE TWO THAT WE PRESENT TO YOU. THIS IS THE QUESTION, RIGHT? >> IT'S ACTUALLY NOT THE QUESTION. IT COULD BE A LARGER QUESTION FOR ANOTHER TIME. I GUESS WHAT I'M SAYING IS THAT I LOOK AT WHAT'S WRITTEN HERE AND MY FIRST THOUGHT IS, JUST TO AT LEAST CONSIDER WHAT WE SHOULD BE PRESENTED TO DECIDE WHETHER IT COULD BE A SLIGHTLY MORE TWO-TALED VERSION IF THERE IS A SECOND TALE TO BE SEEN. PRESUMABLY THERE'S A GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO FELT LIKE THIS IS A GREAT IDEA. WE SEE THAT. THERE'S PROBABLY A SMALLER GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO FELT LIKE THIS WASN'T THE BEST IDEA, WE DON'T SEE THAT. AND MAYBE WE SHOULD. THAT'S REALLY THE QUESTION. >> I SEE. SO MORE OF A PRESENTATION OF HOW DID WE GET HERE. >> YES. >> AND WHAT WERE THE PROS AND CONS, WHAT WERE OTHER VIEWPOINTS ON THIS, WHY DID WE DECIDE TO FASHION IT THIS WAY AND ARE PRESENTING THIS TO YOU. WE CAN DO THAT. I THINK THAT'S MOST RELEVANT WITH THE COMMON FUND PROGRAMS. >> ABSOLUTELY. >> THAT START OUT WITH WHAT'S AN OBSTACLE IN BIOMEDICAL BEHAVIOR RESEARCH. WE HAVE OVER THE YEARS -- I DON'T THINK THERE'S A PERFECT WAY TO DO THIS. WE HAVE OVER THE YEARS USED DIFFERENT MECHANISMS. WE'VE BROUGHT MORE JUNIOR INVESTIGATORS INTO NIH FOR A COUPLE OF DAYS AND SAT AROUND WITH DIFFERENT FORMATS OF THROWING IDEAS AROUND AND DEVELOPING SOME CONSENSUS ABOUT WHAT'S REALLY AN IMPORTANT TOPIC. WE USE MORE SENIOR PEOPLE. WE ALWAYS TRY MORE THINGS, WE'RE TRYING A MORE CROWD SOURCING APPROACH THIS YEAR IN ADDITION TO WHAT WE USUALLY DO. WE TRY THE JOURNAL EDITORS, WHICH WAS FASCINATING. BEING JOURNAL EDITORS, THEY TENDED TO WANT TO GO TO POLICY ISSUES AND NOT GET BACK ON THE SCIENCE ISSUES, BUT MOST OF WHAT THEY ADDRESSED WERE THE DATA THINGS THAT THEY WERE DEALING WITH, THE LARGE AMOUNTS OF DATA AND HOW TO MANAGE DATA. SO WE FOUND THAT INFORMATIVE. AND IT'S ADDRESSED IN SOME OF THE THINGS YOU'LL HEAR TODAY. WE HAVE A HEAVY RELIANCE ON OUR INSTITUTES AND INSTITUTE DIRECTORS. BECAUSE MANY OF THEM HAVE A VERY BROAD SENSE AND PERSPECTIVE OF WHAT'S GOING ON IN SCIENCE. AND THEN THEY CAN SEE WHERE THE GENERAL OBSTACLES ARE AND CONNECT THE DOTS AND COME UP WITH CONCEPTS, AND THEN WE TYPICALLY INTERNALLY WE USE WORKING GROUPS THAT DEVELOP THESE IDEAS AND HAVE MEMBERS FROM MULTIPLE INSTITUTES. THEY ULTIMATELY GET PRESENTED TO OUR INSTITUTE DIRECTORS WHO GENERALLY HAVE QUITE A BIT OF FUN TOSSING THE IDEAS AROUND AND WHAT COULD HAPPEN MOST IMPACT, HOW COULD WE CHANGE THIS OR THAT, AND THAT'S AN IMPORTANT STEP BECAUSE THE COMMON FUND PROGRAMS HAVE TO TRANSITION AFTER NO MORE THAN 10 YEARS OF FUNDING TO SOMETHING ELSE, AND IF SOMETHING NEEDS TO BE SUSTAINED OR PROGRAM CONTINUE, IT HAS TO BE OF INTEREST TO THE INSTITUTES. SO WE HAVE TO MAKE SURE THE INSTITUTE DIRECTORS HAVE A SIGNIFICANT LEVEL OF INTEREST IN WHAT WE PRESENT. SO AGAIN TO INFORM CONCEPTS WE TYPICALLY HAVE MULTIPLE WORKSHOPS OR WEBINARS FOR PARTICULAR QUESTIONS THAT ARE NEEDED TO BE ADDRESSED IN A PROPOSAL, AND SO WE USE JUST A WHOLE COLLECTION OF INPUTS. IDEALLY, IS THERE A COMPUTATIONAL WAY THAT WE COULD PUSH A BUTTON AND SEE EMERGING CONCEPTS THAT WOULD BE GREAT AND ACTUALLY WE'RE WORKING ON THAT IN THE OFFICE OF PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS, BUT THAT'S GENERALLY HOW WE APPROACH IT AND THEN WE REFINE TO THAT GROUP THAT PRAN CYST FRANCIS APPROVES, THE INSTITUTES ARE GENERALLY ENTHUSIASTIC ABOUT A MULTIPLE -- WANT TO PARTICIPATE AND THEN WE DEVELOP A STAGE TO BRING TO YOU TO SEE WHAT YOUR IDEAS ARE. >> THANK YOU. >> MAY I, THIS IS GARY KORETZKY. MAY I COME BACK TO A QUESTION THAT I ASKED WHICH IS RELEVANT BASED UPON THIS DISCUSSION FOR THE REISSUE ANS, AND THE QUESTION IS, WHETHER OR NOT AS YOU PROVIDE THE METRICS WHICH ARE NOW GOING TO BE PART OF IT, CAN YOU ALSO -- IS THERE A WAY TO PROVIDE CONCERNS BECAUSE THAT'S WHERE I WHAT I THINK WE'RE RESPONSIBLE FOR, TO GIVE THE BEST ADVICE TO LOOK AT IT, WE CAN SEE THE POSITIVES HIGHLIGHTED IN THE PRESENTATIONS AND THROUGH THE DOCUMENTATION BUT THROUGH THE CONVERSATIONS, THERE ARE PROBABLY CONCERNS THAT EMERGED, AND IT WOULD PROBABLY -- I THINK IT WOULD BE REALLY USEFUL TO POINT THOSE OUT RATHER -- THAT WILL GIVE US THE OPPORTUNITY TO THINK ABOUT THE WHOLE SPECTRUM OF THE REISSUANCE RATHER THAN JUST WHERE IT'S GOING IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION, WAYS THAT PERHAPS WE COULD EVEN ADVISE TWEAKING SO THAT IT MIGHT BE MORE IMPACTFUL. >> OKAY. I'M GOING TO LOOK TO FRANZISKA FOR SOME STATISTICS. WE BOTH BRING BACK A REPLICA OF THE PREVIOUS, BUT IT'S OFTEN MODIFIED. BASED ON EXPERIENCE OR THINGS LIKE THAT. FOR EXAMPLE, THE -- GRANT RANGES OF COSTS WERE RESET, THAT SORT OF THING. DO YOU WANT TO ADDRESS HOW OFTEN WE MODIFY? >> SO THERE'S LOTS OF THINGS ON THE TABLE, AND GARY, I WANT TO ADDRESS YOUR QUESTION AT THE END BUT I WANT TO CIRCLE BACK TO ONE THING THAT WAS SAID, THE REQUEST FOR MAYBE MORE INSIGHT IN HOW WE GOT THERE AND WHAT WORKING GROUPS, CONFERENCES, WORKSHOP REPORTS MIGHT HAVE FED INTO THE CONCEPT. SO HERE IS A SUGGESTION. JIM DESCRIBED THAT WE GIVE YOU SLIDES THAT DESCRIBE THE CONCEPTS, THEY'RE NOT ALL CONCEPTS REALLY, THEY'RE CONCEPTS, THEY ARE EXISTING FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES, AND THEN& WE GIVE YOU THE ONE PAGER. THE ONE PAGER, I THINK WE CAN EASILY INSERT LINKS TO WORKSHOP REPORTS, BECAUSE WE ALL POST THEM, THEY ARE THERE, AND GARY, THIS COMES TO YOU AND I'LL SAY A LITTLE BIT MORE, IN A WORKSHOP REPORT, WE WILL SAY HERE IS THE DISCUSSION ON THIS, THE RECOMMENDATION WAS MADE SO-AND-SO TO FINISH THIS OFF OR NOT GO IN THAT DIRECTION, SO WE WOULD HAVE THAT. THAT'S MORE TRUE FOR NEW CONCEPTS. WE USUALLY DON'T HAVE WORKSHOPS FOR ONGOING THINGS. SO I'M LOOKING TO MY RIGHT, ONE OF THE CONCEPTS TODAY IS THE MMRS, MUTANT MOUSE RESEARCH AND RESOURCE CENTERS. THEY HAVE BEEN IN EXISTENCE FOR 20 YEARS, ALMOST, SO WE WOULDN'T HAVE A WORKSHOP, ARE THEY STILL NEEDED. THERE ARE CONFERENCES, THEY ARE -- WE COULD LINK TO THEIR ADVISORY BOARD IN LIKE WHAT THEY ARE SAYING IF THEY TELL THE ADVISORY BOARD THAT TELLS THE GROUP DO MORE CRISPR APPROACHES BECAUSE OF WHATEVER. DOES THAT HELP? >> THAT WOULD BE REALLY USEFUL. BECAUSE WE'LL TALK ABOUT IT THIS AFTERNOON AND, YOU KNOW, THERE'S CERTAINLY WAYS TO PRESENT ARE -- WHERE YOU REALLY THAT- HIGHLIGHT ALL OF THE SUCCESSES BECAUSE PEOPLE ARE WORKING HARD AND THEY'RE GENERATING RESULTS THAT ARE USEFUL. BUT THERE ALSO IS THE OTHER SIDE AND THAT IS WHAT'S MISSING, WHAT ARE PEOPLE DOING, IS THIS REALLY THE BEST WAY TO SPEND THE MONEY. AND THAT'S THE BOTTOM LINE. I DON'T THINK THERE ARE ANY OF THESE CONCEPTS THAT ARE BAD IDEAS. IT'S JUST HOW DO THEY WEIGH RELATIVE TO EACH OTHER AND RELATIVE TO THE WHOLE POT OF RESOURCES. AND I THINK THAT THAT'S OUR RESPONSIBILITY FOR GIVING ADVICE ABOUT. >> MY MAJOR CONCERN, AND I HAVE TO VOICE THIS BECAUSE I'M SITTING IN THIS CHAIR, WE DO 11 OF THESE TODAY, 11, OKAY? WE DO TWO WHICH ARE NEW ONES, INITIATIVES. WE GIVE THOSE 40 MINUTES. WE GIVE ALL THE OTHERS 20 MINUTES. IN THOSE 20 MINUTES, WHAT YOU WILL NEED -- WHAT WE WILL DO IS YOU WILL HEAR THE PRESENTATION BY THE STAFF MEMBER, I TOLD THEM OVER AND OVER AND POUNDED ON THEM THAT THEY HAVE 3 MINUTES TO DO THAT. THEN THERE ARE THE TWO DISCUSSANTS, THEY TAKE THEIR TIME, THEN WE NEED TO DISCUSS OVERALL AND THEN WE NEED TO VOTE AND THAT NEEDS TO GO INTO 20 MINUTES AND I'M A LITTLE WORRIED IF WE GO INTO TOO MUCH, HOW COULD THEY IMPROVE THIS, NOT THAT I DON'T WANT IT, BUT IN THE DISCUSSION, WE COULD ALWAYS HAVE INPUT FROM YOU IN WRITING, LIKE AFTER YOU RECEIVE THIS TWO WEEKS AHEAD OF TIME, PROGRAM IS EXTREMELY INTERESTED IN YOUR INPUT. SO BY ALL MEANS, DO SEND THAT IN. >> THANKS. >> AND I DO UNDERSTAND THIS ISSUE IS, YOU KNOW, WHAT'S THE CONTEXT, WHY ARE YOU BRINGING ME THIS, GIVE ME THE BIGGER PICTURE ON HOW THIS FITS INTO IT. WE CAN EXPAND THAT MORE IN THE WRITTEN DOCUMENT TOO, AS FRANZISKA HAD A GREAT IDEA, HAVING LINKS TO EXPLANATIONS FOR HOW WE GOT HERE, WHETHER THEY'RE WORKSHOPS OR MARKER PAPERS THAT WERE VERY INFLUENTIAL IN DIRECTING THIS IS WHERE SCIENCE IS HEADED, WE CAN DO THAT. ONE OF OUR CHALLENGES WITH THIS COUNCIL IS YOU'RE OFF IN DIFFERENT AREAS. IF THIS WAS ALL THE CELL BIOLOGY OF CANCER, YOU KNOW, WE WOULDN'T BE HAVING THIS DISCUSSION, I DON'T THINK. SO WE STRUGGLE WITH THAT. >> SO I GUESS I'D ASK HOW DOES THIS WORK WELL IN OTHER INSTITUTES? I DON'T HAVE A LOT OF EXPERIENCE -- I HAVE THE EXPERIENCE OF THE ALL-OF-US ADVISORY PANEL WHICH IS KIND OF A WEIRD METAPHOR TO BRING, AND THAT CLEARLY RUN THE INITIATIVE, COUPLE BILLION DOLLARS AS A WORKING GROUP, PEOPLE ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORKING GROUP, THEN THE ADVISORY PANEL WE'RE ON IS RELATIVELY INVASIVE, IS THE WAY I WOULD DESCRIBE US WHEN I WAS ON IT, WE ACTUALLY DO SAY PRIORITIZE THIS DIFFERENTLY, DO THIS FIRST, DO THIS SECOND, IS THAT WHAT HAPPENS IN OTHER INSTITUTES WHICH ARE MANAGING A BROAD PORTFOLIO AS OWE ES POOED TO SOMETHING FOCUSED LIKE ALL-OF-US AND IS THAT BREADTH WHICH IS SIMILAR HERE PREVENTING US FROM BEING MORE INVASIVE AND MORE INVOLVED EARLIER? I DON'T WANT TO SIGN ANYBODY UP IN THIS ROOM FOR MORE WORK BUT IT FEELS LIKE SOME OF THOSE EARLY CONCEPT INVOLVEMENTS MAY MAKE US FEEL -- IS THE WORD SUPERFLUOUS OR PERFUNCTORY. I WANT TO GET THE RIGHT NUANCE. I THINK IT'S PERFUNCTORY. IT'S NOT THAT WE'RE UNNECESSARY IT'S JUST THAT WE'RE SUPERFICIAL AT TIMES. AND THAT'S OKAY, I'VE GOT LOTS OF JOBS AROUND PERFUNCTORY, THIS COULD BE UP WITH ONE OF THEM TOO, BUT I WANT TO FIGURE OUT HOW DOES THIS WORK AMONG OTHER INSTITUTES AND SHOULD WE BE TAKING SOME MODEL OFF OF THAT. >> I'M GOING TO ASK OTHER COUNCILMEMBERS IF THEY WANT TO SHARE AN EXPERIENCE THEY THINK THAT WORKS WELL, BUT LET ME -- SACHIN, LET ME BACK UP. YOU'RE ON AN ADVISORY WORKING GROUP, SO THAT'S A GROUP THAT'S BACK HERE. THAT'S THE GROUP THAT'S HELPING TO SAY LET'S DO THIS, THEN THAT, WHY THIS, WHY THAT, HOW CAN WE ACCOMPLISH THIS. THAT KIND OF INPUT IS THEN TURNED INTO A CONCEPT CLEARANCE THAT'S -- TO A COUNCIL, SO TO ADDRESS KEVIN'S QUESTION AGAIN, WHAT YOU'RE INVOLVED IN IS THAT BACKGROUND WORK THAT ENDS UP IN WHAT THE COUNCIL SEES. AND THERE'S LOTS OF DIFFERENT FORMATS FOR THAT, WHETHER IT'S WORKSHOPS THAT WRITE A PAPER ON A TOP INK, THAT SORT OF TOPIC. THAT SORT OF THING. SO THANK YOU FOR BRINGING UP AN EXAMPLE OF HOW WE INFORM THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CONCEPT. INTO >> >> IT RESONATES WITH ME, WHAT YOU'RE SAYING. I CAN'T REALLY SPEAK FOR EVERYBODY ELSE BUT I FEEL LIKE I COULD DO A LITTLE MORE WORK TOO, ACTUALLY. AND WHERE IT WOULD REALLY MATTER IN TERMS OF YOU'RE USING IT HELPFULLY EITHER IN THESE GROUPS BEFOREHAND OR AS THE CONCEPT CLEARANCE IS BEING WRITTEN UP, BY THE TIME IT GETS HERE, IT CAN GET IN THE WAY, I THINK, A LITTLE BIT, SO -- IN THE BACKGROUND, I'M ALL FOR IT, ACTUALLY. >> WE COULD RELY ON OUR DISCUSSANTS A LITTLE BIT MORE. YOU KNOW, WE GIVE THEM SOME GUIDELINES OF -- WE DON'T SAY REVIEW THE LAST 10 YEARS OF THE LITERATURE, WRITE A THOUSAND PAGE REPORT, PUT IT IN NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND DISCUSS THAT AS THE BACKGROUND TO THE CONCEPT. BUT WE COULD BE A LITTLE MORE EXPLICIT. THIS IS WHAT WE'D LIKE YOU TO ADDRESS BECAUSE YOUR FELLOW COUNCILMEMBERS WANT TO HEAR ABOUT THIS AT THE MEETING. >> JIM, JUST AS AN EXAMPLE, MAYBE A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE, DURING ORIP'S STRATEGIC PLANNING, THERE WAS A SERIES OF WORKSHOPS, THERE WAS THREE OR FOUR MAJOR ONES. IT WOULD BE NICE TO SAY THESE CONCEPTS WERE SUPPORTED BY A PREVIOUS PROCESS OF STRATEGIC PLANNING WHICH IDENTIFIED THIS, YOU KNOW, JUST AGAIN, GOING ON WHAT KEVIN SAID, THAT WOULD BE HELPFUL BACKGROUND TO KNOW THAT. >> YOU BRING TO MIND, WE ALSO -- ALL OF OUR OFFICES HAVE STRATEGIC PLANS FOR WHAT IT IS THEY WANT TO ACCOMPLISH, WHAT THEIR GOALS ARE, HOW THEY WANT TO GET THERE. I ASSUME YOU'VE ALL READ THE STRATEGIC PLANS FOR ALL OF OUR OFFICES SO THAT GIVES YOU THE PERSPECTIVE OF WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO ACCOMPLISH, BUT WE COULD DO THAT. WE COULD PUT A LINK TO THE PLAN FOR THE OFFICE SO YOU SEE WHAT IS THIS GROUP ALL ABOUT, WHAT DO THEY CLAIM THEY'RE GOING TO ACCOMPLISH THAT'S BEEN AFFIRMED BY COUNCIL AND FOR MANY WORKSHOPS. AND FOR OUR WEB CONNECTION HERE. SO I'M HEARING YOU. DON'T JUST BRING THE CONCEPT BUT PUT IT IN A CONTEXT FOR YOU. >> DO YOU WANT ME TO ADD ONE THING TO WHAT SACHIN ACTUALLY ASKED, SO I SIT ON WHAT'S CALLED EPMC, THE EXTRAMURAL MEMBERS, ALL OF THE DIRECTOR OF EXTRAMURAL FOR ALL THE ICs, AND WHEN THIS WHOLE ISSUE OF WE ARE NOW BRINGING AS JIM EXPLAINED ALL THE FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES, NOT JUST RFAs, BUT ALL THE ONES, ALL PARs -- WHO COUNSEL -- OF COURSE FIRST I BROKE OUT IN A BIG SWEAT AND THEN I FIGURED OUT HOW TO DO THIS, AND THIRDLY I STEPPED INTO ACTION AND I ASKED MY EPMC MEMBERS, SO THESE ARE PRESENTED FROM ALL THE INSTITUTES AND CENTERS, HOW DO YOU DO THIS. AND OF COURSE THE OTHER THING THAT WE NEED TO CONSIDER, THERE IS NCI IN THERE, WHICH IS LIKE HUMONGOUS, AND THEN THERE IS VERY SMALL CENTERS IN THERE WHICH ARE SMALLER THAN ORIP. SO THE WHOLE RANGE. AND SO I ASK A SERIES OF MY COLLEAGUES, HOW DO YOU DO THIS. SOME DIDN'T DO ANYTHING. BASICALLY DIDN'T BRING ANY CONCEPT OTHER THAN RFAs TO COUNCIL. OTHERS, IN A TWO-DAY COUNCIL, BROUGHT EVERY SINGLE CONCEPT TO COUNCIL. THIRDLY, THEY HAD SOME SUBGROUPS WHERE THEY DISCUSSED CONCEPTS WITH EXPERTS ON ANY SPECIFIC TOPIC AND THEN KIND OF CAME TO A CONCLUSION IN THOSE SUBGROUPS. IN RESPONSE TO YOUR QUESTION, THERE WAS A REALLY BROAD RANGE OF APPROACHES AND THEN WHAT WE CAME UP WITH, WITH THIS PRESENTATION BY STAFF, DISCUSSION BY TWO DISCUSSANTS, GIVING YOU AS MUCH BACKGROUND AS YOU CAN BUT MAYBE EXPANDING THAT SO YOU HAVE MORE READING MATERIAL, AND THEN THE WHOLE -- >> OKAY. SO I THINK, SACHIN, YOU WANTED TO ADD TO THAT, BUT I REALLY APPRECIATE THIS DISCUSSION BECAUSE NOW FRANZISKA HAS BROUGHT UP WHAT WE'RE STRUCK ELING WITH. STRUGGLING WITH. WE'RE WORKING IN A VERY COMPLEX SYSTEM THAT PRESENTS CONCEPTS IN DIFFERENT WAYS. WE HAVE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCEPTS FROM OUR DIFFERENT AREAS AND WE CAN'T FORCE IT INTO ONE TEMPLATE. THAT WOULDN'T WORK. BUT I'M CLEARLY HEARING THAT THIS GROUP WANTS TO HEAR MORE OF THE BACKGROUND TO HOW DID WE GET THERE, AND WE CAN DO THAT. IT IT WILL PROBABLY BE IN THE WRITTEN MATERIAL SENT TO YOU JUST BECAUSE OF THE MATTER OF TIME. >> I'M JUST TRYING TO UNDERSTAND WHAT'S GOING ON. IT SEEMS LIKE THERE'S A LACK OF TRUST IN THE PROCESS OR AT LEAST TRANSPARENCY IN THE PROCESS WHICH MAY OR MAY NOT BE JUSTIFIED. PROBABLY NOT. BECAUSE I THINK IT IS DONE IN A VERY TRANSPARENT WAY, BUT WE MIGHT NOT KNOW THAT, SO MAYBE SOMEHOW IF WE COULD HAVE A BETTER IDEA OF WHAT WAS CONSIDERED AND WHAT THE PROCESS WAS, WHICH I THINK IS OUT THERE, IT IS OUT THERE, THEN THIS WILL GO AWAY BECAUSE WE CAN'T BE INVOLVED AT THAT LEVEL. IT'S NOT WHAT WE'RE SUPPOSED TO DO. BUT WE SHOULD KNOW WHAT THE OPTIONS ARE, I THINK. >> OKAY. I'M GLAD YOU BROUGHT THAT UP. AGAIN, ONE OF THE TENSIONS IS, YOU DON'T KNOW ENOUGH TO WEIGH IN IN REAL DETAIL ON EVERY CONCEPT WE BRING TO YOU, SO WE'RE LOOKING AT IN YOUR EXPERIENCE PERSPECTIVE, DOES THIS MAKE SENSE. IT'S A SMELL TEST. AND HOPEFULLY YOU TRUST US THAT WE HAVE CONTACTED AND GOTTEN INPUT FROM ENOUGH SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS THAT'S GUIDED THE PROCESS TO SOMETHING THAT MAKES SENSE. BUT WE HAVE TO CONVINCE YOU THAT WE DID THAT. AND THAT WILL MAKE MORE EFFORT TO DO THAT. DON'T JUST TRUST US. [LAUGHTER] FRANKLY THE REASON THAT THIS ALL WAS RENEWED WAS BECAUSE OF THAT MOCK TRIAL ISSUE AND THE ATTENTION THAT THAT GOT FROM CONGRESS AND THE MEDIA OF HOW DO YOU DO THIS OVER THERE ANYWAY, NIH? >> THIS IS KEVIN. AND I TRUST YOU. [LAUGHTER] >> HOWEVER, I BELIEVE IF YOU ASK ME IF SOMETHING SHOULD BE DONE, IT WOULD ALWAYS BE NICE TO KNOW PRESUMABLY THE REASON WHY SOMEONE DECIDES TO ASK IS BECAUSE THEY THINK THERE'S A POTENTIAL THAT THE ANSWER WOULD BE NO. THE ONLY WAY THAT I COULD EVER AGREE TO SAY, HMM, THERE IS A PROBLEM, WOULD BE TO KNOW THAT IF DURING THE WHOLE PROCESS ANY PROBLEM SURFACED, THAT I WOULD ALSO AGREE ISN'T WORTH DISCUSSING. SO REALLY IT'S NOT ABOUT TRUST, IT'S ABOUT VALIDATING. SO THAT'S AT LEAST MY PERSPECTIVE ON IT. I DON'T NEED TO READ A MILLION THINGS, BUT I TEND TO BE A PERSON THAT GIVES REALLY BAD ANALOGIES, SO A REALLY BAD ANALOGY OF THIS WOULD BE, I TRUST MY TESLA IN AUTO DRIVE, BUT I DO STILL KEEP MY HANDS ON THE STEERING WHEEL BECAUSE THEY TELL ME TO BECAUSE THERE'S OBVIOUSLY SOMETHING THEY KNOW THAT TELLS THEM, DON'T LET GO OF THIS YET, RIGHT? SO ALL I'M SAYING IS, IF YOU'RE WILLING TO GIVE US -- IF YOU'RE ASKING TO BE OPEN LOOP, THEN GIVE US AT LEAST THE MODICUM OF INFORMATION THAT WOULD LET US KNOW THERE'S A REASON WHY WE SHOULD STILL BE INVOLVED. BECAUSE EVENTUALLY WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN IN FIVE YEARS IS WE'RE GOING TO HAVE A CONVERSATION HERE THAT SAYS, WHY ARE WE REVIEWING THESE? WE ALWAYS SAY YES BECAUSE WE NEVER HAVE ANY INFORMATION THAT WOULD HELP US TO HELP YOU. RIGHT? I MEAN, HE WITH KNOW HOW THAT ENDS, WE'VE ALL BEEN ON THAT COMMITTEE. >> WEALTH, WELL, I'M GLAD YOU'RE FRANK ABOUT THAT BECAUSE I SUSPECT THAT IS WHAT WILL HAPPEN IN FIVE OR 10 YEARS, WE DON'T NEED TO HEAR ABOUT ALL OF THIS. >> WE CAN MAKE THAT DECISION NOW, LET'S LEAVE IT THE WAY IT IS, YOU'LL ALL AGREE YOU DON'T WANT TO SEE THESE ANYMORE. >> NO, THIS HAS TO BE TRANSPARENT, AND WE DO -- COUNCIL HAS OFTEN MADE VERY VALUABLE AMENDMENTS TO PROGRAMS. WE RECOMMEND THIS CONCEPT BUT WITH THIS MODIFICATION. SO WE DO NEED YOUR INPUT THERE. BUT OKAY. SO YOU SEE WHAT WE'RE STRUGGLING WITH TOO. IS WHAT TO BRING TO YOU AT WHAT DETAIL, WHAT LEVEL OF EXPLANATION, HOW TO PUT IT INTO THE OVERALL PORTFOLIO AND GIVE IT THE PERSPECTIVE THAT CAN CONVINCE YOU IT'S WORTH FUNDING. SO LET ME TRY AND SUMMARIZE THE CONCEPT CLEARANCE ISSUE -- >> JIM? >> OH, PAUL, YEAH. >> THIS IS PAUL JOHNSON. STORY. I JUST I WANTED TO PICK UP A LITTLE BIT ON THE ISSUE OF PRIORITIES WHICH HAS COME UP IN THE DISCUSSION AND IN THE DESCRIPTION OF THE COMMON FUND IN THE OPERATING PROCEDURES, THE SECOND PARAGRAPH ON PAGE 9 EXPLICITLY MENTIONS THAT WE'RE SUPPOSED TO CONSIDER ESTIMATED COSTS. I DIDN'T NOTE THAT FOR OTHER CONCEPT CLEARANCES SO I WANTED TO CHECK ONE WAS THAT AN INTENTIONAL DIFFERENCE, THAT WE ARE SUPPOSED TO CONSIDER COSTS FOR COMMON FUND CONCEPTS, AND TWO, GET A LITTLE BACKGROUND TO THAT, AGAIN, TO HOW WE'RE SUPPOSED TO -- HOW MUCH THE COUNCIL IS SUPPOSED TO BE INVOLVED IN RELATIVE PRIORITIES BECAUSE I THINK THAT'S ONE OF THE QUESTIONS THAT WE'RE WRESTLING WITH. >> SO WHEN WE BRING CONCEPTS TO YOU, THEY ARE NOT COMPETING AMONG THEMSELVES. IS THAT WHAT YOUR QUESTION IS? THAT CONCEPT HAS ALREADY COMPETED WITH OTHERS BEFORE IT CAME TO YOU. >> BUT THE COMMON FUND PROCESS EXPLICITLY MENTIONS THAT WE'RE SUPPOSED TO WEIGH CONSIDERATION OF COST. AND A LOT OF TIMES, WHEN THESE CONCEPTS PRESENTED, IT'S SORT OF A LOOSE GUIDE PROCESS WHERE WE DON'T REALLY WEIGH COMPETING COSTS AND PRIORITIES. AND AGAIN, I DON'T THINK OUR JOB IS TO GET DOWN INTO THE WEEDS, BUT I JUST WANTED TO GET GUIDANCE OR RAISE THE QUESTION OF DO WE HAVE A DISTINCT ROLE IN WEIGHING COSTS FOR COMMON FUND CONCEPTS? >> OKAY. VERY GOOD QUESTION, AND AS BETSY POINTED OUT, OVER THE YEARS, WE HAVE TRIED TO BE MORE SPECIFIC ABOUT THE PROGRAM WHEN WE BRING TO YOU. WHICH SOMETIMES DOES INCLUDE AN ENVELOPE OF COST. >> SO CONCEPT PROGRAMS ARE QUITE VARIABLE IN SIZE. FOR A LONG TIME WE DID NOT INCLUDE ANY COST INFORMATION. WE REALLY TRIED TO FOCUS ON THE DISCUSSION ON THE SCIENCE. HOWEVER, IT'S DIFFICULT IF YOU DON'T HAVE ANY SENSE OF THE SCOPE. SO IF WE DESCRIBE A CONCEPT TO YOU THAT ULTIMATELY WILL COST $5 MILLION A YEAR, YOU MIGHT HAVE DIFFERENT ENTHUSIASM FROM THAT TO ACHIEVE A SET OF GOALS THAN IF IT COST $100 MILLION A YEAR. SO REALLY THE RESPONSE TO COUNCIL FEEDBACK, WE'VE DECIDED TO TRY TO PROVIDE BROAD ESTIMATES FOR THESE BRAND NEW PROGRAMS TO SAY THIS IS ABOUT HOW MUCH WE THINK THIS IS GOING TO COST. AND THEN IF YOUR REACTION IS, WOW, THESE GOALS ARE NOT WORTH THAT, YOU CAN TELL US THAT. IF YOU ON THE OTHER HAND THINK THAT THAT SET OF GOALS IS COMPLETELY UNREALISTIC FOR THAT BROAD ESTIMATE, WE'D ALSO LIKE TO HEAR THAT. SO THESE BUDGETS NUMBERS ARE JUST AN ESTIMATE, A REALITY TEST OF WHETHER THE STATED GOALS CAN BE ACHIEVED WITHIN THAT BROAD ESTIMATE. BUT WE'RE NOT REALLY ASKING YOU TO PRY PRIORITIZE AMONGST THE CONCEPTS, SO WE BRING THINGS TO YOU THAT WE THINK WE CAN AFFORD. >> OKAY, THAT'S HELPFUL. THANK YOU. >> THANKS, PAUL. WHEN WE BRING YOU CONCEPTS FOR THE COMMON FUND, THAT'S GONE THROUGH USUALLY A YEARLY PROCESS WHERE WE'VE CONSIDERED MANY, MANY, MANY PROPOSALS AND MOST OF THEM DON'T MAKE IT THROUGH TO WHAT WE BRING TO YOU. SO THERE'S A STRONG PRIORITIZATION PROCESS WITHIN NIH TO TRIM DOWN THE CONCEPTS BEFORE YOU CAN WE CAN BRING THEM TO YOU. SOMETIMES IT WILL BE YOU CAN'T DO THAT PROGRAM BEFORE SOMEBODY DEVELOPS THAT TECHNOLOGY. SO DON'T EVEN TRY THAT. OR STARTING THAT PROGRAM WILL DEPEND ON THIS PROGRAM FINISHING OR THINGS LIKE THAT, OR WE'VE ALREADY FUNDED SOMETHING VERY SIMILAR TO THAT. SO WE USE THOSE TYPES OF CRY CRITERIA INTERNALLY TO PRIORITIZE. AMONG MANY OTHERS. OKAY. SO WITH THE CONCEPT CLEARANCE, I HEAR YOU. WE'RE GOING TO PROVIDE YOU WITH MORE DETAILED WRITTEN DESCRIPTIONS IN YOUR PACKETS THAT WILL REALLY PLACE THE CONCEPT IN A BIGGER CONCEPT. HOW DID WE ARRIVE AT THIS, WHAT WERE THE WORKSHOPS, WHAT ARE THE SEMINAL PAPERS, AND SO THAT'S SOMETHING YOU HAVE TO PREPARE BEFORE THE MEETING. WE'LL DISTILL THAT DOWN TO A SET OF SLIDES AND PRESENTATION AT THE MEETING FOR YOUR DISCUSSION OF QUESTIONS AND CONCERNS THAT YOU HAVE. WE'LL HAVE TWO DISCUSSANTS AND MAYBE WE'LL LEAN ON THE DISCUSSANTS A LITTLE BIT MORE TO HELP INTERPRET THESE LONGER NARRATIVES THAT WE SEND TO UP. THEN WE'LL HAVE OUR DISCUSSION AND AGAIN THE VOTES CAN BE TO APPROVE, MODIFY, DEFER OR DISAPPROVE A CONCEPT. SO I ACTUALLY FOUND THIS VERY HELPFUL THAT YOU BROUGHT UP, YOUR CONCERNS ABOUT HOW YOU DO THIS, AND SEE THE CONTEXT THAT WE'RE TRYING TO DO THIS IN, 27 DIFFERENT WAYS TO DO IT WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROGRAMS. AND TO ME, ONE OF THE RICHEST PARTS OF THIS COUNCIL IS YOUR DIVERSITY, WHERE YOU COME FROM AND WHAT PERSONALLY STUDY OR DO RESEARCH ON. THAT'S ALSO A CHALLENGE. ANY MORE DISCUSSION NECESSARY ON THIS BEFORE YOU'RE ABLE TO VOTE ON THESE CHANGES THAT ARE DUE TO CONCEPT CLEARANCE? HOW MUCH TIME DO WE HAVE? >> MAYBE IT WOULD BE GOOD TO ACTUALLY CALL FOR A VOTE. KEVIN JUST MADE A SUGGESTION TO ME. DO YOU WANT ME TO SAY IT OR DO YOU WANT TO SAY IT YOURSELF? IT'S ON PAGE 8 UNDER 1.2. >> I THINK AS I WAS TRYING TO REFLECT ON THE CONVERSATION AND MAYBE HOW TO CONCISELY STATE WHAT I'VE HEARD, THERE WERE FOUR WORDS THAT NEEDED TO BE ADDED. SO WHERE IT SAYS FOR NEW CONCEPTS WHICH ARE DEVELOPED OVER TIME WITH INPUT FROM WORKSHOPS AND MEETINGS, PROGRAM STAFF WILL PROVIDE FOR GENERAL BACKGROUND, BOTH AFFIRMING AND DISSENTING, CLOSED PARENTHESES, AND THE REST OF IT STAYS EXACTLY THE SAME. >> FOR THOSE WHO LOOK AT THE ACTUAL DOCUMENT AS I SAID, IT'S ON PAGE 8 UNDER 1.2, WHERE IT'S THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND WE TALK ABOUT THE NEW CONCEPTS AND THE CLARIFICATION IS THAT WE ADD NOT JUST, YOU KNOW, LIKE I SUPPORT THIS, I SUPPORT THIS, BUT WHICH KIND OF ADDRESSES YOUR QUESTION TOO, WE WOULD ADD, YOU KNOW, POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE WOULD BE ANOTHER WAY TO PUT IT. >> AND I WOULD DO THE SAME FOR THE REISSUANCE, RIGHT? YOU KNOW, AND THE PAIR GRAVE BEFORE, SOME SORT OF WORDING, YOU KNOW, THAT AFTER PROGRAM DISCUSSION, THESE WERE THE LIMITATIONS FOUND AND THE LANGUAGE HAS BEEN FOUND TO ADDRESS THOSE OR WHATEVER, JUST TO GIVE US MORE CONTEXT. BECAUSE I DO THINK THAT THAT GIVES US -- >> WE CAN MODIFY -- >> ABSOLUTELY. AND I RECALL INSTANCES WHERE WE'VE DONE THAT. THIS IS A MODIFICATION REISSUED WITH THIS MODIFICATION FOR THIS REASON. >> OKAY. >> SO DO YOU WANT TO CALL FOR A VOTE? >> HOW ABOUT A VOTE ON THE ENTIRE THING, BECAUSE WE HAVE ALL OF THESE FRANKLY NICKEL AND DIME WORD CHANGES IF FOLKS WANT TO DISCUSS THOSE. SO THAT WAS THE BIG DEAL. AND THIS IS IMPORTANT, THE CONCEPT CLEARANCE ISSUE. THE SECOND ARE REALLY EDITS, THEY'RE WORD CHANGES, CLARIFICATIONS, FRANKLY SOME CORRECTIONS, AND THEY ARE IN RED FONT AND THEY'RE NOT ON PAGE 7 TO 10. AND WE CAN GO THROUGH THOSE IF YOU WANT, BUT IF YOU'VE LOOKED AT THEM, THEY'RE SIMPLY CORRECTIONS. ANY PREFERENCE? THEY'RE ON THE FOLLOWING SLIDES IF YOU WANT TO SEE THEM. FOR THE SAKE OF TRANSPARENCY, LET'S JUST RUN THROUGH THE SLIDES. THIS IS A FORMATTING ISSUE TO STREAMLINE TWO BULLETS PUT TOGETHER, A CLARIFICATION, CORRECTION, SOMETHING THAT WAS ACTUALLY NOT RIGHT. THIS LAST ONE ON PAGE 7, WE HAVE TO HAVE A QUORUM IN ORDER TO HAVE A VOTE. THAT WASN'T REALLY EXPLICIT IN THE TEXT. SO IT'S THINGS LIKE THAT. ANOTHER CLARIFICATION, ANOTHER CLARIFICATION. SO IF THAT WORKS FOR YOU, I'M GOING TO ASK FOR A MOTION TO APPROVE THIS YEAR'S COUNCIL OPERATING PROCEDURES WITH KEVIN'S AMENDMENT, AND THEN ALSO SAY THAT WE HEARD IT, HEARD WHAT YOU'RE SAYING AND WE'RE GOING TO PROVIDE MORE CONTEXT, AS WE TALKED ABOUT TODAY. IS THERE A SECOND? OKAY. ANY DISCUSSION? ALL IN FAVOR? AND ALL OPPOSED? >> AYE. >> OKAY. WE GOT PAUL, I HEARD PATTI, YES. >> AYE. >> ALL OPPOSED? ABSTENTIONS? OKAY. SO THAT'S PASSED WITH KEVIN'S AMENDMENT AND THAT'S THE PROCEDURES WE'LL USE FOR THE FOLLOWING YEAR, BUT WE WILL INCLUDE MORE DETAIL AS WE DISCUSSED TODAY. SO THANKS, THAT WAS REALLY HELPFUL. WE'RE GOING TO GO THEN TO OUR FIRST CONCEPT CLEARANCE. THIS IS FOR A REISSUANCE OF AN ORIP FUNDING OPPORTUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT FOR ORIP SPECIAL EMPHASIS CENTER CAREER AWARDS. THESE ARE KO1s, AND DR. STEPHANIE MURPHY, DIRECTOR OF THE DIVISION OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE, WILL WALK YOU THROUGH THE SLIDES. WE'RE REMINDING YOU THERE WAS A MORE LENGTHY DESCRIPTION IN TEXT THAT WAS SENT TO YOU. STEPHANIE? >> THANK YOU. GOOD MORNING. I WOULD LIKE TO BRIEFLY INTRODUCE FOR CONCEPT CLEARANCE COMPETITION SMALL GRANT PROGRAM FOR ORIP VETERINARY SCIENTIST SPECIAL EMPHASIS RESEARCH CAREER AWARD OR SERCA KO1 RECIPIENTS. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROGRAM IS TO FACILITTE SERCA KO1 RECIPIENTS' TRAN ZIPS TO IND PENSION -- FISCAL INDEPENDENCE, DEMONSTRATING ADDITIONAL SUCCESS IN PEER REVIEW COMPETITIONS AND GENERATING ADDITIONAL DATA AND PUBLICATIONS IN SUPPORT OF FUTURE R01 APPLICATIONS. THE FUNDS AVAILABLE AND THE ANTICIPATED NUMBER OF AWARDS FOR THIS PROGRAM ARE CONTINGENT UPON NIH APPROPRIATIONS AND THE SUBMISSION OF MERITORIOUS APPLICATIONS. THE PROJECT AWARD PERIOD IS TWO YEARS AND THE COUNCIL ACTION THAT WILL BE UNDER DISCUSSION IS A VOTE FOR CONTINUED SUPPORT OF THE SMALL GRANT PROGRAM FOR ORIP VETERINARY SCIENTIST SERCA KO1 RECIPIENTS. AS DISCUSSED IN THE BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH WORKFORCE WORKING GROUP REPORT FOR JUNE OF 2012, AND FURTHER EXPANDED UPON FROM THE PHYSICIAN SCIENTIST WORKFORCE WORKING GROUP REPORT FROM JUNE OF 2014, THE NIH HAS AN INTEREST IN DEVELOPING AND EXPANDING A PHYSICIAN SCIENTIST WORKFORCE THAT INCLUDES VETERINARY SCIENTISTS. THE SERCA KO1 GRANT SUPPORTED BY ORIP IN CONTRAST TO CAREER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AT OTHER INSTITUTES AND CENTERS ARE DESIGNED TO SPECIFICALLY TARGET VETERINARY SCIENTISTS, BIOMEDICAL RESEARCHERS WITH A VETERINARY DEGREE AND A MENTORED RESEARCH EXPERIENCE THAT ENABLES THEM TO BECOME INDEPENDENT RESEARCH INVESTIGATORS. IN FISCAL YEAR 19 ORIP SUPPORTED 25 ACTIVE SERCA KO1 AWARDS. R03 GRANTS HAVE BEEN USED BY NIDDK SINCE 2002 AND MORE RECENTLY BY NHLBI, NIAMS AND NIAID, TO COMPETITIVELY SUPPLEMENT CAREER DEVELOPMENT GRANTS SUCH AS KO1s DURING THE LAST TWO TO THREE YEARS OF THE K AWARD. AN ANALYSIS OF THE NIDDK R03 PROGRAM FROM 2002 TO 2014 SUGGESTS GREATER SUCCESS FOR K AWARDEES THAT RECEIVED AN R03 GRANT IN OBTAINING AN R01 GRANT. THUS ORIP SEEKS TO ENHANCE THE ABILITY OF ITS VETERINARY SCIENTIST SERCA KO1 RECIPIENTS TO CONDUCT RESEARCH AS THEY TRANSITION TO BECOMING INDEPENDENT RESEARCH INVESTIGATORS BY CONTINUING ITS OWN R03 SUPPLEMENT PROGRAM, WHICH WAS INITIATED IN FISCAL YEAR 2017. THE CONCEPT CLEARANCE FOR YOUR CONSIDERATION IS WHETHER TO CONTINUE SUPPORT FOR A LIMITED COMPETITION SMALL GRANT PROGRAM FOR ORIP VETERINARY SCIENTIST SERCA KO1 RECIPIENTS. >> STEPHANIE, YOU'RE FINISHED WITH YOUR PRESENTATION? >> I WAS GIVEN 3 MINUTES. [LAUGHTER] >> OKAY. DID ANYONE TIME HER? >> I'M LOOKING AT FRANZISKA. I DID IT. >> SO WE ASSIGNED TWO DISCUSSANTS, MICHAEL LARIMORE AND SUSAN SANCHEZ, AND WE'LL GO IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER AND START WITH MICHAEL. >> THANK YOU. THE R03 LIMITED COMPETITION PROGRAM HAS PROVIDED IMPORTANT SUPPORT FOR ORIP SPECIAL EMPHASIS RESEARCH AWARD SERCA KO1 AWARDEES. THE PROGRAM IS ALIGNED WITH THE ORIP STRATEGIC GOALS AND ADDRESSES NIH BIOMEDICAL AND PHYSICIAN SCIENTIST WORKFORCE REPORTS WHICH PROVIDED DATA THAT THESE DBMs THAT HAVE RECEIVED K AWARDS ARE HIGHLY COMPETITIVE FOR R GRANTS. VETERINARY SCIENCES ARE A UNIQUE AND CRITICAL COMPONENT OF THE BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH WORKFORCE. AS INDICATED IN RECENT REPORTS, EVMs FACE UNIQUE CHALLENGES TO ENTER A RESEARCH CAREER. FOR EXAMPLE UNLIKE PHYSICIANS WHO SUPPORTED BY A WELL ESTABLISHED MEDICAL SCIENCE TRAINING PROGRAM, THERE IS NOT A YOU OOO NEEK VETERINARY TRAINING PROGRAM FOR PH.D. DEVELOP WILL. IN ADDITION, BASED ON CURRENT NATIONAL DEMOGRAPHIC DATA ON THE HIGH PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN IN VETERINARY FIELD, DVMs WILL BE AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF WOMEN AS ROLE MODELS IN STEM FIELDS. THE R03 MECHANISM PROVIDES AN IMPORTANT EARLY YEAR OPPORTUNITY FOR RECIPIENTS TO OBTAIN LIMITED -- FOR FUTURE R01 GRANTS AND HELPS ACCELERATE THE SCIENTIFIC CAREERS OF RECIPIENTS. IMPORTANTLY, THE PROGRAM IS SUPPORTED BY A NUMBER OF NIH INSTITUTES WHO RECOGNIZE THE VALUE OF SUCH A PROGRAM TO FOSTER THE TRANSITION FROM K GRANT TO R GRANT. THE ANALYSIS OF NIDDK R03 PROGRAMS THAT FOUND SUCCESSFUL R03 APPLICANTS HAVE GREATER SUCCESS IN OBTAINING R01 GRANTS IS IMPORTANT AND SHOULD BE EXTENDED TO OTHER NIH INSTITUTES THAT DEPLOY THIS MECHANISM. THE HIGH PERCENTAGE OF APPLICANTS FOR R03 GRANTS AND THE SUCCESS RATES OF THE APPLICANTS IS LAUDABLE AND INDICATE A VALUABLE MECHANISM TO SUPPORT THE CAREER OF AWARDEES. IT WILL BE IMPORTANT THAT ORIP CONTINUE TO ANALYZE THE IMPACT OF THE R03 PROGRAM ON CAREER TRAJECTORIES OF THE RECIPIENTS COMPARED TO THOSE THAT DO NOT APPLY OR ARE UNSUCCESSFUL IN THEIR APPLICATIONS. I STRONGLY RECOMMEND THAT THE COUNCIL SUPPORT ORIP'S REQUEST FOR THE COUNCIL CLEARANCE TO CONTINUE SUPPORT FOR THE LIMITED COMPETITION OF THIS SMALL GRANT PROGRAM FOR ORIP VETERINARY SCIENTIST SERCA RECIPIENTS R03. >> MY COLLEAGUE HASSLE QENTLY HAS ELOQUENT LY PUT EVERYTHING. I DON'T HAVE MUCH TO ADD EXCEPT IT'S JUST EARLY WITH ONE SET OF AWARDS AND COMING UP WITH THE SECOND, SO SO REALLY, WE CAN'T EVALUATE THIS PROGRAM UNTIL WE HAVE MORE DATA, BUT I STRONGLY SUPPORT IT. >> THANK YOU. WE'LL OPEN IT UP FOR QUESTIONS, COMMENTS, DISCUSSION. STEPHANIE, DO YOU WANT TO STEP BACK UP? THANK YOU. >> THIS IS PATTI HEARN, IF I MIGHT OFFER BOTH A COMMENT AND QUESTION. FIRST OF ALL THE DISCUSSANTS DID A TERRIFIC JOB SUMMARIZING ALL THE KEY POINTS AND I CONCUR WITH THOSE. I WOULD ONLY ADD AN EX-DOTELY LIFE HAD A GREAT DEAL OF EXPERIENCE WITH INDIVIDUALS WHO WERE RECIPIENTS OF THESE AWARDS, AND THOSE INDIVIDUALS HAVE GONE ON TO HAVE VERY STRONG AND SUCCESSFUL SCIENTIFIC CAREERS. SO IF I THINK ABOUT IMPACT, I CAN JUST ADD AN ANECDOTAL SUPPORT OF THIS ON THE BASIS OF EXPERIENCES I'VE HAD MY QUESTION FOR DR. MURPHY IS IT'S ALWAYS NICE TO BE THINKING ABOUT WHAT WE OH DO WITH THESE TO MAKE THEM CONTEMPORARY AND LOOKING TOWARD THE FUTURE OF WHAT WE WANT FOR VETERINARY SCIENTISTS. COULD YOU BRIEFLY MAKE ANY COMMENTS THAT AS WE GO FORWARD, IF PRESUMING THAT WE VOTE TO CONTINUE SUPPORT, ANYTHING THAT WOULD BE CONVINCING TO US THAT IN FACT THIS IS FORWARD THINKING AND IS ADDRESS THE FUTURE? >> GREAT QUESTION. I WANT TO REFERENCE A WORKSHOP THAT ORIP DID IN 2015 THAT ACTUALLY FOCUSED ON THE ROLE -- UP AND COMING ROLE, THE CURRENT ROLE OF THE VETERINARY SCIENTISTS IN THE BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH ENTERPRISE. WE HAD A LOT OF THESE DISCUSSIONS. THERE ARE VARIOUS DIRN DIFFERENT ROLES EMPHASIZED BEING INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATORS, PART OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH THEMES BECAUSE VETERINARIANS BRING A BROAD SET OF SKILLS TO THE TABLE IN THINKING ABOUT RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES. AND MOVING FORWARD, WE DID HAVE A RECENT EXPERT PANEL FORUM LAST YEAR, AGAIN BECAUSE WE WANT TO KEEP UP WITH THE CURRENT NEEDS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF WHERE RESEARCH IS GOING AND WHAT ARE GOING TO BE ADDITIONAL SKILL SETS THAT VETERINARIAN SCIENTISTS MIGHT NEED AS WELL TO OPTIMIZE THE CURRENT SKILL SETS THEY HAVE. WE'VE BEEN TALKING ABOUT A FOLLOW-ON WORKSHOP TO THINK ABOUT THIS. BUT WE'VE BEEN THINKING MORE IN TERMS OF PATHWAYS RATHER THAN SPECIFIC RESEARCH AREAS IN ORDER TO ENHANCE THE MULTIDISCIPLINARY POTENTIAL OF VETERINARIAN SCIENTISTS. >> GREAT, THANK YOU. I FIND THAT A VERY ATTRACTIVE ANSWER. >> THE COMMENT THAT SAYS THAT INDICATES INCREASED SUCCESS SOUNDS MODEST, WHAT DOES THAT ACTUALLY LOOK LIKE? >> I ACTUALLY HAVE SOME OF THE DATA FROM THE ANALYSIS THAT WAFS THAT WAS DONE OF THE NIDDK R03 PROGRAM. THE ANALYSIS WAS BASED ON KO8 APPLICATIONS FROM 1998 TO 2001. R03 APPLICATIONS FROM 2002 TO 2014 AND R01 APPLICATIONS FROM 2002 TO 2014, THEY LOOKED AT APPLICATION RATE AS WELL AS AWARD RATE. SO RELATIVE TO R01 APPLICATION RATES FOR KO1 RECIPIENTS, THEY LOOKED AT THOSE WHO DID NOT APPLY, THOSE THAT APPLIED AND DID NOT RECEIVE THE AWARD, AND THOSE THAT RECEIVED THE AWARD, AND FOR EXASM FOR THOSE THAT DID NOT APPLY FOR THE R03, THE APPLICATION WAS 52% FOR R01 AND VERSUS -- THEN RELATIVE TO AWARD RATES, THOSE THAT DID NOT APPLY FOR AN R03 BUT APPLIED FOR AN R01, THEY HAD A 54% AWARD RATE, AND THOSE THAT RECEIVED AN R03 KO1 RECIPIENT AND APPLIED FOR AN R01 THEIR AWARD RATE WAS 64%. >> WAS THAT FOR VETERINARY APPLICANTS OR THAT'S GENERAL KO1? I'M ASKING WHAT THE SUCCESS HAS BEEN FOR THIS. >> WELL, AGAIN, IT'S -- >> IS IT TOO SOON? >> WE JUST ISSUED THE FUNDING OPPORTUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT IN 2017. WE RECEIVED OUR FIRST ROUND OF APPLICATIONS IN 2018 AND WE MADE OUR FIRST ROUND OF AWARDS IN 2019. SO IT'S -- IN ABOUT FIVE YEARS, WE HAVE PLANS TO DO AN EVALUATION TO LOOK AT THE IMPACT, WE'LL LOOK AT THOSE WHO -- AGAIN, THE SAME THREE CATEGORIES, THOSE WHO DID NOT APPLY, THOSE WHO APPLIED BUT DID NOT GET AN R03 AND THOSE WHO APPLIED WHO DID AND LOOK AT WHAT POSITIONS THEY HOLD, PUBLICATIONS, LOOK AT THEIR APPLICATIONS, TO GIVE US MORE INFORMATION TO SEE IF THIS INVESTMENT IS MOVING IN THE DIRECTION THAT WE THINK IT WILL. >> I'LL JUST SAY I'M ENORMOUSLY SUPPORTIVE OF THIS. I THINK THE OPPORTUNITY TO THE OPPORTUNITY TO MARRY THE COMPETITIVE QUESTIONS THAT VETERINARIANS BRING WITH THOSE WHO STUDY HUMAN BUY ALONG IS JUST INCREDIBLE, BIOLOGY IS JUST INCREDIBLE. I DO THINK WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT THE POTENTIAL FOR COST BENEFIT, THIS IS CHEAP. AND IF YOU CAN GET SOME OF THESE INDIVIDUALS INTO THIS CAREER PATH, AND GIVE THEM THE SUPPORT, THE BENEFITS ARE GOING TO BE ENORMOUS. SO MY ONLY COMMENT IS DO THE BEST YOU CAN IN THE METRIC ANALYSIS, I THINK THIS IS A GOOD WAY TO DO IT, AND I THINK THE NIDDK EXPERIENCE SUGGESTS THAT IT IS. BUT I JUST HAVE REALLY ROBUST TOOLS TO FIGURE OUT WHAT THE OUTCOMES ARE BUT NOT TRYING THIS I THINK AT THIS TIME WITH ALL OF THE INTEREST AND IMPORTANCE ON THIS TRANSITION PHASE FOR JUNIOR INVESTIGATORS, IT WOULD BE A SHAME NOT TO DO IT. >> I AGREE THIS REALLY LOOKS LIKE AN ATTRACTIVE MECHANISM THAT HAS SOME GOOD DATA OUT OF ONE INSTITUTE SO I GUESS I HAVE A QUESTION -- TWO QUESTIONS. IT LOOKS LIKE FOUR DIFFERENT INSTITUTES HAVE SUPPORTED THIS APPROACH IN THE PAST. YOU PROVIDED US WITH SOME OF THE DATA FROM NIDDK ABOUT THIS. DO THE OTHER INSTITUTES HAVE ANY OUTCOME DATA WITH THEIR EXPERIENCE AND IS THIS A MECHANISM OBVIOUSLY VALUABLE IN THIS CONTEXT BUT ARE THERE OTHER INSTITUTES THAT ARE ATTRACTED TO THIS APPROACH FOR THEIR K AWARDEES? >> THE THREE INSTITUTES I MENTIONED, THEY SET UP THEIR PROGRAMS IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS USING THE MODEL OF THE NIDDK R03 PROGRAM. THAT'S WHY THE DATA ANALYSIS FOCUSED ON THAT PROGRAM BECAUSE IT'S THE LONGEST RUNNING OF THE PROGRAMS. I AM NOT AWARE AT THIS TIME OF OUTCOME DATA BUT I HAVEN'T SPECIFICALLY LOOKED AT THEIR OUTCOME DATA SINCE THEY'RE FAIRLY NEW PROGRAMS AS WELL. BUT WE'VE BEEN LOOKING TO OTHER ICs WITH SIMILAR PROGRAMS TO TRY TO HAVE A REFERENCE POINT FOR HOW WE THINK ABOUT THIS PROGRAM AND HOW WE'LL EVALUATE THIS PROGRAM. >> DO WE NO IF THIS IS BEING CONSIDERED BY OTHER NIH INSTITUTES AT THIS POINT AS AN APPROACH? >> BEYOND THE FOUR THAT I MENTIONED? >> RIGHT. >> I WOULD ASSUME THEY WOULD BRING THEM AS CONCEPT CLEARANCES TO THIS COUNCIL IF THEY ARE. I'M NOT AWARE OF OTHER ICs HAVING THESE DISCUSSIONS AT THIS TIME. >> I'D LIKE TO SHARE A COMMENT AS A FORMER RYE SIP RECIPIENT OF AN R03 FROM NIDDK, TREMENDOUS SUPPORT WE RECEIVED, I HOPE THIS SUPPORT IS ALSO OFFERED TO THESE APPLICANTS. >> I JUST HAVE ONE COMMENT TO ADD, I THINK THEY'RE SORT OF COMING FROM THIS DISCUSSION, I THINK THERE WILL BE SOME REALLY TERRIFIC OPPORTUNITIES TO ACTUALLY DO SOME META-ANALYSIS. THESE ARE ALL -- THE DIFFERENT ICs ARE RELATIVELY SMALL PROGRAMS AND GIVEN THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS STAGE IN CAREER DEVELOPMENT, I THINK THERE WILL BE SOME NICE OPPORTUNITIES TO TRY TO GATHER METADATA ACROSS THESE PROGRAMS AS THEY MATURE TO PROVIDE EVIDENCE THAT IN FACT THIS IS SOMETHING IMPORTANT AND USEFUL TO DO AND SO THAT WOULD BE A GREAT OPPORTUNITY WE SHOULD TAKE ADVANTAGE. >> I UNDERSTAND THE R03 PROGRAM IS AVAILABLE EVEN IF YOU'RE NOT PART OF THIS, SO THIS MAKES IT A LIMITED COMPETITION SO MAYBE MAKES IT A LITTLE BIT EASIER FOR THEM TO GET FUNDED BUT THE R03 IS AVAILABLE LIKE WHETHER YOU HAVE THE KO1 OR NOT, RIGHT? >> THERE IS A PARENT R03 FUNDING OPPORTUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT. THIS IS ACTUALLY A SOLICITED R03 FUNDING OPPORTUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT THAT'S IN ADDITION TO THE PARENT. SAME AS WITH THE OTHER ICs THAT I MENTIONED, THEY HAVE TARGETED -- >> I GUESS I WASN'T SURE WHAT DOESN'T STOP ANYONE FROM APPLYING FOR THE R03 SO WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE OF HAVING THIS ADDITIONAL OPPORTUNITY? >> IT ALLOWS US SPECIFICALLY TO TARGET VETERINARY SCIENTISTS, VETERINARY SCIENTISTS THAT WE'VE ALREADY MADE AN INITIAL INVESTMENT IN. WHEN WE HAD THE WORKSHOP, THERE WERE THREE AREAS THAT WERE IDENTIFIED AS CHALLENGES FOR VETERINARY SCIENTISTS. HAVING PROTECTED TIME, AND THAT'S WHAT THE K PROGRAM DOES, DEBT MANAGEMENT, THAT'S WHAT THE LOAN REPAYMENT DOES, AND THEN BEING ABLE TO HAVE RESEARCH SUPPORT TO ALLOW THEM TO MAKE THAT TRANSITION, THAT WAS THE GAP THAT WE IDENTIFIED. AND THE PARENT R03 WAS AVAILABLE AT THAT TIME BUT IT WAS FELT HAVING ONE SPECIFICALLY TARGETED TO THIS PARTICULAR POPULATION OF PHYSICIAN SCIENTISTS WOULD BE MORE EFFECTIVE. >> THE FACILITATING DEVELOPMENT -- IT'S AN ORIP MISSION, SO THAT'S WHY THE TARGET HERE. >> I HAVE A GENERAL COMMENT R03, I SERVE ON THE NIDCD COUNCIL, WE HAD R03 -- FOR WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED EXTREMELY HELPFUL FOR -- TO RECRUIT YOUNG SCIENTISTS, THEY COMPETE WITH R01 WHICH IS DIFFICULT FOR THE NEW SCIENTISTS, I THINK THIS IS A GREAT MECHANISM, WE CAN PROBABLY THINK ABOUT KEEPING IN MIND WHETHER WE COULD HAVE MORE OPPORTUNITIES FOR R03. >> I'M VERY FAMILIAR WITH R03 AND ALWAYS ENCOURAGE MY JUNIOR INVESTIGATOR WHETHER THEY HAVE A K AWARD OR NOT TO GET FUNDING FOR PRELIMINARY DATA, AND ALSO WHAT IS THE BUDGET FOR THIS R03? >> WELL, IN FISCAL YEAR '19, WE MADE SIX AWARDS AND THAT WAS APPROXIMATELY $700,000. FOR THIS PARTICULAR R03 PROGRAM. >> [INAUDIBLE] >> THE PARENT? I DON'T KNOW WHAT THE BUDGETS ARE FOR EACH OF THE -- OF ALL THE PARTICIPATING INSTITUTES AND CENTERS. >> THE REASON I BRING THIS UP IS BECAUSE THE REGULAR PARENT R03 THAT WE'RE TALKING ABOUT THAT'S ACROSS ALL INSTITUTIONS ARE TYPICALLY ONLY $50,000, BUT NIDA HAS AN IMAGING R03 AND AIDS R03 SPECIFIC BECAUSE IT TAKES A LITTLE BIT MORE MONEY TO DO IMAGING RESEARCH SO IT'S $150,000 FOR ONE YEAR, AND SO -- AND THEN NIPIP RECENTLY STARTED THE $150,000 R03 ALSO, WHICH I THINK GOES A LITTLE BIT FARTHER AND MUCH MORE USEFUL. SO I'M JUST