>>I'M CHRISTINE HUNTER
ACTING ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR AT NIH
AND ACTING DIRECTOR FOR OFFICE
OF BEHAVIORAL AND -- THIS IS AN
OPPORTUNITY
WITH RESEARCHERS LIKE EVENT
NAMESAKE APPLIED CLARITY AND
RIGOR TO CHALLENGE ACCEPTED
NOTIONS ABOUT HOW BEHAVIORAL AND
SOCIAL ASPECTS OF PUBLIC HEALTH
ARE AND PURSUE RESEARCH EXPERTS
TO IMPROVE UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT
CAN BE.
IT IS SO GRATIFYING TO LEARN
FROM EARLY TAJ INVESTIGATORS AND
ESIS AS WE CALL THEM AND DR.
JENNIFER MANLY FROM COLUMBIA
UNIVERSITY WHO WILL DELIVER OUR
KEY NOTE ADDRESS LIFE COURSE AND
SOCIAL STRUCTURAL MECHANISMS
FROM INEQUALITIES AND ENGAGING
IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND
SELECTED OUT OF GROUP OF 150
RESEARCHERS SUBMITTING PUBLISHED
PEER REVIEW RESEARCH PAMERS TO
OUR ESI COMPETITION -- HOW
POTENTIALLY IMPACTFUL OR
INFLUENCE SHL IS THIS PAPER ON
HEALTH RELATED BEHAVIORAL AND
SOCIAL SCIENCES AND NEXT
QUESTION HOW WELL DOES PAPER USE
SOPHISTICATED METHODOLOGY AND
ADDRESSING EMPIRICAL IMPORTANT
QUESTIONS DERIVED FROM AND
PERFORM THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS
AND HOW WELL DOES THIS PAPER
INTEGRATE MULTIPLE LEVELS OF
INFLUENCE AND DYNAMIC
LONGITUDINAL BIDIRECT EFFECTS ON
SYSTEMS AND VICE VERSA AND HOW
WELL PAPER INTEGRATES -- DR.
ALENA AND DR. MARISSABURGER
MASTER AND DR. FINLEY AND SIDNEY
O'CONNOR -- WILL MODERATE THE
DISTINGUISHED LECTURE
PRESENTATIONS AND TODAY'S EVENT
IS BROADCAST THROUGH THE NIH
VIDEOCAST AND IF YOU WANT TO
SUBMIT A QUESTION SELECT LIVE
FEEDBACK ICON AND NIH VIDEOCAST
PAGE AND ENTERR COMMENT OR
QUESTION AND WE WILL RECEIVE IN
REAL-TIME AND FEEL FREE TO SEND
QUESTIONS AT ANY TIME DURING
PRESENTATIONS. WE WILL MONITOR
IT AND THANKS AGAIN FOR JOINING
16TH MATT ILL TA WHITE RILEY
BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE
HONORS AND HOPE YOU ENJOY
TODAY'S EVENT AND TURNING IT
OVER TO DR. SIDNEY O'CONNOR.
THANK YOU, SIDY.
>>THANK YOU DR. HUNTER EACH ESI
WILL DELIVER A 15 MINUTE
PRESENTATION FOLLOWED BY Q & A
EXCEPTION.
AS DR. HUNTER MENTIONED THIS WAS
AN EXTREMELY COMPETITIVE YEAR
RESULTING IN SELECTION FOR FOUR
ESI HONOREES AND DR.'S A- LEANA
ANDBURGER MASTER AND JESSICA
FINALLY AND TED KASANG AND
EXCITED TO INTRODUCE THE FIRST
SPEAKER.
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE T15
POST DOCTORAL TRAINEE IN
BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS AND
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF SOCIOLOGY
AT PURDUE UNIVERSITY CURRENTLY
ON LEAVE FOR POST DOCTORAL
TRAINING AND SHE IS A
COMPUTATIONAL CULTURAL
PSYCHOLOGIST WITH SUBSTANTIVE
INTEREST IN LANGUAGE AND SOCIAL
HEALTH AND DEBATES ABOUT
CULTURAL MEANING AND SOCIOLOGY
ON FOCUS OF CASES MEANING IS
LINKED TO INEQUALITY AND HEALTH
AND INVESTIGATING TOPICS USING
COMPUTATIONAL METHOD AND MACHINE
LEARNING AND TEXT ANALYSIS AND
EARNED A MASTERS IN SOCIOLOGY
FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF
CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES AND BA IN
SOCIOLOGY FROM UNIVERSITY OF
WASHINGTON. DR. KOHLER'S
PRESENTATION IS ENTITLED
DEVELOPING AND APPLYING NATURAL
LANGUAGE PROCESSING APPROACH --
TO NATIONAL VIOLENCE DEATH
REPORTING SYSTEM AND DR. KOHLER,
YOU ARE WELCOME TO BEGIN YOUR
PRESENTATION.
>>THANK YOU. I'M HONORED AND
EXCITED TO SHARE THIS RESEARCH
WITH ALL OF YOU TODAY.
I WANT TO QUICKLY THANK
COLLABORATORS AND MENTORS AND
SOURCES OF FUNDING THAT MAKE
THIS RESEARCH POSSIBLE.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
ACROSS MANY DOMAINS FOR SOCIAL
MEDIA ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS
AND AS I TELL YOU ABOUT TODAY IN
SURVEILLANCE OF VIOLENT DEATHS
LIKE HOMICIDE AND SUICIDE AND
PROVIDE UNDERSTANDING FOR
UNDERSTANDING HEALTH ILLNESS AND
MORTALITY AND CAN ENCODE LATENT
KNOWLEDGE AND PATTERNS TALKED
ABOUT COMMONLY BY INDIVIDUALS
AND WRITERS BUT MIGHT NOT BE
KNOWN EXPLICITLY OR AT SCALE AND
DESPITE AS PROMISED LARGE SCALE
DATA IS CHALLENGING TO HARNESS
AND RESEARCH RESPONDS CHALLENGES
AND PROMISED DEXT DATA MOTIVATED
BY CASE OF NATIONAL VIOLENT
DEATH REPORTING SYSTEM OR NVDRS,
NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE DATA
SYSTEM IN THE US FOR VIOLENT
DEATHS THAT IS A COMPLEX AND
MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM AND
NVDS IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT IS
A CORE SOURCE OF INFORMATION
ABOUT DEATHS AND AS OF 2020,
THIS DATA SYSTEM DOCUMENTS OVER
$5 HUNDRED TH500,000 DEATHS.
