1 00:00:11,440 --> 00:00:13,640 Welcome to the Clinical Center Grand Rounds, 2 00:00:13,640 --> 00:00:17,440 a weekly series of educational lectures for physicians and 3 00:00:17,440 --> 00:00:20,080 health care professionals broadcast from the Clinical 4 00:00:20,080 --> 00:00:23,040 Center at the National Institutes of Health in 5 00:00:23,040 --> 00:00:24,840 Bethesda, MD. 6 00:00:24,840 --> 00:00:28,400 The NIH Clinical Center is the world's largest hospital totally 7 00:00:28,400 --> 00:00:32,080 dedicated to investigational research and leads the global 8 00:00:32,080 --> 00:00:35,040 effort in training today's investigators and discovering 9 00:00:35,040 --> 00:00:37,200 tomorrow's cures. 10 00:00:37,200 --> 00:00:46,760 Learn more by visiting us online at http://clinicalcenter.nih.gov 11 00:00:46,760 --> 00:00:50,320 OUR SPEAKER TODAY IS DR. ARIELLE 12 00:00:50,320 --> 00:00:51,960 SHEFTALL, SOCIAL PROFESSOR IN 13 00:00:51,960 --> 00:00:53,200 PSYCHIATRY AT UNIVERSITY OF 14 00:00:53,200 --> 00:00:54,320 ROCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER, 15 00:00:54,320 --> 00:00:55,880 ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, AS WELL AS 16 00:00:55,880 --> 00:00:57,680 DIRECTOR OF ACADEMIC AFFAIRS FOR 17 00:00:57,680 --> 00:00:59,080 DIVERSITY, INCLUSION, CULTURE 18 00:00:59,080 --> 00:01:00,480 AND EQUITY BOARD FOR THE 19 00:01:00,480 --> 00:01:05,240 DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY. 20 00:01:05,240 --> 00:01:07,160 DR. SHEFTALL EARNED HER 21 00:01:07,160 --> 00:01:09,040 BACHELOR'S DEGREE AT 22 00:01:09,040 --> 00:01:09,720 PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY AS 23 00:01:09,720 --> 00:01:10,560 WELL AS A MASTER'S IN HUMAN 24 00:01:10,560 --> 00:01:11,600 DEVELOPMENT IN FAMILY SCIENCE 25 00:01:11,600 --> 00:01:13,520 AND A PH.D. IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 26 00:01:13,520 --> 00:01:14,840 AND FAMILY SCIENCE FROM THE OHIO 27 00:01:14,840 --> 00:01:17,920 STATE UNIVERSITY. 28 00:01:17,920 --> 00:01:19,360 IN 2013, SHE COMPLETED A 29 00:01:19,360 --> 00:01:21,000 POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP 30 00:01:21,000 --> 00:01:23,440 AT THE DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY 31 00:01:23,440 --> 00:01:25,040 IN THE NEUROAND BEHAVIORAL 32 00:01:25,040 --> 00:01:25,680 RESEARCH LABORATORY AND CLINIC 33 00:01:25,680 --> 00:01:26,880 AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 34 00:01:26,880 --> 00:01:28,560 HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER FOLLOWED 35 00:01:28,560 --> 00:01:30,400 BY A POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWSHIP AT 36 00:01:30,400 --> 00:01:33,040 THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE AT 37 00:01:33,040 --> 00:01:33,640 NATIONWIDE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 38 00:01:33,640 --> 00:01:35,080 IN COLUMBUS, OHIO. 39 00:01:35,080 --> 00:01:36,320 AND FURTHER TRAINING AT THE 40 00:01:36,320 --> 00:01:37,160 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL 41 00:01:37,160 --> 00:01:38,960 HEALTH WORKSHOP FOR EARLY STAGE 42 00:01:38,960 --> 00:01:44,200 RESEARCH INVESTIGATORS, AT NIH'S 43 00:01:44,200 --> 00:01:45,840 SUMMER INSTITUTE IN COGNITIVE 44 00:01:45,840 --> 00:01:47,720 NEURAL SCIENCE AT THE UNIVERSITY 45 00:01:47,720 --> 00:01:49,000 OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA AND 46 00:01:49,000 --> 00:01:50,000 DAVIS. 47 00:01:50,000 --> 00:01:51,520 DR. SHEFTALL'S RESEARCH FOCUSES 48 00:01:51,520 --> 00:01:53,240 ON DEVELOPMENTAL MECHANISMS OF 49 00:01:53,240 --> 00:01:55,440 EARLY TO MIDDLE CHILDHOOD THAT 50 00:01:55,440 --> 00:01:57,560 CONFER VULNERABILITY TO FUTURE 51 00:01:57,560 --> 00:01:58,640 SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR. 52 00:01:58,640 --> 00:02:00,800 HER GOAL IS TO FRAME TARGETS FOR 53 00:02:00,800 --> 00:02:02,680 EARLY INTERVENTION TO DECREASE 54 00:02:02,680 --> 00:02:05,000 INCIDENCES OF FIRST SUICIDE 55 00:02:05,000 --> 00:02:07,840 ATTEMPTS IN AT-RISK YOUTH AND 56 00:02:07,840 --> 00:02:09,560 UNDERSTAND RACIAL DISPARITIES 57 00:02:09,560 --> 00:02:11,720 PRESENT AMONG YOUTH WHO DISPLAY 58 00:02:11,720 --> 00:02:13,840 SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR. 59 00:02:13,840 --> 00:02:15,680 DR. SHEFTALL IS A NATIONALLY AND 60 00:02:15,680 --> 00:02:17,960 INTERNATIONALLY INVITED SPEAKER 61 00:02:17,960 --> 00:02:20,040 FOR HER EXPERTISE IN THE TOPIC 62 00:02:20,040 --> 00:02:23,000 OF YOUTH SUICIDE AND SUICIDAL 63 00:02:23,000 --> 00:02:24,000 BEHAVIOR, SUPPORTING NUMEROUS 64 00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:25,960 TASK FORCES TO INCLUDE 65 00:02:25,960 --> 00:02:27,120 CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS 66 00:02:27,120 --> 00:02:31,840 EMERGENCY TASK FORCE, THE BLACK 67 00:02:31,840 --> 00:02:33,280 MENTAL HEALTH BRAIN TRUST, THE 68 00:02:33,280 --> 00:02:34,600 AMERICAN FOUNDATION FOR SUICIDE 69 00:02:34,600 --> 00:02:36,840 PREVENTION, THE HEALTH AND HUMAN 70 00:02:36,840 --> 00:02:37,680 SERVICES OFFICE OF MINORITY 71 00:02:37,680 --> 00:02:39,200 HEALTH, AND AS A MEMBER OF THE 72 00:02:39,200 --> 00:02:40,200 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SUICIDE 73 00:02:40,200 --> 00:02:42,920 RESEARCH. 74 00:02:42,920 --> 00:02:44,120 SHE HAS SHARED THE RESULTS OF 75 00:02:44,120 --> 00:02:49,160 HER INVESTIGATION I AND AWARDED 76 00:02:49,160 --> 00:02:50,720 AMERICAN FOUNDATION FOR SUICIDE 77 00:02:50,720 --> 00:02:51,680 PREVENTION YOUNG INVESTIGATOR 78 00:02:51,680 --> 00:02:52,920 TRAVEL AWARD AS INTERNATIONAL 79 00:02:52,920 --> 00:02:58,440 SUMMIT FOR SUICIDE RESEARCH IN 80 00:02:58,440 --> 00:02:58,640 2021. 81 00:02:58,640 --> 00:03:00,360 PLEASE WELCOME OUR SPEAKER, 82 00:03:00,360 --> 00:03:01,840 DR. ARIELLE SHEFTALL, WHOSE TALK 83 00:03:01,840 --> 00:03:03,600 IS ENTITLED "THE CHANGING 84 00:03:03,600 --> 00:03:05,160 LANDSCAPE OF YOUTH SUICIDE: 85 00:03:05,160 --> 00:03:06,440 WHAT WE KNOW, WHAT WE DON'T 86 00:03:06,440 --> 00:03:09,720 KNOW, AND WHERE WE GO FROM 87 00:03:09,720 --> 00:03:11,880 HERE." 88 00:03:11,880 --> 00:03:12,240 DR. SHEFTALL. 89 00:03:12,240 --> 00:03:13,320 >>THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THAT 90 00:03:13,320 --> 00:03:15,000 INTRODUCTION. 91 00:03:15,000 --> 00:03:16,920 I HOPE THAT THIS IS GOING 92 00:03:16,920 --> 00:03:21,080 TO BE A VERY INFORMATIVE 93 00:03:21,080 --> 00:03:22,920 CONVERSATION AS WELL AS 94 00:03:22,920 --> 00:03:23,360 PRESENTATION. 95 00:03:23,360 --> 00:03:24,800 FIRST AND FOREMOST, I JUST WANT 96 00:03:24,800 --> 00:03:27,720 TO LET YOU ALL KNOW THAT I DO 97 00:03:27,720 --> 00:03:29,160 RECEIVE FUNDING FROM THE 98 00:03:29,160 --> 00:03:30,160 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL 99 00:03:30,160 --> 00:03:31,560 HEALTH, AS WELL AS THE AMERICAN 100 00:03:31,560 --> 00:03:32,680 FOUNDATION FOR SUICIDE 101 00:03:32,680 --> 00:03:33,000 PREVENTION. 102 00:03:33,000 --> 00:03:34,320 AND I HAVE NO OTHER 103 00:03:34,320 --> 00:03:38,240 RELATIONSHIPS TO DISCLOSE. 104 00:03:38,240 --> 00:03:39,440 IN TERMS OF THE OBJECTIVES FOR 105 00:03:39,440 --> 00:03:40,760 TODAY, I'M GOING TO GIVE YOU 106 00:03:40,760 --> 00:03:44,040 SOME INSIDE ON WHO I AM 107 00:03:44,040 --> 00:03:45,120 PERSONALLY, BUT ALSO GIVE YOU 108 00:03:45,120 --> 00:03:46,240 SOME INFORMATION ON WHY THIS 109 00:03:46,240 --> 00:03:47,880 TOPIC IS SO IMPORTANT TO ME 110 00:03:47,880 --> 00:03:50,280 PERSONALLY AS WELL. 111 00:03:50,280 --> 00:03:53,240 I'M GOING TO TALK A BIT ABOUT 112 00:03:53,240 --> 00:03:54,760 THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF YOUTH SIGH 113 00:03:54,760 --> 00:04:00,320 SIDE AS WELL AS FOCUS SOME TIME 114 00:04:00,320 --> 00:04:01,440 ON BLACK SUICIDE AS WELL AS TALK 115 00:04:01,440 --> 00:04:02,720 ABOUT OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUICIDE 116 00:04:02,720 --> 00:04:03,600 PREVENTION. 117 00:04:03,600 --> 00:04:05,040 SO FIRST AND FOREMOST, I WAS 118 00:04:05,040 --> 00:04:08,920 BORN AND RAISED IN SPRINGFIELD, 119 00:04:08,920 --> 00:04:09,240 MASSACHUSETTS. 120 00:04:09,240 --> 00:04:15,600 THIS IS THE LAND OF NONE OTHER 121 00:04:15,600 --> 00:04:16,640 THAN DR. SEUSS. 122 00:04:16,640 --> 00:04:18,240 HE WAS BORN AND RAISED THERE AND 123 00:04:18,240 --> 00:04:21,040 WROTE A LOT OF HIS BOOKS THERE 124 00:04:21,040 --> 00:04:22,960 AND THERE REALLY IS A MULBERRY 125 00:04:22,960 --> 00:04:25,440 STREET THAT EXISTS. 126 00:04:25,440 --> 00:04:28,280 ALSO, SPRINGFIELD IS KNOWN FOR 127 00:04:28,280 --> 00:04:28,840 BASKETBALL. 128 00:04:28,840 --> 00:04:31,440 SO BASKETBALL WAS INVENTED AT 129 00:04:31,440 --> 00:04:32,840 SPRINGFIELD COLLEGE, AND WE HAVE 130 00:04:32,840 --> 00:04:35,160 THE BASKETBALL HALL OF FAME IN 131 00:04:35,160 --> 00:04:37,760 SPRINGFIELD, AND NOT ONLY THAT, 132 00:04:37,760 --> 00:04:42,160 IT WAS THE HOME OF THE FIRST 133 00:04:42,160 --> 00:04:42,960 GAS-POWERED CAR. 134 00:04:42,960 --> 00:04:44,000 SOMETHING I LEARNED WHILE I WAS 135 00:04:44,000 --> 00:04:46,400 LOOKING UP THE CITY TO BE 100% 136 00:04:46,400 --> 00:04:48,240 HONEST. 137 00:04:48,240 --> 00:04:49,800 BUT IT WAS -- IT'S A GOOD CITY, 138 00:04:49,800 --> 00:04:53,520 IT'S THE FOURTH POPULOUS CITY IN 139 00:04:53,520 --> 00:04:53,960 NEW ENGLAND. 140 00:04:53,960 --> 00:04:55,600 SO IF YOU HAVE TIME AND ENERGY, 141 00:04:55,600 --> 00:04:56,600 PLEASE FEEL FREE TO CHECK IT 142 00:04:56,600 --> 00:05:00,200 OUT. 143 00:05:00,200 --> 00:05:01,400 I WOULD DEFINITELY SAY THAT MY 144 00:05:01,400 --> 00:05:03,720 LIFE HAS TAKEN MANY PATHS, AND 145 00:05:03,720 --> 00:05:05,440 IT STARTED OUT PRETTY YOUNG AND 146 00:05:05,440 --> 00:05:07,920 STILL CONTINUES TO PROGRESS 147 00:05:07,920 --> 00:05:09,640 MULTIPLE PATHS, TO BE 100% 148 00:05:09,640 --> 00:05:10,560 HONEST. 149 00:05:10,560 --> 00:05:12,360 WHEN I WAS YOUNG, THIS IS ME 150 00:05:12,360 --> 00:05:14,880 WHEN I WAS 8 YEARS OLD, 151 00:05:14,880 --> 00:05:16,480 CELEBRATING MY 8TH BIRTHDAY. 152 00:05:16,480 --> 00:05:17,800 MY COUSIN IS TO THE RIGHT OF ME, 153 00:05:17,800 --> 00:05:20,760 OR MY LEFT, I GUESS. 154 00:05:20,760 --> 00:05:22,000 LAUREN, WHO IS THE YOUNGEST OF 155 00:05:22,000 --> 00:05:23,480 THE COUSINS, THEN MY MOM IS ON 156 00:05:23,480 --> 00:05:25,680 THE OTHER SIDE OF ME. 157 00:05:25,680 --> 00:05:29,400 AND MY LIFE WAS NOT TYPICAL, I 158 00:05:29,400 --> 00:05:31,080 WOULD SAY. 159 00:05:31,080 --> 00:05:34,080 BUT NOT DIFFERENT FROM OTHERS. 160 00:05:34,080 --> 00:05:35,400 I WAS RAISED BY A SINGLE MOTHER. 161 00:05:35,400 --> 00:05:37,360 I HAVE A YOUNGER BROTHER WHO'S 162 00:05:37,360 --> 00:05:38,480 15 MONTHS YOUNGER THAN ME. 163 00:05:38,480 --> 00:05:39,800 I ALWAYS TELL HIM THAT JUST 164 00:05:39,800 --> 00:05:41,440 BECAUSE IT'S NOT A LOT OF 165 00:05:41,440 --> 00:05:43,360 DIFFERENCE BUT I LIKE TO BE THE 166 00:05:43,360 --> 00:05:44,160 ELDEST. 167 00:05:44,160 --> 00:05:46,160 SO I KNOW BETTER. 168 00:05:46,160 --> 00:05:48,880 BUT I WOULD DEFINITELY SAY EVER 169 00:05:48,880 --> 00:05:51,800 SINCE I CAN REMEMBER, MY MOTHER 170 00:05:51,800 --> 00:05:54,440 WAS SICK. 171 00:05:54,440 --> 00:05:56,000 SO WHEN I WAS REALLY YOUNG, MY 172 00:05:56,000 --> 00:05:57,240 MOTHER WAS DIAGNOSED WITH BREAST 173 00:05:57,240 --> 00:05:58,160 CANCER. 174 00:05:58,160 --> 00:06:01,440 AND UNFORTUNATELY, THAT BREAST 175 00:06:01,440 --> 00:06:03,000 CANCER METASTASIZED TO THE BONE, 176 00:06:03,000 --> 00:06:05,640 AND AT THIS TIME, DURING THIS 177 00:06:05,640 --> 00:06:07,240 TIME, SHE WAS GOING THROUGH 178 00:06:07,240 --> 00:06:08,880 CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIATION, AND 179 00:06:08,880 --> 00:06:11,720 MY MOM FOUGHT THAT DISEASE WITH 180 00:06:11,720 --> 00:06:14,480 ALL THAT SHE HAD, ALL THAT SHE 181 00:06:14,480 --> 00:06:16,320 HAD, BUT UNFORTUNATELY, WHEN I 182 00:06:16,320 --> 00:06:18,400 WAS 14 YEARS OF AGE, MY MOM LOST 183 00:06:18,400 --> 00:06:20,040 HER LIFE. 184 00:06:20,040 --> 00:06:21,560 TO THE DISEASE. 185 00:06:21,560 --> 00:06:25,400 AND AS YOU CAN IMAGINE, 186 00:06:25,400 --> 00:06:26,480 14-YEAR-OLD, STARTING HIGH 187 00:06:26,480 --> 00:06:27,360 SCHOOL, TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHO 188 00:06:27,360 --> 00:06:31,560 I WAS, WHAT I WAS AND LOSING MY 189 00:06:31,560 --> 00:06:35,120 BEST FRIEND, MY LIFE REALLY 190 00:06:35,120 --> 00:06:37,320 TURNED DOWN TO A DEEP AND DARK 191 00:06:37,320 --> 00:06:40,720 TUNNEL. 192 00:06:40,720 --> 00:06:42,400 AND AT THAT TIME, I DIDN'T 193 00:06:42,400 --> 00:06:43,440 REALLY KNOW WHAT I WANTED LIFE 194 00:06:43,440 --> 00:06:49,360 TO BE, AND I WAS YOUNG, RIGHT? 195 00:06:49,360 --> 00:06:50,680 AND ALSO DURING THAT TIME, I HAD 196 00:06:50,680 --> 00:06:51,880 A LOT OF SEPARATION THAT I 197 00:06:51,880 --> 00:06:52,160 EXPERIENCED. 198 00:06:52,160 --> 00:06:55,800 SO MY BROTHER, HE WAS MOVED DOWN 199 00:06:55,800 --> 00:06:57,440 TO NORTH CAROLINA TO LIVE WITH 200 00:06:57,440 --> 00:07:00,520 OUR FATHER, AND I REFUSED TO GO 201 00:07:00,520 --> 00:07:01,040 TO NORTH CAROLINA. 202 00:07:01,040 --> 00:07:02,400 MY FATHER AND I HAVE NOT ALWAYS 203 00:07:02,400 --> 00:07:04,560 HAD THE BEST OF RELATIONSHIPS. 204 00:07:04,560 --> 00:07:07,080 SO I ENDED UP STAYING IN 205 00:07:07,080 --> 00:07:10,200 MASSACHUSETTS AND LIVED WITH MY 206 00:07:10,200 --> 00:07:11,680 GRANDMOTHER, AND NOT ONLY THAT, 207 00:07:11,680 --> 00:07:13,880 WE LOST OUR CAT, I KNOW THAT 208 00:07:13,880 --> 00:07:15,920 SOUNDS VERY SILLY, BUT IT JUST 209 00:07:15,920 --> 00:07:16,560 FELT LIKE ONE LOSS AFTER THE 210 00:07:16,560 --> 00:07:18,080 OTHER WAS BEING EXPERIENCED AT 211 00:07:18,080 --> 00:07:20,760 THAT TIME. 212 00:07:20,760 --> 00:07:22,040 AND MY GRANDMOTHER, BEING THE 213 00:07:22,040 --> 00:07:24,480 SMART WOMAN THAT SHE WAS, ENDED 214 00:07:24,480 --> 00:07:26,760 UP HAVING AN ARMY OF SUPPORT 215 00:07:26,760 --> 00:07:29,920 THAT SURROUNDED ME. 216 00:07:29,920 --> 00:07:30,960 AND DURING THIS TIME, EVEN 217 00:07:30,960 --> 00:07:34,800 THOUGH I HAD THAT SUPPORT 218 00:07:34,800 --> 00:07:36,160 SYSTEM, I WASN'T ALWAYS AS VOCAL 219 00:07:36,160 --> 00:07:37,520 AS I WANTED TO BE OR THOUGHT I 220 00:07:37,520 --> 00:07:39,040 SHOULD BE, BECAUSE I WAS 14 AND 221 00:07:39,040 --> 00:07:40,680 TRYING TO DEAL WITH GRIEF, AND 222 00:07:40,680 --> 00:07:42,040 NOT REALLY UNDERSTANDING THE 223 00:07:42,040 --> 00:07:45,240 THOUGHT THAT I WAS HAVING. 