BRINGING THAT UP. >> THIS IS A MODIFIED R03. THE BUDGET IS $75,000 A YEAR. SO IT'S $150,000 OVER THE TWO-YEAR PERIOD. THAT WAS ANOTHER REASON WE WANTED TO HAVE A TARGETED R03. >> RIGHT. I WANTED TO BRING THAT UP BECAUSE I THINK THAT WOULD BE MORE HELPFUL. >> -- [INAUDIBLE] PER YEAR FOR THREE YEARS. >> SO I HEAR A LOT OF SUPPORT AND A LOT OF GOOD INPUT. I'M GOING TO ASK FOR A MOTION FOR CONCURRENCE FOR THE R03 PROGRAM, FOR ORIP SPECIAL EMPHASIS RESEARCH -- THE KO1. IS THERE SUCH A MOTION? >> SO MOVED. >> ANY SECONDS? ANY DISCUSSION? ALL THOSE IN FAVOR, SAY AYE. >> AYE. >> ALL THOSE OPPOSED, SAY NAY. ANY VOTES FROM THE PHONE? PATTI OR PAUL? >> AYE. >> AYE. >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. THE MOTION FOR THE R03 HAS PASSED. >> OKAY, THANKS. WE HAVE A FEW MINUTES AND WE'LL TAKE A BREAK IN A SECOND. AND KEVIN WANTS TO ADD SOMETHING. FRANCIS IS GOING TO START EXACTLY AT 9:30. >> WOULD YOU LIKE TO START? >> WELL, SURE. >> OKAY. SO FRANCIS NEEDS NOINTRODUCTION. I JUST WANT TO NOTE THAT IN JULY, HE REACHED HIS TENTH YEAR AS DIRECTOR OF THE NIH. AND HE HAS BEEN A STEADY GUIDING HAND AT THE WHEEL FOR A DECADE AND HAS BROUGHT NIH BACK TO HIGHER FUNDING LEVELS, HE HAS ALLIES ACROSS CONGRESS, AND JUST PERSONALLY HE IS AN AMAZING GUY TO WORK FOR. IT'S A LOT OF WORK SOME DAYS BUT HE'S AN INSPIRATION. FRANCIS, THANK YOU. >> WELL, THANK YOU. JIM, FOR THOSE KIND REMARKS. MAY I SAY, IT IS A JOY TO WORK WITH YOU IN ALL THE WAYS THAT YOU LEAD OUR EFFORTS AT DPCPSI AND PARTICULARLY THE GATHERINGS LIKE THIS ONE OF THE COUNCIL OF COUNCILS, ALL THE STAFF THAT'S HERE REPRESENTED IN THE ROOM FROM DPCPSI, DESERVES A LOT OF CREDIT FOR THEIR LEADERSHIP ACROSS A WIDE VARIETY OF CLAL ENGING TOPICS AND IT'S ALWAYS A PRESSURE TO HAVE A CHANCE TO MEET WITH JIM AND HIS TEAM WHICH WE DO EVERY MONTH AND GO OVER SOME ASPECT OF WHAT'S HAPPENING IN THIS VERY FAST MOVING AND EXCITING PART OF NIH. OUR VENTURE CAPITAL SPACE AS I'M FOND OF REFERRING TO THE CAPITAL FUND. THE COMMON FUND. HAVING A CHANCE TO MEET WITH THIS COUNCIL OF COUNCILS ON A REGULAR BASIS IS ALWAYS A POSITIVE EXPERIENCE FOR ME. I ALWAYS HAVE TO DECIDE WHICH AMONG THE MANY POSSIBLE TOPICS I MIGHT TOUCH UPON BECAUSE THERE'S SO MANY THINGS GOING ON RIGHT NOW AT NIH THAT MIGHT BE RELEVANT TO DISCUSS WITH ALL OF YOU SO I'VE DONE THE USUAL KIND OF GRABBING FROM THE SMORGASBORD TO OFFER YOU UP A FEW THOUGHTS BUT THEN I HOPE WE CAN HAVE TIME FOR SOME DISCUSSION. AGAIN MY THANKS TO ALL OF YOU FOR SPENDING YOUR TIME GIVING SAGE ADVICE ABOUT A LOT OF INVESTMENTS THAT WE ARE TRYING TO MAKE AT THIS VERY EXCITING TIME SCIENTIFICALLY. I THOUGHT I MIGHT START OFF BY SAYING A WORD OR TWO ABOUT LEADERSHIP ISSUES AT NIH BECAUSE WITH 27 INSTITUTES AND CENTERS, PEOPLE DON'T ALWAYS STAY FOR LIFE SO WE HAVE TURNOVERS WITH I IS A GOOD THING, BECAUSE IT GIVES US A CHANCE TO BRING ON NEW LEADERSHIP AND, IN FACT, WE HAVE JUST SEEN IN THE LAST FEW WEEKS LEADERSHIP ANNOUNCEMENTS AS FAR AS RETIREMENTS WITH PAUL SEEVING WHO HAD BEEN THE DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE LEAVING TO START AN ENTIRELY NEW CENTER FOR REGENERATIVE MEDICINE AS APPLIED TO EYE DISEASES AT U.C. DAVIS. WE HAD A FAREWELL FOR PAUL YESTERDAY. AND LINDA BIRNBAUM, DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SIGH INS FOR A HEALTH SCIENCES FOR A LITTLE OVER 10 YEARS ANNOUNCING HER RETIREMENT. WE ARE ENGAGED IN A VIGOROUS SEARCH PROCESS TO TRY TO IDENTIFY THE NEXT LEADER. WE'VE DONE PRETTY WELL WITH THAT OVER THE COURSE OF THE 10 YEARS THAT I'VE HAD A CHANCE TO BE INVOLVED IN SETTING UP THOSE SEARCH COMMITTEES AND THEN TRYING TO GET TO A SHORTLIST AND ULTIMATELY MAKE AN OFFER AND ALMOST ALL THE TIME WE HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFUL IN GETTING OUR FIRST CHOICE TO AGREE TO COME TO NIH, TAKE A PAY CUT, LIVE IN THE GOVERNMENT SITUATION, BUT HAVE A CHANCE TO LEAD A REALLY REMARKABLE SET OF OPPORTUNITIES IN SCIENCE. AND THAT'S BASICALLY WHY I THINK WE WIN ON THOSE. WE HAVE TWO NEW HIRES I CAN TELL YOU ABOUT OF ICs. ONE IS NONI BYRNES, AFTER HAVING BEEN AT THE CENTER FOR SCIENTIFIC REVIEW AGREED TO BECOME THE DIRECTOR AND A VERY CAPABLE AND THOUGHTFUL AND CREATIVE DIRECTOR SHE IS. AND JUST ON MONDAY, OR MAYBE IT WAS TUESDAY, I HAD THE CHANCE TO SWEAR IN DEBARA TUCCI, NEW DIRECTOR OF NIDCD. SHE IS AN ENT SURGEON THAT WE RECRUITED FROM DUKE AND ARRIVES, I THINK, WITH A LOT OF INTERESTING VISION ABOUT THINGS THAT WE CAN DO IN THAT PART OF NIH'S RESEARCH AGENDA. AND TARA S CHWETZ AGREED TO COME ON AS THE ASSOCIATE DEPUTY DIRECTOR ASSISTING LARRY TABAK WHO'S THE PRINCIPAL PRINCIPAL DEPUTY IN A WIDE VARIETY OF THINGS WE'RE TRYING TO DO ACROSS NIH SO THESE ARE ALL SIGNIFICANT CHANGES. HAPPY TO SAY, AS IT HAS NOW BEEN MORE THAN 10 YEARS SINCE I STEPPED INTO THIS ROLE, ONE OF THE THINGS THAT I THINK IN THE LONG RUN IS MAYBE THE MOST IMPORTANT ROLES OF THE NIH DIRECTOR IS TO TRY TO MANAGE THESE RECRUITMENTS AND BE SURE WE'RE BRINGING IN THE KIND OF TALENT THAT CAN LEAD THE ENTERPRISE. NOW WITH 27 INSTITUTES AND CENTERS I CAN LOOK AROUND THE TABLE AND TAKE CREDIT FOR 17 OF THEM WHO HAVE BEEN HIRED SINCE I HAVE ARRIVED. HAPPY TO SAY OF THE LAST SIX, FIVE HAVE BEEN WOMEN AND THAT IS A VERY STRONG MOTIVATION ON OUR PART TO TRY TO DO A BETTER JOB OF BALANCING THE DIVERSITY OF OUR LEADERSHIP AND WE'RE DETERMINED TO CONTINUE THAT PATHWAY. THOUGHT I'D TELL YOU ABOUT A FUN LITTLE THING, A CREATION OF A HALL OF FAME FOR GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES. THE GOVERNMENT HALL OF FAME HAS JUST ANNOUNCED THAT THEY EXIST AND THEY'RE INAUGUST INAUGURATING THEIR FIRST CLASS TO BE A GOVERNMENT EXECUTIVE HALL OF FAME. YOU HAVE TO BE AN SEC TV BUT DON'T NECESSARILY HAVE TO BE DOING YOUR JOB RIGHT NOW. SO THERE'S THE CHARACTERS THAT ARING ARE GOING TO BE INAUGURATED NEXT WEEK, A VARIETY FROM ASTRONAUTS, TEDDY ROOSEVELT IS THERE, WITH BUT SO OF COURSE IS OUR OWN TONY FAUCI WHO IS STILL VERY MUCH ON THE JOB LEADING NIE NIAID AND IF YOU TURN ON YOUR TELEVISION ON ANY GIVEN MOMENT WHERE ANYBODY IS TALKING ABOUT INFLUENZA, ZIKA, EBOLA OR HIV YOU CONTINUE TO HEAR FROM TONY WHO IS A REMARKABLE LEADER IN THIS SPACE AND CONTINUES TO RUN A VERY ACTIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM HIMSELF SO HOORAY FOR KNOW KNEE TONY GETTING INTO THIS FIRST CLASS OF THE GOVERNMENT HALL OF FAME. WHERE WE ARE AS FAR AS RESOURCES, MAYBE THE MOST INFORMATIVE DIAGRAM IS THIS ONE. THIS SHOWS YOU WHAT OUR FUNDING TRAJECTORY HAS BEEN. NOW THIS IS CORRECTED FOR THE BIOMEDICAL INFLATION INDEX. THE SO CALLED BIRD PIE. AND YOU CAN SEE THAT WE HAVE THAT LOVELY DOUBLING FROM '98 TO 2003, BUT THEN WE HAD A REALLY TOUGH PERIOD OVER THE COURSE OF THE NEXT 12 YEARS WHERE WE LOST A LITTLE MORE THAN 20% OF OUR PURCHASING POWER FOR RESEARCH BASED UPON FLAT BUDGETS AND THEN THAT AWFUL THING IN 2013 CALLED SEQUESTRATION CAUSED A FURTHER DIP. BUT NOTICE HOW THINGS HAVE CHANGED. BEGINNING IN 2015, WE BEGAN TO SEE THIS UPTICK IN OUR FORTUNES, AND THAT WAS DUE TO A STRONG COMMITMENT ON THE PART OF THE U.S. CONGRESS, BOTH PARTIES, BOTH HOUSES, TO CORRECT WHAT THEY BEGAN TO PERCEIVE AS HAD BEEN A REAL LOSS OF AN INVESTMENT THAT THEY HAVE COME TO VALUE GREATLY. AND YOU SEE, THEREFORE, WE HAVE, IN FACT, NOT QUITE MADE IT BACK UP TO WHERE WE WERE IN 2003 BUT WE'RE GETTING QUITE CLOSE. THAT RED BAR THERE IS THE HOUSE MARK FOR 2020 FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO TRACK THIS DAILY, YOU WILL KNOW THIS IS AN IMPORTANT WEEK BECAUSE THE SENATE NOW HAS TO MAKE THEIR DECISION ABOUT WHAT THE MARK WILL BE FOR 2020 NOW THAT WE HAVE FORTUNATELY ACHIEVED A BUDGET AGREEMENT THAT GIVES THEM A NUMBER THEY CAN WORK WITH. THE HOUSE DID GIVE US A PLUS OF $2 BILLION, THE SENATE, WE HOPE, WILL DO AS WELL OR MAYBE EACH A LITTLE EVEN A LITTLE BETTER. WATCH THIS SPACE CLOSELY BECAUSE THIS IS GOING TO BE A MONTH WHERE A LOT OF DEALS ARE BEING DONE. IT SEEMS UNLIKELY THAT WE WILL ACTUALLY HAVE OUR BUDGET BY OCTOBER 1ST, EVEN THOUGH THAT'S WHEN IT'S SUPPOSED TO HAPPEN, BUT YOU WILL PROBABLY KNOW THAT THAT'S ONLY HAPPENED ONCE IN THE LAST 25 YEARS, IT HAPPENED TO BE LAST YEAR WHERE WE HAD A WONDERFUL EXPERIENCE OF ACTUALLY KNOWING WHAT WE HAD TO SPEND ON THE FIRST DAY OF THE FISCAL YEAR. THIS YEAR IT SOUNDS WE'RE LIKELY TO GET AT LEAST A ONE MONTH DELAY IN WHAT'S CALLED A CONTINUING RESOLUTION BUT MAYBE BY NOVEMBER, WE WILL ACTUALLY HAVE OUR BUDGET AND MAYBE, AGAIN, IT WILL BE A PRETTY GOOD ONE. THAT WOULD BE FIVE YEARS IN A ROW OF SIGNIFICANT UPTICK EVEN AT A TIME WHERE CONGRESS IS HAVING TO TAKE A TOUGH APPROACH TO MANY OTHER ASPECTS OF THE BUDGET, I THINK THAT DOES REFLECT THAT OVER THOSE YEARS, WE HAVE SEEN COMING REALLY TO THE FORE SOME REMARKABLE LEADERS IN THE CONGRESS IN BOTH PARTIES WHO SEE THIS AS ALONG WITH DEFENSE THE MOST IMPORTANT THING THAT THE GOVERNMENT DOES. THEY DON'T THINK OF IT AS A COST, THEY THINK OF IT AS AN INVESTMENT. I THINK THEY'RE RIGHT ABOUT THAT, AND IT'S AN INVESTMENT, OF COURSINGS IN OF COURSE, IN HUMAN HEALTH BUT IT'S ALSO ECONOMICALLY A REALLY GOOD DEAL IN TERMS OF THE RETURNS THAT COME FORWARD FOR EVERY DOLLAR THAT WE SPEND. SO I CONTINUE TO BE OPTIMISTIC THAT WE'RE ON A ROLE HERE, THAT THE IDEA THAT WAS PUT FORWARD FIVE OR SIX YEARS AGO OF TURNING THAT CORNER AND TRYING TO GIVE NIH SOMETHING ALONG THE LINES OF INFLATION PLUS 3 OR 4% OR MAYBE 5% HAS ALMOST BECOME KIND OF THE NORM AND THE EXPECTATION, AND THAT SEEMS TO BE SUSTAINED NOW, DESPITE SOME ELECTIONS THAT HAVE HAPPENED ALONG THE WAY AND WE HOPE THAT WILL CONTINUE GOING FORWARD. WE CAN SURE USE THOSE DOLLARS, AS ALL OF YOU KNOW WHO TRACK US CLOSELY, OUR SUCCESS RATES ARE STILL NOT WHERE THEY SHOULD BE, RUNNING IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF 18 TO 20%, SUCCESS RATES ACROSS NIH WITH VARIETY OF NUMBERS THERE DEPENDING ON WHICH INSTITUTE FOR FULL HEALTHY ORGANIZATION IT SHOULD BE MORE LIKE 30% BECAUSE WE KNOW THAT GRANTS FAIL TO GET FUNDED BECAUSE THEY'RE IN THAT ZONE BETWEEN 20 AND 30 ARE PROBABLY JUST AS GOOD IN TERMS OF THEIR PRODUCTIVITY, MANY OF THE PORTFOLIO ANALYSES HAVE DOCK UMENT OOOD SO WE'RE STILL LEAVING GOOD SCIENCE ON THE TABLE AND WE WILL CONTINUE TO MAKE THAT CASE FOR ANYONE WHO'S LISTENING. BUT AT LEAST WE'RE SEEING POSITIVE FORWARD MOTIONS. ONE ASPECT OF THAT WHICH I THINK IS PARTICULARLY GRATIFYING IS HOW THIS HAS ENABLED US TO REALLY PUT THE FOCUS ON FIRST TIME APPLICANTS, EARLY STAGE INVESTIGATORS WHO'VE NOT PREVIOUSLY HAD AN NIH GRANT. AGAIN, I THINK WE DECIDED MANY YEARS AGO THAT OUGHT TO BE A PRIORITY BY HAVING THOSE INVESTIGATORS COMPETE AGAINST EACH OTHER INSTEAD OF THE MOST EXPERIENCED GRANT-WRITERS BUT THAT WASN'T ENOUGH REALLY, I THINK, TO GIVE HOPES TO A LOT EARLY STAGE INVESTIGATORS WHO WERE FINDING IT QUITE DIFFICULT TO GET THEIR LABS GOING AND MANY OF THEM GETTING DISCOURAGED AND GIVING UP OR MOVING TO OTHER COUNTRIES. WE'VE REALLY MADE A BIG PUSH TO TRY TO CHANGE THAT BY ASKING ALL OF THE INSTITUTES TO PRIORITIZE ANY EARLY STAGE INVESTIGATOR WHO SCORES IN THE TOP 25% AND PUT THAT ON THE PAY LIST. WE'RE TRACKING THAT CLOSELY. LAST YEAR WE MADE A GOAL OF 1100 TO TRY TO REACH. THAT WOULD CONTRAST QUITE DRAMATICALLY WITH 600, WHICH IS WHAT WE FUNDED IN 2015, SO ALMOST ASKING FOR DOUBLING. WHEN THE DUST ALL SETTLED, IT WASN'T 1100, IT WAS 1287 OF THOSE EARLY STAGE INVESTIGATORS THAT GOT THEIR EQUIVALENT FUNDED. THIS YEAR WE'RE TRACKING CLOSELY, I'M WATCHING THIS SORT OF WEEK BY WEEK, WE'RE OVER A THOUSAND, AND AIMING FOR 1100 AGAIN. I THINK WE'LL MAKE IT AND I HOPE YOU ALL WOULD AGREE THE KINDS OF THINGS THAT WE NEED TO PRIORITIZE, THIS SORT OF HAS TO BE AT THE TOP OF THE LIST. THE TOPICS I THOUGHT I WOULD TOUCH ON TODAY, AND AGAIN THIS IS A BIT ARBITRARY IN TERMS OF CHOOSING ONE VERSUS THE OTHER ARE THE FOUR THAT YOU SEE HERE. I'M GOING TO WALK THROUGH EACH ONE OF THOSE FAIRLY BRIEFLY AND THEN I HOPE WE'LL HAVE A CHANCE FOR DISCUSSION. THE FIRST OF THEM IS THIS VERY HEAVY LIFT INITIATIVE TO TRY TO BRING THE BEST SCIENCE TO BEAR ON WHAT IS CLEARLY A NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH CRISIS, WHICH IS THE OPIOID ADDICTION CRISIS ASSOCIATED WITH FAR TOO MANY DEATHS FROM OVERDOSES. WE MAY HAVE BARELY TURNED THE CORNER ON THIS. IT'S BEEN BUILDING OVER 20 YEARS BUT IT IS STILL UTTERLY UNACCEPTABLE WITH MORE THAN 70,000 DEATHS FROM DRUG OVERDOSES LAST YEAR. WHAT CAN NIH DO? WE CAN DO A LOT HERE AND THE CONGRESS BASICALLY CAME TO US AND SAID WE WANT YOU TO PULL OUT ALL THE STOPS AND WE ARE GOING TO ALLOCATE, OF YOUR BUDGET, $500 MILLION A YEAR FOR THIS BEGINNING IN FY18, AND WE EXPECT YOU TO BRING TOGETHER ALL OF THE GREAT IDEAS THAT ARE POSSIBLE BOTH ABOUT HOW TO HELP TREAT THOSE WHO ARE ALREADY ADDICTED BUT ALSO ABOUT PREVENTION AND ALSO SPEEDING UP THE ABILITY TO DEVELOP PAIN MEDICATIONS THAT ARE NOT ADDICTIVE FOR THOSE 25 MILLION PEOPLE WHO HAVE CHRONIC PAIN AND FOR WHOM OPIOIDS ARE REALLY NOT A GOOD CHOICE. SO WE HAVE BROUGHT TOGETHER ALL OF THE EXPERTISE WE CAN OVER THE COURSE OF THE LAST YEAR AND A HALF TO TRY TO SEE WHAT WE COULD DO HERE, AND THAT HAS LED TO A BUNCH OF SCIENTIFIC PROPOSALS. WE'VE COLLABORATED THIS CLOSELY WITH SECRETARY AZAR WHO HAS BEEN ENORMOUSLY COOPERATIVE, OTHER FEDERAL PARTNERS LIKE SAMHSA, CDC, FDA AND ALSO WORKING WITH LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND THE STATES. OUT OF THIS HAS COME A VERY BROAD AND AMBITIOUS PORTFOLIO. AGAIN, WE WERE GIVEN $500 MILLION A YEAR STARTING IN FY18. WE DIDN'T GET OUR BUDGET FOR FY18 UNTIL MARCH, IF YOU REMEMBER. THAT WAS NOT A GOOD YEAR FOR THE PROCESS TO PLAY OUT. AND FINALLY THE CONGRESS RECOGNIZING IT WOULD BE VERY HARD TO SPEND EFFECTIVELY $500 MILLION WITH ONLY SIX MONTHS TO GO, YOU DON'T HAVE TIME TO PUT OUT NEW FOAs, THEY GAVE US THAT $500 MILLION IN FY18 AS TWO-YEAR MONEY, WHICH MEANT IT WOULD CARRY OVER TO '19 IF WE NEE DED TO, AND FOR MOST OF IT, WE NEEDED TO. SO ACTUALLY, WE ONLY SPENT ABOUT 70 OF IT IN '18, AND NOW BY THE END OF THIS MONTH, WHICH IS COMING VERY CLOSE, WE HAVE TO MAKE AWARDS THAT ADD UP TO $930 MILLION, ACTUALLY IT'S 943, OR WE'LL HAVE TO GIVE THE MONEY BACK AND WE DON'T GIVE MONEY BACK, SO THIS IS GOING TO HAPPEN. AND IT HAS BEEN ALL HANDS ON DECK AND INCREDIBLY CONSUMING TO BE SURE WE'RE DOING THIS IN THE MOST CREATIVE WAY. OF COURSE WE HAVE A NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE WHICH HAS BEEN PRIMARILY INVOLVED IN THE OPIOID CRISIS, WE HAVE NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES AND STROKE WHICH HAS BEEN VERY MUCH IN THE LEAD AS FAR AS LEADING OUR PAIN CONSORTIUM AND HOW WE CAN DEVELOP BETTER METHODS FOR TREATING CHRONIC PAIN, BUT THERE ARE LOTS OF OTHER PARTS OF NIH THAT ALSO HAVE EQUITIES TO CONTRIBUTE HERE AND SO WE REALLY PULLED EVERYBODY INTO THIS, AND OUT OF THIS HAVE LED TO 26 DIFFERENT RESEARCH PROJECTS WITH 12 INSTITUTES LEADING THEM, OTHERS COLLABORATING, A TOTAL OF SOME 40-PLUS FOA DOLLARS THATs THAT WERE ISSUED FOR 2019, ALL OF WHICH HAD TO BE REVIEWED, AND THEN WITH AN EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, MADE UP OF SEVEN INSTITUTE DIRECTORS AND MYSELF AND LARRY TABAK AS THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR AND A REMARKABLY GIFTED PROGRAM PERSON IN REBECCA BAKER WHO'S MANAGED A LOT OF THE JUGGLING OF THE PRIORITIES, WE HAVE TRIED TO PUT THIS TOGETHER INTO A PLAN. WE NEEDED EXTERNAL INPUT AS WELL FOR THIS TO TRY TO BE SURE THAT WE WERE MAKING THE RIGHT DECISIONS SO WE IMPLEMENTED A MULTIDISCIPLINARY WORKING GROUP AND THEY MET FOR TWO INTENSE DAYS TWO WEEKS AGO, NOW THAT WE HAD ALL THE RESULTS OF THOSE LEVEL RECOMMENDATIONS ABOUTIGH- PRIORITIES. WE THEN CONVENED OUR OWN INSTITUTE DIRECTOR EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR A MEETING THAT PRETTY MUCH CONSUMED AN ENTIRE DAY LAST WEEK AND ULTIMATELY CAME UP WITH A TENTATIVE PLAN. SOME PEOPLE WERE UP LATE LAST NIGHT PUTTING THE FINISHING TOUCHES ON THAT. TBAS IT IT WAS THE FIRST THING I SAW IN MY EMAIL AT 5:00 A.M., SORT OF THE FINAL VERSION OF THE SPREADSHEETS ON HOW TO DO THIS, AND I THINK EARLIER THIS MORNING THAT WENT OUT TO ALL THE INSTITUTE DIRECTOR SAYING THIS IS THE PLAN. AND IT DOES ADD UP TO $943 MILLION FOR FY 19, BUT THE OTHER THING THAT OUR WORKING GROUP ADVISED US WAS, DON'T SPEND ALL THE MONEY RIGHT NOW AND HAVE NOTHING LEFT FOR THE NEXT FIVE YEARS BECAUSE THIS WAS A VERY QUICK TURNAROUND AND YOU PROBABLY DIDN'T BECAUSE OF THE TIMING HAVE THE CHANCE TO ACTUALLY INSPIRE SOME NEW IDEAS AND NEW INVESTIGATORS TO M COME AND WORK COME AND WORK ON THIS SO BE SURE YOU SAVE SOME SIGNIFICANT DOLLARS FOR THE OUTYEARS. AND WE'RE GOING TO DO THAT. SO THERE WILL BE AT LEAST 100 MILLION, MAYBE A BIT MORE THAN THAT IN FY 20 FOR NEW THINGS THAT WE COULD DO HERE AND SIMILARLY IN THE OUTYEARS. THERE ARE CLEVER WAYINGS WAYS THAT WE MANAGE TO DO THAT EVEN SPENDING A HUGE AMOUNT OF MONEY THIS YEAR. SO THIS IS GOING TO BE A BIG DEAL MOVING FORWARD, IT ALREADY IS. THE WAY IN WHICH THE PROGRAM IS DIVIDED UP, THERE'S PART OF IT FOCUSED ON PAIN MANAGEMENT, THAT SORT OF BLUE PART OF THE BALLOON DIAGRAM HERE AND THEN THERE'S OTHER PARTS FOCUSED ON OPIOID MISUSE AND ADDICTION. EACH ONE OF THOSE BALLOONS THAT YOU SEE THERE REPRESENTS THE WIDE VARIETY OF INDIVIUAL PROGRAMS RUN BY DIFFERENT INSTITUTES. I DON'T HAVE TIME TO GO THROUGH ALL OF THOSE BUT IT WILL BE ANNOUNCED PROBABLY IN A COUPLE OF WEEKS EXACTLY WHAT THIS WHOLE PORTFOLIO LOOKS LIKE. IF YOU'RE INTERESTED, YOU CAN CERTAINLY GO TO THE NIH WEBSITE AND JUST LOOK UNDER HEAL, WHICH IS OUR ACRONYM FOR THIS, "HELPING END ADDICTION LONG TERM," AND READ ALL ABOUT THE COMPONENTS THAT ARE LISTED HERE. AND BECAUSE YOU'RE THE COUNCIL OF COUNCILS, RESPONSIBLE FOR THE COMMON FUND, I DO WANT TO POINT OUT THERE ARE CONNECTIONS HERE WITH TWO PROJECTS THAT COMMON FUND IS SUPPORTING WHICH FEED QUITE NICELY INTO THIS. I DON'T KNOW THAT WE CAN CALL THEM PART OF THE HEAL INITIATIVE IN TERMS OF THE MONEY THAT WE'RE SPENDING THIS YEAR, BUT WE'RE CERTAINLY CALLING THEM THAT IN TERMS OF THE SCIENCE. THE ACUTE TO CHRONIC PAIN SIGNATURES FITS VERY NICELY INTO THIS FOCUS ON KREE CLINICAL RESEARCH, HOW DO HE WITH MAKE SURE WE LIMIT THE AMOUNT OF TIMES SOMEBODY WITH ACUTE PAIN SHIFTS INTO THIS CHRONIC PAIN CIRCUMSTANCE. SIMILARLY, THE SPARC PROGRAM, WHICH YOU'RE GOING TO HEAR ABOUT I GUESS THIS AFTERNOON IN A PRESENTATION LOOKING AT THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IS GOING TO BE VERY IMPORTANT IN TERMS OF THINGS THAT WE CAN LEARN THERE THAT MIGHT PROVIDE ALTERNATIVES TO MANAGING ADDICTION BUT ALSO MANAGING PAIN. SO THE CONNECTIONS ARE HERE AND WE WILL MAKE THE MOST OF THOSE BETWEEN THOSE PROGRAMS. I WANT TO TELL YOU ABOUT ONE VERY SIGNIFICANT FLAGSHIP EFFORT IN THE HEAL INITIATIVE WHICH IS ALREADY UNDERWAY AND WHICH I THINK YOU MIGHT HAVE HEARD ABOUT BUT YOU PROBABLY WILL BE. AS WE LOOKED ACROSS THIS INCREDIBLY WRENCHING CIRCUMSTANCE OF WHAT'S HAPPENED& IN OUR COUNTRY AND LOOKED AT THE VARIOUS INITIATIVES THAT PEOPLE HAVE TRIED TO INTERVENE WITH IN ORDER TO CHANGE WHAT HAS BEEN A PROGRESSIVELY WORSENING SITUATION, IT'S PRETTY CLEAR THAT WE HAVE LEARNED SOME THINGS THAT HELP THAT SOMETIMES IF YOU HAVE AN EMERGENCY ROOM PROGRAM WHERE YOU MAKE SURE THAT SOMEBODY WHO ROLES IN WITH AN OPIOID OVERDOSE GETS INVOLVED IN A TREATMENT PROGRAM BEFORE THEY LEAVE AS OPPOSED TO HERE'S A NUMBER YOU CAN CALL NEXT WEEK, WHICH ALMOST NEVER HAPPENS. THINGS THAT HAVE BEEN DONE IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM, ALTHOUGH VERY LIMITED, HAVE TURNED OUT TO BE VALUABLE. BUT NOBODY'S REALLY TRIED TO PUT ALL OF THESE TOGETHER IN THE SAME COMMUNITY. REALLY BRING ALL OF THE EQUITIES, ALL OF THE STAKEHOLDERS, ALL THE RESOURCES TOGETHER AND SAY COULD YOU IN FACT MAKE A MAJOR DIFFERENCE IN THE RATE OF OPIOID OVERDOSE DEATHS. THAT'S WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO DO WITH THIS HEALING COMMUNITY STUDY IN A VERY COMPETITIVE SITUATION, INVITING STATES WHERE THERE HAS BEEN A HIGH INCIDENCE OF OPIOID MORTALITY TO COME FORWARD WITH THEIR PROPOSAL ABOUT HOW THEY WOULD BRING TOGETHER ALL OF THE FOLKS THAT HAVE SOMETHING TO CONTRIBUTE AND WE'RE BOLD ENOUGH TO SAY QUESTION WANT TO REDUCE OVERDEPOSE FATALITIES AND OVERDOSE FATALITIES AND EVENTS BY 40%, INCREASING NALOXONE ACCESS, INCREASING THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS RECEIVING EDUCATION, ALL THESE METRICS APPLIED HERE. WHEN THE DUST ALL SETTLED ON THE COMPETITION, AND WE GOT A LARGE NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS THAT WERE ALL PRETTY IMPRESSIVE, WE ENDED UP WITH FOUR STATES AND EACH OF THOSE STATES, THERE IS A MIX OF RURAL COMMUNITIES AND URBAN COMMUNITIES BECAUSE THE SITUATIONS ARE RATHER DIFFERENT THERE, AND AS YOU CAN SEE, NOT ALL CONTIGUOUS IN ONE PART OF THE STATES, SPREAD ACROSS, THESE FOUR HAVE ALL GATHERED TOGETHER AND COME UP WITH A COMMON PROTOCOL. THIS IS GOING TO BE DONE IN A RIGOROUS WAY AS A CLUSTER BASE RANDOMIZED TRIAL WITH INTERVENTIONS WITH COMMUNITIES THAT ARE REASONABLY WELL MATCHED TO SEE EXACTLY HOW WE CAN PROCEED. AND IT INVOLVES ALL THE SETTINGS THAT YOU WOULD WANT TO BRING TO BEAR IF YOU WERE GOING TO DO THIS IN AN INTEGRATED COORDINATED WAY. HEALTHCARE COMMUNITY, CRIMINAL JUSTICE, I THINK THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE IS MAYBE ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT YET AT THE PRESENT TIME, RELATIVELY LITTLE HAS BEEN DONE IN THAT SPACE. YOU PROBABLY KNOW THAT MANY PEOPLE WHO FALL INTO OPIOID ADDICTION ALSO FALL INTO DIFFICULTIES WITH THE LAW AS THEY TRY TO SUPPORT THEIR HABIT AND END UP IN THE JUSTICE SITUATION WHICH WOULD BE AN IDEAL MOMENT FOR INTERVENTION BUT IT RARELY HAPPENS AND THIS IS SOMETHING THAT WE HAVE TO FOCUS ON MUCH MORE INTENSIVELY. SO WE'RE GOING TO SEE WITH THOSE FOUR COMMUNITIES AND ALL OF THIS DATA IS GOING TO BE IMMEDIATELY APPARENT SO PARTS OF THE COUNTRY TRYING TO LEARN FROM THIS WILL BE ABLE TO DO SO. THIS IS THE WEBSITE THAT'S GOING TO GIVE PEOPLE A CHANCE TO FOLLOW ALONG AND SEE WHAT'S HAPPENING WITH THIS PARTICULAR INNOVATION ON WHICH WE ARE SPENDING ABOUT $100 MILLION A YEAR OF OUR 500. SO IT IS A BIG CHUNK OF THE MONEY, BUT I THINK IT MAY WELL BE ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT. SO THAT'S A BIT ABOUT HEAL. LET ME GO TO THE NEXT TOPIC, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, AND UPDATE ON WHERE WE ARE AT NIH IN TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHETHER OUR INVESTMENTS IN THIS SPACE ARE WHAT THEY NEED TO BE. I KNOW THIS SEEMS SORT OF LIKE A SUDDEN CHANGE IN TOPICS BUT IT IS AN IMPORTANT ONE FOR US. THE ACD, TO REMIND YOU, IS THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE TO THE DIRECTOR, THE HIGHEST LEVEL ADVISORY GROUP, AND WE OFTEN USE THAT GROUP TO GIVE ME AND THE REST OF THE INSTITUTES ADVISE ADVICE ABOUT AREAS WHERE WE NEED TO MAKE CHANGES. WE ARE AWARE WHAT THE REMARKABLE OPPORTUNITIES COMING FORWARD WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, MACHINE LEARNING AND DEEP LEARNING, THAT MAYBE BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH IS GOING TO BE THE PLACE WHERE THE GREATEST ADVANCES HAPPEN AND YET AN AWFUL LOT OF OUR WORKFORCE, OUR COMMUNITY, HAVE NOT YET FULLY FIGURED THIS OUT OR STARTED TO EMBRACE THOSE OPPORTUNITIES. AND WE WANT TO FIGURE OUT WHAT WE SHOULD BE DOING TO NURTURE THAT. SO WE PUT TOGETHER THIS WORKING GROUP, ASKED THEM TO LOOK AT A VARIETY OF APPLICATIONS FOR A.I. AND BIOMEDICINE, CERTAINLY WHAT WE CAN LEARN FROM THE WIDE AVAILABILITY OF ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS IN GENOMICS, A LOT OF THINGS THAT CAN BE HAPPENING THERE, MY OWN LAB THIS AFTERNOON WILL BE MEETING IN AN INTENSE COLLABORATION ABOUT HOW ONE CAN TAKE KAY TA ABOUT DATA ABOUT GENOMICS OF THE PANCREATIC EYELID AND UNDERSTAND IN DIABETES. MONITORING BODY PERFORMANCE WITH ALL THE WEARABLE SENSORS, IMAGING WHERE WE CAN ALREADY SEE SOME OF THE MOST DRAMATIC ADVANCES, WHETHER IT'S LOOKING AT CHEST X-RAYS OR AT PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE BACK OF YOUR EYE, OR MAMMOGRAMS, IT'S CLEAR THAT IF YOU'RE A RADIOLOGIST, YOU MIGHT WANT TO THINK ABOUT WHERE THE FUTURE IS TAKING YOU AND HOW YOU'RE GOING TO SPEND YOUR TIME BECAUSE THE DAYS IN SITTING IN DARKROOMS LOOKING AT SHADOWS MAY BE BETTER DONE BY COMPUTERS VERY SOON. SO WE ASKED THEM TO LOOK AT ALL THOSE THINGS AND SAY WHAT SHOULD WE BE DOING. THIS IS A PRETTY DISTINGUISHED AND DIVERSE GROUP OF EXPERTS. I HOPE AS YOU LOOK AT THIS MEMBERSHIP OF THE WORKING GROUP, YOU'LL APPRECIATE THAT WE HAVE TRIED TO MOVE AWAY FROM SOME OF THE TRADITIONS OF SUCH WORKING GROUPS BEING MORE SENIOR PEOPLE WITH A LOT OF GREY IN THEIR HAIRDOS TO PEOPLE MUCH MORE IN THE EARLIER STAGES OF THEIR CAREERS AND FULL OF INTERESTING IDEAS INCLUDING POSTDOCS, GRADUATE STUDENTS, JUNIOR FACULTY AND SO ON. THIS GROUP HAS COALESCED QUITE NICELY. THEY HAD A CONFERENCE CALL JUST THEY MADE THEIR INITIAL RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE ACD IN JEUP, JUNE, ALL THOSE THAT WAS BASED ON THEIR FIRST FOUR OR FIVE MONTHS, FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS WILL BE DUE IN DECEMBER. ONE OF THE THINGS THEY TOLD US TO DO, AND DO IT NOW, IS MAKE SURE YOU HAVE DATASETS THAT ARE ACTUALLY READY FOR THIS. PEOPLE WHO WANT TO WORK IN A.I. AND MACHINE LEARNING FOR BIOMEDICINE ARE TOLD OH, YEAH, WE HAVE THESE GREAT OPPORTUNITIES BUT WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE DATA, IT'S A MESS, IT'S NOT PREPARED EFFECTIVELY, WE NEED TO WORK ON THAT. WE SURELY NEED TO, WOULD ON MORE MULTI-LANGUAGE RESEARCHERS WHO CAN SPEAK BOTH BIOMEDICINE AND COMPUTER SCIENCE, AND THEN WE THOUGHT IT WOULD BE GREAT TO HAVE, AS AN INSPIRATION, A TOP 10 CATALOG OF SUCCESS STORIES WHERE THIS HAS ALREADY LED TO INSIGHTS THAT OTHERWISE WOULD NOT HAVE HAPPENED TO INSPIRE FUTURE INVESTMENT AND CREATIVITY. THAT'S JUST A START. I PARTICULARLY WANTED TO BRING THIS ONE IN FRONT OF YOU BECAUSE I AM DARN SURE THAT OUT OF THIS IS GOING TO COME A RECOMMENDATION FOR SOME COMMON FUND INVESTMENTS IN A.I. AND I THINK IT SHOULD. IT'S A PERFECT TOPIC, IT GOES ACROSS ALL OF NIH, IT IS HIGH RISK/HIGH REWARD, IT DOES MEAN A LOT OF CREATIVITY, IT'S EXACTLY WHY WE HAVE THE COMMON FUND, SO I'M NOT QUITE READY YET, WE'LL SEE WHAT COMES OUT OF THEIR FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS IN DECEMBER, BUT I'M SURE IN FEW FEWER MEETINGS, YOU'LL BE KNEW TOUR IN FUTURE MEETINGS, YOU'LL BE HEARING ABOUT THIS. LET'S TALK ABOUT THIS REMARKABLE SET OF ADVANCES WITH HUMAN GENOME EDITING THAT BOTH GIVE ME ENORMOUS EXCITEMENT ABOUT ITS POTENTIAL BOTH IN BASIC SCIENCE AND IN CLINICAL APPLICATIONS, BUT ALSO SOME PAUSE ABOUT THE WAY IN WHICH THIS HAS ALREADY BEEN APPLIED IN AN UNFORTUNATE WAY TO MODIFYING THE HUMAN GERMLINE AND WHAT WE OUGHT TO BE SAYING AND DOING ABOUT THAT GIVEN THE PROFOUND SIGNIFICANCE OF THAT KIND OF APPLICATION. CERTAINLY WHEN IT COMES TO THE WAY IN WHICH GENE EDITING HAS ABSOLUTELY TURNED EVERYTHING UPSIDE-DOWN IN JUST THE FACE OF FIVE YEARS. I KNOW OF HARDLY ANY LABS USING CRISPR/CAS 9 OR SOME VERSION OF THAT. IT WORKS, THE FIRST TIME. YOU SET IT UP WITH AN INEXPERIENCED GRADUATE STUDENT AND DOGGONE, THE THING ACTUALLY PRODUCES WHAT YOU WANTED TO, AND INCREASINGLY THE SOPHISTICATION OF THIS IN TERMS OF AVOIDING OFF TARGET EFFECTS ABANDONS BEING ABLE TO DO NOT JUST KNOCKOUTS BUT INDIVIDUAL BASE CHANGES TO CREATE WHATEVER SEQUENCE YOU REALLY WANTED TO IN A CELL LINE IS REALLY QUITE EXCITING. MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS AND BASIC SCIENCE CERTAINLY MAKING MOUSE MODELS HAS BEEN VERY DIFFERENT AS A RESULT OF THIS. SOME POSSIBILITIES HERE IN TERMS OF USING GENE DRIVES MAY BE FOR APPLICATIONS LIKE MALARIA ALTHOUGH STILL SOME CONTROVERSY THERE, THEN SOMATIC GENE THERAPY, THE NON-HERITABLE SORT WHICH I THINK DOES NOT RAISE NEW ETHICAL CONCERNS THAT HAVE NOT BEEN ALREADY ADDRESSED QUITE EXTENSIVELY FOR GENE THERAPY HAS COME ALONG SO QUICKLY AS TO GIVE ONE REALLY A GREAT DEAL OF EXCITEMENT ABOUT THE POTENTIAL. SOME OF US WHO HAVE WORKED TO TRY TO SEE THE DAY HAPPEN WHERE THOSE 7,000 GENETIC DISEASES MIGHT ACTUALLY VL HAVE SOLUTIONS HAVE WORRIED THAT WE WOULD HAVE A VERY HARD TIME COMING UP WITH A SCALABLE WAY THAT WOULD APPROACH THOSE WITHOUT HAVING TO FIGURE OUT FOR EACH ONE OF THOSE DISEASES EXACTLY WHAT'S THE NATURE OF THE PROTEIN PRODUCT THAT ISN'T WORKING AND HOW WOULD YOU COME UP WITH A SMALL MOLECULE. THAT WOULD BE A GREAT SOLUTION IF YOU COULD DO IT AND WE HAVE SEEN THAT DONE FOR A FEW OF THOSE, CYSTIC FIBROSIS IS ON THE BRINK I THINK OF BEING AT A REALLY EXCITING PLACE OF BEING ABLE TO SAY BASED ON CURRENT PHASE 3 TRIALS THAT THAT APPROACH IS REALLY WORKING WELL. BUT THAT TOOK 30 YEARS AND A HUGE AMOUNT OF INVESTMENT. MOST OF THOSE 7,000 GENETIC DISEASES DON'T HAVE THAT KIND OF LIKELY SUPPORT SYSTEM BUT IF YOU HAD A SYSTEM THAT WOULD ALLOW YOU TO ACTUALLY WITHOUT EVEN HAVING TO UNDERSTAND ALL THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES JUSTIFICATION THAT MUTATION WHICH WE'RE PRETTY GOOD AT FINDING THESE DAYS, TO DO SO IN VIVO. IN THAT REGARD, I'M PARTICULARLY EXCITED ABOUT THE COMMON FUND'S CURRENT GENE CELL ID ITING WHICH HAS BROUGHT TOGETHER A REMARKABLE BRAIN TRUST OF INDIVIDUALS WITH EXPERTISE IN THAT SPACE TO TRY TO FIGURE OUT HOW WE COULD IN NOT AN OVERNIGHT WAY BUT OVER THE COURSE OF A FEW YEARS REALLY DEVELOP WHAT'S NEEDED FOR THAT KIND OF IN VIVO DELIVERY OF A GENE EDITING APPARATUS TO THE RIGHT CELLS WITH THE APPROPRIATE SPECIFICITY AND SAFETY TO ENABLE A SCALABLE APPROACH TO THOSE GENETIC DISEASES. A VERY BIG TARGET INDEED. BUT WE ARE STARTING TO SEE IN SOME OF THE EARLIER EFFORTS SOME PROGRESS HERE. WHILE THIS IS NOT A GENE EDITING STORY, THIS IS ACTUALLY A GENE THERAPY VECTOR, I HOPE SOME OF YOU GOT TO SEE THE 60 MINTES PIECE FOCUSED ON JOHN TISDALE'S PROGRAM HERE AT THE CLINICAL CENTER AT NIH, A PATIENT FEATURED THERE, JANEL STEVENSON WITH SICKLE CELL HOMOZYGOUS STATE WITH A LONG HISTORY OF PAINFUL CRISES, ORGAN DAMAGE, SO ON, SIGNED UP FOR THIS EX VIVO GENE THERAPY DRIVEN TRIAL TO CORRECT HER SICKLE CELL DISEASE. IF YOU WANT TO BE INSPIRED, WATCH THIS STORY BECAUSE HERE SHE IS AT THE END OF ALL THAT, BASICALLY GOING FROM BEING BEDRIDDEN MOST OF THE TIME TO BECOMING A JEW JIT SUE JA JIT SUE STAR, PROBABLY CURED BY THIS EX VIVO APPROACH TO HER HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS. THIS REQUIRED A BONE MARROW ABLATION IN ORDER TO MAKE SPACE FOR THE CORRECTED CELLS THAT HAD BEEN EX VIVO TREATED. THIS IS THE PROTOCOL FOR THAT WHICH INCLUDES THAT BONE MARROW CONDITIONING WHICH IS NOT FOR THE FAINT HEARTED. WE HAVE TO COME UP WITH BETTER WAYS TO DO THIS AND ULTIMATELY YOU'D WANT TO BE ABLE TO DO THIS IN VIVO WITHOUT THAT REQUIREMENT. AND SINCE WE'RE TALKING ABOUT GENE EDITING, THERE IS A SICKLE CELL PROTOCOL IN THE U.S. THAT IS OPEN FOR PATIENT ENROLLMENT USING CRISPR/CAS 9 TO TRY TO CREATE A CIRCUMSTANCE WHERE YOU TURN ON FETAL HEMO GLOBIN WHICH IS THE WAY MANY OF US BELIEVE THIS DISEASE COULD ALSO BE TREATED AND THE FIRST PATIENT SHOWN HERE IN A PHOTOGRAPH THAT ACCOMPANIED THIS PRESS REPORT HAS ENROLLED IN THIS. SO THE WAY THIS WORKS IS, AND THIS IS WORK THAT IS GRATIFYING TO SEE THE WAY IN WHICH WE'VE LEARNED ABOUT IT, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY SHOWING THAT THE GENE BCL11A WAS AN IMPORTANT MODIFIER OF FETAL HEMO GLOBIN LEVELS, THIS IS STU ORKIN'S WORK, BASICALLY THAT'S A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ALSO SHOWING IF YOU COULD TURN THAT DOWN OR KNOCK IT OUT, YOU WOULD DELAY A FETAL TO ADULT SWITCH AND KEEP FETAL HEMO GLOBIN ON. SO IN THIS CASE, THE APPROACH IS TO USE CRISPR/CAS 9 TO KNOCK OUT THE ERYTHROID ENHANCER OF THE BCL11A GENE. NOT THE WHOLE GENE ACROSS EVERYTHING BUT JUST THE ERYTHROID ENHANCER, AND THE RESULT OF WHICH NICELY SHOWN IN ANIMAL MODELS, NOW BEING TESTED IN HUMAN IS THAT YOU DO BUMP UP FETAL HEMO GLOBIN LEVELS WHICH IF ACHIEVED -- SO EXCITING ALTERNATIVE STRATEGY. AND LOTS OF OTHER WAYS IN WHICH WE'RE WATCHING CLOSELY TO SEE HOW THIS CAN BE APPLIED, HAVEN'T EVEN MENTIONED THE APPLICATIONS TO CANCER OR TO SUCH OTHER GENETIC DISEASES AS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, BUT IT'S ALL COMING. SO THAT'S ALL INCREDIBLY EXCITING AND INCREDIBLY POSITIVE. BUT NON-HERITABLE. WHEN IT COMES TO HERITABLE MODIFICATIONS, WE HAD THE EXPERIENCE LAST NOVEMBER OF THE SURPRISE ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE CHINESE INVESTIGATOR DR. HERR THAT HE HAD ACTUALLY CARRIED OUT THAT EXPERIMENT AND HAD GENERATED A MODIFIED EMBRY OWES, IMPLANTED THEM AND TWO TWINS HAD BEEN BORN WITH WHAT HE INTENDED TO BE A KNOCKOUT OF THE CCR GENE WHICH HE ARGUED WOULD PROVIDE THEM BENEFIT IN TERMS OF RESISTANCE TO HIV. LET US JUST SAY THAT THIS WAS A COMPLETELY UNJUSTIFIED, UNPRINCIPLED, UNREVIEWED APPROACH TO DOING THE KIND OF EXPERIMENT THAT MULTIPLE GROUPS HAD ARGUED REALLY SHOULD NOT AT THE PRESENT TIME BE DONE. OBVIOUSLY MANY ORGANIZATIONS INCLUDING NIH CAME OUT QUICKLY TO SPEAK ABOUT THAT. THEN FOLLOWING UP ON THAT IN MARCH, A GROUP OF AUTHORS FROM SEVEN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES LED BY ERIC LAND DER ORGANIZING THIS AND INCLUDING TWO OF THE FOUNDERS OF CRISPR/CAS ADVOCATED THAT WE SHOULD NOT JUST MAKE STATEMENTS ABOUT THIS IS NOT A GOOD THING, LET'S ACTUALLY BE BRAVE ENOUGH TO USE THE M WORD AND TO SAY WE OUGHT TO HAVE A STRICT MORATORIUM INTERNATIONALLY AGAINST ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS IN HERITABLE GENOME EDITING FOR AT LEAST A FIVE YEAR PERIOD TO PROVIDE AN OPPORTUNITY TO REALLY WORK THROUGH THE SCIENTIFIC AND THE SOCIAL ARGUMENTS ABOUT WHETHER THIS IS A GOOD IDEA OR NOT. NIH STRONGLY SUPPORTS THAT AND ACTUALLY WROTE AN ACCOMPANYING PIECE IN "NATURE" TO SAY SO, AND I THINK THE ARGUMENTS REMAIN QUITE STRONG ABOUT WHY WE NEED TIME ON THIS. FIRST OF ALL, THE MEDICAL NEED FOR HERITABLE INTERVENTIONS IS UNCOMPELLING. IT'S VERY DIFFICULT TO COME UP WITH CIRCUMSTANCES WHERE THIS IS A JUSTIFIABLE AND EXCLUSIVE APPROACH TO A HUMAN GENETIC DISEASE CIRCUMSTANCE BECAUSE WE DO HAVE PGD AND WE DO HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY IN OTHER WAYS THAT ARE WELL WORKED OUT TO ADDRESS THAT. AND FURTHERMORE, THE COMPLICATIONS HERE IN TERMS OF SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE SHOULD NOT BE UNDERESTIMATED. WE TALK ABOUT HOW SCIENCE COMES ALONG WITH SURPRISING DEVELOPMENTS AND RESULTS IN OUTCOMES THAT PEOPLE WEREN'T QUITE EXPECTING. THIS IS THE GRANDADDY OF ALL OF THOSE, IF YOU ASK ME, THE IDEA THAT WE WOULD BEGIN TO MODIFY OUR VEGGIE VERY GENOMES, OUR VERY BASIC BIOLOGY WITHOUT A WHOLE LOT OF THOUGHT ABOUT THAT IN TERMS OF ITS SIGNIFICANCE SCIENTIFICALLY, MEDICALLY FOR ALL THE ISSUES, ABOUT ACCESS TO TECHNOLOGY, ABOUT MORAL SIGNIFICANCE, ABOUT THEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE. WE SHOULD BE REALLY THOUGHTFUL ABOUT NOT MOVING FORWARD IN THIS SPACE. SO THERE'S A SAFETY ISSUE, THERE'S A MEDICAL ISSUE, THERE'S THE WHY NOT JUST GO AHEAD WITH THE CURRENT APPROACHES USING IN VITRO FERTILIZATION AND PGD BECAUSE THEY WILL BE SUFFICIENT IN MOST OF THE INSTANCES. BUT I THINK PARTICULARLY THE SEW SOCIETAL, ETHICAL, MORAL ISSUES AND EVEN THEOLOGICAL ISSUES NEED A LOT MORE CONSIDERATION THAN THEY'VE HAD A CHANCE TO HAVE SO FAR. THE WHO HAS NOW A GROUP THAT'S BEEN LOOKING AT THIS. THEY MET A COUPLE OF WEEKS AGO. I WILL HAVE TO SAY IN MY OPINION, I DON'T THINK THEY'RE OFF TO A VERY GOOD START. THEY FOR WHATEVER REASON DECIDED NOT TO FOCUS SOLE LION GERMLINE INTERVENTIONS BUT ACTUALLY TO TRY TO ENCOMPASS THE ENTIRE UNIVERSE OF GENE EDITING INCLUDING SOMATIC CELL, WHICH IS GOING TO BE A BIG DISTRACTION AND IT'S NOT CLEAR THAT THAT'S GOING TO ADD MUCH TO WHAT'S ALREADY EASILY DISCERNED BY LOOKING AT DATABASES ABOUT THE EXPERIMENTS THAT ARE UNDERWAY. AND, THEREFORE, I AM NOT TOO OPTIMISTIC THAT THAT ORGANIZATION IS GOING TO COME FORWARD ANY TIME SOON WITH ANYTHING THAT WOULD HAVE A WHOLE LOT OF MUSCLE TO IT. SO WE WAIT TO SEE. THE IDEA OF A MORATORIUM HAS HAD, I THINK, A GOOD OPPORTUNITY TO BE DISCUSSED. I WOULD NOT SAY IT'S YET BEEN EMBRACED ACROSS MANY DIFFERENT ORGANIZATIONS OR COUNTRIES. IF YOU HAVEN'T READ THAT ARTICLE, READ IT CAREFULLY BECAUSE IT DOES NOT JUST PUT FORWARD THE IDEA OF A MORATORIUM BUT ALSO MAKES VERY CLEAR WHAT THE STEPS WOULD NEED TO BE FOR A COUNTRY TO DECIDE TO RELEASE THE MORATORIUM AND TO GO FORWARD WITH SUCH EXPERIMENTS AND THIS œCOUNTRY BY COUNTRY BASIS BECAUSE THERE IS NO INTERNATIONAL BODY THAT HAS ENFORCEMENT CAPABILITIES IN A CIRCUMSTANCE LIKE THIS. FINALLY, I DO WANT TO TALK ABOUT TWO AREAS WHICH ARE OF EXTREME IMPORTANCE AND HAVE OCCUPIED THE ATTENTION AND THE TIME OF A LOT OF US INCLUDING MYSELF. THEY ARE DIFFICULT TOPICS TO TALK ABOUT, WE NEED TO TALK ABOUT THEM, SO I THOUGHT I'D BRING THEM UP TO YOU ALL. FIRST OF ALL, THIS CONCERN ABOUT FOREIGN INFLUENCE ON RESEARCH. I AM ONE OF THOSE WHO HAD THE BENEFIT OVER THE COURSE OF 30 YEARS OF INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONS THAT HAVE BEEN INCREDIBLY PRODUCTIVE AND MADE MANY FRIENDS AND COLLEAGUES IN OTHER COUNTRIES THAT HAVE ENABLED SCIENCE TO GO FORWARD IN ALL KINDS OF INTERESTING CONVERSATIONS TO HAPPEN ABOUT THE FUTURE. AND SO I WILL DEFEND THE IMPORTANCE OF THOSE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS AS STRONGLY AS ANYBODY. AT THE SAME TIME, IT'S BEEN VERY CLEAR BY EVIDENCE THAT HAS COME FORWARD TO US THAT IN SOME INSTANCES, THE U.S.' OPENNESS TO THOSE COLLABORATIONS MAY HAVE BEEN TAKEN ADVANTAGE OF AND PARTICULARLY THERE ARE DRAMATIC EXAMPLES, MANY OF WHICH ARE STILL ONLY TALKED ABOUT IN CLASSIFIED ROOMS AND SO THE DETAILS HAVEN'T REALLY BEEN PUT FORWARD OF INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE BEEN IN U.S. INSTITUTIONS ENDWAIJED ENGAGED IN THINGS THAT REALLY SHOULDN'T BE HAPPENING INCLUDING DIVERT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY TO OTHER COUNTRIES, INCLUDING TAKING ADVANTAGE OF OUR PEER REVIEW PROCESS IN SOME INSTANCES TO TAKE UNREVIEWED GRANTS AND PASS THEM IN WHOLE CLOTH TO OTHER COUNTRIES TO THE PURPOSES OF ENABLING THE STARTUP OF NEW INDUSTRIES WHICH ARE BASED UPON OTHER PEOPLE'S IDEAS AND THAT CLEARLY SHOULD NEVER HAVE HAPPENED. THOSE KINDS OF ISSUES, WE HAD TO TAKE SERIOUSLY AND AS WE BEGAN TO LOOK, FINDING MORE AND MORE OF THOSE EXAMPLES HAPPENING, WE HAD TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT THAT AND ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WE ARE ABLE TO FIND OUT IS INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE OUR GRANTEES WHO ACTUALLY HAVE SUBSTANTIAL SUPPORT FROM OUTSIDE COUNTRIES THAT THEY'D NOT DECLARED AND THEY'RE REQUIRED TO DECLARE AND SO THIS CLEARLY HAS TO BE LOOKED AT AND CLEANED UP. WE SET UP AN ACD WORKING GROUP ON THIS, AGAIN, VERY QUICKLY. THEY ASEMIED ABOUT, MOST OF THEM WERE UNIVERSITY PRESIDENTS AND PUT FORWARD A REPORT A LITTLE LESS THAN A YEAR AGO. MANY OF THE INSTITUTIONS THAT WE SUPPORT HAVE BEEN NOW LOOKING A LOT MORE CLOSELY AT THIS, PERHAPS IN PART BECAUSE OF OUR RAISING TO THEIR ATTENTION, AND IN SOME INSTANCES, THAT HAS RESULTED IN DISCLOSURE CIRCUMSTANCES THAT SHOULD NOT œHAVE BEEN HAPPENING AND EVEN RESULTED IN TERMINATION OF SRN CERTAIN FACULTY. AGAIN, THIS IS A TINY, TINY PERCENTAGE OF THE WORKFORCE. THE FOCUS HAS PARTICULARLY BEEN ON CHINA BUT THAT IS NOT ALL ABOUT CHINA. I THINK WE HAVE TO BOTH SAY THAT THIS IS A CIRCUMSTANCE WE HAVE TO TAKE SERIOUSLY. PEOPLE HAVE TO BE DISCLOSING THEIR RELATIONSHIPS AND THOSE HAVE TO BE REVIEWED. BUT AT THE SAME TIME, WE HAVE TO POINT OUT THAT THIS IS A TINY FRACTION AND OUR INTERNATIONAL COMPONENTS OF OUR WORKFORCE ARE CRITICAL, ALWAYS HAVE BEEN, ALWAYS WILL BE. I'M WORRIED THAT PARTICULARLY CHINESE SCIENTISTS ARE FINDING THEMSELVES FEELING LIKE THEY'RE BEING PROFILED JUST BY THE FACT OF THEIR NATIONAL ORIGINS AND WE HAVE TO FIGHT AGAINST THAT WITH EVERYTHING WE'VE GOT. AND WE'RE TRYING TO TRYING TO GET THAT BA LANCE RIGHT HAS NOT BEEN TRIVIAL. AND THE OTHER TOPIC THAT AGAIN I THINK WE HAVE TO PAY CLOSE ATTENTION TO WHICH HAS CONSUMED A LOT OF INTEREST AND TIME AND WHICH I THINK WE ARE MAKING HEADWAY ON BUT WE'VE GOT A WAYS TO GO, AND I WILL ADMIT OPENLY THAT WE WERE SLOW, I THINK, TO PICK UP ON THIS, I WAS SLOW TO PICK UP ON THIS AND TO ACTUALLY TAKE ACTION ABOUT IT, IS THE PRESENCE OF HARASSMENT IN THE WORKFORCE, PARTICULARLY OF WOMEN. THERE'S BEEN A LOT IN THE PRESS ABOUT THIS. I WILL SAY THIS NATIONAL ACADEMY REPORT WHICH CAME OUT A LITTLE BIT MORE THAN A YEAR AGO WAS AN ABSOLUTE GAME CHANGER FOR MANY PEOPLE WHO READ IT AND REALIZED THE SCALE OF THE PROBLEM, AND ALSO THAT WE WEREN'T JUST TALKING ABOUT THE MOST DRAMATIC FORMS OF SEXUAL ASSAULT OR SEXUAL COERCION, BUT ALSO THE MORE SUBTLE THINGS WHICH THEY PUT INTO THIS NOW RATHER FAMOUS ICONIC ICEBERG THAT ARE UNDERNEATH THE WAKER WATERLINE, THE GENDER HARASSMENT, THE SUBTLE PUTDOWNS OF INDIVIDUALS, PARTICULARLY WOMEN, LIKE MAYBE YOU DON'T QUITE BELONG HERE, OR MAYBE YOU'RE NOT REALLY UP TO MANAGING THIS OR ALL THE OTHER KINDS OF WAYS IN WHICH