EACH IS ACCOMPANIED BY TWO TEXT
VARIABLES FIRST SUMMARY OF
CORONER OR MEDICAL EXAMINER
REPORT AND LAW ENFORCEMENT
REPORTS AND THESE HUNDREDS OF
THOUSANDS OF NARRATIVE DEATHS
HAVE LARGELY UNTOUCHED
INFORMATION ABOUT SUICIDE AND
HOMICIDE AND OTHER TYPES OF
LETHAL VIOLENCE.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
IN SPONLS AIMED TO DEVELOP A
NATURAL LANGUAGING PROCESS METH
USED TO WRANGLE DATA AND
SUMMARIZING EXTRACTING
INFORMATION FROM TEXT DATA
APPLYING METHOD TO DEATH
NARRATIVES IN NVDRS TO
UNDERSTAND CIRCUMSTANCES OF
HOMICIDE AND SUICIDE AT SCALE
METHOD NEEDS TO BE COMPUTATIONAL
AND ROBUST TO TYPOS ACRONYMS AND
JARRIGONS SPECIFIC TO CONTEXT O
NVDRS AND WANTED IT TO BE
INDUCTIVE DIDN'T KNOW WHAT
INFORMATION WOULD BE BURIED IN
THE HAYSTACK OF DATA AND METHOD
WE DEVELOPED TO ACCOMPLISH THIS
IS DISCOURSE ATOM TOPIC MODEL.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
INTEGRATING TWO CORE APPROACHES
TO DATA. I WILL GIVE A BRIEF
OVERVIEW HERE AND FOCUS ON
APPLICATION TO NVDRS DATA. THIS
INTEGRATES TWO CORE APPROACHES
FIRST TOPIC MODELING OVERALL
APPROACH TO EXTRACT LATENT
TOPICS FROM A PILE OF TEXT DATA
AND IDENTIFY WHICH TOPICS ARE
BEING TALKED ABOUT IN WHICH
DOCUMENTS TO WHICH EXTENTS AND
DOESN'T WORK WELL IN MANY
REAL-WORLD CONTEXTS LIKE NVDRS
WHERE LANGUAGE IS MESSY LEADING
TO CONTEXT AND DOCUMENTS THAT
ARE RADICALLY LENGTHED. SECOND
IS WORD IMBEDDING RECENT
APPROACH TO MODEL MEANINGS OF
WORDS BASED ON HOW WORDS
CO-OCCURRED TEXT DATA AND
EXCELLED AT MODELING MEANING OF
WORDS IN VERY HUMANLIKE WAYS AND
INTEGRATING TWO APPROACHES INTO
SDROURS AND TOPIC MODEL WE HAVE
ONE COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH
CAPITALIZING ON DISTINCT
CAPABILITIES OF EACH AND NOW
TOPICS ARE MODELED IN WAYS
TAKING ADVANTAGE OF RECENT
INNOVATIONS FROM WORD IMBEDINGS
TO MACHINE LEARNING LATENT
MEANING TEXT DATA.
I WILL SHOW YOU TODAY TOPIC
DISCOURSE ATOM TOPIC MODEL
OFFERS IMPROVED WAY TO DO TOPIC
MODELING THAT IS ROBUST AND
FLEXIBLE TO WIDE RANGE OF
ANALYSIS AND CONTEXT AND WILL
SHOW YOU NEXT IT PRODUCES TOPICS
THAT ARE VERY INTERPRETABLE TO
HUMANS.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
SO, WHEN WE APPLIED THIS NEW
METHOD TO NVDRS SUMMARIES FROM
2003 TO 2017 TABLE ON LEFT HAS
SHOWN 225 RESULTING TOPICS THAT
WE IDENTIFIED AND EACH ROW HERE
IS A TOPIC AND GETTING FROM A
TOPIC MODEL A LIST OF THE MOST
REPRESENTATIVE TERMS AND WE CAN
ALSO LOOK AT THE SUMMARIES THAT
OUR MODEL SUGGESTS HAVE MOST OF
A GIVEN TOPIC AND SHOWING FIVE
MOST REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLES FROM
THESE TOPICS INTERPRETING EACH
FROM THE 25 MOST REPRESENTED
TERMS AND ASSIGN THE IT MANUALLY
A LABEL BASED ON THE
INTERPRETATION.
THESE TOPICS ARE SHOWING US THE
WIDE RANGE OF ASPECTS OF VIOLENT
DEATH TALKED ABOUT ACROSS
HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF
SUMMARIES AND LET US ZOOM OUT
GETTING BIG PICTURE OF THE
SUMMARY DATA.
THE TOPICS ARE ALSO REVEALING
PATTERNS THAT ARE TALKED ABOUT
IN TEXT DATA NOT YET PART OF OUR
STANDARDIZED WAY OF THINKING
ABOUT VIOLENT DEATH AND TO GIVE
AN EXAMPLE SECOND TOPIC
PREPARATION FOR DEATH IS
REPRESENTED BY TERMS LIKE
PREPAID FUNERAL AND DEEDS AND
SHOWING THAT ACTIONS THAT CAN BE
TAKEN AND POTENTIAL WARNING
SIGNALS WHEN SOMEONE IS
PREPARING FOR THEIR OWN DEATH
AND ON THE RIGHT IS I'M SHOWING
A HEAT MAP THAT EVERY ROW
CORRESPONDS TO A TOPIC AND EACH
COLUMN CORRESPONDS TO A TYPE OF
DEATH AND WHEN THE CELL IS
DARKER THAT LEAVES MORE OF THAT
PARTICULAR TOPIC OF 245 TOPICS
OF THOSE TYPES OF DEATHS AND AT
FIRST GLANCE WHAT THE HEAT MAP
WILL SHOW YOU IS DIFFERENT TYPES
OF DEATHS HAVE SUMMARIES WITH
VARIOUS DISTRIBUTIONS OF TOPICS
BROUGHT UP AND SEE FROM THIS
DENDROGRAM ON TOP OF THE HEAT
MAP IF WE WERE TO GROUP TYPES OF
DEATH BASED ON TYPES OF TOPICS
THEY TEND TO TALK ABOUT, WE
WOULD SEE UNDETERMINED INTENT
DEATHS AND SUICIDES TEND TO TALK
ABOUT MOST SIMILAR TOPICS TO ONE
ANOTHER LEGAL INTERVENTION
DEATHS AND HOMICIDES TALK ABOUT
SIMILAR TOPICS TO THOSE
SUMMARIES AND MAKE SENSE AND
THOUGHT WOULD BE UNDETECTED
SUICIDES AND UNDOCUMENTED
SUICIDES AND LEGAL INTERVENTION
DEATHS ARE CONSIDERED SPECIFIC
KIND OF HOMICIDE PERPETRATOR HAS
LEGAL AUTHORITY TO KILL.