224 00:07:45,240 --> 00:07:47,240 AND UNFORTUNATELY I ENDED UP 225 00:07:47,240 --> 00:07:48,200 HAVING SUICIDAL THOUGHTS. 226 00:07:48,200 --> 00:07:49,920 I ENDED UP THINKING I WOULD BE 227 00:07:49,920 --> 00:07:50,840 BETTER NOT BEING HERE. 228 00:07:50,840 --> 00:07:52,240 I ENDED UP THINKING THAT I 229 00:07:52,240 --> 00:07:53,240 WANTED TO KILL MYSELF AND I 230 00:07:53,240 --> 00:07:54,520 DIDN'T WANT TO BE PRESENT 231 00:07:54,520 --> 00:07:57,360 ANYMORE. 232 00:07:57,360 --> 00:07:59,560 BUT FOR SOME STRANGE REASON, 233 00:07:59,560 --> 00:08:00,920 JUST WOULDN'T VOICE THOSE THINGS 234 00:08:00,920 --> 00:08:01,600 TO FOLKS. 235 00:08:01,600 --> 00:08:03,160 BUT MY GRANDMOTHER, AGAIN, BEING 236 00:08:03,160 --> 00:08:05,920 VERY WISE THAT SHE WAS, HAD MY 237 00:08:05,920 --> 00:08:07,480 COOL COUSINS THAT WERE IN THEIR 238 00:08:07,480 --> 00:08:09,640 20s CHECK IN WITH ME ON A 239 00:08:09,640 --> 00:08:11,640 REGULAR BASIS, AND ONE OF MY 240 00:08:11,640 --> 00:08:13,440 COUSINS RECOGNIZED THAT I WASN'T 241 00:08:13,440 --> 00:08:15,120 THE SAME ARIELLE AS WHAT I USED 242 00:08:15,120 --> 00:08:17,480 TO BE. 243 00:08:17,480 --> 00:08:18,720 SO SHE SPOKE WITH MY 244 00:08:18,720 --> 00:08:19,760 GRANDMOTHER, AND THEY GOT ME 245 00:08:19,760 --> 00:08:20,160 HELP. 246 00:08:20,160 --> 00:08:22,800 I ENDED UP GOING TO THERAPY, AND 247 00:08:22,800 --> 00:08:24,520 WORKING THROUGH THE GRIEF. 248 00:08:24,520 --> 00:08:27,720 I STILL GRIEVE, AS I'M SURE MANY 249 00:08:27,720 --> 00:08:29,200 PEOPLE HAVE OR DO WHEN THEY LOSE 250 00:08:29,200 --> 00:08:29,520 SOMEONE. 251 00:08:29,520 --> 00:08:34,360 I MISS MY MOTHER A GREAT DEAL. 252 00:08:34,360 --> 00:08:36,200 BUT I WAS ABLE TO WORK THROUGH 253 00:08:36,200 --> 00:08:37,400 THAT VERY DARK SPACE THAT I WAS 254 00:08:37,400 --> 00:08:38,960 IN. 255 00:08:38,960 --> 00:08:43,800 SO THERE RESEARCH IS NOT ONLY A 256 00:08:43,800 --> 00:08:44,840 PROFESSIONAL LOOK THAT I HAVE 257 00:08:44,840 --> 00:08:48,040 BUT ALSO SOMETHING VERY NEAR AND 258 00:08:48,040 --> 00:08:49,120 DEAR TO MY HEART BECAUSE I HAVE 259 00:08:49,120 --> 00:08:50,600 BEEN THERE, I HAVE BEEN IN THAT 260 00:08:50,600 --> 00:08:52,640 DARK SPACE, AND I HOPE AND PRAY 261 00:08:52,640 --> 00:08:53,920 THAT MY WORK CAN ACTUALLY HELP 262 00:08:53,920 --> 00:08:54,920 OTHERS GET OUT OF THAT DARK 263 00:08:54,920 --> 00:08:59,520 SPACE AND MOVE FORWARD. 264 00:08:59,520 --> 00:09:02,120 SO AS I ALREADY STATED, I WENT 265 00:09:02,120 --> 00:09:03,120 TO PENN STATE. 266 00:09:03,120 --> 00:09:05,320 I WAS PUSHED BY MY GRANDMOTHER A 267 00:09:05,320 --> 00:09:06,880 GREAT DEAL TO KEEP ON MOVING 268 00:09:06,880 --> 00:09:09,160 FORWARD AND GOING FORWARD. 269 00:09:09,160 --> 00:09:10,800 AND NOT ONLY MY GRANDMOTHER, MY 270 00:09:10,800 --> 00:09:12,840 OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS AS WELL. 271 00:09:12,840 --> 00:09:16,680 I WENT TO PENN STATE, I AM A 272 00:09:16,680 --> 00:09:17,880 NITTANY LION, TRUE BLOOD ALL THE 273 00:09:17,880 --> 00:09:21,040 WAY THROUGH, WENT TO THE OTHER 274 00:09:21,040 --> 00:09:25,520 SCHOOL, OHIO STATE, SORRY, GUYS. 275 00:09:25,520 --> 00:09:27,400 AND GOT MY MASTER'S DEGREE AND 276 00:09:27,400 --> 00:09:29,600 THEN TO BE 100% HONEST, I REALLY 277 00:09:29,600 --> 00:09:30,280 GOT BURNT OUT. 278 00:09:30,280 --> 00:09:31,360 I GOT BURNT OUT FROM SCHOOL. 279 00:09:31,360 --> 00:09:33,120 SO I ENDED UP TRYING TO FIGURE 280 00:09:33,120 --> 00:09:36,920 OUT, WAS THIS PH.D. THING WHAT I 281 00:09:36,920 --> 00:09:37,560 REALLY WANTED TO DO. 282 00:09:37,560 --> 00:09:39,880 SO I GOT A RESEARCH POSITION AT 283 00:09:39,880 --> 00:09:40,520 NATIONWIDE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 284 00:09:40,520 --> 00:09:42,360 AND STARTED WORKING IN THE FIELD 285 00:09:42,360 --> 00:09:44,720 OF SUICIDE WITH MY MENTOR AND 286 00:09:44,720 --> 00:09:47,360 VERY CLOSE DEAR FRIEND, 287 00:09:47,360 --> 00:09:48,400 DR. JEFFREY BRIDGE, AND HE 288 00:09:48,400 --> 00:09:50,160 TAUGHT ME ALMOST EVERYTHING I 289 00:09:50,160 --> 00:09:53,000 KNOW, I WOULD SAY, AND THEN ALSO 290 00:09:53,000 --> 00:09:56,840 AT THAT TIME, I WAS ADJUNCT 291 00:09:56,840 --> 00:09:57,920 TEACHING AT COLUMBUS STATE 292 00:09:57,920 --> 00:09:59,120 COMMUNITY COLLEGE AND I REALIZED 293 00:09:59,120 --> 00:10:00,680 THAT I REALLY LOVED DOING THE 294 00:10:00,680 --> 00:10:01,880 RESEARCH AND THE TEACHING AND 295 00:10:01,880 --> 00:10:04,040 WANTED TO CONTINUE TO MOVE 296 00:10:04,040 --> 00:10:07,440 FORWARD B BUT I NEEDED AN EXTRA 297 00:10:07,440 --> 00:10:10,080 PUSH TO BE 100% HONEST AND THAT 298 00:10:10,080 --> 00:10:11,680 WAS JEFF TELLING ME, ARIELLE, GO 299 00:10:11,680 --> 00:10:11,960 TO SCHOOL. 300 00:10:11,960 --> 00:10:15,040 SO I ENDED UP GOING BACK FOR MY 301 00:10:15,040 --> 00:10:16,520 PH.D. AT OHIO STATE, DID A POST 302 00:10:16,520 --> 00:10:17,840 DATE OF BIRTH IN SAN ANTONIO, 303 00:10:17,840 --> 00:10:20,440 WHERE MY SON WAS BORN. 304 00:10:20,440 --> 00:10:21,600 HE IS A TEXAN. 305 00:10:21,600 --> 00:10:23,360 AND THEN WENT BACK TO CHILDREN'S 306 00:10:23,360 --> 00:10:24,840 HOSPITAL IN COLUMBUS, OHIO TO DO 307 00:10:24,840 --> 00:10:26,800 ANOTHER POSTDOC, WHERE I WAS 308 00:10:26,800 --> 00:10:28,840 ABLE TO INITIATE MY OWN 309 00:10:28,840 --> 00:10:31,280 INDEPENDENT LINE OF RESEARCH. 310 00:10:31,280 --> 00:10:33,280 AND NOW I AM AT THE UNIVERSITY 311 00:10:33,280 --> 00:10:37,080 OF ROCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER. 312 00:10:37,080 --> 00:10:38,520 SO AGAIN, LOTS OF TWISTS, LOTS 313 00:10:38,520 --> 00:10:40,080 OF TURNS, BUT I AM WHERE I AM 314 00:10:40,080 --> 00:10:41,760 FOR A REASON I DO BELIEVE THAT 315 00:10:41,760 --> 00:10:42,680 100%. 316 00:10:42,680 --> 00:10:44,960 AND THIS IS MY FAMILY. 317 00:10:44,960 --> 00:10:48,000 I ALWAYS LIKE TO SHOW THEM 318 00:10:48,000 --> 00:10:52,280 BECAUSE ON REALLY BAD DAYS, THEY 319 00:10:52,280 --> 00:10:53,800 ARE THERE EVERY SINGLE DAY, 320 00:10:53,800 --> 00:10:55,000 100%, PUSHING ME TO KEEP ON 321 00:10:55,000 --> 00:10:56,120 GOING AND MOVING FORWARD, AND 322 00:10:56,120 --> 00:10:57,080 WITHOUT THEM, I DON'T KNOW WHERE 323 00:10:57,080 --> 00:10:59,920 I WOULD BE. 324 00:10:59,920 --> 00:11:01,440 SO I ALWAYS LIKE TO SHOUT THEM 325 00:11:01,440 --> 00:11:02,600 OUT AND TO GIVE THEM A LITTLE 326 00:11:02,600 --> 00:11:04,320 BIT OF A PIECE OF MY 327 00:11:04,320 --> 00:11:08,400 PRESENTATION AS WELL. 328 00:11:08,400 --> 00:11:09,880 SO NOW THAT I'VE TALKED ABOUT ME 329 00:11:09,880 --> 00:11:10,800 PERSONALLY, I WOULD LIKE TO 330 00:11:10,800 --> 00:11:11,760 START GETTING INTO THE DETAILS 331 00:11:11,760 --> 00:11:13,040 OF THE STATS AND THE FIGURES, 332 00:11:13,040 --> 00:11:14,120 BUT BEFORE DOING SO, I WANT TO 333 00:11:14,120 --> 00:11:15,360 MAKE SURE WE'RE ALL ON THE SAME 334 00:11:15,360 --> 00:11:19,160 PAGE WITH DEFINITIONS. 335 00:11:19,160 --> 00:11:20,280 BECAUSE SOMETIMES WHEN YOU HEAR 336 00:11:20,280 --> 00:11:21,960 THESE WORDS, NOT EVERYONE MAY BE 337 00:11:21,960 --> 00:11:22,800 THINKING IN THE SAME LIGHT. 338 00:11:22,800 --> 00:11:24,320 SO I WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT WHEN 339 00:11:24,320 --> 00:11:26,400 I SAY THEM, YOU ALL UNDERSTAND 340 00:11:26,400 --> 00:11:29,680 WHAT I AM REFERRING TO. 341 00:11:29,680 --> 00:11:31,120 SO SUICIDE, WHAT DO I MEAN BY 342 00:11:31,120 --> 00:11:31,640 THAT? 343 00:11:31,640 --> 00:11:34,840 SUICIDE IS THE DEATH OF AN 344 00:11:34,840 --> 00:11:36,880 INDIVIDUAL THAT IS CAUSED BY AN 345 00:11:36,880 --> 00:11:38,920 INJURY TO ONESELF WITH EXPLICIT 346 00:11:38,920 --> 00:11:43,240 OR INFERRED INTENT TO DIE. 347 00:11:43,240 --> 00:11:44,120 SUICIDAL IDEATION IS WHEN YOU 348 00:11:44,120 --> 00:11:46,040 HAVE THOUGHTS ABOUT SUICIDE, AND 349 00:11:46,040 --> 00:11:47,880 THOSE CAN RANGE FROM WISHING YOU 350 00:11:47,880 --> 00:11:49,920 WERE DEAD, WISHING YOU COULD GO 351 00:11:49,920 --> 00:11:51,520 TO SLEEP AND NOT WAKE UP, ALL 352 00:11:51,520 --> 00:11:52,520 THE WAY TO ACTUALLY THINKING 353 00:11:52,520 --> 00:11:54,840 ABOUT A PLAN, A METHOD, AND 354 00:11:54,840 --> 00:11:57,800 HAVING THAT INTENT. 355 00:11:57,800 --> 00:11:59,560 SO THERE CAN BE A RANGE IN TERMS 356 00:11:59,560 --> 00:12:02,280 OF SUICIDAL THOUGHTS. 357 00:12:02,280 --> 00:12:05,560 SUICIDE ATTEMPT IS A NON-FATAL 358 00:12:05,560 --> 00:12:07,320 SELF INJURIOUS ACT, AND YOU HAVE 359 00:12:07,320 --> 00:12:09,720 TO HAVE THAT STATED OR INFERRED 360 00:12:09,720 --> 00:12:10,840 INTENT TO DIE. 361 00:12:10,840 --> 00:12:14,680 SO WITH THOSE THREE, IT 362 00:12:14,680 --> 00:12:16,400 ENCOMPASSES SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR. 363 00:12:16,400 --> 00:12:17,360 ANOTHER RELATE TERM THAT YOU'LL 364 00:12:17,360 --> 00:12:20,200 HEAR THROUGHOUT THE PRESENTATION 365 00:12:20,200 --> 00:12:23,520 IS SELF-HARM BEHAVIOR, ALSO 366 00:12:23,520 --> 00:12:25,680 KNOWN AS NON-SUICIDAL 367 00:12:25,680 --> 00:12:26,000 SELF-INJURY. 368 00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:28,760 THIS IS WHEN SOMEONE PURPOSELY 369 00:12:28,760 --> 00:12:31,800 HURTS THEMSELF, AND IT'S USUALLY 370 00:12:31,800 --> 00:12:34,440 PHYSICAL HARM, AND IT IS WITHOUT 371 00:12:34,440 --> 00:12:36,440 THE INTENT TO DIE. 372 00:12:36,440 --> 00:12:39,560 SO THAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 373 00:12:39,560 --> 00:12:41,320 SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR AND SELF HARM 374 00:12:41,320 --> 00:12:42,240 BEHAVIOR. 375 00:12:42,240 --> 00:12:44,920 ALTHOUGH RESEARCH HAS SHOWN THAT 376 00:12:44,920 --> 00:12:46,600 THERE IS AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN 377 00:12:46,600 --> 00:12:49,520 THE TWO. 378 00:12:49,520 --> 00:12:54,120 SO THE PROBLEM OF YOUTH SUICIDE. 379 00:12:54,120 --> 00:12:56,400 IN 2020, SUICIDE WAS ACTUALLY 380 00:12:56,400 --> 00:12:57,960 THE TENTH LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH 381 00:12:57,960 --> 00:13:00,480 FOR ALL AGE GROUPS, BUT FOR 382 00:13:00,480 --> 00:13:02,200 YOUTH 10 TO 19 YEARS OF AGE, IT 383 00:13:02,200 --> 00:13:03,560 WAS ACTUALLY THE THIRD LEADING 384 00:13:03,560 --> 00:13:05,520 CAUSE OF DEATH, AND ACCOUNTED 385 00:13:05,520 --> 00:13:09,800 FOR ALMOST 2800 LIVES LOST. 386 00:13:09,800 --> 00:13:12,920 AND IF YOU TAKE IT ALL TOGETHER, 387 00:13:12,920 --> 00:13:16,000 THAT NUMBER IS ACTUALLY MORE 388 00:13:16,000 --> 00:13:21,560 THAN SEVEN LEADING CAUSES OF 389 00:13:21,560 --> 00:13:22,000 DEATH. 390 00:13:22,000 --> 00:13:23,240 WHEN YOU LOOK AT SUICIDE IN THIS 391 00:13:23,240 --> 00:13:25,320 AGE GROUP, 10 TO 19 YEARS, FOR 392 00:13:25,320 --> 00:13:26,600 THE PAST 10 YEE YOU WILL SEE 393 00:13:26,600 --> 00:13:29,240 THAT THERE IS QUITE A DIFFERENCE 394 00:13:29,240 --> 00:13:30,120 WHEN YOU LOOK AT SEX. 395 00:13:30,120 --> 00:13:33,960 SO MALES ARE MORE LIKELY TO DIE 396 00:13:33,960 --> 00:13:35,040 BY SUICIDE AND IT'S ABOUT THREE 397 00:13:35,040 --> 00:13:36,440 TIMES HIGHER IN MALES 398 00:13:36,440 --> 00:13:41,160 SPECIFICALLY, AND ABOUT 75% OF 399 00:13:41,160 --> 00:13:44,440 DEATHS THAT ARE SUICIDE-SPECIFIC 400 00:13:44,440 --> 00:13:48,240 ARE FOR MALE THAN FOR KNEE MAIL. 401 00:13:48,240 --> 00:13:48,840 FEMALE. 402 00:13:48,840 --> 00:13:50,480 HOWEVER, I WILL DEFINITELY TELL 403 00:13:50,480 --> 00:13:53,560 YOU THIS GAP IS STARTING TO 404 00:13:53,560 --> 00:13:53,840 CHANGE. 405 00:13:53,840 --> 00:13:57,240 SO THIS IS DATA PLOTTED FROM 406 00:13:57,240 --> 00:13:57,760 2000 TO 2020. 407 00:13:57,760 --> 00:13:59,120 AND WHAT YOU CAN SEE HERE IS 408 00:13:59,120 --> 00:14:00,920 THAT THE GREEN LINE IS THE 409 00:14:00,920 --> 00:14:02,360 OVERALL LINE, AND IT HAS 410 00:14:02,360 --> 00:14:03,760 INCREASED FOR THIS AGE GROUP 411 00:14:03,760 --> 00:14:07,000 OVER THE PAST 20 YEARS AT 42%. 412 00:14:07,000 --> 00:14:10,480 AND MALES HAVE ALSO INCREASED AT 413 00:14:10,480 --> 00:14:10,920 28%. 414 00:14:10,920 --> 00:14:15,200 BUT FEMALES HAVE ACTUALLY 415 00:14:15,200 --> 00:14:17,640 INCREASED 114% IN THE PAST 20 416 00:14:17,640 --> 00:14:19,000 YEARS. 417 00:14:19,000 --> 00:14:21,400 SO THIS INCREASE IS ABOUT FOUR 418 00:14:21,400 --> 00:14:23,520 TIMES HIGHER THAN THAT INCREASE 419 00:14:23,520 --> 00:14:28,280 OF MALES. 420 00:14:28,280 --> 00:14:29,920 AND THEN WHEN YOU LOOK AT 421 00:14:29,920 --> 00:14:32,040 SELF-HARM BEHAVIOR, THE CDC 422 00:14:32,040 --> 00:14:33,200 ACTUALLY TRACKS THIS AS WELL, 423 00:14:33,200 --> 00:14:37,000 AND THIS SLIDE IS FROM 2001 TO 424 00:14:37,000 --> 00:14:37,520 2020. 425 00:14:37,520 --> 00:14:41,080 THE BLUE LINE IS THE RATE OF 426 00:14:41,080 --> 00:14:42,760 SELF-HARM, AND THE BARS, THE 427 00:14:42,760 --> 00:14:46,440 GOLD BARS ARE ACTUALLY THE 428 00:14:46,440 --> 00:14:48,200 NUMBER OF ED PRESENTATIONS, SO 429 00:14:48,200 --> 00:14:49,200 THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT 430 00:14:49,200 --> 00:14:50,440 PRESENTATIONS FOR SELF-HARM 431 00:14:50,440 --> 00:14:51,240 BEHAVIOR. 432 00:14:51,240 --> 00:14:54,560 AND WHAT YOU CAN SEE HERE IS 433 00:14:54,560 --> 00:14:56,640 FROM 2001 TO 2020, WE HAVE 434 00:14:56,640 --> 00:15:00,680 ACTUALLY EXPERIENCED A 181% 435 00:15:00,680 --> 00:15:02,680 INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF 436 00:15:02,680 --> 00:15:04,400 PRESENTATIONS IN OUR EMERGENCY 437 00:15:04,400 --> 00:15:07,240 ROOMS ACROSS THE U.S. FOR 438 00:15:07,240 --> 00:15:09,200 SELF-HARM BEHAVIOR FOR 10 TO 439 00:15:09,200 --> 00:15:12,160 19-YEAR-OLDS. 440 00:15:12,160 --> 00:15:13,240 AND JUST TO GIVE YOU SOME 441 00:15:13,240 --> 00:15:14,560 INSIGHT ON WHAT THOSE NUMBERS 442 00:15:14,560 --> 00:15:17,760 ARE, IN 2001, IT WAS ABOUT 1500 443 00:15:17,760 --> 00:15:20,040 CASES IN THE EMERGENCY ROOMS 444 00:15:20,040 --> 00:15:23,600 AROUND THE U.S., AND FOR 2020, 445 00:15:23,600 --> 00:15:26,160 IT WAS ACTUALLY ABOUT 4200 YOUTH 446 00:15:26,160 --> 00:15:30,080 IN THIS AGE RANGE. 