PEOPLE IN OUR WORKFORCE ARE, ON A DAILY BASIS OFTENTIMES, MADE TO FEEL UNWELCOME OR LESSER THAN THEIR MALE COLLEAGUES. AND WE HAVE TO ADDRESS THAT TOO. SO IT'S NOT JUST ABOUT IDENTIFYING EGREGIOUS CIRCUMSTANCES AND ACTING UPON THEM AND ALL TOO OFTEN THEY'VE BEEN SWEPT UNDER THE CARPET. IT'S ALSO ABOUT CULTURE CHANGE, REALLY TRYING TO CHANGE THE WAY IN WHICH ALL OF US IN THE WORKFORCE THINK ABOUT HOW WE APPROACH THESE ISSUES. SO WE HAVE A WORKING GROUP THAT HAS FOCUSED ON THIS SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THIS YEAR. THEY PUT FORWARD THEIR RECOMMENDATIONS ON AN INTERIM BASE US THIS SUMMER AND WILL MAKE FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS IN DECEMBER. SCOUT IS A MEMBER OF THAT AND APRECIATE THE TIME THAT I KNOW HE'S PUTTING INTO THIS. THIS IS BASICALLY A RECOMMENDATION THAT WE TAKE THIS WITH A GRADE OF SERIOUS NIS, THE ACTIONS WE'VE TAKEN INCLUDING REACHING OUT TO ALL OF OUR NIH FUNDED INSTITUTION, SETTING UP A MECHAISM OF DIRECT OPPORTUNITY FOR REPORTS OF PEOPLE WHO ARE IN CIRCUMSTANCES AFFECTED BY OUR GRANTS TO NOTIFY US IF THEY THINK SOMETHING IS HAPPENING THAT SHOULDN'T BE, DIRECT OUTREACH AS A RESULT OF THAT NOW TO MORE THAN 60 INSTITUTIONS WHERE WE ARE CONCERNED ABOUT ACTIONS THAT NEED TO BE TAKEN, AND OUR OWN WORKFORCE BECAUSE WE HAVE 20,000 PEOPLE HERE AT NIH, WE NEED TO BE OUT THERE OURSELVES TO FIND OUT WHAT WE NEED TO DO. VERY DETAILED SURVEY OF WHAT'S HAPPENING IN OUR WORKFORCE HAS BEEN CONDUCTED AND DOCUMENTED 21% OF THOSE WHO RESPONDED SAID THEY HAD EXPERIENCED SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN THE LAST 12 MONTHS. THAT IS A SCARY NUMBER, ACTUALLY IT'S PRETTY CONSISTENT WITH WHAT YOU SEE IN OTHER CIRCUMSTANCES. WE'RE HAPPY TO HAVE THAT SURVEY ADOPTED BY OTHER INSTITUTIONS. IT WAS VERY CAREFULLY AND SCIENTIFICALLY DESIGNED BY HANNAH HANNAH VALANTINE AND HER COLLEAGUES. SO THERE'S A LOT THAT NEEDS TO BE DONE HERE. THE INTERIM RECOMMENDATIONS FROM OUR WORKING GROUP INCLUDE SOME AS YOU SEE HERE THAT WILL BE CONTROVERSIAL. TREATING PROFESSIONAL MISCONDUCT AS SERIOUSLY AS RESEARCH MISCONDUCT. REQUIRING PIs TO ATTEST, PERHAPS WITH A CHECK BOX, WHEN THEY'RE SUBMITTING A GRANT APPLICATION OR PROGRESS REPORT, THAT THEY HAVE NOT VIOLATED THEIR INSTITUTIONAL CODE OF CONDUCT WHICH INCLUDES HARASSMENT. THAT WOULD BE A STEP FORWARD AND WE WOULD HAVE TO FIGURE OUT WHAT TO DO IF THE BOX GETS CHECKED, WHAT'S THE RESPONSE TO THAT. VERY CONSIDERABLE CONCERN ABOUT INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE SUFFERED CAREER DAMAGE AS A RESULT OF HARASSMENT THAT THEY HAVE DECLARED AND THEN OFTENTIMES BEEN RETALIATED AGAINST, HOW DO WE HAVE RESTORATIVE JUSTICE CAPABILITIES TO GIVE THOSE INDIVIDUALS TO GET CAREERS BACK ON TRACK. AND ALSO THE CONCERN THAT MANY TIMES THE HARASSMENT IS FROM A MENTOR TO A MENTEE, WHICH IS PARTICULARLY EGREGIOUS, BUT HOW DO WE FIGURE OUT WAYS TO ADDRESS THAT CIRCUMSTANCE IF IT SHOULD HAPPEN? NONE OF THESE ARE EASY TOPICS TO THINK ABOUT. I GIVE THAT WORKING GROUP A LOT OF CREDIT FOR BEING BOLD AND NOT LIMITING THEMSELVES BY WHAT MAYBE PEOPLE WHO HAVE TOLD THEM WERE GOING TO BE THE LIMITS OF THE CAPABILITY, THEY'RE PUSHING THIS FORWARD. A SMALL THING I'VE DONE ABOUT THIS WHICH GOT A LOT MORE ATTENTION THAN I EVER THOUGHT IT WOULD WAS THIS COMMENT ABOUT JUST ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF WHERE WE NEED TO CHANGE THE CULTURE. WHICH IS THE PRESENCE OF PANELS AT SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS THAT ARE ALL MALE. I SUSPECT ALL OF YOU HAVE BEEN IN CIRCUMSTANCES WHERE THAT HAS HAPPENED, THE SO CALLED MANELS OR SOMETIMES CALLED HIMPOSIUMS. WE HAVE AN INCREASINGLY DIVERSE WORKFORCE BUT IT DOESN'T ALWAYS LIKE THAT WAY, IT'S SORT OF THE NETWORK OF WHO DO YOU KNOW, WHO'S BEEN A GOOD SPEAKER BEFORE AND PRETTY SOON YOU HAVE IT, A WHOLE BUNCH OF WHITE MALES, OFTENTIMES SENIOR WHITE MALES. WE'VE GOT TO END THIS. SO I PUT OUT A LITTLE STATEMENT ABOUT IT, WAS ASTOUNDED BY THE RESPONSE ACROSS THE COMMUNITY, AND LOTS OF OTHER PEOPLE HAVE NOW COME FORWARD ALSO TO SAY THEY'RE GOING TO FOLLOW THE SAME RULE. SO IF YOU WANT ME TO COME TO YOUR MEETING, YOU'RE GOING TO GET A LETTER THAT SAYS, OKAY, FIRST I HAVE TO SEE THE AGENDA, I HAVE TO SEE WHO ARE KEYNOTE SPEAKERS, I HAVE TO SEE IF YOU WANT ME TO BE ON A PANEL, WHO ARE THE OTHER PANEL MEMBERS. GOT TO CONVINCED THAT EVERYTHING ABOUT THE MEETING TOOK INTO CONSIDERATION THE NEED FOR DIVERSITY. WE JUST CAN'T KEEP GOING ON THIS WAY WITHOUT PAYING I ATTENTION ATTENTION T O THAT. WELL, I TOLD YOU IT WAS A SMOR SMORGASBORD, THOSE ARE THE TOPICS I THOUGHT I'D PUT IN FRONT OF YOU. I'D BE GLAD TO ENGAGE NOW IN WHATEVER TOPICS YOU WANT TO TALK ABOUT AND AGAIN, APPRECIATE THE CHANCE TO BE HERE. BACK TO YOU, JIM. >> OKAY. THANKS VERY MUCH, FRANCIS. WE HAVE ABOUT 10 MINUTES FOR QUESTIONS. I KNOW YOUR SCHEDULE IS VERY BUSY AND I'LL ASK YOU TO CALL ON MEMBERS. STATE YOUR NAME, THOUGH, FOR THE TRANSCRIPTIONIST. THANK YOU. >> ANDY FEINBERG. JOHNS HOPKINS. SO FRANCIS, CONGRATULATIONS FOR, LIKE, SAVING THE NIH. >> I HAD A LOT OF HELP. >> EVERYBODY APPRECIATES IT. IT'S JUST AN INCREDIBLE THING, AND WE HOPE TO SEE YOUR NAME ON THE GLORY HALL WHATEVER IT'S CALLED NEXT YEAR. SO BUT ONE OF THE THINGS IN PARTICULAR WAS STRENGTHENING AND ORGANIZING WHAT'S NOW CALLED THE COMMON FUND INTO WHAT IT IS, IT'S THE MAJOR FUNDING THING THAT'S DONE THROUGH THIS COUNCIL. AND I WANTED TO ASK A QUESTION ABOUT THAT. WHEN YOU MENTIONED IN THE GROWTH OF THE BUDGET, YOU SAID THIS, THE TWEP 20 PERCENTILE ARE DEMONSTRABLY AS GOOD AS THINGS LOWER THAN THAT, THAT'S PARTICULARLY TRUE FOR HIGHLY INNOVATIVE RESEARCH AND RESEARCH THAT'S CROSS CUTTING. AND THAT OFTEN CAN GET MISSED IN PANELS WHERE THINGS ARE GETTING FUNDED AT THE 8% PAYLINE. THERE WAS A STUDY, I'M SURE YOU KNOW ABOUT IT, YOU WERE PROBABLY AN AUTHOR OF IT, MY GUESS IS THAT YOU WROTE IT EVEN, BY OSTP A FEW YEARS AGO, AND THERE WAS A PARTICULARLY STUNNING OBSERVATION THERE THAT RESEARCH SHOWS HIGH RISK RESEARCH IN PARTICULAR IS WAY UNDERFUNDED. I MEAN, IT'S LIKE -- AT THE TIME THAT WAS WRITTEN, I THINK IT WAS A HALF A PERCENT OF THE PORTFOLIO, IT COULD BE AT LEAST FIVE TIMES THAT OR SO, AND I'M JUST WONDERING, IT'S NICE TO ADVOCATE FOR WHAT IT DOES, BUT I THINK LEGITIMATELY, THOSE SORTS OF ACTIVITIES THAT ARE CROSS CUTTING REALLY DESERVE TO GROW. IN MY BRIEF TENURE HERE SO FAR, IT'S AMAZING, THE THINGS THAT ARE BEIN DONE THAT I DIDN'T EVEN KNOW ABOUT, AND I WONDER WHETHER YOU COULD SAY SOMETHING ABOUT THAT, INNOVATION RESEARCH IN PARTICULAR. >> I TOTALLY AGREE WITH YOU. I THINK THE COMMON FUND HAS BEEN A WONDERFUL LABORATORY FOR TESTING THAT FOR NIH FUNDED RESOURCES AND IT HAS SHOWN SUCCESS OVER AND OVER AGAIN. WHEN WE LOOK AT HIGH RISK REWARD PROGRAM, PIONEER AWARDS, INDEPENDENCE AWARDS, NOW THAT WE HAVE ENOUGH EXPERIENCE TO REALLY BEGIN TO ASSESS WHAT PRODUCTIVITY IS AND THEY BEAT OUT THE R01s AND THAT'S TELLING YOU SOMETHING. THE INSTITUTES HAVE ALL NOTICED THIS BECAUSE IF YOU REALLY WANT TO CHANGE THE CULTURE, THE COMMON FUND, EVEN THOUGH IT'S GREAT SPACE, IS A TINY PERCENTAGE OF THE TOTAL. WHAT IS IT, 1.7% OF THE BUDGET. YOU WANT THE INSTITUTES TO ADOPT THAT SAME ATTITUDE. SOME ARE DESIGNED TO ADOPT ITMENT LOOK AT IT. NCATS IS ALMOST ENTIRELY BASED ON COLLABORATIVE INNOVATIVE EFFORTS. THERE'S HARDLY ANY STANDARD R01s AT NCATS AT ALL. OTHER INSTITUTES, LOOK AT NIGMS, REALLY JON LORSCH IS DETERMINED TO TAKE ALMOST THE ENTIRE PORTFOLIO DOWN THIS PATH OF THE R35, WHAT HE CALLS MIRA AWARDS WHICH ARE VERY MUCH BUILT UPON THE EXPERIENCE OF THE COMMON FUND'S PIONEER AWARDS SHOWING THAT'S A WAY TO GET INNOVATION WHERE PEOPLE ARE REALLY REACHING OUT THERE CREATIVELY INSTEAD OF JUST TELLING YOU IN THEIR PRELIMINARY DATA THAT THEY'VE REALLY ACTUALLY ALREADY DONE THE PROJECT, WHICH ALL TO OFTEN IN THE PAST HAS BEEN THE CASE. SO I THINK THERE'S A WONDERFUL MOMENTUM HERE BEHIND THAT, BUT IT NEEDS CONTINUAL PUSH AND IT PARTICULARLY NEEDS A PUSH IN AREAS WHERE YOU WANT TO BRING DISCIPLINES TOGETHER, AND IT'S THE SPARKS THAT HAPPEN WHEN THEY BUMP INTO EACH OTHER. THAT'S ONE OF THE THINGS I HOPE WE CAN DO WITH THIS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PROGRAM WHICH YOU'RE GOING TO BE HEARING MORE ABOUT LATER. SO I'M TOTALLY WITH YOU, IT'S ONE OF MY PASSIONS, AND THERE IS RESISTANCE TO IT, THERE ARE STILL PEOPLE OUT THERE WHO THINK WE SHOULD DO THINGS THE WAY WE ALWAYS HAVE, WHICH USUALLY MEANS CONTINUE TO FUND THE GRANTS THAT THEY'RE COMFORTABLE WITH, BUT I WANT TO MAKE PEOPLE A LITTLE UNCOMFORTABLE AND SOMETIMES THAT' WHAT IT TAKES. YES. >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH AND CONGRATULATIONS. MIKE LARIMORE, U.C. DAVIS SCHOOL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. YOU DID SING TO PAUL THE OTHER DAY, WHEN WE ROTATE OFF COUNCIL, YOU'D SING TO US, BUT -- >> THERE'S A CERTAIN LIMIT TO HOW MANY SONGS I CAN COME UP WITH. PAUL WAS HAVING HIS RECEPTION AND IT SEEMED LIKE A FAREWELL SONG WAS NECESSARY SO WHAT DO YOU PICK FOR THE GUY WHO'S LEAVING THE EYE INSTITUTE? REMEMBER THAT SONG FROM 1971 CALLED "I CAN SEE CLEARLY NOW"? >> THAT WAS GREAT. MY QUESTION IS, AS A VETERINARIAN AND SCIENTIST, WE THINK A LOT OF ABOUT TRANS DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND YOU ILLUSTRATED MANY OF THOSE IN YOUR COMMENTS. ARE THERE OPPORTUNITIES FOR NIH ACROSS NOT ONLY NIH BUT ACROSS USDA AND NSF AND WHERE WE HAVE LARGE PROBLEMS IN OUR WORLD LIKE MICRO PLASTICS IN THE ENVIRONMENT, FOR EXAMPLE, WHERE WE CAN LEVERAGE NIH RESOURCES ACROSS MULTIPLE OTHER INSTITUTES? >> YOU KNOW, WE HAVE, I THINK, TRIED OUR BEST TO BUILD THOSE RELATIONSHIPS. THAT'S BEEN ANOTHER AREA OF HIGH PRIORITY FOR ME TO MAKE SURE WE'RE NOT JUST AN ISLAND HERE. MICRO PLASTICS, FOR INSTANCE, NIEHS WORKING IN THAT SPACE WITH EP A AND OTHERS HAS CERTAINLY HAD RESEARCH INVESTMENT. WE HAVE TRIED WITH USDA TO FOCUS IN DIFFERENT WAYS, THEY'RE GOING THROUGH A TOUGH TIME AT THE MOMENT. WE CERTAINLY HAVE STRONG RELATIONSHIPS WITH NSF, WE CO-CHAIRED THE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE FOR THE WHOLE GOVERNMENT AND WE HAVE LOTS OF REASONS TO TALK TO EACH OTHER ABOUT SHARED EFFORTS AND THINGS LIKE COMPUTER SCIENCE. WITHIN HHS, I THINK WE'VE PROBABLY HAD THE STRONGEST RELATIONSHIPS IN HISTORY WITH FDA AND WITH CMS AND WITH CDC, ALL OF WHICH WE HAVE JOINT LEADERSHIP COUNCILS THAT I CO-CHAIR WITH THE HEADS OF THOSE AGENCIES TO BE SURE WE'VE IDENTIFIED PLACES THAT WE CAN DO THINGS TOGETHER. BUT NEVER ENOUGH OF THIS. WE HAVE A PRETTY GOOD RELATIONSHIP WITH NASA RIGHT NOW. CHRIS AUSTIN HAS BEEN OUR LIAISON THERE AND WE HAVE -- IN SPACE AS A RESULT AND THAT'S BEEN A LOT OF FUN. SO YOU'RE QUITE RIGHT, WE'VE GOT TO NOT THINK OF OURSELVES AS SOME SORT OF ISOLATED ACADEMIC I'VE IVORY TOWER. WE HAVE TO BE PART OF THE MIX OF OTHER EXPERTISE AND TALENT OUT THERE. >> THANK YOU. ANNA MARIA FROM UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHURST. SO MY QUESTION RELATES TO SORT OF THE EASY WAY OF DEALING WITH SOME OF THESE ISSUES THAT WE'VE IDENTIFIED IN OUR FIELD SUCH AS SEXUAL HARASSMENT AND DISCRIMINATION THAT THE EASIEST THING TO DO IS TO DEVELOP THIS ONLINE TRAINING PROGRAM THAT EVERYBODY HAS TO GO THROUGH. AND THE REALITY IS, I HAVEN'T NECESSARILY SEEN A FORMAL EVALUATION AS TO WHETHER OR NOT THAT REALLY MAKES A DIFFERENCE, AND THEN THE SECOND THING IS REALLY BEING ABLE TO GET THOSE INDIVIDUALS WHO NEED IT THE MOST TO BE ABLE TO TAKE THE TRAINING. AND THE THIRD POINT IS, I WOULD LOVE TO BE ABLE TO SEE SORT OF NIH, WHILE I APPLAUD THE FACT THAT YOU YOURSELVES DID A SURVEY, BUT TO REALLY TAKE SORT OF AN INTROSPECTIVE LOOK AT THE SYSTEMATIC POLICIES THAT CONTINUE TO ALLOW THIS TYPE OF DISCRIMINATION WHETHER IT'S SEXUAL OR RACIAL OR WHATEVER TO CONTINUE TO OCCUR IN THE WORKPLACE AS WELL AS HOW WE ACTUALLY TRAIN FUTURE SCIENTISTS ACROSS THE COUNTRY. >> THOSE ARE EXCELLENT POINTS AND I RESONATE WITH ALL OF THEM. THE IDEA OF THE SURVEY WAS NOT JUST AS A ONE-TIME THING. WE THOUGHT WE SHOULD HAVE A BASELINE, THAT'S WHAT THIS IS, AND THEN WE WILL INITIATE A WHOLE BUNCH OF OTHER INTERVENTIONS, SOME OF THEM ARE ONLINE TRAINING, I SHARE YOUR SKEPTICISM ABOUT WHETHER THAT REALLY AFFECTS BEHAVIOR FOR THE& PEOPLE WHERE YOU MOST NEED TO SO IN HAVE TO BE OTHER INSTANCES. THE OTHER THING WE HAVE DONE IS TO CREATE THIS WIDE OPEN OPPORTUNITY FOR PEOPLE TO RAISE COMPLAINTS WHEN THINGS ARE HAPPENING, WHICH IN THE PAST WAS NOT SO EASY AND YOU CAN DO THAT ANONYMOUSLY OR YOU CAN DO IT SPECIFICALLY IDENTIFYING YOURSELF. THAT HAS RESULTED IN AN UPTICK OF MANY FOLD IN TERMS OF THOSE COMPLAINTS AND THEY ALL GET FOLLOWED UP ON, SO THE A LEAST THAT IS A WAY OF IDENTIFYING REPEATED CIRCUMSTANCES WHERE INDIVIDUALS MAYBE ARE NOT ENGAGED IN ACTUAL SEXUAL COERCION BUT ARE HARASSING, AND THAT'S ALREADY LED TO SOME SIGNIFICANT JOB INTERVENTIONS, INCLUDING AT LEAST IN ONE INSTANCE THE DEPARTURE OF A SENIOR LEADER WHO WAS SIMPLY FOUND NOT TO BE REHABILITATABLE. SO IT'S GOT TO HAVE MUSCLE. IT CAN'T BE WE'RE GOING TO HAVE A NICE TALK ABOUT THIS AND GO BACK TO DOING WHAT WE'RE DOING. IT'S AN EXPERIMENT, I'M GLAD TO SEE THERE ARE OTHER INSTITUTIONS THAT ARE ALSO TRYING EXPERIMENTS. AGAIN, I THINK WE HAVE TO HOLD OURSELVES ACCOUNTABLE BY CERTAIN METRICS TO SAY DID IT MAKE A DIFFERENCE AND WE WILL BE REPEATING THIS EXACT SAME SURVEY OVER TEAM TIME TO SEE WHETHER IT'S CHANGED AND IF IT HASN'T, WE HAVE TO FIGURE OUT OTHER KINDS OF INTERVENTIONS. >> I HAVE A TWO-PART QUESTION, IT'S ACTUALLY FROM THE VERY BEGINNING OF YOUR TALK AND THE VERY END. SO THERE WAS A WIDE NIH MANDATE TO SUPPORT EARLY STAGE INVESTIGATORS AND THIS HAS BEEN TREMENDOUSLY POSITIVE. SO MY QUESTION ABOUT THAT IS THE WAY I UNDERSTAND THIS WAS DONE WAS REALLY TO PUSH IT TO THE INSTITUTES AND SAY COME UP WITH PLANS AND THEY'VE ALL DONE DIFFERENT THINGS AND CAN YOU RELATE THOSE THAT WERE MOST SUCCESSFUL FOR OTHERS TO LEARN FROM SO WE CAN REALLY DO BEST PRACTICES AND THEN THE END OF MY QUESTION IS, CAN WE DO THE SAME THING FOR PROMOTION OF INDIVIDUALS FROM COLOR AND WOMEN IN SCIENCE INSTEAD OF HAVING THIS BROAD NIH EFFORT WITH PERHAPS NEW TRAININGS ONLINE OR WHATEVER BUT TO REALLY PUSH THAT TO THE INSTITUTES AS LABORATORIES TO TRY TO FIGURE OUT WAYS TO DO THIS BETTER AND THEN TO LEARN FROM EACH OTHER. >> GREAT QUESTIONS. SO WITH THE INSTITUTES, WE DID GIVE THEM SOME LATITUDE ABOUT HOW THEY WERE GOING TO REACH THIS SORT OF 25% SUCCESS FOR EARLY STAGE INVESTIGATORS. THEY WERE REASONABLY CONSISTENT ALONG THE WAY, THERE WERE INCREASE BY R56s, WHERE YOU BASICALLY SAY YOU ALMOST GOT THERE, LET'S GIVE YOU A YEAR TO TIGHTEN IT UP A LITTLE BIT SO YOU'RE ACTUALLY FUNDED BUT WE WANT TO SEE THAT APPLICATION. AGAIN, OTHERS, I THINK PARTICULARLY TRIED TO FOCUS IN AREAS WHERE THEY KNEW THEIR PORTFOLIO ALSO NEEDED MORE INNOVATION, AND MAYBE EVEN WENT ABOVE 25% FOR THOSE. THAT WAS FINE TOO. I THINK WHAT REALLY HELPED, THOUGH, IS THAT EVERYBODY WAS LOOKING AT EVERYBODY ELSE'S& SUCCESS RATE. WE LOOKED AT THISSER WEEK THIS EVERY WEEK AND YOU COULD SAY OKAY, MY INSTITUTE IS LAGGING BEHIND, I'D BETTER CATCH UP. INSTITUTE DIRECTORS ARE COMPETITIVE AND THEY DON'T WANT TO BE THE ONE THAT'S LIKE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE PILE AND WE TOOK ADVANTAGE OF THAT AS WELL. I THINK THAT SAME THING IS HAPPENING THIS YEAR. IN TERMS OF RECRUITMENT, WE HAVE TO COME UP WITH A WAY FOR THAT ALSO TO BE A STRATEGIC GOAL AND NOT JUST OKAY WE'RE GOING TO RECRUIT ONE PERSON AND LET'S HOPE WE GET SOMEBODY WHO IS FROM A MINORITY GROUP, WHO IS A WOMAN, BUT IF WE DON'T, OH, WELL. AT NIH, WE'VE ENGAGED IN THIS FOR OUR OWN INTRAMURAL PROGRAM FOR THE FIRST TIME BY HAVING A COHORT RECRUITING PROGRAM WHERE WE HAVE RECRUITED IN THE LAST YEAR A GROUP OF 10 JUNIOR FACULTY WHO SPECIFICALLY WE WERE LOOKING FOR INDIVIDUALS FROM UNDERREPRESENTED GROUPS AND WE GOT THEM, AND THEY COME ON AS A GROUP WHICH MEANS THEY HAVE A CERTAIN COHERENCE, A CERTAIN CRITICAL MASS. THEY'RE AT MULTIPLE DIFFERENT INSTITUTES BUT THIS IS A WAY, I THINK, OF TRYING TO CHANGE WHAT HAS BEEN A PRETTY LIMITING CIRCUMSTANCE FOR MANY SUCH INDIVIDUALS WHO DON'T FEEL WHEN THEY ARRIVE THAT THERE'S MUCH OF A COMMUNITY FOR THEM, THEY DON'T FEEL AL THAT WELCOME. WE HAVE TO CHANGE THAT TOO. WE'RE HAVING SERIOUS DISCUSSIONS AS JIM WILL KNOW WITH HANNAH VALANTINE ABOUT WHETHER THERE IS A PROGRAM WE COULD CONSIDER LIKE THAT FOR THE EXTRAMURAL COMMUNITY, WHERE THE NIH WOULD BASICALLY SAY WE'LL HELP YOU A LITTLE BIT BUT YOU'VE GOT TO DO SOMETHING REALLY BOLD HERE IN TERMS OF HOW YOU DO THOSE RECRUITMENTS. IT'S NOT THAT WE HAVE A SHORTAGE OF DOCTORAL-LEVEL TRAINED PEOPLE FROM UNDERREPRESENTED GROUPS. IF YOU LOOK AT THOSE CURRENTS, THEY'VE BEEN GOING UP VERY STEEPLY IN TERMS OF MSM DEGREES, BUT RECRUITING THEM FROM JUNIOR FACULTY ARE NOT GOING UP STEEPLY. SO THIS ISSUE OF OLD PATTERNS AND NOT FINDING OUT ABOUT QUALIFIED APPLICANTS BECAUSE THEY DON'T HAS HAPPEN TO BE NE INSTITUTIONS OR IN THE NETWORKS WE ALL HAVE TENDED TO TAP INTO. YOU'LL BE HEARING MORE ABOUT THAT. I THOUGHT IT WAS POSSIBLE AT THIS MEETING WE MIGHT HAVE AN IDEA FOR YOU. IT'S STILL IN A BUILT OF A STIR IN TERMS OF WHAT INSTITUTE DIRECTORS THINK ABOUT THE VARIOUS NO MODELS, IT'S GOING TO BE A FOCUS OF OUR LEADERSHIP FORUM IN NOVEMBER WHERE ALL THE INSTITUTE DIRECTORS GET IN A ROOM FOR A COUPLE OF DAYS AND THIS WILL BE A MAJOR TALK ABOUT TO TOPIC TO TALK ABOUT SO I'M GLAD YOU BROUGHT IT UP. YES. >> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR ALL THAT YOU DO AND HAVE DONE FOR THE NIH AND FOR THE COUNTRY. I'M EDITH MITCHELL FROM THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY, AND MY QUESTION IS REGARDNG THE YOUNG INVESTIGATORS. THIS IS A TREMENDOUS PROGRAM, AND IN OUR HISTORY AT NIH, WE HAVE ALSO HAD PROGRAMS TO ARE INCREASING THE NUMBER OF YOUNG INVESTIGATORS FROM UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITY GROUPS. MY QUESTION IS, LOOKING AT THE CURRENT SITUATION AND THE CURRENT STATUS OF PROGRAMS, HOW ARE WE DOING WITH BRINGING YOUNG INVESTIGATORS, FUTURE SCIENTISTS IN THAT GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS THAT WE ARE WORKING WITH NOW? >> WE'RE NOT DOING NEARLY AS WELL AS WE SHOULD. AND AS I SAID A MINUTE AGO, I HAVE SOME IDEAS ABOUT HOW TO CHANGE THAT BECAUSE THE TALENT IS OUT THERE MUCH MORE THAN IT WAS IN THE PAST, WE'RE JUST NOT DOING A GOOD JOB OF BRINGING IT ON TO OUR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH WORKFORCE AS INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATORS AND PROVIDING AN ENVIRONMENT THAT ENCOURAGES THOSE FOLKS NOT JUST TO ARRIVE BUT TO STAY AND WE HAVE TO CROSS ALL OF THE COUNTRY'S EFFORTS, CHANGE THAT. THAT IS CLEARLY AN URGENCY WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE SPECIFIC PERCENTAGES OF OUR FACULTY MEMBERS COMPARED TO THE COUNTRY. WE DON'T LOOK LIKE THE COUNTRY. WE HAVE WOULD WOEFUL UNDER REPRESENTATION OF AFRICANS, LATINOS, AFRICAN-AMERICANS. THIS IS NOT JUST A NICE THING TO DO, IT'S THE DIVERSITY OF THE WORKFORCE, TRANSLATES INTO PRODUCTIVITY AND WE'RE MISSING OUT ON THAT WITHOUT ADDRESSING THIS ISSUE. SO YOU WILL BE HEARING MORE THINGS THAT WE'RE GOING TO TRY TO DO, TBU AGAIN, I WOULD PUT BACK ON THE INSTITUTIONS THAT ARE OUT THERE THE RESPONSIBILITY, THE SERIOUSNESS THAT THIS NEEDS TO BE ADDRESSED SO THAT EVERY RECRUITMENT THAT IS GOING ON IS DONE WITH THIS IN MIND. BY THE WAY, HANNAH VALANTINE'S OFFICE HAS CREATED SOME REALLY USEFUL TOOLS IF YOU'VE NOT LOOKED THERE IN TERMS OF HOW IN A RECRUITMENT ACTUALLY FIND OUT ABOUT QUALIFIED APPLICANTS THAT MAYBE DIDN'T COME TO YOU FROM THE USUAL NETWORKS BECAUSE I THINK THAT'S STILL A BIG PART OF IT, SO THE CLSWD, IF YOU GO TO NIH AND PUT THAT IN, YOU CAN SEE WHAT SOME OF THOSE RESOURCES ARE AND I'D ENCOURAGE YOU TO SPREAD THEM AROUND IN YOUR INSTITUTIONS SO THAT EVERY TIME THERE'S A SEARCH, PEOPLE ARE REALLY SEARCHING AND NOT JUST DOING THE DEFAULT. >> FRANCIS, I DON'T KNOW YOUR SCHEDULE, CAN YOU TAKE ANOTHER ONE OR TWO QUESTIONS? >> I'LL TAKE ANOTHER ONE OR TWO. >> OKAY. RHONDA HAS BEEN TRYING TO ASK A QUESTION. >> OKAY. I'M SORRY. I DIDN'T SEE. GO AHEAD. >> HI. RHONDA, BLUE CROSS OF IDAHO FOUNDATION FOR HEALTH. I, TOO, WANT TO SAY CONGRATULATIONS ON YOUR CAREER OF 10 YEARS AND ALSO PARTICULARLY THE LIST OF THINGS THAT YOU MENTIONED TODAY, VERY CONTEMPORARY AND VERY MEANINGFUL IN TERMS OF HEALTHCARE. I'M IN THAT FIELD, I'M NOT A RESEARCHER, I'M NOT A SCIENTIST. I'M KIND OF A PRACTICAL PERSON THAT HAS TO LOOK AT THIS AND SEE HOW IT APPLIES TO THE REAL WORLD. SO I HAVE A COUPLE OF QUESTIONS HERE. IN TERMS OF A.I., A.I. HAS BECOME SO POPULAR SO EVERYBODY IS GRABBING IT AT THIS POINT. >> YEAH. >> I HAVE TWO QUESTIONS WITH THAT. ONE, I NOTICE THE PERSONS THAT ARE IN THE WORKING GROUP, AND YOU HAVE A WIDE DIVERSITY OF INDIVIDUALS HERE, I'M WONDERING -- AND THEY'RE TALKING ABOUT DATA. DOES THE DATA INCLUDE POCKETS LIKE DATA THAT IS HELD BY HEALTH PLANS, ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD COMPANIES, AND ALSO AREAS WHERE THERE ARE COMPANIES THAT ARE COLLECTING EXTENSIVE GENOMIC INFORMATION. SO THAT'S ONE QUESTION. MY OTHER QUESTION IS WHETHER OR NOT OUT OF THIS WORK GROUP, WILL THERE BE ANY TYPE OF GUIDELINES OR PRINCIPLES AROUND WHAT'S RESPONSIBLE A.I. TECHNIQUES IN RESEARCH. BECAUSE WE'RE SEEING IT ALL OVER THE MAP AND PEOPLE ARE COMING OUT WITH DIFFERENT METHODOLOGIES BUT ALSO DIFFERENT OUTCOMES BASED ON SIMILAR DATA. >> THOSE ARE GREAT QUESTIONS. AGAIN, WHAT WE AIM TO DO IS TO TRY TO EMPOWER A.I. APPLICATIONS TO ALL THE TYPES OF DATA THAT POTENTIALLY ARE GOING TO GIVE US INSIGHTS INTO HOW TO PREVENT ILLNESS OR HOW TO TREAT IT WHEN IT HAPPENS, SO CERTAINLY THAT INCLUDES ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS AS THEY'RE ACCESSIBLE TO US WITH APPROPRIATE PERMISSION. IT CERTAINLY INCLUDES A WHOLE LOT OF GENOMIC DATA. THIS AFTERNOON YOU'RE GOING TO HEAR FROM STEPHANIE DUVANEY ABOUT ALL-OF-US WHICH IS GOING TO BE -- YOU HAVE A MILLION AMERICANS IN WHICH THERE WILL BE COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCES AND YOU CAN START TO FIGURE OUT WHAT CAN A.I. APPROACHES DO IN THAT SITUATON. IN MANY OTHER INSTANCES, WE WILL SORT OF HAVE TO DEPEND ON THE DATASETS THAT PEOPLE ARE WILLING TO MAKE AVAILABLE THAT ARE ACTUALLY APPROPRIATELY HANDLED AS FAR AS CONSENTS BECAUSE THAT'S GOING TO BE A SERIOUS PRIVACY ISSUE AS WELL. AND WE'LL HAVE TO SEE HOW THAT PLAYS OUT. I'M SORRY, THE SECOND PART OF YOUR QUESTION I'M BLANKING ON. >> A.I. AND TECHNIQUES AND METHODOLOGIES THAT ARE BEING USED AND WHETHER OR NOT THERE ARE GUIDELINES AROUND THAT BECAUSE WE'RE SEEING SO MANY DIFFERENT -- >> RIGHT. CERTAINLY THERE ARE SERIOUS ISSUES ABOUT ETHICS IN A.I., AND IN FACT ONE OF THE MEMBERS OF OUR A.I. WORKING GROUP IS CONSIDERED ONE OF THE EXPERTS IN THAT SPACE AND HAS ALREADY KIND OF ELEVATED EVERYBODY'S CONSCIOUSNESS THAT THIS IS AN ISSUE FOR US. IT'S NOT JUST ABOUT FACIAL RECOGNITION IN PUBLIC ARENAS. THERE'S A LOT OF INFORMATION HERE ALSO THAT WE HAVE TO TAKE SERIOUSLY. THAT WILL BE FACTORED INTO THEIR RECOMMENDATIONS WHETHER THEY MAKE THEM COMING UP IN DECEMBER. YES, MAYBE LAST QUESTION AND THEN I'LL HAVE TO SCOOT. >> I'LL ADD TO THE COURSE OF PEOPLE WHO, FRANCIS, THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR ALL THE WORK YOU'VE DONE. KEVIN JOHNSON FROM VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY. SO THIS CHALLENGE, I'M ABOUT TO ISSUE A SMALL CHALLENGE TO US. >> DO IT. >> I HOPE THAT MY IGNORANCE IN THIS CASE IS TREATED AS THAT IF IT TURNS OUT WE'RE FURTHER ALONG WITH THIS AREA THAN I REALIZE, BUT AS I HEAR SOME OF OUR NICHE INITIATIVES LIKE HEAL, LIKE A.I., AND A NUMBER OF NEW ONES THAT WE'RE LOOKING AT THAT ARE CONCEPTS LIKE THE SEQUENCE DATA ARCHIVE, I CONTINUE TO WORRY THAT I DON'T HAVE A WAY TO PROMOTE MY JUNIOR FACULTY WHO IN ANY WAY CONTRIBUTE ANYTHING BUT PUBLICATIONS TO THEIR CV. I DON'T KNOW HOW TO CREDIT THEIR DATA, I DON'T KNOW HOW TO CREDIT ITS VALUE, THE EFFORT THEY MIGHT TAKE TO HARMONIZE THOSE DATA OR MAKE IT INTEROPERABLE, YET WE KNOW WE WANT THEM TO DO THESE THINGS OR AT LEAST WE'D HOPE THEY'D BE INTERESTED IN DOING THOSE THINGS. I'M CURIOUS WHETHER THERE'S AN OPPORTUNITY HERE FOR THE COMMON FUND TO BE USED TO HELP CREATE A NEW METRIC THAT THOSE OF US WHO ARE TRYING TO PROMOTE JUNIOR FACULTY CAN THINK ABOUT? >> THAT'S AN INTERESTING IDEA. YOU ARE SO RIGHT THAT THE WAY IN WHICH OUR WHOLE FIELD OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH HAS EVOLVED MEANS THAT THE TRADITIONAL METHODS OF EVALUATING INDIVIDUALS FOR PROMOTION OR HIRING ARE REALLY OUT OF DATE. AND I'M SORRY TO SAY, I THINK THERE'S STILL LOTS OF INSTITUTIONS THAT ARE COUNTING FIRST AND LAST AUTHOR PAPERS AND THAT'S JUST NOT RIGHT ANYMORE. AND CLEARLY, THE USE OF PARTICULAR IMPACT FACTORS ATTACH TO PARTICULAR JOURNALS WHICH WE HAVE SHOWN IN VERY, I THINK, ELEGANT WAYS THROUGH JIM ANDERSON'S AND HIS OFFICE OF PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS AND THE RCR IS COMPLETELY UNJUSTIFIED AND YET THOSE THINGS ARE STILL IN THERE. SO WE SHOULD BLOW THAT SYSTEM UP AND COME UP WITH SOMETHING THAT ACTUALLY REFLECTS CONTRIBUTION. NIH HAS TRIED TO DO THAT BY REVISING THE BIOSKETCH FORMAT SO THAT IT IS GIVING AN OPPORTUNITY NOT JUST TO SORT OF LIST A FEW PAPERS BUT SAY WHY WAS THIS SIGNIFICANT AND WHAT DID THIS INDIVIDUAL DOLL TO DO TO CONTRIBUTE TO IT, THAT'S A STEP IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION. BUT WHEN IT COMES TO COMPLICATED CIRCUMSTANCES LIKE CLEANING UP DATABASES OR PUTTING TOGETHER COMPLICATED ANALYSES THAT MAY INVOLVE BIG TEAMS, WE'RE NOT THERE YET. WE DO NEED, I THINK, SOME KIND OF WAY TO APPROACH THAT. I DON'T KNOW, THOUGH, KEVIN, WOULD ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS BE WILLING TO GIVE UP THEIR SORT OF STRATEGIES FOR MAKING THOSE DECISIONS BY SOME GOVERNMENT-IMPOSED NEW SET OF METRICS ABOUT HOW JUNIOR FACULTY SHOULD BE EVALUATED? >> I DON'T KNOW, BUT WHAT PRESENTATIONS ON 60 MINUTES HELP US TO BELIEVE BETTER THE VALUE OF SOMATIC MUTATION? [LAUGHTER] >> I GUESS I'M -- I THINK THE ANSWER IS, I DON'T KNOW WHERE ELSE WE SHOULD TURN. >> THIS CONFERENCE HAS BEEN RUNNING FOR A LONG TIME. PRESS 1 TO CONTINUE THIS CONFERENCE. [LAUGHTER] >> THANK YOU, OPERATOR. >> THANK YOU. YOUR CONFERENCE WILL NOW CONTINUE. >> THAT WAS A FORM OF EVALUATION PERFORMANCE, I THINK. I THINK IT'S AN INTERESTING IDEA. WHETHER IT FITS IN THE COMMON FUND OR WHETHER THERE'S ANOTHER WAY IN WHICH NIH COULD GET ENGAGED IN THAT IS SOMETHING WE SHOULD TALK ABOUT. WE HAVE TALKED ABOUT BUT MAYBE NOT QUITE IN THE WAY YOU PROPOSE. >> PART OF THE CHALLENGE IS BEING ABLE TO FRACK TRACK THE THINGS YOU'RE TRYING TO MEASURE. WE'RE AWARE AND HEADED THAT WAY. FRANCIS, THANKS FOR TAKING EXTRA TIME TODAY. >> IT'S GREAT TO BE HERE WITH ALL OF YOU. [APPLAUSE] >> OKAY. SO I'M GOING TO GIVE YOU A CHALLENGE AFTER KEVIN'S -- DID YOU WANT A 5-MINUTE BREAK OR KEEP GOING? >> FIVE MINUTES. >> FIVE MINUTES. >> THIS IS A REISSUANCE OF A LONG-STANDING FUNDING OPPORTUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT. THIS IS A R ISSUANCE OF A FUNDING OPPORTUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT PRESENTED BY MALGORZATA KLOSEK. WE HAVE TWO DISCUSSANTS -- AND SACHIN. >> GOOD MORNING. SHALL I BEGIN? >> PLEASE DO. >> THANK YOU. I'M GOING TO GIVE A BRIEF INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE SHARED INSTRUMENTATION PROGRAM, DETAILS ON THE SLIDE. SO THE SHARED INSTRUMENTATION PROGRAM AS THE NAME INDICATES SUPPORTS ACQUISITIONS OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, WHICH ARE AVAILABLE COMMERCIALLY, AND AFTER THE ACQUISITION, THEY HAVE TO BE USED ON A SHARED BASIS. TO MANY OF YOU, THE PROGRAM IS KNOWN BY THE -- MECHANISM, THE FUNDING IS USED FOR, SO THIS S10 AWARDS ARE ISSUED FOR ONE YEAR AND DURING THAT PERIOD OF A YEAR, THE INSTRUMENTS ARE SUPPOSED TO BE ORDERED, DELIVERED, INSTALLED, CALIBRATED AND READY TO USE. WHAT DO WE FUND? THIS IS A LIST OF EXAMPLES, AND I WANTED TO POINT OUT YOUR ATTENTION TO THE ITEM, AND OTHERS." WE DO NOT PUT RESTRICTIONS ON WHAT WE FUND. WE ALLOW ANY INSTRUMENT THAT CAN BE JUSTIFIED BY THE NEED OF A GROUP OF NIH FUNDED INVESTIGATORS. SO AS THAT GOES ON A NEW TECHNOLOGY TO MARKET, THE LIST OF AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES EVOLVES. THE PROGRAM PRECEDES THE CREATION BY ABOUT 30 YEARS, THE SLIDE SHOWS ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE PROGRAM WHEN IT WAS MANAGED BY -- EVERY YEAR WE FUND ABOUT 100 TO 110 APPLICATIONS FOR A BUDGET OF ABOUT 65 TO $70 MILLION. THE IMPACT OF THE PROGRAM CAN BE MEASURED IN VARIOUS WAYS. FOR EXAMPLE, BY THE NUMBER OF INSTITUTIONS WHICH HOLDS -- FUNDED INSTRUMENTS IN STATES ACROSS THE NATION. WE CAN MEASURE THE IMPACT OF THE PROGRAM BY THE TYPE OF THE TECHNOLOGIES AND THE BREADTH OF THE TECHNOLOGIES WHICH ARE MADE AVAILABLE THROUGH THE PROGRAM TO INVESTIGATORS. WE TRULY SUPPORT THROUGH THE S10 PROGRAM RESEARCH FUNDED BY -- ACROSS THE ENTIRE NIH. WE KNOW THERE ARE THOUSANDS OF INVESTIGATORS WHO RELY ON S10 FUNDED INSTRUMENTS IN THEIR WORK, AND WE HAVE DOCUMENTATION OF HIGH PROFILE PUBLICATIONS WHICH BENEFITED FROM THE USE OF THESE INSTRUMENTS. I'LL STOP HERE IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS, I'D BE ABLE TO ANSWER THEM. WE'LL FIRST GO TO OUR DISCUSSANTS AND THEN GO TO OUR DISCUSSION. >> THAT WAS A GREAT SUMMARY OF THE PROGRAM. THIS PROGRAM CLEARLY IS PROVIDING STATE OF THE ART EQUIPMENT ACROSS A BROAD VARIETY OF FIELDS ON A SHARED BASIS, AND I THINK THAT'S THE PART OF THE WHOLE CONCEPT THAT I THINK IS THE STRONGEST. IT REALLY IS A SEED FOR COLLABORATION THAT IS REALLY IMPORTANT IN OUR SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY. IT'S FUNDED SOLELY BY ORIP AND AS MENTIONED IT'S AN INCREDIBLY ROBUST PROGRAM. I THINK IN THE MATERIALS PROVIDED, I SAW A FIGURE THAT IT SUPPORTS ANNUALLY TYPICAL PROGRAMS OR APPLICATIONS SUPPORT 15 INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH GRANTS AND OVER EACH YEAR, ABOUT 1500 INDIVIDUAL INVESTIGATORS' WORK IS SUPPORTED THROUGH THESE GRANTS AND ACCESS TO THE SUCCESSFULLY AWARDED GRANTS, SO IT REALLY HAS A BROAD REACH. CITATION RATIOS ARE INDEXED FOR THESE PUBLICATIONS THAT COME OUT OF THIS PROGRAM ARE REALLY HIGH RELATIVE TO TOTAL NIH. SO I WOULD AGREE WITH PROGRAM STAFF THAT THIS IS A CRITICAL PROGRAM THAT DESERVES CONTINUED SUPPORT. >> I'D LIKE TO SUPPORT THE PREVIOUS COMMENTS. IT CLEARLY IS ACHIEVING ITS GOALS FROM PREVIOUS FOAs OF BRIEFS YEARS' AWAR KEYS, THE TYPES OF INSTRUMENTS AND TYPES OF -- THE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION SHOWS THERE HAVE BEEN EFFORTS TO REALLY GO TO THE UNDERFUNDED STATES WHICH I THINK WAS A NOVEL KIND OF ADDITION OVER THE LAST YEAR OR TWO TO GO TO STATES THAT HAVE BEEN UNDERFUNDED BY NIH IN GENERAL. AND I GUESS THAT'S THE ONLY COMMENT AND QUESTION I HAD FOR THE GROUP WAS, WHERE IS THE RIGHT BALANCE HERE? BECAUSE OF PART OF THE FUNDING REQUIREMENT IS IT NEEDS TO BE SUPPORTING AT LEAST THREE PIs, AND IF YOU GET THE RIGHT -- YOU'D SAY I'VE GOT SEVEN, EIGHT, NINE PEOPLE USING THIS. I GUESS THE QUESTION IS ARE WE TRYING TO HELP THE RICH GET RICHER? ISN'T THERE RESOURCES AND FACILITY SESSIONS SUPPOSED TO SAY WE HAVE SOME OF THIS STUFF ALREADY AND THE DIRECT COSTS ARE SUPPOSED TO BE DRIVING SOME OF THESE INVESTMENTS BY THE ORGANIZATION, OR SHOULD WE BE FOCUSING A LITTLE BIT MORE ON HERE ARE THE CENTERS THAT GOT TWO OR THREE GRANTS, WOULD BE USING IT, AND HERE'S THE GRANTS WE COULDN'T GET BECAUSE WE DIDN'T HAVE ENOUGH CAPACITY OR WE COULDN'T DO THIS? THAT'S I THINK A REAL QUESTION FOR THIS GROUP TO ASK IS, WHERE IS THE RIGHT BALANCE OF AWARDING THOSE WHO HAVE BEEN AWARDED ALREADY TO DO WHAT THEY SAID THEY WERE GOING TO DO WITH INSTRUMENTS THEY SAID THEY PROBABLY ALREADY HAD, VERSUS HOW MUCH WE WISH TO BE PUTTING TO THOSE UNDERFUNDED ORGANIZATIONS. AND WHAT I'M SEEING WILL PROBABLY DECREASE OUR INSTITUTION'S LIKELIHOOD OF GETTING ONE OF THESE BY REALLY NEED TO THINK ABOUT WHAT ARE THE GOALS AND THAT'S THE BACKGROUND I WOULD REALLY APPRECIATE IN THIS AREA. >> A COUPLE OF YEARS AGO WE STARTED COLLABORATION WITH AN NIGMS LAB, THE IDEA PROGRAM. FIRST WE REALIZED THAT M APPLICATIONS WHICH WHICH COME FROM INSTITUTIONS IN THE -- STAITLE ARE COMPETITIVE BUT WE DO NOT RECEIVE MANY APPLICATION, WE DO NOT RECEIVE SUFFICIENT NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS FROM INSTITUTIONS IN THOSE STATES. SO ONE PART OF THE PROGRAM IS A BIGGER OUTREACH TO CALL IT ADVERTISE THESE OPPORTUNITIES. AND IN A COUPLE OF YEARS OF THESE COLLABORATIONINGS, WE SEE THE EFFECTS. SO THIS IS ONE THING. AS THE REVIEW CRITERIA COMES, THERE IS NO REQUIREMENT FOR 10, 15 NIH PROJECTS. AS THE PROGRAM IS STRUCTURED, ANY INSTRUMENT MUST BE USED ON A SHARED BASIS AND WE DEFINE THREE NIH FUNDED PROJECTS WHICH ARE NEEDED, THREE NIH FUNDED PROJECTS TO THREE DIFFERENT INDIVIDUALS, PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS NEED TO JUSTIFY THE NEED OF AN INSTRUMENT. I CAN UNDERSTAND YOUR COMMENT THAT IN SOME WAYS, WE'RE REACTIVE. WE COULD BE MORE PROACTIVE IN PROVIDING AN INSTRUMENT AND GENERATING RESEARCH SUPPORT. >> I WANT TO APPLAUD THE CONCEPT OF FUNDING INFRASTRUCTURE, I THINK THAT'S SOMETHING THAT WE HISTORICALLY HAVEN'T DONE AS WELL, SO THIS IS ACTUALLY A GREAT EXAMPLE OF DOING THE RIGHT TING BECAUSE WE'RE CATALYZING SCIENCE, THOSE THREE GRANTS THAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN THE MINIMUM OF THREE ARE PROBABLY THE ONES THAT WE ALREADY KNOW OF, THERE'S OTHER UNFUNDED INVESTIGATORS WHO PROBABLY WIND UP GETTING TO USE THESE, WHAT WAS THE INTENTION WHEN YOU STARTED THIS OUT AND ARE WE MEETING THIS INTENTION WHICH IS WAS IT MEANT TO ENSURE THE SUCCESS OF FUNDED NIH GRANTS, OR WAS TO CATALYZE SCIENCE THAT POTENTIALLY WAS AN AS HIGH QUALITY AS POSSIBLE. BECAUSE THERE MIGHT BE A SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT SET OF CRITERIA THAT STUDY SECTIONS SHOULD BE LOOKING AT IS MY ONLY CONCERN. >> SO WE HAVE TO GO BACK TO 1982 WHEN THE PROGRAM WAS CREATED. AND OF COURSE THE PROGRAM HAS EVOLVED. THE ISSUE, ONE OF THE ISSUES WHICH CREATED THE PROGRAM IS THAT TECHNOLOGY IS BECOMING MORE EXPENSIVE, AND INDIVIDUAL INVESTIGATORS CANNOT AFFORD, SO NOW THE PROGRAM SUPPORTS WORK OF NIH RESEARCH FUNDED BY NIH ICs AND THE WORK DONE BY NIH FUNDED INVESTIGATORS. SO THIS PROGRAM GOES HAND IN HAND WITH RESEARCH INITIATIVES, RESEARCH FUNDED ACROSS THE NIH. >> I AGREE, THIS PREDATES MOST OF US BUT THAT DOESN'T MEAN THAT I CAN'T HAVE AN OPINION. YOU KNOW, MOST R01 INVESTGATORS CAN'T AFFORD 1 MILLION OR $2 MILLION GRANT, SO THAT'S THE ANSWER TO YOUR LAST QUESTION. AND THEN I WAS GOING TO ADD SOMETHING TO YOUR PREVIOUS COMMENT. SO HOW DO WE KNOW WE ARE NOT JUST ADDING YET ONE ANOTHER UPDATED NEW INSTRUMENT TO THIS INSTITUTION THAT'S ALREADY REALLY WELL FUNDED AND THE INVESTIGATORS ARE WELL FUNDED. SO TO THAT QUESTION, I'M GOING TO GIVE YOU THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLE. SEVERAL COUNCIL ROUNDS BACK ACTUALLY A COUPLE YEARS BACK, WE HAD AN APPLICATION THAT WE BROUGHT TO YOUR ATTENTION DURING THE CLOSED SESSION BECAUSE WE FELT IT WAS NOT -- WE ASK YOU FOR YOUR CONCURRENCE TO TAKE AN ACTION ON THAT GRANT THAT HAD ACTUALLY A GOOD SCORE. I'M NOT GOING TO GO INTO MORE DETAIL BUT YOU KNOW WHAT I'M TRYING TO SAY. SO WE DO PROGRAMMATICALLY LOOK VERY CAREFULLY AND MAKE DECISIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS USING ALL MEANS THAT WE HAVE AVAILABLE, ONE OF WHICH IS YOU ALL HELPING US TO MANAGE. >> AND THE NUMBER OF GRANTS WHICH USE OR WOULD RELY ON AN INSTRUMENT IS NOT A REVIEWED CRITERIA. SO REVIEWERS TAKE INTO ACCOUNT DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENTS OF THE LOCAL INSTITUTION WHERE THE INSTRUMENTS ARE PLACED, AND WE SEE THE ENTIRE SPECTRUM OF ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE ENTIRE SPECTRUM OF TECHNOLOGIES. >> CAN I JUST ASK ABOUT THE COLLABORATION WITH NIGMS AND THE IDEA STATES, DOES THAT ALSO STILL REQUIRE THE THREE R01-LEVEL INVESTIGATORS IN ORDER TO APPLY FOR AN S10? >> YES. >> YOU KNOW, SO ONE NOTION JUST TO CONSIDER IS WHETHER IN THAT PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCE, THAT REQUIREMENT COULD BE RELAXED A LITTLE. YOU KNOW, BECAUSE I THINK THAT THAT MIGHT BE WHY YOU GET FEW APPLICATIONS, IS THAT IN MANY OF THOSE INSTITUTIONS, THERE AREN'T NECESSARILY THREE INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE AROUND AN AREA WHERE A PIECE OF EQUIPMENT WOULD BE USEFUL. THERE MIGHT BE TWO OR THERE MIGHT BE A POTENTIAL. >> DEFINITELY WE CAN TALK WITH THE IDEA PROGRAM, BUT ONE ASPECT OF NOT RECEIVING ENOUGH APPLICATIONS, WHAT WE'VE SEEN IN DATA IS THAT APPLICANTS WHO ARE NOT SUCCESSFUL THE FIRST TIME, THEY DID NOT COME BACK WITH RESUBMISSIONS, AND WE'RE WORKING TO REMEDY THIS, THAT IF THE APPLICATION SUBMITTED FIRST TIME HAS SOME ISSUES WHICH CAN BE FIXED, WE TRY TO ENCOURAGE RESUBMISSIONS. >> ONE OF THE THINGS THAT HAS BEEN BROUGHT UP, I THINK THIS CAME UP DURING STRATEGIC PLAN FOR ORIP, IS WHEN YOU SAY HIGH END, IT'S LIMITED TO $2 MILLION, THE INSTRUMENTS TODAY START AT THAT AND THEN YOU HAVE TO ADD ON TO THAT. SO WHAT IS HIGH END, AND ARE THE BUDGETS EVER GOING TO BE >> SO THIS QUESTION WAS RAISED TO OUR CALL IT ADVISORY PANEL DURING THE STRATEGIC PLAN DEVELOPMENT, AND THE PANEL SAID NO, LET'S KEEP IT FOR NOW AT THE $2 MILLION LEVEL. THEY HAD THE RATIONALE FOR ADVISING US TO DO SO. I BELIEVE THAT ONE REASON IS THAT SOME OF THE INSTRUMENTS WHICH HAVE A PRICETAG OF ABOUT $2 MILLION REQUIRE SIGNIFICANT INSTITUTIONAL COMMITMENT TOWARDS SUPPORTING THESE RESEARCH PROGRAMS. THIS LIMITS THE NUMBER OF INSTITUTIONS WHICH COULD APPLY. >> WE ADDRESSED THE COST IN DIFFERENT APPROACHES. FOR FOR EXAMPLE THERE'S A COMMON FUND PROGRAM TRYING TO RESTRUCTURE I THE WAY THEY DO BIOLOGY FOR ESTABLISHING CENTERS FOR REGIONAL CRYO-EM. IT'S WILLING FOR TRAINING, METHODS, IT'S TO CHANGE THE WAY WE DO STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY. SO DIFFERENT COST RANGE, DIFFERENT WAYS. >> AND FOLLOWING ON THIS EXAMPLE, IT IS NOT ENOUGH TO HAVE A FEW CENTERS THAT SUPPORT TRULY TOP OF THE LINE TECHNOLOGY FOR CRYO-EM, TO GENERATE A COMMUNITY WHO WOULD BE USING THIS TRULY TOP OF THE LINE, WE SUPPORT CRYO-EM INSTRUMENTS WHICH ARE PLACED AT INSTITUTIONS ACROSS THE NATION WHICH SERVE TO RUN PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTS BEFORE SUCH EXPERIMENTS CAN BE TRANSLATED TO OTHER INSTRUMENTS. SO THE PROGRAM HAS VALUE FOR DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES AND FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF EFFORTS. THE QUESTION ABOUT THE PRICETAG IS A VALID QUESTION. >> DO FOLKS FEEL COMFORTABLE READY TO VOTE? COULD I HEAR A MOTION FOR APPROVAL OF THIS CONCEPT? SECOND? DISCUSSION? ALL IN FAVOR? OPPOSED? ABSTENTIONS? AND ON THE PHONE, PATTI AND PAUL? >> APPROVE. >> PATTI? >> SUPPORT, APPROVE. >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. SO THIS CONCEPT IS APPROVED AND WE'RE GOING TO QUICKLY MOVE ON TO THE THIRD, COMPARATIVE MEDICINE, FUNDING UNDER THE RESOURCE CENTERS, FUNDING OPPORTUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT, AND STEPHANIE WILL TAKE US THROUGH IT AND TERRY AND PAUL ARE DISCUSSANTS. >> SO I WOULD LIKE TO PREEFLY INTRODUCE FOR CONCEPT CLEARANCE THE REISSUE OF THE ANIMAL MODELS AND ANIMAL AND BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS CENTER AND RESOURCE PROGRAMS. THE OBJECTIVE OF THESE PROGRAMS IS TO SUPPORT SPECIAL COLONIES OF LABORATORY ANIMALS, ANIMAL-RELATED MODELS, AND OTHER RESOURCES SUCH AS INFORMATIC TOOLS, REAGENTS, CULTURES OF CELLS, TISSUES AND ORGANS AND GENETIC STOCKS THAT SERVE THE BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH COMMUNITY IN A VARIETY OF RESEARCH AREAS ON A NATIONAL BASIS. THE FUNDS AVAILABLE AND THE ANTICIPATED NUMBER OF AWARDS FOR THESE PROGRAMS ARE CONTINGENT UPON NIH APPROPRIATIONS AND THE SUBMISSION OF MERITORIOUS APPLICATIONINGS. APPLICATIONS. THE AWARD PROJECT PERIOD IS FOR FOUR TO FIVE YEARS AND THE ACTION FOR CONSIDERATION BY COUNCIL TODAY IS A VOTE FOR CONTINUED SUPPORT OF THE ANIMAL MODELS AND ANIMAL AND BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS CENTER AND RESOURCE PROGRAMS. THE THIS NEXT SLIDE LISTS EXAMPLES OF 16 FERS SUPPORTED THROUGH THE ANIMAL MODELS AND ANIMAL AND BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS CENTERS AND RESOURCE PROGRAMS RELATED TO BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS AND OTHER RESEARCH SUPPORT NEEDS, AN EXAMPLE BEING THE NATIONAL NATURAL TOXINS RESEARCH CENTER. RELATIVE TO PRIMATES, AP EXAMPLE ARE THE CARIBBEAN PRIMATE RESEARCH CENTER. RODENTS, FOR EXAMPLE, RAT RESOURCE AND RESEARCH CENTER. AMPHIBIANS, THE NATIONAL XENOPUS RESOURCE CENTER, FISH, THE ZEBRAFISH INTERNATIONAL RESOURCE CENTER AND INVERTEBRATE, AN EXAMPLES BEING THE BLOOMINGTON DROSOPHILA STOCK CENTER. THROUGH THE ANIMAL MODELS AND ANIMAL AND BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS CENTERS AND RESOURCE PROGRAM, ORIP ALSO SUPPORTS PILOT CENTERS FOR PRECISION DISEASE MODELING