NEXT SLIDE.
SO, IN ADDITION TO SUMMARIZING
LARGE QUANTITY OF DATA RESULTING
TOPICS CAN ALSO SPARK FURTHER
QUESTIONS BASED ON WHAT WE KNOW
ABOUT VIOLENCE.
ONE OF THE MAJOR RESEARCH AREAS
IN THE FIELD IS WEAPON GIFTS AND
EXAMINED TWO RELATED WEAPON
TOPICS IN DEPTH. ONE ABOUT
SEDATIVE AND PAIN MEDICATIONS
AND OTHER ABOUT RIFLES AND
SHOTGUNS AND FIREARMS THAT ARE
OWNED FOR HUNTING AND SPORTS
SHOOTING USED TO SHOOT AT FAR
RANGES COMPARED TO SAY HANDGUNS.
FOR EACH OF THE TWO TOPICS USED
LOGISTIC REGRESSION
CHARACTERIZING DEATH THAT
MENTIONED THE TOPIC IN THE
NARRATIVE AND SUGGESTING FOR
CO-VARIATES WE SAW SEDATIVE AND
PAIN MEDICATIONS HAPPEN OFTEN IN
WOMENS NARRATIVES THAN MENS AND
-- AND THAT RESONATES WITH
BROADER SCHOLARSHIPED ON GENDER
DIFFERENCES AND WEAPON USE AND
PRIOR WORK SUGGESTING MORE MEN
AND WOMEN OWN THOSE KINDS OF
GUNS SPECIFICALLY AND WE ALSO
OBSERVED OTHER PATTERNS ALLOWING
CHALLENGE AND WORK ON WEAPONS
AND FOR EXAMPLE PREVIOUS WORK
SUGGESTS MOST FIREARM RELATED
DECREEDIENTS ARE BLACK AND
RESULTS ARE SUGGESTING STORY IS
MORE NUANCED LOOKING AT THESE
KINDS OF GUNS SPECIFICALLY AND
THIS TOPIC ABOUT RIFLES AND
SHOTGUNS IS FAR MORE COMMON
AMONG AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA
NATIVES COMPARED TO WHITES AND
OTHER RACE ETHNICITY GROUPS
COMPARED TO WHITES AND SAW THIS
TOPIC ABOUT RIFLES AND SHOTGUNS
WAS COMMON IN INSTANCE OF
MULTIPLE DEATHS AND IN MASS
SHOOTINGS COMPARED TO SINGLE
DEATH LIKE WHAT YOU MIGHT SEE IN
A SINGLE VICTIM HOMICIDE CASE OR
SUICIDE CASE.
IN THIS CASE, THE FINDINGS FROM
THIS PARTICULAR TOPIC ABOUT
RIFLES AND SHOTGUNS UNDERSCORE
NEED FOR WORK ON SPECIFIC KINDS
OF GUNS, CLASSES OF GUNS AND HOW
THEY ARE GROUPED AND TYPES OF
CIRCUMSTANCES THEY TEND TO OCCUR
IN.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
SO, IN THAT -- IN THIS PAPER WE
FOCUSED ON INTRODUCING THE
METHOD ESTABLISHING ITS VALIDITY
AND USING IT TO CONTRIBUTE TO
BROADER WORK ON WEAPON USE AND
LETHAL VIOLENCE AND NOW THAT WE
TRUST THE METHOD WE KNOW IT
COULD BE USED TO DIVE INTO
NUANCED QUESTIONS AND
POPULATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF
NVDRS AND IN OTHER CONTEXTS AND
IN ONE FOLLOW UP STUDY FOCUSING
ON NVDRS DATA WE RELATED TO
TOPICS ON PHYSICAL INTEGRATION
AND MEN'S DEATH AND
INTERVENTIONS LIKE POLICE
SHOOTINGS AND SAW TOPIC ABOUT
PHYSICAL AGGRESSION WAS
MENTIONED MORE OFTEN IN
NARRATIVES WHEN DECREEDIENT DIED
BY LEGAL INTERVENTION MAKING
SENSE IN TOPIC MIGHT BE USED AS
A WAY TO EXPLAIN WHY LETHAL
MEASURES NEED TODAY BE USED AND
SAW THAT TOPIC IS COMMONLY
MENTIONED IN BLACK MEN'S
NARRATIVES COMPARED TO WHITE
MEN'S NARRATIVES AFTER ADJUSTING
FOR CO-VARIATES SUGGESTING LESS
EVIDENCE OF AGGRESSION IN BLACK
MEN'S DEATH BY LEGAL
INTERVENTION COMPARED TO WHITE
MEN'S DEATH AND BROADER WORK
SUGGESTING LEGAL AUTHORITIES
HAVE THRESHOLD FOR USING LETHAL
MEANS FOR BLACK VERSUS WHITE
INDIVIDUALS.
IN OUR CURRENT PROJECT WE
RETRAINED THE WHOLE TOPIC MODEL
TO INCORPORATE RECENT WAVES OF
NVDRS DATA THROUGH 2020 AND NOW
FOCUS ON TOPICS AND THE
STRUCTURE TO PRECODED VARIABLES
TO BETTER UNDERSTAND MENTAL
HEALTH AND SUICIDES AND GENDERED
PATTERNS IN MENTAL HEALTH
AMONGST SUICIDES AND HAVE SEEN
NARRATIVE TOPICS ARE REVEALING
INFORMATION OF MENTAL HEALTH NO
THE CAPTURED IN PRECODED
VARIABLES AND EXAMPLES ARE
TOPICS OF ACTING STRANGELY
LATELY AND AGITATION AND TOPIC
OF MOOD SWINGS.
AND THE -- USING PRECODED
VARIABLES ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH
SUCH AS WHETHER DECREEDIENT HAD
KNOWN MENTAL PROBLEM AND
CURRENTLY SEEKING TREATMENT OF
TIME OF DEATH AND VARIABLES WE
SEE MEN APPEAR TO BE FAR LESS
LIKELY THAN WOMEN TO HAVE A
MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEM THEN
WOMEN. WHEN WE LOOK AT TOPICS
WE SEE A FAR WIDER RANGE OF
GENDERED PATTERNS AND SOME OF
THE TOPICS ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH
ARE BROUGHT UP MORE OFTEN IN
CONTEXT TO MEN'S VERSUS WOMEN'S
SUICIDES AND TOPICS PULLED OUT
BY TOPIC MODEL ENABLE US TO
DISCOVER NEW POTENTIAL
INDICATORS OF MENTAL HEALTH
WARNING SIGNS FOR SUICIDE AND
CHALLENGE EXISTING KNOWLEDGE
ABOUT OUR UNDERSTANDING OF
GENDERED PATTERNS AND MENTAL
HEALTH AMONG SUICIDES AND OFFER
CLUES TO SIGNALS OF MENTAL
HEALTH THAT ARE SPECIFIC TO MEN
AND MEN'S GENDER ROLES ACROSS
OTHER PROJECTS I'M USING A MODEL
TO LOOK AT SOME OTHER CONTEXTS.