447 00:15:30,080 --> 00:15:31,240 SO WHAT ABOUT THE YOUNGEST OF 448 00:15:31,240 --> 00:15:32,000 THE YOUNG? 449 00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:33,280 THAT IS MY AREA OF INTEREST, I 450 00:15:33,280 --> 00:15:34,880 MUST SAY I AM A LITTLE BIT 451 00:15:34,880 --> 00:15:35,320 BIASED. 452 00:15:35,320 --> 00:15:38,440 I DO FOCUS IN ON THE YOUNGER AGE 453 00:15:38,440 --> 00:15:40,160 GROUP, AND THE REASON BEING IS 454 00:15:40,160 --> 00:15:41,720 BECAUSE WHEN WE GET TO 455 00:15:41,720 --> 00:15:43,320 ADOLESCENCE, THERE ARE SOME 456 00:15:43,320 --> 00:15:45,600 INTERVENTIONS THAT ARE PRESENT. 457 00:15:45,600 --> 00:15:47,160 THERE ARE A LOT MORE LAYERS THAT 458 00:15:47,160 --> 00:15:49,360 YOU HAVE TO PEEL BACK WITH 459 00:15:49,360 --> 00:15:50,440 ADOLESCENTS, AS I'M SURE SOME OF 460 00:15:50,440 --> 00:15:54,040 YOU CAN ATTEST TO WHEN THINKING 461 00:15:54,040 --> 00:15:55,360 ABOUT YOUR ADOLESCENT YEARS OR 462 00:15:55,360 --> 00:15:57,360 EVEN WHILE YOU'RE RAISING 463 00:15:57,360 --> 00:15:57,840 ADOLESCENTS. 464 00:15:57,840 --> 00:15:58,840 AND I THINK FOR THE YOUNGEST OF 465 00:15:58,840 --> 00:16:01,400 THE YOUNG, WHICH WHEN I 466 00:16:01,400 --> 00:16:03,240 REFERENCE IS 5 TO 12 YEARS OF 467 00:16:03,240 --> 00:16:05,320 AGE, I FEEL AS IF FAMILY 468 00:16:05,320 --> 00:16:07,440 ACTUALLY CAN PLAY A BIG ROLE IN 469 00:16:07,440 --> 00:16:08,400 INTERVENTION, AND THAT IS 470 00:16:08,400 --> 00:16:11,080 SOMETHING THAT IS VERY NEAR AND 471 00:16:11,080 --> 00:16:12,440 DEAR TO MY HEART, BEING A HUMAN 472 00:16:12,440 --> 00:16:14,280 DEVELOPMENT AND FAMILY STUDIES 473 00:16:14,280 --> 00:16:14,720 PERSON. 474 00:16:14,720 --> 00:16:15,520 SO THAT'S ONE OF THE REASONS WHY 475 00:16:15,520 --> 00:16:17,720 I REALLY FOCUS ON THIS YOUNGER 476 00:16:17,720 --> 00:16:18,760 AGE RANGE. 477 00:16:18,760 --> 00:16:20,600 AND ALSO, WE DON'T KNOW A LOT 478 00:16:20,600 --> 00:16:22,160 ABOUT THIS YOUNGER AGE RANGE, 479 00:16:22,160 --> 00:16:24,440 AND I THINK THAT IS SOMETHING 480 00:16:24,440 --> 00:16:26,640 ELSE THAT WE NEED TO FOCUS OUR 481 00:16:26,640 --> 00:16:27,960 ENERGIES ON SO THAT WE CAN 482 00:16:27,960 --> 00:16:29,240 ACTUALLY THINK ABOUT 483 00:16:29,240 --> 00:16:34,440 INTERVENTIONS FOR THEM AS WELL. 484 00:16:34,440 --> 00:16:35,400 UNFORTUNATELY THIS AGE RANGE HAS 485 00:16:35,400 --> 00:16:38,280 ALSO SEEN INCREASES IN SUICIDAL 486 00:16:38,280 --> 00:16:41,640 BEHAVIOR OVER THE YEARS. 487 00:16:41,640 --> 00:16:45,760 SO IN 2009, AS CAN YOU SEE HERE, 488 00:16:45,760 --> 00:16:47,080 IT WAS ACTUALLY THE EIGHTH 489 00:16:47,080 --> 00:16:49,080 LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH FOR KIDS 490 00:16:49,080 --> 00:16:50,960 5 TO 12 YEARS OF AGE, AND 491 00:16:50,960 --> 00:16:53,640 ACCOUNTED FOR 82 DEATHS IN 492 00:16:53,640 --> 00:16:54,600 TOTAL. 493 00:16:54,600 --> 00:16:56,960 IN 2014, IT ROSE TO THE SIXTH 494 00:16:56,960 --> 00:16:58,400 LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH. 495 00:16:58,400 --> 00:16:59,800 IN 2019, IT BECAME THE FIFTH 496 00:16:59,800 --> 00:17:01,400 LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH, AND 497 00:17:01,400 --> 00:17:04,040 ACTUALLY ACCOUNTED FOR DOUBLE 498 00:17:04,040 --> 00:17:06,880 THAT NUMBER OF DEATHS THAN WHAT 499 00:17:06,880 --> 00:17:08,040 WE SAW IN 2009. 500 00:17:08,040 --> 00:17:10,280 SO IN THAT 10-YEAR SPAN, WE SAW 501 00:17:10,280 --> 00:17:12,040 DOUBLE THAT NUMBER. 502 00:17:12,040 --> 00:17:16,480 AND IN 2020, IT WAS ACTUALLY THE 503 00:17:16,480 --> 00:17:18,160 FIFTH LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH AND 504 00:17:18,160 --> 00:17:20,520 ACCOUNTED FOR 180 YOUTH WHO 505 00:17:20,520 --> 00:17:22,200 ACTUALLY DIED BY SUICIDE IN THIS 506 00:17:22,200 --> 00:17:26,320 AGE RANGE. 507 00:17:26,320 --> 00:17:27,440 THIS IS JUST ANOTHER WAY TO LOOK 508 00:17:27,440 --> 00:17:28,360 AT THAT DATA. 509 00:17:28,360 --> 00:17:30,560 I PLOTTED IT OUT FROM 1990 TO 510 00:17:30,560 --> 00:17:31,600 2020, AND AGAIN, JUST TO GIVE 511 00:17:31,600 --> 00:17:35,200 YOU SOME INSIGHT, NUMBER OF 512 00:17:35,200 --> 00:17:37,000 DEATHS IS THE COLUMNS, SO THE 513 00:17:37,000 --> 00:17:38,280 GOLD COLUMNS, AND THE BLUE LINE 514 00:17:38,280 --> 00:17:42,640 IS THE RATE OF SUICIDE. 515 00:17:42,640 --> 00:17:45,200 AND FROM 1990 TO 2020, WE HAVE 516 00:17:45,200 --> 00:17:50,600 ACTUALLY SEEN A 195% INCREASE IN 517 00:17:50,600 --> 00:17:54,000 THE NUMBER OF SUICIDE DEATHS FOR 518 00:17:54,000 --> 00:17:59,840 YOUTH 5 TO 12 YEARS OF AGE. 519 00:17:59,840 --> 00:18:01,160 SOME FOLKS DO LOOK AT THIS 520 00:18:01,160 --> 00:18:02,120 DECREASE WHICH IS PRESENT, SO 521 00:18:02,120 --> 00:18:03,360 THERE IS A DECREASE WHICH 522 00:18:03,360 --> 00:18:05,560 OCCURRED FROM 2018 TO 2019. 523 00:18:05,560 --> 00:18:07,920 IT WAS ABOUT 11% IN TERMS OF THE 524 00:18:07,920 --> 00:18:08,600 DECREASE. 525 00:18:08,600 --> 00:18:10,760 BUT THEN UNFORTUNATELY, FROM 526 00:18:10,760 --> 00:18:13,240 2019 TO 2020, WE SAW A 10% 527 00:18:13,240 --> 00:18:17,560 INCREASE THAT OCCURRED. 528 00:18:17,560 --> 00:18:19,080 WHEN YOU LOOK AT SELF HARM 529 00:18:19,080 --> 00:18:20,480 BEHAVIOR, WHAT DOES THAT ENTAIL 530 00:18:20,480 --> 00:18:22,120 IN THIS YOUNGEST AGE GROUP? 531 00:18:22,120 --> 00:18:26,360 SO AGAIN, AS YOU SAW WITH OTHER 532 00:18:26,360 --> 00:18:28,680 SLIDES, THE BARS AT THE NUMBER 533 00:18:28,680 --> 00:18:31,400 OF PRESENTATIONS FOR THE ED 534 00:18:31,400 --> 00:18:32,760 WHEREAS THE RATE IS THAT BLUE 535 00:18:32,760 --> 00:18:35,360 LINE, AND WHAT WE'VE SEEN FROM 536 00:18:35,360 --> 00:18:42,160 2001 TO 2020, WE'VE SEEN A 411% 537 00:18:42,160 --> 00:18:44,360 INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF ED 538 00:18:44,360 --> 00:18:45,680 PRESENTATIONS FOR SELF-HARM 539 00:18:45,680 --> 00:18:47,000 BEHAVIOR IN OUR 5 TO 12 YEARS 540 00:18:47,000 --> 00:18:50,200 OLDS. 541 00:18:50,200 --> 00:18:52,800 SO IT'S NOT SPECIFIC TO ONE AGE 542 00:18:52,800 --> 00:18:53,240 GROUP. 543 00:18:53,240 --> 00:18:54,840 THAT IS SOMETHING THAT I DO WANT 544 00:18:54,840 --> 00:18:55,520 TO PREFACE. 545 00:18:55,520 --> 00:18:57,520 AND UNFORTUNATELY, WE ARE SEEING 546 00:18:57,520 --> 00:18:59,720 DRASTIC INCREASES IN THIS REALLY 547 00:18:59,720 --> 00:19:04,760 YOUNG AGE GROUP. 548 00:19:04,760 --> 00:19:06,360 WHEN YOU LOOK AT GROUPS IN 549 00:19:06,360 --> 00:19:08,080 TOTAL, SO 5 TO 19-YEAR-OLD, AND 550 00:19:08,080 --> 00:19:09,160 YOU LOOK AT RACE OVER THE PAST 551 00:19:09,160 --> 00:19:10,960 20 YEARS, WHAT YOU'LL SEE HERE 552 00:19:10,960 --> 00:19:13,560 IS THAT UNFORTUNATELY FOR 553 00:19:13,560 --> 00:19:15,000 INDIGENOUS YOUTH, THEY HAVE 554 00:19:15,000 --> 00:19:16,560 ALWAYS HAD HISTORICALLY THE 555 00:19:16,560 --> 00:19:19,800 HIGHEST RATE OF SUICIDE DEATHS. 556 00:19:19,800 --> 00:19:21,800 AND THAT HAS GONE ON FOR MANY, 557 00:19:21,800 --> 00:19:24,360 MANY YEARS NOW. 558 00:19:24,360 --> 00:19:27,480 WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE INCREASE, 559 00:19:27,480 --> 00:19:29,760 LIKE FROM 2000 TO 2020, WHAT 560 00:19:29,760 --> 00:19:32,360 YOU'LL SEE IS THAT FOR WHITE 561 00:19:32,360 --> 00:19:36,000 YOUTH SPECIFICALLY, WE'VE SEEN A 562 00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:41,440 40% INCREASE FOR OUR INDIGENOUS 563 00:19:41,440 --> 00:19:42,880 INDIVIDUALS OR OUR INDIGENOUS 564 00:19:42,880 --> 00:19:44,600 YOUTH, WE'VE SEEN A 44% 565 00:19:44,600 --> 00:19:45,080 INCREASE. 566 00:19:45,080 --> 00:19:47,800 FOR OUR ASIAN PACIFIC ISLANDER 567 00:19:47,800 --> 00:19:49,960 YOUTH, WE'VE SEEN A 62% 568 00:19:49,960 --> 00:19:51,440 INCREASE, AND THEN FOR OUR BLACK 569 00:19:51,440 --> 00:19:53,600 YOUTH, THEY'VE ACTUALLY SEEN THE 570 00:19:53,600 --> 00:19:59,800 LARGEST INCREASE, AT 78%. 571 00:19:59,800 --> 00:20:01,560 WHEN YOU LOOK AT HISPANIC AND 572 00:20:01,560 --> 00:20:03,000 NON-HISPANIC YOUTH, WE ALSO SEE 573 00:20:03,000 --> 00:20:05,720 DIFFERENCES THERE AS WELL FOR 574 00:20:05,720 --> 00:20:06,320 OUR 5 TO 19-YEAR-OLDS. 575 00:20:06,320 --> 00:20:07,800 THIS IS FOR THE PAST 10 YEARS 576 00:20:07,800 --> 00:20:10,000 JUST SO YOU ALL ARE AWARE. 577 00:20:10,000 --> 00:20:12,960 FOR OUR MALES, OUR HISPANIC 578 00:20:12,960 --> 00:20:15,360 MALES FROM 2010 TO 2020, WE'VE 579 00:20:15,360 --> 00:20:18,040 ACTUALLY SEEN A 61% INCREASE, 580 00:20:18,040 --> 00:20:19,760 AND THEN FOR OUR FEMALES, WE'VE 581 00:20:19,760 --> 00:20:24,640 ACTUALLY SEEN A 78% INCREASE IN 582 00:20:24,640 --> 00:20:28,280 THIS SPECIFIC AGE GROUP. 583 00:20:28,280 --> 00:20:29,680 AND LAST BUT NOT LEAST, WHEN YOU 584 00:20:29,680 --> 00:20:33,440 LOOK AT METHOD OF SUICIDE, 585 00:20:33,440 --> 00:20:36,040 YOU'LL SEE HERE THAT MALES ARE 586 00:20:36,040 --> 00:20:38,760 MORE LIKELY TO DIE BY SUICIDE BY 587 00:20:38,760 --> 00:20:39,880 FIREARM, WHEREAS FEMALES ARE 588 00:20:39,880 --> 00:20:44,360 MORE LIKELY TO DIE BY SUICIDE BY 589 00:20:44,360 --> 00:20:45,360 HANGING SUFFOCATION. 590 00:20:45,360 --> 00:20:46,640 HOWEVER, THERE HAVE BEEN SOME 591 00:20:46,640 --> 00:20:47,880 INCREASES THAT ARE QUITE TELLING 592 00:20:47,880 --> 00:20:51,000 AND SCARY, TO BE 100% HONEST, 593 00:20:51,000 --> 00:20:53,320 FOR FIREARMS IN FEMALES. 594 00:20:53,320 --> 00:20:55,400 WE ACTUALLY, FROM THE PAST 10 595 00:20:55,400 --> 00:21:00,000 YEARS, HAVE SEEN AN 80% 596 00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:02,040 INCREASE, AND WE ALL KNOW, IF WE 597 00:21:02,040 --> 00:21:04,880 DON'T KNOW, FIREARM AND HANGING 598 00:21:04,880 --> 00:21:08,760 SUFFOCATION ARE THE MOST LETHAL 599 00:21:08,760 --> 00:21:10,680 MEANS FOR SUICIDE, SO WE'RE 600 00:21:10,680 --> 00:21:13,440 SEEING THIS VERY HIGH INCREASE 601 00:21:13,440 --> 00:21:15,320 OCCUR IN OUR FEMALES, AND THAT 602 00:21:15,320 --> 00:21:17,400 MIGHT BE ONE OF THE REASONS WHY 603 00:21:17,400 --> 00:21:20,200 WE'RE SEEING THESE INCREASES IN 604 00:21:20,200 --> 00:21:22,080 OUR RATES FOR FEMALES 605 00:21:22,080 --> 00:21:24,480 SPECIFICALLY. 606 00:21:24,480 --> 00:21:25,600 SO NOW THAT WE'VE TALKED A 607 00:21:25,600 --> 00:21:28,560 LITTLE BIT ABOUT JUST YOUTH 608 00:21:28,560 --> 00:21:29,560 SUICIDE EPIDEMIOLOGY IN GENERAL, 609 00:21:29,560 --> 00:21:31,400 I'D LIKE TO FOCUS SOME ENERGIES 610 00:21:31,400 --> 00:21:35,880 ON BLACK YOUTH SUICIDE. 611 00:21:35,880 --> 00:21:36,960 AND SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR. 612 00:21:36,960 --> 00:21:38,560 SO IN 2020, SUICIDE WAS THE 613 00:21:38,560 --> 00:21:41,880 THIRD LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH FOR 614 00:21:41,880 --> 00:21:43,520 BLACK YOUTH 5 TO 19 YEARS OF 615 00:21:43,520 --> 00:21:48,920 AGE, AND IT ACCOUNTED FOR 616 00:21:48,920 --> 00:21:49,880 395 DEATHS IN 2020. 617 00:21:49,880 --> 00:21:54,760 AND THIS IS AN 86% INCREASE OVER 618 00:21:54,760 --> 00:21:56,560 20 YEARS. 619 00:21:56,560 --> 00:21:59,800 SO JUST SO YOU GUYS ARE AWARE, 620 00:21:59,800 --> 00:22:01,080 IN 2000, IT WAS ACTUALLY THE 621 00:22:01,080 --> 00:22:04,080 FOURTH LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH, 622 00:22:04,080 --> 00:22:07,160 AND NOW IT IS CONSIDERED THE 623 00:22:07,160 --> 00:22:08,040 THIRD FOR BLACK YOUTH IN THIS 624 00:22:08,040 --> 00:22:10,840 AGE RANGE. 625 00:22:10,840 --> 00:22:12,680 THERE HAS BEEN A GOOD AMOUNT OF 626 00:22:12,680 --> 00:22:14,360 RESEARCH THAT HAS HAPPENED 627 00:22:14,360 --> 00:22:16,160 RECENTLY WHEN EXAMINING BLACK 628 00:22:16,160 --> 00:22:17,520 YOUTH SUICIDE AND SUICIDAL 629 00:22:17,520 --> 00:22:18,520 BEHAVIOR, AND THIS IS JUST SOME 630 00:22:18,520 --> 00:22:20,840 OF THE RESEARCH, THIS IS NOT ALL 631 00:22:20,840 --> 00:22:22,600 INCLUSIVE, I MUST SAY MY 632 00:22:22,600 --> 00:22:25,320 TIMELINE WOULD BE BURSTING WITH 633 00:22:25,320 --> 00:22:26,640 MORE, BUT THIS HAS BEEN SOME OF 634 00:22:26,640 --> 00:22:28,160 THE RESEARCH THAT I HAVE BEEN 635 00:22:28,160 --> 00:22:32,000 VERY MUCH INVOLVED IN AND VERY 636 00:22:32,000 --> 00:22:36,800 EXCITED TO BE INVOLVED IN. 637 00:22:36,800 --> 00:22:38,760 AND SOME THAT I HAVE NOT BEEN 638 00:22:38,760 --> 00:22:39,440 INVOLVED IN SPECIFICALLY. 639 00:22:39,440 --> 00:22:43,040 I'M GOING TO GO THROUGH A LITTLE 640 00:22:43,040 --> 00:22:44,560 BIT IN TERMS OF SOME OF THE 641 00:22:44,560 --> 00:22:46,520 ITEMS ON THIS TIMELINE, BUT JUST 642 00:22:46,520 --> 00:22:48,280 AGAIN SO YOU ARE AWARE, IT IS 643 00:22:48,280 --> 00:22:49,480 NOT ALL-INCLUSIVE. 644 00:22:49,480 --> 00:22:53,440 SO THIS ARTICLE, I HAD THE 645 00:22:53,440 --> 00:22:54,760 PLEASURE TO WORK WITH 646 00:22:54,760 --> 00:22:55,320 DR. JEFFREY BRIDGE AND 647 00:22:55,320 --> 00:22:56,280 COLLEAGUES, AND WE LOOKED AT THE 648 00:22:56,280 --> 00:23:00,400 AGE BY RACE DISPARITY PRESENT IN 649 00:23:00,400 --> 00:23:03,680 BLACK VERSUS WHITE YOUTH. 