AT THE JACKSON LABORATORY, MOUNT MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL, AND THE MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER. THESE ARE SPECIALIZED CENTERS THAT SUPPORT COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH THAT LINK CURRENT PERSONALIZED MEDICINE EFFORTS IN HUMAN SUBJECTS WITH ADVANCES IN ANIMAL GENOMICS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR GENETIC MANIPULATION AND CREATION OF INTERSPECIES SOMATIC HYBRIDS. OTHER RESOURCES SUPPORTED THROUGH THE ANIMAL MODELS AND ANIMAL AND BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS CENTER AND RESOURCE PROGRAMS INCLUDE THE NATIONAL SWINE RESOURCE AND RESEARCH CENTER, THE SPECIFIC PATHOGEN-FREE MACAQUE BREEDING COLONIES, AND THE HUMAN TISSUE AND ORGAN RESEARCH RESOURCE. THE CONCEPT CLEARANCE FOR YOUR CONSIDERATION IS WHETHER TO CONTINUE SUPPORT FOR THE ANIMAL MODEL AND ANIMAL AND BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS CENTER AND RESOURCE PROGRAMS. >> WE HAVE TWO DISCUSSANTS AND I THINK WE'RE STARTING WITH TERRY. >> OKAY, THANK YOU. I THINK THIS PROGRAM IS ABSOLUTELY CRITICAL AND VERY IMPORTANT. WHEN I THINK BACK IN THE 2000s, MID 2000s, WE WERE ALL DOING EXPERIMENTS ON SINGLE GENES, MUTANTS AND UNDERSTANDING FUNCTION AND AS YOU HEARD THIS MORNING, WE'RE GOING TO HEAR THIS AFTERNOON, WE ARE LITERALLY IN A DATA REVOLUTION WITH ALL KINDS OF DATASETS THAT ARE BEING GENERATED, TRYING TO FIGURE OUT HOW THEY INTERACT AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, AND TO ME, A GOOD EXAMPLE, A VERY SIMPLE EXAMPLE IS THE CANCER GENOME ATLAS DATA, INCREDIBLE TREASURE TROVE OF INFORMATION THAT ONE CAN MINE, AND CORRELATE CERTAIN MUTATIONS WITH CERTAIN TUMORS AND ALSO LOOK AT CO-INCURRING MUTATIONS BUT IT'S ALL OBSERVATIONAL. THERE HAVE BEEN MANY EXAMPLES NOW OF BRINGING THESE COMBINATION OF MUTATIONS BACK INTO ANIMAL SYSTEMS AND CELL SYSTEMS TO REALLY VALIDATE FUNCTIONAL OUTPUT IN PHENOTYPE. AND WE HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY TO DO IT, AND IN MY OWN FIELD, I FEEL LIKE THIS HAS BEEN A REBIRTH IN DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLOGY AND DISEASE BIOLOGY. AND IF THIS IS NOT FUNDED, I THINK WE PUT A BIG ROADBLOCK UP INTO VALIDATION AND UNDERSTANDING FUNCTION. >> THANK YOU, TERRY. PAUL, YOU HAVE COMMENTS? >> JUST VERY BRIEFLY, AS TERRY NOTED, I AM STRONGLY SUPPORTIVE OF THIS PROGRAM. IT'S A CRITICAL PROGRAM THAT PROVIDES A BROAD ARRAY OF ANIMAL MODELS AND BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS THAT JUST WOULD NOT BE AVAILABLE IF THEY WERE NOT SUPPORTED BY ORIP. IT'S CLEARLY ALIGNED WITH THE ORIP STRATEGIC PLAN. STEPHANIE HAS PROVIDED VERY CLEAR, COHERENT JUSTIFICATION FOR IT AND PAST PROGRESS SO I'M STRONGLY SUPPORTIVE OF RENEWAL. I JUST HAVE TWO SORT OF COMMENTS FOR CONSIDERATION. ONE IS THERE'S BEEN A LOT OF DISCUSSION OF THE IMPORTANCE OF OBTAINING METRICS TO BETTER DEFINE THE SUCCESS OF THESE PROGRAMS. THE METRICS THAT WERE PROVIDED THAT STEPHANIE REFERRED TO AND THAT WERE PROVIDED IN THE BACKGROUND INFORMATION, IF I UNDERSTAND THEM RIGHT, STEPHANIE SUGGESTED THERE WERE 288 GRANTEE PUBLICATIONS. YOU KNOW, I SUSPECT THAT THE TOTAL PORTFOLIO OF PUBLICATIONS THAT ARE SUPPORTED BY THESE GRANTS EXCEEDS THAT NUMBER BY 10 TO 100 FOLD. SO I WOULD ENCOURAGE YOU ALL TO CONTINUE TO WORK ON GETTING METRICS TO DEFINE THE ENTIRE RANGE OF SCIENCE THAT IS SUPPORTED BY THESE RESOURCES. THE SECOND ISSUE IS JUST YOUR PRESENTATION BRIEFLY ALLUDED TO THIS BUT I THINK IT COULD BE FURTHER EMPHASIZED, THESE ARE GREAT PROGRAMS AND, IN FACT, PROBABLY ARGUE BLY ESSENTIAL ARGUABLY ESSE NTIAL PROGRAMS TO ENHANCE THE RIGOR -- RESULTING RESOURCES, THE SUBSEQUENT PRESENTATION FOR THE MUTANT MOUSE RESOURCE MORE EXPLICITLY REFERENCED RIGOR AND REPRODUCIBILITY. IT'S A CRITICAL ISSUE IN SCIENCE THESE DAYS AND FOR VERY APPROPRIATE REASONS. SO I WOULD ENCOURAGE GREATER EXPLICIT EMPHASIS ON RIGOR AND REPRODUCIBILITY IN THESE PROGRAM ANNOUNCEMENTS. AND IN IMPLEMENTING THE CONCEPT. >> THAT'S A GOOD POINT ABOUT THE RIGOR AND REPRODUCIBILITY. WE ACTUALLY HAVE A MEET EVERY TWO YEARS OF ALL OF THE RESOURCE CENTER DIRECTORS, AND A COMMON TOPIC THAT WE HAVE BROUGHT TO THE TABLE FOR THE PAST THREE MEETINGS HAS BEEN RIGOR' REPRODUCIBILITY AND HOW THEY APPLY TO CENTERS SUCH AS WE OVERSEE AND WE'VE HAD MANY GOOD DISCUSSIONS. SEVERAL OF OUR RESOURCES HAVE ACTUALLY TAKEN INITIATIVES TO PROVIDE MORE DETAILED INFORMATION AND TO IN SOME EFFECTS GIVE A QUALITY ASSURANCE STATEMENT OR A DESCRIPTION ON SOME OF THE THINGS THAT THEY'RE DISTRIBUTING, MMRCs BEING ONE EXAMPLE. >> IT'S A VERY COMPLICATED TOPIC WHEN ONE CONSIDERS DIFFERENT ANIMAL FACILITIES, DIFFERENT REAGENTS, [INAUDIBLE] SYSTEMS, DIET, ALL KINDS OF THINGS THAT FEED INTO WHAT THE FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME -- >> BOTH DIVISIONS HAVE RECOGNIZED THAT EXTERNAL EXTRINSIC FACTORS ARE IMPORTANT IN DEFINING RIGOR AND REPRODUCIBILITY FOR MANY OF THESE ANIMAL MODELS, AND THE TWO DIVISIONS TOGETHER HAVE FACILITATED DISCUSSIONS IN THIS AREA AS WELL AS SUPPORTED WORKSHOPS TO LOOK AT THESE TYPES OF FACTORS AS PART OF THE LARGER DISCUSSION ON RIGOR AND REPRODUCIBILITY RELATIVE TO OUR RESOURCES. >> LET'S OPEN THIS UP FOR DISCUSSION AND QUESTIONS FROM THE WHOLE COUNCIL. >> ALONG THOSE LINES, PROGRAMS LIKE NCI WHICH HAS INVESTED IN A COMPARATIVE ONCOLOGY PROGRAM, YOU KNOW, HAVE LOOKED AT NATURAL ANIMAL MODELS OF DISEASE LIKE DOGS AND CANCER, THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE HAD A WORKSHOP ON THIS IN WHICH IT EXAMINED THAT AS A WAY TO APPROACH IT IN A DIFFERENT MANNER WHICH IS TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE POPULATIONS THAT WE SHARE OUR ENVIRONMENT, HAVE THE SAME DISEASES WE DO, AND WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM THEM. IS THERE CONVERSATIONS BETWEEN ORIP AND LIKE NCI COMPARATIVE ONCOLOGY, DO YOU DISCUSS THAT BACK AND FORTH AMONG THESE KIND OF PROGRAMS? >> THERE HAVE BEEN SOME DISCUSSIONS AMONG PROGRAM STAFF REGARDING THAT, BUT THE CHALLENGE FOR ORIP IS OUR MISSION IS TRANS-NIH, SO THE MAJORITY -- ALL OF THESE CENTERS, IT'S WRITTEN IN ALL THE FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES, HAVE TO BE OF PRIMARY INTEREST TO TWO OR MORE INSTITUTES OR CENTERS. SO WHEN YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT NATURALLY OCCURRING DISEASE MODELS, THAT GETS VERY SPECIFIC, BUT WE HAVE HAD SOME DISCUSSIONS WITH OUR COLLEAGUES IN OTHER INSTITUTES AND CENTERS, BUT THEIR FOCUS IS ON A SPECIFIC DISEASE THAT'S RELEVANT TO THEIR MISSION. >> THAT'S A VERY IMPORTANT THING TO PETE, ORIP'S MISSION IS TO SUPPORT THE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ALL OF THE NIH, NOT FOR A PARTICULAR DISEASE OR PARTICULAR INSTITUTE. THAT'S WHY THEY BRING THESE VERY GENERIC THINGS TO YOU, BECAUSE NO ONE ELSE WILL FUND THEM, BUT THEY HAVE TO GET FUNDED. >> I THINK WHAT YOU'RE -- IT'S VERY ORGANIC. THE CANCER CENTER, THE VET SCHOOL, WORKING WITH DOG MODELS IS A BIG DEAL, AND YOU'VE GOT MICROBIOME, ALL KINDS OF THINGS, BEHAVIORAL STUDIES. IT'S ALL HAPPENING ACROSS THE BOARD. BUT NOT BY ORIP. >> OTHER QUESTIONS, COMMENTS, PLEASE? >> I WONDER IF YOU COULD BRIEFLY DESCRIBE HOW THESE CENTERS ARE ORIGINALLY INITIATED. IS THIS ON A COMPETITIVE BASIS FOR THE NIH, RECOGNIZE THE NEED FOR ZEBRAFISH OR IS THIS INVESTIGATOR INITIATED? SECONDLY, ONCE YOU HAVE FUNDING FOR ONE OF THESE RESOURCES, WHAT DETERMINES WHETHER THAT FUNDING IS GOING TO CONTINUE ON INDEFINITELY? >> IN ANSWER TO YOUR FIRST QUESTION, A LOT OF THE INPUT COMES FROM THE COMMUNITY AS TO WHAT THE NEEDS ARE. WE OFTEN HAVE WORKSHOPS WHERE WE TALK TO DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES AND THEY EXPRESS WHAT THEY FEEL THE NEEDS ARE IN THEIR RESPECTIVE COMMUNITIES AND MANY OF THEM WILL GO AHEAD AND RESPOND TO OUR FUNDING OPPORTUNITY ANNOUNCEMENTS. AND THEN AT THE LEVEL OF PEER REVIEW AND THE LEVEL OF COUNCIL REVIEW, AGAIN, THERE ARE THOSE DISCUSSIONS ABOUT IS THIS A RELEVANT NEED, IS THIS A BROAD BASED NEED, WILL THIS APPLICATION SUFFICIENTLY ADDRESS THIS NEED. IN TERMS OF RENEWALS, WE HAVE MANY DISCUSSIONS WITHIN OUR PROGRAM, WE'VE BEEN TALKING ABOUT PROGRAM EVALUATIONS, WE STARTED WITH SOME OTHER PROGRAMS AND WE'RE MOVING TOWARDS OUR ANIMAL MODELS PROGRAMS. BUT AGAIN THE OPPORTUNITIES TO EVALUATE OR RE-EVALUATE THE NEEDS OF THESE CENTERS AND IF THEY ARE MOVING IN THE APPROPRIATE DIRECTION CAN COME AT THE LEVEL OF REVIEW, BOTH LEVELS OF REVIEW, PEER REVIEW AND HERE IN COUNCIL, AND THERE HAVE BEEN TIMES WHERE WE HAVE BROUGHT TO THIS COUNCIL RECOMMENDATIONS THAT PERHAPS THE TIME HAS COME FOR THIS PARTICULAR RESOURCE TO SUNSET OR THE TIME HAS COME TO HIGHLIGHT A RESOURCE THAT PERHAPS DID NOT DO AS WELL IN PEER REVIEW BUT IT ADDRESSES A CRITICAL NEED. SO THERE ARE THOSE OPPORTUNITIES TO HAVE THOSE DISCUSSIONS. >> I THINK THIS IS EXTREMELY HELPFUL. YOU KNOW, FOR THE INFORMATION, I'M JUST WONDERING, MANY OF US LEARN OPPORTUNITY FROM HERE, LIKE FOR MUTANT MOUSE, THIS IS PROBABLY MORE POPULAR, PEOPLE KNOW ABOUT THE MUTANT MICE PROGRAM, BUT FOR THE -- I'M WONDERING IF THERE'S ANY WAY FOR US TO FURTHER PUBLICIZE THE AVAILABLE -- CENTER FOR THE ENTIRE NIH. LIKE I USED TO LEARN MORE FROM RAP TALK OPEN MIC, SO USUALLY WHEN WE RECEIVE THAT, PRETTY MUCH THAT'S NIH-WIDE, SO I'M JUST WONDERING TO FURTHER PROMOTE INCREASE -- STUDYING THE IMPACT OF THESE PROGRAMS, WHETHER THERE'S ANY WAY TO FURTHER PUBLICIZE THIS INFORMATION. >> WE HAVE DEVELOPED A SERIES OF FACT SHEETS THAT WE ARE DISTRIBUTING AND CAN MAKE AVAILABLE TO COUNCILMEMBERS, WE ALSO USE IT AS OUTREACH BOTH WITHIN NIH AND OUTSIDE OF NIH. ONE OF THE SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES RECENTLY PUT TOGETHER RESOURCES AND WE WERE PLEASED TO SEE A NUMBER OF ORIP-SUPPORTED RESOURCES ON THAT LIST. AND FOR OUR STRATEGIC PLANNING, WE'VE BEEN TALKING ABOUT OUTREACH AS ONE OF OUR NEW AND EMERGING THEMES FOR OUR FUTURE DIRECTIONS. >> THE ALL-OF-US PROGRAM IS REALLY FOCUSED ON BIOBANKS AND HUMAN TISSUES, AND YOU LOOK ACROSS PRECISION MEDICINE PROGRAMS, RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES, BIOBANKS ARE A BIG TICKET -- THEY'RE VERY, VERY EXPENSIVE. >> ARE PEOPLE READY TO VOTE OR IS THERE ANY MORE DISCUSSION? DO I HEAR A MOTION TO APPROVE THIS CONCEPT? SECOND? ALL IN FAVOR SAY AYE. >> AYE. >> OPPOSED, NAY? >> AYE. >> ANY ABSTENTIONS? AND PAUL, I DIDN'T THINK -- WE CAUGHT PATTI BUT NOT PAUL. >> AYE. >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. SO THIS CONCEPT IS APPROVED UNANIMOUSLY. THANK YOU. AND WE WILL GO ON TO THE FINAL CONCEPT CLEARANCE FOR THIS MORNING, WHICH IS A REISSUANCE OF A 20-YEAR-OLD FUNDING OPPORTUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT FOR THE PROGRAM SUPPORTING ORIP'S DIVISION OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE AND THE PROGRAM IS THE MUTANT MOUSE RESEARCH AND RESOURCE CENTERS CONSORTIUM. THIS IS A LIMITED COMPETITION. TERRY IS A MEMBER OF THE CONSORTIUM BUT HE MAY REMAIN BUT NOT VOTE. >> SO AGAIN FOR THE LAST CONCEPT CLEARANCE FOR THE MORNING, I'D LIKE TO BRIEFLY INTRODUCE FOR CONCEPT CLEARANCE THE REISSUE OF A LIMITED COMPETITION FOR THE MUTANT MOUSE RESOURCE AND RESEARCH CENTERS OR MMRRCs AND THE INFORMATICS COORDINATION AND SERVICE CENTER, ICSC, FOR THE MMRRCs. THE OBJECTIVE OF THESE PROGRAMS IS TO SUPPORT THE CONTINUED ACQUISITION, DISTRIBUTION AND CRYOPRESERVATION OF SCIENTIFICALLY VALUABLE GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MOUSE STRAINS AND MOUSE EMBRYONIC STEM CELL LINES INCLUDING THE MAINTENANCE OF THE ASSOCIATED ICSC. THE FUNDS AVAILABLE AND THE ANTICIPATED NUMBER OF AWARDS ARE UP TO FOUR MMRRCs AND 1ICSC CONTINGENT UPON NIH APPROPRIATIONS. THE AWARD PROJECT PERIOD IS FOR FIVE YEARS, AND THE COUNCIL ACTION FOR CONSIDERATION IS A VOTE FOR CONTINUED SUPPORT FOR THE MMRRCs AND THE ICSC FOR THE MMRRCs. THE MMRRC CONSORTIUM CONSISTS OF FOUR CENTERS LOCATED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL, UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI COLUMBIA, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS AND THE JACKSON LABORATORY. AN INFORMATICS COORDINATION AND SERVICE CENTER IS LOCATED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS, AND THIS CENTER PROVIDES INFORMATION AND -- INFORMATICS AND COORDINATING SERVICES TO SUPPORT THE FUNCTION AND ACTIVITIES OF THE MMRRC KUHN SORE SHUM. THIS NEXT SLIDE SUMMARIZES THE PROGRESS AND IMPACT TRACKED AND RECORDED BY THE INFORMATION AND SERVICE CENTER. THE COLLECTION CONSISTS OF APPROXIMATELY 45,000 UNIQUE MUTANT ALLELES THROUGH SUBMISSIONS THAT INCLUDE LIVE MICE, FROZEN GERM PLASM AND EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS. OVER THE PAST 11 YEARS, THE MMRRCs HAVE RECEIVED MORE THAN 12,000 REQUESTS FROM ABOUT 7500 UNIQUE INVESTIGATORS AND JUST UNDER 4,000 RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS. THE FIGURE IN THE LOWER LEFT-HAND CORNER SHOWS THE NUMBER OF CURATED SUBMISSIONS OF EITHER LIVE ANIMALS OR FROZEN SPERM BY YEAR BETWEEN 2011 WITH 41 SUBMISSIONS AND 2018 WITH 210 SUBMISSIONS. THE FIGURE IN THE UPPER RIGHT-HAND CORNER SHOWS THE NUMBER OF NIH-SUPPORTED GRANTS FROM 21 INSTITUTES, CENTERS AND OFFICES THAT USED RESOURCES OR SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE MMRRCs OVER THE PAST EIGHT YEARS. WHILE THE FIGURE IN THE LOWER RIGHT-HAND CORNER SHOWS THE INCREASING NUMBER OF USERS BY YEAR BETWEEN 2011 AND 2018, WITH NEW USERS REPRESENTED BY THE ORANGE BARS AND TOTAL USERS REPRESENTED BY THE BLUE BARS. THE CONCEPT CLEARANCE FOR YOUR CONSIDERATION IS WHETHER TO CONTINUE SUPPORT FOR THE MUTANT MOUSE RESEARCH CENTERS AN THE INFORMATICS COORDINATION SERVICE CENTER FOR THE MMRRCs. >> ALL RIGHT. WE HAVE TWO DISCUSSANTS. THE FIRST IS PAUL JOHNSON AND THEN KRISTIN ARDLIE, SO WE'LL START WITH PAUL ON THE LINE. >> THANK YOU, JIM. STEPHANIE HAS PROVIDED AN EXCELLENT OVERVIEW OF THIS PROGRAM. IT'S CLEARLY IN ITS 20 YEAR HISTORY BEEN VERY SUCCESSFUL BASED ON THE METRICS THAT STEPHANIE JUST, YOU KNOW, SUMMARIZED, VERY IMPRESSIVE ARRAY OF OVER 45,000 YOU A NEEK MUTANT ALLELES SERVING OVER 7,000 INVESTIGATORS, LOOKS LIKE A IMRANT PORTFOLIO OF GRANT PORTFOLIO OF OVER 1600 GRANTS, EVEN THOUGH IT'S A MATURE RESEARCH, THERE'S BEEN A STEADY INCREASE IN USERS. THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF A RESOURCE THAT CAN ONLY BE UNIQUELY PROVIDED BY NIH AND ORIP. IT'S CLEARLY ALIGNED WITH THE ORIP STRATEGIC PLAN AND THE CHARGE TO DEVELOP ANIMAL MODELS OF HUMAN DISEASES. SO OVERALL, I'M STRONGLY SUPPORTIVE OF REISSUANCE. A FEW COMMENTS FOR DISCUSSION OR CONSIDERATION. ONE IS, I KNOW WE'RE LIMITED IN TIME FOR THE PRESENTATION BUT IT WOULD BE HELPFUL TO HAVE A CLEARER IDEA OF HOW THE PROGRAM HAS EVOLVED IN THE LAST 20 YEARS AND HOW -- WHAT AT LEAST FROM PROGRAM'S PERSPECTIVE WHAT THE CHAL EMTION OF CHALLENGES OF THE NEXT FIVE YEARS SHOULD BE. THERE'S BEEN DRAMATIC CHANGE IN THIS AREA OVER A 20-YEAR PROGRAM, AGAIN. IT'S BEEN CLEARLY SUCCESSFUL BUT I WAS NOT ABLE TO FIND IN THE MATERIALS PROVIDED OR GOING TO THE WEBSITE TO GET A CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT THE CHARGE FOR THE NEXT FIVE YEARS SHOULD BE. AND I'D BE INTERESTED IN FURTHER DISCUSSION ABOUT THAT. ANOTHER QUESTION THAT I WOULD RAISE FOR DISCUSSION IS, AS I UNDERSTAND IT, THESE RESOURCES HAVE TO SOME EXTENT A DUAL CHARGE, ONE TO BE A PROVIDER OF VARIOUS RESOURCES IN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS OR SPERM, ET CETERA, FROM THESE MUTANT STRAINS SO THEY'RE A RESOURCE IN THAT SENSE, BUT TWO, I UNDERSTAND THAT THEY ALSO DO SERVICES IN TERMS OF IN VITRO FERTILIZATION, THE WEBSITE PROVIDES A FAIRLY FAIRLYDETAILED DETAILED LIST OF SERVICES THEY PROVIDE. QUESTION FOR DISCUSSION I WOULD BE INTERESTED IN, IS THERE SOME TENSION BETWEEN THOSE GOALS PARTICULARLY AS THE NUMBER OF MEU MUTANT STRAINS CONTINUE TO INCREASE, THEN DOES IT CONTINUE TO MAKE SENSE TO HAVE BOTH OF THOSE SERVICES SORT OF THE MUNDANE ASPECTS BUT THE IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF MAINTAINING THE RESOURCE COMBINED WITH THE MORE INNOVATIVE ASPECTS. AND AGAIN, I DON'T -- I'M INTERESTED IN DISCUSSION ON THAT POINT. AND FINALLY, YOU KNOW, WE'VE DISCUSSED METRICS A LOT. AGAIN, I THINK IT WOULD BE HELPFUL TO HAVE A BROADER ARRAY OF METRICS TO UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF THIS, BULL I THINK AT LEAST A PUBLICATION, YOU KNOW, SOME ACCOUNTING OF PUBLICATIONS THAT HAVE BEEN SUPPORTED BY THE MMRC AND PERHAPS SOME VIGNETTES SUPPORTING MATERIALS SO IT WOULDN'T HAVE TAKEN AWAY FROM STEPHANIE'S 3 MINUTES WOULD HAVE BEEN HELPFUL. SO AGAIN, I I AM STRONGLY SUPPORTIVE OF REISSUING THE CONCEPTS BUT JUST A FEW QUESTIONS THAT I WOULD APPRECIATE CLARIFICATION OR DISCUSSION. >> KRISTIN FIRST, PLEASE, AND THEN COME BACK. >> OKAY. I DON'T HAVE A LOT TO ADD, MY POINTS ARE THE SAME. WITHOUT A DOUBT, I SAY THIS RESOURCE IS DEFINITELY WORTH CONTINUING TO SUPPORT. MICE FILL THAT BEAUTIFUL SWEET SPOT OF BEING MAMMALIAN ENOUGH TO BE CLOSE TO US BUT DRE SOF LUS ENOUGH TO BE BREEDING FAST. OBVIOUSLY THERE ARE HUGE NUMBERS OF ADDITIONAL RESOURCES BEING GENERATED. KEY RESOURCE. I HAD A COUPLE OF POINTS I GUESS IT WAS THE SAME AS PAUL'S LAST UP WITH, NOTICING THIS SORT OF DUAL ROLE OF BEING A RESOURCE BUT PROVIDING SERVICES. BUT ON THE LAST SLIDE I NOTICED THE NUMBER OF USERS GOING UP, NEW USERS ARE SLOWING DOWN. OR NOT SLOWING DOWN BUT THERE'S NOT A HUGE NUMBER OF UPTICK OF NEW USERS. I ACTUALLY THINK THIS SERVICE CAPACITY IS A KEY THING THAT THESE CENTERS PERFORM. MAYBE AS PAUL SAID IT'S SOMETHING TO BE DONE SEPARATELY OR SOMEHOW BUT I THINK IT'S VERY KEY, AND I SAY THAT BECAUSE A COUPLE OF YEARS BACK, I WAS THINKING OF SOME LOGICAL EXTENSIONS TO RESEARCH I WAS INTERESTED IN AT THE BROAD AND WE DIDN'T HAVE A MOUSE CENTER, SO THE WHOLE IDEA OF DOING SOMETHING IN A MOUSE WAS A -- IDEA. WE DO IT NOW BUT I'M SURE THERE ARE A LOT OF CENTERS, WE'VE TALKED ABOUT THEM ACROSS THE COUNTRY WHERE THE ABILITY TO DO A LITTLE MOUSE WORK THROUGH ONE OF THESE CENTERS WOULD BE KEY AND WOULD REALLY EXPAND THE RESOURCE. I DID HAVE I GUESS A COUPLE OF OTHER COMMENTS AS I WAS LOOKING IN THESE WAS, I'M AWARE OF PEOPLE STILL PASSING MICE FROM DOOR TO DOOR OR FROM LAB TO LAB, AND I WASN'T AWARE OR I COULDN'T FIND WHERE NIH SUPPORTS THE CREATION OF MOUSE RESOURCES, DOES IT ALSO INSIST THAT YOU DEPOSIT ONE OF THESE MICE INTO ONE OF THESE RESOURCES AT THE END. I DO MOSTLY HUMAN RESEARCH BUT WHEN I CREATE HUMAN DATA, I'M REQUIRED IN MY GRANT TO SAY WHERE THAT WILL GO, WILL IT GO INTO DB GAP OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT. AND I DIDN'T KNOW IF THAT'S THE CASE AND IF PEOPLE DO IT OUT OF THE GOODNESS OF THEIR HEARTS, BECAUSE THEY WANT TO GET RID OF IT, OR IF IT'S ACTUALLY REQUIRED. AND THEN I WAS ACTUALLY -- I DID START AS A MOUSE RESEARCHER SO I THOUGHT I OUGHT TO BE ABLE TO GET A HANDLE OF THIS. I PLAYED AROUND WITH THE ICSC AS WELL AS THE JACKSON LAB SEARCH OCCURRED TO ME ONE OF THE THINGS IN EXPANDING USE AND USABILITY MIGHT BE TO GIVE A MORE GENERAL SUMMARY OF SOME OF THE RESOURCES AVAILABLE AND WHAT THEY ARE. I'M THINKING OF NEW STUDENTS AND NEW USERS COMING IN WHO MIGHT WANT TO USE RESOURCES. THE MOMENT I GOT TO THE SEARCH PAGES IN THE CATALOG I ACTUALLY FAILED QUITE DISMALLY BECAUSE YOU HAD TO REALLY GO BACK AND REMEMBER HOW YOUR MASS MUTANTS AND MUTATIONS ARE DESCRIBED TO SEARCH THESE EFFECTIVELY. SO CLEARLY MY MEMORY IS A LITTLE HAZY OF MY MOUSE DAYS, AND IT WASN'T EASY TO GET A MORE GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THOSE. ONE OTHER THING I DID NOTICE IN THE ICSC SEARCH CATALOG IS THAT A DECENT NUMBER OF THESE WERE RESTRICTED FOR NON-PROFIT USE ONLY AND I WONDERED WHY THAT'S THE CASE. ONCE YOU MAKE IT INTO ONE OF THESE RESOURCES, IT SEEMS TO ME THAT IT SHOULD BE -- THAT THE MOUSE SHOULD BE BROADLY AVAILABLE, PERHAPS THAT'S NOT THE CASE WHERE SOMEBODY IS DOING IT AND DEVELOPING IT IN THEIR LAB. BUT THE VALUE OF THESE, AS WE SAID, IS TO SORT OF REALLY IMPROVE REPRODUCIBILITY SO TO BE ABLE TO USE THESE IN A COMMERCIAL SETTING WHERE DRUGS ARE BEING TESTED WOULD BE VERY VALUABLE, SO I WAS A LITTLE CURIOUS AS TO WHY THERE WAS SO MANY OF THESE SUPPORTED THAT WERE RESTRICTED TO NON-PROFIT USE ONLY. BUT OTHER THAN THAT, THOSE ARE THE QUESTIONS THAT CAME UP TO ME THAT I SORT OF COULDN'T GET FROM READING THIS AND WOULD BE WORTHWHILE ADDRESSING GOING FORWARD, BUT I THINK IT'S A TREMENDOUS RESOURCE AND CLEARLY SHOULD BE SUPPORTED. >> I HEARD A NUMBER OF QUESTIONS BETWEEN THE TWO DISCUSSANTS SO HOPEFULLY I WILL REMEMBER THEM ALL. I'M NOT GOING TO NECESSARILY DO THEM IN THE ORDER THEY WERE GIVEN TO ME. REGARDING PRIORITIZATION OF RESOURCES, FOR ORIP SUPPORTIVE RESOURCES, WE DO HAVE A PRIORITIZATION, FIRST PRIORITY IS TO NIH SUPPORTED INVESTIGATORS. THEN TO FEDERALLY SUPPORTED INVESTIGATORS, THEN TO NOT FOR PROFIT AND THEN FOR FOR-PROFIT. SO THAT'S HOW WE OVERSEE THE DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES THROUGH THESE NATIONAL RESOURCES. REGARDING SOME OF THE METRICS THAT PAUL BROUGHT UP, ONE OF THE THINGS THAT THE INFORMATICS CENTER DOES DO IS IT DOES TRACK PUBLICATIONS. THAT'S DATA THAT'S ACCESSIBLE TO US, AND IN FUTURE REPORTS OR MATERIALS THAT WE PREPARE FOR CONCEPT CLEARANCES, WE WILL MAKE SURE TO INCLUDE THAT. REGARDING THE FUTURE OF THE MMRRCs, I'M GOING TO START THAT DISCUSSION AND THEN INVITE MY COLLEAGUE TO COME UP, THE PROGRAM OFFICER OF THAT PROGRAM. BUT ONE OF THE FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND CORRECT ME IF I'M WRONG, OLIC, THAT THE CENTERS ARE MOVING TOWARDS IS LOOKING AT GENE VARIANTS, HUMAN GENE VARIANTS. THAT'S SEEN AS THE EMERGING AREA AND NEED. SOME OF THE OTHER DIRECTIONS? >> [INAUDIBLE] [OFF MIC] >> SURE. TERRY WANTED TO MAKE SOME COMMENTS, JUST FULL DISCLOSURE, HE IS PART OF THE CONSORTIUM BUT ON THE OTHER HAND, THAT GIVES HIM SPECIAL INSIGHTS ABOUT IT. >> JUST A COUPLE POINTS THAT IN THE AREA OF RIGOR AND REPRODUCIBILITY, LOOKING AT THE FUTURE, WHAT WE HAVE DEVELOPED IS THE MOUSE UNIVERSAL GENOTYPING ARRAY, AND IT IS OF SUFFICIENT DEPTH THAT WE CAN TELL YOU EXACTLY WHAT GENETIC BACKGROUND YOU HAVE, HOW MUCH HOMOZYGOSITY, HETEROZYGOSITY, WHERE YOUR MUTANT IS, ARE THERE OTHER MARKERS IN THERE THAT YOU A STRAIN THAT'S DONATED, GENERALLY THAT THEY TELL US IS NOT TRUE. SO WE'RE ABLE TO SPECIFICALLY TELL YOU EXACTLY WHAT YOU HAVE. THEN IF THE STRAIN GOES OUT TO AN INVESTIGATOR AND THEY WORK WITH IT THREE, FOUR, FIVE YEARS, WE CAN THEN THEN RE-GENOTYPE IT AND TELL THEM HOW IT'S CHANGED, AND THAT CAN IMPACT PHENOTYPE. OLIG ALREADY MENTIONED THE GUT MICROBIOME, THAT PROCESS IS UNDERWAY, IT'S VERY CRITICAL. WE ALSO INTERSECT WITH THE NODOBIOTIC NATIONAL RESOURCE CENTER WHERE WE CAN RE-DERIVE AND RE-POPULATE THE MICROBIOME AS NEEDED. THE SERVICES EACH CENTER HAS EXPERTISE IN THINGS AND WE ARE USED, AS YOU SAY, BY PEOPLE THAT DON'T HAVE THAT TECHNOLOGY, AND WE ALSO ARE ESTABLISHING SIGNIFICANT WHAT WE CALL VENDOR QUALITY WHERE OUR MICE CAN BE SHIPPED TO INSTITUTIONS AND BYPASS QUARANTINE BECAUSE OF THEIR HEALTH STATUS, AND THAT SAVES TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF MONEY AND TIME SH AND FINALLY, THE NOT FOR PROFIT VERSUS THE PROFIT, THAT'S TIED UP OBVIOUSLY WITH INSTITUTIONAL I.P. WHICH THE PERSON THAT MAKES THE MOUSE HAS THE I.P. WE HAVE PUT INTO A PLACE WHERE IF WE GET A FOR-PROFIT REQUEST, WE CONNECT THEM WITH THE ORIGINAL INSTITUTION, SO WE ARE SPEEDING THAT PROCESS UP. TO MAKE THOSE MICE AVAILABLE. >> CAN I JUST ASK ABOUT MICE THAT WERE MADE BEFORE 1998, SO FOR EXAMPLE, WE MADE MICE AND WE WANTED THEM TO BE FREELY DISTRIBUTABLE AND THE ONLY PLACE WE COULD FIGURE OUT HOW TO DO THAT WAS TO SEND THEM TO JACKSON LABS AND THEY HAVE THEM AND THEY SELL THEM, I IMAGINE. DID YOU -- IS THERE A WAY TO GET THOSE MICE THAT INVESTIGATORS WOULD LIKE TO BE IN THE REPOSITORY, THIS IS AN AMAZING REPOSITORY, AND THERE WERE MANY MICE THAT WERE MADE BEFORE 1998. >> SO THE REASON WHY I'M JUMPING IN HERE, I CAME TO THE NIH IN 2000, SO THE NUMBER -- THE YEAR YOU MENTIONED PREDATES ME. I CAME WHEN THE ORIGINAL FUNDING OPPORTUNITY FOR THIS PROGRA HAD BEEN ON THE STREET FOR A YEAR AND THE FOUR CENTERS WERE FUNDED AND I CAME IN TO HELP WITH THE PROGRAM SO YES INDEED, MICE WERE MADE IN WHATEVER LAB THEY WERE MADE AND THEY WERE ALL THOSE THINGS THAT TERRY JUST DESCRIBED WHICH THEN GENERATED THIS PROGRAM TO SAY THIS IS NOT WORKING TOO WELL, LET'S COLLECT THEM AND LET'S MAKE SURE THAT WE KNOW WHAT THEY ARE, WHICH TERRY DESCRIBED AS WELL. AND THAT'S ACTUALLY THE BIRTH OF THE PROGRAM AND IT HAS EXPANDED A LOT EVER SINCE. THERE WAS ONE OTHER POINT I WAS GOING TO MAKE WHICH NOW ESCAPES ME. >> ONE POINT I FORGOT, WHEN THE WHOLE THING STARTED AND PEOPLE WERE DOING TARGETED MUTATIONS BY HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION, IT WAS LIKE THE WILD, WILD WEST, AND NOBODY REALLY KNEW WHAT THEY WERE DOING AND WHAT THEY HAD. NOW FAST FORWARD TO CRISPR/CAS, IT'S AGAIN THE WILD, WILD WEST, IT'S EASY TO DO, THEY DO IT AND THEN THEY GET RID OF THE MICE AND THEN THEY DO IT AGAIN. AND YOU CANNED CAN'T DO RIGOR AND REPRODUCIBILITY THAT WAY. WHEN YOU MAKE A MUTANT, IT REALLY EEDS TO BE CHARACTERIZED, YOU NEED TO KNOW YOUR GENOTYPE BECAUSE IF SOMEONE ELSE MAKES IT, IT'S GOING TO BE DIFFERENT. >> I WAS GOING TO ADDRESS YOUR QUESTION ABOUT THE JACKSON LAB. SO THE JACKSON LAB, OF COURSE, IS MUCH OLDER THAN THE 20 YEARS THIS PROGRAM HAS EXISTED, AND THEY HAVE A LOT OF STRAINS AND THEY ARE AL ARE A NOT FOR PROFIT BUT THEY DO SELL THE MICE, THERE'S NO WAY THE JACKSON LAB WOULD WANT TO GIVE UP THEIR MICE BUT THERE IS THE TWO PARTS. THE JACKSON LAB HAS A COMPONENT IN THE MMRRC SO THEY WORK TOGETHER. IF SOMEBODY MAKES A MOUSE SOMEWHERE, THEN THERE IS CAREFUL COMMUNICATION, DO YOU HAVE IT, SHOULD WE TAKE IT AND THERE IS NOT DUPLICATION. SO I DON'T THINK THERE WILL EVER BE A MERGER OF THE TWO GROUPS, BUT I THINK THEY CO-EXIST PRETTY HAPPILY AND ACTUALLY WORK OUT, YOU KNOW, IN THEIR OWN SPACES, IF I CAN PUT IT THAT WAY. >> ARE FOLKS COMFORTABLE WITH PROCEEDING WITH A VOTE? SO FIRST I'M GOING TO TELL YOU MY LITTLE STORY ABOUT THE JACKSON LAB ABOUT RIGOR AND& REPRODUCIBILITY. WE HAD ONE OF THE CENTER MEETINGS A FEW YEARS AGO, ONE OF THE FOLKS FROM JACKSON LAB JUST MADE A STATEMENT IN HIS TALK THAT A LIRD OF THE THIRD OF THE ANIMALS T HEY TAKE IN HAVE WHAT HE CALLED A BONUS ALLELE. WHICH MEANT YOU COULD HAVE WROTE A BOGUS ALLELE AND SOMEBODY HAD BEEN WASTING TIME AND MONEY AND MIGHT BE WASTING OTHERS WITH THIS ANIMAL. SO THIS IS SUCH A CRITICAL ISSUE TO ADDRESS. DO I HEAR A MOTION TO APPROVE THIS CONCEPT? SECOND? ALL IN FAVOR SAY AYE. OPPOSED, NAY? >> AYE, >> AYE. >> THANK YOU. OPPOSED? ABSTENTIONS? OKAY. VERY GOOD. THIS IS UNANIMOUSLY APPROVED. AND WE'RE DONE FOR THE MORNING SESSION BUT I'LL JUST SAY THAT YOU HAVE JUST NOW A VERY FEW MINUTES TO PICK UP YOUR LUNCHES OUTSIDE THE MEETING ROOM BEFORE THE CLOSED SESSION BEGINS AT NOON. IF YOU DID NOT BRING A COMPUTER AND HAVE ACCESS THEN TO THE ELECTRONIC COUNCIL BOOK AND YOU WANT THAT, PLEASE RAISE YOUR HAND AND WE HAVE SEVERAL FOLKS, PATINA CAN HELP YOU GET CONNECTED. SO THE SESSION IS CLOSED AND WE'LL START AGAIN AT NOON. WELCOME BACK TO THE OPEN SESSION. OUR FIRST TWO PRESENTATIONS IN CONCEPT CLEARANCES THIS AFTERNOON WILL BE FOR TWO NEW INITIATIVES, PRESENTED BY SENIOR NIH STAFF TO INSTITUTE DIRECTORS ON BEHALF OF THE COMMON FUND. EACH INITIATIVE WILL HAVE TWO ASSIGNED COUNCIL MEMBERS AS DISCUSSED AND WE HAVE SET ASIDE 40 MINUTES FOR EACH NEW INITIATIVE. THEY WILL RESULT IN A DISCUSSION FOLLOWED BY A VOTE TO APPROVE THE INITIATIVE AS A WHOLE. OR THE CONCEPTS INDIVIDUAL INITIATIVES FOR RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MODIFICATIONS. DEFER FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION OR EXTERNAL INPUT OR TO DISAPPROVE THE CONCEPTS. YES, WE WILL DO THAT IN 40 MINUTES. I WILL TRACK YOUR COMMENTS IN CASE THERE'S MODIFICATIONS, I WILL ASK BETSY TO DO THAT TOO IN CASE IT RESULTS IN REPHRASING THE CONCEPT IN SOME WAY. THE FIRST ONE IS ENTITLED LASH -- HARNESSING DATA SCIENCE FOR HEALTH AT THIS COVERRY INNOVATION IN AFRICA, BY ROGER GLASS OF FOGARTY INTERNATIONAL CENTER AND BRUCE TROMBERG FROM NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL IMMA'AMING AND BIOENGINEERING. THE DISCUSSION WILL BE DR.S KEVIN JOHNSON AND -- (INAUDIBLE). >> THANK YOU, VERY MUCH. ROGER GLASS, DIRECTOR OF FOGARTY INTERNATIONAL CENTER AND ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF NIH GLOBAL HEALTH. I HAVE HERE ON THIS PROPOSED HARNESSING DATA SCIENCE FOR HEALTH, DISCOVERY INNOVATION, WE ARE CALLING IT DSI FOR HEALTH IN AFRICA OR DSI FOR AFRICA. MY PARTNERS IN THIS ARE BRUCE TROMBERG NEW HEAD OF NIBIB BIOENGINEERING INSTITUTE. PATTY BRENNAN, HEAD OF NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE, A SPECIALIST IN DATA PROCESSING AND JOSH GORDON, HEAD OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH. THE -- THIS INITIATIVE HAS BEEN DEVELOPED REALLY OVER SIX MONTHS PERIOD BY A TEAM OF 39 PEOPLE INITIALLY FROM 12 ICs AND TWO OFFICES. AND AFTER OUR PRESENTATION TO THE DIRECTOR'S COUNCIL WE HAVE HAD FIVE OTHER ICs DESIRE TO JOIN ON SO I HAVE THEIR IDENTIFICATIONS BUT NOT THE PEOPLE INVOLVED. SO IT'S REALLY BEEN PRESENTED AND IT'S REALLY TAKEN SIX MONTHS TO COME TO THIS INITIATIVE. HERE THE IDEA AND THE IMPORTANCE OF DATA SCIENCE IS REALLY HIGHLIGHTED BY THE CHIEF SCIENTIST AT WHO WHO SPEAKS ABOUT ANALYTIC CAPACITY NOT KEEPING UP WITH THE VOLUMES OF DATA BEING COLLECTED. WE HAVE LOADS OF DATA, ESPECIALLY LMIC AND LOW INCOME COUNTRIES WE DON'T KNOW HOW TO ANALYZE IT AND USE IT FOR POLICY, AND THAT'S BEEN TWEETED BY MANY OTHERS. HOW DO WE DEAL WITH THIS AND WHY ARE WE CONSIDERING AFRICA? WE PROPOSE HERE TO DEVELOP AN& ADAPT TECHNIQUES OF DATA SCIENCE COUPLED WITH INNOVATION, DSI, TO ADDRESS SOME OF THE MOST COMPELLING PROBLEMS IN GLOBAL HEALTH WITH THE FOCUS IN AFRICA. WHY AFRICA? HERE WE HAVE A MAP OF AFRICA, YOU CAN SEE THREE TIMES LARGER THAN THE CONTINENTS OF ALL THE CONTINENTS PUT TOGETHER. IT'S AN YAIR WITH SOME OF THE HIGHEST -- AREA WITH HIGHEST RATES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH RAPIDLY BURGEONING POPULATION, WITH 50% UNDER 20. SO IT'S AN AREA OF TREMENDOUS CHANGE AND INNOVATION. BUT BESIDES THAT, IT CARRIES A DISPROPORTIONATE PERCENT OF THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE. THERE ARE MANY UNIQUE POPULATIONS, GENETIC BACKGROUNDS AND EXPOSURES, AND IT'S REALLY BECAUSE OF THESE DIFFERENCES THAT WE HAVE MADE SUCH PROGRESS AT HIV RESEARCH FOR INSTANCE. IT IS A CRITICAL MEDICAL WORK FORCE SHORTAGE, SO WE NEED FOR DECISION SUPPORT FOR HEALTH DECISIONS. THERE'S EXTENSIVE MOBILE PHONE COVERAGE AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR UNIQUE LEAP FROG TECHNOLOGIES, WE CAN BUILD ON THE INVESTMENTS OF NIH MADE REALLY OVER THE LAST TEN YEARS, WITH H 3 AFRICA, HUMAN HEALTH AND HER REDTY IN AFRICA, A TREMENDOUS GENOMICS PROGRAM AND THE MEDICAL EDUCATION PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVE AND THE HEALTH EDUCATION PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVE THAT'S JUST BEEN REPEAT AND IS DONE IN COORDINATION WITH PEPFAR. SO WE ARE BUILDING ON THOSE INVESTMENTS AND IT GETS AROUND, UNENCUMBERED BY LEGACY INFRASTRUCTURE, OLD FASHIONED SYSTEMS, OR NEW FASHION SYSTEMS NOT THERE, FRESH OPPORTUNITIES TO DEVELOP TOOLS, APPLICATIONS, AND MORE. SO WE THINK IT'S AN IDEAL PLACE TO WORK. WHAT IS THE LANDSCAPE FOR DATA CAPACITY? THERE'S SOME INVESTMENT ALREADY. NIH INVESTS STAWNIALLY IN DATA SCIENCE BUT WE HAVE FEW GRANTS THAT FOCUS IN AFRICA. EXPERTISE IN AFRICA IS ALL OVER. YOU CAN SEE ON THAT SLIDE TO THE RIGHT ALL THE DIFFERENT GROUPS INVESTING IN DATA SCIENCE, THE AFRICAN SPECK TRAM IMAGING NETWORK, CORPORATE RESEARCH NIAID AFRICAN CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE AND BIOINFORMATICS AND DATA SCIENCE. THERE'S A LOT GOING ON BUT IT'S IMPROVING BUT NOT NETWORK. THE I WOULD BEING CAPACITY CAN BE TRANSFORMATIVE. THERE'S ETHICAL LEGAL AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS THAT ARE KEY CONTEXTUAL FACTORS. SO BEYOND THAT, IT'S INTERESTING TO SEE THAT OVER THE PAST TEN YEARS THE INTERNET HAS PERMEATED ALL THE MEDICAL SCHOOLS, THROUGH MUCH OF AFRICA, MOBILE ACCESS IS AVAILABLE, ABOUT 85% OF PEOPLE THROUGHOUT AFRICA. SO WE HAVE WAYS TO COMMUNICATE AND BUILD ON DATA AND TRANSFER DATA. AT FOGARTY AND NIH WE HAVE BEEN WORKING WITH MANY PARTNERS IN AFRICA OVER THE YEARS. WE HAVE NICE COLLABORATIONS WITH THE WELCOME TRUST, THE GATES FOUNDATION, THE WORLD BANK AND THE AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK INVESTING IN CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE IN DIFFERENT TOPICS, US AID, THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION HAS A DIGITAL HEALTH PROGRAM, AND THE AFRICAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WHICH HAS BECOME A NEW PARTNER IN ONE OF OUR INITIATIVES. AND FOR THE GRANTEE, THERE ARE A NUMBER OF U.S. UNIVERSITIES THAT ARE INVESTED IN ICT AND BIOENGINEERING IN AFRICA. COMPANIES, SAFARICOM THE LARGEST MOBILE HEALTH PROVIDER IN KENYA THAT DOES MOBILE BANKING AS WELL, OPPORTUNITIES TO BUILD ON THAT PLATFORM. AFRICAN INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL SCIENCES AND THE NEXT EINSTEN INITIATIVE IN AFRICA. MATHEMATICS. AND FINALLY MOST IMPORTANT ARE THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS BECAUSE TO DO THINGS IN AFRICA, YOU HAVE TO INVOLVE THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS AND MAKE SURE THEY SEE HUGE VALUE IN THE OPPORTUNITIES THAT ARE BEING PRESENTED. AND THE CAPACITY THAT WILL BE BUILT LOCALLY. THIS INITIATIVE IS PROPOSING -- HAS FIVE INITIATIVES, ENTERWOVEN, FIRST WOULD BE THE SIX HUBS, RESEARCH HUBS FOCUSED ON KEY HEALTH PROBLEMS. PROBLEMS LIKE CANCER OR HIV OR INFECTION DISEASE, THOSE WOULD BE OPEN TO THE GRANTEE. DATA SCIENCE TRAINING PROGRAMS, THEY COULD BE SOUTH SOUTH AND NORTH SOUTH INITIATIVES. ETHICAL LEGAL SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF DSI RESEARCH. AND THINGS LIKE PRIVACY OF DATA, USE AND ACCESS OF DATA, THESE ARE GOING TO BE PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT AS WE GO INTO AFRICA. ACCORDING -- A COORDINATING CENTER THAT WILL HELP MANAGE AND RUN THESE ACTIVITIES, AND COORDINATE BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT GROUPS. SYMPOSIA AT THE FIRST -- IN THE FIRST YEAR TO BRING PARTNERS TOGETHER IN THESE PARTNERS SHIPS THAT WE HOPE TO FORM. AS WELL AS IN LAST YEAR TO PUT TOGETHER PAPERS, PRESENTATIONS AND SEE WHAT WE HAVE DONE. SO FROM HERE, LET ME TURN IT TO BRUCE TROMBERG WHO WILL TAKE YOU THROUGH EACH OF THESE INITIATIVES. BRUCE. >> THANK YOU, ROGER. IT'S GREAT TO BE BACK AT THE COUNCIL OF COUNCILS. I HAD VERY BRIEF TERM HERE, PROBABLY THE SHORTEST EVER, TWO-THIRDS OF THE YEAR IN 2018 BEFORE JIM DISMISSED ME FOR CAUSE, OR FOR A GOOD CAUSE. BECOMING N ISHBIB DIRECTOR. -- NIBIB DIRECTOR. IT'S BEEN A PLEASURE TO WORK WITH THE FOGARTY TEAM, ROGER INVITED KNOW TALK AT HIS COUNCIL WITHIN A FEW WEEKS OF MY ARRIVAL, THAT HELPED STIMULATE A LOT OF DISCUSSION AND HOW WE CAN ACCELERATE BOTH INNOVATION AND DATA SCIENCE. SO I WOULD LIKE TO DIG A LITTLE DEEPER HERE AND I HAVE TO FIGURE WHICH BUTTON TO PUSH. THAT STRUCTURE. I'LL DECOME POSE THE STRUCTURE GO INTO DETAIL HOW EACH COMPONENT WILL WORK. FIRST UP THE MOST IMPORTANT BUILDING BLOCK IS THE HUB. THERE WILL BE SIX HUBS, EACH HUB WILL BRING TOGETHER PARTNERS THAT MAY COME FROM GOVERNMENT, INDUSTRY, UNIVERSITIES, THOSE UNIVERSITIES COULD BE ACROSS AFRICA, PARTNERS AROUND THE WORLD, UNITED STATES OF COURSE WILL HAVE A CRITICAL COMPONENT IN THIS TYPE OF STRUCTURE. EACH OF THESE HUBS WILL HAVE MULTIPLE COMPETENCIES SO THERE WILL BE EXPERTISE REPRESENTED FROM DATA SCIENCE, FROM THE TECHNOLOGY AND NVATION AREA, -- INNOVATION, BIOMEDICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, AND FROM COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AND LC, ETHICAL LEGAL AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS. SO WHAT WILL HAPPEN THEN IS EACH HUB AS ROGER MENTIONED WILL FOCUS ON A SINGLE DISEASE. M MENTAL HEALTH, CANCER, INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND SO FORTH. TO HELP MOTIVATE THIS CONCEPT A LITTLE FURTHER, WE PUT TOGETHER A HYPOTHETICAL EXAMPLE OF WHAT A HUB MIGHT LOOK LIKE, HOW IT MIGHT BE STRUCTURED. THIS IS TAKEN FROM ACTUAL PROJECTS THAT ARE ONGOING IN AFRICA, SO THESE ARE NOT JUST SYNTHESIZED BY US OUT OF OUR IMAGINATIONS, THESE ARE REAL PROJECTS WITH INDIVIDUALS THAT WE KNOW OF, SOME WHOM WE ARE WORKING WITH IN OUR TEAMS THAT ARE GOING ON IN AFRICA. SO I'LL TAKE YOU THANK THROUGH THIS SLIDE SLOWLY. THE LEFT SIDE ARE THE TECHNOLOGIES, WHERE THE INNOVATION AND THE DATA SCIENCE IS TAKING PLACE. ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE SLIDE, ARE POTENTIAL OUTCOMES. IF WE CAN PUT HUB LIKE THIS TOGETHER THESE ARE SOME POSSIBLE PUBLIC HEALTH AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES THAT WE COULD EXPECT AT THE CONCLUSION OF A PROJECT LIKE THIS. SO LOOKING AT THE LEFT SIDE AGAIN, AND IN THE MIDDLE OF COURSE, ARE THE MULTIPLE PARTNERS THAT MAY BE REPRESENTED IN AN EFFORT LIKE THIS. ON THE LEFT SIDE AT THE BOTTOM, AND MOVING ACROSS ALL OF THESE TYPES OF RESEARCH PROJECTS, IS AN ENABLING TECHNOLOGY USING LIGHT, IT'S A HYPERSPECTRAL LIGHT SCATTERING TECHNOLOGY AND I WILL EXPLAIN HOW THAT COMES INTO PLAY IN EACH OF THESE AREAS THAT ARE IMPACTING MALARIA. AT THE BOTTOM THERE'S ACTIVITY THAT'S BUILT AROUND USING SMART PHONES IN MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS AND POINT OF CARE. MUCH OF THIS NOW IS ENABLED BY THE UTILIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE OR MACHINE LEARNING AS WELL AS PHYSICS BASED COMPUTATIONAL MODELS TO TAKE THINGS LIKE RBG AND MULTI-SPECTRAL INFORMATION FROM PATHOLOGY SLIDES, HISTOPATHOLOGY SLIDES, AND THEN CLASSIFY OR MAKE A DIAGNOSIS. SO THESE ARE ACTUAL PROJECTS GOING ON TO USE THOSE APPROACHES FOR EXAMPLE IN THIS CASE, TO DETECT MALARIA, AT THE BEDSIDE OR AT THE POINT OF CARE. RAPID DIAGNOSTICS, IMMEDIATE IMPACT ON A PATIENT. THAT'S USING A TECHNOLOGY THAT'S INTERROGATING OR PROBING MICRON SCALE INTERACTIONS. TAKE THAT SAME TECHNOLOGY, LIGHT SCATTERING, USE LASER BEAMS AND SHINE THEM IN THE ATMOSPHERE, BY LOOKING AT STATIC AND DYNAMIC COMPONENTS OF THE LIGHT SCATTERING OFFER SCALES HUNDREDS OF METERS TO KILOMETERS WE CAN CHARACTERIZE AN DETECT PRESENCE OF INSECTS NOT ONLY SEE IF THERE ARE SWARMS OF FLYING INSECTS BUT ALSO HAVE THEIR SIGNATURES TO THE POINT WHERE WE CAN LOOK AND IDENTIFY WHAT TYPE OF INSECT IT IS. THIS IS A PROCESS USING A TECHNOLOGY CALLED LIGHT OUR, LIGHT DETECTING RADIOLOGY USING LIGHT, SO WE USE OPTICAL FREQUENCIES, INVISIBLE LIGHT, LOW INTENSITY LEVELS, BUT SUFFICIENT TO BE ABLE TO CAPTURE THESE BACK SCATTERED LIGHT SIGNALS AND CHARACTERIZE IN REAL TIME WHERE INSIDE POPULATIONS ARE. CAN DETECT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MALE AN FEMALE, THE DIFFERENCES IN BEAT FREQUENCIES OF THEIR LENGTHS. UP IN SCALE TO HUNDREDS OF KILOMETERS THERE'S A TECHNOLOGY KNOWN AS HYPERSPECTRAL REFLECTION IMAGING. MANY ARE FAMILIAR WITH THIS. THIS IS A WELL ESTABLISHED TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPED TO FIND THINGS LIKE TANKS AND TERRORISTS IN BUSHES. BUT NOW IT'S BEEN CONVERTED LITERALLY THE BEAUTIFUL SWORDS TO TYPE OF CONVERSION FOR A VARIETY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND PUBLIC HEALTH APPLICATIONS. SO HERE WE ARE ABLE TO VISUALIZE VEBLGATION -- VEGETATION GROWTH AND WATER CONTENT USING THE SIGNATURES BOTH IN SPACE AND TIME, MAP OUT, DEVELOP VEGETATION INDICES. THE NEXT STEP IS TO COMBINE VEGETATION INDEX, THIS IS ALSO A REAL PROJECT ONGOING WITH ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS TO BE ABLE TO CORRELATE THE FLUCTUATIONS OR APEERNS WITH OUTBREAKS OF MALARIA. SO IMAGINE HAVING HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY FROM SATELLITES OR DRONES AND BEING ABLE TO PREDICT BASED ON THOSE CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENT WHEN THE POPULATION MAY BE AT GREATEST RISK. SO YOU CAN PUT ALL THIS TOGETHER ENABLING TECHNOLOGY WITH A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT COMPUTATIONAL METHODS, SPANNING MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES THAT COULD BE USED TO DRIVE FAST POINT OF CARE DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTICS, DETECTING CHARACTERIZE INSECT POPULATIONS AND IN FACT POSSIBLY GIVE YOU ON YOUR PHONE WE HAVE WEATHER REPORTS NOW, IT'S NOT INCONCEIVABLE TO HAVE INSECT REPORTS THAT COULD ADVISE PEOPLE IN TERMS OF WHAT TO DO WITH RESPECT TO PUBLIC HEALTH PROTECTING THEMSELVES. DON'T GO OUT DURING THESE HOURS. USE NETTING AND BUG SPRAY AND SO FORTH. SO THIS IS AGAIN, IT'S OUR SYNTHESIZED HYPOTHETICAL EXAMPLE, BASED ON REAL THINGS THAT ARE GOING ON IN ALL THESE DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN AFRICA. AND IN FACT AROUND THE WORLD. SO THE NEXT COMPONENT STRAINING. -- TRAINING. IMAGINE I COVERED MICRONS TO HUNDREDS OF KILOMETERS IN SPATIAL SCALE, I ALSO TALKED ABOUT MACHINE LEARNING, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, PHYSICS BASED MODELS, THESE ARE SPECIALIZED AREAS OF ACTIVITY THAT NEED NEW FORMS OF TRAINING CENTERS. SO WE ENVISION HAVING FIVE DIFFERENT TRAINING CENTERS THAT WOULD BE STOOD UP INITIALLY RIGHT AT THE BEGINNING WHERE PEOPLE WOULD LEARN FUNDAMENTAL ENABLING ASPECTS OF ALL OF THESE COMPONENTS OF THESE PROJECTS, DATA SCIENCE AND INNOVATION. AND THEN AS THE HUBS BECOME POPULATE AND DIFFERENTIATED WITH RESPECT TO THE PROBLEMS THEY'LL WORK ON, THEN CONNECT EACH OF THESE TRAINING CENTERS WITH HUBS AND THAT ENGAGEMENT WILL TAKE PLACE THROUGH A CENTRAL COORDINATING CENTER PREDOMINANTLY. SO TRAINING WOULD BEGIN TO MOVE AFTER ESTABLISHING CLEAR FUNDAMENTAL BASIC TRAINING PRACTICES, THAT WOULD ALLOW AND FACILITATE THIS TYPE OF INTERDISCIPLINARY ACTIVITY, THEN THE TRAINEES WOULD MOVE INTO THESE HUBS AND START WORKING ON PROBLEMS THAT HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED AND GREAT RELEVANCE TO THESE REGIONS. THE NEXT AREA ARE THE LC CENTERS, SO THERE WOULD BE FOUR LC CENTERS AND AS YOU KNOW, THERE ARE TREMENDOUS IMPLICATIONS OF BRINGING NEW TECHNOLOGIES INTO POPULATIONS THAT A, MAY OR MAY NOT WANT THEM, AND B, THE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPERS MAY NOT HAVE THOUGHT CLEARLY THROUGH HOW BEST TO GET PEOPLE TO ADOPT THEM. SO THESE WILL AGAIN HAVE A SIMILARLY CRITICAL IMPACT AND THEY WILL ENGAGE ALSO WITH THE COORDINATING CENTER IN THE MIDDLE AND DISTRIBUTE THAT EXPERTISE TO THE APPROPRIATE SITES WITH THE APPLICATIONS. SO FINALLY, I HAVE TALKED ABOUT THIS ALREADY, THE COORDINATING CENTER WILL HAVE A VERY CRITICAL ROLE IN PIECING ALL THESE COMPONENTS TOGETHER IN ENSURING THERE'S GOOD COMMUNICATION. THERE WILL BE A LOT OF FUNDAMENTAL ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES AND CAPACITIES THAT COULD BE TRANSFERRED FROM ONE HUB OR PROJECT TO ANOTHER AND THE COORDINATING CENTER WILL HAVE A CRITICAL ROLE IN THIS AS WELL. WE ENVISION IN THE FIRST YEAR WE WOULD NOT REALLY LAUNCH EVERYTHING IN THE FIRST YEAR, WE WOULD LAUNCH SYMPOSIUM THAT WOULD HELP PEOPLE COME TOGETHER. THE FOAs WOULD COME OUT BUT THEN PEOPLE WOULD COME TOGETHER AND WE WOULD HELP ASSESS THE STATE OF THE THE FIELD, CATALYZE NEW COLLABORATIONS, REALLY BEGIN TO FOCUS IN THE VARIOUS STAKEHOLDERS SO THAT WE CAN HAVE BETTER APPLICATIONS COME INTO US BY THE DUE DATE WHICH WOULD BE AFTER THIS PARTICULAR SYMPOSIUM. THEN BY THE END IN YEAR SIX, WE WOULD HAVE A FINAL OR CAPSTONE SYMPOSIUM, WHERE ALL OF THE EFFORT AND WORK THAT HAD BEEN GOING ON WE WOULD REALLY TRY TO EMPHASIZE CAPTURING THAT FOR DETERMINING WHERE ARE THE KEY DIRECTIONS TO GO MANY THE FUTURE. AND CONSIDERING THE POSSIBILITY OF AN EXTENSION OF A PROJECT LIKE THIS. SO I WILL HAND IT BACK TO ROGER WHO WILL NOW SUMMARIZE THE PROJECT WITH THE VARIABLES. >> SO WHAT CAN WE EXPECT THE END OF FIVE OR TEN YEARS FROM THIS INITIATIVE? I THINK THERE'S A LOT. I THINK THERE'S A LOT IN HERE AND A LOT HAS CHANGED. TEN YEARS AGO WE DIDN'T HAVE THE INTERNET AND THE CABLE TO SEE CABLES DOWN THE EAST COAST OF AFRICA. SO WE CAN BEGIN BY THINKING WE WILL HAVE RECOGNIZE CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE IN DATA SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN A NUMBER OF COUNTRIES IN AFRICA. AND TRAINING. WE'LL HAVE ADVANCES IN POLICIES SURROUNDING THE ETHICAL ISSUES, DATA USE, DATA SHARING, THAT TAKE A WHILE TO PUT IN PLACE. THIS IS INNOVATION PRODUCTS, SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS, COMPANIES THAT MIGHT SPIN OFF FROM THESE ACTIVITIES, THAT COULD GENERATE INCOME. HE WE'LL HAVE NEW INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATIONS, WITHIN THE DIFFERENT HUBS. WE'LL HAVE A DEMONSTRATION OF THE FEASIBILITY THAT THE DATA SCIENCE INITIATIVE CAN IMPROVE HEALTH IN AFRICA THROUGH THE INNOVATIONS AND THE EXPECTATIONS THAT WILL COME FROM EACH HUB. WE WILL HAVE CAPACITY TO DEVELOP AND ADVANCE APPROPRIATE TOOLS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR THE ISSUES THAT ARE BEING ADDRESSED BY EACH HUB. A UNIQUE NETWORK OF SCIENTISTS ON THE CONTINENT, JUST LIKE WE HAVE DONE WITH THE MEPE PROGRAM, THAT LED TO AFRI HEALTH, A CONSORTIUM OF MEDICAL SCHOOLSSH NURSING SCHOOLS, HEALTH SCIENCE CENTERS AROUND AFRICA OUT OF THE MEPE PROGRAM AND NEW KNOWLEDGE AND INTERVENTIONS THAT WILL IMPROVE HEALTH. WE THINK THERE'S A LOT THERE THAT WILL BENEFIT AND COME OUT OF THIS INITIATIVE. EXAMPLES BEFORE WE CLOSE. ONE IS BUILDING ON H 3 AFRICA WHERE WE HAVE SO MUCH GENOMIC INFORMATION, TRAINEES, BIOBANKS, WHAT CAN WE DO WITH THAT? ONE THING IS WE CAN THINK ABOUT PHARMACOLOGICAL DOSING, PHARMACEUTICAL DOSING, RISK FACTORS AND BIOMARKERS. WE CAN LOOK AT SEQUENCES OF VIRUSES TRACKING OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE, THROUGH POINT OF CARE DIAGNOSE DIAGNOSTICS AND GENOMICS. THE OTHER DATA PORLINGSES THAT WOULD MAKE SURVEILLANCE BETTER AND IMPROVE GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY. IN THE AREA OF DIAGNOSTICS WE CAN LINK DIAGNOSTICS IN AREAS LIKE CANCER, BIOMARKERS, SCREENING, USING AI FOSH CERVICAL CANCER LINKED TO CELL PHONE TECHNOLOGIES. DIJCAL STETHOSCOPES FOR -- DIGITAL STETHOSCOPES FOR HEART LUNG AND BLOOD DISEASES THAT COULD BE USED DIGITAL DETECTION DEVICES. SO SCREENING COULD BE ANOTHER COMPONENT THAT WOULD BE SUITABLE FOR MANY OF THE HUBS. WE CAN IN MENTAL HEALTH AND JOSH GORDON INCLUDED THIS, PREDICTING SUICIDE RISK OR DEPRESSION. DEPRESSION ONE OF THE MAJOR CAUSES OF -- IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD. INTEGRATING THE DIGITAL DATA THAT WE HAVE, SOCIAL MEDIA PHONE SENSORS SO COME UP WITH DIAGNOSES, THAT WOULD ALLOW FOR TREATMENT AND IMPROVMENTS IN HEALTH. THE EXPOSESOME MONITORED THROUGH NEW INNOVATIONS AND TECHNIQUE. HOUSEHOLD AIR POLLUTIONS, A BIG INITIATIVE AT NIH BY MANY INSTITUTES. SO IN SUMMARY, WE FEEL THAT THIS PROPOSAL IS IDEAL FOR A COMMON FUND INITIATIVE. WE HAVE HAD NOW 17 INSTITUTES THAT HAVE -- INSTITUTES AND OFFICES THAT HAVE FOUND VALUE IN THIS PRESENTATION. WHAT THEY COULD SEE IN THE FUTURE FOR GLOBAL HEALTH. IT'S SYNERGISTIC WITH THEIR INVESTMENTS. IT'S CROSS CUTTING AN INTEGRATE KNOWLEDGE ACROSS MANY DISEASE AREAS AND DISCIPLINES. ESPECIALLY IN THE DATA SCIENCE. IT'S UNIQUE. THERE'S NO OTHER INSTITUTE OR GROUP THAT INVESTS EXCLUE SFLY IN MATTNA TICKS, IN ICT AND INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND DATA. FINALLY CATALYTIC, THE COMMON FUND IS BEST POSITION, POWERFUL PARTNERSHIPS WITH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR PARTNERS AND WITH THE MANY ICs THAT WOULD BE INVOLVED. SO WITH THAT, YOU'LL END -- I'LL END THE PRESENTATION AND LEAVE IT OPEN FOR YOUR QUESTION AND COMMENTS AND ADVICE. THANK YOU VERY MUCH. >> THANK YOU, ROGER AND BRUCE. [APPLAUSE] WE HAVE TWO DISCUSSION, WE WILL START WITH KEVIN. I WANT TO MAKE ONE COMMENT THAT MIGHT HELP US. IN ORDER TO HAVE A COMPREHENSIVE DISCUSSION OF THIS, I WONDER IF WE CAN GO BACK TO SLIDE 7 WHICH IS AN OUTLINE HOW YOU ENVISION THE STRUCTURE SO PEOPLE HAVE IN MIND HOW YOU -- >> WHICH ONE -- >> 7. AT A HIGH LEVEL HOW YOU ENVISION THE INITIATIVES FITTING TOGETHER AS A PROGRAM? TWO MORE. BASICALLY IT'S THREE BACK. KEVIN GO AHEAD. >> I WANTED TO START WITH TWO QUESTIONS BEFORE I DISCUSS. IS THAT OKAY? SO THE FIRST THING IS I'M EXTREMELY EXCITED ABOUT THIS, WE BOTH ARE. THERE ARE -- I'M HOPING THERE IS A COUPLE OF QUESTIONS YOU CAN ANSWER THAT WILL MAKE THIS A LITTLE BIT EASIER. SO THE FIRST IS, WHEN I READ THROUGH AND SEEN THE PRESENTATION I SEE THIS LARGE NUMBER OF PARTNERS. I COULDN'T HELP BUT GET MY HEAD AROUND EXAMPLE COULD HAVE DONE THIS. SO HELP ME TO UNDERSTAND AS A PERSON NEW TO THIS WORK WHY THE NIH WHAT WE WHY THE NIH SHOULD BE THE EPICENTER FOR THIS INITIATIVE POSSIBLY MORE SUSTAINABILITY. >> GOOD, GREAT QUESTION. I FIRST WENT TO UGANDA AS DIRECTOR OF FOGARTY, I FOUND THAT WE HAD SIX HIV PROGRAMS THERE, EACH ONE HAD ITS OWN SATELLITE DISH TO BRING DATA UJ TO THE UNIVERSITY. WE WERE -- INTO THE UNIVERSITY. NOW THEY HAVE BROADBAND, TO THE FIVE MEDICAL CENTERS AROUND THE COUNTRY SO THEY HAVE THE ACCESS AND THE ABILITY TO WORK TOGETHER ON DATA. THEY DIDN'T HAVE THAT SEVEN YEARS AGO. THAT'S AN ENABLING TECHNOLOGY. WHEN WE GO BACK TO MCCRARY, IN 2000 ALL THE GRANTS ON HIV, NOW THEY HAVE GRANTS FROM 11 NIH INSTITUTES AND I THINK IT'S OVER A HUNDRED GRANTS FROM NIH, FROM A VARIETY DATA IS SOMETHING INTEGRAL TO ALL THOSE RESEARCH AGENDA. THIS WOULD BE -- NO ONE INVESTED IN A DATA -- THEY EACH HAVE THEIR OWN DATA PIECE, NO ONE INVESTED. WE THINK THIS TRAINING AND THE OPPORTUNITY FOR INNOVATION CAN PULL THOSE GROUPS TOGETHER. IN A VERY EFFECTIVE WAY. >> I CAN TACKLE THE OTHER END, WHICH IS FROM THE ENGINEERING AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE COMMUNITY, THERE'S NOT THAT KIND OF INVESTMENT THAT PULSE THEM INTO BIOMEDICAL PROBLEM SPACE. I WORK WITH A GROUP OF SEVEN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES IN AFRICA, IN A SPECTRAL IMAGING NETWORK. IT'S A FEW AND HEARTY GROUP OF PEOPLE WHOSE ONLY FOUNDATION FUNDING IS COMING FROM A VERY SMALL PROGRAM IN SWEDEN. GETTING THEM TO MATCH IN AND COUPLE INTO THE MAINSTREAM BIOMEDICAL ELSY COMMUNITIES LIKE THIS WOULD BE AND AN ENORMOUS OPPORTUNITY FOR DRIVING TECHNOLOGIES FORWARD. THEY ARE HUNGRY, CREATIVE, THEY DEVELOPED THAT APPROACH AND BROUGHT IT TO SUB SA SAHARAN AFRICA, THERE'S ENORMOUS POTENTIAL TO MOVE THIS BY COUPLING WITH THE NIH. >> I'LL GO THROUGH MY DISCUSSION. OTHERS WILL HAVE QUESTIONS. TO KEEP IT RELATIVELY BRIEF WE ARE EXTREMELY EXCITED ABOUT THE PROPOSAL. IN TERMS OF CRITERIA FOR COMMON FUNDING, THOUGH AFRICA WAS CHOSEN AS A FOCUS AREA, THERE'S CERTAINLY A VERY COMPELLING REASON IN THAT THERE ARE ALL THESE EXISTING NIH FUNDS THAT RR BEING USED. I THINK THE PRESENTATION AND DOCUMENTATION CLEARLY DESCRIBE THERE'S POTENTIAL IN ECONOMY OF SCALE IN SOME WAYS IN TERMS OF THE WAY THIS COULD BRING TOGETHER EXISTING NIH FUNDING. WHICH BUT CLEARLY MAKES IT MORE LIKELY TO BE TRANSFORMATIVE, CATALYTIC AND SYNERGISTIC AS YOU NOTED. THEREFORE I THINK THE GOALS ARE CONSISTENT WITH COMMON FUND PROGRAM CRY TIERIA. I WAS EXCITED THAT THE CONCEPT HAD BEEN CAREFULLY VETTED FROM 18 INDIVIDUAL AND SIX OTHER GROUP CONSULTATIONS, AND IS VERY MUCH IN LINE WITH THE INITIATIVES UNDERWAY WITH GATES WELCOME TRUST IBM RESEARCH GOOGLE MICROSOFT AND AFRICAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND GRAND CHALLENGES AFRICA INITIATIVE. ASSUMING THE ANSWER TO MY FIRST QUESTION IS NONE OF THE OTHERS WOULD HAVE STEPPED UP TO DO THIS, I HAVE TO CONFESS DIDN'T ACTUALLY SAY THOSE WORDS, I WOULD HAVE LOVED TO HAVE HEARD YOU SAY, THEN I THINK IT IS SOMETHING THAT ONLY THE NIH COULD BE DOING. I WILL SAY THAT I WOULD LOVE TO HAVE SEEN ADJUSTMENTS TO BETTER DESCRIBE A SUSTAINABILITY PLAN. I APPRECIATE THAT THERE ARE FIVE AND TEN YEAR DELIVERABLES BUT I'M ALSO AWARE, WE WILL PROBABLY BOTH HAVE SOMETHING TO SAY ABOUT THIS, THAT THE CONTINENT HAD SIMILAR ATTEMPTS TO DO MANY THINGS THAT FIZZLE OUT AS MINISTERS OF HEALTH CHANGE. I WOULD ARGUE THAT THE CHALLENGE THEY OFTEN HAVE IS WHILE YOU SAY THEY ARE UNEM COUPLE BEARED BY LEGACY INFRASTRUCTURE THEY HAVE A WORKING LEGACY INFRASTRUCTURE, IT'S PEOPLE WHO WILL TAKE ALMOST NO MONEY TO DO REALLY AMAZINGLY CHALLENGING THINGS. WE HAVE SEEN THIS CERTAINLY IN SOME OF WHAT WE SEE IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF SOUTH SOUTH AFRICA. SO A SUSTAINABILITY PLAN WOULD BE USEFUL, A RECOGNITION, I THINK THE TIME LINE MIGHT BE A BIT AMBITIOUS, THE DATA IN THESE LOCATIONS ARE NOT COMPUTABLE, THERE'S NO CLEAR STRATEGY FOR ADOPTION, AND SO I THINK WE NEED TO RECOGNIZE THAT ONE OF THE BIGGEST CHALLENGES TO GETTING AN EHR UP AND RUNNING IN THIS AREA IS THAT THERE IS AN INFRASTRUCTURE IN PLACE THAT'S NOWHERE NEAR PAPER -- NOWHERE NEAR ELECTRONIC AND PEOPLE MAY GENERALLY NOT BE SO EXCITED ABOUT GOING THERE. SO THERE'S A CHALLENGE IN TERMS OF IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE. IN FACT, ETHIOPIA IS WORKING HARD WITH EMBEDDED IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE ACTIVITY JUST TO LEARN HOW TO NEGOTIATE SOME OF THE ISSUES THAT ARE IN THE ELSI SPACE SO CLEARLY A LOT IS GOING TO SLOW THIS DOWN AND I THIS I Y'ALL UNDERSTAND BETTER THAN MANY OF US. WITH THAT, I THINK THE TRAINING BUDGET IS NOT SUFFICIENT T. AND I WOULD LOVE TO HAVE SEEN -- I SAW THE STRAW NUMBERS BUT LOVE TO HAVE US RECOGNIZE THAT WE NEED MODELS TO COVER ALL THE DIFFERENT VAGARIES OF TRAINING IN SUCH AN INCREDIBLY COMPLEX ENVIRONMENT ACROSS THAT TECHNOLOGY SPECTRUM BUT ALSO THE AWARENESS AND ACCOUNTABILITY SPECTRUM, ET CETERA, ET CETERA, ET CETERA. I AGREE WITH YOUR COMMENTS ABOUT THE MOBILE PHONE BASED SOLUTION, CERTAINLY, TOOLS LIKE RED CAP MOBILE FOR EXAMPLE, HAVE BEEN VERY WELL RECEIVED THERE. THAT'S ALL I HAVE. LET ME STEP IN AND ADDRESS THE SUSTAINABILITY ISSUE. I THINK OUR MOST IMPORTANT PARTNER IN THIS WILL BE NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS. AND IF THEY SEE VALUE IN THIS, THEY ALL HAVE DATA, THEY ARE ALL NOT USING DATA WELL. SO IF WE CAN CAPTURE THEIR IMAGINATION AROUND USE OF DATA THAT'S A BIG START. THE SECOND IS, IN THAT SLIDE I PUT FORWARD, ALL THOSE GROUPS, ROCKEFELLER, U.S. AID, IF I CAN GO BACK TO THAT ONE, WELCOME TRUST, THEY HAVE INITIATIVES AND DIGITAL HEALTH, SOME ASPECT OF DIGITAL HEALTH THEY ARE INVOLVED WITH. THEY ARE ALL SCATTERED, ALL FOCUSED ON ONE DISEASE OR ANOTHER. THEY ARE NOT TOGETHER. SO THERE IS STUFF GOING ON. I SHOWED THAT SLIDE, IT'S NOT COORDINATED. AND THERE'S NO CAPACITY BUILDING. THAT'S WHERE THIS WOULD BRING IT TOGETHER. ON THE OTHER SIDE, POTENTIAL COLLABORATORS ON GRANTS, WHAT WE ARE BRINGING ARE U.S. OR SOUTHERN UNIVERSITIES WITH CONFIDENCE IN ICT AND DATA HANDLING, MATHEMATICS AND ENGINEERING. WE HAVE COMPANIES INVOLVED AND WE ARE MOST IMPRESSED IN KENYA, THE SAFARICOM PROVIDES 85% OF MAJOR IS ALSO 85% OF THE BANKING. WHAT CAN WE WHICH WOULD ON TO GET TO REACH THE LAST MILE WITH MOBILE TECHNOLOGY FOR PEOPLE TO ENGAGE IN HEALTH PROGRAMS? SO I THINK WE ARE WORKING ON LOCAL INDUSTRY, LOCAL SPIN OFF COMPANIES AS WELL AS NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS. SO I THINK WE HAVE A CONSORTIUM. AND THAT FIRST YEAR THAT WE ARE HOSTING A NETWORK MEETING IS REALLY TO BRING THOSE FORCES TOGETHER. BECAUSE THEY ARE ALL AROUND AFRICA AND THEY ARE ALL INTERESTED IN DOING MORE. >> TU PEOPLE VERY ENTHUSIASTIC IN THIS NEXT STEP ESPECIALLY HAVING BEEN AN INSTRUCTOR FOR THE PROGRAM IN ETHIOPIA, OUR STUDENTS THERE ARE ALWAYS SO ENGAGED AND BRILLIANT STUDENTS ARE ALWAYS INTERESTED AND WELCOMING NEW INITIATIVES LIKE THIS. AND THE TIMELINESS WITH THE EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES ARE VERY EXCITING. I WAS WONDERING IF THERE WOULD BE ANY INTEREST TO ELICIT PARTICIPATION FROM NIDDK, ESPECIALLY WITH THE ECONOMIC TRANSITION IN AFRICA HIGHER RISK FOR DIABETES, AND METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES. I WAS -- I'M VERY EXCITED ABOUT THE PARTNERSHIPS WITH THE GATES FOUNDATION AND GOOGLE, BUT ONE THING WE CAN'T IGNORE IS THE PRESENCE OF CHINA IN AFRICA SHORTLY AFTER OUR MEPE STUDENTS RECEIVE THEIR MASTERS DEGREE EQUIVALENTS THEY WERE BEING RECRUITED BY CHINA AND SWEDEN. SO SOMEHOW ACKNOWLEDGE THAT AND COME UP WITH A PLAN ON HOW WE CAN PARTICIPATE SOMEHOW WITH FOREIGN PARTNERSHIPS. SOME OF MY CONCERNS REGARDING ELIGIBILITY IS OUR ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES FORMER BRITISH COLONIES AT AN ADVANTAGE IF THEIR CURRENT SYSTEMS AND ENGLISH FLUENCY ALLOWS THEM TO PARTICIPATE IN INITIATIVES LIKE THIS SUCH THAT COUNTRIES SUCH LIKE ANGOLA OR THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO WHICH IS CURRENTLY EXPERIENCING A NEW E BOW LA EPIDEMIC ARE NOT REPRESENTED. I'M DELIGHT WITH THE INTEREST FOR SURVEY LEBS OF VIRAL -- SURVEILLANCE, VIRAL SURVEILLANCE AND VERY EXCITED ABOUT THE MOSQUITO SURVEILLANCE TO IDENTIFY NEW ARBO VIRUSES AND LIKE TO EMPHASIZE PARTNERSHIPS WITH VETERINARIANS TO IDENTIFY ZOONOTIC DISEASES, I'M ALSO VERY PLEASE WITH THE INTEREST IN CANCER AND LOOKING AT CANCER SURVEILLANCE, BUT AS YOU DEVELOP THE FOAs YOU CAN CONSIDER THE PERSISTING COMMON CAUSES OF MORTALITY IN AFRICA, PARTICULARLY INFANT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY AND EXPLORE OPPORTUNITIES WHERE WEARABLE SENSORS TO MONITOR FETAL TEMPERATURE AND MOVEMENT MIGHT BE MORE ACCESSIBLE. ALSO TO CONSIDER OTHER FORMS OF COMMON FORMS OF MORBIDITY, INCLUDING RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS AND DIARRHEAL DISEASE. IT'S VERY EXCITED TO HAVE SCREENING TOOLS SUCH AS CERVICAL CANCER, BUT WOULD ALSO RECOMMEND THAT REFERRAL SYSTEM BE ADDRESSED SUCH THAT WHEN CASES ARE IDENTIFIED, THAT ALSO APPLIES TO MENTAL HEALTH BECAUSE OF DIVERSITY OF BEHAVIORS AND BELIEF SYSTEMS IN AFRICA, INCLUDING RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES, THAT TOOMTION IN AN AMERICAN SETTING TO IDENTIFY THOSE AT DEPRESSION AND SUICIDAL IDEATION MAY MIGHT NOT APPLY IN AFRICA OR APPLY IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES EXPOSED TO DISPLACEMENT OR WAR. I WOULD WHRIEK TO EMPHASIZE LARGER INVESTMENT IN TRAINING. MANY MEPE STUDENTS WERE PLEASED TO HAVE THAT COURSE AND THAT CERTIFICATE AND THEN WE LEFT. SO THEY WERE ON THEIR OWN IN TRYING TO FIGURE OUT HOW TO TRANSITION AND TO BECOMING INDEPENDENT LEADERS. THERE IS ALSO A BIG PROBLEM WITH ATTRITION. A THIRD OF OUR INITIAL COHORTS WERE UNABLE TO CONTINUE BECAUSE THEY WERE MILITARY PHYSICIANS. AND THEN A FOURTH CAME TO THE U.S. AND WERE SUCCESSFUL GETTING RESIDENTS HERE. RESIDENCIES HERE, SOME WENT TO CHINA AND SOME WENT TO THE CAROL LINSKA INSTITUTE IN SWEDEN SO I WOULD LIKE TO RE-EMPHASIZE INVESTMENT IN TRAINING. BUT THIS IS EXCITING AND I'M ESPECIALLY EXCITED FOR POTENTIAL OF COMMERCIAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR AFRICANS. >> THANK YOU BOTH FOR SHARING YOUR THOUGHTS ON THIS. WE'LL OPEN TO DISCUSS. I JUST HAVE TO REMIND FOLKS WE HAVE A PRECIOUS LITTLE TIME TO DISCUSS THIS. WHY DON'T WE GO AROUND THE ROOM. >> ANDY FINE BEARING. REALLY -- FINEBERG. ON ISSUE OF CANCER SCREENING DIAGNOSIS, THIS INITIATIVE COULD HELP TO IMPROVE THE EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER IN THE MINORITY POPULATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES UNDERSERVED POPULATIONS. THE REASON IS THAT THERE ARE EPIGENETIC TESTS THAT CAN DETECT CANCER ON VERY LITTLE MATERIAL AND ALSO HIGH RISK PREMALIGNANT LESIONS THAT CAN'T GET TRACTION HERE BECAUSE THE INSURANCE COMPANIES SAY NO IT HAS THE GO TO IT SHALL SHOE -- TO A TISSUE PATHOLOGIST, THAT'S NOT SO PRACTICAL IN AFRICA. YOU CAN IMAGINE A SYSTEM WHERE IN COOPERATION FIRST WITH REFERENCE LABS AND ONE OF YOUR HUBS, BUT THEN ULTIMATELY A DEVICE THAT'S AT POINT OF CARE, ACTUALLY DIAGNOSING CANCER ON THE SPOT. AND THEN THAT COULD THEN ENTER THE AMERICAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM TOO. >> ABSOLUTELY. A QUICK COMMENT, I DON'T WANT TO TAKE TOO MUCH DISCUSSION. BUT THIS IS KIND OF A REVOLUTION THAT'S GOING ON IN BIOENGINEERING DEPARTMENTS AROUND THE COUNTRY. THERE'S EXPANSION OF ACTIVITY IN GETTING STUDENTS AT THE UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL, ALL THE WAY THROUGH OF COURSE THE POST GRADUATE TRAINING LEVEL. IN PROJECTS IN AFRICA, IN INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION, CANCER SCREENING PARTICULARLY IN CERVICAL CANCER HAS BEEN A VERY, VERY BIG ISSUE. A LOT OF THAT ENERGY IS GOING INTO AS WELL TO COMMERCIALIZATION. SO WE'RE AT A VERY INTERESTING INTERSECTION POINT WHERE NEEDS IN OUR HEALTHCARE SYSTEM ARE BEING MET BY LESS EXPENSIVE MORE ACCESSIBLE TECHNOLOGIES. THOSE SAME NEEDS CAN ACTUALLY BE BROUGHT OVER INTO DEVELOPING NATIONS LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME DEVELOPING NATIONS. IT'S A CONVERGENCE, WE HAVE TO SEIZE THE MOMENT AND MOVE IT FORWARD. OF COURSE IN AFRICA AND WHAT WORKS HERE WE HAVE TO GET IT OFF THE GROUND SO THAT HEALTHCARE IS MORE EVENLY DISTRIBUTED. >> WE WILL E ELIMINATE OUR BREAK BUT STILL MEANS WE HAVE TO FOCUS ON WHAT YOU NEED TO APPROVE, DISAPPROVE, MODIFY OR DEFER. I'M SORRY, LET'S KEEP GOING AROUND. WHO WAS NEXT. >> IT SEEMS TO BE U.S. AID PREDICT GRANT SEEMS TO BE KIND OF A MODEL HERE FOR THAT, IT'S IN 30 COUNTRIES. MANY IN AFRICA BUT THEY ARE FOCUSED ON VIRAL DETECTION, ANYTHING TO BE LEARNED OR COUPLE LED WITH U.S. AID, I SEE THAT Z A PARTNER. THAT WHAT -- AS A PARTNER. IS THAT WHAT YOU ARE THINKING? >> WE JUST HAD BILL STEI GER AT OUR BOARD MEET BFERG U CAME HERE. THEY -- BOARD MEETING BEFORE I CAME HERE. THEY SIGNED AN MOU WITH NIH TO COLLABORATE AREAS WE CAN WORK OUT SO THIS WILL BE ON THE TABLE AS WE GO FORWARD. >> THIS IS REALLY VERY INTERESTING. ONE THING THAT I HEARD ABOUT IS CERVICAL CANCER, BUT NEVER HEARD ABOUT HOW TO INTEGRATE WOMEN INTO BIOINFORMATICS ENGINEERING IN AFRICA THROUGH THIS PROCESS SO I WOULD LIKE TO SEE SOME OF THAT INCLUDED INTO THIS& PROPOSAL. HOW WE ARE WILLING TO INTEGRATE IN -- SOCIETY AND ALLOW THEM TO PARTICIPATE IN ALL THIS WONDERFUL OPPORTUNITIES. >> WE TOTALLY AGREE. WE TOTALLY AGREE. THAT WILL BE A FOCUS AS WE GO FORWARD. NIH IS TAKING A HUGE INITIATIVE ON THIS AS WELL. >> CHRISTIAN. >> IT FELT TO ME, MAYBE IT WASN'T EXPLICIT, IT FELT TO ME THERE WAS COMMUNITY ENDPAIJMENT LACKING -- ENGAGEMENT LACKING IN THIS. IT MAY BE IT COMES IN THROUGH THE LC PART BECAUSE THE DESCRIPTIONS WERE MOSTLY ABOUT ETHICS OF DATA SHARING WHICH IS WHAT WE THINK ABOUT HERE BUT SEEMS TO BE A LOT OF POTENTIAL HEALTH OUTCOMES, PUBLIC HEALTH RELATED TO COMMUNITIES, I COULDN'T HELP BUT TACK YOUR EXAMPLE AND MAKE A FLIP -- TAKE YOUR EXAMPLE AND MAKE A COMEDY IN THE SENSE I HEARD ON THE NEWS THE OTHER NIGHT WE HAVE THREE CASES OF TRIPLE E IN MASSACHUSETTS. DON'T GO OUT AND BARBECUE AT SIX O'CLOCK. SO I SAID SCREW THAT I'M GOING OUT, I WANT TO BARBECUE IS BUT I MADE THAT DECISION BUT I COULD AT LEAST GET THAT INFORMATION AND MAKE THAT DECISION. ON THE FLIP SIDE YOU HAVE THIS NICE VIEW OF MOSQUITOES COMING IN AND YOU COULD BE TOLD BE U YOU STILL HAD TO GO OUT SO THE COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT FEELS IT'S LACKING HERE AND MAYBE THAT SHOULD BE BROUGHT IN ONE OF THE PERSPECTIVES A LITTLE BETTER. >> I THINK WE'RE VERY -- I AM PARTICULARLY SENSITIVE TO THAT HAVING EXPERIENCED REJECTION IN BRINGING TECHNOLOGY SPECIFICALLY TO EVERY COAST WHERE I WORKED WITH ENGINEERS AND PHYSICISTS THERE. WE BROUGHT THIS TECHNOLOGY INTO CLINIC AND WE THOUGHT READY TO GO TO ENROLL PATIENTS. WE HAD CONSENT FORMS AND EVERYTHING UNTIL HEAD OF CLINIC SAID NO WAY. THIS IS JUST MY PEOPLE WILL NOT PARTICIPATE IN THIS STUDY. IT WAS A NON-INVASIVE MALARIA DETECTION TECHNOLOGY. SO IT HIT ME, TOOK A WHILE TO UNDERSTAND AND ABSOLUTELY, IT'S VERY MUCH EMBEDDED IN MY CONSCIOUSNESS AS A TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER. THAT'S ABSOLUTELY CRITICAL TO ACCEPTANCE. >> YOU TALKED ABOUT THIS BEING A GREAT TIME WHERE THERE'S A CONFLUENCE BETWEEN TECHNOLOGY, FOUNDATIONS AND MONEY COMING TOGETHER SO THERE'S NEW TECHNOLOGIES THAT ARE BEING CREATED TO ADDRESS THESE ISSUES. IN AFRICA. I WOULD SAY IT'S A GREAT TIME HERE IN THE UNITED STATES FOR ONE REASON. WE TALKED ABOUT UNDERSERVED AREAS, THE MOST UNDERSERVED AREAS HERE IN THE UNITED STATES ARE RURAL AREA WHERE YOU HAVE MANY STATES LIKE IDAHO WHERE YOU MAY HAVE AN AREA YOU ONLY HAVE 20 PEOPLE PER SQUARE MILE. SO THE DISTANCE TO HEALTHCARE IS A HUGE ISSUE AND IT'S AN ISSUE THAT NEEDS TO BE ADDRESSED BY CREATING A DIFFERENT SYSTEM. LET ME QUICKLY I KNOW WE ARE RUNNING OUT OF TIME. WE HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATING SYSTEMS SAY IN INDIA WHERE THEY HAVE THE SAME PROBLEM WITH RESOURCES AND DISTANCE. SO THEY ARE LOOKING AT WAYS OF TAKING LAY PEOPLE AND SUPPLYING THEM WITH AI AND OTHER TOOLS TO ALLOW THEM TO DO PRELIMINARY LEVELS OF DIAGNOSTICS SO THAT YOU CAN FIND BASIC TYPES OF ILLNESSES, DIABETES, SOME LEVELS OF CANCER AND SO FORTH, SO THEY CAN NOW BE REFERRED TO AN AREA WHERE THERE ARE MORE PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. I WANT TO SAY, THIS IS SO NEEDED IN YOUR RURAL AREAS IN THE UNITED STATES SO THAT I WOULD HOPE THAT AS THIS CONTINUES TO GROW, THAT THERE IS A FORMAL CONNECTION TO RURAL ORGANIZATIONS HERE THAT ARE TRYING TO DELIVER HEALTHCARE THERE. NUMBER TWO, WORK WITH INSURANCE COMPANIES FOR A LONG TIME. THEY HAVE VERY STRICT TYPE OF WAYS OF LOOKING AT NEW TECHNOLOGIES BEFORE THEY WILL COVER THEM. THE ROAD IS CHANGING. THE WORLD IS CHANGING NOW SUCH THAT AT LEAST CMS IS ENCOURAGING FOR THE COST OF CARE TO BE THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF PROVIDERS AND THEIR NETWORKS. SO THAT'S A DIFFERENT LEVEL OF DISCRIMINATION, IT'S A DIFFERENT LEVEL OF THINKING. SO THE TIME IS GOING TO COME IN THE NEXT FIVE, TEN YEARS WHERE PROVIDERS OF CARE WILL BE MAKING DECISIONS ON THESE TYPES OF TECHNOLOGY AND WILL NOT NECESSARILY HAVE THE SAME LEVEL OF NEED TO SCRUTINIZE TO THE POINT WHERE YOU ALMOST HAVE TO HAVE YOUR ARM TWISTED TO INVITE IN ANOTHER TECHNOLOGY. THEY WILL INVITE THIS IN BECAUSE ONE, IT IS EFFECTIVE, TWO, IT WORKS WITH THE POPULATION, AND THREE, IT'S LOW COST. THOSE WILL BE THE THREE -- AND IT'S EFFECTIVE. THOSE ARE FOUR THINGS THAT WOULD PROBABLY BE THE MOST IMPORTANT CRITERIA FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF THESE THINGS INTO A HEALTHCARE SYSTEM IN THE NEXT FIVE I WOULD SAY TO TEN YEARS. FORMALIZATION OF THIS KIND OF WORK, INFORMING INTERNAL TO THE UNITED STATES PARTICULARLY IN RURAL AREAS IS REAL IMPORTANT. BUT ALSO RECOGNIZING THAT THE WAY CARE IS BEING PAID FOR IS CHANGING. SO IT WOULD ALLOW THE OPPORTUNITY FOR ADOPTION A LOT EASIER. >> I WOULD SAY, I THINK THAT'S PRESHENT BECAUSE TECHNOLOGIES AND IDEAS DEVELOPED THROUGH THIS WILL HAVE DIRECT ACCESS BACK IN THE UNITED STATES. AS WELL. I THINK IF THINGS LIKE DELIVERY OF BLOOD IN RWANDA TO DISTANT OUTPOSTS WAS PIONEERED IN RWANDA BUT NOW BEING USED IN BALTIMORE AS A DRONE DELIVERY. THE USE OF CELL PHONE TECHNOLOGY THAT EMPOWERS TOGETHER WITH AI THAT EMPOWERS COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS TO NOT ONLY VISIT PEOPLE BUT TO MAKE DIAGNOSES OR TO TELL -- HAVE TELEMEDICINE BACK TO A BACK UP CENTER IS GOING TO BE VERY POWERFUL. THE ISSUES THAT WE HAVE HERE, OF REIMBURSING TELEMEDICINE, ARE THOSE LEGACY TECHNOLOGIES THAT WE HOPE WE CAN -- WE DON'T HAVE IN PLACE SO WE CAN USE THAT AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO UNDERSTAND, BUILD AND DEVELOP SOMETHING EFFECTIVE. >> WE HAVE THREE FOCUSED COMMENTS AT THAT END. >> I WILL TRY TO BE QUICK AND TELL YOU BASED ON WHAT I READ, IN THIS PRESENTATION, FIRST THIS IS ENORMOUSLY EXCITING AND THERE'S GREAT POTENTIAL. THREE THINGS I A. YOU TO THINK ABOUT. ONE IS COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, IT SHOULD BE EXSPLIT. I KNOW IT'S IN EVERYBODY'S MIND BUT BUT IT HAS TO BE WRITTEN INTO THIS THAT COMMUNITIES ARE INVOLVED BECAUSE I OTHERWISE DON'T THINK IT WILL WORK. ANOTHER IS DATA SHARING. AND ACROSS NATIONAL BOUNDARIES, ARE YOU GOING TO GET THE MR FROM RWANDA IF THERE -- WHEN DEVELOPS THAT WOULD BE USEFUL BY OTHER PEOPLE, I THINK THERE'S GOING TO BE A LOT OF ISSUES, NOT JUST WHETHER THEY ARE INSECTS FLYING OVER YOUR COMMUNITY BUT LOOKING AT PRIVACY ISSUES. AND THEN THE LAST THING THAT I CAN'T THINK IS CAN BE UNDERESTIMATED, IS THE IMPORTANCE OF SUSTAINABILITY. AND COMMON FUNDS HAS SUN SET DATES, IT WILL BE GREAT AT THE OUTSET IF METRICS YOU IMMEDIATE IF THE GATES OR WELCOME TRUST WILL SAY YEAH WE'LL PICK IT UP BECAUSE IT WOULD BE SHAME TO DO THIS, DEVELOP IT AND HAVE IT >> WHICH ARE HOPING TO TO BE BRIDGE ACROSS SOME OF THESE VALLEYS OF SUSTAINABILITY. WHERE WE CAN LIVE MORE TRADITIONAL BASIC SCIENCE AN ACTIVITY AND RESEARCH IN AFRICA WITH THE INNOVATORS IN H AFRICA TO HELP THEM FACILITATE THEIR MOVEMENT. >> ALL I'M SAYING IS THE MORE THIS IS EXPLICIT AT THE OUTSET AND PEOPLE AIL GREE IF YOU DO THIS WE'LL DO THIS, THE BETTER IT WILL CONTINUE. >> MY BACKGROUND IS IN LC ISSUES SO I WAS ENCOURAGED TO SEE THE STRONG FRO CUSS ON THAT SET OF ISSUES WITH THIS PROPOSAL. I THINK IN THE GENETICS WORLD AT LEAST THE LC COMPONENT HAS BEEN MOST EFFECTIVE WHEN IT'S SO CALLED EMBEDDED WHERE YOU HAVE THOSE SCHOLARS WORKING FAIRLY DIRECTLY WITH THE SCIENTISTS IN THE OTHER FIELD, THOSE ISSUES ARE MERGING OUT OF FAIRLY GRANULAR CHALLENGES OPPOSED TO MORE GLOBAL CONCEPT DHUL ISSUES. -- CONCEPTUAL ISSUES. AS YOU OUTLINE THE STRUCTURE, IT SEEMED TO SUGGEST THESE WOULD BE INDEPENDENT LC CENTERS AND I ENCOURAGE YOU TO THINK HOW TO EMBED THOSE IN THE OTHER PARTS OF THE HUB. SO THAT THOSE SCHOLARS ARE WORKING QUITE DIRECTLY WITH OTHER COLLEAGUES AND ENGAGING WITH THEM ON A REGULAR BASIS. >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR THAT PRESENTATION. >> PRESS STAR ONE TO CONTINUE WITH THIS CONFERENCE. OTHER WAS YOUR CONFERENCE WILL BE DISCONNECTED IN ONE MINUTE. THANK YOU. YOUR CONFERENCE WILL NOW CONTINUE. >> I HAVE JUST A FEW COMMENTS AND QUESTIONS. NUMBER ONE, THERE ARE MANY MEDICAL SCHOOLS WITH GLOBAL MEDICINE PROGRAMS. AND I WONDERED IF YOU HAD EITHER COMMUNICATED WITH THE AAMC AND THOSE MEDICAL SCHOOLS, THERE ARE SOME THAT HAVE LONG STANDING AND GREAT PROGRAMS, FOR EXAMPLE THE ONE AT HOWARD UNIVERSITY HERE IN THE CITY OR IN WASHINGTON. A FEW BLOCKS OVER, THEY HAVE A TREMENDOUS PROGRAM AND A LOT OF DATA. SO IF YOU CAN COMMUNICATE WITH MANY OF THOSE INSTITUTIONINGS YOU MIGHT LEARN A LOT BUT ALSO HAVE SOME COLLABORATIVE ENDEAVORS. THE NEXT IS THE UNITED STATES MILITARY FORCES. FROM MY MILITARY BACKGROUND, THEY HAVE A LOT OF DIAGNOSTIC AND SURVEILLANCE FOR VIRUSES MOSQUITOES, YOU NAME IT. NOT ONLY DO THEY HAVE SURVEILLANCE AND DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGY BUT THEY HAVE LONG EXISTING SURVEILLANCE DATA FOR MANY REASONS, THE MAIN TO PROTECT TROOPS WHO ARE IN THOSE COUNTRIES. THAT MIGHT BE AN OPPORTUNITY FOR SIGNIFICANT TECHNOLOGY AND COLLABORATION, YOU MIGHT FIND A LOT OF DATA. REGARDING THE CANCER YOU MENTION, THE NCTN CENTERS HERE AT NCI, AND THE ASSOCIATION OF CANCER INSTITUTES, OF THE FUNDED CANCER CENTERS, WILL HAVE TREMENDOUS DATA. FOR EXAMPLE, THERE IS ONE THROUGHOUT MANY CENTERS ON CERVICAL AND BREAST CANCER SCREENING AND POPULATIONS. THAT IS MAWN TAINED AT THE -- MAINTAINED AT THE CDC, DATA, MAINTAINED AT CDC. I HAVE ONE OF THOSE GRANTS. CDC HAS A TREMENDOUS WEALTH OF INFORMATION. NOT ONLY THOSE TWO CANCERS BUT OTHERS. SO I THINK THAT IF WE ARE ABLE TO COLLABORATE WITH MORE INSTITUTES, INSTITUTIONS, AND GROUPS THAT HAVE BEEN DOING THIS FOR A LONG TIME, YOU MIGHT FIND MORE COLLABORATION, MORE SYNERGY, AND OPPORTUNITIES. ONE OF THE THINGS THAT I MUST MENTION IS COLLABORATION WITH COMMUNITIES AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENTS. YOU CAN HAVE TREMENDOUS TECHNOLOGY AND PEOPLE AND SO FORTH AND THE COMMUNITIES REJECTED. SO THAT WOULD BE IMPORTANT. THE EMBASSIES I FIND HERE IN WASHINGTON CAN BE TREMENDOUSLY HELPFUL IN HELPING GET INTO COMMUNITIES IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES. MANY TIMES I FIND THAT PEOPLE DON'T UTILIZE THE COMMUNICATIONS WE HAVE WITH THE EMBASSIES HERE. THE LAST THING I'LL MENTION IS THAT IN SOME OF THE CRIST AND COMMUNITIES WE HAVE -- COUNTRIES AND COMMUNITIES WE HAVE TO BE EXTREMELY CAREFU WITH FRAUD BECAUSE THAT CAN ENTER INTO THE PROGRAM AND LIT ALLEY RUIN IT. SO THOSE ARE JUST SOME OPTIONS. I CAN TALK WITH YOU LATER IF YOU WOULD LIKE ABOUT -- LITERALLY RUIN IT. I CAN TAKE WITH YOU LATER ABOUT SOME OF THESE THINGS, BUT I THINK MAKING SURE THAT WE ARE BREAKING OUR SILOS AND COMMUNICATING WITH OTHER GROUPS READILY AVAILABLE HERE IN THE COUNTRY WHO ARE CURRENTLY AND HAVE BEEN DOING THIS FOR QUITE SOME TIME. >> THANK YOU, EDITH. LET ME GIVE THIS A TRY. I WANT TO SEE WHETHER WE ARE READY FOR A VOTE TO APPROVE THE PROGRAM BUT I WANT TO ADD A CAVEAT. I HAVE A PAGE OF NOTES OF THEIR SUGGESTIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, SUSTAINABILITY, REALISTIC TIME LINES, TRAINING ISSUES, WOMEN, COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, BUT THE GROUP WILL TAKE OUR TRANSCRIPT AND THEY WILL ADDRESS AND THINK ABOUT EVERYTHING THAT YOU SAID AS THEY CONTINUE TO MODEL THE PROGRAM. BUT GIVEN THAT THEY WILL DO THAT, DO I HEAR A MOTION TO APPROVE THE PROGRAM? >> SO MOVED. >> A SECOND? >> SECOND. >> ALL IN FAVOR AYE. >> AYE. >> ALL OPPOSED. >> THANKS ON THE PHONE. ABSTENTIONS? THE PROGRAM IS -- CON STEPT -- CONCEPT IS UNANIMOUSLY APPROVED TO GO FORWARD. >> THANK YOU. >> WE ARE GOING TO GO ON, THIS BRINGS US TO THE SECOND NEW COMMON FUN INITIATIVE ENTITLED COMMON FUND ENGAGING ECOSYSTEM ENGAGING COORDINATING CENTERS. DR. BETSY WILDER DIRECTOR OF ORC AND LAURA KUTKAT FROM DPCPSI WILL PRESENT THE INITIATIVE. TWO COUNCIL MEMBERS KEVIN AND TERRY. BETSY WILL START THEN LAURA. >> SO LAURA IS MOSTLY GOING TO -- SORRY -- OKAY. LAURA WILL WALK YOU THROUGH THIS CONCEPT. WE HAVE BEEN GIVEN TIME FOR AS IF THIS IS A BRAND NEW COMMON FUND PROGRAM BUT IT'S NOT REALLY. SO THIS IS A NEW OPPORTUNITY WITHIN AN EXISTING ACTIVITY. I JUST WANT TO GIVE A LITTLE BIT OF CONTEXT HERE. SO THIS IS AN UNUSUAL INITIATIVE BECAUSE IT'S NOT REALLY WITHIN AN EXISTING PROGRAM. WHAT WE ARE TRYING TO DO HERE IS ADD VALUE TO MANY COMMON FUND PROGRAMS. SO WE HAVE BEEN THINKING ABOUT HOW TO DO THAT MOST EFFECT ACTIVELY. EFFECTIVELY. THE CONTEXT HERE IS THAT THE COMMON FUND SUPPORTS ABOUT A DOZEN LARGE DATA GENERATING EFFORTS. EACH OF THOSE HAS A DATA COORDINATING CENTER, ATTACHED TO IT. WE KNOW THAT THIS IS NOT AN ENTIRELY EFFICIENT WAY TO SUPPORT DATA COORDINATION. THERE ARE REDUNDANCIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THESE COORDINATING CENTERS, THERE ARE LESSONS THAT COULD BE LEARNED AND CONVEYED MORE EFFECTIVELY. BUT MORE IMPORTANTLY, PERHAPS ARE THE SCIENTIFIC LOST OPPORTUNITIES. WE BUILD THESE LARGE DATA SETS, THERE'S NOT REALLY CURRENTLY A GOOD WAY TO ENTEROPERATE ACROSS DATA SETS, THIS HAS BEEN A CONCERN. IT'S CERTAINLY A CONCERN NIH WIDE AS WELL. THE PUSH TO MAKE NIH DATA SETS FINDABLE ACCESSIBLE AND ENTEROPERABLE AND REUSABLE HAS BEEN A GROWING CONCERN OVER THE PAST FEW YEARS. TOWARDS THIS END IN 2017 WE THROUGH THE COMMON FUND BEGAN TO SUPPORT A SERIES OF PILOT PROJECTS THAT WERE INTENDED TO ADDRESS TECHNICAL CHALLENGES AROUND MAKING DATA FAIR. SO WE REFER TO THIS AS THE DATA COMMONS PILOT PROJECT AND THROUGH THAT ENDEAVOR, WE SUPPORTED A COORDINATING CENTER THAT WORKED WITH A SERIES OF TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPERS THAT REALLY THINKING TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS FOR FAIR. ALSO WITHIN THAT EFFORT, THE NIH DESIGNATED THREE HIGH-VALUE DATA SETS FOR THIS GROUP OF PILOT PROJECTS TO WORK WITH. SO THEY WERE CERTAINLY INVOLVED IN THE EFFORT BUT THEY WERE A LITTLE BIT PERIPHERAL. AND CHRIS STEN PROBABLY HAS STRONG OPINIONS ABOUT THAT BECAUSE SHE TAKES US THROUGH THE DATA SETS BUT THROUGH THAT PROCESS, YEAR LONG PILOTS WE DID DEVELOP SOME PILOT TECHNOLOGIES THAT I THINK ARE USEFUL, ONE OF THEM BEING A METRIC FOR FAIRNESS OF DATA. AND OTHER LESSONS LEARNED. AT THE END OF THE YEAR THE COORDINATING CENTER CONTINUES BUT AT THE SAME TIME THE OFFICE OF DATA SCIENCE STRATEGY WAS BEING STOOD UP AND SO THE BROADER HIPPOWIDE STRATEGIES MOVED TO ODSS. THIS ALLOWED US AN TO REFOCUS WHAT WE WERE TRYING TO DO WITH THE COMMON FUND SO WE ASKED OUR -- WE BEGAN TO REFER OUR EFFORTS HERE AS THE COMOWN -- COMMON FUND ECOSYSTEM. WE ASKED THEM TO STEP BACK AND REFOCUS IN TWO WAYS. AND ONE WAY WAS TO START TO ENGAGE THE DATA COORDINATING CENTERS FOR DIRECTLY TO GET THEIR INPUT HOW TO MAKE DATA FAIR, WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES, WHAT ARE THE OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTEROPERABILITY, HOW WOULD THAT ADD VALUE TO THE SCIENCE. AND THEN ALSO WHAT WILL BE THE STANDING REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMON FUND DATA SETS TO ADDRESS THE SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES MOVING FORWARD. WHAT ARE THE COMMON CHALLENGE ACROSS DATA COORDINATING CENTERS THAT CAN -- THAT WE MIGHT ADDRESS TO ADD VALUE TO THESE. SO LAURA, WE ASK THE COORDINATING CENTER TO DEVELOP -- THINK ABOUT THIS AND DEVELOP A REPORT WHICH THEY DID IN JULY. LAURA WILL TELL YOU ABOUT THAT. THE CONCEPT WE ARE PUTTING FORWARD TO YOU TODAY EMERGED FROM THIS PROCESS. IT HAS BEEN QUITE A THOUGHTFUL ENDEAVOR TO GET TO THIS POINT INVOLVING A LOT OF PEOPLE FOR QUITE A LONG TIMING BUT LOOK FORWARD TO YOUR COMMENTS AN INPUT. >> THANK YOU, BETSY. THE LAST TIME YOU HEARD AN'T THE COMMON FUND DATA ECOSYSEM IT WAS FROM DR. VIVIAN BENOZZI HERE IN MAY TO INTRODUCE WHAT THE COMMON FUND DATA ECOSYSTEM IS. WHAT IT'S DOING, ITS GOALS, WHO IS PERFORMING, THE WORK AND THE TIME LINE. SO MY GOAL TODAY IS TO ULTIMATELY INTRODUCE YOU TO A CONCEPT FOR YOUR CONSIDERATION. BUT PROVIDE SOME ADDITIONAL BACKGROUND MATERIAL IN SOME LEVEL OF DETAIL TO INFORM YOUR DELIBERATIONS. WHAT IS THE COMMON FUND DATA ECHO SYSTEM, A -- ECOSYSTEM, MAKING MORE USEFUL ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER DATA SETS. THE ACTIVITIES LARGELY FALL INTO FOUR BINS. INFRASTRUCTURE, COLLABORATION, END USER TRAINING AN SUSTAINABILITY. THOSE ARE THE FOUR MAIN ACTIVITIES. IN DOING SO WE HAVE ROLES FOR THREE AREAS. I WILL DESCRIBE THOSE THE STARS HALF TO A LINE SO ONE STAR THAT NEEDED TO ALIGN WHICH IS MOVING IN THAT DIRECTION IS THE CLOUD ENVIRONMENT. SO THE CLOUD ENVIRONMENT GOOGLE AMAZON AINSURE OTHERS OFFERS OPPORTUNITIES NOT ONLY FOR STORAGE COMPUTING SPACE BUT ALSO FOR SHARING DATA MORE BROADLY BEYOND ONE SPECIFIC GEOGRAPHIC AREA. THE SECOND STAR ALIGNING IS IS THE COMMON FUN DATA ECOSYSTEM, THAT'S THE TALENT SET UP& TECHNICAL WISE ENGAGEMENT WISE TO HELP EXAMINE THE FAIRNESS ATTRIBUTES. FINDIBILITY, ACCESSIBILITY, INTEROPERABILITY AND REUSABILITY. SO THAT'S THE COMMON FUND DATA ECOSYSTEM THAT'S WHAT VIVIAN DESCRIBED IN MAY. THIS THIRD COMPONENT THAT'S THE STAR WE'RE GOING TO ASK YOU TO ALIGN TO OUR CONCEPT INVOLVE IT IS DATA. THE THE BEST WAY TO GET THAT DATA TO WORK WITH THAT SYSTEM BECAUSE THAT IS THE CRUX IS TO ENGAGE THE DATA COORDINATING CENTERS. THEY ARE THE EXPERTS IN THE DATA. SO THAT IS WHAT WE ARE ASKING YOU TO THINK THROUGH TODAY. WHEN VIVIAN WAS HERE IN MAY SHE WENT THROUGH EXAMPLES WHY WE ARE HERE, WHY WE ARE ASKING TO LOOK AT THIS. THE WAY THAT DATA ARE STORED AND MANAGE WND NIH IS UNIQUE TO OUR SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMS. THEY ARE THERE TO SATISFY CERTAIN SCIENTIFIC PER SUITS. LESS SO IS THOUGHT GIVEN TO HOW THE DATA AND THOSE TOOLS MIGHT BE USED 15, 20 YEARS DOWN THE ROAD. THE GOOD NEWS AS I MENTION, THE FIRST STAR THAT WE TALKED ABOUT, IS THAT THE CLOUD IS ENABLING NIH PROGRAMS NOT ONLY FOR STORAGE AND COMPUTATIONAL PURPOSES TO BE STUCK IN AN ENVIRONMENT, THAT ENABLES THAT BUT ALSO ALLOWS THAT INFORMATION TO BE SHARED ACROSS GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS. THAT'S THE FIRST STAR THAT IS ALIGNING DUE TO SOME ACTIVITIES GOING ON, MAINLY STRIDES IS ONE EXAMPLE OF THAT. THE OTHER STAR ALIGNED SECOND DEGREE THE FAIRNESS PRINCIPLES. FAIRNESS PRINCIPLES. SO JUST BECAUSE DATA ARE IN THE CLOUD, NOT MEAN RESEARCHER IS ABLE TO FIND THAT DATA. IF THAT RESEARCHER COULD FIND THAT DATA, IT DOESN'T NECESSARILY MEAN THAT THAT RESEARCH WILL HAVE ACCESS TO IT. THERE ARE VALID REASONS FOR ACCESS RESTRICTION, CONTROLLED ACCESS DATA IS AN EXAMPLE, BUT ALSO NON-CONTROLLED ACCESS DATA BUT THAT CARRIES ACCESS LIMITATION FOR A RESEARCHER. BUT ASSUMING THE RESEARCHER CAN FIND AND ACCESS THAT INFORMATION DOESN'T MEAN THAT DATA SET WILL INTERPRAIT WITH ANOTHER -- OPERATE WITH ANOTHER COMMON FUN PROGRAM DATA SET THAT HOLDS SIMILAR TYPES OF DATA. TO WEAVE THOSE TOGETHER TAKES TALENT. INTEROPERABILITY TAKES TIME. THAT DOESN'T MEAN THAT THAT ANALYSIS WOULD BE ABLE TO BE REDONE IN THE FUTURE, IT'S NOT REUSED NECESSARILY BY SOMEONE ELSE SAME WAY IN THE FUTURE THAT,s THE REUSABILITY THAT I WAS TALKING ABOUT. LARGELY, THIS AND IT'S A BIT OVERSIMPLIFICATION BUT THAT'S WHAT THE COMMON FUN DATA ECOSYSTEM THAT AWARDEE SL WORKING TOWARD. THE THIRD STAR, I WANT TO REALLY TALK THROUGH THE DATA COORDINATING CENTERS FUNDAMENTALLY WE NEED THE DATA, YOU NEED THE EXPERTS, INVOLVED IN THAT DATA. BUT IN ORDER TO EN ENABLE INTEROPERABILITY YOU NEED MORE THAN ONE DATA CENTER E YOU HAVE TO HAVE TWO TO START THE TANGO. THAT'S WHERE THEY COME INTO PLAY AND WHAT WE'RE GOING TO BE ASKING YOU ABOUT TODAY. SO THE GOALS OF THE DMON -- COMMON FUN DATA ECOSYSTEM TO MAKE THEM MORE USEFUL ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH OTHERS BUT ALONG THE WAY WE HOPE TO ACCOMPLISH A FEW OTHER GOALS. BETTY MENTIONED BEST -- BETSY MENTIONED BEST PRACTICES FOR NEW PROGRAMS SO IMAGINE BEING ABLE TO PROVIDE A TOOL KIT OR A GUIDE BOOK TO NEW PROGRAMS AND SAY IF YOU DO SAY THESE TEN THINGS, THAT WILL HELP YOUR DATA BE USEFUL 10, 20 YEARS, AFTER THAT COMMON FUND PROGRAM ENDS. IT WILL ALSO FUNDAMENTALLY ENABLE US TO ASK SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS ACROSS THE DATA SETS, BETSY MENTIONED HARD TO DO THAT NOW IF AT ALL. THAT'S