IN ONE CASE I'M WORKING WITH A
TEAM AND USING A MODEL TO LOOK
AT RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FAMILY
HEALTH AND FINANCES BY ADAPTING
MODEL TO WORK WITH
TRANSCRIPTIONS OF NATIONALLY
REPRESENTATIVE INTERVIEWS AND IN
ANOTHER PROJECT USING MODEL TO
BETTER UNDERSTAND PATIENT
EXPERIENCES BY APPLYING THE
MODEL TO WRITTEN FEEDBACK FROM
IN-PATIENTS AND OUT-PATIENTS AT
UC SAN DIEGO HEALTH.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
ALL RIGHT. TO SUM UP, THIS
RESEARCH FIRST DEVELOPED A NEW
METHOD AND NEW NATURAL LANGUAGE
PROCESSING METHOD TO APPLY TO
UNCOVER WIDE RANGE OF PATTERNS
BY VIOLENT DEATH BURIED IN A
HAYSTACK OF NARRATIVES AND THIS
METHOD ENABLES RESEARCHERS LIKE
US TO SUMMARIZE A LARGE DATA SET
AND TO ZOOM IN ON NEEDLES IN THE
HAYSTACK OR WHAT YOU MIGHT THINK
OF AS PATTERNS THAT MIGHT BE
REALLY SPECIFIC BUT CRUCIAL
PUZZLE PIECES TO UNDERSTANDING
PHENOMENON LIKE VILIENT DEATHS
AND THIS INCLUDES FOR EXAMPLE
TOPICS ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH THAT
ARE COMMONLY NOTED IN THE
NARRATIVES AND NOT YET
EXPLICITLY KNOWN OR PART OF OUR
STANDARD CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
FOR MENTAL HEALTH.
ONE OF THE POWERS OF THE METHODS
THAT IS INDEFINITE AND ENABLES
RESEARCHERS TO BREAK AWAY FROM
ENTRENCHED WAYS OF THINKING
ABOUT VIOLENT DEATH AND
MENTIONED WE FOUND TOPICS NOT
INCLUDED IN STRUCTURED VARIABLES
AND IN THE PAPER WE DESCRIBED
ALL 225 TOPICS WE IDENTIFIED
WITH THE METHOD AND GOAL HERE IS
WE ARE HOPING TO SPARK READERS
FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS AND RESEARCH
BASED ON BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE
AND ALSO PROVIDE CODES SO
RESEARCHERS WANTING TO USE EXACT
METHODS ARE ABLE TO.
WE DEVELOPED A METHOD TO HARNESS
NVDRS TEXT DATA AND ARE
MOTIVATED BY GREATER CHALLENGES
AND PROMISED TEXT DATA AND
DISCOURSE ATOM TOPIC DATA USEFUL
TO WIDE RANGE OF REAL-WORLD
CONTEXT WHETHER SOCIAL MEDIA
INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPTIONS OR
CLINICAL NOTES OR OTHER NEW
DOMAIN.
NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE.
THANK YOU. I WELCOME YOUR
QUESTIONS IN THE Q & A AT THIS
POINT.
>>ALL RIGHT. THANK YOU FOR
YOUR WONDERFUL PRESENTATION DR.
ARSENIA COALER AND WILL START
THE Q & A SESSION AND VIRTUAL
ATTENDEES COULD SUBMIT QUESTIONS
ANYTIME USING THIS SEND LIVE
FEEDBACK BUTTON ON THE VIDEOCAST
AND ADDITIONALLY WELCOME
IN-PERSON ATTENDEES COMING TO
ONE OF TWO MICROPHONES SET UP IN
THE AISLES TO POSE QUESTIONS TO
DR. ARSENIA COALER AS WELL AND
WE HAVE OUR FIRST QUESTION
COMING UP FROM ONE IN-PERSON
ATTENDEE. PLEASE GO AHEAD.
>>HI. CONGRATULATIONS AND
FASCINATING WORK AND MIKE FROM
NIMH AND I COULDN'T HELP BUT
REFLECT ON HOW IT WAS TWO YEARS
AGO THAT MATILDA WHITE RILEY
LECTURE WAS DELIVERED BY ANNE
CASE TALKING ABOUT DESPAIR AND
CONNECTIONS ABOUT THIS WORK AND
HER TALKS AND HER AWARD AND I
ACTUALLY DID WANT TO ASK ABOUT
THAT POINT ABOUT TIME. THIS IS
A FASCINATING METHOD FOR
DERIVING NEW INSIGHTS FROM
EXISTING DATA AND YOU ARE USING
IT TO CHARACTERIZE TRENDS YOU
ARE SEEING BY POPULATION AND
WONDER ABOUT TRENDS OVER TIME
AND WILL IT LET US SEE EMERGING
PATTERNS OR TRENDS WITH RESPECT
TO VIOLENT DEATHS?
>>THANK YOU. THAT IS A GREAT
QUESTION. YEAH. WE DIDN'T --
WE HAVE NOT YET FOCUSED ON TIME
AND SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT IS
WHEN YOU ARE PULLING OUT TOPICS,
GREAT THING ABOUT IT, IT BECOMES
LIKE ANY OTHER STRUCTURED
VARIABLE.
YOU NOW HAVE EACH ROW THAT IS A
DEATH INCIDENT AND LIKE YOU HAVE
DEMOGRAPHICS YOU HAVE TOPIC IN
THE NARRATIVE LIKE A STRUCTURED
VARIABLE YOU CAN INPUT INTO SOME
REGRESSION OR DOWNSTREAM
ANALYSIS AND YOU CAN LOOK AT IT
BY POPULATIONS AND START TO
SEPARATE OUT THINGS BY TIME AND
WHICH TOPICS AND NARRATIVES ARE
GOING UP ACROSS TIME OR DOWN AND
HOW IT RELATES TO PATTERNS GOING
ON THAT IS SOMETHING THAT IS
REALLY PROMISING WORK AND ONE OF
THE STRENGTHS OF NVDRS IS
LONGITUDINAL GOING FROM 2023 TO
LATEST WAVE OF 2020.
>>THANK YOU SO MUCH.
>>THANK YOU FOR THAT QUESTION.