650 00:23:03,680 --> 00:23:05,120 WHAT WE FOUND IS WHEN WE 651 00:23:05,120 --> 00:23:08,960 ANALYZED THE DATA FROM 2001 TO 652 00:23:08,960 --> 00:23:10,400 2015, WE FOUND THAT OUR BLACK 653 00:23:10,400 --> 00:23:11,880 YOUTH WERE ABOUT TWO TIMES MORE 654 00:23:11,880 --> 00:23:13,640 LIKELY TO DIE BY SUICIDE THAN 655 00:23:13,640 --> 00:23:14,800 THEIR WHITE COUNTERPARTS BETWEEN 656 00:23:14,800 --> 00:23:16,480 THE AGES OF 5 AND 12 YEARS OLD, 657 00:23:16,480 --> 00:23:19,680 WHICH IS THE AGE RANGE THAT I 658 00:23:19,680 --> 00:23:20,480 SPECIFICALLY FOCUS SOME ENERGY 659 00:23:20,480 --> 00:23:20,920 ON. 660 00:23:20,920 --> 00:23:23,920 AND THEN BY 13, AN IT ACTUALLY 661 00:23:23,920 --> 00:23:25,360 SWITCHED, SO THEY WERE LESS 662 00:23:25,360 --> 00:23:29,840 LIKELY TO DIE BY SUICIDE AT THAT 663 00:23:29,840 --> 00:23:30,160 TIME. 664 00:23:30,160 --> 00:23:31,400 AND THEN ANOTHER ARTICLE THAT I 665 00:23:31,400 --> 00:23:34,880 WAS ABLE TO WORK WITH 666 00:23:34,880 --> 00:23:36,840 DR. MICHAEL LINDSAY AT NYU, AND 667 00:23:36,840 --> 00:23:38,920 WE LOOKED AT THE YOUTH RISK 668 00:23:38,920 --> 00:23:41,000 BEHAVIOR SURVEY DATA, AND WE 669 00:23:41,000 --> 00:23:45,200 EXAMINED SELF-REPORTED IDEATION 670 00:23:45,200 --> 00:23:46,200 SUICIDE ATTEMPTS OVER A PERIOD 671 00:23:46,200 --> 00:23:49,840 OF TIME FROM 1991 TO 2017, AND 672 00:23:49,840 --> 00:23:51,840 WHAT WE FOUND IS FOR 673 00:23:51,840 --> 00:23:55,240 SELF-REPORTED SUICIDE ATTEMPTS, 674 00:23:55,240 --> 00:24:01,480 OUR BLACK YOUTH SAW A 73% 675 00:24:01,480 --> 00:24:02,880 INCREASE AND ALSO FOUND THAT 676 00:24:02,880 --> 00:24:05,520 BLACK YOUTH HAD A 120% INCREASE 677 00:24:05,520 --> 00:24:07,240 IN SELF-REPORTED SUICIDE 678 00:24:07,240 --> 00:24:08,560 ATTEMPTS REQUIRING MEDICAL 679 00:24:08,560 --> 00:24:09,240 ATTENTION. 680 00:24:09,240 --> 00:24:11,960 SO THAT WAS VERY TELLING, AS YOU 681 00:24:11,960 --> 00:24:15,240 CAN IMAGINE, AND ALL OF THIS 682 00:24:15,240 --> 00:24:17,000 WORK THAT WE'VE BEEN DOING IN 683 00:24:17,000 --> 00:24:21,120 THE FIELD REALLY CULMINATED INTO 684 00:24:21,120 --> 00:24:24,640 WHAT WE CALL RINGING THE ALARM. 685 00:24:24,640 --> 00:24:26,280 I WAS VERY HONORED TO BE A PART 686 00:24:26,280 --> 00:24:27,440 OF THE EMERGENCY TASK FORCE THAT 687 00:24:27,440 --> 00:24:31,640 WAS ACTUALLY FORMED BY 688 00:24:31,640 --> 00:24:33,720 REPRESENTATIVE BONNIE WATSON 689 00:24:33,720 --> 00:24:36,680 COLEMAN, AND WE GOT TOGETHER IN 690 00:24:36,680 --> 00:24:38,640 A ROOM, WE SAT DOWN, IT WAS 691 00:24:38,640 --> 00:24:39,400 RESEARCHERS, CLINICIANS, 692 00:24:39,400 --> 00:24:43,560 COMMUNITY LEADERS, AND WE WROTE 693 00:24:43,560 --> 00:24:45,640 THIS REPORT ABOUT THE STATE OF 694 00:24:45,640 --> 00:24:48,400 THE CRISIS, BUT NOT ONLY THAT, 695 00:24:48,400 --> 00:24:49,440 WHAT WERE SOME OF THE 696 00:24:49,440 --> 00:24:51,200 RECOMMENDATIONS THAT WE COULD 697 00:24:51,200 --> 00:24:53,880 ACTUALLY GIVE TO OTHERS? 698 00:24:53,880 --> 00:24:55,840 SO WE HAD RECOMMENDATIONS ABOUT 699 00:24:55,840 --> 00:24:57,360 RESEARCH, WE HAD RECOMMENDATIONS 700 00:24:57,360 --> 00:24:59,960 ABOUT POLICY, CLINICAL CARE. 701 00:24:59,960 --> 00:25:03,880 SO THAT NOT ONLY COULD IT BE A 702 00:25:03,880 --> 00:25:05,680 TELL-ALL, SO TO SPEAK, IN TERMS 703 00:25:05,680 --> 00:25:07,360 OF TELLING YOU THE STATS AND THE 704 00:25:07,360 --> 00:25:08,800 FIGURES, BUT ALSO GIVE YOU SOME 705 00:25:08,800 --> 00:25:09,600 RECOMMENDATIONS ON WHERE TO GO 706 00:25:09,600 --> 00:25:12,000 FROM HERE. 707 00:25:12,000 --> 00:25:15,960 SO THAT REPORT IS READILY 708 00:25:15,960 --> 00:25:17,360 AVAILABLE, IT'S ONLINE, PLEASE 709 00:25:17,360 --> 00:25:18,440 FEEL FREE TO CHECK IT OUT IF YOU 710 00:25:18,440 --> 00:25:19,760 HAVE TIME, BUT I THINK THE ONE 711 00:25:19,760 --> 00:25:21,720 THING THAT I'M MOST PROUD OF IS 712 00:25:21,720 --> 00:25:23,400 THAT WE STILL MEET, WE ACTUALLY 713 00:25:23,400 --> 00:25:26,120 STILL ARE HEAVILY INVOLVED IN 714 00:25:26,120 --> 00:25:28,760 THIS MISSION, AND WE STILL ARE 715 00:25:28,760 --> 00:25:33,080 TRYING TO LOOK FOR WAYS TO 716 00:25:33,080 --> 00:25:34,760 ADVOCATE FOR PROGRAMMING, FOR 717 00:25:34,760 --> 00:25:37,560 POLICY, FOR RESEARCH, AND I 718 00:25:37,560 --> 00:25:39,440 THINK WE ARE, AS A TEAM, STILL 719 00:25:39,440 --> 00:25:43,360 VERY HIGHLY INVESTED IN LETTING 720 00:25:43,360 --> 00:25:44,720 PEOPLE KNOW THAT BLACK YOUTH 721 00:25:44,720 --> 00:25:46,240 SUICIDE DOES EXIST, IT'S STILL A 722 00:25:46,240 --> 00:25:48,080 PROBLEM, AND WE NEED TO REALLY 723 00:25:48,080 --> 00:25:50,960 FOCUS SOME ENERGIES ON THAT 724 00:25:50,960 --> 00:25:52,120 PROBLEM SPECIFICALLY IF WE WANT 725 00:25:52,120 --> 00:25:55,840 CHANGE TO OCCUR. 726 00:25:55,840 --> 00:25:57,600 SO LAST BUT NOT LEAST, I AM 727 00:25:57,600 --> 00:25:59,400 GOING TO GO THROUGH A RECENT 728 00:25:59,400 --> 00:26:02,240 ARTICLE THAT I PUBLISHED THAT 729 00:26:02,240 --> 00:26:06,280 LOOKED AT BLACK YOUTH SUICIDE 730 00:26:06,280 --> 00:26:06,680 ONLY. 731 00:26:06,680 --> 00:26:10,760 IN OTHER PAPERS, WE'VE COMPARED 732 00:26:10,760 --> 00:26:11,840 TO OTHER RACIAL GROUPS, AND 733 00:26:11,840 --> 00:26:13,160 AGAIN, I THINK THAT IS MOST -- 734 00:26:13,160 --> 00:26:15,120 IT IS APPROPRIATE TO DO, BUT I 735 00:26:15,120 --> 00:26:16,760 REALLY WANTED TO FOCUS SOME 736 00:26:16,760 --> 00:26:20,280 ENERGY ON BLACK YOUTH ONLY. 737 00:26:20,280 --> 00:26:21,760 AND TRY TO FIGURE OUT, OKAY, 738 00:26:21,760 --> 00:26:23,160 WHAT'S GOING ON WITH THE RATES 739 00:26:23,160 --> 00:26:25,800 BY AGE, BY SEX, WHAT ARE THOSE 740 00:26:25,800 --> 00:26:26,480 PRECIPITATING CIRCUMSTANCES THAT 741 00:26:26,480 --> 00:26:28,600 ARE HAPPENING PRIOR TO THAT 742 00:26:28,600 --> 00:26:30,080 SUICIDE DEATH BY AGE AND BY SEX 743 00:26:30,080 --> 00:26:32,400 SO THAT WE CAN ACTUALLY REALLY 744 00:26:32,400 --> 00:26:34,240 START THINKING ABOUT 745 00:26:34,240 --> 00:26:35,320 INTERVENTION AND REALLY FOCUS 746 00:26:35,320 --> 00:26:39,960 SOME ENERGIES IN THAT SPACE. 747 00:26:39,960 --> 00:26:42,560 SO FOR THIS DATA, WE LOOKED AT 748 00:26:42,560 --> 00:26:45,080 DATA FROM 2003 TO 2017, AND WE 749 00:26:45,080 --> 00:26:46,520 BROKE IT DOWN BY AGE GROUP 750 00:26:46,520 --> 00:26:48,920 AGAIN, AND WE LOOKED AT ANNUAL 751 00:26:48,920 --> 00:26:49,440 PERCENT CHANGE. 752 00:26:49,440 --> 00:26:51,560 FOR OUR 5 TO 11-YEAR-OLDS, WE 753 00:26:51,560 --> 00:26:56,480 SAW THAT THEY HAD A CHANGE OF 754 00:26:56,480 --> 00:26:56,960 3.9%. 755 00:26:56,960 --> 00:26:58,520 FOR OUR 12 TO 14-YEAR-OLDS, THEY 756 00:26:58,520 --> 00:27:01,160 HAD AN ANNUAL PERCENT CHANGE OF 757 00:27:01,160 --> 00:27:02,120 2.9%. 758 00:27:02,120 --> 00:27:04,000 AND THEN THE LARGEST ANNUAL 759 00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:07,040 PERCENT CHANGE OCCURRED IN OUR 760 00:27:07,040 --> 00:27:12,240 15 TO 17-YEAR-OLD AGE GROUP, AT 761 00:27:12,240 --> 00:27:12,760 4.9%. 762 00:27:12,760 --> 00:27:15,480 AND THEN WE LOOKED AT THE RATE 763 00:27:15,480 --> 00:27:16,920 BY SEX AND WE FOUND THAT BOTH 764 00:27:16,920 --> 00:27:20,000 MALES AND FEMALES INCREASED, 765 00:27:20,000 --> 00:27:21,760 HOWEVER, FEMALES INCREASED 766 00:27:21,760 --> 00:27:24,040 ALMOST DOUBLE THAT OF MALES. 767 00:27:24,040 --> 00:27:27,400 SO THEIR ANNUAL PERCENT CHANGE 768 00:27:27,400 --> 00:27:29,760 WAS 6.6%, COMPARED TO MALES AT 769 00:27:29,760 --> 00:27:33,880 2.8%. 770 00:27:33,880 --> 00:27:35,960 JUST AS A SIDE NOTE, I WAS BEING 771 00:27:35,960 --> 00:27:37,800 LOOKING AT DATA JUST RECENTLY ON 772 00:27:37,800 --> 00:27:39,240 THE CDC'S WEBSITE, AND SOMETHING 773 00:27:39,240 --> 00:27:40,920 THAT I FOUND QUITE DISTURBING, 774 00:27:40,920 --> 00:27:42,960 TO BE 100% HONEST, WAS THAT WHEN 775 00:27:42,960 --> 00:27:45,080 YOU LOOK AT THE LEADING CAUSES 776 00:27:45,080 --> 00:27:47,480 OF DEATH FOR BLACK GIRLS 12 TO 777 00:27:47,480 --> 00:27:52,560 14 YEARS OLD, SUICIDE IS NOW 778 00:27:52,560 --> 00:27:54,680 TIED AS THE LEADING CAUSE OF 779 00:27:54,680 --> 00:27:56,720 DEATH IN THIS AGE GROUP, FOR 780 00:27:56,720 --> 00:27:59,360 BLACK GIRLS 12 TO 14 YEARS. 781 00:27:59,360 --> 00:28:02,880 AND UNFORTUNATELY, I THINK THIS 782 00:28:02,880 --> 00:28:04,840 GRAPH MAY HAVE POTENTIALLY DONE 783 00:28:04,840 --> 00:28:08,480 SOME FORECASTING, SO TO SPEAK. 784 00:28:08,480 --> 00:28:10,200 IN 2015, SUICIDE WAS ACTUALLY 785 00:28:10,200 --> 00:28:11,720 THE FIFTH LEADING CAUSE OF 786 00:28:11,720 --> 00:28:13,600 DEATH, SO FIVE YEARS AGO. 787 00:28:13,600 --> 00:28:14,800 IT WAS THE FIFTH LEADING CAUSE 788 00:28:14,800 --> 00:28:16,760 OF DEATH FOR BLACK GIRLS 12 TO 789 00:28:16,760 --> 00:28:21,120 14 YEARS OF AGE. 790 00:28:21,120 --> 00:28:23,080 NOW IT'S THE LEADING CAUSE WITH 791 00:28:23,080 --> 00:28:27,800 UNINTENTIONAL INJURY. 792 00:28:27,800 --> 00:28:29,000 SO JUST SOMETHING TO THINK 793 00:28:29,000 --> 00:28:30,000 ABOUT, SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT 794 00:28:30,000 --> 00:28:31,400 IN TERMS OF AREAS FOR 795 00:28:31,400 --> 00:28:34,480 PREVENTION, AND ALSO JUST, 796 00:28:34,480 --> 00:28:39,840 AGAIN, THE NEED IS THERE. 797 00:28:39,840 --> 00:28:41,600 WE REALLY NEED TO START FOCUSING 798 00:28:41,600 --> 00:28:43,200 IN ON THESE AGE GROUPS, ON THE 799 00:28:43,200 --> 00:28:48,800 SECTIONSSEXES AND BE FOCUSED INR 800 00:28:48,800 --> 00:28:49,640 INTERVENTIONS SO WE CAN ACTUALLY 801 00:28:49,640 --> 00:28:50,560 MAKE SOME CHANGE. 802 00:28:50,560 --> 00:28:52,880 WHEN WE LOOKED AT PRECIPITATING 803 00:28:52,880 --> 00:28:54,840 CIRCUMSTANCES FOR BLACK YOUTH, 804 00:28:54,840 --> 00:28:56,120 THERE WERE A LOT OF SIMILARITIES 805 00:28:56,120 --> 00:28:57,440 BETWEEN OUR 5 TO 11 YEARS OLDS 806 00:28:57,440 --> 00:29:00,080 AND OUR 12 TO 14-YEAR-OLDS. 807 00:29:00,080 --> 00:29:01,360 A MAJORITY OF THEM DIED IN THEIR 808 00:29:01,360 --> 00:29:01,840 OWN HOME. 809 00:29:01,840 --> 00:29:03,600 A MAJORITY HAD A FAMILY PROBLEM 810 00:29:03,600 --> 00:29:05,920 OR CRISIS OR A SCHOOL PROBLEM OR 811 00:29:05,920 --> 00:29:07,760 CRISIS THAT HAD OCCURRED PRIOR 812 00:29:07,760 --> 00:29:09,720 TO THEIR DEATH. 813 00:29:09,720 --> 00:29:11,800 AND THEN THE INJURY THAT CAUSED 814 00:29:11,800 --> 00:29:13,800 THEIR DEATH ACTUALLY OCCURRED 815 00:29:13,800 --> 00:29:17,440 WITHIN 24 HOURS OF AN ARGUMENT. 816 00:29:17,440 --> 00:29:22,320 AND THERE WERE SOME DIFFERENCES. 817 00:29:22,320 --> 00:29:25,040 SO UNFORTUNATELY IN THIS 12 TO 818 00:29:25,040 --> 00:29:26,080 14-YEAR-OLD AGE GROUP, THERE ARE 819 00:29:26,080 --> 00:29:28,000 MORE GIRLS THAT DIED BY SUICIDE 820 00:29:28,000 --> 00:29:30,080 THAN BOYS, AND COMPARED TO OTHER 821 00:29:30,080 --> 00:29:31,800 AGE GROUPS AS WELL, THERE WERE 822 00:29:31,800 --> 00:29:33,320 MORE GIRLS IN THE 12 TO 823 00:29:33,320 --> 00:29:36,080 14-YEAR-OLD AGE GROUP. 824 00:29:36,080 --> 00:29:38,040 AND THEN FOR OUR 5 TO 825 00:29:38,040 --> 00:29:38,920 11-YEAR-OLDS, IF THEY WERE 826 00:29:38,920 --> 00:29:40,240 DIAGNOSED WITH A MENTAL HEALTH 827 00:29:40,240 --> 00:29:41,440 CONCERN, THEY WERE MORE LIKELY 828 00:29:41,440 --> 00:29:47,880 TO HAVE ADHD OR ADD. 829 00:29:47,880 --> 00:29:49,400 FOR 15 TO 17-YEAR-OLD YOUTH, 830 00:29:49,400 --> 00:29:52,240 THEY WERE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE A 831 00:29:52,240 --> 00:29:53,840 BOYFRIEND OR GIRLFRIEND PROBLEM 832 00:29:53,840 --> 00:29:55,640 PRIOR TO DEATH, THEY WERE ALSO 833 00:29:55,640 --> 00:29:57,200 MORE LIKELY TO HAVE A RECENT 834 00:29:57,200 --> 00:29:58,160 CRIMINAL OR LEGAL PROBLEM THAT 835 00:29:58,160 --> 00:29:58,920 HAD OCCURRED. 836 00:29:58,920 --> 00:30:00,720 THEY WERE MORE LIKELY THAN THE 837 00:30:00,720 --> 00:30:04,000 12 TO 14-YEAR-OLDS OR THE 5 TO 838 00:30:04,000 --> 00:30:05,080 11-YEAR-OLDS TO ACTUALLY LEAVE A 839 00:30:05,080 --> 00:30:06,280 SUICIDE NOTE, AND IF THEY WERE 840 00:30:06,280 --> 00:30:07,920 DIAGNOSED WITH A MENTAL HEALTH 841 00:30:07,920 --> 00:30:10,840 CONCERN, IT WAS EITHER 842 00:30:10,840 --> 00:30:14,280 DEPRESSION, DYSTHYMIA OR THEY 843 00:30:14,280 --> 00:30:16,560 HAD SOME SUBSTANCE USE CONCERNS 844 00:30:16,560 --> 00:30:18,600 THAT WERE PRESENT. 845 00:30:18,600 --> 00:30:20,240 WHEN PRECIPITATING CIRCUMSTANCES 846 00:30:20,240 --> 00:30:21,360 BY SEX, THERE WERE ALSO 847 00:30:21,360 --> 00:30:22,480 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BOYS AND 848 00:30:22,480 --> 00:30:23,200 GIRLS. 849 00:30:23,200 --> 00:30:24,560 FOR GIRLS THEY WERE MORE LIKELY 850 00:30:24,560 --> 00:30:26,200 TO HAVE A RELATIONSHIP PROBLEM 851 00:30:26,200 --> 00:30:29,360 OR A CRISIS OCCUR PRIOR TO THEIR 852 00:30:29,360 --> 00:30:29,800 DEATH. 853 00:30:29,800 --> 00:30:31,240 THEIR DEATH OCCURRED WITHIN 24 854 00:30:31,240 --> 00:30:35,400 HOURS OF AN ARGUMENT. 855 00:30:35,400 --> 00:30:36,480 THEY ALSO WERE MORE LIKELY TO 856 00:30:36,480 --> 00:30:38,760 HAVE A PHYSICAL HEALTH CONCERN, 857 00:30:38,760 --> 00:30:40,120 WHICH I THINK POTENTIALLY MIGHT 858 00:30:40,120 --> 00:30:41,080 BE AN AVENUE FOR INTERVENTION 859 00:30:41,080 --> 00:30:42,160 AND I CAN TALK ABOUT THAT WHEN 860 00:30:42,160 --> 00:30:43,720 WE GET THERE. 861 00:30:43,720 --> 00:30:44,920 THEY ALSO ARE MORE LIKELY TO 862 00:30:44,920 --> 00:30:48,360 HAVE A HISTORY OF SUICIDAL 863 00:30:48,360 --> 00:30:50,480 IDEATION, PLANS, A SUICIDE 864 00:30:50,480 --> 00:30:50,920 ATTEMPT. 865 00:30:50,920 --> 00:30:52,160 THEY ARE ALSO MORE LIKELY TO 866 00:30:52,160 --> 00:30:55,840 HAVE A CURRENT MENTAL HEALTH 867 00:30:55,840 --> 00:30:58,200 CONCERN, HAVE CURRENT OR A 868 00:30:58,200 --> 00:30:59,680 HISTORY OF MENTAL HEALTH 869 00:30:59,680 --> 00:31:00,440 TREATMENT, AND IF THEY WERE 870 00:31:00,440 --> 00:31:02,960 DIAGNOSED WITH A MENTAL HEALTH 871 00:31:02,960 --> 00:31:05,040 CONCERN, IT WAS EITHER 872 00:31:05,040 --> 00:31:06,440 DEPRESSION, DYSTHYMIA OR 873 00:31:06,440 --> 00:31:06,880 ANXIETY. 874 00:31:06,880 --> 00:31:11,040 FOR OUR BOY GROUP, THEY WERE 875 00:31:11,040 --> 00:31:12,320 MORE LIKELY TO HAVE A RECENT 876 00:31:12,320 --> 00:31:14,200 CRIMINAL OR LEGAL PROBLEM, WHICH 877 00:31:14,200 --> 00:31:16,080 AGAIN I THINK IS A POINT FOR 878 00:31:16,080 --> 00:31:16,920 INTERVENTION, AND THEN IF THEY 879 00:31:16,920 --> 00:31:18,160 DID HAVE A MENTAL HEALTH 880 00:31:18,160 --> 00:31:19,360 CONCERN, THEY WERE MORE LIKELY 881 00:31:19,360 --> 00:31:25,880 TO HAVE ADHD AS A DIAGNOSIS. 882 00:31:25,880 --> 00:31:27,600 SO THIS IS A LOT TO TAKE ON, I 883 00:31:27,600 --> 00:31:28,440 UNDERSTAND THAT, BUT I WANT TO 884 00:31:28,440 --> 00:31:32,040 BE VERY, VERY CLEAR, I DO 885 00:31:32,040 --> 00:31:34,280 BELIEVE SUICIDE IS PREVENTABLE. 