ONE OF OUR GOALS, WHERE YOUTH CASES ARE GOING TO COME INTO PLAY WHEN WE ASK FOR YOUR CONCEPT CLEARANCE. IT WILL ALSO HELP INCREASE THE REUSE OF DATA AND TOOLS AFTER A PROGRAM ENDS. THIS GETS TO THE SUSTAINABILITY PART WE ARE WILL GOING TO DISCUSS IN A MINUTE BUT INCORPORATING OLD DATA TO NEW PROGRAMS, WHERE THE FAIR PRINCIPLES COME INTO PLAY. SOME CREATED YEARS DECADES AGO, DIDN'T NECESSARILY CONTEMPLATE A USE BEYOND ITS TIME. THOSE ARE THE GOALS OF THE COMMON FUND DATA CO-SYSTEM. AND -- ECOSYSTEM. THE CLOUD IS ONLY PART OF THE SOLUTION. SO THE TIME VIVIAN MENTIONED WHEN SHE WAS HERE DISCUSSES WHERE WE HAVE BEEN, WHERE WE ARE TODAY AND WHERE WE HOPE TO HEAD. SHE WAS HERE IN MAY AND SINCE THAT TIME AS BETSY MENTIONED OUR ECOSYSTEM TEAM HAS HAS BEEN BUSY DISCUSSING, ACTUALLY UNDERTAKING A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT WITH FOUR DATA COORDINATING CENTERS, KIDS FIRST, GTECKS, MICROBIOME AND LINKS TO OBTAIN A DEEP UNDERSTANDING WHAT THEY NEED IN ORDER TO HAVE SCIENTIFIC DATA SET MORE USEFUL ALOBE AND IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER DATA SETS. AND THEY PROVIDED A REPORT OF PROGRESS. SO TODAYLY PROVIDE YOU WITH AN UPDATE ON THAT REPORT WHETHER'S FOUNDATIONAL TO OUR CONCEPT. AND BEYOND TODAY WHAT THE COMMON FUND DATA ECOSYSTEM IS ROUNDING OUT THEIR INITIAL SET OF ASSESSMENTS WITH ADDITIONAL DATA COORDINATING CENTERS BUT IN ADDITION, SOME NEXT STEPS ARE DEPENDET ON WHAT YOU DECIDE TO DO WITH OUR EXON SEPTEMBER. SO LET ME PROVIDE YOU WITH SOME INFORMATION TO HELP INFORM YOUR DELIBERATIONS. THE REPORT WAS PROVIDED TO US IN JULY AFTER THE AWARDEES HAD DEEP DIVES WITH FOUR COORDINATING CENTERS. I WOULD LIKE TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE AUTHOR, (INDISCERNIBLE) PARTICIPATING DATA COORDINATING CENTERS AND AGAIN THERE WERE FOUR OF THEM. WHAT NIH ASKED IS THE AWARDEES THINGS AND GOT MUCH MORE THAN SO WE ASKED THEM, TO DO AN INITIATING CENTERS. SO TO LOOK INFORMATION READILY AVAILABLE OBJECT WEB OR SOME OTHER WAY, DISEAT TYPE SIZE STORAGE USAGE USERS USE CASES AVAILABLE TRAINING RESOURCES, DATA ACCESS INFORMATION, WE ALSO RAN AN INITIAL FAIRNESS SCAN USING THE TOOL BETSY MENTIONED ON THOSE PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE DATA SETS. IN ADDITION WE ASKED THEM TO TOUCH BASE WITH AS MANY DATA COORDINATING CENTERS AS THEY COULD IN A PRETTY TIGHT TIME FRAME, THEY WERE ABLE TO GET TO FOUR. THAT WAS A REALLY PERSONAL ENGAGEMENT. HOURS LONG AND SOME TWO DAYS LONG. TO ACTUALLY WALK THROUGH YOUTH CASES, WHAT DO THE END USERS USE THE DATA FOR, HOW DO THEY CONSUME IT, WHAT TOOLS DO THEY USE, WHAT TRAINING DO THEY HAVE AVAILABLE. WHAT ARE THE TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS AS PART OF THEIR DATA. DO THEY HAVE IMPLICATIONS OF CLOUD USE, HUMAN SUBJECTS CONCERNS, SECURITY RELATED AWE THEY WANTCATION, DATA MIGRATION -- AUTHENTICATION. THEY OFFERED MORE THAN THAT. WHICH I THIS I IS THE MOST COMPELLING PARTS WERE THE GAME CHANGERS, THE GAME CHANGERS TO ME WERE PRETTY EXCITING TO READ ABOUT. THESE RR IDEAS THAT -- WERE IDEAS FROM THE COORDINATING CENTERS WHEN ASKED HOW WOULD YOU -- WHAT WILL YOU DO IF YOU COULD SIGNIFICANTLY ADVANCE SCIENCE, HOW WOULD YOU DO SOMETHING WITH YOUR DATA SET IN ORDER TO MAKE THAT HAPPEN? WHAT IS NEEDED TO REDUCE BARRIERS AND IMPROVE CAPABILITIES THAT IS WHAT WE GOT. I WILL GO OVER THE GAME CHANGERS BECAUSE THEY WERE PRETTY EXCITING. THEY BELONG TO THE FOUR BINS EARLIER MENTIONED, INFRASTRUCTURE, COLLABORATION TRAINING AND SUSTAINABILITY. INFRASTRUCTURE TALK CLOUD STORAGE BUT MORE INVOLVED IN THAT BUT CLOUD STORAGE IS NECESSARY, NOT SUFFICIENT BUT IT'S VERY IMPORTANT. WE HAVE TWO DATA SETS. IN THIS FIRST ANALYSIS. THAT ARE NOT IN THE CLOUD. THEY ARE ON LOCAL SERVERS SO WE HAVE THAT TO CONTEND WITH. NO MATTER WHAT, EVEN IF ON THE CLOUD MORE STRUCTURE NEEDED TO MAKE LINKAGE BETWEE DATA. IN COLLABORATION I BROKE INTO A COUPLE DIFFERENT AREAS, COLLABORATION FROM THE PEOPLE PERSPECTIVE IS TO GET PEOPLE IN THE SAME ROOM, TO TALK BEST PRACTICE, TALK ABOUT THE BARRIERS AND CHALLENGES, IT TAKES AT LEAST TWO TO TANGO WHEN IT COMES TO DATA SET INTEROPERABILITY. THE TECHNICAL ASPECT OF COLLABORATION, IS ALSO IMPORTANT. SO THE DATA COORDINATING CENTERS THAT WE SPOKE WITH VERY MUCH WANTED AND WERE VERY MOTIVATED TO HAVE THEIR DATA SETS INTEROPERATE WITH OTHER DATA SETS BUT THEY WERE GOING TO BE REAL TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO GET TO THAT POINT. HARMONIZATION IS PAN EXAMPLE. -- AB EXAMPLE. USE -- AN EXAMPLE. USER TRAINING WAS ALSO RAISED AS A CONCERN AMONG THE DATA COORDINATING CENTERS. THEY ALL HAVE END USER TRAINING BUT THERE ARE NOT ENOUGH RESOURCES TO ACTUALLY ANSWER ALL NEEDS SO SOME OF THE NEEDS ARE HOW TO UNCOMPRESS A FILE. THERE ARE OTHER NEEDS SUCH AS HAVING CLINICAL RESEARCHERS USING BIOINFORMATICS TOOLS AND YOU HAVE BIOINFORMAT CYSTS TRYING TO ANSWER CLINICAL QUESTIONS. SO END USER TRAINING WAS A BIG NEED EXPRESSED BY THESE GROUPS AND IMAGINE THIS NEED WOULD GET BIGGER WHEN DATA SETS ARE USED MORE BROADLY. AND INTEROPERATING. THAT WAS ANOTHER NEED THEY HAD. SUSTAINABILITY, I'M GLAD IT CAME UP THIS TIME AND CAME UP IN MAY. CONCERNS OVERLONG TERM VIABILITY OF DATA SETS. SO I'M GOING TO FOCUS ON THAT, THERE WAS A POINT MADE TODAY AND ALSO ON MAY. SO LET ME -- SORRY THIS PICTURE IS KIND OF TINY. I HOPE YOU CAN SEE IT. THESE ARE SELECT COMMON FUND PROGRAMS WITH THEIR BEGINNING DATES SHOWN AND NATURAL END DATE OVER HERE. WE ARE BASICALLY HERE AT THE 2020, THAT'S POINTING WHERE I THINK IT'S POINTING. WE HAVE HMP WHICH IS ENDED ALREADY, THAT'S THE SERVERS ARE DUE TO BE COMMISSIONED IN THE WINTERTIME. LINKS HAS ONLY FEW MORE MONTHS OF FUNDING AND THEN WE HAVE OTHERS THAT WILL FOLLOW. BUT IN TERMS OF SUSTAINABILITY MODELS, IF ANYONE DOES SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT HERE OR ACTUALLY RUNS A PROGRAM LIKE THAT, SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWS A LIFE CYCLE APPROACH. THERE ARE DIFFERENT MODELS TO THAT, SOME MODELS ARE FROM THE PLANNING PHASE OF DEVELOPMENT, TO OPERATIONS, MAINTENANCE, THE MORE COMPREHENSIVE MODELS FOR SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT EXTEND WAY TO DISPOSITIONS SO WHEN YOU DECOMMISSION A PRODUCT, WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO RESOURCES YOU SELECT COLLECTED. SO THE THOUGHT WAS A SUSTAINABILITY MODEL FOR DATA THAT FOLLOWS A BIRTH TO GRAVE SUSTAINABILITY LIFE CYCLE MODEL. SO THAT WAS THE THOUGHT BUT THERE ARE DIFFERENT ROLES FOR PEOPLE. THE COMMON FUND DATA ECOSYSTEM FOLKS, PROPOSE IF UP FRONT A NEW PROGRAM COULD HAVE TEN THINGS THEY CAN DO TO MAKE THEIR DATA SUSTAINABLE IN THE LONG RUN. WHAT WOULD THOSE TEN THINGS LOOK LIKE, HOW TO STORE THE DATA, HOW TO DESCRIBE THE DATA, SO IT MADE SENSE GOING FORWARD. IF THERE IS A STEWARDSHIP MODEL THAT NEEDS TO BE FOLLOWED THEY CAN DO IT AND MAKE IT MORE SIMPLE. FROM SO THAT WAS THE LONG EMPHASIS ON SUSTAINABILITY BUT I WANTED TO MAKE SURE TO COVER THAT, BECAUSE IT WAS A BIG EMPHASIS ON THE REPORT. SO THE REPORTED FIVE RECOMMENDATIONS, I WANT TO GO OVER TWO. MORE IN DEPTH BECAUSE THEY ARE THE FOUNDATION OF THE CONCEPT. THE TWO TO COVER ARE THE DCC NEEDED INVESTMENT FOR ITSELF AND ALSO TO PARTICIPATE IN THE COMMON FUND DATA ECOSYSTEM, IT'S ACROSS TALKING EFFORT. SO INDIVIDUALLY, THE DATA COORDINATING CENTERS END OF LIFE CYCLE SUPPORT IS ONE OF THE THINGS THAT CAME UP IN THE REPORT. AS I MENTIONED BEFORE WE HAVE TWO THAT ARE NOT IN THE CLOUD ENVIRONMENT. FUNDING AND OPPORTUNITIES TO PARTICIPATE TO PARTICIPATE IN THIS ECOSYSTEM. GTEX WAS A PARTICIPANT. THE FUNDING THEM TO PROVIDE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION WOULD BE HELPFUL. IN AUDITION THEY WERE ALL INTERESTED IN TARGETED TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES, WE SAW SOME TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES THAT ACTUALLY WERE CROSS CUTTING. SO WE WOULD BE INTERESTED IN THAT AS WELL. AS FAR AS THE CROSS DCC INVESTMENT GOES, THE THOUGHT WAS TO HAVE DCCs ENGAGE IN JOINT EXERCISES WHERE THEY PROPOSE A PLAN HOW THEY ARE GOING TO MAKE DATA SETS INTEROPERABLE SO THAT CROSS DCC INVESTMENT WAS AN AREA WE WERE HOPING TO GET FEEDBACK ON TODAY. THAT INVESTMENT WOULD ALSO INCLUDE INTEROPERATION BETWEEN DATA SETS AND OTHER COLLABORATION OPPORTUNITIES BUT ALSO INFRASTRUCTURE REUSE WITH TOOLS. THE REPORT INCLUDED THREE ADDITIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS, THESE ARE MORE TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES THE ECOSYSTEM IS WORKING ON, META DATA FAIRNESS ENGAGEMENT WITH OTHER DATA COORDINATING CENTERS. THEY ARE ALSO LOOKING FOR TRANSFORMATIVE ACTIVITIES AUTHENTICATION AUTHORIZATION IS ONE OF THOSE. SO THAT LONG WINDED INTRODUCTION BRINGS ME TO THE CONCEPT THAT WE WANT TO INTRODUCE TODAY. (OFF MIC) IS THAT BETTER? OKAY. SORRY. SO THE CONCEPT IS TARGETED NEEDS COMMON FUND DATA COORDINATING CENTERS TO ESTABLISH THE COMMON FUND DATA ECOSYSTEM. THE THIRD STAR IN THE ALIGNMENT THAT WE NEED. THE GOAL WOULD BE TO SUPPORT DATA COORDINATING CENTERS ON THINGS WE JUST TALKED ABOUT. TO EXPAND THE SCIENCE, IT CAN BE CONDUCTED WITH DATA SET ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH ANOTHER DATA SET. THE THOUGHT IS IT WOULD BE A TARGETED LIMITED COMPETITION OPEN TO COMMON FUND DATA COORDINATING CENTERS SO THEY CAN ENGAGE MORE FULLY WITH THE COMMON FUND DATA ECOSYSTEM. WE WERE THINKING THE INITIAL DURATION WOULD BE THREE YEARS, AFTER THAT TIME COME BACK. BUT WE EXPECT TO RESOLICIT APPLICATIONS IF NEW PROGRAMS GO FORWARD. THE BUDGETS ARE EXPECTED TO VARY. NATURALLY WE ARE NOT QUITE SURE WHAT THEY WILL COME IN LOOK LIKE BUT ESTIMATED AT 250,000 PER YEAR PER AWARD. SO THAT IS THE COMMON SEPTEMBER WE ARE INTERESTED IN TODAY, THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME. YIER >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, LAURA. OUR TWO DISCUSSANTS KEVIN AND TERRY. >> KEVIN JOHNSON VANNED BUILT. I THINK THE CONCEPT -- VANDERBILT. THE CONCEPT OF TRYING TO GET DCCs TO WORK TOGETHER THEORETICALLY IS VERY EXCITING. I HAVE A REASONABLY HIGH DEGREE OF ENTHUSIASM WITH A TINY BIT OF SKEPTICISM, THE SKEPTICISM WHERE ALL DATA COORDINATING CENTERS ARE ABOVE AVERAGE. THAT WAS A JOKE. I THINK THE THOUGHT IS I'M E NOT SURE HOW GOOD THEY ARE BECAUSE I DON'T KNOW IF THEY WERE DESIGNED DATA COORDINATING CENTERS TO THINK ABOUT INTEROPERABILITY. THEY WERE PROBABLY DESIGNED FOR OTHER THINGS. I WAS LOOKING TO FIND OUT WHO WAS ACTUALLY IN THE CFDCC TO SEE WHETHER IT WOULD ADD STRENGTH TO WHAT THE DATA COORDINATING CENTERS MIGHT BE BRINGING IN. SO I THINK THE CHALLENGE IN THIS ONE IS GOING TO BE WE CAN APPROVE A CONCEPT BUT THE CHALLENGE IS SELECTING DATA COORDINATING CENTERS THAT HAVE TRULY DRIVING PROBLEMS THAT WOULD WARRANT THE LEVEL OF INTEROPERABILITY THE COORDINATING CENTER FOR THE ECOSYSTEM WOULD AGREE IS IMPORTANT. IF YOU FOLLOW THAT, IT'S LITTLE COMPLEX. INTEROPERABILITY FOR INTEROPERABILITY SAKE MAY NOT GET ANYWHERE. IT'S ABOUT WHICH DATA ELEMENTS THEY DECIDED TO STANDARDIZE. WHAT THEY DECIDED TO STANDARDIZE THEM AND FOR WHAT PURPOSE. YOU ARE ESSENTIALLY TALKING ABOUT NOT JUST A SECONDARY USE OF THEIR DATA BUT POTENTIALLY TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY USE AS YOU DO THIS. SO THAT'S A LARGE CONCERN BUT I DON'T KNOW HOW TO SOLVE IT WITHOUT TRYING THIS. AND I THINK THAT THIS COULD JUST BE VERY HIGH RISK HIGH REWARD WORK FOR THE AMOUNT OF MONEY YOU ARE PUTTING IN, I DON'T THINK IT'S THAT MUCH MONEY. THAT WAS MY REALLY ONLY CONCERN, I LIKE THE CONCEPT, I WAS JUST NOT COMPLETELY SURE I KNEW WHAT THE DCCs WOULD ACTUALLY DO AND HOW TO MAKE SURE THAT THAT ACTUALLY MOVES US FORWARD IN A WAY SCALABLE. >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. TEAR RHODE ISLAND >> -- TERRY. >> DISPL I AGREE WITH WHAT DAVID SAID. STAR ONE SEEMS DATA MANAGEMENT AND A LOT OF THAT IS OCCURRING IN MANY DIFFERENT PLACES. IT IS THE DATA COORDINATING CENTERS THAT ARE CRITICAL AND IS THE FOCUS REALLY ON NIH DATA COMMONS OR IS THIS SPREAD OUT TO OTHER INSTITUTIONS? THAT WASN'T CLEAR TO ME. Q. AT THIS TIME'S COMMON FUND DATA COORDINATING CENTERS WE ARE TRYING TO LOOP INTO THIS. IS THAT -- WHERE ARE YOU ASKING WHAT THE SCOPE -- YEAH. SO WE ARE WANTING TO WORK WITH COMMON FUND DATA SETS REALLY AS A -- IN THINKING THAT THIS MAY BE USEFUL AND EXTRAPOLATABLE MORE BROADLY. BUT AT THE MOMENT THIS IS A FOCUS ON COMMON FUND DATA. >> I AGREE WITH DAVID IN THE SENSE THAT I THINK WE ABSOLUTELY HAVE TO DO THIS. I KNOW SOME OF THE DATA COORDINATING CENTERS AND HOW ACTIVE THEY ARE AND WHAT THEY BRING TO THE TABLE, I DO THINK THERE WILL BE SOME GOOD THINGS THAT COME OUT OF IT, IF IT ISN'T WE WILL HAVE A BUNCH OF DATA SETS WE CAN'T DO ANYTHING ABOUT. >> RISK AND CUTTING EDGE. WE NEED TO DO IT. >> I WOULD JUST ADD THAT SO PART OF WHAT WE ARE TRYING TO UNDERSTAND IS WHICH OF OUR DATA COORDINATING CENTERS WANT TO BE INVOLVED IN THIS. SO IT MAY BE THAT THOSE THAT REALLY DON'T SEE THEMSELVES AS WORKING IN THIS SPACE MAY NOT SUBMIT A PLAN. WE WILL BE ASKING FOR PLANS FROM OUR DATA COORDINATING CENTERS, WHAT DO YOU THINK THE OPPORTUNITIES ARE FOR YOUR DATA TO INTEROPERATE WITH OTHER COMMON FUND DATA SETS, WHAT DO YOU THINK THE CHALLENGES ARE, WHAT ARE YOUR NEEDS THAT MAYBE SPECIFIC TO YOUR DATA SET BUT ALSO THAT MAYBE IN COMMON. WE ARE ASKING FOR SORT OF AN OPT IN APPROACH FOR THE DATA COORDINATING CENTERS. WE WILL HAVE A REVIEW OF THIS. SO IF THEY PUT TOGETHER A PLAN THAT'S NOT VERY COMPELLING, THAT WILL PRESUMABLY COME OUT IN REVIEW. >> LET'S OPEN UP FOR QUESTIONS. WE'LL GO THIS WAY AND KEEP GOING. RICK YOU ARE FIRST. >> I REVIEWED THE CONCEPT LAST TIME WITH ANDY. THE RESERVATIONS THAT KEVIN BROUGHT UP WERE EXACTLY WHAT WERE -- WHAT WAS THERE IN THE FIRST PLACE, IT'S JUST NOT CLEAR WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN, WHETHER IT NEEDS TO BE CENTRALIZED OR NOT. JUST SEEMS LIKE A CENTRALIZED EFFORT TO BRING THIS TOGETHER MIGHT BE A LITTLE BIT MORE USEFUL THAN HAVING THE DATA CENTERS TRY TO ANTICIPATE WHAT THE INTEROPERABILITY WITH OTHERS ARE BY CONTACTING THEM, MORE IMPORTANTLY WHAT THE USERS GROUPS ON THE OUTSIDE THAT THEY HAVEN'T ANTICIPATED ARE AND HOW THEY MIGHT INTERACT. SO I THINK THE IDEA WE NEED TO DO THIS IS REALLY GREAT. I'M JUST TRYING TO WRESTLE WITH IS THIS GOING TO DO WHAT IT'S SUPPOSEDDED TO DO OR NOT AND I'M NOT SURE. >> ONE OF THE DCC SO I CAN'T 'ALLY -- BUT I CAN SHED HEIGHT ON HERE, IF WE GO BACK TO THE ORIGINAL PIE HOT PROJECT THE CONCERNS WERE WELL-FOUNDED AND THEY WERE OUR CONCERNS TOO, WE BROUGHT ALL THIS OUTSIDE EFFORT IN. THE DATA SETS THEY WERE NOT NECESSARILY COMMON FUND, THESE RESTRICTED HERE. BUT THEY WERE ARBITRARY DATA SETS IN THE SENSE. AND SOME JELLED, SOME DIDN'T BUT WE HAD NO DRIVING SCIENTIFIC NEED TO ADDRESS A LOT OF THE THE THANKS WE WERE TRYING TO ADDRESS IN THAT PILOT PROJECT. AND AS A DATA CENTER AND GROUP OF SCIENTISTS WHO UNDERSTAND OUR DATA WE KEPT SAYING HANG ON, THAT DOESN'T MAKE SENSE, DOESN'T MAKE SENSE. AND THEN THE NEXT MEETING WE WOULD SAY THE SAME THING. SO THIS WAS A STEP BACK FROM THAT. ACKNOWLEDGMENT THAT YOU ARE RIGHT, WHAT'S THE POINT OF HARMONIZING THIS DATA OR TRYING TO ENTEROPERATE BETWEEN THAT. AS THESE GUYS SAID, THEY CAME TO SPEAK TO SEVERAL DATA CENTERS, EACH OF US SAID WHAT ARE YOUR LIMITATIONS, SUSTAINABILITY IS A HUGE LIMITATION BUT HIS INTEROPERABILITY USEFUL AND ABSOLUTELY, WE KNOW OUR USERS WANT IT. I KNOW MY USER COMMUNITY BETTER THOUSAND OF THEM AND THEY SHOOT QUESTIONS AT US EVERY DAY. AND WE HAVE GOT SOFTWARE ENGINEERS, BIOINFOR MA TITIONS AND MYSELF ANSWERING THOSE. THE THEME WE CAME TO, IF WE ARE LIMITED TO THE SCOPE OF COMMON FUND DATA SETS WHAT DOES THIS INTEROPERABILITY MEAN? ARE THERE THINGS YOU WOULD LIKE TO INTEROPERATE WITH? THE ANSWER IS YES. THERE ARE SOME OF THESE WHERE THE COMMON FUND IS SO DIVERSE IT DOESN'T MAKE SENSE. I'LL SAY NO NOT THAT ONE BUT THESE THREE WHERE IT'S MY UNDERSTANDING WE HAVE THE SAME TYPES OF DATA, AND THEY PROBABLY VERY NON-INTEROPERABLE RIGHT NOW, WOULD BE VERY USE. I'M NOT VERY RESOURCED TO DO THAT BUT IF I HAD A LITTLE RESOURCES AND IF THAT CENTER HAD RESOURCES AND I KNOW THIS ONE COMING DOWN THE LINE HAS SIMILAR DATA, WE COULD ABSOLUTELY ACHIEVE THESE TYPES OF GOALS AND DO THAT. WE ARE RESOURCE LIMITED TO DO IT NOW, A LOT OF US HAVE SIMILAR DATA TYPES BUT I DON'T KNOW WHAT THE DATA TYPES ARE, HOW MANY THERE ARE, WHAT THE CIRCUMSTANCES ARE, SO IF THERE'S ANOTHER DCC WILLING TO STEP UP TO THE TABLE, WITH THE DATA SET I THINK IS INTERESTING WE COULD ABSOLUTELY FORGE THAT FORWARD BECAUSE WE UNDERSTAND THOSE BETTER THAN ANYTHING ELSE. SO I DO THINK THIS GROUND UP APPROACH HAS BEST OPPORTUNITIES SUCCEEDING AND PUSHING FORWARD AND MANY OF US SAID WE DON'T KNEAD TO HARMONIZE X, Y, Z BUT IF I WANT TO ANALYZE EXPRESSION DATA FROM KIDS FIRST WITH GTEX I CAN TELL YOU THEY ARE ON DIRVETS GENE MODELS AND MAPPING THEM WILL BE A PAIN SO LIT'S TAKE THE BASIS WHAT WE NEED TO DO AND TAKE STEPS FORWARD. SO I WANT TO SAY IT'S A LITTLE BIT DIFFERENT THAN THE FORMER APPROACHES AND THIS WAS VERY MUCH A GROUNDS UP APPROACH TO LET'S STEP BACK AND SAY HOW DO WE GET THERE. >> CAN I ASK A QUESTION. DO YOU THINK THIS CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED WITH THIS SET OF COMMON FUND PROGRAMS WE HAVE NOW? OR DO YOU THINK WE SHOULD LOOK AT ONE COMMON FUND PROGRAM AND SAY THERE'S 20 IN THE INSTITUTES THAT NEEDS TO BE CONNECTED TO? OR ISSUE HERE WAS STEWARDSHIP FOR COMMON FUND INVESTMENTS OPPOSED TO SOLVING THIS PROBLEM FOR EVERYBODY. >> I THINK IT'S BOTH. LIMITING IT -- WITH THIS AMOUNT OF FUNDING WE COULD PICK A COUPLE THAT ARE COMMON FUND ACROSS COMMON FUND TO MAKE THAT WORK. BUT I CAN ALREADY TELL YOU IN TERMS OF INTEROPERABILITY AND MAYBE ANDY WOULD SAY THE SAME THING, THE DATA SET WE HAVE IN GTEX TOP MED WAS A GOOD CHOICE, ENCODE AND ROADMAP ARE ANOTHER. THERE'S SOME OUT THERE IN THE INSTITUTES BUT WITHIN COMMON FUND KIDS FIRST MOTOR PACK HAVE SIMILAR AREAS AS WELL AND SIMILAR TYPES OF QUESTIONS. SO IT'S NOT A BAD STARTING POINT. >> THAT IS INCREDIBLY HELPFUL, I THINK MISSING IN THE PRESENTATION. WHAT I'M HEARING IS A NETWORK OF KNOWN POTENTIAL SYNERGIES. I'M WONDERING WHETHER THE CONCEPT COULD BE CHANGED NOT -- I MEAN THE CONCEPT IS THE SAME BUT WHETHER FUNDING STRATEGY COULD BE CHANGED TO LEVERAGE THOSE. IN OTHER WORDS, NOT ONE DCC, IT'S TWO D CCs BUT THERE'S SOME TEAM SCIENCE WAY THEY NEED TO APPLY TO DEMONSTRATE WHAT THEY WOULD LIKE TO DO TOGETHER VERSUS WE ARE INTERESTED AND REALLY GOOD AND WE ARE REALLY INTERESTED AND REALLY GOOD BUT THE DATA SETS WILL IN EVERY HAVE A REASON TO TALK TOGETHER. SO THERE MAY BE A STRATEGY HERE THAT'S DIFFERENT THAT FORCE IT IS DCCs TO DO WORK TO GET THE MONEY AS A GROUP AS OPPOSED TO AS AN INDIVIDUAL. >> I HAVE NO BACKGROUND IN THIS SO MY QUESTION MIGHT NOT EVEN MAKE SENSE. BUT LONG TERM IS THIS SOMETHING THAT COULD BE APPLIED ACROSS THE NIH? FOR INSTANCE, NKATS HAS A DATA CARED NAYING THE CENTER FOR CR -- COORDINATING CENTER AND ALSO USING THE CLOUD. IF SO, IS THIS SOMETHING THAT LONG TERM THERE WOULD BE MANDATES LIKE THEY DO WITH THE SMART IRB, IN ORDER TO GET FUNDING YOU NEED TO USE X OR XY AND Z. U I'M JUST TRYING TO -- I KNOW YOU ARE TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHAT IS GOING TO WORK NOW BUT I'M JUST TRYING TO SEE WHERE IT'S GOING. >> SO I THINK THE WORK THAT WE ARE TRYING TO DO WITH COMMON FUND DATA SETS IS HAPPENING ACROSS THE NIH. WE ARE TRYING TO FIGURE OUT HOW BEST TO MOVE FORWARD WITH OUR DATA SETS. NCI IS DOING THE SAME. EACH IC IS DOING THEIR OWN THING. WE ARE COLLABORATING WITH OTHER ICs TO TRY TO MOVE DOWN THE FIELDS TOGETHER. SO PROBABLY ULTIMATELY AT SOME POINT THERE WILL BE SOME NIH WIDE EITHER POLICIES OR BEST PRACTICES, THAT THE NIH WILL SAY, WE HAVE TESTED A LOT OF THINGS, HERE IS WHAT WE WANT TO BE THE STANDARD BEST PRACTICE. I DON'T KNOW WHETHER IT WILL COME FROM THE COMMON FUND DATA ECOSYSTEM, I EXPECT TO CONTRIBUTE TO THAT THROUGH THIS EFFORT BUT THAT -- THE ESTABLISHMENT OF MANDATES OF YOU MUST DO IT THIS WAY OR WON'T GET FUNDING, WE ARE CERTAINLY NOT IN A POSITION TO DO THAT. MAYBE SOMEBODY AT THE NIH WILL TAKE THAT ON. IT'S A HEAVY HANDED WAY TO DO THINGS. >> I LOVE THE IDEA OF THIS, EXPLICITLY A AS YOU DESCRIBED, THE PURPOSE IS FOR TRANSLATION. TO GET THIS OUT TO THE COMMUNITY AND STIMULATE NEW IDEAS. BUT I THINK AS WRITTEN WIT'S TOO INSULAR. IT'S OPEN TO THE DCC END, AS WONDERFUL AS THEY ARE AND AS DIFFICULT A JOB IT IS AND UNSUNG HERONESS OR SOMETHING ABOUT IT, THERE'S SOME PROBLEMS. AND I THINK FOR EXAMPLE PEOPLE MIGHT WANT TO GET ACCESS TO DATA USERS FROM THE DCCs BUT THE DATA UNDER THE DATA LIKE SEQUENCE DATA, SO FORTH, THEY MIGHT WANT TO THEN DIRECTLY ACCESS, IT'S OFTEN NOT AVAILABLE TO PEOPLE WHO AREN'T THE PRIMARY GRANTEES IN THOSE COMMON FUND SUPPORTED PROGRAMS OR THE DCCs THEMSELVES. OFFLINE I CAN GIVE EXAMPLES, IT'S IN SEVERAL PROGRAMS. SO I THINK IMPROVING THE PORTABILITY AND AND ACCESSIBILITY TO OUTSIDE PEOPLE IS IMPORTANT, THAT'S NUMBER ONE SUGGESTION, NUMBER TWO, THAT SHOULD BE PART. NUMBER TWO I THINK IS INVOLVING USERS WO AREN'T IN THE COMMUNITY ALREADY, GETTING THEIR INPUT MAYBE PARTICPATION IN THE INITIATIVES THAT COME OUT AS IMPORTANT. THEY WILL SEE THINGS IN A DIFFERENT WAY. FOR EXAMPLE, AS THE NEW IMAGING, I FORGET THE NAME, CAN'T REMEMBER THE ACRONYMS. THE NEW ONE WITH SLIDES AND SO FORTH AND IT SHALL SHOES AND THE NEXT GTEX, WE WILL HEAR ABOUT IT LATER. BUT THERE WILL BE PEOPLE WHO ARE THINKING ABOUT GETTING INVOLVED IN THAT. MAYBE SOME OF THOSE PEOPLE SHOULD BE ABLE TO COMPETE OR GET INVOLVED IN THESE PROGRAMS, THE THIRD IS THAT THR DATA SCIENTIST WHOSE COME FROM UNCONVENTIONAL ANGLE. WE SHOULD BE THINKING ABOUT INNOVATIVE PEOPLE WHO AREN'T ALREADY IN OUR PORTFOLIO LIKE PHYSICISTS, PHYSICISTS WHO DEAL WITH ASTROA NO, MA'AMCAL -- ASTONOMICAL DATABASE, GENOMICS LEVEL OR FLFTION THEORY TYPE -- INFORMATION THEORY TYPE PEOPLE. YOU HAVE A DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE HOW YOU PUT TOGETHER DATA. THEY MAY HAVE BAD OR GOOD IDEAS BUT AS THIS IS CRAFTED, THAT SHOULD BE INVOLVED SO MY BIGGEST CONCERN ABOUT THIS IS THAT IT'S SPECIFICALLY LOOKS LIKE IT'S FOR DCC TO FIGURE WAY TO COMMUNICATE AND TALK TO EACH OTHER, IT'S INSULAR, AS WONDERFUL AS THEY ARE, I HAVE SUCH ADMIRATION FOR WHAT THEY DO, FRIENDS WITH DIRECTORS MOSTLY, ALL THEM THAT I KNOW. SO I APPRECIATE IT VERY MUCH BUT JUST THINKING FROM OUR COUNCIL POINT OF VIEW, THAT'S LITTLE INSULAR. >> COUPLE OF STRONG MESSAGES THAT I HAVE BEEN HEARING, TO BE VERY STRATEGIC WHICH DCCs PARTICIPATE IN THIS PROJECT SO THERE'S A VALUE FOR THEM WORKING TOGETHER AND IT WASN'T JUST AN EXERCISE. YOU KNOW THIS, IT'S NOT AN EXERCISE JUST TO INTEROPERATE FOR NO PURPOSE. ANOTHER IS MAKE SURE THAT NOT FOCUSED ON GETTING THEM TO WORK WITH EACH OTHER BUT TO WORK TOGETHER SO THAT OTHERS CAN HAVE GREATER ACCESS AND USE FOR THE DATA. WHICH I KNOW IS IN THERE BUT MAYBE FOLKS DIDN'T HEAR THAT EMPHASIZED. >> WE DIDN'T REALLY GO THROUGH ALL THE ACTIVITIES OF THE COMMON FUND DATA ECOSYSTEM COORDINATING CENTER, AN AWARD ALREADY IN PLACE. THAT COORDINATING CENTER IS THE GROUP THAT HAS BEEN DOING THE EFFORT THAT PRODUCED THIS JULY REPORT, THEY ARE THE ONES THAT HAVE BEEN REACHING OUT TO THE DATA COORDINATING CENTERS TO FIGURE OUT WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE. AND THEY -- THAT EFFORT HAS A SIGNIFICANT OUTREACH COMPONENT TO TRY TO ENGAGE THE USER COMMUNITY MORE WHICH I THINK MIGHT ADDRESS SOME OF YOUR ISSUES. SO THAT AWARD IS STRUCTURED TO BE PRETTY FLEXIBLE TO BRING IN NEW CAPABILITIES AS WE IDENTIFY THEM ESSENTIALLY. >> ONE OF OUR OTHER CHALLENGES IS THAT THERE'S THE APPROACH IS TO DATA STORAGE MANAGEMENT USE BEING DEVELOP BID HUNDREDS OF PROGRAMS SIMULTANEOUSLY, AREN'T TALKING TO EACH OTHER. THIS IS AN EFFORT FOCUSED ON THE ONES THAT WE KNOW THE BEST, THEY ARE TRANS-NIH EFFORTS, WE HOPE FROM THIS WE CAN LEARN SOMETHING THAT'S APPLICABLE TO EVERYBODY ELSE, APPLICABLE TO FUTURE COMMON FUND PROGRAMS AND ALSO CREATES MORE VALUE FOR OUR COMMON FUND DATA SETS. I UNDERSTAND COMPLETELY THE ISSUE OF THIS LOOKS TOO FOCUSED BUT. THIS IS A TOUGH ENVIRONMENT TO WORK IN. HERE IS WHERE WE ARE PROPOSING TO START FOR DMON FUND EFFORT. (OFF MIC) >> DIFFERENT THINGS THAT'S THE PROBLEM. (OFF MIC) >> THAT IS A FANTASTIC COMMENT. I SEE THAT AS A PRINCIPLE ROLE OF THE OFFICE OF DATA SCIENCE STRATEGIES. THEY ARE REALLY IN A GOOD POSITION TO BRING TOGETHER PEOPLE ACROSS NIH WHO ARE DOING SIMILAR THINGS LIKE THIS. THERE IS A WORKING GROUP THAT SUSAN GREGURICK RUNS THAT MEETS TO BEGIN TO WORK THROUGH HOW DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF THE NIH ARE APPROACHING DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF FAIR, WHERE ARE THERE ARE OPPORTUNITIES TO COLLABORATE. SO IT IS VERY COMPLEX, SO MANY MOVING PARTS. I FEEL LIKE THERE IS A STRATEGY TO COLLABORATE AND WORK TOGETHER. WE DON'T WANT TO BE ANOTHER SILO. >> OUR NEXT SPEAKER IS DR. GREGURICK, SPECIAL ADVISOR FOR OFFICE OF DATA SCIENCE, IN CHARGE WITH IMPLEMENTING THE STRATEGIC PLAN FOR TEAT SCIENCE. -- DATA SCIENCE, THAT INCLUDES EFFORTS TO INTEGRATE ALL THESE ACTIVITIES. AND SHE HAS PRETTY EFFECTIVE GROUP OF PEOPLE FROM ALL THE INSTITUTES WORKING TOWARDS THAT. IT'S A CHALLENGE. BUT THAT IS NOT WHAT THIS PARTICULAR PROPOSAL IS ATTEMPTING TO DO. (OFF MIC) >> YES, THIS GROUP INTERACTS WITH THE OTHERS IN THE INSTITUTES. >> WHAT IS THE THOUGHT AROUND WHOSE DEFINING THE SPECK FOR THE DATA TYPES; IS THAT WHAT THE APPLICANTS ARE DEFINE SOMETHING AND THEREFORE REVIEW PROCESS SAYING THE RIGHT THINGS OR IS THIS EXISTING AWARD THAT IS FOR COORDINATING CENTER, ARE THEY DEFINING THESE ARE THE DATA TYPES WE HAVE DETERMINED THROUGH OUR OUTREACH AND DISCUSSION OF COMMUNIY ARE NECESSARY FOR -- THAT'S A BIG PART OF THE DISCOMFORT, IT FEELS LIKE INTEGRATION FOR SAKE OF INTEGRATION, YOU KNOW WHAT LEADS TO INTEGRATED WELL BUT REACHING TO PEOPLE THAT ARE NOT IN THAT CIRCLE OF TRUST IS A DISINTERESTED PARTY ON THAT BE A LITTLE MORE ENTHUSIASM GIVEN ESPECIALLY THERE'S SMALL AWARDS, TWO, MAYBE THREE FTEs SO SOMEBODY ELSE IS DOING A TON OF HOME WORK THAT TWO OR THREE FTEs ARE EXECUTING ON. WHO IS COMING UP WITH HOME WORK OF WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE. >> IN THIS INITIATIVE WE ARE ASKING THE DATA COORDINATING CENTERS TO DO THAT. THEY HAVEN'T DONE IT YET. >> SO HEARD YOUR COMMENTS, EXCELLENT COMMENTS, INCORPORATED HOW THIS GETS DONE. ARE YOU READY TO TAKE VOTE TO APPROVE THE PROGRAM, THE CONCEPT? >> THIS IS ONE WE ARE BRING BACK PERIODICALLY TO TELL YOU HOW ARE WE DOING WITH THIS. >> WHAT WOULD THE PROPOSAL BE? (OFF MIC) >> I THINK I'M NOT CONVINCED IT WILL MOVE ANY DIAL WHEN THERE'S AN OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE A REAL IMPACT HERE. THAT IS MY OWN VIEW, MIGHT BE THE ONLY ONE THAT FEELS THAT WAY. FELT THAT WAY THE LAST TIME I WAS THE ONLY ONE. TY MIGHT BE THE ONLY ONE, I'M WILLING TO STAND OUT. >> I HAVE TO SAY THAT'S CHALLENGING TO DO, IT'S MATTER OF COORDINATING OF LOTS OF PEOPLE DOING RESEARCH IN REAL TIME. AND SAYING -- >> BUT THAT IS THE PROBLEM WE ARE TRYING TO ADDRESS. >> I SHOULD SAY THE INTENT IS FOR THE COORDINATING CENTERS TO COME FORTH WITH THAT YOU ARE IDEAS. WITH THEIR IDEAS. WE HAVE A STANDING ENTITY THAT WILL COORDINATE AMONG THEM ONCE WE HAVE A GROUP OF THE WILLING OF THE DATA COORDINATING CENTERS. SO THE STRUCTURE WE HAVE PUT IN PLACE IS WHAT -- WHAT WE ARE REFERRING TO IS AS THE ECO SYSTEM. SO WE NEED THE DATA COORDINATING CENTERS TO BE PART OF THE ECOSYSTEM OR THERE'S NOTHING TO BUILD HERE. I THINK THAT WE INTEND TO HAVE FLEXIBILITY IN THE AWARDS SO THERE CAN BE ADAPTATION AFTER GROUP GETS TOGETHER ONCE THEY THINK TOGETHER WHAT THIS ECOSYSTEM SHOULD LOOK LIKE, WHAT THE OPPORTUNITIES ARE FOR COLLABORATION BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT DATA COORDINATING CENTERS. SO THIS -- THE CRUX OF THIS IS DO -- THE CRUX OF THE CONCEPT IS TO ENGAGE DATA COORDINATING CENTERS TO BUILD THIS ECOSYSTEM. WE ARE RATHER PURPOSEFULLY VAGUE ABOUT THE DETAILS OF WHAT THAT NEEDS TO LOOK LIKE BECAUSE WE NEED TO HEAR FROM THE DATA COORDINATING CENTERS. WE ARE NOT REALLY WANTING TO BE DIRECTIVE ABOUT SPECS, NOT WANTING TO TELL THEM WHAT THEY MUST DO, WE ARE TRYING TO BRING THEM TOGETHER FOR THAT. >> CAN I ADD ONE LAST THING? HAVING BEEN INVOLVED IN THE PRIOR EFFORT WHICH WAS WHAT YOU ARE SUGGESTING, RICK, IN A SENSE, IT WAS TOO BIG TOO AMBITIOUS AND TOO MANY STAKEHOLDERS ALREADY FAR APART. AND I THINK THE REASON THIS IS LIKELY MORE SUCCESSFUL IS BECAUSE IT'S REDUCED IN SCOPE AND GONE FROM THE GROUND LEVEL TO SAY WE WANT TO GET THERE. THESE DATA HAVE TO BE IN THE CLOUD. THEY HAVE TO BE FINDABLE LIKE ANDY SAID AND AVAILABLE. AND INTEROPERABLE. RIGHT NOW IT'S HARD. THE BIGGER THE DATA SETS THE MORE DIFFICULT THEY ARE TO FIND. I THINK TAKING JUST A COUPLE OF THESE WHERE THEY ARE WILLING TO WORK TOGETHER TO START WITH, AND THEY ARE AT LEAST WITHIN THE SAME ENTITY IS A WAY TO MOVE FORWARD AND SHOW THAT WHEN WE TRIED IT TOP DOWN LAST TIME IT WAS REALLY DIFFICULT. IT STILL NEEDS TO HAPPEN. BUT I THINK WE NEED TO GET THERE. ABSOLUTELY. >> OUR PROCESS FOR APPROACHING THE GENERAL PROBLEM IS SOMETHING THAT'S BEEN ASSIGNED TO ANOTHER OFFICE. >> CAN YOU WORK WITH THAT OFFICE OR COULD THIS BE UNDER THEIR SURVEILLANCE SO IT HAPPENS. >> ARE YOU AWARE OF THIS PROGRAM, SUSAN? >> AND WHAT ROLE ARE YOU GOING THE PRAY IN IT? -- TO PLAY IN IT? (OFF MIC) >> IF YOUR OFFICE IS PART OF THIS, AND PRAY AN ACTIVE ROLE IN THIS, THEN THAT'S ENCOURAGING. >> PART OF THIS IS SOCIOLOGY AS GETTING PEOPLE TO WORK TOGETHER. AND THE COMMON FUND CENTERS ARE MORE LIKELY TO PLAY TOGETHER. WILL THE'S FI -- LET'S FINISH UP. >> I'M WITH YOU WITH A MAJOR ISSUE. I AM. AS LONG AS IT SAYS FROM CFTCCs, I HAVE A PROBLEM WITH THAT. UNLESS THAT'S MODIFIED IN A MEANINGFUL WAY THAT OBVIOUSLY THE DCCs HAVE TO BE INVOLVED, OR PROBABLY LEAVE THEM BUT IT HAS TO INCLUDE IN THE PROPOSALS THAT COME IN, SOME ADDITIONAL VOICES FROM USERS AND FROM DATA SCIENTISTS INDEPENDENT WHO CAN BRING A FRESH LOOK AND AIR INTO IT. THEN I'M OKAY. >> THAT'S SOMETHING WE CAN ACCOMMODATE. >> WE CAN CERTAINLY ASK IN THE APPLICATIONS FOR THOSE DCCs TO TALK ABOUT THEIR USERS, HOW THEY WILL ENGAGE USERS AND WHAT DATA SCIENCE EXPERTISE THEY MIGHT BRING INTO THIS. >> WHAT KEVIN IS TRYING TO PHRASE AND MANY FEEL, THERE IS A HUGE USER POOL THAT ARE NOT IN CENTERS NOW THAT YOU CAN ANTICIPATE IN THE STANDARDIZATION OF THE DATA ACROSS, AND THE INPUT FROM A BROADER PERSPECTIVE OF COMMUNITIES TO MAKE A REAL DIFFERENCE. IS THAT FAIR? >> I'M HEARING THAT COMMENT. SO I MEAN, WE ARE VERY INTERESTING ENGAGING THE USER COMMUNITY. WE CAN'T ENQUAIJ THEM IN THIS AWARD PROCESS AS DIRECT AWARDEED, WE NEED A STRUCTURE FOR OUR DATA CENTERS TO WORK TOGETHER WITH OUR COORDINATING ENTITY WHICH INCLUDES AN OUTREACH COMPONENT. THAT IS REALLY THE ONLY WAY WE CAN ADDRESS THAT. BUT THE USERS MUST HAVE AN ACTIVE ROLE IN THIS. I AGREE WITH THAT. >> THIS HAS BEEN INCREDIBLY USEFUL DISCUSSION. AND THE TEAM WILL INCORPORATE THESE THOUGHTS AND WE WILL GIVE YOU AN UPDATE HOW THIS IS DOING MAYBE IN A YEAR. MAYBE AWARDS WILL BE OUT AND KNOW WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE. SO I'M GOING TO ASK IS THERE A MOTION TO APPROVE? TO ACCOMMODATING YOUR COMMENTS. >> APPROVE. >> SECOND. ALL IN FAVOR SAY AYE. ALL OPPOSED. >> AYE. >> AYE. >> THANK YOU. OPPOSED? ABSTENTIONS? YES. THANK YOU VERY MUCH. OKAY. SO THIS IS PASSED. AND THIS IS A CHALLENGE, THIS IS A SPACE WE NEED TO DO SOME WORK AND THIS IS A PILOT AND WE WILL BRING IT BACK TO YOU. >> ABSOLUTELY, THANK YOU FOR THOSE COMMENTS. >> NEXT PRESENTTION AND VOTE THIS AFTERNOON IS FOR ESTABLISH MGHT OF WORKING GROUP COUNCIL SUPPORTIVE OF OFFICE OF DATA SCIENCE STRATEGY, DR. SUSAN GREGURICK DATA SCIENCE STRATEGY WILL PRESENT THIS PROPOSAL WHY WE NEED THIS AND IF APPROVED LEAD TO ESTABLISHMENT OF A SEQUENCE READ ARCHIVE DATA WORKING GROUP. >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. THIS FOLLOWS ON NICELY FROM OUR LAST PRESENTATION AND IT'S A REQUEST TO PROPOSE A WORKING GROUP COUNCIL OF COUNSEL FORS THE SEQUENCE READ ARCHIVE DATA WORKING GROUP. I'M GOING TO HE WILL YOU ABOUT THE SEQUENCE ARCHIVE AND PROPOSED CHARGE FOR THE WORKING GROUP. SO JUST TO REMIND YOU THAT THIS IS FALLING IN LINE WITH OUR GOALS FOR THE NIH STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DATA SCIENCE SPECIFICALLY UNDER LEVERAGING EXISTING FEDERAL AND ACADEMIC AND COMMERCIAL CLOUD DATA PROVIDERS FOR DATA STORAGE AND ANALYSIS. YOU MAY OR MAY NOT BE FAMILIAR BUT I'M SUPPOSED YOU'RE MORE FAMILIAR WITH GEN BANK, THEY RELEASED IN 1982 A COMPENDIUM F OF ASSEMBLED SEQUENCES THAT CONSIST OF LARGE NUMBER OF RECORDS AND ABOUT 15 TEAR BYTES OF ACTUAL DATA. HAS VERY RICH ANNOTATIONS, VERY RICH META DATA, TYPICALLY REPRESENTS A SINGLE GENOME SO THE RECORDS ARE SMALL. IN SIZE. SO WE CAN SEQUENCE READ ARCHIVE AND COMPARISON, ITS FRAGMENTED SEQUENCE, EVERYTHING CAPTURED OFF THE MACHINES. THE RECORDS ARE VERY LARGE SO THE DATA SET AND COMPENDIUM IS 12 PED BYTES. THERE'S NO ANNOTATIONS, VERY LIMITED META DATA SO REALLY OBJECTIVE DATA. THE OBJECTIVES ARE TO ARCHIVE THE RAW SAMPLES FROM NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING EXPERIMENTS FOR A VARIETY OF ORGANISMS FROM SEVERAL PLATFORMS. THESE DATA ARE SHARED WITH EMBO AND OTHERS. THE DATA START AS A STARTING POINT FOR SECONDARY ANALYSIS. IT ALSO PROVIDES AN ENTRY POINT FOR HUMAN CLINICAL SAMPLES FOR AUTHORIZED USERS WHO HAVE AGREED TO DATA SETS PRIVACY AND USAGE MANDATES MOSTLY THROUGH DBGAP SO THERE'S BOTH OPEN PUBLIC COMPONENT OF THE SEQUENCE READ ARCHIVE AND THEN A COMPONENT THAT IS FOR AUTHORIZED USERS. SO IF WE LOOK AT GEN BANK AND SRA SIDE BY SIDE, WHAT YOU CAN SEE IS THAT THERE ARE VERY LARGE NUMBER OF GEN BANK USERRERS, OVER 16 -- USERS OVER 16 MILLION FROM 3,340 ORGANIZATIONS. THE SEQUENCE READ ARCHIVE HAS GROWING AT A VERY RAPID PACE. IN THIS YEAR ALONE 20% USAGE CAME FROM USERS ON GOOGLE AND AMAZON COMING ON PRINT AND CBI. BUT NUMBER OF DATA THAT'S DOWNLOADED FROM GEN BANK SMALLER THAN IN COMPARISON TO THE NUMBER OF DATA THAT'S DOWNLOADED FROM SRA. BOTH ARE GROWING ABOUT THE SAME RATE. IN THIS PAST YEAR WE HAVE RELOCATED THE SEQUENCE READ ARCHIVE DATABASE TO BOTH GOOGLE AND AMAZON THROUGH OUR STRIDES INITIATIVE. WE DID SO BECAUSE BY MOVING THE COMPENDIUM 12 PEDABYTES OF DATA TO THE CLOUD SERVICE PROVIDERS, WE ARE PRESENTING UNPRECEDENTED ACCESS AND COMPUTATIONAL CAPABILITIES TO BOTH OF THESE SERVICE PROVIDERS TO THIS DATA SET. AS FAR AS I KNOW THIS MIGHT BE ONE OF THE IF NOT THE LARGEST DATA SET FOR BIOMEDICAL DATA ON A CLOUD SERVICE PROVIDER. HOWEVER, IT COMES WITH A COST, THE COST OF DATA STORAGE AND INCREASING ABILITY TO SEQUENCE GENOMES AN META GENOMIC SAMPLES WILL MEAN THE SE QUEBS ROOT ARCHIVE WILL CONTINUE TO TBROA. WE ARE REQUESTING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SRAs CURRENT FUTURE PLANS AN OPPORTUNITIES. IN SHORT, THE CHARGE FOR THE DATA WORKING GROUP IS TO THINK ABOUT WAYS IN WHICH WE CAN EVALUATE AND IDENTIFY SOLUTIONS TO MAINTAIN THE EFFICIENCY FOR THE STORAGE FOOTPRINT OF SRA SPECIFICALLY THINKING ABOUT SUCH THINGS AS THE QUALITY SCORES FOR THE BASES FORMATS AND COMPRESSION STRATEGIES. WE WOULD VERY MUCH LIKE TO HAVE A DRAFT REPORT FOR HOW WE CAN IDENTIFY SOLUTIONS TO MAINTAIN THE EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS FOR STORAGE OF SRA BY JANUARY OF 2020. ON A LONGER TERM HORIZON WE WOULD BE INTERESTED IN UNDERSTANDING OTHER TOPICS SUCH AS HOW WE CAN USE SRA FOR LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS AND SERVICES FOR SRA. TECHNICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENTS IN EFFICIENCIES, RECOMMENDATIONS ON DATA RETENTION, DATA MODELS AND DATA USAGE. AND PERHAPS FUTURE USAGE AND NEEDS FOR SRA. THIS IS A LITTLE BIT LIKE A CANARY IN A COAL MINE, THERE ARE OTHER AGENCIES WITH LARGER DATA SETS, OR COMPONENTS OF NIH WHICH HAVE LARGE PEDABYTE SCALE SIZE DATA SETS PUTS THESE ON THE CLOUD IS AN OPPORTUNITY TO DEVELOP ALGORITHMS TO COMPUTE ACROSS SCALE COMPUTING AT 12 PEDABYTE IS A HUGE CHALLENGE AND OPPORTUNITY BUT WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND HOW WE CAN THINK ABOUT THE MANAGEMENT OF THESE DATA SETS, THE USEFULNESS OF THESE DATA SETS, MOVING FORWARD. OUR REQUEST IS TO FORM THIS WORKING GROUP. NOW I THINK I'M GOING TO PASS IT BACK FOR DISCUSSION AND VOTE. THE OFTEN -- OFFICE INVOLVED IN SETTING HOW WE USE CLOUD DATA SO THIS IS BECOMING A ODSS ISSUE. THAT'S WHY IT'S HERE. WE NEED TO BRING THE COST DOWN THOSE ARE IMMEDIATE RECOMMENDATIONS WE ARE LOOKING FOR FROM THE GROUP. SO DISCUSSION. QUESTIONS FOR SUSAN. >> PRETTY STRAIGHT FORWARD. THEN I WILL ASK WHETHER THERE'S A MOTION TO APPROVE CREIATION OF THIS WORKING -- CREATION OF THIS WORKING GROUP. SECOND. ALL IN FAVOR. OPPOSED. >> AYE. >> ON THE PHONE. YES. PATTY. >> AYE. >> GREAT. THANK OU. OPPOSED. ABSTENTIONS. THIS IS UNANIMOUSLY APPROVED, A NEW COUNCIL OF COUNCIL WORKING GROUP TO THINK ABOUT THE STRATEGIES FOR USE OF AND TECHNICAL ISSUES OF SRA AS WE DO WITH ALL WORKING GROUPS OF THE COUNCIL WE MUST HAVE PA CO-CHAIR FROM THE COUNCIL THOUGH WE'LL IS SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS THAT WILL POPULATE THE GROUP ITSELF. SO WE WILL BE REACHING OUT IF ANY OF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN BEING CO-CHAIR OF THIS, PLEASE CONTACT ME AND/OR SUSAN. WE'LL TELL YOU HOW THIS WORKS, LOGISTIC, BACK UP, WE ALSO PROVIDE A ROBUST SUPPORT FOR YOU TO DO THIS WITH WRITERS AND MINUTE TAKERS AND WE BRING THE MATERIAL TO YOU FOR YOUR DELIBERATIONS. SOUND LIKE A LOT OF WORK. YES, IT IS. BUT IT'S FUN. IF THERE ARE OTHER MEMBERS WHO LIKE TO BE ON -- ACKNOWLEDGING WE CAN'T ACCOMMODATE EVERYBODY BECAUSE WE NEED REAL SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS. THANK YOU, SUSAN. >> THANK YOU. >> OKAY. FIVE MINUTE BREAK? Q. BACK IN FIVE MINUTES. >> OKAY. FIVE MINUTES. >> WE ARE GOING TO START WITH THE NEXT IS ANOTHER COMMON FUND CONCEPT CLEARANCE. THIS IS FOR THE REISSUANCE OF A FUNDING OPPORTUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT THAT'S ENTITLED TARGETED NEEDS FOR STIMULATING PERIPHERAL ACTIVITY TO RELIEVE CONDITION THAT'S NAME OF THE PROGRAM, THE SPARC PROGRAM, GENE IS DIRECTOR OF THIS PROGRAM, FROM BETSY'S OFFICE AND HE WILL WALK US THROUGH THE PROPOSAL AND GIN DA AND PAUL WILL BE DISCUSSANTS. >> THANKS, JIM AND EVERYONE STICKING WITH US THE WHOLE DAY, WE APPRECIATE YOUR FEEDBACK. GREAT TO BE WITH THIS GROUP AGAIN, YOU HEARD FROM THE SPARC PROGRAM A YEAR AGO AT THE SEPTEMBER COUNCIL WITH DR. PALLI FROM PURDUE TO TALK ABOUT HIS WORK IN GASTRIC INNOVATION SO IT'S NICE TO TALK WITH YOU AGAIN. WE ARE SEEKING CLEARANCE FOR A NEW FUNDING OPPORTUNITY IN THE SPARC PROGRAM TO ADDRESS TARGETED NEEDS THAT ARE WITHIN THE ORIGINAL CLEARED SCOPE OF SPARC BUT WHICH WE FEEL ARE FOT BEING SUFFICIENTLY ADDRESSED WITH THE AWARDS THAT WE HAVE. AND THE ACTIVITIES WE HAVE. SINCE WE ARE SORT OF GENERALISTS HERE AND MANY OF YOU ARE NEW, I'LL BRIEFLY REVIEW THE STRUCTURE AN GOALS OF SPARC AND TYPES OF GAPS WE ARE SEEKING TO FILL, THEN IT WILL BE GREAT TO HEAR FROM DISCUSSANTS AND ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS THAT YOU HAVE. SPARC WAS CLEARED AS A PROGRAM CONCEPT BY THIS GROUP IN LATE 2014. AND IT IS ESSENTIALLY A PROGRAM ABOUT THE MECHANISTIC BASIS FOR NEUROMODULATION THERAPIES. AS MANY OF YOU KNOW, NEUROMODULATION WHEN WE USE THAT IN A THERAPEUTIC CONTEXT REFERS TO EXITATION OR INHIBITION OF NEURONS BY ELECTRODES TYPICALLY IMPLANTED, SOMETIMES EXTERNALLY APPLIED. SOME EXAMPLES MOST HEARD OF EVEN IF FAR FROM YOUR FIELD ARE DEEP BRAIN STUM LAITION AND IMPLANTS ELECTRODES IN THE THALAMUS OR OTHER AREAS FOR TREATMENT OF TREMOR. AND IN SOME CASES EPILEPSY. MANUFACTURE YOU HAVE PROBABLY -- MANY OF YOU HEARD OF VAGAL NERVE STIMULATION, WRAPPING ELECTRODE AROUND THE VAI GUS NERVE, THAT IS FDA APPROVED FOR SEIZURE CONTROL AS WELL AS TREATMENT RESISTANT DEPRESSION THOUGH IT IS ONLY CMS REIMBURSED FOR SEIZURES AND NOT DEPRESSION. SO THAT'S INTERESTING BE U YOU MAY HAVE HEARD OF IT. THE BASIC IDEA IS SIMILAR TO WHAT A PACEMAKER DOES, SO YOU ARE ENGAGING ELECTRICALLY WITH THE ELECTRICALLY ACTIVE TISSUE FOR THERAPEUTIC EFFECT ULTIMATELY THE AFFECT IS MOLECULAR AS YOU CAUSE NEURONS TO RELEASE EXCITETORY OR INHIBITORY TRANSMITTER SO THE ULTIMATE DOWNSTREAM ACTION IS LIKE A DRUG IN THAT YOU ARE CHANGING THE EFFECTIVE CONCENTRATION OF A NEURALLY ACTIVE MOLECULE BUT YOU ARE SORT OF INTERVENING STEP IS DIFFERENT IN THE CASE OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION VERSUS DOSING WITH SMALL MOLECULE. SO THE COMMON FUNDABLE CHALLENGE THAT WAS IDENTIFIED A FEW YEARS AGO WAS THAT WE HAVE A SORT OF AN EXPLOSION OF NEUROMODULATION THERAPIES BEING TRIED NOT JUST IN THE BRAIN BUT ALSO PERIPHERY WITHOUT CORRESPONDING SCIENCE BASE TO BACK UP THAT YOU ARE MECHANISM. SO WE HAVE THIS URGENT NEED FOR STUDYING CLEAR MECHANISTIC TARGETS THAT WOULD ALLOW RATIONAL DESIGN OF THESE KINDS OF THERAPIES SO LOOK AT YOUR BACKGROUND SLIDE 7, 8, 9 THE