WE HAVE ANOTHER THAT IS YOU
PREVIOUSLY FOUND UNIDENTIFIED
TOPICS IN NVDS DATA SET IN THE
METHOD IS THERE SOMETHING YOU
PARTICULARLY FOUND SURPRISING OR
COUNTERINTUITIVE?
>>YEAH. THERE IS A LOT.
THAT IS WHY WE THOUGHT IT WAS
IMPORTANT TO HAVE SUPPLEMENTARY
MATERIALS WHERE WE PUT IT ALL
OUT THERE AND ALSO EVERYONE IS
COMING FROM DIFFERENT
BACKGROUNDS AND HAS DIFFERENT
THINGS. I NOTICED THAT THEY
PICK UP ON DIFFERENT PATTERNS I
MIGHT NOT HAVE NOTICED OR
COLLABORATORS MIGHT NOT NOTICE
BECAUSE THEY HAVE A DIFFERENT
MINDSET AND THINGS THAT HAVE
BEEN SURPRISING TO ME IS, FOR
EXAMPLE, SEEING A WIDE RANGE OF
TOPICS ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH, FOR
EXAMPLE.
FOR OTHERS THAT HAVE LOOKED AT
THE TOPIC, WHAT IS INTERESTING
TO SEE IS TOPICS ABOUT
SUBSTANCES AND IN MEDICATIONS.
THERE IS A NUMBER OF TOPICS
ABOUT THOSE THAT ARE GROUPED IN
DIFFERENT WAYS SUGGESTING THAT
THEY ARE TALKED ABOUT IN
CONSISTENT PATTERNS AND
CONSISTENT WAYS CERTAIN
SUBSTANCES AND MEDICATIONS ARE
BEING TALKED ABOUT AND I --
THERE IS SO MANY I COULD GO ON
AND ON ABOUT LIKE ALL OF THE
SURPRISES.
SO, I THINK I WILL LEAVE IT
THERE.
>>ALL RIGHT. THANK YOU FOR
THAT RESPONSE.
WE HAVE TIME FOR ONE MORE
QUESTION THAT CAME THROUGH THE
VIDEO CAST.
COULD YOU ELABORATE ON
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EXTRACTING
OBJECTIVE FACTS FOR EXAMPLE
MENTIONS OF FUNERAL PLANNING AND
VERSUS DESCRIPTIONS AND
NARRATIVES OF VIOLENCE FROM DATA
AND HOW TO MAKE DECISIONS ABOUT
HOW TO INTERPRET CATEGORIES?
>>THAT IS ALSO A GREAT QUESTION
AND PART OF IT IS A DISTINCTION
THAT IS BETWEEN NARRATIVE DATA
AND PRECODED VARIABLES.
NARRATIVE DATE A-- DATA IS
SUMMARIZING CIRCUMSTANCES AND
THERE IS A CERTAIN CONCEPT OR
TOPIC TALKED ABOUT MORE THAT
DOESN'T NECESSARILY OCCUR IN --
THERE COULD BE A DISTINCTION
BETWEEN THOSE TWO AND SAME TIME
I THINK THIS IS A CHALLENGE OF
DEATH DATA MORE BROADLY AND WE
HAVE A LOT OF RETROSPECTIVE DATA
AND IMPRESSIONS FOR EXAMPLE OF
EVEN WITH STRUCTURED VARIABLES
THAT THERE IS A STRUCTURED
VARIABLE DID DECREEDIENT APPEAR
TO BE IN DEPRESSED MOOD FROM
PATIENTS AND FROM THOSE AROUND
THEM AND PARTLY NARRATIVE DATA
AND BIG CHALLENGE WE HAVE WITH
COLLECTING INFORMATION AFTER A
VIOLENT DEATH.
>>ALL RIGHT. THANK YOU SO
MUCH. WE WOULD LIKE TO THANK
YOU AGAIN DR. AR SEINIA COALER
FOR EXCELLENT PRESENTATION AND
CONGRATULATE YOU ON BEING AN
AWARDEE THIS YEAR. WE WILL MOVE
TO THE SECOND PRESENTER OF THE
DAY. MARISSA BURGER MASTER PHD
IS ASSISTANT PROFESSOR WITH
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AUSTIN
NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES AND
DR.BURGER MASTER'S RESEARCH --
IMPROVE NUTRITION AND COMMUNITY
HEALTH AND GOAL OF RESEARCH
PROGRAM IS LEVERAGING PATIENT
GENERATED DATA TO PERSONALIZE
NUTRITION SPECIAL FOCUS ON
GROUPS FOR WHOM NEW TECHNOLOGIES
ARE NOT DEVELOPED AND DR. BURGER
MASTER EARNED PHD IN BEHAVIORAL
NUTRITION -- MONTCLAIR STATE
UNIVERSITY AND M ED IN
CURRICULUM INSTRUCTION FROM
WILLIAM AND MARY AND COMPLETED A
POST DOCTORAL FELLOWSHIP AND
BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS AND DR.
BURGER MASTER WILL PRESENT --
FOR PRECISION BEHAVIORAL
NUTRITION AND DR. BURGER MASTER
FLOOR IS YOURS.
>>I NEED REMOTE.
>>THANK YOU EVERYONE FOR
INVITING ME AND HONOR BEING HERE
SHARING WORK ON THE PAPER THAT I
NEEDED.
LET'S SEE. PAPER THAT I WILL
FOCUS ON IS ON PSYCHOSOCIAL
BEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPING AND WHICH
MACHINE LEARNING AND TEASING
ABOUT FUTURE DIRECTIONS TOWARDS
END AND GENESIS OF THIS PROJECT
WAS CENTRAL PROBLEM IN AREA OF
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE WHICH IS
TREATMENT EFFECT HETEROGENEITY
AND SPECIFICALLY THAT THIS
INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY IN
RESPONSES TO INTERVENTIONS IS
TYPICALLY DESCRIBED AFTER THE
INTERVENTION HAPPENS; RIGHT?