886 00:31:34,280 --> 00:31:35,440 I BELIEVE IT'S GOING TO TAKE 887 00:31:35,440 --> 00:31:36,840 SOME TIME, IT'S GOING TO TAKE 888 00:31:36,840 --> 00:31:38,160 SOME EFFORT, IT'S GOING TO TAKE 889 00:31:38,160 --> 00:31:40,640 ALL OF US COMING TO THE TABLE, 890 00:31:40,640 --> 00:31:42,560 BUT IT IS PREVENTABLE, AND I 891 00:31:42,560 --> 00:31:46,400 REALLY DO BELIEVE THAT. 892 00:31:46,400 --> 00:31:48,280 I BELIEVE THIS "THIS WAY" SIGN 893 00:31:48,280 --> 00:31:49,320 WAS FACING ALL DIRECTIONS 894 00:31:49,320 --> 00:31:50,680 BECAUSE THAT'S HOW I THINK ABOUT 895 00:31:50,680 --> 00:31:53,280 SUICIDE PREVENTION, TO BE 100% 896 00:31:53,280 --> 00:31:54,240 HONEST, AND NOW I'M GOING TO 897 00:31:54,240 --> 00:31:55,360 TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THAT 898 00:31:55,360 --> 00:31:57,880 SPECIFICALLY FROM MY OWN 899 00:31:57,880 --> 00:31:58,200 PERSPECTIVE. 900 00:31:58,200 --> 00:32:02,000 I WAS WAS VERY HONORED AND AM VY 901 00:32:02,000 --> 00:32:03,600 THANKFUL THAT I WAS ABLE TO 902 00:32:03,600 --> 00:32:06,440 PUBLISH A PAPER WITH MY 903 00:32:06,440 --> 00:32:08,040 COLLEAGUE, DR. ADAM MILLER, AND 904 00:32:08,040 --> 00:32:12,640 WE LOOKED AT HOW CAN WE PREVENT 905 00:32:12,640 --> 00:32:14,200 SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN BLACK YOUTH 906 00:32:14,200 --> 00:32:14,520 SPECIFICALLY? 907 00:32:14,520 --> 00:32:18,000 WHAT SHOULD WE BE DOING? 908 00:32:18,000 --> 00:32:19,200 AND WE THOUGHT ABOUT, NUMBER 909 00:32:19,200 --> 00:32:21,200 ONE, WE DON'T KNOW, TO BE 100% 910 00:32:21,200 --> 00:32:22,040 HONEST, AND I THINK THAT'S ONE 911 00:32:22,040 --> 00:32:25,360 OF THE THINGS WE DON'T KNOW. 912 00:32:25,360 --> 00:32:26,600 BUT WE THOUGHT IT WAS NECESSARY 913 00:32:26,600 --> 00:32:28,560 FOR US TO START AT GROUND ZERO. 914 00:32:28,560 --> 00:32:30,160 WE NEED TO REALLY THINK ABOUT 915 00:32:30,160 --> 00:32:32,600 WHAT ARE THESE CULTURALLY 916 00:32:32,600 --> 00:32:37,600 RELEVANT RISK FACTORS, 917 00:32:37,600 --> 00:32:38,440 PROTECTIVE FACTORS WE SHOULD BE 918 00:32:38,440 --> 00:32:40,640 THINKING ABOUT WHEN EXAMINING 919 00:32:40,640 --> 00:32:41,640 BLACK YOUTH SUICIDE. 920 00:32:41,640 --> 00:32:43,480 WE NEED TO FIGURE OUT, ARE THE 921 00:32:43,480 --> 00:32:44,400 THEORIES THAT ARE IN THE FIELD, 922 00:32:44,400 --> 00:32:46,360 ARE THEY ACTUALLY UNIVERSAL FOR 923 00:32:46,360 --> 00:32:47,000 MINORITIZED YOUTH? 924 00:32:47,000 --> 00:32:49,280 AND IF NOT, WHAT ABOUT THEM DO 925 00:32:49,280 --> 00:32:52,320 WE NEED TO POTENTIALLY CHANGE 926 00:32:52,320 --> 00:32:54,760 AND CAN WE CHANGE THEM, OR DO WE 927 00:32:54,760 --> 00:32:56,320 NEED TO ESTABLISH NEW THEORIES 928 00:32:56,320 --> 00:32:59,440 THAT ARE GOING TO HELP OUR 929 00:32:59,440 --> 00:33:01,560 SCIENCE TO GET BETTER TO PREVENT 930 00:33:01,560 --> 00:33:03,160 SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN BLACK 931 00:33:03,160 --> 00:33:03,360 YOUTH? 932 00:33:03,360 --> 00:33:04,640 WE ALSO NEED TO KIND OF FIGURE 933 00:33:04,640 --> 00:33:07,800 OUT THIS TRAJECTORY. 934 00:33:07,800 --> 00:33:08,680 SO -- NOT KIND. 935 00:33:08,680 --> 00:33:10,320 WE DO NEED TO FIGURE OUT THIS 936 00:33:10,320 --> 00:33:11,000 TRAJECTORY. 937 00:33:11,000 --> 00:33:11,840 IDEATION TO BEHAVIOR. 938 00:33:11,840 --> 00:33:15,440 THAT'S ALWAYS BEEN THE WAY, SO 939 00:33:15,440 --> 00:33:18,240 TO SPEAK, IN OUR WORLD. 940 00:33:18,240 --> 00:33:19,640 FIRST YOU HAVE THOUGHTS, YOU 941 00:33:19,640 --> 00:33:21,640 THEN YOU HAVE A PLAN, THEN YOU 942 00:33:21,640 --> 00:33:22,160 ATTEMPT. 943 00:33:22,160 --> 00:33:23,280 OR FIRST YOU HAVE THOUGHTS, THEN 944 00:33:23,280 --> 00:33:24,480 YOU ATTEMPT. 945 00:33:24,480 --> 00:33:26,760 BUT FOR BLACK YOUTH 946 00:33:26,760 --> 00:33:27,520 SPECIFICALLY, THAT DOESN'T SEEM 947 00:33:27,520 --> 00:33:30,720 TO BE THE CASE. 948 00:33:30,720 --> 00:33:32,200 IN OUR PAPER, DR. MICHAEL 949 00:33:32,200 --> 00:33:33,400 LINDSAY AND I FOUND THAT EVEN 950 00:33:33,400 --> 00:33:34,880 THOUGH THERE WAS THESE INCREASES 951 00:33:34,880 --> 00:33:36,920 IN SELF-REPORTED SUICIDE 952 00:33:36,920 --> 00:33:39,120 ATTEMPTS AND INCREASES IN 953 00:33:39,120 --> 00:33:39,920 SELF-REPORTED SUICIDE ATTEMPTS 954 00:33:39,920 --> 00:33:47,960 THAT REQUIRED MEDICAL ATTENTION, 955 00:33:47,960 --> 00:33:49,880 THERE WEREN'T INCREASES IN 956 00:33:49,880 --> 00:33:50,840 IDEATION. 957 00:33:50,840 --> 00:33:53,000 SO WE'RE NOT SURE IF IT'S 958 00:33:53,000 --> 00:33:54,440 BECAUSE WE'RE ASKING THE 959 00:33:54,440 --> 00:33:57,840 QUESTION INCORRECTLY, IF THEY'RE 960 00:33:57,840 --> 00:33:59,680 UNDERSTANDING OUR QUESTIONS 961 00:33:59,680 --> 00:34:01,400 CORRECTLY, DO THEY THINK ABOUT 962 00:34:01,400 --> 00:34:02,400 SUICIDAL IDEATION DIFFERENTLY 963 00:34:02,400 --> 00:34:05,760 THAN WHAT WE DO IN THE FIELD, 964 00:34:05,760 --> 00:34:07,360 ARE THE MEASURES THAT WE USE 965 00:34:07,360 --> 00:34:07,960 ACTUALLY ACCURATE? 966 00:34:07,960 --> 00:34:10,040 ARE THEY UNIVERSAL AS WHAT WE 967 00:34:10,040 --> 00:34:10,640 THINK? 968 00:34:10,640 --> 00:34:13,640 SO I THINK THERE IS SOME NEED 969 00:34:13,640 --> 00:34:15,080 FOR INVESTIGATING NOT ONLY THE 970 00:34:15,080 --> 00:34:16,400 TRAJECTORY, BUT ALSO HOW WE'LL 971 00:34:16,400 --> 00:34:18,600 BE ASKING THESE QUESTIONS TO 972 00:34:18,600 --> 00:34:20,640 MAKE SURE THEY'RE CULTURALLY 973 00:34:20,640 --> 00:34:20,920 RELEVANT. 974 00:34:20,920 --> 00:34:22,520 AND LAST BUT NOT LEAST, I THINK 975 00:34:22,520 --> 00:34:24,160 MIXED METHOD APPROACHES ARE 100% 976 00:34:24,160 --> 00:34:24,960 NEEDED. 977 00:34:24,960 --> 00:34:28,120 WE DON'T KNOW A LOT, TO BE 100% 978 00:34:28,120 --> 00:34:29,520 HONEST, WHEN IT COMES TO BLACK 979 00:34:29,520 --> 00:34:30,720 YOUTH SUICIDE AND PREVENTING 980 00:34:30,720 --> 00:34:33,560 BLACK YOUTH SUICIDE, AND WE NEED 981 00:34:33,560 --> 00:34:35,880 TO ASK THE KIDS THEMSELVES 982 00:34:35,880 --> 00:34:37,840 POTENTIALLY WITH THAT LIVED 983 00:34:37,840 --> 00:34:39,040 EXPERIENCE, THE PARENTS WITH 984 00:34:39,040 --> 00:34:41,360 THAT LIVED EXPERIENCE, HOW CAN 985 00:34:41,360 --> 00:34:43,120 WE PREVENT SUICIDE AND DO A GOOD 986 00:34:43,120 --> 00:34:44,680 JOB ON OUR END SO THAT WE CAN 987 00:34:44,680 --> 00:34:48,360 MAKE A DIFFERENCE? 988 00:34:48,360 --> 00:34:51,840 AND THESE ARE JUST SOME OTHER 989 00:34:51,840 --> 00:34:52,960 AVENUES I'VE BEEN THINK ABOUT IN 990 00:34:52,960 --> 00:34:54,920 TERMS OF PREVENTION FOR BLACK 991 00:34:54,920 --> 00:34:55,800 YOUTH SPECIFICALLY, BUT I THINK 992 00:34:55,800 --> 00:34:57,360 SOME OF THESE CAN ACTUALLY BE 993 00:34:57,360 --> 00:34:59,240 TAILORED TO JUST YOUTH IN 994 00:34:59,240 --> 00:35:00,080 GENERAL. 995 00:35:00,080 --> 00:35:01,760 NUMBER ONE, WE HAVE TO ENGAGE 996 00:35:01,760 --> 00:35:02,160 COMMUNITY. 997 00:35:02,160 --> 00:35:03,720 WE JUST HAVE TO. 998 00:35:03,720 --> 00:35:09,520 WE'VE DONE THIS A LONG TIME NOW, 999 00:35:09,520 --> 00:35:10,920 AND SOME HAVE ENGAGED COMMUNITY, 1000 00:35:10,920 --> 00:35:12,440 DON'T GET ME WRONG, BUT I DON'T 1001 00:35:12,440 --> 00:35:13,360 THINK WE HAVEN'T DONE THE BEST 1002 00:35:13,360 --> 00:35:18,280 AS WHAT HE WITH COULD, AND -- WD 1003 00:35:18,280 --> 00:35:19,440 REALLY THINK ABOUT SPECIFIC 1004 00:35:19,440 --> 00:35:20,320 COMMUNITY SETTINGS WHERE BLACK 1005 00:35:20,320 --> 00:35:22,200 YOUTH AND BROWN YOUTH ARE 1006 00:35:22,200 --> 00:35:22,600 PRESENT. 1007 00:35:22,600 --> 00:35:24,440 SO THINKING ABOUT AFTER-SCHOOL 1008 00:35:24,440 --> 00:35:25,880 PROGRAMS, THINKING ABOUT 1009 00:35:25,880 --> 00:35:27,760 BARBERSHOPS, BEAUTY SALONS, 1010 00:35:27,760 --> 00:35:29,840 URBAN LEAGUES, AND GOING BACK TO 1011 00:35:29,840 --> 00:35:32,480 MY STATEMENT, THE JUVENILE 1012 00:35:32,480 --> 00:35:38,040 JUSTICE SYSTEM MIGHT BE AN 1013 00:35:38,040 --> 00:35:38,920 AVENUE FOR ENGAGING THOSE STAFF 1014 00:35:38,920 --> 00:35:40,000 MEMBERS AND LEADERSHIP WHEN IT 1015 00:35:40,000 --> 00:35:41,320 COMES TO SUICIDE PREVENTION, 1016 00:35:41,320 --> 00:35:42,720 BECAUSE WHAT WE'VE FOUND IS THAT 1017 00:35:42,720 --> 00:35:45,160 BLACK BOYS ARE MORE LIKELY TO 1018 00:35:45,160 --> 00:35:47,680 DIE BY SUICIDE IF THEY HAD A 1019 00:35:47,680 --> 00:35:51,360 RECENT LEGAL CONCERN. 1020 00:35:51,360 --> 00:35:52,800 SO WHAT ABOUT DOING SOME GATE 1021 00:35:52,800 --> 00:35:54,720 KEEPER TRAINING WITH THEM AND 1022 00:35:54,720 --> 00:35:55,680 MAKING SURE THEY'RE AWARE, NOT 1023 00:35:55,680 --> 00:35:56,920 ONLY THE LEADERSHIP, BUT THE 1024 00:35:56,920 --> 00:35:57,560 KIDS THEMSELVES. 1025 00:35:57,560 --> 00:36:00,840 SO THOSE ARE AVENUES I THINK 1026 00:36:00,840 --> 00:36:01,920 ABOUT IN TERMS OF PREVENTION. 1027 00:36:01,920 --> 00:36:03,400 COMMUNITY, GETTING THEM 1028 00:36:03,400 --> 00:36:04,880 INVOLVED, GETTING LEADERSHIP 1029 00:36:04,880 --> 00:36:06,000 INVOLVED, AND ALSO GETTING THE 1030 00:36:06,000 --> 00:36:12,280 KIDS INVOLVED THEMSELVES. 1031 00:36:12,280 --> 00:36:13,240 FAITH-BASED I THINK IS SOMETHING 1032 00:36:13,240 --> 00:36:14,520 ELSE WE HAVEN'T DONE A REALLY 1033 00:36:14,520 --> 00:36:15,680 GREAT JOB AT ENGAGING. 1034 00:36:15,680 --> 00:36:21,280 THERE IS A PROJECT BY DR. SHERRY 1035 00:36:21,280 --> 00:36:23,640 MULL UCK AND GEORGETOWN THAT 1036 00:36:23,640 --> 00:36:26,800 RECENTLY GOT SOME FUNDING TO 1037 00:36:26,800 --> 00:36:29,000 ACTUALLY TEST HAVEN, AND I THINK 1038 00:36:29,000 --> 00:36:29,880 IT'S ONE GREAT AVENUE WE HAVE 1039 00:36:29,880 --> 00:36:31,640 NOT EXPLORED IN THE SUICIDE 1040 00:36:31,640 --> 00:36:33,720 FIELD THAT REALLY CAN CHANGE OUR 1041 00:36:33,720 --> 00:36:37,040 TRAJECTORY, AND THEN ALSO 1042 00:36:37,040 --> 00:36:38,480 SCHOOL-BASED, THERE ARE SOME 1043 00:36:38,480 --> 00:36:39,320 SCHOOL-BASED PROGRAMS OUT THERE. 1044 00:36:39,320 --> 00:36:40,680 ONE OF THE PROGRAMS THAT WAS 1045 00:36:40,680 --> 00:36:44,800 ACTUALLY ADAPTED FOR BLACK YOUTH 1046 00:36:44,800 --> 00:36:46,800 SPECIFICALLY WAS CONDUCTED BY 1047 00:36:46,800 --> 00:36:48,120 DR. ROBINSON WHO'S AT DEPAUL, 1048 00:36:48,120 --> 00:36:50,120 AND IT'S CALLED THE 1049 00:36:50,120 --> 00:36:51,160 ADAPTED-COPING WITH STRESS 1050 00:36:51,160 --> 00:36:55,360 COURSE, WHERE SHE ACTUALLY SAT 1051 00:36:55,360 --> 00:36:56,000 ADOLESCENTS DOWN AT THE TABLE 1052 00:36:56,000 --> 00:36:57,760 AND SAID OKAY, LOOK AT THIS 1053 00:36:57,760 --> 00:36:58,840 CURRICULUM, WHAT DO YOU THINK? 1054 00:36:58,840 --> 00:37:00,560 AND THEY WERE ABLE TO ADAPT THE 1055 00:37:00,560 --> 00:37:01,800 PROGRAM AND NOW I BELIEVE SHE'S 1056 00:37:01,800 --> 00:37:04,080 GOT SOME FUNDING TO TEST IT AS 1057 00:37:04,080 --> 00:37:06,120 WELL TO SEE IF IT'S ACCURATE, TO 1058 00:37:06,120 --> 00:37:07,440 SEE IF IT'S GOING TO BE 1059 00:37:07,440 --> 00:37:08,840 BENEFICIAL. 1060 00:37:08,840 --> 00:37:10,040 ANOTHER AVENUE THAT I'VE BEEN 1061 00:37:10,040 --> 00:37:11,920 THINKING ABOUT WITH MYSELF AND 1062 00:37:11,920 --> 00:37:14,120 COLLEAGUES IS SCREENING, RIGHT? 1063 00:37:14,120 --> 00:37:17,200 HOW YOUNG DO WE GO AND THAT'S A 1064 00:37:17,200 --> 00:37:18,520 WHOLE 'NOTHER ARGUMENT THAT WE 1065 00:37:18,520 --> 00:37:19,080 COULD HAVE. 1066 00:37:19,080 --> 00:37:27,480 BUT I THINK BECAUSE BLACK YOUTH, 1067 00:37:27,480 --> 00:37:28,240 FEMALES SPECIFICALLY IN WHICH 1068 00:37:28,240 --> 00:37:30,000 WE'RE SEEING THAT DRASTIC 1069 00:37:30,000 --> 00:37:30,960 INCREASE, THEY'RE MORE LIKELY TO 1070 00:37:30,960 --> 00:37:32,640 HAVE A PHYSICAL HEALTH CONCERN. 1071 00:37:32,640 --> 00:37:35,040 AND FOR ME, IF THEY'RE HAVING A 1072 00:37:35,040 --> 00:37:36,240 PHYSICAL HEALTH CONCERN, THEN 1073 00:37:36,240 --> 00:37:39,000 THEY MIGHT BE ACTUALLY SEEING 1074 00:37:39,000 --> 00:37:40,000 DOCTORS, WHETHER THEY BE 1075 00:37:40,000 --> 00:37:43,840 SPECIALISTS OR PRIMARY CARE 1076 00:37:43,840 --> 00:37:44,880 PHYSICIANS, AND HOW ABOUT 1077 00:37:44,880 --> 00:37:48,000 SCREENING THERE IN THOSE PLACES 1078 00:37:48,000 --> 00:37:49,240 FOR DEPRESSION, SUICIDAL 1079 00:37:49,240 --> 00:37:50,560 THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIORS? 1080 00:37:50,560 --> 00:37:51,680 AND I KNOW SOME PLACES ARE DOING 1081 00:37:51,680 --> 00:37:52,720 A GREAT JOB AT THAT. 1082 00:37:52,720 --> 00:37:57,120 I KNOW FOR SURE, I CAN SPEAK TO 1083 00:37:57,120 --> 00:37:57,720 NATIONWIDE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 1084 00:37:57,720 --> 00:37:58,600 STARTED SCREENING IN THEIR 1085 00:37:58,600 --> 00:38:01,360 PRIMARY CARE AS YOUNG AS -- I 1086 00:38:01,360 --> 00:38:02,800 THINK IT'S 10 YEARS OF AGE NOW 1087 00:38:02,800 --> 00:38:04,640 AND UP, SO THERE ARE PLACES THAT 1088 00:38:04,640 --> 00:38:06,880 ARE STARTING TO DO THAT, AND I 1089 00:38:06,880 --> 00:38:10,120 THINK WE JUST NEED TO KEEP ON 1090 00:38:10,120 --> 00:38:10,960 GOING, BECAUSE YOU NEVER KNOW. 1091 00:38:10,960 --> 00:38:12,640 IF YOU GET A NO, THAT'S GREAT. 1092 00:38:12,640 --> 00:38:13,800 BUT IF YOU GET A YES, YOU COULD 1093 00:38:13,800 --> 00:38:18,720 BE ACTUALLY SAVING SOMEONE'S 1094 00:38:18,720 --> 00:38:19,640 LIFE. 1095 00:38:19,640 --> 00:38:21,040 I THINK AGAIN, WE NEED TO THINK 1096 00:38:21,040 --> 00:38:22,120 BROADLY, WE NEED TO THINK 1097 00:38:22,120 --> 00:38:23,240 OUTSIDE THE BOX IN ORDER TO MAKE 1098 00:38:23,240 --> 00:38:24,520 SOME CHANGES. 1099 00:38:24,520 --> 00:38:29,200 AND THEN LAST BUT NOT LEAST, I 1100 00:38:29,200 --> 00:38:31,440 ALWAYS TELL EVERYONE WHEN I DO A 1101 00:38:31,440 --> 00:38:32,760 PRESENTATION, NOT ONLY DO I SHOW 1102 00:38:32,760 --> 00:38:34,760 MY FAMILY, I ALSO DO SHOW THIS 1103 00:38:34,760 --> 00:38:35,160 SLIDE. 1104 00:38:35,160 --> 00:38:37,360 BECAUSE I REALLY DO BELIEVE 1105 00:38:37,360 --> 00:38:38,520 THESE NUMBERS CAN SAVE LIVES. 1106 00:38:38,520 --> 00:38:40,120 SO AS I'M SURE ALL OF YOU KNOW, 1107 00:38:40,120 --> 00:38:41,400 THE NATIONAL SUICIDE PREVENTION 1108 00:38:41,400 --> 00:38:44,320 LINE IS NOW 988. 