PROBLEM IS SUMMARIZED THERE AND YOU HAVE SEEN THOSE BEFORE, IF YOU HAVE BEEN IN THIS GROUP BEFORE. THIS WAS A COMMON FUND PROGRAM BECAUSE IT COULD FALL BETWEEN THE CRACKS BETWEEN ICs SO IT IS NEUROSCIENCE BUT NOT NEUROOLOGY AND NOT MENTAL HEALTH SO IS IT NIDDK, NINDS, IS IT NIBIB, NCATS NHLBI? ALL THOSE THINGS AND THERE ARE DISCIPLINARY PRINCIPLES THAT CUT ACROSS ALL OF THOSE THINGS. SO WHEN WE ARE ACTUALLY WORKING WITH AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM RESEARCHERS WHO ARE HOMELESS AT NIH NOW AT THE WRONG TIME IN TERMS OF THERAPEUTIC OPPORTUNITY. SO THAT'S THE RATIONALE FOR THE PROGRAM. OUR GOAL IS TO CAT LYSE DEVELOPMENT OF NEXT GENERATION PERIPHERAL NEUROMODULATION, BY PROVIDING ACCESS TO HIGH VALUE DATA SETS, MAPS BRINGING THOSE DATA SETS TOGETHER, TOOLS THAT ALLOW GENERATION OF NEW DATA SETS, NEW ELECTRODES, NEW SENSORS, AND PREDICTIVE SIMULATION TO AHOW THINGS TO BE BROUGHT TOGETHER TO NEW QUESTIONS THAT WILL INFORM FUTURE STUDIES. SO THE WAY WE SUT P THE PROGRAM, -- SET UP THE PROGRAM, IT'S FIVE INTERDEPENDENT INITIATIVES ANATOMICAL PHYSIOLJCAL AND TRANSCRIPT O MIC DATA COLLECTIONS THE FIVE MAIN ORGANS ARE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE SLIDE. DEVELOPMENT OF NEW SENSIN STIMULATING TECHNOLOGIES T. DATA RICH CLINICAL CLINICAL STUDIES AND ONLINE DATA RESOURCE CENTER WITH CORE FUNCTIONALITIES AND DATA MANAGEMENT MAP SYNTHESIS OR VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTATION AND SIMULATION. DR. COLLINS MENTIONED THIS MORNING, WE ARE DOING SOME ACTIVITIES IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE HEAL INITIATIVE, THERE'S A FIFTH SPARC INITIATIVE WE ARE ABOUT TO LAUNCH THAT SUPPORTS SPECIFICALLY CHARACTERIZING VISCERAL CIRCUITS THAT CARRY NOCICEPTIVE SIGNALS THAT BECOME PAIN SIGNALS WHEN THEY HIT THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM SO THE PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHED QUITE A BIT TO DATE. THE HOLD ON A SECOND. SO I WANT TO JUST POINT YOU TO SLIDE 11 IN YOUR SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL. THAT SHOWS YOU THE SORT OF STRUCTURE OF OUR INITIATIVES. WE LAUNCHED A SMALL EXPLORATORY INITIATIVE IN 2015, THE MAJOR COMPREHENSIVE ORGAN MAPPING AWARDS LAUNCHED IN 2016. THE BUDGETS DOUBLED TO FULL PLAN SIZE IN 2017 WITH LAUNCH OF THE DATA AND RESOURCE CENTER AND INITIATIVE SUPPORTING NEW TOOL DEVELOPMENT AND PRE-CLINICAL STUDIES THAT HAVE NOW LED TO FOCUSED INITIATIVE WE ARE LAUNCHING FIVE NEW PROJECTS THAT ARE CLINICAL STUDIES. AWARDED TEAMS ACCOMPLISHED QUITE A BIT, WE HAVE SEEN IMPORTANT PAPERS IN NEUROGASTRO INTEROLOGY, CARDIOLOGY, BIOSENSOR DEVELOPMENT, WE BROKERED COLLABORATIONS BETWEEN BIOENGINEERING GROUPS AND AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM RESEARCHERS THINKING ABOUT THESE THINGS FOR 40, 50, 60 YEARS. WE IN MY VIEW MOST IMPORTANTLY WE HAVE RELEASED DATA SETS. SO WE HAVE BEEN PROMOTING DATA FAIRNESS, AND WE HAVE RELEASED ON THE VERSION 1.0 SPARC DATA PORTAL 22 DATA SETS ABOUT A MONTH AGO IN A CURE AITED STANDARDIZED FORMAT WITH REUSE LICENSES. THAT IS A DATA.SPARC.SCIENCE. YOU CAN CHECK THOSE OUT. THE PROGRAM IS BECOME A FOCAL POINT OF MULTI-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ENGINEERING AND CLINICAL ECOSYSTEM AND SOME OF THOSE HIGHLIGHTS, SOME OF THOSE PAPERS ARE IN SLIDES 12 TO 15 OF YOUR BACKGROUND SLIDES. YOU CAN SEE THE DATA PORTAL ON SLIDE 10 THOUGH IT'S BETTER IF YOU GO THERE IN A WEB BROWSER. WHAT WE ARE HERE ASKING YOU ABOUT TODAY IS TO MAKE SURE THE PROGRAMS OUTPUTS CAN HAVE THE MAXIMUM POSSIBLE IMPACT AND USEFULNESS IN FY 20 WE WOULD LIKE TO SOLICIT NEW APPLICATIONS TO ADDRESS SPECIFIC NEEDS THAT ARE BEING IDENTIFIED ON A CONTINUING BASIS BY OUR TEAM AS WELL AS OUR AWARDEES AND EXTERNAL CONSULTANTS AND THIS GENERAL FIELD. SO THESE EXAMPLES OF THESE NEEDS ARE SHOWN ON THE NEXT SLIDE SO LOOK ON THE RIGHT, ONE PLACE WE NEED TO DO MORE IS IMPROVING PRECISION OF MODULATION AND SENSING OF NERVE AND ORGAN ACTIVITY. SO THE NERVE EXITATION INHIBITION FIELD AS A WHOLE IS STILL NOT ABLE TO RELIABLY SUB TARGET WITHIN A NERVE. FOR SOMETHING LIKE THE VAI GUS NERVE, THIS IS A HUGE PROBLEM, IT HAS HUBS OF THOUSANDS OF LEAN -- HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF LANES OF TRAFFIC AT LEVEL OF NEXT AND END UP ALL OVER THE BODY. AND PEOPLE ARE MAKING CLAIMS ABOUT WHAT THAT'S STIMULATION CAN DO TO THIS OR THAT ORGAN BUT NOT WHEN CLAIMING ABOUT THE STOMACH THEY ARE NOT TALKING THE HEART. AND WHEN NAY ARE CLAIMING ABILITY THE HEART THEY ARE NOT THINKING ABOUT THE AFTER FRENTS GOING UP TO THE BRAIN SO WE NEED TO BE ABLE TO SUPPORT MORE WORK PANNED EXCITING BIOPHYSICS AND SIMULATIONS AND GISMOS TO ADDRESS CROSS SECTIONS OF NERVES MORE SPECIFICALLY. WE SUPPORTED A LOT OF IT. WE NEED TO SUPPORT MORE OF IT AS THIS AREA CONTINUES TO DEVELOP. A SECOND NEED ON THE LEFT KIND OF CALLS BACK TO SEVERAL DISCUSSIONS TODAY. WE BUILDING MAPS OUT OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR MULTIPLE SPECIES AND MULTIPLE ORGAN SYSTEMS IS A HUGE DATA INTEROPERABILITY CHALLENGE. WE HAVE -- WE HAVE GONE WITH AMBITIOUS VISION FOR THIS WHERE WE ARE ACTUALLY REQUIRING PEOPLE TO MAKE THEIR DATA INTEROPERABLE BEFORE THEY GIVE IT TO US, BEFORE THEY PUT IT IN THE DCC. THIS IS A MASSIVE CULTURAL AND TECHNICAL CHALLENGE BUT WE ARE PROGRESSING ON IT. YOU CAN GO LOOK AT IT. SO DATA INTEROPERABLE WORK FLOW AND CONTROLLED ANNOTATION VOCABULARY ARE PART SUCCEEDING IN OUR PROGRAMS. SO WE ARE NOT PLEASED WITH AN AWARDEE IF THEY ARE NOT DOING THOSE THINGS. ONE BIG ADVANTAGE OF DOING THAT IS THAT THE DATA BECOMES SHAREABLE WITH OTHER PEOPLE, IT ALSO BECOMING SHAREABLE WITH OTHER PEOPLE'S CODE. THAT MEANS IT BECOMES OPERABLE BUT SOFTWARE, ITSELF. SO WE NEED TO DO MORE OF THIS, WE NEED TO DO MORE OF THIS THAN WE REALIZED WHEN WE MADE THE INITIAL DRC AWARDS, THAT'S WHY THIS IS HERE AS A NEED. WE WANT TO COMPLIMENT THE DATA THAT WE HAVE GOT IN THE CLOUD WITH TOOLS THAT ARE IN THE CLOUD THAT WILL CONNECT OUR DATA TO OTHER TOOLS THAT ARE ALREADY IN THE CLOUD. SOME WHICH ARE SUPPORT BID SPARC SOME WHICH ARE SUPPORTED BY OTHERS. AND THAT WOULD ALLOW US TO DO THINGS LIKE BRING OUR DATA MORE EASILY INTO VISUALIZATION. BRING OUR DATA MORE EASILY INTO SIMULATIONS THAT ARE RUNNING IN THE CLOUD. ASSESS VARIABILITY ACROSS SPECIES, ET CETERA WHERE YOUR DATA NEEDS TO TALK TO MY DATA, BUT THEY ARE NOT YET ANNOTATED IN A PARALLEL WAY. THESE NEEDS ARE WITHIN THE SCOPE OF THE ORIGINAL PROGRAM TO DEVELOP THESE HIGH VALUE DATA SETS, IT'S MORE THE PROBLEM REQUIRES MORE WORK IN THIS PARTICULAR SUB SPACE. SO THAT'S WHY THESE THINGS -- WHY THESE THINGS ARE HERE. I PROBABLY TALKED MORE THAN FIVE MINUTES BUT NOT MUCH SO I'LL LEAVE IT THERE AND WE CAN HEAR FROM THE DISCUSSANTS. THANKS. >> THANKS VERY MUCH GENE, WE'LL START WITH LINDA'S COMMENTS. >> THANK YOU, GENE, IT WAS VERY NICE OVERVIEW AND YOU EXPLAINED IT VERY WELL AND FROM REVIEWING THE OVERALL VERY SUPPORTIVE OF THIS INITIATIVE. JUST START OFF BY SAYING THAT. AND AS A NEUROLOGIST I THINK THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AS NEUROOLOGY BECAUSE THE NERVOUS SYSTEM INN -- INNER INVESTIGATES EVERY BLOOD -- INNER INVESTIGATE EVERY PART OF THE PERIPHERAL BODY. BUT THE WAY INNER --VATE E THE RESEARCH STRONGER IF YOU DO COLLABORATE WITH PEOPLE THAT ARE STUDYING THE END ORGANS THE NERVES INNERVATE. SIMILAR TO BRAIN RESEARCH LIKE BRAIN IMAGING DATA FOR EXAMPLE, THERE'S LIKE HUNDREDS OF DIFFERENT WAYS OF MEASURING THE BRAIN. I THINK -- THAT'S EXACTLY -- I THINK IT'S A GREAT IDEA THAT YOU WANT TO ENFORCE THE DATA SHARED ACROSS DIFFERENT STUDIES AND DIFFERENT METHODS BECAUSE THAT WAY WE CAN REALLY CENTRALIZE THE INFORMATION LEARNED BECAUSE IT IS'S LIKE THAT WITH BRAIN IMAGING WE HAVE WAYS OF MEASURING THE BRAIN WITH DIFFERENT ATLASES AND ANALYSIS TOOLS BUT WE MAKE -- WE FORCE EVERYONE TO MAKE THE TOOLS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE AND EVERYONE SHOULD BE ABLE TO BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND WHAT IS BEING GENERATED OTHER THAN THAT I SAW SOME GOOD SUCCESS ALREADY, BECAUSE IN YOUR BACKGROUND SLIDE YOU SHOW INTERESTING FINDINGS THAT PUBLISH USING ANIMAL MODELS WHERE PEOPLE HAVE USED ENGINEER VECTORS OR IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY TO SHOW -- TO MAP HOW THE SA NERVOUS -- HOW PERIPHERAL NERVE ARE REACHING THE TARGET TISSUE. LIKE FOR EXAMPLE ONE THAT LOOKS AT MOI DATA USE, WITH HIGH RESOLUTION USED TO MAP WHERE THEY ARE INNERVATING. SO THERE'S MANY ANIMAL STUDIES I DON'T SEE TOO MANY HUMAN STUDY BECAUSE WE'RE NOT THERE YET AND WE NEED BETTER UNDERSTANDING WHERE THE TARGETS -- WHERE THE NERVE TARGETS ARE LOCATED BEFORE THEY CAN DO THE TRANSLATION. BUT ALREADY THERE'S SEVERAL INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIPS THAT ARE -- QUITE A FEW COMPANIES -- SBIR GRANTS? THERE ARE QUITE A FEW COMPANIES THAT -- >> SOMETIMES THEY ARE DIRECT -- WE HAVE NO PROBLEM WITH COMPANIES COMPETING FOR OUR AWARDS. SOMETIMES THEY ARE DIRECTED AWARDS, MORE OFTEN AWARDS TO ACADEMIC CENTERS WHERE THE COMPANY -- >> STTR SBIR AND THERE'S ONE COMPANY TELEHEALTH I LOOKED, THEY HAVE A NICE IP ON THIS METHOD AS WELL. >> LICENSED FROM A SPARC -- >> LICENSED. SO I THINK IT'S DEFINITELY MOVING IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION AND IT'S A VERY FRUITFUL AREA OF RESEARCH. AND I THINK THERE'S NOT ENOUGH RESEARCH DONE IN THIS AREA OVER THE YEARS, THAT'S WHOA I WE KNOW SO LITTLE ABOUT IT YET ALL THIS WEARABLE NEUROMODULATION TECHNOLOGIES I THINK REALLY OPEN UP A VERY HUGE MARKET OF -- FOR BUSINESS AND RESEARCH IN COMING UP WITH IMPROVE TREATMENT FOR VARIOUS CONDITIONS LIKE PEOPLE WITH OVERACTIVE BLADDER, PEOPLE WITH IRRITABLE BOWWELL SYNDROME OR VISCERATIVE PAIN AND MANY SUM TOMS NOT JUST THE VISCERAL SYSTEM. SO I'M SUPPORTIVE OF IT. I DID HAVE ONE QUESTION ABOUT I GUESS I DIDN'T SEE, YOU MENTION -- IN ONE OF YOUR SLIDES YOU SHOW WHEN THE PROGRAM STARTED IN 2014. IS THERE ANY DATA HOW MANY EQUAL ENDS WERE FUNDED AND WHAT TYPE OF GRANTS? I TRIED TO LOOK THAT UP IN THE NIH REPORTER AND I SAW ALL DIFFERENT KINDS OF GRANTS FUNDED. BOW WE WOULD BY DIFFERENT INSTITUTES, IT WASN'T ALL -- >> IF YOU GO TO COMMONFUND.NIH.GOV/SPARC THERE IS A DIAGRAM OF A PERSON, YOU CAN SEE A LIST OF EACH OF THE AWARDS. AND THEN THERE ARE OTHER PLACES ON THE SITE YOU CAN SEE ALL THE TOOLTS. >> SEEMS TO BE A VERY SUCCESSFUL PROGRAM. I'M VERY SUPPORTIVE. >> ON THE ORDER OF 40 OR 50 GRANTS SPREAD ACROSS FIVE INITIATIVES. AND THE APPROXIMATE BUDGET IS TEN TO 20 MILLION PER INITIATIVE. >> ALSO SEEMS TO OVERLAP FUNDING FROM OTHER ICs AS WELL, IS THAT RIGHT? I THINK IN THE REPORTER I SAW GRANTS FUNDED BY NINDS AND AGING. SOME OF THE GRANTS DOES SAY OD, SOME SAY -- >> I GOT IT. THANK YOU. >> JUST A CLARIFICATION. ALL OUR PROGRAMS ARE PARTNERSHIPS BETWEEN ODs AND MULTIPLE INSTITUTES. AND WHEN THE FUNDS GO OUT TO THEM, THEY MANAGE IT. THEY DO GRANTS MANAGEMENT, BUT WE WORK AS ONE TEAM. >> THAT WAS THE ONLY QUESTION BUT OVERALL IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT TO IMPROVE UNDERSTANDING OF THE TARGET TO COME UP WITH EVEN BETTER TOLLS THAT CAN BE APPLIED TO THE HUMAN TRANSLATION. BUT QUESTION. YOU WANTED FUNDING FOR TWO YEARS, ARE YOU PLANNING TO FUND -- IF YOU WANT RO1 GRAINT'S FIEWF YEARS, HOW DO YOU WORK WITH TWO YEAR FUNDING, PLANNING TO FUND PILOT STUDIES? >> SO WE -- >> ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPLEMENT -- >> MOST COMMON FUND VEHICLES ARE NOT RO1s. THEY ARE VARIOUS Us AND OTHER MECHANISMS. THIS HAVE BEEN OTHER INITIATIVES IN SPARC THAT WERE TWO YEARS. THOSE TWO YEARS, 20 AND 21 ARE THE LAST YEARS OF THE PROGRAM ON THE BOOKS RIGHT NOW. THOSE WOULD BE YEAR SIX AND SEVEN OF THE PROGRAM I BELIEVE. SO THERE COULD BE OTHER YEARS AFTER THAT OR THERE MIGHT NO BUT BECAUSE WE DON'T KNOW THAT YET, WE PLANNED IT FOR TWO YEARS. >> IF YOU ISSUE FOA WHAT TYPE OF MECHANISM WOULD YOU BE REQUESTING? >> WE ARE NOT SURE YET, IT WOULDN'T BE AN R. BEYOND THAT, DEPENDS -- WE WOULD WEIGH PROS AND CONS. >> I WAS CONFUSED BECAUSE IT SAYS FOR TWO YEARS ONLY. OKAY. >> I'M GOING TO JUMP IN. THE COMMON FUND PROGRAMS ARE RARELY R GRANTS, BECAUSE WE START WITH SOMETHING WE WANT TO ACCOMPLISH. MORE OFTEN COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS OR OTHER WAYS FOLKS NEED TO WORK TOGETHER AND WITH NIH STAFF. >> I SEE. OKAY. >> PAUL. >> GREAT SUMMARY. JUST I GUESS OFFER MORE SUPPORT. I THINK THIS IS AN INCREDIBLY IMPORTANT INITIATIVE. I HAVE BEEN NEW TOOLS LIKE OPTO GENETICS, CHEMOGENETIC, SENG L CELL SEQUENCING IN THE BRAIN HELPS UNDERSTAND CIRCUITRIES IN THE BRAIN. WE KNOW LESS CIRCUITRIES ON TRACK WITH THE BODY, THE BODIES INTERACT WITH CIRCUITRY SO LIKELY REALLY IMPORTANT. SO WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND THAT BETTER. THE ONE -- I DON'T KNOW IF I CALL IT CRITICISM, ONE THING I WOULD HAVE LIKED TO HAVE SEEN IS MORE DETAILS FLESHED OUT IN TERMS OF HOW THE MONEY WILL BE USED AND WHAD EXACTLY END POINTS ARE. IF YOU ARE LOOKING FOR WAYS HANDLING THESE BIG DATA SETS, WHICH DATA SETS PRECISELY ARE YOU LOOKING FOR, HOW TO INTERACT, NICE TO HAVE MORE DETAILS THERE. TOOLS, IS CRITICAL. WE KNOW VAGUS IS A BIG MESS TO MANIPULATE. DIRECTIONALITY IS A PROBLEM. WHAT TOOLS ARE YOU LOCKING FOR IN THAT REGARD, BE VERY INTERESTED IN HEARING MORE THAN WE JUST NEED MORE TOOLS. THAT IS PRETTY MUCH IT. >> THANKS FOR THE COMMENTS, OPEN FOR DISCUSSION. MORE QUESTIONS. AROUND THIS WAY. >> COULD YOU JUST SAY A LITTLE BIT MORE ABOUT THE RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY SO FAR IN THE PROGRAM? THERE WAS A NATURE NEUROSCIENCE PAPER IN SUPPLEMENTAL SLIDES MENTIONED BUT THEN REVIEW AND NEW YORK ECONOMY OF SCIENCE THING, CERTAINLY LOOKS INCREDIBLY INTRIGUING, I RESPECT WHAT THE REVIEWER SAID WHO REALLY ARE IN THE FIELD BUT I LOOKED UP ABOUT TEN GRANTS ON REPORTER AND I CAN'T FIND VERY MANY PAPERS. AND I THINK IT'S JUST BECAUSE IT'S SO RECENT BUT WOULD YOU JUST MAKE US COMFORTABLE WITH VOTING, SAY A BLILT -- BIT MORE ABOUT THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OUT OF IT. >> THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, THAT'S ACTUALLY A PAPER, THE ONE IN THE AD POSE TISSUE ONE. SO THE LARGE AWARDS HAVE BEEN UNDER STEAM FOR TWO AND A HALF YEARS WHICH SOUNDS LIKE A LONG TIME BUT IT'S ACTUALLY FOR THIS KIND OF WORK IT'S QUITE DIFFICULT. BECAUSE WE HAVE ASKED SO MUCH OF THEM IN TERMS OF DATA ANNOTATION AND SHARING, THAT'S TAKEN AWAY FROM OTHER THINGS. SO WE HAVEN'T HAD A -- WE DON'T HAVE AS MUCH EMPHASIS ON IN PROGRAM ON TRADITIONAL PUBLICATION PRODUCTIVITY. THERE'S MORE AN EMPHASIS ON WHAT DATA HAVE YOU CREATED, IS IT BEAUTIFUL, IS IT ACTIONABLE. CAN OTHER PEOPLE USE IT. THAT SAID, WE DO HAVE SOME PRODUCTIVE FOLKS IN THE PROGRAM. THAT -- WHAT'S ON YOUR SLIDES THERE IS NOT AN EXHAUSTIVE LIST. THERE ARE MANY MORE PAPERS THAN THAT AND PATENTS AS WELL. THERE ARE SOME AWARDS AS YOU SAY THAT IF YOU PUT THEM TONE REPORTER THEY HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED SOMETHING IN THE LAST TWO YEARS AND THAT'S BECAUSE THESE ARE HIGH RISK HIGH REWARD PROJECTS. THERE ARE SOME THINGS THAT HAVE NOT WORKED. >> I THINK WE ARE AROUND TO RHONDA. >> YOU MAY HAVE SAID THIS AND I MISSED IT SO I APOLOGIZE. I NOTICE THE BRAIN WASN'T LISTED AS ONE OF THE ORGANS THAT YOU ARE FOCUSING SO I ASSUME THERE'S A REASON BEHIND THAT. I DO WANT TO BRING UP THOUGH, IN THIS FIELD ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR NATIONAL NIMH ISSUES COME UP QUITE A BIT, ONE OF THE THINGS THAT SEEM TO BE APPARENT AFTER MANY TESTS HAVE BEEN PERFORMED AND RESEARCH BEEN PERFORMED, DEVICES BEEN DEVELOPED, THERE'S DEVICES COVERED BY INSURANCE. LOOKING AT IT RETROSPECTIVELY, A LOT HAD TO DO WITH LACK OF STANDARDIZATION OF OUTCOME MEASURES OR BEING ABLE TO SHOW THE EFFECTIVENESS IN SOME UNIFORM WAY SO ONE CAN USE IT FORT COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OR COMPARATIVE WORK IN TERMS OF LOOKING AT ONE APPROACH VERSUS THE OTHER. OR LOOKING AT A NEW APPROACH VERSUS WHAT HAS BEEN STANDARD ALREADY. I'M WONDERING AS YOU GO DOWN THIS ROAD, HAS THERE BEEN ANY THOUGHT OR DISCUSSION AROUND LOOKING AT STANDARDIZATION OF OUTCOMES AS RELATES TO THE STIMULATION OF PERIPHERAL ACTIVITY BY ORGAN? NOT SURE THEY ARE ALL GOING AFTER THE SAME THING BUT MY CONCERN IS SOMEWHERE DOWN THE LINE YOU FUND THIS RESEARCH BUT THE RESEARCH IS VERY DISPARATE, NOT ABLE TO BE PUT TOGETHER INTO AN ACTUAL TREATMENT APPROACH. CERTAINLY WOULD HAVE DIFFICULTY GETTING ACCEPTANCE WITHOUT STANDARDIZED DATA. >> CAN I SAY WE STOLE GENE FROM FDA TO RUN THIS PROGRAM. HE IS VERY AWARE OF THIS. >> YEAH, SO MAYBE FIRST QUESTION, FIRST. THERE WAS A LITTLE THING CALLED THE BRAIN INITIATIVE THAT HAD A BUDGET LITERALLY 10X OUR BUDGET SO THAT'S WHY THE BRAIN ISN'T ON THERE. THEY ARE GOOD. I MEAN, THEY ALWAYS NEED MORE BUT IT'S -- YOU KNOW. THE OTHER THING, SONA IS A BIG PROBLEM THAT YOU MENTIONED, ONE OF THE -- IF YOU WORK FOR BLUE CROSS YOU PROBABLY KNOW MORE THAN I DO BUT ONE THING IS FDA AND CMS ARE NOT -- THEY DON'T HAVE THE SAME MANDATE SO FDA IS LOOKING FOR SAFE EFFECTIVE WHICH IS A LOWER BAR THAN REASONABLE AND NECESSARY WHICH IS WHAT CMS IS LOOKING FOR, WHAT A LOT OF OTHER INSURERS ARE KEYING OFF. SO THAT'S ONE PROBLEM. I MENTION VAGAL NERVE FOR DEPRESSION IS FDA APPROVAL BUT NOT REIMBURSEMENT THAT'S A QUALITY OF EVIDENCE THING. THAT BEING SAID, FDA AND CMS AT LEAST IN THE DEVICE AREA ARE ALREADY WORKING TOGETHER FOR THE LAST FEW YEARS THEY HAVE SOMETHING CALLED THE PARALLEL REVIEW PROGRAM THAT LETS A DEVICE DEVELOPER BASICALLY TALK TO THEM AT THE SAME TIME INSTEAD OF TALKING TO THEM IN SEQUENCE SO YOU DON'T GET THE SITUATION WHERE YOU GET THROUGH FDA AND YOU HAVE TO START OVER. WHAT WE CAN ADD TO THAT, I FEEL LIKE IS NOT THAT MUCH. WE ARE TRYING TO DISCOVER THE FUNDAMENTAL PHENOMENA HERE. AND WHAT THEY -- THE KIND OF EVIDENCE STANDARD THEY WANT TO ACCEPT AT FDA OR OTHER PLACES, IT'S KIND OF MATTER OF WE HAVE TO PUT IT OUT THERE AND THEY HAVE TO UPTAKE IT AND BELIEVE IT. SOING THE A BIG ISSUE AND THERE ARE A LOT MORE CROSS CURRENTS CONNECTING IT THAN THERE USED TO BE BUT IT'S NOT SOLVED YET. >> SO IN SEVEN MINUTES WE WILL TALK TISSUE MAPPING CENTERS AND THEY ARE MAPPING AMONG OTHERS COLON AND LUNG. SO MY QUESTION IS, OVERLAP, COMPLIMENTARITY, SYNERGISM AN DATA SHARING, NOT JUST WITHIN SPARC BUT WITHIN COMMON FUND PROGRAMS THAT ARE MAPPING TISSUES. >> YES. SO WE -- RICHARD IS BEHIND YOU AND IS SMILING. WE HAVE A ONE TEAM MEMBER IN COMMON BETWEEN THIS SPARC AND MAP TEAMS, WE ARE AWARE OF THE COLON, LUNG, OVERLAP. THERE'S A COUPLE OF ISSUES, ONE IS WE ARE TRACKING THERE. SO ONE REALLY IMPORTANT THING WHEN YOU DO THREE DIMENSIONAL MAPPING IS YOU HAVE TO HANG THESE TRACINGS ON SOMETHING. YOU HAVE TO HANG THEM ON A COORDINATE FRAMEWORK. SO WE ARE TRACKING THERE COORDINATE FRAMEWORK GENERATION FOR THE ORGANS THAT WE HAVE IN COMMON AND THEY ARE TRACKING OURS. AND WE ARE GOING TO TRY HARD TO NOT MAKE TWO OF SOMETHING WHERE WE CAN MAKE ONE OF SOMETHING. THAT'S ONE YOU SHALL SHOE. ANOTHER ISSUE IS THEY ARE EXPRESSION PERSON, ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY GISMO PERSON, SO I WILL PROBABLY MESS THIS UP BUT ONE YOU SHALL SHOE IS CELL NUCLEI AND LARGE PARTS OF THE IS REALLY FAR FROM THE ORGAN, SOMETIMES SPINAL CORD, GAIN GANGLIA, SOMETIMES IN BRAIN STEM SO WHEN YOU PROCURE TISSUE, IF YOU PROCURE TISSUE WITH INTENT TO SAY MAP ALL THE PANCREATIC ISLET, THERE'S A GOOD CHANCE PART OF THE NERVE ARE NOT IN THAT TISSUE ANY MORE BY THE TIME YOU GET TO IT. SO I PICKED THAT AS AN ORGAN EXAMPLE. SCOOM UP BITS OF -- SCOOP UP PITTS OF NEURONS. THAT SAID WE ARE TALKING TO THEM AND TRYING TO FIGURE THIS OUT. >> AND APROPOS TO THE EARLIER CONVERSATION ABOUT DATA AND DATA NAILSIS, SHARING PLATFORM -- NAILSIS, SHARING PLATFORMS BETWEEN PROGRAMS BECOMES KEY. >> YES. THIS TIE INS TO -- THIS TIES INTO THE ECOSYSTEM, IT'S ALL CONNECTED. >> GOOD EXAMPLE OF TWO PROGRAM SHARING A WAY TO DESCRIBE THREE DIMENSIONAL LOCATIONS IN EVENTS AND TISSUES. OTHER COMMENTS? >> IF PEOPLE ARE COMFORTABLE CAN I ASK FOR MOTION TO APPROVE TO REISSUE? >> SO MOVED. >> SECOND. >> SECOND. >> ALL IN FAVOR SAY AYE. >> AYE. >> ON THE PHONE. >> YES. >> THANK YOU, PATTY. ANY OPPOSED? IF ABSTENTIONS? THANK YOU VERY MUCH. THIS CONCEPT IS APPROVED UNANIMOUSLY FOR A REISSUANCE. NOW AS PROMISED WE ARE GOING TO MOVE TO HUB MAP. THIS IS THE LAST COMMON FUND CONCEPT CLEARANCE FOR REISSUANCE OF FUNDING OPPORTUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT U HUMAN BIOMOLECULAR PLATFORM HUB MAP, TRANSFORMATIVE TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY AND TISSUE MAPPING CENTERS. RICHARD CONROY IS LEAD WHO WILL PRESENT THIS CONCEPT AND RICK AND GARY ARE DISCUSSANTS. >> THANKS. CAN EVERYONE HEAR ME? I HAVE A SORE THROAT SO HOPEFULLY PEOPLE ON THE THAT SIDE IF YOU CAN'T HEAR ME LET ME KNOW. THANKS FOR INTRODUCING THIS AND THANKS FOR THE COUNCIL MEMBERS FOR STICKING WITH THIS. THIS IS A LONG DAY OF DIFFERENT CONCEPT CLEARANCES. THE TWO THAT I'M GOING TO PRESENT ARE AS PART OF THE HUMAN BIOMOLECULAR ATLAS PROGRAM OR HUB MAP. THESE ARE BOTH REISSUANCES IN LINE WITH OVERALL CONCEPT OF HUB MA'AM PROGRAM PRESENTED IN 2017. FIRST CONCEPT CLEARANCE IS REISSUE OF TRANSFORMATIVE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ANNOUNCEMENT. THE GOAL OF THIS IS TO ACCELERATE EARLY STAGE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT WHICH IF SUCCESSFUL IS INCORPORATED TO THE PROGRAM AND PARTICULARLY TISSUE MAPPING CENTERS LATER IN THE PROGRAM. SO PART OF THE REASON WHY WE ARE INTERESTED IN REISSUING THIS IS THAT DESPITE EMERGENCE OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES OVER THE PAST IN PARTICULAR TWO YEARS SINCE THE PROGRAM CAME TO FRUITION, WE BELIEVE THERE'S NUMBER OF AREAS THERE'S STILL NEED FOR TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT. A LOT OF THE ADVANCES OF BEING PRIMARILY ON THE SEQUENCING AND IMAGING SITE AND PRIMARILY FOCUSED ON WHAT HAPPENS WITHIN THE CELL, AS IT RELATES TO THE PROTOYOAM OR -- PROTEOME OR TRINS SCRIPTOME OF THE -- TRANSCRIPTOME OF THE CELL. I WILL POINT OUT THE CHANGES WE ARE ADOPTING INTO ANNOUNCEMENTS BUT BEAR IN MIND FOR ALL THESE WE HAVE EXISTING AWARDS FUNDED TWO YEARS AGO AND WE HAVE BEEN TRYING TO LEARN OVER THE PAST TWO YEARS WHY CHANGES WE CAN MAKE IN ORDER TO CONTINUE GROWING THE PROGRAM AND BUILDING A MORE COMPREHENSIVE VIEW OF WHAT HAPPENS IN HUMAN TISSUES. SO THE SECOND OF THE TWO CONCEPTS FOR CLEARANCE IS IT SHALL SHOE MAGGING CENTER ANNOUNCEMENT MENTIONED EARLIER. THIS RFA IS DESIGNED TO SUPPORT DATA GENERATION FOR THE PROGRAM. AND PROVIDE COMPREHENSIVE HIGH RESOLUTION BIOMOLECULAR INFORMATION TO ENABLE 3-D MAPPING OF HUMAN TISSUES. TO JUST UNDER YEAR AGO WE FUNDED FIVE OF THESE CENTERS AS PART OF THE KICK OFF FOR THE PROGRAM. WE RECEIVED MANY MORE APPLICATIONS FOR THAT RFA THAN WE EXPECTED. THERE ARE MANY MORE OTHER APPLICATIONS WE WANTED TO FUND AT THE TIME. SO AGAIN, IN THIS CASE WE FEEL MANY OPPORTUNITIES HERE THAT SUPPORT REISSUANCE OF THIS PARTICULAR RFA. IN BOTH CASES WE ASK COUNCIL TO SUPPORT REISSUANCE WITH SOME MINOR UP DAITSZ I WILL TRY -- UPDATES I WILL TRY TO DESCRIBE DURING THE PRESENTATION. SO JUST AS A RECAP FOR THE GOALS AND INITIATIVES OF HUBMAP, TWO YEARS AGO SINCE THE PROGRAM WAS APPROVED BY THIS COUNCIL, I WANTED TO JUST GO OVER QUICKLY OVER THE VISION AND REMIND PEOPLE THE VISION IS COCATALYZE DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPREHENSIVE ATLAS OF CELL ORGANIZATION IN HUMAN TISSUES. AND THE GOAL IS TO TRY TO ELUCIDATE THIS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TISSUE ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTION. WE HAVE FIVE DIFFERENT GOALS AS PART OF THIS LISTED ON THE LEFT HERE. TRANSFORMATIVE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS, RFA FITS INTO THE FIRST OF THESE, TISSUE MAPPING SENTENCER FITS -- CENTER FITS IN THE SECOND. I ALSO WANTED TO MENTION IN PARTICULAR THE FOURTH OF THESE GOALS, COME UP A NUMBER OF TIMES ALREADY. WE BOTH NIH STAFF AS WELL AS PEOPLE WHO WE FUNDED SPEND A LARGE PERCENTAGE OF TIME TRYING TO WORK OUTS HOW TO COLLABORATE WITH AND COORDINATE OUR EFFORTS WITH OTHER PROGRAMS. THESE ARE BOTH NIH PROGRAMS FOR EXAMPLE SPARC WAS ALREADY MENTIONED, BRAIN INITIATIVE AS WELL AS INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS SUCH AS HUMAN CELL ATLAS AND HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS SO WE ARE VERY AWARE AND ACUTELY AWARE OF MANY ISSUES BROUGHT UP EARLIER. SO WE SPEND A LOT OF TIME THINKING ABOUT AND TRYING TO BE PROACTIVE ABOUT THINKING ABOUT FOR EXAMPLE META DATA SCHEMAS, THINKING COMMON DATA ANALYSIS AND SOME OF THE FUNDING WE HAVE GIVEN PART OF OUR END OF YEAR FUNDING TO SUPPORT THOSE TYPES OF ACTIVITIES. AND PROMOTE COLLABORATION AND COORDINATION WITH OTHER PROGRAMS. SO JUST TO MENTION AS PART OF THE CONL SEPTEMBER, THE TRANSFORMATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND RERELEASED ON BIOANNUAL BASIS SO EVERY TWO YEARS STARTING FY 18 AND THEN AGAIN IN FY 20 AND FY 22. THIS WAS PART O A PLAN TO DELIBERATELY GROW THE PROGRAM OVER TIME. IN PARTICULAR TO GROW IT IN A WAY THAT REFLECTS THE RAPIDLY CHANGING ECOSYSTEM, THAT REARE PART OF. HOW FAST TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IS HAPPENING WITHIN THE FIELD. AND ALSO TO REALIZE THAT SOME OF THE CHALLENGES WITH PARTICULAR TISSUES NEED TO HAVE PARTICULAR TECHNOLOGIES IN PLACE AND ENOUGH PRELIMINARY RESULTS TO REALLY PROMOTE TO LEVEL OF BEING PART OF A TISSUE MAPPING CENTER. TO HIGH HEIGHT TRANSFORMATIVE DEVELOPMENT AND TISSUE MAPPING CENTER AWARDS. THE WORKING GROUP IS DISCUSSES THIS EXTENSIVELY AND WE BELIEVE THERE ARE A NUMBER OF OPPORTUNITIES IN BOTH CASES. SO OVER THE PAST TWO YEARS AS MENTIONED WE HAVE SEEN SIGNIFICANT ENHANCEMENTS IN TERMS OF THE DEPTH OF ANALYSIS THAT CAN BE ACHIEVED, RESOLUTION, THROUGH PUT OF DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES. AT LEAST IN THE CASE OF TRANSFORMATIVE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT I WANT TO TRY THE HIGHLIGHT THREE AREAS WE FEEL THAT USEFUL AND B CRITICAL TO SHIEP A HIGHLIGHT ON. UNDERSTANDING THE GENOME TRANSCRIPTSOME AND PROTOYOAM OF THE CELL. THERE'S OTHER FUNCTIONAL MODELS IN THE CELLS AND LIPS ARE A GOOD EXAMPLE. THIS IS ONE AREA WE WANT TO TRY TO EMPHASIZE MORE IN TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ANNOUNCEMENT. THE SECOND IS MODIFICATION FUNCTIONAL MODIFICATIONS TO BOTH PROTEINS AND RNA. AGAIN WE DON'T HAVE GOOD WAYS OF RESOLVING THESE WELL WITH CURRENT METHODS AND BY SHINEING A LIGHT ON THIS IS A CHALLENGE IN THE FIELD I THINK IT WOULD GET US CLOSER TO UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TISSUE ORGANIZATION AND OVERALL FUNCTION. A THIRD AREA I WANT TO CALL OUT, AGAIN THIS IS BEEN CENTRAL THEME OF THE PROGRAM SO FAR BUT MORE STRONGLY WITH REISSUE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ANNOUNCEMENT IS TAKING MORE COMPREHENSIVE VIEW OFFISH THE TISSUE. MOST TECHNIQUES WE EMPLOY LOOK WITHIN CELLS SO LOOKS AT INTRACELLULAR SPACE, NUCLEI OF THE CELLS FOR SEQUENCING, OR CELL SURFACE MARKERS BUT RARELY LOOK AT WHAT HAPPENS IN THE EXTRA CELLULAR ENVIRONMENT. THAT'S OBVIOUSLY A BIG PART OF ORGANIZATION OF TISSUE, THAT'S A LOT OF REASONS TO EXTEND OUR ANALYSIS MORE INTO LOOKING AT THE EXTRA CELLULAR ENVIRONMENT IN RELATION TO WHAT'S GOING ON WITHIN CELLS SO I WANTED TO HIGHLIGHT THOSE AS THREE AREAS THAT WE WOULD LOOK AT AS BEING MINOR MODIFICATIONS IN TERMS OF DIRECTION OF THIS PARTICULAR RFA. WITH THE TESH SHOE MAPPING CENTER -- IT SHALL SHOE MAPPING CENTER IF -- TISSUE MAPPING CENTER, THERE'S MORE COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF BOTH TECHNIQUES AS WELL AS TISSUES WE ARE LOOKING AT BUT THE FIGURE ON THE RIGHT HERE IS JUST AN ILLUSTRATION OF WHERE HUBMAP SITS WITH TEN TISSUES IN RELATION TO HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS IN GREEN. WHAT HAPPENED AS PARTS OF THE GTEX WHICH ARE ORANGE BLOCKS. YOU CAN SEE WHERE WE START WITH OUR TEN IT SHALL SHOES AND -- TISSUES AND LESS THAN 50 DONORS IS FAR BEHIND WHERE OTHER PROGRAMS HAVE ENDED UP. WE BELIEVE THAT BY REISSUING THE TISSUE MAPPING CENTER ANNOUNCEMENT WE CAN FILL IN SOME OF THOSE GAPS AS WELL AS ADDRESS ISSUES SUCH AS GETTING MORE DIVERSITY AMONG TISSUE DONORS THAT ARE REPRESENTED WITHIN THE COHORTS WE ARE STUDYING. TO HIGHLIGHT, WE WANT TO ENCOURAGE THE USE OF ONE AREA WE DIDN'T HAVE AN APPLICATION IN THAT WE ARE KEEN TO SUPPORT WORK IN IS THE STUDY OF MULTIPLE TISSUES FROM THE SAME DONOR. IT WASN'T AN AREA WE EXPLICIT LAY CALLED OUT BUT WE BELIEVE THERE'S A NUMBER OF IMPORTANT BIOLOGICAL QUESTIONS THAT WOULD REQUIRE LOOKING AT THE MULTIPLE TISSUES FROM THE SAME DOER NO. -- DONOR. ANOTHER AREA WE ARE KEEN TO CALL OUT AS PART OF THE TISSUE MAPPING CENTER ANNOUNCEMENT IS FOR APPLICANTS TAKE A MORE MULTI-SCALE MULTI-PLEKSED APPROACH IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND FEATURES THAT EXIST AT DIFFERENT SKILLS WITHIN TESH SHOES. -- TISSUES. AGAIN, I THINK THIS REFLECTS WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED FROM OUR PREVIOUS ROUND OF FUNDING, THIS WAS NOT SOMETHING WE PARTICULARLY ENCROORNLG GROUPS TO -- ENCOURAGE GROUPS TO LOOK AT BUT MOVING FORWARD THIS IS SOMETHING THAT WILL BE INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT. A THIRD AREA WE WANTED TO CALL OUT IS NEXT TISSUE MAPPING ANNOUNCEMENT IS TISSUES NOT CURRENTLY STUDIED WITHIN THE CONSORTIUM OR STUDIED SIGNIFICANT OR STUDIED BY OTHER LARGE PROGRAMS SUCH AS FOR EXAMPLE, BRAIN INITIATIVE AND BRAIN INITIATIVE CELL CENSUS NETWORK. TO SAY QUICKLY ABOUT THE TRANSFORMATIVE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, ANNOUNCEMENT, WHAT HAPPENED WITH OUR PREVIOUS ROUND, AGAIN, STILL VERY EARLY DAYS. THESE AWARDS ARE LESS THAN A YEAR OLD. FOR FY 18 COHORT WE FUNDED FOUR AWARDS, WE EXPECT TO FUND A SIMILAR NUMBER NEXT YEAR. AS AN EXAMPLE HERE IS SHOWN ON THE RIGHT HAND SIDE, THIS IS WORK FROM -- GROUP AT HARVARD. THE CHALLENGE WAS HIM TRYING TO ADDRESS HOW TO IMAGE PROTEINS EXPRESSED AT VERY DIFFERENT LEVELS WITHIN TISSUES. SO HE CAME -- HE HAS COME UP WITH THIS APPROACH FOR BEING ABLE TO CONTROL AMPLIFICATION OF THE FLUORESCENCE FROM DIFFERENT IMMUNOLABELLED PROTEINS. I GUESS THE ADVANTAGE OF THE OTHER ADVANTAGE OF THIS PARTICULAR TECHNIQUE IS ALSO SPEEDS UP THE ABILITY TO IMAGE TISSUE SLICES. THIS IS THE KIND OF TECHNOLOGY THAT WE FUNDED IN THE FIRST ROUND BUT AS I MENTIONED, I THINK WE WOULD MODIFY SOME OF THE AREAS OF FOCUS TO TRY TO ENCOURAGE WORK IN AREAS WHERE THERE'S NOT AS MUCH TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT GOING ON IN. ANOTHER NOT EXPLICIT CONSIDERATION OF THE THIS RFA IT'S IMPORTANT TO NOTE TWO OF THE FOUR RFAs WE FUNDED DIDN'T HAVE SIGNIFICANT NIH FUNDING. PRIOR TO THE AWARDS. I THINK IN PART THIS IS BECAUSE OF THE WAY THE ANNOUNCEMENT IS STRUCTURED IT DOESN'T REQUIRE -- BASICALLY ASKS FOR TECHNOLOGIES THERE'S NO PUBLISHED -- NO PROOF OF PRINCIPLE IN THE PUBLISHED LITERATURE, SO THIS IS AMENABLE TO EARLY CAREER STAGE INVESTIGATORS AND AMONG APPLICATIONS WE RECEIVE MANY OF THE APPLICANTS WERE IN THE TENURE TRACK OR EQUIVALENT OF TENURE TRACK PROCESS. Z TISSUE MAPPING CENTER ANNOUNCEMENT, BACK AND MENTIONER SOME OF THE ADVANCES GOING ON THERE OVER THE PAST YEAR, THIS IS FROM RICHARD'S AND JEFF AT VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY, WORK FROM THEIR CENTER, ILLUSTRATES TWO KEY POINTS KEEN PROMOTE PART OF THE TISSUE MAPPING CENTER FUNDING OPPORTUNITY. SO THE FIRST OF THESE IS YOU CAN'T SEE DETAILS VERY WELL BUT IF ANYONE IS INTERESTED PLEASE LOOK AT THE PAPER. THE FIRST OF THESE IS THEY USE AUTOFLUORESCENCE OF THE TISSUES AND THEY USE THOSE THEN USE THOSE TO COMPUTATIONALLY ENHANCE THE RESOLUTION OF THEIR IMAGING MASS SPECTROMETRY APPROACHES SO THAT ALLOWS THEM TO GET TO CLOSE TO CELLULAR RESOLUTION WITH IMAGING MASS SPEC APPROACHES WHICH OTHERWISE WOULDN' BE POSSIBLE. I THINK THIS IS THE -- THIS INTEGRATION OF DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES TOGETHER AND BEING ABLE TO USE STRENGTH OF ONE IN ORDER TO ENHANCE THE OTHER IS SOMETHING WE ARE KEEN TO DO AS PART OF THIS PARTICULAR RFA. THE SECOND IS ILLUSTRATED IN THE BOTTOM PANEL, MAY NOT BE OBVIOUS BUT WHAT IS GOING ON HERE IS IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY IMAGE ON THE LEFT-HAND SIDE. WHICH ARE LABELING C PEPTIDES AND GLUGOGON. ON THE BOTTOM FOUR PANELS ON THE RIGHT HAND SIDE THOSE ARE ILLUSTRATING THE WORK BEING DONE WITH IMAGING MASS SPEC. WITH IMAGING MASS SPEC ABLE TO RESOLVE FOUR DIFFERENT VARIANTS OF THE GM 3 LIPID SO YOU CAN SEE THE THREE LABELED THERE, SO AGAIN, THIS INTEGRATION OF DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES ALLOWS THE ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND INTERACTION OF PARTICULAR BIOMOLECULES, PRESENT IN CELLS AT THE SAME TIME. Z AND JOINT ANALYSIS ACROSS TECHNIQUES IS SOMETHING CENTRAL TO WHAT WE ARE LOOKING FOR AS PART OF THE TISSUE MAPPING CENTER ANNOUNCEMENT. TO SUMMARIZE THE NIH HUBMAP WORKING GROUP IS ASKING COUNCIL OF COUNCILS TO APROVE REISSUE OF BOTH RFAs IN ACCORDANCE WITH ROADMAP FOR THE PROGRAM WITH NUMBER OF MINOR MODIFICATIONS THAT I TRIED TO ILLUSTRATE. SO AS DESCRIBED EARLIER, THE ROADMAP CALLS FOR THESE RFAs TO BE ISSUED ON BIOANNUAL DATA AND DATA GENERATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE PROGRAM. IN BOTH CASES, WHAT WE SEE IS OUR GOALS TO INCREASE SYNERGY WITH OTHER PROGRAMS AND I MENTION A NUMBER EARLIER, AND I'M SURE A NUMBER OF YOU ARE ALSO INVOLVED WITH OTHER EFFORTS YOU CAN SEE HOW THIS DATA MAY BE RELATED. SECONDLY, INCREASE TAKE ADVANTAGE OF SOME OF THE ADVANTAGES, SOME ADVANCES THAT HAPPENED OVER THE PAST TWO YEARS. AGAIN, THERE'S A WELTD OF PROGRAMS FINDING WORK IN THIS AREA. THERE'S EXCITING TECHNOLOGY& DEVELOPMENT GOING ON, PART OF THE REASON FOR PROGRAM TBRA JULIE OVER FOUR YEARS IS TRY TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THESE TECHNIQUES SO WE CAN INCORPORATE THEM INTO OUR OWN APPROACHES FOR MAPPING. THEN FINALLY, ADDRESS THE KEY POINT PARTICULARLY FOR THE TISSUE MAPPING CENTER, REISSUE IS TO ADDRESS SOME OF THE GAPS BUILDING A COMPREHENSIVE VIEW OF BIOMOLECULAR DISTRIBUTION IN HUMAN TISSUE. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION AND HAPPY TO TAKE ANY QUESTIONS. >> THANKS, RICHARD. WE FIRST BEFORE WE HAVE DISCUSSION WE HAVE ASKED FIRST RICK THEN GARY TO OFFER COMMENTS ON THIS CONCEPT. >> I'LL GO FIRST. >> SURE. >> SO THIS HUMAN ATLAS ARE BEGINNING TO EMERGE AS THE NEXT MAJOR STEP IN THE GENOMIC E RA. BASED ON GENE EXPRESSION. SOME OF THE OTHER OMIX ARE STARTING TO COME INTO PLAY. AND THE IDEA IS WHICH I THINK IS TRUE, THAT THE ATLAS IS GOING TO FUEL BASIC SCIENCE, IT WILL LEAD TO IDENTIFICATION UNDERSTANDING OF NEW CELL TYPES AND STATES, BASELINE FOR DISEASE AND ON AND& ON. SO IT WILL BE GOOD. THE NIH IS NOT THE ONLY PLAYER AS RICHARD ALLUDED TO, THE -- IT'S A CENTRAL GOAL OF THE ZUCKERBURG INITIATIVE, BRAIN INITIATIVE IS INVOLVE AND EUROPEAN CON CONSORTIUM AMONG OTHERS. INTERESTINGLY SO FAR NO ONE OWNS IT INTELLECTUALLY OR FINANCIALLY THOUGH THE VACUUM IS BEGINNING -- MIGHT BE FILLING IN SOON. IN THIS CONTEXT IT WASN'T CLEAR WHAT NICHE THE INITIATIVE IS TRYING TO OCCUPY. LOOK AT THE SPECTRUM OF THE FOUR THINGS IT PROPOSES THESE TWO AND OTHERS SEEMS LIKE IT'S TRYING TO DO ALL DEVELOP TOOLS ATLASES PROVIDE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SHARING AND THEN DEVELOPING UNSPIRING USE CASES FOR -- INSPIRING USE CASES FOR TRACTION. BUT THE FUNDING IS SMALL. SO YOU TRYING TO DO ALL WITHOUT A LOT OF MONEY. THIS IS QUESTIONS WHETHER THIS SHOULD BE A MUCH LARGER INITIATIVE LIKE BRAIN OR CANCER MOON SHOT OR WHETHER STRATEGIC ADVANTAGES OR OPPORTUNITIES OUGHT TO BE FUNDED. IN THIS CONTEXT THEN, I WOULD LIKE TO EACH OF THESE, O SO THE TRANSFORMATIVE TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE, TO ME SEEMS TWO TOO SMALL AND NOT TRANSFORMATIVE AS IT LOOKS SO FAR AND I REALIZE IT'S REALLY EARLY. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IS A TO DOES OF IT BOTH INTERNALLY I.E. THEY HAVE THEIR OWN FACEBOOK PEOPLE, DOING THIS STUFF FOR OTHERS AND THEY ARE ALSO EXTERNALLY FUNDING WORTH IN THE BAY AREA AND ELSEWHERE. THE SUCCESSES THAT WERE PRESENTED, REALLY ONLY A YEAR, SEEM INCREMENTAL GIVEN SPACE OF WHAT IS OUT THERE AND MORE IMPORTANTLY, SOME OF THE LABS FUND FORD DOING THIS KIND OF WORK, CAPRIOLI RICHARD BROUGHT OUT. THIS IS WHAT HE DOES. THE QUESTION IS, IS IT SCALABLE AND WILL IT WILL USEFUL FOR OTHERS IN CONTEXT OF GENERATING MAPS OF ORGANS. I'M JUST NOT SURE. BUT I THINK THESE THINGS AT THIS FUNDING SCALE REALLY QUESTION HOW THIS IS GOING TO WORK IN MY VIEW. ANOTHER ISSUE IS -- WHICH IS SORT OF ON THE SIDE, IS THAT SOME OF THE PAPERS, AGAIN OUT OF THE LAB, WERE BEHIND A PAY WALL AND NOT ACCESSIBLE TO ME AND ONE OF THEM YOU COULDN'T LINK TO FROM PUBMED SO OBSCURE PLACES, AND NOT GENERALLY -- THESE ARE SMALL THINGS BUT THEY ARE JUST THERE. IF YOU LOOK AT THE GRANTS THERE'S A LOT OF GRANTS INVOLVED IN ONE CASE THIS INITIATIVE WAS NOT OBVIOUSLY EVEN CITED. SO AGAIN, VERY YOUNG BUT I WONDER IF YOU ARE HAVING AN IMPACT HERE GIVEN THE SPECTRUM OF THE SPACE. IN CONTRAST, THE TISSUE MAPPING IS REALLY, REALLY GOING TO BE COOL. IT'S IMPORTANT, IT'S GOOD: IT TOO IS FUNDED ON SMALL SCALE BUT AT LEAST ENOUGH TO GET SOMETHING DONE. SO THAT'S AT 4 MILLION A YEAR, THE OTHER ONE WAS AT 1.5 MILLION A YEAR WHICH SEEMS SMALL. LARGE NUMBER OF ORGANS AN DATA ARE BEING CONSIDERED MAKING IT SEEM SCATTER SHOT SO THE SCATTER SHOT PART IS DIFFERENTOMICS. AND SOME ARE SCALABLE AND SOME AREN'T. SOME ARE DEVELOPED, SOME AREN'T. SO IT HA PASS SCATTER SHOT FEEL BUT JUST DOING THIS ON MANY DIFFERENT TISSUES IN MANY TYPES OF INDIVIDUALS IS A PLUS, THERE'S A ROLE TO FEEL AND I STRONGLY SUPPORT THIS. THE KEY HERE IS EFFECT TIFER COORDINATION WITH -- TESKTTIVE -- EFFECTIVE COORDINATION WITH INITIATIVES PANNED DEVELOPMENT OF COMMON STANDARDS, FORMAT VALIDATION METRICS, SO ON. I'M VERY EXCITED ABOUT THIS, LESS ENTHUSIASTIC ABOUT THE FIRST PART. >> I'LL JUST SAY RECOGNIZING I DIDN'T TALK ABOUT THIS AT ALL UNTIL THIS MORNING BUT I WOULD NOT REPEAT BUT CONCUR STRONGLY. I WILL SAY IN A SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT WAY. I THINK TISSUE MAPPING IS GREAT. SO IMPORTANT AND RESTRICTED AT LEAST IN YOUR ANNOUNCEMENT TO NORMAL TISSUES. BUT I THINK IF PEOPLE CAN PARTNER WITH COMPLETION WHO ARE LOOKING AT THOSE SAME ORGANS, LUPUS, NE FRYTIS, IT WILL BE A GOLD MINE. WE DON'T KNOW WHERE THEY ARE AND PEOPLE ARE DOING SINGLE SCALE NE FRYTIS WITHOUT KNOWING THE BASELINE SO THIS IS CRITICALLY IMPORTANT AND I DON'T THINK ANYBODY OWNS IT. BUT I DO THINK EVERYBODY IS DOING THE TECHNOLOGY, THAT THERE ARE THESE LARGE FOUNDATIONS THAT SEE THIS AS THE FUTURE BECAUSE THEY ARE PEOPLE THAT DO TECHNOLOGY THAT STARTED THIS FOUNDATIONS. WHEN YOU THINK HOLISTICALLY AND WHERE YOU MAKE IMPACT I THINK IF YOU COULD, FUND EVEN BETTER TISSUE MAPPING HOOKING AT TISSUES NOBODY CARIS ABOUT THAT ARE REALLY IMPORTANT. NOBODY IS COG IT NOW BUT WHEN WE DO WEAL DISCOVER HOW POINTER THEY ARE AND REALLY DOING THE FINE ANALYSIS ON THE TISSUES USING THE BEST TECHNOLOGIES AVAILABLE BUT NOT TRY AT THE SAME TIME FOR THIS PROJECT TO BE DEVELOPING THOSE TECHNOLOGIES BECAUSE OTHERS ARE GOING TO DO THAT REALLY WELCH -- WELL. THERE IS MORE MONEY TO PUT TO IT IT WOULD MAKE SENSE BUT I THINK THAT IT WOULDN'T -- THAT'S MY CONCERN, IS THAT YOU ARE GOING TO ROB SOMETHING THAT COULD BE UNIQUELY OWNED, THIS TISSUE MAPPING IN SOME WAYS. AND BY NOT SUPPORTING AS WELL AS ONE POSSIBLY COULD. THAT WAS MY IMPRESSION FROM READING IT AND HEARING THE DESCRIPTION. >> A LOT THERE. DO YOU WANT TO ADDRESS ANY OF THAT? IT MIGHT BE WORTHWHILE THOUGH THE HIVE IS NOT INVOLVED HERE, Q. NAINGS GARY AND RICK FOR THE COMMENTS. WE WOULD AGREE THERE IS TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT GOING ON AND THAT WAS PART OF THE REASON FOR TRYING TO FOCUS ON PARTICULAR AREAS WE KNOW THERE'S NOT RESEARCH WORK GOING ON, WE TALK CONSTANTLY WITH OTHER FUNDERS IN THIS SPACE AND TRY TO COORDINATE. PART OF THE REASON FOR CALLING OUT THE THREE AREAS I MENTIONED EARLIER THESE ARE NOT COVERED BY OTHER PROGRAMS. FOR EXAMPLE, C CI FOCUS FOCUSED ON GENOMIC TRANSCRIPT O MIC PROTOYOAMIC SPACE AND THEY ARE NOT FUNDING ANY WORK ON LIPIDS OR OTHER TYPES OF FUNCTIONAL MODIFICATIONS. SO I THINK AT LEAST FOR THE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT WE WERE TRYING TO PICK OUT PARTICULAR NICHE AISHIAS THAT ARE NOT COVERED BY OTHER PROGRAMS THAT TRY TO -- THAT DO FIT WITH OUR OVERALL MISSION IN WHICH WE THINK ARE GOING TO BE ULTIMATELY IMPORTANT FOR PROGRAM LATER ON. POINT WELL TAKEN. OUR EXPERIENCE WITH THE FIRST ROUND OF APPLICATIONS, AS I MENTIONED, MORE APPLICATIONS FOR IT SHALL SHOE MAPPING -- THAN EXPECTED. THAT REFLECT IT IS ENTHUSIASM AND INTEREST AS WELL AS HOW PEOPLE SEE THE UTILITY OF SOME OF THIS DATA BEING USED. WE ARE TO US CANNED ON NORMAL OR NON-DISEASE TISSUE, WE DO HAVE CONCEPTS LATER IN THE PROGRAM THAT TRY TO MAKE USE OF PURE DATA ALONGSIDE THE GENOME ATLAS NETWORK FUNDED AS PART OF NCI CANCER MOON SHOT, KIDNEY PRECISION MEDICINE PROGRAM, WE HELD A MEETING EARLIER THIS YEAR TO TALK ABOUT AGAIN HOW WHICH SYNERGIZE WHAT WE ARE DOING WITH WHAT THEY ARE DOING. SO WE ARE VERY CONSCIOUS ABOUT MAKING SURE DATA SETS CAN BE ALONGSIDE THE DATA COMING OUT FROM PROGRAMS FOCUSED ON PARTICULAR DISEASES OR PATHOLOGIES. AS JIM MENTIONED, THIS COORDINATION ASPECT IS REALLY A CENTRAL PART OF THE PROGRAM. I THINK TO DRAW OUT SOMETHING I MENTIONED ARACTIVE FEATURE THE TD ANNOUNCEMENT DOES BRING PEOPLE AT EARLIER CAREER STAGE. LIKEWISE, WITH THE HIVE, AGAIN IT WAS AN OPPORTUNITY TO BRING IN BOTH PEOPLE WHO ARE EXPERIENCED WITH DATA COORDINATION AS WELL AS PEOPLE THAT HAVEN'T RECEIVED SIGNIFICANT FUNDING FROM NIH BEFORE BUT HAVE A LOT OF EXPERIENCE IN THE FIELD. USING AS PART OF THE HIVE BECAUSE WE FUNDED THAT AS A GROUP -- COLLECTIVE GROUP OF PROJECTS TOGETHER BRINGING TOGETHER AS YOU HEARD WITH SPARC, ASPECTS OF MAPPING AND WE WORK CLOSELY WITH THE MAPPING GROUP FUNDED PART OF SPARC TO MAKE SURE COMMON COORDINATING FRAMEWORK SYSTEM WE ARE DEVELOPING IS IN LINE WITH THEIRS AS WELL AS WHAT THE ALLEN INSTITUTE IS DOING AS PART OF THE BRAIN INITIATIVE. SO THAT THE HIVE IS REALLY AN IMPORTANT PART OF OUR CON SOR SHAH AND VERY ACTIVE DISCUSSING WITH OTHER GROUPS HOW WE CAN SYNERGIZE THE DATA. I THINK FOR US, THE TISSUE MAPPING CENTERS ARE REALLY THE SOURCE OF THAT DATA AND I THINK OBVIOUSLY WE WANT TO TRY TO MAXIMIZE BOTH THE SCALE AND DEPTH TO WHICH THE MAPPING CENTERS DO THAT IN TERMS OF VOLUME OF TISSUE, OBVIOUSLY THE NUMBER OF SUBJECTS TO LOOK AT, AND THE MOLECULAR COMPLEXITY AND AGAIN, I THINK THIS IS WHERE WE WANT TO GO ABOVE AND BEYOND LOOKING AT THE GENOME AND TRANSCRIPTOME AND PROTOYOAM, BECAUSE AGAIN WE FEEL FROM'S A MUCH MORE -- MUCH DEEPER BIOMOLECULAR INFORMATION, AMONG THE OTHER TYPES OF BIOMOLECULES AS WELL AS EXTRA CELLULAR ENVIRONMENT. I THINK AGAIN, THESE ARE PART OF THE REASON WHY WE WANT TO CALL THOSE AREAS OUT. >> FOR CLARIFICATION, TWO THINGS. ONE IS OF COURSE YOUR INVESTIGATORS WHO ARE DOING TISSUE MAPPING CAN AS NEW TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOP WILL ELSEWHERE, WILL TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THOSE. AND THE HIVE REALLY REQUIRES THE MAPPING CENTERS MORE THAN THE NEW TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CENTERS, CORRECT? OKAY. AMONG THE SYNERGIES IS IT AN ERT TO LOOK AT MOUSE AN COMPARE TISSUE MAPPING ALREADY ESTABLISHED THERE? >> THE QUICK ANSWER IS NOT DIRECTLY. THOUGH IT COMES UP IN A PRETTY FREQUENT BASIS PARTICULARLY COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY QUESTIONS. AND WITHIN THE BRAIN INITIATIVE AGAIN, IT'S QUITE A COMMON THEME BECAUSE THEY ARE STUDYING MICE NON-HUMAN PRIMATES AND HUMANS BUT IT'S NOT PARTICULAR FOCUS OF HUBMAP THOUGH WE SEE THIS AS BEING ONE OF THE USE CASES EVENTUALLY FOR THE DATA WE GENERATE. OPERATOR: GENE. -- >> GENE. >> MANY TISSUES ARE NOT THINGS WE CAN GET SAMPLES FROM LIVING HUMANS. HEARTS, PANCREAS. SO CAN YOU GIVE US A FEEL FOR HOW THE FIRST ROUND OF APPLICATIONS AND THE FIRST ROUND OF FUNDED PROJECTS FOR THE ATLAS ADDRESSED THE COMPLEXITIES OF OBTAINING TISSUES IN A STANDARDIZED WAY? LIPIDS WILL BE VASTLY DIFFERENT DEPENDING FROM A HARVESTED FROM A HEART OF A MOUSE DEPENDING ON WHETHER YOU EUTHANIZE THE MOUSE BY CERVICAL DISLOCATION OR BY GIVING YOUTH NAY SHAH, IT CAN BE A TOTALLY DIFFERENT PICTURE. ONE CONCERN WOULD BE HOW -- WHAT ARE YOUR VISION FOR STANDARDIZATION AND WHAT'S GOING TO BE CONSIDERED NORMAL IN TERMS OF TISSUE PROCESSING? P P PARTICULARLY IN THOSE CASES IT'S NOT EASY TO GET TISSUE EXCEPT POSTMORTEM? >> GREAT QUESTION. THANKS TO KRISTEN FOR SOLVING THESE PROBLEMS AS PART OF GTECHS. WE LEARNED A LOT FROM WHAT THEY HAVE DONE BUT TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTION, THERE'S THREE MAIN SOURCES FOR THE TISSUES WE GET. ONE IS FROM AS A BY-PRODUCT OF SURGERY, SECOND RAPID AUTOPSIES AND THIRD IS TRANSPLANTS. SO THOSE ARE OUR THREE SOURCES -- THREE PRIMARY SOURCES OF TISSUE. EACH COME WITH PARTICULAR CHALLENGES, ASSOCIATED WITH EACH OF THEM THAT PARTICULARLY FOR ASSAYS THAT REQUIRE FRESH TISSUE OR COMPLEX. SO EACH OF THE CENTERS, AGAIN THIS WAS PART OF HOW WE STRUCTURED THE TISSUE MAPPING CENTER. WE DIDN'T WANT TO HAVE A CENTRALIZED TUSH SHOE CORE THAT DISTRIBUTED THE TISSUES OUT BUT TRIED TO UTILIZE EXPERTISE WITHIN EACH INDIVIDUAL GROUP TO MINIMIZE THE LENGTH OF TIME BETWEEN TISSUE ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS AND MUCH AS POSSIBLE PROMOTE USE OF FRESH TISSUE. EITHER THAT OR FROZEN. BUT DEPENDS ON TYPE OF ANALYSIS& EACH GROUP IS DOING. SO THE WAY WE LOOK IS EFFECTIVELY THERE'S TISSUE SCORE CARD. DEPENDING ON TISSUE TYPE BECAUSE DIFFERENT TISSUES DEGRADE AT DIFFERENT GRADES WITHIN THE TISSUE THERE'S VARIABLE REGIONS. AND FOUR DIFFERENT TYPES OF BIOMOLECULES DEGRADE AT DIFFERENT RATES AND AGAINST THAT YOU HAVE THE DIFFERENT ASSAYS THAT YOU WANT TO EMPLOY. SO TRYING TO STANDARDIZE BOTH PRIMARILY FOCUS ON THE META DATA ASPECT OF IMPORTANT PARAMETERS WE NEED TO RECORD ADS PART OF TISSUE ACQUISITION PROCESS, SO NOT NECESSARILY STANDARDIZING THE PROCESS. BUT STANDARDIZING INFORMATION WE COLLECT AS PART OF THE THAT, GIVEN WE ARE WORKING AT THIS POINT WITH FIVE DIFFERENT GROUPS. FOUR COLLECTING TISSUE, HARD TO GET THEM TO AGREE DOING THE SAME WAY BECAUSE OBVIOUSLY THE TISSUES ARE COMING FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES, BY DIFFERENT COLLECTED BY DIFFERENT PEOPLE. DETAILS HOW THEY'RE CHECKED TO BUILD UP THIS VIEW OF WHAT A SCORE CARD MIGHT LOOK LIKE AND IF APPROPRIATE FOR DOING A PARTICULAR ANALYSIS ON THAT TISSUE BECAUSE OF THE WAY IT WAS COLLECTED. >> ASK FOR A MOTION TO VOTE. WHEN WE STARTED THIS PROGRAM WE DID IT IN RECOGNIZING THAT THIS WAS IN THE INTERNATIONAL MATRIX OF EFFORTS FROM OTHER GROUPS. SO CONSTANT COMMUNICATION WITH THEM AND AS HUMAN ACTIVITY. A SOCIOLOGY EXPETER HOW TO WORK WITH GROUPS AND DECIDE WHO DOES WHAT. WHAT IS THE SWEET SPOT FOR NIH NOW AND HOW CAN WE HELP >> ARE YOU IN A POSITION TO TALK THE NEXT INTERNATIONAL MEETING YOU ARE COORDINATING? >> YES WHAT JIM IS MENTIONING WE HAVE A MEETING PLAN MARCH OF NEXT YEAR BRINGING TOGETHER WIDE VARIETY OF DIFFERENT NIH CONSORTIA. WORKING THIS SPACE. SO WE MENTIONED THE BRAIN INITIATIVE. THERE'S THE PRECISION MEDICINE PROGRAM, ATLAS NETWORK. LUNG MAP, THERE'S MJAM A WIDE RANGE OF PROGRAMS WITHIN NIH. THEN AS ALSO MENTION AD WIDE RANGE OF INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS FOR EXAMPLE FUNDED BY CCI AS PART OF THE CELL ATLAS. WELCOME TRUST IS FUNDED FOR DIFFERENT PROJECTS, MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL IN THE UK. SO THE GOAL IS TO BRING ALL THESE GROUPS TOGETHER TO TALK AGAIN ABOUT MANY ISSUES THAT HAVE COME UP EARLIER TODAY. HOW DO WE APPROACH THINGS LIKE DATA STANDARD, CAN WE AGREE ON AT LEAST A SMALL UNIVERSE OF DATA STANDARDS WE USE FOR EACH OF THE DIFFERENT ASSAYS. CAN WE THINK ABOUT COMMON OUTPUTS FROM DATA ANALYSIS PIPELINES THAT WE CAN ALL AGREE ON. THOSE DON'T NEED TO BE THE ONLY ONES OR UNIQUE ONES BUT AGAIN IT HELPS WITH THE JOINT ANALYSIS OF DATA COMING OFF DIFFERENT PROGRAMS. THEN THERE'S A BUNCH OF OTHER DIFFERENT AREAS. SOME OF THE AREAS RELATED TO TISSUE COLLECTION. SHARING PROCESSES. WHEN YOU PROCESS TISSUE FOR IMAGING MASS SPEC IS QUITE DIFFERENT HOW YOU DO IT FOR RNA SCENING -- SEQ. SO TRYING THE SHARE BEST PRACTICE IS A KEY PART OF THE SO THREE DAY MEETING MARCH 30TH THROUGH APRIL 1 AND DETAILS OF THAT ARE DUE TO GO OUT NEXT WEEK. >> WE ARE RUNNING OVER A LITTLE BIT. >> RICHARD WHO I HAVE SEEN FROM THE OUTSIDE IS DONE A TERRIFIC JOB ON COORDINATION. I FEEL CONFIDENT THAT THAT PART IS GOING TO BE -- HAS BEEN IS BEING AND WILL BE DONE WELL. >> I CAN TELL YOU WE HIT OR MARCHING ORDERS FROM FRANCIS ON THAT ONE P WE ARE ATTENTIVE TO THAT ISSUE AND WHAT CAN NIH DO TO MOVE THE WORLD FORWARD. I WILL ASK IF FOLKS ARE READY TO MOVE TO APPROVE REISSUANCE CONCEPTS FOR THE TRANSFORMATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND TISSUE MAPPING CENTERS. DO I HEAR A MOVE? A MOTION THE APPROVE? >> THEY ARE LINKED SO WE ARE DOING BOTH? OR BENEATH SNER OR NEITHER? IS THAT WHAT YOU ARE ASKING? >> WE CAN DO THEM SEPARATELY. >> I HAVE REALLY HIGH ENTHUSIASM FOR THE TISSUE MAPPING, AND I JUST -- >> LET'S DO THAT THEN. LET'S HAVE A MOTION TO APPROVE THE TISSUE MAPPING CENTERS. >> SECOND. ALL IN FAVOR. PAUL ARE YOU ON THE LINE STILL? >> YES. AYE. >> PATTY HAD TO DROP OFF. ANY OPPOSED? ABSTENTIONS? THAT INITIATIVE REISSUE WEDNESDAY IS CLEAR. -- REISSUANCE IS CLEAR. IS THERE DISCUSSION HOW YOU WANT TO MAKE A MODIFICATION OR A RECOMMENDATION TO CHANGE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT? >> YEAH, MY PROBLEM WITH IT IS AS A REVIEWER OF IT, IS THAT I JUST DON'T SEE THE BANG FOR THE BUCK. I WOULD RATHER MOVE THOSE RESOURCES TO THE TISSUE MAPPING WHICH I THINK IS REALLY IMPORTANT AND COOL. AND I THINK THE NIH WON'T DO WHAT I THINK YOU WERE JUST ASKING ABOUT AND FINDING ITS SWEET SPOT WITH TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, WITH THOSE SORTS OF RESOURCES. BUT THAT IS JUST MY FEELING. >> RICHARD, IT IS YOUR GOAL TO FOCUS ON THINGS OTHERS AREN'T DOING. AS OPPOSED TO DUPLICATE. >> YES, VERY MUCH TO MAKE SURE WHAT WE DO IS SYNERGISTIC. I THINK I WOULD SAY AT LEAST FOR US, TWO MAIN REASONS TO REACH TOWARDS TRANSFORMATIVE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IS I THINK BOTH INTRODUCES EARLIER CAREER STAGE RESEARCHERS TO THE CON SOURCE SHUM. LOOK AT THE TISSUE MAPPING CENTERS ALL THE PEOPLE WHO DO WELL IN THAT ANNOUNCEMENT ARE SEASONED VISITORS. SO IT CERTAINLY SKEWS THE MAKEUP OF THE CON SOURCE SHUM. BACK TO SAY THERE ARE A WIDE RANGE OF DIFFERENT CHALLENGES OUT THERE, WHERE PEOPLE AROUND FOCUSING ON DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGIES, THERE IS A RUSH TOWARDS TRABS TRANSCRIPT O MIC METHODS. UNDERSTAND THE STRUCTURE OF THE GENOME. SO I THINK THAT'S PLENTY OF SPACE IN TERMS OF FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT BUT I ALSO AGREE THERE'S MORE INTEREST IN TISSUE MAPPING CENTER IN TERMS OF BUDGET THAN WE HAVE CAPABILITY TO FUND. FROM >> LISTENING TO THE CONVERSATION IS HELPFUL SO APPRECIATE THE COMMENT. BUT ONE SUGGESTION MIGHT BE THAT WE ENSURE THAT THIS TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE IS VERY TIGHTLY FOCUSED ON SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES THAT YOU NAME. ONE OF THE THINGS WE DON'T SEE AMONG TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IS THE METHODS TO LOOK AT THE EXTRA CELLULAR SPACE. THIS IS AN EMPHASIS FOR HUBMAP, NOT EMPHASIS FOR OTHER INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS IN THIS SPACE. WE WANT TO TRY TO CAPTURE THAT. THAT IS A PARTICULAR NEED. LIPIDS WAS ANOTHER ONE, I DON'T REMEMBER THE THIRD THAT YOU MENTIONED. >> FUNCTIONAL MODIFICATIONS OF >> RIGHT. WE DO HAVE SPECIFIC THINGS WE ARE LOOKING FOR, IT'S PART OF REASON WHY THE INTUJT NOT AS BIG AS YOU MIGHT IF YOU WANT TO CAPTURE GLOBAL IDEAS IN THIS SPACE WE WANT TO BE PRETTY FOCUSED. SO I DON'T KNOW IF THAT WOULD REALLY ADDRESS YOUR CONCERNS BUT IF WE SAY WE ARE GOING TO MAKE A TIGHTLY FOCUSED INITIATIVE ADS OPPOSED TO SORT OF ALL COMERS. >> BASED ON WHAT YOU FUNDED, ONE OF THE -- TWO OF THEM ALREADY DOING MAPPING WITH SOMEONE ELSE AND THAT TECHNOLOGY IS ALREADY BEEN WORKED ON. THE MASS SPEC AS POINTED OUT THERE IS A CENTER FOR DOING IT. THEY ARE DOING THAT KIND OF WORK. HOW TO INTEGRATE THAT INTO MAPPING AND IS IT GOING TO SCALE, THAT'S SOMETHING THAT MIGHT BE FUNDED THROUGH A COLLABORATION WITH A MAPPING CENTER TO ACTUALLY GET THAT DONE BUT THAT WORK IS BEING DONE AS WELL. AND THE TWO OTHERS, I'M NOT CONVINCED THEY ARE THAT TRANSFORMATIVE OR AT LEAST SINGULAR APPROACHES. THERE ARE MANY WAYS OF SKINNING THAT CAT SO I'M NOT SURE THAT THIS SCALE IS GOING TO MOVE THE DIAL IN A MEANINGFUL WAY, EVEN WITH YOUR RESPONSES. >> DOES IT HELP THE GROUP INTENTIONAL WHAT WE WAWNTD TO FUND WITH THIS SNIT'S NOT A LARGE PROGRAM BUT HAS SPECIFIC GOALS. >> LIKE AS POINTED OUT YOU WANT TO FUND WHAT THE SPACE BETWEEN CELLS, IF YOU HAD AN RFA FOR THAT SPECIFIC THING AND THERE ARE REALLY IMPACTFUL PROPOSALS THEN YOU COULD DO IT. BUT RIGHT NOW THE RECORD IS NOT IMPRESSIVE. >> IS THAT ACCEPTABLE IF THEY ARE SPECIFIC THAT THEY ARE TRYING TO FILL THE EXTRA CELLULAR SPACE IN THIS RESEARCH AREA? OF THINGS NO ONE ELSE IS DOING? Q. THEN WE NEED TO MOVE FORWARD BECAUSE OUR NEXT SPEAKER HAS A SCHEDULE TOO. >> I WANT TO ADD SOMETHING THAT MIGHT HELP A LITTLE BIT BECAUSE I'M INVOLVED IN ONE OF THESE. TECHNOLOGY GRANTS THAT WAS RECENTLY FUNDED. THE GROUP THERE, IT'S MORE FOCUSED IN A SENSE THE WAY RICHARD WAS DESCRIBING THAN LOOKING HERE IN THE BIC PICTURE, IT WAS EARLY STAGE TECHNOLOGY PROVEN ENOUGH THAT THERE WAS PUBLICATIONS ON IT THAT IT LOOKED GOOD, IT WAS NOT PRESENT IN HUBMAP AND IT WAS TRANSFORMATIVE IN THE SENSE THAT IT WAS -- IT WOULD BRING DATA WE DON'T HAVE AND BRING IT TO THE A HIGHER SCIEL THAN WE HAD -- SCALE SO WE COULD COST REDUCE SO IT WAS FAR ENOUGH ALONG IT WAS NOT DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY, IT WAS OPTIMIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF IT, IF YOU SEE WHAT I MEAN. I THINK YOU ARE RIGHT. THIS FUNDING IS SMALL SO I THINK THE WORDING, THE DEVIL IS IN THE DETAILS OF THE WORDING. I THINK IF THAT IS THE IDEA THAT RICHARD AND THE GROUP HAVE, I'M NOT SURE THE OTHERS BUT I THINK THERE WERE OTHERS LIKE THAT, THE RFA WHEN WE SORT HAD A VERY SPECIFIC LIST OF QUESTIONS TRYING TO ADDRESS THE IMMEDIATE APPLICABILITY, WHO YOU WORK WITH, HOW YOU IMPLEMENT IT HOW TO SCALE. SO I THINK IN THAT SENSE, THERE IS ROOM FOR THIS AREA AND I THINK IF IT'S REFRAIDZED REALLY THE SORT OF OPTIMIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THESE TECHNOLOGIES INTO THE TISSUE MAPPING CENTERS THEN THERE'S SOME REAL VALUE TO IT. >> IS THAT FEASIBLE? >> JUST TO RESPOND TO THAT, I MEAN, I'M NOT INVOLVED IN THAT BUT WHEN YOU SAY OPTIMIZATION IMPLEMENTATION THAT DOESN'T SOUND COMMON FUNDY TO ME. >> I WILL ASK FOR A MOTION TO APPROVE THIS CONCEPT BUT WITH GREAT INDIVIDUAL LENT ATTENTION TO HAVING -- VIGILANT ATTENTION BY HAVING THE UNIQUE INVESTMENT BITHE NIH ON THE VERY IMPORTANT THINGS OTHERS ARE NOT DOING. IT WILL BE PURPOSEFUL. DO I HAVE A MOTION TO APPROVE? >> SECOND? ALL IN FAVOR? >> I HAVE TO HAVE HANDS. >> I WILL COUNT THEM. ONE, TWO, THREE, FOUR, FIVE, 7, 8, 9. 10. Q. OPPOSED. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. >> ABSTENTIONS. DUD WE CAPTURE PAUL. DID YOU VOTE? >> YES. I VOTED AYE. (OFF MIC) >> FOUR PEOPLE LEFT. THAT'S THE CRUX OF THE MATTER IN HERE. I'M JUST TRYING TO IMPLEMENT -- (OFF MIC) >> I JUST TRIED TO IMPLEMENT THE CORRECT -- >> SO WE DON'T HAVE A QUORUM. >> WE HAVE A QUORUM. >> DISPL WE NEED A MAJORITY OF THE QUORUM. >> MAJORITY OF QUORUM, I THINK I ESTABLISHED WE DIDN'T GET THAT BECAUSE WE GOT 11 -- (OFF MIC) >> 11 TO 6. SO IT DOES PASS. IT'S CLEARED BUT WITH AN AB MOW -- AB MY IN ADDITION TO PAY ATTENTION TO COMMENTS MADE. VERY HELPFUL. WE WILL FINISH NOW WITH A PRESENTATION BY DR. STEPHANIE DEVANEY, DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF THE ALL OF US RESEARCH PROGRAM WHO WILL TELL WHERE YOU SAY THE PROGRAM IS. SHE'S HAPPY TO HEAR YOUR THOUGHTS ON THE PROGRAM. THIS IS NOT A CONCEPT CLEARANCE. AD ADMONITION. >> HOW LONG DO I HAVE? WHEN DO YOU WANT ME TO STOP? I WILL GET TO THE IMPORTANT STUFF AND WE WILL TRY TO DO -- OKAY. SO WELCOME. THANK YOU FOR INVITING ME HERE TODAY. WE -- I KNOW WE HAVE PRESENTED YOU IN THE PAST SO WHAT I WILL DO TO START IS UPDATE WHERE WE ARE ON SOME THINGS THAT HAPPENED RECENTLY AND HOW WE ARE FOCUSING ATTENTION OVER THE NEXT SIX TO 12 MONTHS. SO THE -- AND I WILL GET INTO THE MISSION AND REMINDER OF THE PROGRAM BUT FOR THOSE WHO ARE MORE FAMILIAR WITH OUR PROGRAM SINCE WE LAST SPOKE WE CURRENTLY HAVE 245,000, THESE SLIDES ARE A LITTLE OLD BECAUSE OF 508 COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENT SO IT'S MORE LIKE 251,000 PARTICIPANTS WHO CONSENTED TO OUR LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH STUDY. OVER 190,000 WHO GONE THROUGH THE FIRST INITIAL STEPS OF OUR PROPERTY COME. SO -- PROTOCOL. SO GONE THROUGH AND SUPPLIED A BLOOD SAMPLE. OVER 80% FOLKS ARE UNDER-REPRESENTED IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH, WE HAVE A STRONG PRIORITY AROUND DIVERSITY IN OUR PROGRAM. OVER 51% ARE RACIALTH IN THIS CASE MINORITIES -- ETHNIC MINORITIES SO ON TRACK TO REACH MILLION IN TIME WE PROPOSED AND STILL SAYING FOCUSED ON DIVERSITY IN THE PARTICIPANT POOL WE ARE ENROLLING. WE CURRENTLY HAVE OVER 370 CLINICS ENROLLING PARTICIPANTS ACROSS THE COUNTRY, MORE INTO THE PROTOCOL AND WHERE THOSE GROUPS ARE AND CLINICS LOOK LIKE. AND WE DID JUST CELEBRATE OUR ONE YEAR ANNIVERSARY THIS PAST MAY, MAY 6, THE WE LAUNCHED GNASH FAMILY MAY 6 -- NATIONALLY ON MAY 62018 SO THIS PAST MAY WE SELL BRAYED ONE YEAR ANNIVERSARY -- CELEBRATED ONE YEAR AN ANNIVERSARY STARTING TO FOCUS ON THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY SO WE HAD A SYMPOSIUM HERE THAT WAS FOCUSED ON THE SCIENCE. AND FINALLY, WE JUST PUBLISHED OUR MARKER PAPER IN NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE A FEW WEEKS AGO. SO YOU CAN READ THAT AND IT GIVES A FULL OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY AND WE LAUNCHED OUR -- BETA VERSION OF PUBLIC DATA BROWSER SO THOSE ARE SOME OF THE THINGS THAT HAPPENED SINCE WE LAST GAVE YOU AN UPDATE ON THE PROGRAM. AS A REMINDER, THE MISSION OF OUR PROGRAM, WE ARE OBVIOUSLY FUNDED OUT OF THE OFFICE OF DIRECTOR, WE GOT THE FIRST CONGRESSIONAL FUNDS IN FY 16. WITH THE MISSION TO ACCELERATE HEALTH RESEARCH AND MEDICAL BREAK THROUGHS ENABLING INDIVIDUALIZED PREVENTION TREATMENT AND CARE FOR ALL OF US AND TO DO THAT WE ARE HOPING TO ENROLL 1 MILLION OR MO INDIVIDUAL OR MORE LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES RETAINING THEM ASKING THEM TO SHARE INFORMATION ABOUT THEMSELVES FORS THEIR LIFE SPAN. SO THAT OVER TIME WE CAN DELIVER A RICH BIOMEDICAL DATA SET THAT RESEARCHERS USE TO UNDERSTAND HEALTH AND DISEASE AND HOW IT PROGRESSES, WHO STAYED HEALTHY AND WHO DOESN'T AND WHY AND ULTIMATELY CATALYZE ROBUST ECOSYSTEM WE CAN THEN ADD OTHER WE HAVE CORE VALUES TO KEEP IN MIND AS WE BUILD THE PROGRAM AND DEVELOPING POLICIES THAT SUPPORT THE PROGRAM, AND PUT IN THE SLIDES DECISIONS ABILITY THE PROGRAM, WITH OUR VALUES. SO CURRENTLY, WHEN PARTICIPANT JOINS OUR PROGRAM, HERE ARE THE STEPS OF THE PROTOCOL THAT WE ASK THEM TO GO THROUGH, ALL OFFER OF OUR PARTICIPANTS JOIN ONLINE, WE HAVE WEB INTERFACE, DOWNLOAD THE APP ON THE SMART PHONE, YOU CAN JOIN IN THE UNITED STATES OVER THE AGE OF 18 WE HAVE NOT YET STARTED ENROLLING CHILDREN. THEY GO THROUGH ELECTRONIC CONSENT PROCESS, WE THEN ASK IF THEY AUTHORIZE US TO ACCESS THEIR ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS, IF THEY SAY YES, WE THEN ARE UPDATING OR CAPTURING THOSE RECORDS EVERY QUARTER. AND THAT'S ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WE ARE INVESTING IN BECAUSE IT'S QUITE CHALLENGING TO CAPTURE EHR FROM ALL PROVIDERS. WE THEN ASK PARTICIPANTS TO FILL OUT SOME SURVEYS, WE HAVE THREE THAT WE ASK THAT WE BEGIN WITH, BASICS OVERALL HEALTH AND PERSONAL HABITS IN HEALTHCARE, PERSONAL HABITS AND THOSE ARE REALLY TO CAPTURE BASIC DEMOGRAPHICS AND LIFESTYLE AND BEHAVIOR. WE ASK THEM WE HAVE THREE OTHER SURVEYS THAT WE HAVE RECENTLY IMPLEMENTED, HEALTHCARE ACCESS AND UTILIZATION, FAMILY MEDICAL HISTORY AND PERSONAL HEALTH HISTORY. OVER TIME WE IMAGINE ADDING ADDITIONAL SURVEYS, BOTH IN A REASSESSMENTED WAY CHAWRPING THE SAME QUESTIONS -- CAPTURING THE SAME QUESTIONS OVER TIME AND NEW MODULES FOR INSTANCE WORKING ON THE MENTAL HEALTH SURVEY MODULE CURRENTLY. WE THEN ASK OUR PARTICIPANTS TO COME IN FOR THE IN PERSON ASPECT OF THE PROTOCOL. AND THAT'S THE 300 PLUS ENROLLMENT CENTERS WE HAVE ACROSS THE COUNTRY AND WE ARE DEVICING WAYS TO GET FOLKS IN WHO DON'T LIVE NEAR ONE OF THOSE ENROLLMENT SITES AS WELL. WE SEND THEM THROUGH A BATTERY OF PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS TO GET BASELINE AND ASK THEM TO SHARE A BLOOD AND EUROPE SAMPLE, THOSE ARE SHIPPED OUT TO THE BIOBANK. WE ARE EXPLORING DIGITAL HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES AS WELL WE HAVE A PARTNERSHIP WITH FIT BIT WE STARTED IF YOU OWN A FIT BIT YOU CAN ELECT TO SHARE THE DATA WITH OUR PROGRAM, WE HAVE API WITH THEM AND THAT DATA SHIPPED TO THE DATA RESEARCH CENTER ALL OF OUR DATA IS HELD IN THE GOOGLE CLOUD. AND THAT'S ALLOWING US TO START TO UNDERSTAND HOW PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DATA SLEEP DATA MIGHT HELP PANS QUESTIONS SPECIFICALLY AROUND PRECISION HEALTH. HOPING TO GET MORE INTO DIGITAL HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FUTURE SO WE CAN COLLECT DATA ON PEOPLE GIVEN HOW VAST OUR STUDY IS AND TRYING TO REACH ALL ASPECTS OF THE UNITED STATES. I TOUCHED ON THIS A LITTLE BIT BUT ANYONE CAN ENROLL FROM ANYWHERE, THAT'S THE DIRECT VOLUNTEER PATHWAY AND WE HAVE HEALTHCARE PROVIDER ORGANIZATIONS THAT ARE PART OF OUR PROGRAM AS WELL THAT ENROLL PATIENTS ON SITE AND THEY DO EVERYTHING ELECTRONICALLY BUT ALSO INPERSON PART OF THE ON SITE AND WE HAVE A STRONG CONNECTION WITH THEM SO IN THOSE CASES WE COLLECT ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD DATA FROM OUR PARTICIPANTS DIRECTLY. I WANT TO PAUSE THERE. SHOULD I PAUSE AND ASK QUESTIONS? I WANT TO FOCUS BUT I WANT TO BE SURE PEOPLE HAVE A GENERAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE STUDY. >> EARLY ON THEY WERE TALKING ABOUT ALSO BESIDES INDIVIDUAL VOLUNTEERS PULLING FROM LARGER RESEARCH STUDIES LIKE VETERAN STUDY MILLION WOMEN, IS THAT PART OF THE PLAN? >> WE ARE DOING THAT WITH THE VA BECAUSE THEY ARE ONE PARTNER AND ENROLLING FROM 7 SITES ACROSS THE COUNTRY, THEY ARE ENROLLING SOME FOLKS ENROLLED IN THE MILLION VETERAN PROGRAM BUT THAT'S THE ONLY PARTNERSHIP OF THAT KIND. >> CONSENT TO SHARE WHAT THEY ARE SHARING WITH THAT -- >> THEY ARE GOING THROUGH OUR PROTOCOL. WE HAVEN'T ACCOMPLISHED THAT MODEL THOUGH THAT'S SOMETHING WE ARE INTERESTED IN FIGURING HOW TO ESTABLISH RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHER COWORKERS TO SHARE DATA IN A IN U WAY. EVERYONE GOING THROUGH THE SAME PROTOCOL. >> IS THERE A SOLUTION TO THE INEVITABLE ISSUE OF PEOPLE ARE GOING TO GET DEMENTIA TWO YEARS AFTER THEY CONSENT? ASK THERE A DEM GRAPH iAND SOMEBODY ELSE TAKE OVER REPORTING DATA OR JUST FALL OUT OF RESEARCH? >> GREAT QUESTION. WE HAVE BEEN WORK POLICIES AROUND FACILITATED PARTICIPATION AND MAKING SURE WE HAVE THE SUPPORT NEEDED SO THAT PEOPLE CAN HAVE A LEGAL REPRESENTATIVE HELP THM SHARE SURVEYS AND OTHER -- MAKE SURE THEY STILL WANT TO BE CONSENTED IN THE STUDY. SO WE ARE WORKING ON THAT. WE HAVE SOME POLICIES SET UP FOR CONSENTING ORIGINALLY BECAUSE WE NEED TO BE SURE TO HAVE SUPPORT CENTER STAFF AVAILABLE TO WALK THROUGH SURVEY QUESTIONS AND THINGS LIKE THAT. >> THANK YOU. >> SIMILAR QUESTION, GEOGRAPHICALLY, IT LOOKS LIKE THE UP PER MIDWEST IS ALL WHITE. IT'S -- THERE'S NO SPOTS. ARE YOU HAVING TROUBLE IN THOSE AREAS? >> SO THAT'S A GOOD QUESTION AND I DON'T KNOW -- I DON'T HAVE THE NUMBERS STATE BY STATE ON HAND RIGHT NOW. BUT WE DO HAVE PARTICIPANTS FRL ALL 50 STATES. WE ARE -- ONE THING I'M ABOUT TO TALK ABOUT HERE IS THE DIRECT VOL VOLUNTEER PATHWAY SO WE ARE TRYING TO MAKE DIRECT TO VOLUNTEER CAPABILITIES MORE ROBUST. ESSENTIALLY DIRECT VOLUNTEERS IS THE EVERYONE FULL SUITE OF PEOPLE WHO ARE NOT COMING IN THROUGH BRICK AND MORTAR ENROLLMENT SITES. THE TRICK THERE TO US IS ENGAGING PEOPLE WHO DON'T HAVE A DIRECT RELATIONSHIP SO WE HAVE BEEN TESTING DIFFERENT WAYS TESTING MODELS OF MESSAGES AND WE ARE WORKING HARD ON HOW TO DO THAT BETTER SONA IN THOSE AREAS WE DON'T HAVE HIGH DENSITY OF ENROLLMENT SITES, WE CAN STILL GET PEOPLE ENROLLED IN THE STUDY. IF THEY WANT TO BE. >> CONGRATULATIONS FOR ALL THE PROGRESS HERE. I KNOW YOU WILL BE BRINGING CHILDREN ON HERE SOON WITH PROJECT BUT SPECIFICALLY INTERESTED IN IF PREGNANT WOMEN AND PERINATAL ENVIRONMENT WHETHER YOU HAVE EMPHASIS ON TRYING TO RECRUIT PARTICIPANTS IN THAT WINDOW GIVEN ITS IMPORTANCE FOR LOTS OF REASONS. >> GREAT POINT WE HAVE BEEN WORKING CLOSE WHETHE I NICHD ON PREG SOURCE. SO WE JUST GOT APPROVAL FROM OUR IRB TO OFFER TO WOMEN WHO ENROLL IN OUR PROGRAM THAT ARE PREGNANT OFFER THEM THE OPPORTUNITY TO ENROLL IN PREG SOURCE SO WE WILL START THAT AS SOON AS WE IMPLEMENT IN PORTAL AND WE ARE SEEING WOMEN WHO COME IN THAT ARE PREGNANT AND THAT OPPORTUNITY IS MADE AVAILABLE FOR ANYONE WHO BECOMES PREGNANT IN THE STUDY. WE ARE DOING IT IN A PHASED WAY BECAUSE OF CAPACITY AND BANDWIDTHS AS WE BUILD. THAT'S FIRST STEP AND OVER TIME WE WANT TO FIGURE WAYS TO SHARE THAT MARRY THAT DATA BUT CURRENTLY IT'S WAY TO AT LEAST GET THOSE WOMEN WHO ARE ALREADY ENROLLED IN OUR STUDY ALSO TO BE ENROLLED IN A STUDY CAPTURING MORE OF THAT REAL TIME PREGNANCY RELATED DATA. OKAY. SO COUPLE OF AREAS OF FOCUS THAT I JUST WANTED TO SPEND SOME TIME WITH THIS GROUP ON. SO WE ARE CURRENTLY FOCUSED IN IF FOUR MAJOR AREAS. THE FIRST IS TO CONTINUE TO ENROLL AND RETAIN 1 MILLION PEOPLE, ONE OF OUR BIGGEST CHALLENGES RIGHT NOW IS TO FIGURE WHAT OUR RETENTION IS IN STUDY AND UNDERSTAND HOW TO RETAIN PEOPLE AND KEEP THEM ENROLLED AND INTERESTED BEING PART OF THE STUDY LONG TERM. OUR HOPE IS AFTER FOLKS HAVE GONE THROUGH THE FIRST STEPS OF THE PROTOCOL THAT I SHOWED, THAT THEY WILL WANT TO STAY ENGAGED IN STUDY OVER LONG TERM AND ASK THEM TO FILL SURVEYS OR COME FOR NEW BIOSPECIMEN DRAWS OR TAKE ADVANTAGE OF DIGITAL HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES DEPLOYED THEY WOULD BE ENGAGED ENOUGH TO DO THAT SO WE CAN GET A LONGITUDINAL PICTURE OF THE HUMAN LIFE SPAN. SO ONE BIG CHALLENGE IS RETENTION, WE ARE WORKING HARD ON STRATEGIES TO KEEP PEOPLE RETAINED ESPECIALLY WHEN WE DON'T HAVE A SINGLE COMMUNITY LIKE IN THE FRAMINGHAM HART STUDY OR OTHERS WHERE THERE'S A MORE FOCUS, WE ARE LOOKING ACROSS THE WHOLE COUNTRY. SECOND PRIORITY IS TO CONTINUE TO IMPROVE OUR PARTICIPANT EXPERIENCE. AS OUR PARTICIPANTS ARE PART OF THE STUDY, HOW DO WE MAKE SURE THAT THERE EXPERIENCE IN GOING THROUGH THE STUDY IS NICE AND MAKING SURE WE ARE RETURNING VALUE TO THEM AND RETURNING INFORMATION TO OUR PARTICIPANTS. I WILL GET INTO THAT HERE IN GENOMICS. I MENTIONED DIRECT VOLUNTEER PATHWAY, WE ARE TRYING TO STARTING TO TEST MODELS WHERE IF AN INDIVIDUAL JOINS FROM NORTH DAKOTA WITH NO HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATIONS CAN WE DO INTERESTING THINGS LIKE SEND OUT SALIVA KIT. WE ARE TESTING OUR ABILITY TO GET SALIVA KITS TO PEOPLE AND BACK TO DO ASSAYS ON SALIVA IN PLACES WE CAN'T GET BLOOD RIGHT AWAY FROM OUR PARTICIPANTS. SO JUST ABOUT TO LAUNCH THE SALIVA PILOT, WE ARE WORKING ON SOME IDEAS OF UTILIZING THE NETWORK WE HAVE WITH QUEST AND WALGREENS AND OTHER LARGE PARTNERS ALSO PART OF OUR PROGRAM AND HELPING TO CAPTURE PHLEBOTOMY IN PLACES THEY HAVE INFRASTRUCTURE AND WE DON'T. SO THAT'S A BIG AREA THAT WE ARE FOCUSED ON NOW AROUND DIRECT VOLUNTEER PATHWAY. WE ALSO ARE WORKING ON MAKING SURE THIS PROGRAM IS AS INCLUSIVE OF ALL PARTICIPANTS SO PARTICIPANTS EXPERIENCE REALLY MEANS FOR EVERYONE, FOR ALL OF US. WE HAVE BEEN SPENDING A LOT OF TIME WORKING WITH THE TRIBAL HEALTH RESEARCH OFFICE IN DPCPSI CONSULTATION AMERICAN INDIAN ALASKA NAYSIVE POPULATIONS OVER THE SUMMER AND CONTINUE THAT PROCESS. WE ARE IN THE MIDDLE OF THAT PROCESS TRYING TO UNDERSTAND IF THERE ARE WAYS WE CAN MEANINGFULLY PARTNER WITH SOME TRIBAL NATIONS AROUND OUR STUDY. AND THEN WE ARE GOING TO BE WORKING ON CHILDREN COMING UP HERE SOON TOO. WE FOCUS A LOT ON COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, HAPPY TO TALK ABOUT THOSE THINGS MORE IN DEPTH. I WANT TO SPEND -- I HAVE SOME SLIDES ON GENOMICS AND RESEARCHER WORKBENCHES THAT' HOW I WANT TO SPEND REST OF MY TIME, TELL ME IF YOU NEED ME TO STOP AT ANY POINT. ONE BIG THING WE ARE FOCUSED ON NOW IS GETTING GENOMICS PLANS UP AND RUNNING. WE HAVE BEEN FUNDED BY CONGRESS TO DO WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING ON ALL 1 MILLION PARTICIPANTS. LAST FALL WE MADE AWARDS TO THREE GENOME CENTERS, BROAD, UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON AND BAYLOR AND THEY HAVE BEEN WORK HARD THE PAST TEN MONTHS TO GET PIPELINES SET UP SO WE CAN RUN THE GENOME SEQUENCING. WE JUST RECENTLY TWO WEEKS AGO MADE AN AWARD TO COLOR GENOMICS TO BE GENETIC COUNSELING RESOURCE FOR THE PARTICIPANTS WITH THE IDEA THAT WE WON'T START DOING WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING ON ANY PARTICIPANTS UNTIL WE ARE READY TO RETURN GENETIC RUTLE TO THEM. GETTING THAT GENETIC COUNSEING RESOURCE AWARDED AN ON BOARDED IS A DEPENDENCY FOR LAUNCHING OUR GENOMICS PROGRAM IN THE STUDY. OUR INTENTION IS TO START WITH A PILOT OF 25,000 PARTICIPANTS REFLECTING DIVERSITY OF OUR STUDY WHICH IS QUITE HIGH. AND RETURNING INFORMATION TO THEM IF THEY CHOOSE. THIS IS REALLY A CHOICE, THIS IS NOT PART OF THE STUDY DESIGN, THIS IS IF SOMEBODY WANTS TO GET INFORMATION ABOUT THEIR GENOME BACK WE WILL PROVIDE IT TO THEM. WE ARE RIGHT NOW IN THE PROCESS OF DECIDING AND WORKING WITH OUR IRB WHAT TYPES OF INFORMATION WE WILL RETURN AT THE START. IT COULD INCLUDE ANCESTRY, COULD INCLUDE HEALTH RELEVANT FINDINGS OR SPECIFICALLY PHARMACO GENOMICS. WE ARE WORKING WITH FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION RIGHT NOW ON INVESTIGATIONAL DEVICE EXEMPTION SO WE CAN RETURN HEALTH RELATED RESULTS FROM THE ACMG 59 GENE LIST TRIAL PARTICIPANTS AND THE IDEA THERE WOULD BE THAT ANY OF THOSE RESULTS AROUND ACMG 59 WOULD BE RETURNED TO PARTICIPANTS IF THEY WANTED THROUGH GENETIC COUNSELOR. SO WE ARE GETTING THAT UP AND RUNNING AND WE WON'T LAUNCH GENOMICS UNTIL THAT IS READY TO GO AND THE PLAN IS TO GET THAT UP AND RUNNING IN 2020. I THINK THAT'S ALL I WANTED TO SAY ON GENOMICS AND HAPPY TO TAKE QUESTIONS. THE LAST THING I WANT TO TALK ABOUT IS RESEARC HUB. THESE ARE TWO BIG THINGS CONSUMING A LOT OF OUR TIME CURRENTLY. SO THIS IS THE RESEARCH HUB IS AWARDED THROUGH VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY, BROAD AND VERILY, THE THREA ORGANIZATIONS RESPONSIBLE FOR HOUSING ALL THE DATA THAT COMES TO THE STUDY SO THAW HOLD ALL THE PARTICIPANT DATA IN A RAW DATA REPOSITORY AND THEY ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR ALL THAT DATA LIVES IN THE GOOGLE CLOUD AND THEY ARE RESPONSIBLE FOSH PREPARING THE TOOLS -- FOR PREPARING TOOLS NECESSARY FOR RESEARCHERS TO ACCESS DATA AND RUN ANALYSES. WE LAUNCHED MAY 6 AS I MENTIONED OUR DATA BROWSER AND THAT'S PUBLIC VERSION OF OUR RESEARCH HUB NO LOG IN REQUIRED PARTICIPANTS ANYONE YOU GUY CONSIST GO THERE NOW AT RESEARCHALLOFUS.ORG. AND YOU CAN SEE INING A GRAT WHAT THE DATA LOOKS LIKE ON PARTICIPANTS WE HAVE IN THE PROGRAM. THIS IS A SNAP SHOT OF IT, IT'S A LITTLE OLD SO THE NUMBERS ARE OLDER BUT YOU CAN SEE HOW MANY PARTICIPANTS THERE ARE YOU CAN SEE RACIAL ETHNIC BREAK DOWNS, AGE BREAK DOWNS YOU CAN SEE CONDITIONS WE ARE SEEING IN THE ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS, ALLOWS EVERYONE IN PUBLIC INCLUDING OUR PARTICIPANTS TO SEE WHAT THE COHORT IS SHAPING UP TO LOOK LIKE, AND ALSO ALLOWS FOR REERNLGERS TO START TO GET A SENSE O RESEARCHERS TO GET A SENSE OF WHAT WE ARE COLLECTING AND FIGURE IF THEIR SPECIFIC RESEARCH QUESTION MIGHT INTERSECT WHAT WE ARE CAPTURING THROUGH THIS PLATFORM. SO HERE IS JUST A SNAP SHOT, IF YOU GO INTO THE PORTAL, TO THE DATA BROWSER YOU CAN START TO SEE THE DIFFERENT CONDITIONS WE ARE SEEING THROUGH THE EHRs THAT WE HAVE COLLECTED ON OUR PARTICIPANTS. I THINK PAIN IS THE NUMBER ONE CONDITION THAT WE ARE SEEING BUT YOU CAN REALLY DIG IN AND LOOK AT ANEMIA AND SEE THE STUB TYPES OF AKNEE -- SUB TYPES OF ANEMIA. BUT YOU CAN PLAY WIT AND IT STARTS THE GIVE A SENSE WHAT WE ARE SEEING ON INITIAL PARTICIPANT SET THIS IS UPDATED IN REAL TIME. THIS SHOWS YOU WHAT YOU CAN DO IF LOOKING AT PAIN, IT STARTS TO SHOW YOU THE AGE BREAK DOWN SO THERE ARE SOME CROSS TABS OR BREAK DOWNS YOU CAN SEE IN THE DATA BROWSER BUT NOT ENOUGH TO MAKE THIS A PRIVACY RISK FOR THE PARTICIPANTS. SO WHERE WE ARE GOING WITH THIS IS THE NEXT STEP IS THEN TO HAVE ACCESS -- TO HAVE RESEARCHERS WHO ASK FOR ACCESS AND GET AUTHORIZED TO USE DATA TO USE INDIVIDUAL LEVEL BASIS. AND DEIDENTIFIED WAY BUT TO BUILD RESEARCH QUESTIONS OF THE DATA. AND THAT'S WHAT WE ARE CALLING THE RESEARCHER WORKBECH, NOT OPEN FOR ACCESS AND WE ARE SPENDING TIME WORKING ON POLICIES THAT NEEDS TO BE THERE IN PLACE FOR RESEARCHERS TO QUERY THE DATA. WHEN WE DO OPEN THIS UP IT WILL BE A BETA VERSION SO WE ARE DOING TESTING CURRENTLY, WE ARE RUNNING DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS TO SHOW UTILITY OF THE DATA TO DEMONSTRATE THE QUALITY OF THE DATA THAT WILL BE PUBLISHING BEFORE WE OPEN UP THE RESEARCH WORKBENCH SO FOLKS GET A SENSE OF THE DATA. BUT THEN WHEN HE WE LAUNCH BETA VERSION WE WILL SET EXPECTATIONS WITH THE COMMUNITY, THIS IS THE FIRST RELEASE, TOOLS GET BETTER DATA WILL GET RICHER THE FIRST RELEASE WILL NOT INCLUDE GENOMIC DATA SO OVER TIME DATA SET WILL GET RICHER AND TOOLS WILL GET MORE SOPHISTICATE AND WILL LEARN FROM THE FIRST USERS ON WHAT THEY ARE ABLE TO DO AND NOT ABLE TO DO AND HOPE TO IMPROVE THE ENVIRONMENT AS WE GO. SO THIS IS DIFFERENT FROM MANY RESEARCH STUDY WHERE IS THEY'D COLLECT ALL THE DATA AND THEN RELEASE IT. WE ARE TRYING TO GET IT OUT THERE, LEARN HOW IT'S WORKING AND NOT AND DO LOTS OF RELEASES UNTIL WE GET IT RIGHT. SO THIS IS MY LAST SLIDE. THEN I CAN TAKE ANY QUESTIONS BEFORE YOU RUN TO THE AIRPORT. JUST TO TALK ABOUT THE DATA ACCESS, THE WAY THE DATA ACCESS WORKS AN THIS IS REALLY IMPORTANT FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF OUR STUDY IS THIS DATA IS OPEN TO ANYBODY. WE ARE NOT BUILDING THIS FOR NIH RESEARCH OR JUST ORGANIZATIONS PART OF OUR PROGRAM, THE DATA IS OPEN FOR AUTHORIZED USERS FROM ANYWHERE. WE CONSENTED PARTICIPANTS THAT WAY AND WE MEAN IT. WE ARE BASING ACCESS MODEL ON RESEARCH BASED ACCESS PASSPORT MODEL SO IF THEY WANT TO RUN A QUERY THEY GET APPROVED A AS PERSON AND THEY CAN OPEN DIFFERENCE WORK SPACES AND RUN QUERIES. THEIR TO GO THROUGH ETHICS TRAINING SPECIFIC TO OUR PROGRAM THAT TALKS VALUES OF OUR PROGRAM AND WHAT WE EXPECT FROM THEM AS USERS WHAT THE PARTICIPANTS EXPECT AS USERS AND THEY HAVE TO GO THROUGH A DATA USE TRAINING AND AGREE TO CODE OF CONDUCT AND VERIFY THEIR IDENTITY. THEN THEY HAVE TO PRORT PUBLICLY WHAT THEIR -- WHAT THEY ARE DOING WITH THE DATA. THAT'S REQUIRED BY LAW IN THE 21ST CENTURY EXCUSER ACT REQUIRES WE POST ALL DATA USES IN REAL TIME. UPON THE PUBLIC WEBSITE. SO THERE WILL BE REAL TRANSPARENCY AROUND WHAT FOLKS ARE USING THE DATA FOR. IT IS IN A SECURE ENCLAVE. THERE'S NO DOWNLOAD TO THEIR OWN LOCAL SERVERS SO WE HAVE WAYS OF CUTTING OFF ACCESS IF PEOPLE AREN'T ACTING IN ACCORDANCE WITH DATA USE AND WE WILL BE DOING RANDOM AUDIT SO WE CAN CHECK AND SEW THAT PEOPLE ARE DOING WHAT THEY SAID THEY WOULD BE DOING WITH THE DATA. THEN WE HAVE POLICIES THAT WE ARE DESIGNING AROUND STIGMA TIDING RESEARCH STIGMATIZING RESEARCH. THE PARTICIPANTS WE ARE WORKING WITH ARE FROM DIVERSE COMMUNITIES AND THEY ARE A LOT OF CONCERNS AROUND RESEARCH THAT COULD BE STIGMATIZING TO THEMSELVES OR COMMUNITIES SO WE ARE WORKING ON POLICIES THAT ALLOW ANYBODY WHO CAN SEE A DATA USE -- BECAUSE ALL THE DATA USE WILL BE ONLINE, WHO SEES ONE THAT THEY THINK MIGHT BE POTENTIALLY STIGMATIZING CAN REPORT IT TO US AND WE RUN IT THROUGH A REVIEW. SO WE ARE HOPING THAT THAT WILL HELP WITH THAT. WITH BUILDING TRUST WITH THE COMMUNITY. OUR CONSORTIUM, OUR RESEARCHERS WITHIN OUR OWN PROGRAM HAVE NO SPECIAL OR EARLY ACCESS, THAT'S ONE CORE PRINCIPLE SO WHEN WE OPEN UP THE BETA VERSION IT WILL BE OPEN TO ANYBODY WHO IS AUTHORIZED TO USE IT. SORRY I RUSHED SO MUCH HOPE YOU WERE HAPPY TO FOLLOW. I CAN TAKE ANY QUESTIONS. I DON'T HAVE ANYWHERE TO BE I CAN BE HERE ALL NIGHT. >> ANY CONCERNS ABOUT MISUSE OF THE DATA? MALICIOUS USE OF THE DATA? >> I MEAN I GUESS LIKE ANY RESOURCE WHICH ARE WORRIED ABOUT THAT. WE ARE -- THIS IS WHY WE HAVE DECIDED TO START FROM A POSITION OF YOU MUST COME TO DATA AND YES NOT ALLOWING DATA TO BE RELEASED TO RESEARCHERS BECAUSE WE WANT TO BE SURE WE HAVE THAT CONTROL OF DATA ESPECIALLY SINCE WE ARE NOT RESTRICTING IT TO ONE INSTITUTION LIKE MANY STUDIES DO. >> TWO QUICK QUESTIONS. THERE IS A HUGE SHORTAGE OF GENERAL TICK COUNSELORS AND -- GENETIC COUNSELOR AND YOU ARE PROVIDING GENERAL TUCK TESTING TO PEOPLE AND -- GENETIC TESTING AND THERE'S 7,000 RARE DISEASES THAT COULD BE IDENTIFIED. WITH GENETIC COUNSELORS THAT MAY NOT KNOW MUCH ABOUT IT IS THERE A PROGRAM THAT WILL BOOST THAT? MY OTHER QUESTION IS YOU ARE OFFERING DATA TO THE RESEVERALLERS, ARE YOU ALSO OFFERING BIOSAMPLES IN? >> WE WILL BE ALLOWING RESEARCHERS TO ACCESS SPECIMENS, BIOSAMPLES BUT WE HAVEN'T DESIGNED TO POLICIES SO WHEN WE OPEN UP ACCESS TO THE RESOURCE WE WILL BE CLEAR THAT THAT FUNCTIONALITY IS NOT OPEN YET. BECAUSE WE WANT TO THINK REALLY TO YOUR FIRST QUESTION GENETIC COUNSELING. WE ARE NOT FUNDING THE TRAINING OF GENETIC COUNSELORS. WE HOPE THAT OUR PROGRAM DIVING INTO THIS WILL HELP TO SPUR THAT BUT IT IS NOT WITHIN OUR MANDATE. I HOPE -- I HIKE EVERYONE WOULD LIKE TO SEE SHORTAGE OF GENETIC COUNSELORS GO AWAY. WE ARE NOT PERSONALLY TRAINING THEM. WE WILL LEARN ABOUT CAPACITY, WE WILL LEARN A LOT IN OUR FIRST PILOT ABOUT HOW MANY HOURS PER PARTICIPANT OF GENETIC COUNSELING THEY SEEK. >> WITH A MILLION PEOPLE -- >> WE HAD A QUESTION HERE. HE WAS WAITING. >> I HAD A QUESTION ABOUT CAPTURING IN SOME MOLECULAR WAY ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE SINCE THE ENVIRONMENT CONTRIBUTES TO 80% OF HUMAN DISEASE, THAT COULD BE DONE BIOCHEMICALLY BUT ALSO DONE USING EPIGENOMICS METHODS ON SAMPLES YOU ARE CAPTURING. IS THAT PART OF THE -- IS THAT IN THE SOUP? >> ITs NOT NOT PART OF THE PLAN. WE HAVEN'T MADE DECISIONS YET ON ASSAYS WE ARE RUNNING NOR SOME OF THE ASSESSMENTS WE MIGHT DO OVER TIME. WE ARE WORKING WITH THE INSTITUTES AND CENTERS TO THINK THROUGH THE IDEAS AND TO ALL RESEARCHERS IT'S INTERESTING TO KNOW WHAT WOULD BE VALUABLE. >> WITH A MILLION PEOPLE WE PROBABLY KNOW HOW MANY ARE LIKELY TO HAVE A MUTATION THAT'S GOING TO BE DELETERIOUS FOR THEM JUST BY POPULATION STUDIES. IS THAT A LOT? WITH THE GENETIC COUNSELING THAT WE ARE PLANNING, DO WE HAVE ENOUGH? BECAUSE ONCE THIS STARTS TO BE RELEASED, THERE WILL BE PEOPLE THAT LEARN THEY WILL GET HUNTINGTON'S OR PEOPLE THAT LEARN WHAT THEIR BRACA STATUS IS. THAT HAS HUGE RAMIFICATIONS. >> YEAH. SO WE HAVEN'T BEEN THINKING ABOUT THIS A LOT AND IRB IS FOCUSED ON THAT. THE ACMG 59 GENE LIST IS 2 TO 3% OF PEOPLE WE EXPECT TO HAVE ONE OF THOSE VARIANTS SO OF THE 25,000, THAT'S 500 PEOPLE PERHAPS. >> THAT'S A 25,000 PILOT. AND YOUR PLANNING EVERYBODY. >> THIS IS WHY WE ARE DOING A PILOT BECAUSE WE WANT TO UNDERSTAND WHAT IT TAKES ON A COUNSELING PERSPECTIVE TO DO THAT. OUR COUNSELORS WILL BE PREPARED TO HELP PEOPLE FIND A HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IF THEY DON'T HAVE ONE BUT OUR MESSAGING IS GOING TO BE AS PART OF THE RESEARCH STUDY HERE IS SOMETHING WE VOW TO GIVE BACK TO YOU AND HERE IS HOW YOU MIGHT THINK FROM A PROFESSIONAL GENETIC COUNSELOR BUT YOU ALSO WANT TO SEEK PROFESSIONAL HEALTH PROVIDER CARE. SO IF THEY DON'T HAVE A HEALTH PROVIDER WE HAVE MECHANISMS FOR HELPING THEM TO FIND ONE. >> >> FOR EXAMPLE IF SOMEBODY AS APOE 4 IT'S A HUGE INCREASE FOR RISK OF ALWAYS -- ALZHEIMER'S OR SOMEBODY WITH RISK GENE FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA, ARE YOU GOING TO COUNSEL THEM ABOUT THAT AS WELL? >> WE HAVEN'T MADE DECISIONS YET. I'M NOT SURE THAT'S ON THE -- >> NOT ACTUAL DISEASES YET BUT THERE'S A HUGE INCREASE. SO IF SOMEBODY HAS TWO COPIES OF APOE 4 THEY HAVE A 90% CHANCE OF GETTING ALZHEIMERS ARE YOU GOING TO TELL THEM THAT? THERE'S SUSCEPTIBILITY GENES ON THE LIST, THAT'S AMONG THE FIRST VARIANTS WE ARE RETURNING. WHERE WE WOULD COUNCIL THEM THROUGH IF YOU HAD A BRACA MUTATION HERE IS HOW YOU INCREASE AND PERSONAL GUIDELINES AND YOU ALSO WANT TO TALK TO YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER. BUT WE ARE FOCUSED NOW BECAUSE AS WE ARE WORKING WITH FDA AND IRB WE ANT TO START IN THE CONSERVATIVE POSITION WITH VARIANTS OF HIGH EVIDENCE WHERE WE KNOW THERE'S SOME ACTION SOMEONE CAN TAKE. AROUND THEM. >> STEPHANIE, THANKS FOR THE UPDATE. THIS IS A FASCINATING PROGRAM AND WE WILL BE WATCHING IT FOR YEARS AND YEARS AN LEARNING FROM IT. SO THANKS VERY MUCH. >> THANKS, JIM. SURE. [APPLAUSE] >> SO THAT CONCLUDES OUR MEETING TODAY, THANKS FOR YOUR INPUT, ALL THE HEARTY DISCUTIONZ. -- DISCUSSION. WE WILL SEE YOU DECEMBER 24TH. JANUARY 24TH NEXT YEAR. THANK YOU. BUT WE WILL ARRANGE AN OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE DINNER WITH THE STAFF AND ALL OF YOU ON THE 23RD IF YOU CAN ATTEND. THAT'S BEEN FUN WHEN WE HAVE DONE IT IN THE PAST. SAFE TRAVELS, SEE YOU NEXT YEAR.