SOME DISSERTATION WORK EVEN WAS
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH THAT IS
FOCUSED ON EXPLAINING PROCESS OF
INTERVENTION OUTCOMES IN CHILD
OBESITY PREVENTION INTERVENTION
AND WE KNOW INTERVENTIONAL
RESPONSES ARE HIGHLY CONTEXTUAL
AND IS DISCONNECT BETWEEN
EXPLAINING WHAT HAPPENED AFTER
AND IS AT LEAST LEAVING
HYPOTHESIZED BREAD CRUMBS PEOPLE
CAN FOLLOW AND WHAT WOULD BE
IMPACTFUL IS IF WE HAD A
SCALEABLE SYSTEMATIC APPROACH
THAT ALLOWED US TO PREDICT
INTERVENTION RESPONSE AND
POTENTIALLY PRESCRIBE IDEAL
COMBINATION OF INTERVENTION
COMPONENTS AND THIS WOULD LEAD
TO PRECISION HEALTH
INTERVENTIONS THAT COMES FROM
SORT OF THE IDEA OF PRECISION
MEDICINE AND SPECIFIC METHOD
DEVELOPED PART OF PRECISION
MEDICINE INITIATIVE THAT IS IDEA
OF FOO ENNO TYPING TAKING
HETDERRO GENIUS GROUP OF PEOPLE
AND WHO IS RESPONDING BEST BY
THOSE THAT GROUP THEM AND AN
OBSERVABLE CHARACTERISTIC AND
BEFORE I TALK ABOUT THE METHOD
WE DEVELOPED TO SOLVE THIS
PROBLEM I'M SPEAKING TO AN
AUDIENCE WHO FOR THE MOST PART
IS FAMILIAR WITH BEHAVIORAL
INTERVENTIONS AND FOR THOSE --
FOR WHUM THIS IS MAYBE NOT YOUR
MAIN AREA OF FOCUS.
IF YOU SIMPLIFY THE MANY, MANY,
MANY, MANY THEORIES OF
BEHAVIORAL CHANGE IN HEALTH
BEHAVIOR CHANGE, YOU CAN
BASICALLY DISTILL DOWN TO THIS
IDEA THAT MODERATORS OR
CONTEXTUAL FACTORS AND MEDIATORS
AND INTERVENTION TARGETS
TOGETHER CAN BE INFLUENCED TO
CHANGE BEHAVIOR.
SO, BEHAVIOR CHANGED STRATEGIES
ALSO OFTEN CALLED BEHAVIOR
CHANGED TECHNIQUES ARE WHAT WE
USE TO INTERVENE ON THESE
MEDIATORS OR CHANGEABLE FACTORS
ABOUT BEHAVIOR AND WE USE
STRATIFICATION OR TAILORING TO
TAKE THESE CONTEXTUAL FACTORS
INTO ACCOUNT.
SO, WE APPLIED OR THOUGHT ABOUT
IN CONTEXT OF BEHAVIORAL
INTERVENTION WHAT IT WOULD TAKE
REALLY TO DO PRECISION HEALTH
AND BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS
THAT IS THROUGH LOOKING THROUGH
LITERATURE AND THE CALLS FOR
PRECISION APPROACHES TO BE
APPLIED IN HEALTH AND NOT JUST
MEDICINE.
WE DEVELOPED A SERIES OF
DISITIER ATA AND IF WE DEVELOP A
PHENOTYPING METHOD TO SOLVE THIS
PROBLEM OF TREATMENT EFFECT
ETTERO JENAETY IT WOULD NEED TO
SXRIEZ PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH SO
INDIVIDUAL AND CONTEXTUAL
FACTORS THAT WOULD NEED TO HAVE
CONCEPTUALLY MEANINGFUL
SUBGROUPS AND HIGHLIGHT ELEMENTS
TO BE INTERVENED UPON OTHERWISE
IT WOULD BE DIFFICULT TO DEVELOP
AN INTERVENTION AND NEEDS TO BE
LINKED TO A RELEVANT HEALTH
OUTCOME.
SO, OUR QUESTION THAT DROVE THIS
RESEARCH IS ARE THERE
SYSTEMATICALLY IDENTIFIABLE
POPULATION SUBGROUPS WITH UNIQUE
COMBINATIONS OF CANDIDATE
TARGETS AND CONTEXTUALIZED
FACTORS AND WANTING TO IDENTIFY
SUBGROUPS PSYCHOSOCIAL
BEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPES WE WANT TO
IDENTIFY WHICH ARE RELATED TO
WEIGHT STATUS THAT IS A
REVELLENT HEALTH OUTCOME AND
FINALLY WE WANTED TO BE ABLE TO
DESCRIBE PHENOTYPES IN WAY TO
HIGHLIGHT POTENTIAL INTERVEJS
TARGETS AND USED DATA FROM
COMMUNITY COHORT THAT IS A
LARGER DATA SET OF COMMUNITY
MEMBERS IN NORTHERN MANHATTAN
UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER AND IN
AREA OF NEW YORK CITY AND DR.
[INDISCERNIBLE] IS INTIMATELY
FAMILIAR. THIS IS A SERIES OF
-- WORK OF DR. SUE BACKEN'S
GROUP AT UNIVERSITY OF NURSING
DOING WORK WITH RELATIONSHIPS
WITH COMMUNITY MEMBERS AND
COLLECTING DATA WITH ENORMOUS
COHORT OF PARTICIPANTS WHO
ANSWERED MANY SURVEYS INCLUDING
HEALTH MEASURES INCLUDING WEIGHT
AND HEIGHT AND WERE VALIDATED
MEASURES OF DIET AND PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY AND SAID YEN TEAR
BEHAVIORS AND ATTITUDES AND
OUTCOME EXPECTATIONS AND HEALTH
LITERACY ON MEASURES AND NYC
MEASURES AND PROMISE MEASURES
AND VARIOUS MEASURES MANY USE IN
LOTS OF THE RESEARCH AND COHORT
IS 96% HISPANIC OR LATINO AND
MEAN AGE IS 50 AND THERE IS A
WIDE VARIETY IN AGES AND 75%
FEMALE AND WE DEVELOPED MODEL
THAT IS BASED ON TOPIC MODELING
AND THANKS TO DR. ARSENIO COALER
YOU ARE FAMILIAR WITH ALREADY
AND SPECIFIC TYPE OF MODELING
USING TEXT-BASED DATA
PRE-PROCESSED SURVEY RESPONSES
AND THE POWER OF THE MODEL IS
THAT IT MODELS ALL OF THE DATA
WITHIN CHANNELS THAT I WAS ABLE
TO CATEGORIZE BASED ON CONSTRUCT
THROWING DATA INTO A TOPIC MODEL
IT WOULD ELEVATE THINGS
REPRESENTED IN DATA SET
ELEVATING THINGS FROM CONSTRUCT
AND SEEING THINGS ABOUT FOOD
ENVIRONMENT AND ABOUT DIET AND
ABOUT PERCEIVED SAFETY OF THE
NEIGHBORHOOD AND THINGS COMING
TO SURFACE THAT ARE MOST
IMPORTANT AND THIS MODEL
ULTIMATELY GAVE TWO IMPORTANT
TYPES OF OUTPUT ONE IS PERSON
PHENOTYPE DISTRIBUTIONS THAT IS
A PROBABILISTIC MODEL THAT MEANS
THAT THERE IS PROBABILITY OF
EVERY SINGLE POSSIBLE OUTPUT
ASSIGNED TO EACH OF THE
INDIVIDUALS IN THE DATA SET.