1109 00:38:44,320 --> 00:38:46,040 YOU CAN CALL IT, YOU CAN TEXT 1110 00:38:46,040 --> 00:38:46,440 IT. 1111 00:38:46,440 --> 00:38:47,680 SO YOU DON'T HAVE TO REMEMBER 1112 00:38:47,680 --> 00:38:49,360 THAT LONG NUMBER LIKE IT USED TO 1113 00:38:49,360 --> 00:38:50,800 BE. 1114 00:38:50,800 --> 00:38:54,480 AND THE CRISIS TEXT LINE IS 1115 00:38:54,480 --> 00:38:57,600 AVAILABLE, 741-741, 24 HOURS A 1116 00:38:57,600 --> 00:38:59,720 DAY, 7 DAYS A WEEK, 365 DAYS IN 1117 00:38:59,720 --> 00:39:00,760 A YEAR. 1118 00:39:00,760 --> 00:39:02,640 SO JUST HAVING THESE NUMBERS 1119 00:39:02,640 --> 00:39:05,080 SAVED IN YOUR PHONE IS AN ACT OF 1120 00:39:05,080 --> 00:39:05,720 PREVENTION. 1121 00:39:05,720 --> 00:39:10,080 AND I THINK, AGAIN, WE ALL HAVE 1122 00:39:10,080 --> 00:39:11,960 THE OPPORTUNITY TO PREVENT YOUTH 1123 00:39:11,960 --> 00:39:15,120 SUICIDE AND SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR, 1124 00:39:15,120 --> 00:39:17,200 JUST TAKING A PICTURE OF THIS 1125 00:39:17,200 --> 00:39:19,400 ONE SLIDE IS THE FIRST STEP. 1126 00:39:19,400 --> 00:39:20,880 AND I THINK IT'S REALLY 1127 00:39:20,880 --> 00:39:23,800 IMPORTANT FOR US TO KNOW THAT AS 1128 00:39:23,800 --> 00:39:25,800 A TEAM, WE CAN DO SOMETHING. 1129 00:39:25,800 --> 00:39:31,800 IT IS NOT A STORY THAT HAS TO 1130 00:39:31,800 --> 00:39:32,920 END SADLY. 1131 00:39:32,920 --> 00:39:34,240 WE CAN SAVE LIVES. 1132 00:39:34,240 --> 00:39:36,160 AND WE DO HAVE THE ABILITY TO DO 1133 00:39:36,160 --> 00:39:36,600 SO. 1134 00:39:36,600 --> 00:39:39,120 WE JUST HAVE TO WORK TOGETHER AS 1135 00:39:39,120 --> 00:39:44,960 A TEAM TO GET THERE. 1136 00:39:44,960 --> 00:39:46,160 LAST BUT NOT LEAST, THESE ARE 1137 00:39:46,160 --> 00:39:48,040 SOME RESOURCES I LIKE TO PUT UP 1138 00:39:48,040 --> 00:39:49,000 SO FOLKS CAN HAVE THEM. 1139 00:39:49,000 --> 00:39:50,040 SOME ARE SPECIFIC TO CERTAIN 1140 00:39:50,040 --> 00:39:51,840 GROUPS OF YOUTH OR GROUPS OF 1141 00:39:51,840 --> 00:39:52,200 INDIVIDUALS. 1142 00:39:52,200 --> 00:39:56,360 SOME ARE JUST OVERALL. 1143 00:39:56,360 --> 00:39:58,320 THE CRISIS LINE IS ON THERE. 1144 00:39:58,320 --> 00:40:00,520 AND THEN LAST BUT NOT LEAST, JU 1145 00:40:00,520 --> 00:40:00,840 THANK YOUS. 1146 00:40:00,840 --> 00:40:02,480 THANK YOU, THANK YOU, THANK YOU 1147 00:40:02,480 --> 00:40:03,960 TO MY NATIONWIDE CHILDREN'S 1148 00:40:03,960 --> 00:40:07,120 HOSPITAL RESEARCH TEAM. 1149 00:40:07,120 --> 00:40:08,400 SOME ARE PRESENT, SOME ARE PAST. 1150 00:40:08,400 --> 00:40:12,160 I COULD NOT DO WHAT I DO WITHOUT 1151 00:40:12,160 --> 00:40:12,480 THEM. 1152 00:40:12,480 --> 00:40:15,320 I WAS THERE FOR 16 YEARS OFF AND 1153 00:40:15,320 --> 00:40:19,960 ON, SO I HAVE A LOT OF GREAT 1154 00:40:19,960 --> 00:40:21,560 EXPERIENCE BECAUSE OF THAT, AND 1155 00:40:21,560 --> 00:40:23,040 I AM SO GRATEFUL FOR ALL THE 1156 00:40:23,040 --> 00:40:24,680 FOLKS THAT ARE ON THIS SLIDE. 1157 00:40:24,680 --> 00:40:26,640 AND THERE ARE MANY, MANY MORE 1158 00:40:26,640 --> 00:40:28,000 THAT I DID NOT INCLUDE, BUT 1159 00:40:28,000 --> 00:40:31,120 THANK YOU ALL. 1160 00:40:31,120 --> 00:40:34,040 FIVE ACTION STEPS JUST IN CASE 1161 00:40:34,040 --> 00:40:37,080 YOU ARE INTERESTED, THAT IS 1162 00:40:37,080 --> 00:40:39,320 AVAILABLE ON NIMH'S WEBSITE, 1163 00:40:39,320 --> 00:40:40,440 SOMETHING YOU CAN POST IN YOUR 1164 00:40:40,440 --> 00:40:42,160 OFFICE OR POST WHEREVER YOU ARE, 1165 00:40:42,160 --> 00:40:44,560 SO THAT FOLKS ARE ABLE TO CALL 1166 00:40:44,560 --> 00:40:47,560 IF NEEDED WHENEVER IT'S NEEDED. 1167 00:40:47,560 --> 00:40:49,960 AND THEN THAT'S MY CONTACT 1168 00:40:49,960 --> 00:40:51,160 INFORMATION, AND THAT'S ALL I 1169 00:40:51,160 --> 00:40:51,680 GOT. 1170 00:40:51,680 --> 00:40:53,520 SO HAPPY TO TAKE ANY QUESTIONS 1171 00:40:53,520 --> 00:40:58,400 THAT YOU MAY HAVE. 1172 00:40:58,400 --> 00:40:59,840 >>DR. SHEFTALL, THANK YOU FOR 1173 00:40:59,840 --> 00:41:03,040 THAT VERY POWERFUL PRESENTATION. 1174 00:41:03,040 --> 00:41:06,280 AND YOU KNOW, BEGINNING WITH 1175 00:41:06,280 --> 00:41:07,480 SHARING YOUR OWN PERSONAL STORY. 1176 00:41:07,480 --> 00:41:09,880 I THINK MANY OF US WHO HAVE 1177 00:41:09,880 --> 00:41:12,000 LISTENED TO YOU HERE ARE AWARE 1178 00:41:12,000 --> 00:41:14,080 OF THE GRAVITY OF IT, BUT I 1179 00:41:14,080 --> 00:41:15,920 THINK YOUR SHARING THE FACTS AND 1180 00:41:15,920 --> 00:41:17,840 FIGURES KIND OF BRINGS IT HOME, 1181 00:41:17,840 --> 00:41:19,080 JUST HOW SIGNIFICANT OF A 1182 00:41:19,080 --> 00:41:24,160 PROBLEM WE'RE FACING AS A 1183 00:41:24,160 --> 00:41:24,800 NATION. 1184 00:41:24,800 --> 00:41:25,880 YOUR PRESENTATION HAS GENERATED 1185 00:41:25,880 --> 00:41:26,480 A LOT OF QUESTIONS. 1186 00:41:26,480 --> 00:41:27,920 THIS IS GOOD. 1187 00:41:27,920 --> 00:41:29,880 SO THIS GOES THROUGH SOME OF 1188 00:41:29,880 --> 00:41:37,760 THOSE THAT HAVE COME IN. 1189 00:41:37,760 --> 00:41:40,760 FIRST WAS, A LISTENER SAYS, 1190 00:41:40,760 --> 00:41:41,880 REGARDING YOUR PERSONAL STORY, 1191 00:41:41,880 --> 00:41:43,200 I'M SO SORRY, THANK YOU FOR 1192 00:41:43,200 --> 00:41:45,240 SHARING YOUR PERSONAL STORY. 1193 00:41:45,240 --> 00:41:47,240 NO NEED TO APOLOGIZE FOR 1194 00:41:47,240 --> 00:41:48,880 MENTIONING A CAT. 1195 00:41:48,880 --> 00:41:50,080 IT DOES DEMONSTRATE THE CONCEPT 1196 00:41:50,080 --> 00:41:51,800 OF STACKING. 1197 00:41:51,800 --> 00:41:54,480 AND HOW THESE THINGS CAN SORT OF 1198 00:41:54,480 --> 00:41:58,280 BUILD UPON ONE ANOTHER. 1199 00:41:58,280 --> 00:41:58,840 ANOTHER QUESTION. 1200 00:41:58,840 --> 00:42:02,920 HAS THE PANDEMIC MAI MADE THIS E 1201 00:42:02,920 --> 00:42:04,000 BETTER OR WORSE? 1202 00:42:04,000 --> 00:42:05,240 IT ALSO SAYS THANK YOU FOR A 1203 00:42:05,240 --> 00:42:06,640 GREAT TALK. 1204 00:42:06,640 --> 00:42:08,440 >>SO THERE HAD BEEN SOME 1205 00:42:08,440 --> 00:42:09,960 REPORTS THAT HAVE COME OUT WITH 1206 00:42:09,960 --> 00:42:13,800 SOME OF THE BIGGER CITIES. 1207 00:42:13,800 --> 00:42:16,720 THE 2021 DATA ISN'T OFFICIALLY 1208 00:42:16,720 --> 00:42:17,440 OFFICIAL YET. 1209 00:42:17,440 --> 00:42:19,160 IT'S COMING, BUT WE DO KNOW 1210 00:42:19,160 --> 00:42:20,040 UNFORTUNATELY IN SOME OF THESE 1211 00:42:20,040 --> 00:42:23,680 BIGGER CITIES, WE HAVE SEEN 1212 00:42:23,680 --> 00:42:25,640 INCREASES IN SUICIDE, THE 1213 00:42:25,640 --> 00:42:29,360 SUICIDE RATE SPECIFICALLY. 1214 00:42:29,360 --> 00:42:30,360 SO UNFORTUNATELY I BELIEVE WE'RE 1215 00:42:30,360 --> 00:42:32,040 GOING TO SEE EVEN MORE INCREASES 1216 00:42:32,040 --> 00:42:33,760 IN THIS YOUNGER AGE RANGE. 1217 00:42:33,760 --> 00:42:36,200 IF YOU THINK ABOUT ALL OF THE 1218 00:42:36,200 --> 00:42:37,200 TRAUMA THAT SOME OF THESE YOUTH 1219 00:42:37,200 --> 00:42:40,440 HAVE EXPERIENCED, THE LOSS OF A 1220 00:42:40,440 --> 00:42:41,560 LOVED ONE, THE LOSS OF SCHOOL, 1221 00:42:41,560 --> 00:42:43,320 THE LOSS OF SUPPORT THAT WAS 1222 00:42:43,320 --> 00:42:46,480 NECESSARY FOR THEM THEM TO GET 1223 00:42:46,480 --> 00:42:47,680 THROUGH THEIR DAY, THIS DRASTIC 1224 00:42:47,680 --> 00:42:50,360 CHANGE IN THEIR SCHEDULE, BEING 1225 00:42:50,360 --> 00:42:53,880 IN SCHOOL ONLINE, RIGHT, AND 1226 00:42:53,880 --> 00:42:55,360 JUST SO MUCH LOSS, SO MUCH LOSS, 1227 00:42:55,360 --> 00:42:57,200 I THINK UNFORTUNATELY, YES, WE 1228 00:42:57,200 --> 00:43:01,880 ARE GOING TO SEE CHANGES AND 1229 00:43:01,880 --> 00:43:02,760 UNFORTUNATELY IT'S NOT GOING TO 1230 00:43:02,760 --> 00:43:04,400 BE FOR THE BETTER. 1231 00:43:04,400 --> 00:43:07,800 >>THANK YOU. 1232 00:43:07,800 --> 00:43:09,800 ANOTHER QUESTION. 1233 00:43:09,800 --> 00:43:11,320 , WHICH WAS, WHAT ARE SOME OF 1234 00:43:11,320 --> 00:43:15,600 THE FACTORS THAT ARE CAUSING 1235 00:43:15,600 --> 00:43:16,840 SUICIDE IF THEY ARE ENGAGED 1236 00:43:16,840 --> 00:43:18,480 IN -- I'M TRYING TO READ THIS -- 1237 00:43:18,480 --> 00:43:20,080 IF THEY ARE IN ACTIVITIES 1238 00:43:20,080 --> 00:43:21,440 ENGAGED IN SCHOOL AND IN 1239 00:43:21,440 --> 00:43:22,960 EDUCATION, DOES THAT DECREASE 1240 00:43:22,960 --> 00:43:26,600 THE RISK? 1241 00:43:26,600 --> 00:43:27,920 SO WHICH ACTUALLY GETS TO 1242 00:43:27,920 --> 00:43:29,680 ANOTHER QUESTION, HOW EFFECTIVE 1243 00:43:29,680 --> 00:43:32,520 OR WIDESPREAD IS PERHAPS 1244 00:43:32,520 --> 00:43:34,760 SCHOOL-BASED INTERVENTIONS? 1245 00:43:34,760 --> 00:43:37,480 >>SO I THINK FIRST AND 1246 00:43:37,480 --> 00:43:38,360 FOREMOST, PROTECTIVE FACTORS ARE 1247 00:43:38,360 --> 00:43:40,080 SOMETHING THAT ARE KEY TO 1248 00:43:40,080 --> 00:43:41,600 PREVENTING SUICIDE AND SUICIDAL 1249 00:43:41,600 --> 00:43:41,880 BEHAVIOR. 1250 00:43:41,880 --> 00:43:45,920 I THINK THAT IS 100% CORRECT. 1251 00:43:45,920 --> 00:43:47,480 SO BEING INVOLVED IN SPORTS, 1252 00:43:47,480 --> 00:43:49,040 BEING INVOLVED IN 1253 00:43:49,040 --> 00:43:52,080 EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES LIKE 1254 00:43:52,080 --> 00:43:53,160 CHORUS, ART, ET CETERA, I THINK 1255 00:43:53,160 --> 00:43:54,480 CAN BE VERY HELPFUL BECAUSE THAT 1256 00:43:54,480 --> 00:43:55,480 BUILDS THAT SUPPORT SYSTEM 1257 00:43:55,480 --> 00:43:56,680 AROUND THAT CHILD. 1258 00:43:56,680 --> 00:43:58,560 BUT UNFORTUNATELY, WE DO KNOW 1259 00:43:58,560 --> 00:43:59,800 THAT SOME KIDS THAT ARE IN 1260 00:43:59,800 --> 00:44:02,200 SPORTS AND SOME KIDS THAT ARE IN 1261 00:44:02,200 --> 00:44:03,400 EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES STILL 1262 00:44:03,400 --> 00:44:07,560 HAVE SUICIDAL THOUGHTS. 1263 00:44:07,560 --> 00:44:08,920 SO I THINK IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT 1264 00:44:08,920 --> 00:44:09,960 THAT WE ARE EDUCATING 1265 00:44:09,960 --> 00:44:11,400 INDIVIDUALS THAT ARE HOSTING 1266 00:44:11,400 --> 00:44:12,760 THOSE EVENTS OR HOSTING THOSE 1267 00:44:12,760 --> 00:44:14,000 SPORTS OR, YOU KNOW, COACHING 1268 00:44:14,000 --> 00:44:16,200 THOSE SPORTS, ET CETERA, SO THAT 1269 00:44:16,200 --> 00:44:18,120 THEY CAN MAKE SURE THAT THEY'RE 1270 00:44:18,120 --> 00:44:19,320 WATCHING THE KIDS AND ENGAGING 1271 00:44:19,320 --> 00:44:22,400 WITH THOSE KIDS AND MAKING SURE 1272 00:44:22,400 --> 00:44:23,640 THAT THEY'RE OKAY. 1273 00:44:23,640 --> 00:44:26,040 IF YOU'RE NOTICING SOMETHING 1274 00:44:26,040 --> 00:44:27,240 THAT'S OFF, CHECKING IN WITH 1275 00:44:27,240 --> 00:44:28,200 THAT CHILD. 1276 00:44:28,200 --> 00:44:29,880 AND THEN I FORGOT THE OTHER PART 1277 00:44:29,880 --> 00:44:31,520 OF THAT QUESTION, I APOLOGIZE, 1278 00:44:31,520 --> 00:44:31,680 TOM. 1279 00:44:31,680 --> 00:44:33,200 >>I THINK YOU COVERED IT 1280 00:44:33,200 --> 00:44:33,480 BASICALLY. 1281 00:44:33,480 --> 00:44:33,960 >>OKAY. 1282 00:44:33,960 --> 00:44:35,400 >>OH, WELL THE OTHER THING IS 1283 00:44:35,400 --> 00:44:38,320 JUST LIKE, WHICH IS KIND OF AN 1284 00:44:38,320 --> 00:44:39,720 ADD-ON FROM ME, LIKE 1285 00:44:39,720 --> 00:44:41,440 SCHOOL-BASED INTERVENTIONS, HOW 1286 00:44:41,440 --> 00:44:42,320 EFFECTIVE ARE THOSE. 1287 00:44:42,320 --> 00:44:45,320 >>YEAH, SO I WOULD SAY THE 1288 00:44:45,320 --> 00:44:46,960 SCHOOL-BASED INTERVENTIONS, IT 1289 00:44:46,960 --> 00:44:48,400 DEPENDS. 1290 00:44:48,400 --> 00:44:51,600 IT'S TRUE. 1291 00:44:51,600 --> 00:44:53,440 THERE'S A NUMBER OF SCHOOL-BASED 1292 00:44:53,440 --> 00:44:54,200 INTERVENTIONS THAT ARE OUT 1293 00:44:54,200 --> 00:44:55,840 THERE, AND SOME PROBABLY ARE 1294 00:44:55,840 --> 00:44:57,520 BETTER THAN OTHERS, I WOULD 1295 00:44:57,520 --> 00:44:59,160 DEFINITELY ADMIT TO THAT. 1296 00:44:59,160 --> 00:45:01,880 AND I THINK IN TERMS OF LOOKING 1297 00:45:01,880 --> 00:45:04,760 AT MINORITIZED YOUTH, SOME MAY 1298 00:45:04,760 --> 00:45:05,880 BE BETTER THAN OTHERS. 1299 00:45:05,880 --> 00:45:09,280 SO THAT IS SOMETHING TO STILL BE 1300 00:45:09,280 --> 00:45:10,240 CONFIRMED. 1301 00:45:10,240 --> 00:45:14,080 I THINK -- I CAN JUST SPEAK FOR 1302 00:45:14,080 --> 00:45:15,320 OHIO SPECIFICALLY, THEY HAVE 1303 00:45:15,320 --> 00:45:16,960 DONE A REALLY GOOD JOB AT 1304 00:45:16,960 --> 00:45:22,640 GETTING THE SCIEN SIGNS OF SUICO 1305 00:45:22,640 --> 00:45:24,080 SOS, AT THEIR SCHOOLS, MIDDLE 1306 00:45:24,080 --> 00:45:25,640 SCHOOLS AND HIGH SCHOOLS AND 1307 00:45:25,640 --> 00:45:27,720 CENTRAL AND SOUTHEASTERN OHIO, 1308 00:45:27,720 --> 00:45:28,920 AND THAT IS SOMETHING THAT 1309 00:45:28,920 --> 00:45:32,680 THEY'VE BEEN CHAMPIONING TO GET 1310 00:45:32,680 --> 00:45:33,800 IN EVERY SINGLE SCHOOL THAT THEY 1311 00:45:33,800 --> 00:45:35,520 CAN, BECAUSE IT EDUCATES 1312 00:45:35,520 --> 00:45:36,480 EVERYBODY WITHIN THAT SCHOOL 1313 00:45:36,480 --> 00:45:37,800 SETTING ABOUT THE SCIENCE, AND 1314 00:45:37,800 --> 00:45:40,360 WHAT TO LOOK FOR AND WHAT TO DO 1315 00:45:40,360 --> 00:45:42,680 WHEN YOU ACTUALLY SEE A SIGN. 1316 00:45:42,680 --> 00:45:47,080 IN TERMS OF LOOKING AT HOW WELL 1317 00:45:47,080 --> 00:45:48,400 IT DOES, I THINK WE STILL HAVE 1318 00:45:48,400 --> 00:45:49,960 TO LOOK AT THAT DATA AND FIGURE 1319 00:45:49,960 --> 00:45:52,400 THAT OUT. 1320 00:45:52,400 --> 00:45:56,320 BUT WE ARE DOING AT LEAST 1321 00:45:56,320 --> 00:45:57,600 SOMETHING IN EDUCATING THOSE 1322 00:45:57,600 --> 00:45:59,080 STAFF MEMBERS, THE PARENTS, THE 1323 00:45:59,080 --> 00:46:02,160 STUDENTS THEMSELVES, SO THEY CAN 1324 00:46:02,160 --> 00:46:03,840 ACTUALLY TAKE SOME ACTION IF 1325 00:46:03,840 --> 00:46:04,080 NEEDED. 1326 00:46:04,080 --> 00:46:07,240 >>THANK YOU. 1327 00:46:07,240 --> 00:46:12,200 CAN YOU GIVE M EXAMPLES OF ANY 1328 00:46:12,200 --> 00:46:12,800 COMMUNITY-BASED INTERVENTIONS 1329 00:46:12,800 --> 00:46:17,320 THAT HAVE SHOWN A DIFFERENCE IN 1330 00:46:17,320 --> 00:46:20,520 DECREASING SUICIDE RATES, A BEST 1331 00:46:20,520 --> 00:46:21,360 PRACTICE, IF YOU WILL? 1332 00:46:21,360 --> 00:46:27,200 >>YEAH, SO UNFORTUNATELY, NO, I 1333 00:46:27,200 --> 00:46:28,760 DON'T HAVE AN EXAMPLE, AS SAD AS 1334 00:46:28,760 --> 00:46:29,240 THAT IS. 1335 00:46:29,240 --> 00:46:30,640 IN TERMS OF COMMUNITY-BASED, I 1336 00:46:30,640 --> 00:46:32,640 THINK IT REALLY BOILS DOWN TO 1337 00:46:32,640 --> 00:46:36,920 JUST GETTING EVERYONE ON THE 1338 00:46:36,920 --> 00:46:37,480 SAME PAGE. 1339 00:46:37,480 --> 00:46:39,400 I THINK NUMBER ONE, WE HAVE TO 1340 00:46:39,400 --> 00:46:42,720 EDUCATE IN TERMS OF THAT 1341 00:46:42,720 --> 00:46:43,520 COMMUNITY-BASED INSTITUTIONS 1342 00:46:43,520 --> 00:46:45,280 KNOW THE PROBLEM IS EXISTS, THAT 1343 00:46:45,280 --> 00:46:46,720 IT IS NOT SPECIFIC TO ANY RACE, 1344 00:46:46,720 --> 00:46:48,800 ANY GENDER, ANY SEX. 1345 00:46:48,800 --> 00:46:49,920 IT EXISTS JUST IN GENERAL. 1346 00:46:49,920 --> 00:46:51,520 SO I THINK THAT'S FIRST AND 1347 00:46:51,520 --> 00:46:52,880 FOREMOST, JUST EDUCATING THOSE 1348 00:46:52,880 --> 00:46:56,120 COMMUNITY LEADERS AND THOSE 1349 00:46:56,120 --> 00:46:58,360 WORKERS THAT SUICIDE 1350 00:46:58,360 --> 00:47:00,120 UNFORTUNATELY YOUTH SUICIDE, IS 1351 00:47:00,120 --> 00:47:01,040 INCREASING, AND WE CAN DO 1352 00:47:01,040 --> 00:47:04,080 SOMETHING ABOUT IT. 1353 00:47:04,080 --> 00:47:06,280 BUT I THINK IN TERMS OF GETTING 1354 00:47:06,280 --> 00:47:07,640 COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP ON BOARD, 1355 00:47:07,640 --> 00:47:08,600 LETTING THEM KNOW WHAT ARE THE 1356 00:47:08,600 --> 00:47:11,640 THINGS TO LOOK FOR, HOW TO TALK 1357 00:47:11,640 --> 00:47:15,400 TO A CHILD IF THEY ARE CONCERNED 1358 00:47:15,400 --> 00:47:17,280 ABOUT HOW THEY'RE ACTING OR HOW 1359 00:47:17,280 --> 00:47:20,320 THEY'RE FEELING OR WHAT THEY'RE 1360 00:47:20,320 --> 00:47:20,760 DOING. 1361 00:47:20,760 --> 00:47:22,320 AND THEN ALSO WHAT ARE THOSE 1362 00:47:22,320 --> 00:47:23,720 NEXT STEPS NEEDED TO TAKE 1363 00:47:23,720 --> 00:47:26,640 ACTION? 1364 00:47:26,640 --> 00:47:27,720 SO I KNOW BACK IN OHIO, AGAIN, 1365 00:47:27,720 --> 00:47:29,240 WE WERE WORKING WITH THE BOYS 1366 00:47:29,240 --> 00:47:34,760 AND GIRLTS CLU GIRLS CLUB TO ACT 1367 00:47:34,760 --> 00:47:35,960 EDUCATING THEIR STAFF MEMBERS ON 1368 00:47:35,960 --> 00:47:37,080 WHAT ARE THOSE SIGNS TO LOOK 1369 00:47:37,080 --> 00:47:38,400 FOR, AND WE DID SO WITH 1370 00:47:38,400 --> 00:47:39,400 LEADERSHIP BUT ALSO ALL OF THE 1371 00:47:39,400 --> 00:47:41,800 FOLKS THAT WORKED WITH THE KIDS 1372 00:47:41,800 --> 00:47:42,280 THEMSELVES. 1373 00:47:42,280 --> 00:47:45,000 SO THAT THEY WERE ABLE TO 1374 00:47:45,000 --> 00:47:45,640 UNDERSTAND -- BECAUSE THEY'RE ON 1375 00:47:45,640 --> 00:47:46,720 THE GROUND, RIGHT? 1376 00:47:46,720 --> 00:47:48,080 THEY'RE ON THE GROUND, RUNNING. 1377 00:47:48,080 --> 00:47:50,280 THEY KNOW WHAT'S GOING ON, THEY 1378 00:47:50,280 --> 00:47:51,080 KNOW WHAT'S HAPPENING. 1379 00:47:51,080 --> 00:47:52,360 THEY'VE TALKED WITH JOHNNY AND 1380 00:47:52,360 --> 00:47:54,440 JIM AND WHOEVER. 1381 00:47:54,440 --> 00:47:58,120 SO THEY UNDERSTAND THAT IF 1382 00:47:58,120 --> 00:47:59,440 JOHNNY IS ACTING A CERTAIN WAY, 1383 00:47:59,440 --> 00:48:01,080 IT'S OFF. 1384 00:48:01,080 --> 00:48:02,160 SO I THINK THEY ARE THE ONES 1385 00:48:02,160 --> 00:48:04,760 THAT WE NEED AT THE TABLE, AND 1386 00:48:04,760 --> 00:48:06,560 NOT ONLY THAT, I THINK WE NEED 1387 00:48:06,560 --> 00:48:07,880 TO GET KIDS' VOICES AT THE TABLE 1388 00:48:07,880 --> 00:48:09,000 AS WELL. 1389 00:48:09,000 --> 00:48:13,080 I WAS VERY HONORED TO BE A PART 1390 00:48:13,080 --> 00:48:18,000 OF A 2-DAY LIKE -- WE CALL THEM 1391 00:48:18,000 --> 00:48:20,080 EXPERT PANEL WITH SAMHSA, WHERE 1392 00:48:20,080 --> 00:48:22,680 WE HAD YOUTH VOICE PRESENT, AND 1393 00:48:22,680 --> 00:48:24,040 THAT WAS LIKE THE BEST PART OF 1394 00:48:24,040 --> 00:48:26,080 THE WHOLE ENTIRE EXPERIENCE FOR 1395 00:48:26,080 --> 00:48:28,240 ME, IS BEING ABLE TO HEAR THEM, 1396 00:48:28,240 --> 00:48:29,520 AND TO BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND 1397 00:48:29,520 --> 00:48:31,160 WHERE THEY WERE COMING FROM AND 1398 00:48:31,160 --> 00:48:34,400 WHAT THEY WANTED TO SEE WHEN IT 1399 00:48:34,400 --> 00:48:36,400 CAME TO PREVENTION EFFORTS AND 1400 00:48:36,400 --> 00:48:38,440 IT WAS SUCH A GREAT EXPERIENCE, 1401 00:48:38,440 --> 00:48:40,000 AND I THINK THAT LISTENING TO 1402 00:48:40,000 --> 00:48:42,240 YOUTH CAN ACTUALLY HELP US GAIN 1403 00:48:42,240 --> 00:48:45,480 SOME PERSPECTIVE ON WHAT SHOULD 1404 00:48:45,480 --> 00:48:46,480 BE MOST APPROPRIATE IN COMMUNITY 1405 00:48:46,480 --> 00:48:47,800 SETTINGS AND ALSO IN SETTINGS 1406 00:48:47,800 --> 00:48:49,920 LIKE WHERE I AM NOW, IN 1407 00:48:49,920 --> 00:48:52,520 HOSPITALS AS WELL. 1408 00:48:52,520 --> 00:48:53,800 >>THANK YOU. 1409 00:48:53,800 --> 00:48:54,680 WE STILL HAVE SEVERAL MORE 1410 00:48:54,680 --> 00:48:55,080 QUESTIONS COMING IN. 1411 00:48:55,080 --> 00:48:57,080 I WAS WONDERING, DR. SHEFTALL, 1412 00:48:57,080 --> 00:48:57,920 IF YOU DON'T MIND, WOULD YOU 1413 00:48:57,920 --> 00:48:59,280 MIND PUTTING UP THAT SLIDE AGAIN 1414 00:48:59,280 --> 00:49:00,320 THAT ACTUALLY HAD THE CONTACT 1415 00:49:00,320 --> 00:49:00,720 INFORMATION? 1416 00:49:00,720 --> 00:49:03,120 I THINK IT MIGHT BE GOOD TO HAVE 1417 00:49:03,120 --> 00:49:05,560 AS WE'RE GOING THROUGH 1418 00:49:05,560 --> 00:49:06,560 QUESTIONS, BUT I THINK I'LL 1419 00:49:06,560 --> 00:49:09,600 SHARE THAT BECAUSE I THINK THAT 1420 00:49:09,600 --> 00:49:12,480 IS -- NOT JUST PROFESSIONALLY, 1421 00:49:12,480 --> 00:49:14,240 BUT PERSONALLY, WE CAN SHARE 1422 00:49:14,240 --> 00:49:15,200 THAT WITH ONE ANOTHER. 1423 00:49:15,200 --> 00:49:17,560 >>ABSOLUTELY. 1424 00:49:17,560 --> 00:49:20,200 >>WE'LL JUST KEEP THAT UP -- 1425 00:49:20,200 --> 00:49:24,160 NOT THAT ONE, BUT THE -- THE 1426 00:49:24,160 --> 00:49:27,280 TEXT NUMBERS AND THE CRISIS 1427 00:49:27,280 --> 00:49:27,480 LINE. 1428 00:49:27,480 --> 00:49:28,880 >>ABSOLUTELY. 1429 00:49:28,880 --> 00:49:30,120 >>LET'S JUST KEEP THAT UP WHILE 1430 00:49:30,120 --> 00:49:30,960 WE CONTINUE TO TALK. 1431 00:49:30,960 --> 00:49:32,760 SO NEXT QUESTION. 1432 00:49:32,760 --> 00:49:37,280 THE ISSUE OF ADHD, UNTREATED, 1433 00:49:37,280 --> 00:49:39,240 AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH 1434 00:49:39,240 --> 00:49:40,000 SELF-HARM BEHAVIORS. 1435 00:49:40,000 --> 00:49:41,240 >>YES. 1436 00:49:41,240 --> 00:49:44,040 OF YEAH, SO UNFORTUNATELY, IN 1437 00:49:44,040 --> 00:49:45,840 THE WORK THAT WE'VE DONE, WE'VE 1438 00:49:45,840 --> 00:49:50,240 SEEN THAT ADHD IS THAT DIAGNOSIS 1439 00:49:50,240 --> 00:49:51,240 THAT UNFORTUNATELY THESE 1440 00:49:51,240 --> 00:49:52,640 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL-AGED YOUTH ARE 1441 00:49:52,640 --> 00:49:55,840 MORE LIKELY TO BE DIAGNOSED 1442 00:49:55,840 --> 00:49:57,720 WITH, AND THAT IS 1443 00:49:57,720 --> 00:49:58,640 COUNTERINTUITIVE BECAUSE 1444 00:49:58,640 --> 00:49:59,640 UNFORTUNATELY IN THE FIELD, WE 1445 00:49:59,640 --> 00:50:01,040 ALWAYS THINK DEPRESSION, 1446 00:50:01,040 --> 00:50:01,720 DEPRESSION, DEPRESSION. 1447 00:50:01,720 --> 00:50:03,280 THAT'S WHAT WE SHOULD BE 1448 00:50:03,280 --> 00:50:04,040 FOCUSING IN ON. 1449 00:50:04,040 --> 00:50:05,560 BUT IT MAY BE THAT WE NEED TO 1450 00:50:05,560 --> 00:50:08,880 REALLY START THINKING ABOUT 1451 00:50:08,880 --> 00:50:09,200 ADHD. 1452 00:50:09,200 --> 00:50:10,200 AND IT MAKES SENSE WHEN YOU 1453 00:50:10,200 --> 00:50:13,240 START TO THINK ABOUT IT. 1454 00:50:13,240 --> 00:50:14,840 ADHD, KIDS ARE HIGHLY IMPULSIVE, 1455 00:50:14,840 --> 00:50:17,680 THEY THINK -- WELL, THEY THINK 1456 00:50:17,680 --> 00:50:20,000 WITHOUT -- THEY DO WITHOUT 1457 00:50:20,000 --> 00:50:21,240 THINKING, THEY DO UNFORTUNATELY 1458 00:50:21,240 --> 00:50:24,280 TEND TO HAVE SOME POTENTIAL 1459 00:50:24,280 --> 00:50:25,040 SELF-HARM BEHAVIOR. 1460 00:50:25,040 --> 00:50:27,320 NOT ALL KIDS WITH ADHD DO, BUT 1461 00:50:27,320 --> 00:50:30,600 SOME DO. 1462 00:50:30,600 --> 00:50:33,440 AND IT JUST MAKES A LOT OF SENSE 1463 00:50:33,440 --> 00:50:35,600 THAT IT WOULD BE A DIAGNOSIS 1464 00:50:35,600 --> 00:50:38,280 THAT WE SHOULD BE FOCUSING IN 1465 00:50:38,280 --> 00:50:39,720 ON, OUR ATTENTION ON, BUT WE 1466 00:50:39,720 --> 00:50:41,480 HAVEN'T DONE SO IN THE PAST. 1467 00:50:41,480 --> 00:50:44,720 AND IT KEEPS ON COMING UP AND IE 1468 00:50:44,720 --> 00:50:45,920 RESEARCH THAT WE'VE DONE, AND I 1469 00:50:45,920 --> 00:50:47,680 THINK THAT MIGHT BE ANOTHER 1470 00:50:47,680 --> 00:50:49,200 OPPORTUNITY FOR INTERVENTION. 1471 00:50:49,200 --> 00:50:51,200 IF WE HAVE A CHILD THAT'S COMING 1472 00:50:51,200 --> 00:50:53,520 IN FOR A MEDICATION CHECK, WHY 1473 00:50:53,520 --> 00:50:54,840 NOT JUST SCREEN THEM REALLY 1474 00:50:54,840 --> 00:50:56,000 QUICKLY TO MAKE SURE THAT 1475 00:50:56,000 --> 00:50:59,400 THEY'RE OKAY? 1476 00:50:59,400 --> 00:51:01,240 AND THAT COULD, YOU KNOW, HELP 1477 00:51:01,240 --> 00:51:05,040 CATCH SOMETHING EARLIER ON THAN 1478 00:51:05,040 --> 00:51:06,880 FINDING OUT WHEN THE NEXT 1479 00:51:06,880 --> 00:51:08,440 MEDICATION CHECK HAPPENS THAT 1480 00:51:08,440 --> 00:51:10,800 SOMETHING HAS OCCURRED. 1481 00:51:10,800 --> 00:51:12,000 SO AGAIN, ANOTHER OPPORTUNITY 1482 00:51:12,000 --> 00:51:14,680 FOR SCREENING AS WELL MIGHT BE 1483 00:51:14,680 --> 00:51:16,880 FOCUSING IN ON KIDS THAT HAVE 1484 00:51:16,880 --> 00:51:17,720 ADHD SPECIFICALLY. 1485 00:51:17,720 --> 00:51:20,000 >>THANK YOU. 1486 00:51:20,000 --> 00:51:21,280 AND THAT IS SOMETHING WE'RE 1487 00:51:21,280 --> 00:51:26,560 DOING HERE AT THE CLINICAL 1488 00:51:26,560 --> 00:51:27,680 CENTER, WHEN ADMITTING PATIENTS, 1489 00:51:27,680 --> 00:51:28,600 THAT IS, SCREENING. 1490 00:51:28,600 --> 00:51:29,640 ANOTHER QUESTION. 1491 00:51:29,640 --> 00:51:31,560 CAN YOU COMMENT ON HOW ATTENTION 1492 00:51:31,560 --> 00:51:33,480 TO SOCIAL MEDIA MAY HAVE AN 1493 00:51:33,480 --> 00:51:34,800 IMPACT ON THESE YOUNG GROUPS, 1494 00:51:34,800 --> 00:51:37,640 AND DO YOU HAPPEN TO HAVE ANY 1495 00:51:37,640 --> 00:51:39,520 DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION FOR 1496 00:51:39,520 --> 00:51:40,480 LOCATIONS ACROSS THE COUNTRY OF 1497 00:51:40,480 --> 00:51:42,480 THE GROUPS YOU REFERRED TO? 1498 00:51:42,480 --> 00:51:46,560 SO BASICALLY SOCIAL MEDIA, HOW 1499 00:51:46,560 --> 00:51:48,320 THAT MAY BE INFLUENCING SUICIDE 1500 00:51:48,320 --> 00:51:49,520 AND SUICIDAL BEHAVIORS. 1501 00:51:49,520 --> 00:51:51,000 >>YEAH, SO WE DO KNOW, THIS IS 1502 00:51:51,000 --> 00:51:52,960 THE WORLD OF SOCIAL MEDIA. 1503 00:51:52,960 --> 00:51:55,040 I WILL ATTEST, MY HUSBAND YELLS 1504 00:51:55,040 --> 00:51:55,920 AT ME ALL THE TIME. 1505 00:51:55,920 --> 00:51:56,960 I DON'T HAVE A TWITTER ACCOUNT, 1506 00:51:56,960 --> 00:51:58,360 I DON'T HAVE AN INSTAGRAM, I 1507 00:51:58,360 --> 00:51:59,240 DON'T HAVE ANY OF THAT STUFF, 1508 00:51:59,240 --> 00:52:00,520 BUT IT IS A THING, RIGHT? 1509 00:52:00,520 --> 00:52:02,920 AND I THINK UNFORTUNATELY, IF I 1510 00:52:02,920 --> 00:52:05,400 AM UNDERSTANDING CORRECTLY, 1511 00:52:05,400 --> 00:52:07,360 SOCIAL MEDIA IS BECOMING MORE OF 1512 00:52:07,360 --> 00:52:08,880 A THING YOUNGER AND YOUNGER AND 1513 00:52:08,880 --> 00:52:12,880 YOUNGER AS WE START TO SEE THE 1514 00:52:12,880 --> 00:52:16,160 GENERATIONS MOVE FORWARD. 1515 00:52:16,160 --> 00:52:20,480 SO I THINK IT DOES ACT AS A 1516 00:52:20,480 --> 00:52:21,640 POTENTIAL RISK FACTOR. 1517 00:52:21,640 --> 00:52:23,520 IS IT THE LEADING CAUSE FOR 1518 00:52:23,520 --> 00:52:24,200 SUICIDE IN YOUTH? 1519 00:52:24,200 --> 00:52:25,320 NO, I DO NOT BELIEVE THAT. 1520 00:52:25,320 --> 00:52:27,360 BUT I DO BELIEVE IT IS A RISK 1521 00:52:27,360 --> 00:52:29,680 FACTOR, BECAUSE UNFORTUNATELY, 1522 00:52:29,680 --> 00:52:32,960 THERE'S A LOT OF BAD STUFF OUT 1523 00:52:32,960 --> 00:52:34,120 THERE, RIGHT? 1524 00:52:34,120 --> 00:52:35,600 SOMEBODY WAS TELLING ME RECENTLY 1525 00:52:35,600 --> 00:52:38,560 ON YOUTUBE, YOU CAN LOOK UP WAYS 1526 00:52:38,560 --> 00:52:40,720 TO ACTUALLY -- AND I'M SORRY IF 1527 00:52:40,720 --> 00:52:43,520 THIS CAUSES ANY CONCERN OR ANY 1528 00:52:43,520 --> 00:52:45,400 TRAUMA IN ANYBODY THAT'S ONLINE, 1529 00:52:45,400 --> 00:52:48,200 BUT YOU CAN LOOK UP WAYS TO 1530 00:52:48,200 --> 00:52:50,240 ACTUALLY DIE BY SUICIDE. 1531 00:52:50,240 --> 00:52:50,680 ON YOUTUBE. 1532 00:52:50,680 --> 00:52:51,880 AND THEY GIVE YOU INSTRUCTIONS 1533 00:52:51,880 --> 00:52:54,160 ON HOW TO DO THESE THINGS. 1534 00:52:54,160 --> 00:52:57,720 AND THAT ITSELF IS TERRIFYING. 1535 00:52:57,720 --> 00:52:58,960 AND THAT WAS NOT AROUND WHEN I 1536 00:52:58,960 --> 00:52:59,960 WAS GROWING UP. 1537 00:52:59,960 --> 00:53:02,880 THAT WASN'T. 1538 00:53:02,880 --> 00:53:06,040 SO HAVING THIS ACCESS 1539 00:53:06,040 --> 00:53:08,200 UNFORTUNATELY INCREASES 1540 00:53:08,200 --> 00:53:09,400 KNOWLEDGE THAT WE ARE NOT 1541 00:53:09,400 --> 00:53:13,640 WANTING KIDS TO HAVE, RIGHT, AND 1542 00:53:13,640 --> 00:53:15,040 ALSO I KNOW THERE'S A LOT THAT'S 1543 00:53:15,040 --> 00:53:18,320 BEEN STATED ABOUT COMPARING, SO 1544 00:53:18,320 --> 00:53:20,520 SOCIAL MEDIA, YOU PUT YOUR BEST 1545 00:53:20,520 --> 00:53:22,320 FOOT FORWARD SOMETIMES, AND -- 1546 00:53:22,320 --> 00:53:24,240 NOT ALL THE TIME BUT MOST PEOPLE 1547 00:53:24,240 --> 00:53:25,440 DO, AND SOME KIDS ARE ALWAYS 1548 00:53:25,440 --> 00:53:28,920 CONSTANTLY COMPARING THEMSELVES 1549 00:53:28,920 --> 00:53:30,840 TO OTHERS, AND HOW DOES THAT 1550 00:53:30,840 --> 00:53:31,920 AFFECT THEIR SELF-ESTEEM. 1551 00:53:31,920 --> 00:53:35,920 SO I DO BELIEVE IT CAN BE A RISK 1552 00:53:35,920 --> 00:53:36,920 FACTOR, BUT I DON'T BELIEVE IT 1553 00:53:36,920 --> 00:53:38,360 IS THE ONLY FACTOR THAT PLAYS A 1554 00:53:38,360 --> 00:53:39,680 ROLE WHEN IT COMES TO YOUTH 1555 00:53:39,680 --> 00:53:42,200 SUICIDE. 1556 00:53:42,200 --> 00:53:43,800 >>THANK YOU. 1557 00:53:43,800 --> 00:53:45,000 ANOTHER QUESTION. 1558 00:53:45,000 --> 00:53:46,640 WONDERFUL PRESENTATION, 1559 00:53:46,640 --> 00:53:47,280 DR. SHEFTALL. 