WE WERE ABLE TO SEE HOW MUCH
EACH PHENOTYPE REPRESENTED THAT
IS PHENOTYPE DISTRIBUTION AND
PHENOTYPE TOKEN DISTRIBUTIONS IS
WHAT PHENOTYPE IS COMPRISED OF
AND CONSTRUCTS AND VARIABLES IN
EACH CONSTRUCT THAT CAME TO THE
SURFACE AS IMPORTANT WITHIN A
GIVEN PHENOTYPE WE HAVE
PHENOTYPES AND PEOPLE ASSIGNED
TO FEENLO TYPE RESULTS I
WILL GROUP BY DISITIER ATA AND
CONTEXTUAL VARIABLES INCLUDED
THAT BY DEFINITION HAPPENED
BECAUSE THAT IS THE WEISER DATA
SET WE USED.
WE SET A CUTOFF VALUE FOR ACTIVE
VERSUS INACTIVE VALUE.
THIS WOULDN'T BE HELPFUL BUT
MEAN A BUNCH OF -- WE KNOW THIS
IS NOT REALLY HOW THE WORLD WORK
WOR
WORKS.
WE FOUND MOST PARTICIPANTS HAD
AN ACTIVE PHENOTYPE ONE WITH TWO
AND NO PEOPLE HAD MORE THAN
THREE ACTIVE PHENOTYPES AND WHAT
IS IMPORTANT IS ACROSS OUR 20
PHENOTYPES THERE IS A WIDE
VARIABILITY. EVERY PHENOTYPE
WAS REPRESENTED WITH SOME
FREQUENCY AND THERE IS A LOT OF
DIFFERENT GROUPS WE COULD
POTENTIALLY IDENTIFY WAYS TO
INTERVENE UPON.
SECOND IS THAT WE WANTED AND
SECOND DISITIER ATTIM IS WE
WANTED TO HAVE INTERVENTION
TARGETS IN CONTEXT.
WORD CLOUDS HAVE PROS AND CONS
AND ONE THING USEFUL ABOUT THEM
IS YOU CAN GET A GUEST AULT WHAT
IS GOING ON WITH A PARTICULAR
GROUP IN THIS CASE PHENOTYPE.
THEY ARE TWO PHENOTYPES --
THOUGH THESE PARTICIPANTS HAD NO
CHRONIC STRESSORS -- IT IS
INTERESTING DICHOTOMY THERE AND
RELEVANT TO MY -- RESEARCH
TALKING ABOUT IN A MINUTE
INTERESTING POINTER HERE.
THIS GROUP DOWN HERE WOULD
SELF-ADVOCATE IF DOCTOR WAS BUSY
AND SHARED DECISION MAKING IN
HEALTH CARE AND ARE CLEAR
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TWO GROUPS
IN SOME ASPECTS BETWEEN HOW
ATTITUDES PRESENT THEMSELVES AND
ADDITIONAL WORK IN PAPERS AND
POINTING OUT FINALLY RESULTS ARE
LINKED TO ELEVATED WEIGHT STATUS
DEFINED AS BMI29.9 THAT IS
IMPERFECT MEASURE OF HEALTH THAT
IS ONE THAT IS USEFUL IN CONTEXT
OF LARGE POPULATION STUDIES.
WE FOUND SIX PHENOTYPES
SIGNIFICANTLY RELATED TO
ELEVATED WEIGHT STATUS TO THE
TWO I SHOWED THAT WERE RELATED
TO ELEVATED WEIGHT STATUS AND
FOUR ARE NEGATIVELY RELATED TO
ELEVATED WAIT STATUS AND
IMPLICATIONS THAT THESE GROUPS
MAY BE MEANINGFUL IN THERE
SHOWING INTERVENTION CONTEXTS
AND TARGETS AND SOMETHING THAT
IS LINKING THEM TO A HEALTH
OUTCOME AND WHAT WE DID THAT I'M
PLEASED TO HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY
TO SHARE WE ARE ABLE TO COMBINE
LATENT TOPIC VAIRIABLE MODELING
WITH MACHINE LEARNING WITH
BEHAVIORAL THEORY AND SCIENCE
AND THOSE ALLOW US TO DEPICT
COMPLEXITY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
IDENTIFYING SIMILARITIES AND
DIFFERENCES IN RISK FACTORS
AMONG MEMBERS OF THE SAME
COMMUNITY THAT ARE MORE
REINFORCEMENT OF HETEROGENEITY
EVEN AMONG GROUPS THAT ARE OFTEN
ASSUMED TO BE SIMILAR AND
POINTING OUT THAT THESE
PHENOTYPES THEMSELVES ARE
UNLIKELY TO BE GENERALIZABLE.
HOWEVER, THE METHOD COULD BE
USED IN OTHER LARGE DATA SETS IN
ORDER TO IDENTIFY SIMILAR
PHENOTYPES.
THIS WOULD POTENTIALLY ALLOW
EXPLANATION OF RISK FACTORS AND
INTERVENTION STRATIFICATION AND
TAILORING FOR PRECISION
INTERVENTIONS AND HOPEFULLY
PREDICTING INTERVENTION RESPONSE
WITH MORE CONTINUOUS AND
DETAILED PATIENT REPORTED DATA.
AS PROMISED I TEASED ADDITIONAL
METHODS FOR PRECISION BEHAVIORAL
NUTRITION I TALKED ABOUT BRIEFLY
AND MOVE GS TO AUST YIN RELATED
DIFFICULT TO IDENTIFY SUBGROUPS
WITH PATIENTS AND CLINICAL
CONTEXT IMPLICATIONS TALKING
ABOUT NUTRITION WITH PATIENTS
AND DEVELOPED A CLINICAL
DECISION SUPPORT TOOL TO HELP
PRIMARY CARE PROVIDERS TALK WITH
PATIENTS IN PERSONALIZED WAY TO
HELP PATIENTS SET A GOAL TO
CHANGE DIETARY BEHAVIOR AND HAS
BEEN PILOT TESTED IN A CLINIC
WITH VERY POSITIVE RESULTS
LOOKING AT FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF
HOW WE MIGHT APPLY THIS
PRECISION APPROACH IN AREA OF
NUTRITION AND WITH THAT WOULD
LIKE TO ACKNOWLEDGE CO-AUTHOR
VICTOR RODRIGUEZ OF COLLUMAR
UNIVERSITY SUCCESSFULLY
DEFENDING DOCTORAL AND DR.
BACHENS WEISER AND GEORGE
[INDISCERNIBLE] TRAINING GRANT
AND THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.