1560 00:53:47,280 --> 00:53:49,040 APPRECIATE HEARING YOUR PERSONAL 1561 00:53:49,040 --> 00:53:51,040 STORY TOO, QUITE POWERFUL 1562 00:53:51,040 --> 00:53:51,320 ACTUALLY. 1563 00:53:51,320 --> 00:53:54,240 COULD YOU PLEASE SAY MORE ABOUT 1564 00:53:54,240 --> 00:53:55,760 SUICIDE AMONGST THE 5 TO 1565 00:53:55,760 --> 00:53:56,480 12-YEAR-OLD AGE GROUP? 1566 00:53:56,480 --> 00:53:58,480 HOW DO YOU KNOW THOSE ARE 1567 00:53:58,480 --> 00:53:59,320 ACCIDENTAL, PARTICULARLY AMONG 1568 00:53:59,320 --> 00:54:00,080 THE 5-YEAR-OLDS? 1569 00:54:00,080 --> 00:54:04,600 >>YEAH, NO, THAT'S A GREAT 1570 00:54:04,600 --> 00:54:05,320 QUESTION. 1571 00:54:05,320 --> 00:54:06,760 UNFORTUNATELY, I WILL DEFINITELY 1572 00:54:06,760 --> 00:54:08,040 ATTEST, WHEN I STARTED LOOKING 1573 00:54:08,040 --> 00:54:09,960 AT THIS AGE GROUP, I WAS VERY 1574 00:54:09,960 --> 00:54:10,960 DOUBTFUL, BECAUSE I WAS LIKE, 1575 00:54:10,960 --> 00:54:12,240 WAIT, WHAT? 1576 00:54:12,240 --> 00:54:12,560 5? 1577 00:54:12,560 --> 00:54:14,120 WHAT IS HAPPENING? 1578 00:54:14,120 --> 00:54:14,720 WHY? 1579 00:54:14,720 --> 00:54:17,320 WHY WOULD THERE EVEN BE CASE 1580 00:54:17,320 --> 00:54:18,880 THAT A 5-YEAR-OLD WOULD WANT TO 1581 00:54:18,880 --> 00:54:20,400 TAKE THEIR OWN LIFE? 1582 00:54:20,400 --> 00:54:22,080 UNFORTUNATELY, OR FORTUNATELY, 1583 00:54:22,080 --> 00:54:22,840 WHICHEVER WAY YOU WANT TO LOOK 1584 00:54:22,840 --> 00:54:24,640 AT IT, CORONERS AND MEDICAL 1585 00:54:24,640 --> 00:54:27,240 EXAMINERS DO A LOT OF WORK 1586 00:54:27,240 --> 00:54:31,320 BEFORE THEY DETERMINE A CAUSE OF 1587 00:54:31,320 --> 00:54:32,080 DEATH. 1588 00:54:32,080 --> 00:54:34,840 AND THAT IS THEIR AREA OF 1589 00:54:34,840 --> 00:54:38,680 EXPERTISE, SO I WOULD DEFINITELY 1590 00:54:38,680 --> 00:54:42,040 SAY THAT WHEN IT IS A SUICIDE, 1591 00:54:42,040 --> 00:54:43,560 THEY HAVE DONE THEIR DUE 1592 00:54:43,560 --> 00:54:44,320 DILIGENCE AND DONE THEIR 1593 00:54:44,320 --> 00:54:45,360 RESEARCH TO MAKE SURE THAT IS 1594 00:54:45,360 --> 00:54:45,960 THE CASE. 1595 00:54:45,960 --> 00:54:47,760 I THINK EVEN AT THIS YOUNGER 1596 00:54:47,760 --> 00:54:49,800 AGE, THEY WOULD DO EVEN MORE 1597 00:54:49,800 --> 00:54:50,720 RESEARCH, HONESTLY, TO MAKE SURE 1598 00:54:50,720 --> 00:54:54,400 THAT THEY'RE GETTING IT RIGHT. 1599 00:54:54,400 --> 00:54:57,440 SO I THINK IN TERMS OF THAT 1600 00:54:57,440 --> 00:54:59,200 OCCURRING, YES, IT DOES, AND 1601 00:54:59,200 --> 00:55:00,320 AGAIN, I THINK IT'S JUST 1602 00:55:00,320 --> 00:55:02,680 SOMETHING THAT WE HAVE NOT, 1603 00:55:02,680 --> 00:55:03,880 MYSELF INCLUDED, HAVE NOT EVEN 1604 00:55:03,880 --> 00:55:05,880 THOUGHT OF OR EVEN BEEN EDUCATED 1605 00:55:05,880 --> 00:55:06,200 ON. 1606 00:55:06,200 --> 00:55:08,720 WHEN I WAS GROWING UP IN THIS 1607 00:55:08,720 --> 00:55:11,040 FIELD, I THOUGHT SUICIDE OR 1608 00:55:11,040 --> 00:55:13,280 SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR STARTED IN 1609 00:55:13,280 --> 00:55:13,560 ADOLESCENTS. 1610 00:55:13,560 --> 00:55:15,720 BUT WE ARE FINDING THAT EVEN AT 1611 00:55:15,720 --> 00:55:18,120 THIS YOUNGER AGE RANGE, IT DOES 1612 00:55:18,120 --> 00:55:21,240 EXIST, AND IT IS UNFORTUNATELY 1613 00:55:21,240 --> 00:55:22,680 THE FIFTH LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH 1614 00:55:22,680 --> 00:55:24,560 IN THIS AGE RANGE. 1615 00:55:24,560 --> 00:55:27,840 >>THANK YOU. 1616 00:55:27,840 --> 00:55:29,360 THAT'S VERY DISTURBING, BUT 1617 00:55:29,360 --> 00:55:30,680 THANK YOU FOR YOUR WORK IN THIS 1618 00:55:30,680 --> 00:55:32,800 FIELD TO UNDERSTAND IT BETTER. 1619 00:55:32,800 --> 00:55:33,680 ANOTHER QUESTION. 1620 00:55:33,680 --> 00:55:34,080 GREAT TALK. 1621 00:55:34,080 --> 00:55:35,480 YOU SPOKE ABOUT THE PHYSICAL 1622 00:55:35,480 --> 00:55:37,080 ILLNESS BEING A RISK FACTOR FOR 1623 00:55:37,080 --> 00:55:38,080 SUICIDE. 1624 00:55:38,080 --> 00:55:39,880 CAN YOU SPEAK ABOUT THE ROLES OF 1625 00:55:39,880 --> 00:55:42,000 PEDIATRICIANS IN SUICIDE 1626 00:55:42,000 --> 00:55:42,520 PREVENTION? 1627 00:55:42,520 --> 00:55:44,560 >>YEAH, I THINK -- FIRST OF 1628 00:55:44,560 --> 00:55:45,360 ALL, I LOVE PEDIATRICIANS. 1629 00:55:45,360 --> 00:55:46,640 I THINK THEY'RE AMAZING. 1630 00:55:46,640 --> 00:55:52,480 THEY DO A LOT OF HARD STUFF. 1631 00:55:52,480 --> 00:55:55,600 NOT WHAT I WANT TO DO, TO BE 1632 00:55:55,600 --> 00:55:56,360 100% HONEST. 1633 00:55:56,360 --> 00:55:56,880 PSYCHIATRISTS AS WELL. 1634 00:55:56,880 --> 00:56:00,240 A LOT OF HARD STUFF. 1635 00:56:00,240 --> 00:56:02,200 AND I THINK THAT PEDIATRICIANS 1636 00:56:02,200 --> 00:56:06,240 SEE THESE KIDS ONCE A YEAR. 1637 00:56:06,240 --> 00:56:08,320 SO WELL CHECKS EVERY YEAR, OR 1638 00:56:08,320 --> 00:56:09,520 SINUS INFECTION, MAYBE THREE 1639 00:56:09,520 --> 00:56:11,480 TIMES A YEAR, RIGHT? 1640 00:56:11,480 --> 00:56:14,320 OR WHATEVER. 1641 00:56:14,320 --> 00:56:15,840 SO I THINK AS PEDIATRICIANS, WE 1642 00:56:15,840 --> 00:56:17,640 GET TO SEE KIDS -- WELL, NOT ME, 1643 00:56:17,640 --> 00:56:18,720 BUT PEDIATRICIANS IN GENERAL GET 1644 00:56:18,720 --> 00:56:21,040 TO SEE KIDS MORE FREQUENTLY THAN 1645 00:56:21,040 --> 00:56:23,000 PROBABLY OTHER DOCTORS DO, 1646 00:56:23,000 --> 00:56:24,600 DEPENDENT ON, YOU KNOW, THAT 1647 00:56:24,600 --> 00:56:26,800 CHILD'S WELL-BEING AND WHAT THEY 1648 00:56:26,800 --> 00:56:31,280 ARE DIAGNOSED WITH. 1649 00:56:31,280 --> 00:56:34,160 SO I THINK, AS MUCH AS 1650 00:56:34,160 --> 00:56:35,320 PEDIATRICIANS WILL HATE ME 1651 00:56:35,320 --> 00:56:37,120 SAYING THIS, IT'S AN AVENUE FOR 1652 00:56:37,120 --> 00:56:37,440 INTERVENTION. 1653 00:56:37,440 --> 00:56:39,880 I REALLY DO BELIEVE THAT, 1654 00:56:39,880 --> 00:56:40,840 WHOLEHEARTEDLY, THAT JUST DOING 1655 00:56:40,840 --> 00:56:43,000 A SCREEN OF SOMETHING REALLY 1656 00:56:43,000 --> 00:56:47,800 QUICKLY IN THE WAITING ROOM FOR 1657 00:56:47,800 --> 00:56:49,080 THESE KIDS CAN ACTUALLY DO A 1658 00:56:49,080 --> 00:56:55,840 GREAT SERVICE FOR ACTUALLY 1659 00:56:55,840 --> 00:56:56,400 HELPING YOUTH. 1660 00:56:56,400 --> 00:56:57,760 I THINK PEDIATRICIANS -- AND 1661 00:56:57,760 --> 00:56:59,400 MAYBE I'M SPEAKING OUTRAGEOUSLY 1662 00:56:59,400 --> 00:57:01,400 SO PLEASE FORGIVE ME, I THINK 1663 00:57:01,400 --> 00:57:02,160 IT'S UNCOMFORTABLE BECAUSE IT'S 1664 00:57:02,160 --> 00:57:03,320 SOMETHING THAT YOU MAY NOT BE 1665 00:57:03,320 --> 00:57:06,040 TRAINED IN, RIGHT? 1666 00:57:06,040 --> 00:57:07,920 DOING SUICIDE SCREENING IS VERY 1667 00:57:07,920 --> 00:57:09,240 SCARY SOMETIMES, BECAUSE IF YOU 1668 00:57:09,240 --> 00:57:10,840 GET A YES, WHAT DO YOU DO, ARE 1669 00:57:10,840 --> 00:57:11,040 RIGHT? 1670 00:57:11,040 --> 00:57:13,800 AND I THINK THAT'S UP TO US AS A 1671 00:57:13,800 --> 00:57:15,680 FIELD TO EDUCATE PEDIATRICIANS 1672 00:57:15,680 --> 00:57:19,200 ON WHAT THE NEXT STEPS SHOULD BE 1673 00:57:19,200 --> 00:57:21,720 IF THAT IS A HESITANCY THAT THEY 1674 00:57:21,720 --> 00:57:22,280 DO HAVE. 1675 00:57:22,280 --> 00:57:24,720 AND THERE ARE SOME GREAT BIG 1676 00:57:24,720 --> 00:57:26,720 HUGE, YOU KNOW, PEDIATRIC 1677 00:57:26,720 --> 00:57:30,120 FACILITIES LIKE NATIONWIDE 1678 00:57:30,120 --> 00:57:30,960 CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL AND HERE 1679 00:57:30,960 --> 00:57:32,160 WHERE I AM NOW THAT CAN DO THIS 1680 00:57:32,160 --> 00:57:33,360 AND DO THIS REALLY WELL BECAUSE 1681 00:57:33,360 --> 00:57:34,680 THEY HAVE SOCIAL WORK ON STAFF, 1682 00:57:34,680 --> 00:57:35,800 THEY HAVE A PSYCHIATRIST, THEY 1683 00:57:35,800 --> 00:57:37,000 HAVE A PSYCHOLOGIST, ET CETERA, 1684 00:57:37,000 --> 00:57:39,000 BUT WHAT ABOUT THOSE SMALLER 1685 00:57:39,000 --> 00:57:40,440 ONES, YOU KNOW, WHERE IT'S JUST 1686 00:57:40,440 --> 00:57:42,800 THE DOCTOR AND MAYBE THE 1687 00:57:42,800 --> 00:57:43,640 RECEPTIONIST, WHAT ARE WE GOING 1688 00:57:43,640 --> 00:57:45,920 TO DO THERE, AND HOW CAN WE 1689 00:57:45,920 --> 00:57:47,040 ACTUALLY EMPOWER THAT 1690 00:57:47,040 --> 00:57:48,000 PEDIATRICIAN AND THAT 1691 00:57:48,000 --> 00:57:49,080 RECEPTIONIST TO LET THEM KNOW 1692 00:57:49,080 --> 00:57:50,920 THAT THEY CAN ACTUALLY PREVENT 1693 00:57:50,920 --> 00:57:54,640 SUICIDE AS WELL. 1694 00:57:54,640 --> 00:57:56,360 SO I THINK IT'S JUST A MATTER OF 1695 00:57:56,360 --> 00:57:57,560 EDUCATING AND BEING OPEN AND 1696 00:57:57,560 --> 00:58:00,520 HONEST AND LISTENING TO 1697 00:58:00,520 --> 00:58:01,440 PEDIATRICIANS' CONCERNS AND 1698 00:58:01,440 --> 00:58:02,360 MAKING SURE THAT WE ARE 1699 00:58:02,360 --> 00:58:03,120 ADDRESSING THOSE CONCERNS SO 1700 00:58:03,120 --> 00:58:04,840 THAT THEY FEEL BETTER ABOUT 1701 00:58:04,840 --> 00:58:09,640 DOING THAT SCREENING PROCESS. 1702 00:58:09,640 --> 00:58:10,760 >>THANK YOU. 1703 00:58:10,760 --> 00:58:13,480 WHAT IS THE CORRELATION BETWEEN 1704 00:58:13,480 --> 00:58:15,920 BULLYING AND SUICIDE AND YOUTH? 1705 00:58:15,920 --> 00:58:17,920 >>YEAH, SO IT'S PRETTY HIGH. 1706 00:58:17,920 --> 00:58:19,440 NOT ONLY FOR THOSE THAT 1707 00:58:19,440 --> 00:58:20,560 EXPERIENCE BULLYING, BUT THOSE 1708 00:58:20,560 --> 00:58:23,600 THAT ACTUALLY ARE THE BULLY. 1709 00:58:23,600 --> 00:58:27,080 SO THERE HAS BEEN SOME RESEARCH 1710 00:58:27,080 --> 00:58:29,120 OUT THERE THAT'S SHOWN IT GOES 1711 00:58:29,120 --> 00:58:29,760 BOTH WAYS. 1712 00:58:29,760 --> 00:58:31,520 THE ONE THAT IS BEING BULLIED IS 1713 00:58:31,520 --> 00:58:33,800 AT HIGH RISK FOR SU SUICIDAL 1714 00:58:33,800 --> 00:58:36,640 THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIORS, BUT THAT 1715 00:58:36,640 --> 00:58:40,240 BULLY ALSO IS AT HIGH RISK FOR 1716 00:58:40,240 --> 00:58:41,400 SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIORS. 1717 00:58:41,400 --> 00:58:42,640 >>AT THE BEGINNING, YOU SHARED 1718 00:58:42,640 --> 00:58:45,520 A LOT ABOUT THE SUICIDE RATES 1719 00:58:45,520 --> 00:58:47,640 INCREASING AMONGST ALL YOUTH, 1720 00:58:47,640 --> 00:58:49,800 BUT MORE SPECIFICALLY AMONGST 1721 00:58:49,800 --> 00:58:50,880 FEMALE YOUTH. 1722 00:58:50,880 --> 00:58:52,040 AND WHY DO YOU BELIEVE THAT TO 1723 00:58:52,040 --> 00:58:54,880 BE THE CASE WHILE WE'RE SEEING 1724 00:58:54,880 --> 00:58:59,920 THIS DRAMATIC INCREASE FROM MALE 1725 00:58:59,920 --> 00:59:00,680 TO FEMALE? 1726 00:59:00,680 --> 00:59:01,520 >>THANK YOU FOR ASKING THAT 1727 00:59:01,520 --> 00:59:01,800 QUESTION. 1728 00:59:01,800 --> 00:59:04,400 SO I THINK, HONESTLY, THE 1729 00:59:04,400 --> 00:59:05,440 POTENTIAL REASON, I DON'T KNOW 1730 00:59:05,440 --> 00:59:07,600 THIS TO BE 100% HONEST, BUT THE 1731 00:59:07,600 --> 00:59:11,000 POTENTIAL REASON IS THIS SHIFT 1732 00:59:11,000 --> 00:59:11,960 IN MECHANISM. 1733 00:59:11,960 --> 00:59:16,680 SO BACK IN THE DAY, SUICIDE USED 1734 00:59:16,680 --> 00:59:21,040 TO -- WOMEN OR FEMALES OR YOUTH, 1735 00:59:21,040 --> 00:59:24,080 YOUNG GIRLS, WOULD ATTEMPT 1736 00:59:24,080 --> 00:59:25,560 SUICIDE BY POISONING. 1737 00:59:25,560 --> 00:59:27,160 SO THEY WOULD DO -- 1738 00:59:27,160 --> 00:59:28,280 UNFORTUNATELY THEY WOULD TAKE A 1739 00:59:28,280 --> 00:59:30,520 BUNCH OF PILLS OR THEY WOULD DO 1740 00:59:30,520 --> 00:59:33,000 SOMETHING ELSE THAT INVOLVED 1741 00:59:33,000 --> 00:59:34,520 MEDICATION OR SOMETHING OF THAT 1742 00:59:34,520 --> 00:59:36,160 NATURE, AND IT WAS TIME FOR US 1743 00:59:36,160 --> 00:59:37,680 TO ACTUALLY INTERVENE, SO WE 1744 00:59:37,680 --> 00:59:39,120 COULD GET THAT CHILD TO THE 1745 00:59:39,120 --> 00:59:40,400 EMERGENCY ROOM, WE COULD PUMP 1746 00:59:40,400 --> 00:59:42,440 THEIR STOMACH, WE COULD CALL THE 1747 00:59:42,440 --> 00:59:43,160 POISON CONTROL WHILE WE'RE ON 1748 00:59:43,160 --> 00:59:44,760 THE WAY, SO WE WERE ABLE TO 1749 00:59:44,760 --> 00:59:45,520 INTERVENE WITH GIRLS. 1750 00:59:45,520 --> 00:59:47,600 AND THAT WAS LIKE THE NUMBER ONE 1751 00:59:47,600 --> 00:59:48,880 METHOD FOR SUICIDE FOR QUITE 1752 00:59:48,880 --> 00:59:49,600 SOME TIME. 1753 00:59:49,600 --> 00:59:52,360 NOW WE'VE SEEN THIS SHIFT, WHERE 1754 00:59:52,360 --> 00:59:54,200 GIRLS ARE NOW DYING BY SUICIDE 1755 00:59:54,200 --> 00:59:56,080 USING HANGING SUFFOCATION, AND 1756 00:59:56,080 --> 01:00:00,880 NOW WE'RE SEEING AN INCREASE IN 1757 01:00:00,880 --> 01:00:01,280 FIREARMS. 1758 01:00:01,280 --> 01:00:04,440 AND THOSE ARE VERY HIGHLY LETHAL 1759 01:00:04,440 --> 01:00:05,440 METHODS FOR SUICIDE. 1760 01:00:05,440 --> 01:00:06,720 AND I THINK THAT'S WHY WE ARE 1761 01:00:06,720 --> 01:00:09,680 ACTUALLY SEEING THIS INCREASE 1762 01:00:09,680 --> 01:00:10,640 PRESENT, IS BECAUSE THE METHOD 1763 01:00:10,640 --> 01:00:11,960 HAS ACTUALLY CHANGED FOR GIRLS 1764 01:00:11,960 --> 01:00:15,480 SPECIFICALLY. 1765 01:00:15,480 --> 01:00:19,240 >>VERY DISTURBING. 1766 01:00:19,240 --> 01:00:22,280 THE LETHALITY OF THE METHOD. 1767 01:00:22,280 --> 01:00:24,800 WELL, THAT TAKES US UP TO THE 1768 01:00:24,800 --> 01:00:25,600 HOUR. 1769 01:00:25,600 --> 01:00:26,800 DR. SHEFTALL, I WANT TO THANK 1770 01:00:26,800 --> 01:00:27,640 YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR 1771 01:00:27,640 --> 01:00:28,720 PRESENTATION AND SHARING YOUR 1772 01:00:28,720 --> 01:00:29,400 WORK. 1773 01:00:29,400 --> 01:00:30,560 OBVIOUSLY TO THE VOLUME OF 1774 01:00:30,560 --> 01:00:33,640 QUESTIONS WE GOT, THIS IS OF 1775 01:00:33,640 --> 01:00:36,200 GREAT INTEREST TO THE NIH 1776 01:00:36,200 --> 01:00:36,880 COMMUNITY. 1777 01:00:36,880 --> 01:00:37,320 SO THANK YOU. 1778 01:00:37,320 --> 01:00:38,960 THANK YOU FOR YOUR WORK, AND WE 1779 01:00:38,960 --> 01:00:41,320 WISH YOU MUCH SUCCESS IN THE 1780 01:00:41,320 --> 01:00:42,200 FUTURE, AND PERHAPS WE'LL HEAR 1781 01:00:42,200 --> 01:00:44,360 FROM YOU AGAIN IN THE FUTURE. 1782 01:00:44,360 --> 01:00:46,000 TO EVERYONE ELSE, I WANT TO WISH 1783 01:00:46,000 --> 01:00:47,480 EVERYONE A GREAT AFTERNOON. 1784 01:00:47,480 --> 01:00:48,600 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US TODAY. 1785 01:00:48,600 --> 01:00:59,080 >>THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.