>>ALL RIGHT. THANK YOU FOR
THAT PRESENTATION. WE WILL MOVE
INTO THE Q & A SESSION NOW. IF
THE IN-PERSON AUDIENCE HAS
QUESTIONS FEEL FRE TO COME TO
THE MICROPHONE. I WILL MONITOR
TO SEE AS VIRTUAL QUESTIONS COME
IN.
I WOULD LIKE TO START OFF WITH A
FE FOR YOU IS GOAL OF BEHAVIORAL
PHENOTYPING FOR EACH IDENTIFIED
SUBGROUPS TO ACHIEVE SAME HEALTH
OUTCOME OR PART OF THE
PHENOTYPING RECOGNIZING THAT
APPROPRIATE INTERVENTION
OUTCOMES MAY ACTUALLY VARY
ACROSS SUBGROUP SNZ.
>>YOU BRING UP A GOOD POINT IN
THAT I ENVISION PLACEMENT FOR
PSYCHOSOCIAL BEHAVIORAL
PHENOTYPES AT BEGINNING OF THE
PROCESS THAT SHOULD LEAD TO AN
EVIDENCE-BASED INTERVENTION
THAT, THAT FIRST PART OF THE,
YOU KNOW, SORT OF SCIENCE AND
BEHAVIOR CHANGE APPROACH TO
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE IS WHAT ARE
THE -- WHO ARE CANDIDATES AND
TARGET AUDIENCE?
WHAT IS CANDIDATE INTERVENTIONS?
THERE IS ANOTHER STEP TO HAPPEN
TO ENSURE THAT THE ACTUAL
INTERVENTION TARGETS DO MOVE THE
NEEDLE ON THE HEALTH OUTCOME?
I WOULD SAY THAT THIS IS REALLY
STILL A HYPOTHESIS GENERATING
APPROACH AND ANOTHER STEP TO
HAPPEN BEFORE EFFICACY TESTING
AND BY DEFINITION THAT IS
CLEARER IN THE ARTICLE THAT SOME
PHENOTYPES RELATED TO ELEVATED
WEIGHT STATUS AND OTHERS THAT
ARE NEGATIVELY RELATED TO
ELEVATED WEIGHT STATUS IMPLYING
IF INTERESTED IN WEIGHT
REDUCTION INTERVENTION IT IS
PROBABLY NOT NECESSARILY
IMPORTANT FOR EVERYBODY AND
TARGETING ELEMENT AND IN NITTY
GRITTY WHAT IS IN PHENOTYPES
FINDING TARGETS YOU HYPOTHESIZE
THAT ARE CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT
WEIGHT REDUCTION FOR EXAMPLE.
>>THANK YOU FOR THE RESPONSE.
QUESTION FROM IN-PERSON
AUDIENCE.
>>HI. JOHN KING NIA. REALLY
COOL STUFF.
>>THANKS.
>>I'M NOT INTO WHATEVER YOU
SAID MULTICHANNEL YES THAT.
>>MC3M.
>>QUESTION THOUGH YOU SAID IN
END YOU WERE CONCERNED WHETHER
YOU WOULD GET SAME OR GENERALIZE
AND SEEMS TO ME AND MAYBE I
DON'T KNOW ENOUGH ABOUT THIS BUT
YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO SEE OR
TAKE DIFFERENT DATA SET AND --
LOOK LIKE PEOPLE THAT YOU HAD IN
INITIAL SAMPLE AND IN OTHER
WORDS I UNDERSTAND YOU HAVE
WEIGHTS AND PHENOTYPES AND
REPRESENTED PERSON AND IS A SET
OF PROFILE THAT YOU ARE LOOKING
AT AND FIND OUT THAT IT GIVES
YOU PROFILES. IS THAT HOW IT
COULD WORK?
>>IT WOULD.
>>OKAY.
>>TRICKY PART IS. SOME OF YOU
IN THE ROOM MAY KNOW ABOUT THIS.
THERE HAVE BEEN EFFORTS TO
SYNCHRONIZE MEASURES ACROSS
STUDIES.
FOR THE MOST PART.
>>THAT FIT MS S MY OTHER LIFE,
YEAH.
>>DIFFERENT SET OF QUESTIONS
THEY ANSWERED YOU COULDN'T
DIRECTLY MAP PHENOTYPES AND WILL
SAY WHEN PAPER CAME OUT IN
BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE AND WE HAD
FANTASTIC REVIEWERS GIVING
REALLY CONSTRUCTIVE AND HELPFUL
FEEDBACK.
>>OKAY.
>>THEY WANTED US TO LABEL
PHENOTYPES.
>>YOU WOULDN'T DO IT.
>>WE WOULDN'T DO IT.
>>RIGHT.
>>THIS HAS GONE THROUGH MANY
ITERATIONS THAT WE TALKED ABOUT
EARLIER.
IT WAS JUST -- IT WASN'T -- IT
DIDN'T FEEL AUTHENTIC.
THERE WERE ISSUES WITH MAKING
GENERALIZATIONS ABOUT PEOPLE
FROM THESE PHENOTYPES AND SO I
THINK THAT WITHOUT HAVING
HARMONIZED DATA SETS IT WOULD BE
REALLY HARD TO DO AN EXTERNAL
VALIDATION OF THE PHENOTYPES
THEMSELVES AND THAT SAID THIS
MODEL IS GENERALIZABLE TO LARGE
ENOUGH DATA SET.
ALL THESE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF
HEALTH ABOUT SET OF OLDER ADULTS
THAT YOU COULD TAKE THIS MODEL
AND TUNING TO HAVE PHENOTYPES TO
INTERPRET FROM THAT DATA SET.
>>>>THIS WAS GREAT.
>>THAT IS ALL TIME WE HAVE FOR
QUESTIONS THANK YOU FOR YOUR
PRESENTATION AND CONGRATUL
CONGRATULATIONS.
RESEARCH INVESTIGATOR FOR SOCIAL
ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH PROGRAM
AT UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
INSTITUTE.
SHE USES NIX METHODS FOR --
LIFESTYLE BEHAVIORS AND QUALITY
OF LIFE AND IN PARTICULAR SHE
FOCUSES ON AGING IN PLACE AND
COGNITIVE HEALTH DISPARITIES
AMONG UNDER-REPRESENTED AND
UNDERSERVED ADULTS AND GOAL OF
RESEARCH IS ADVANCING KNOWLEDGE
OF SOCIETY'S PRESSING CHALLENGES
INFORMING POLICY TO BUILD
EQUITABLE LIFE-LONG COMMUNITIES
AND EARNED MASTER'S AND PHD FROM
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA AND
PRESENTATION IS ENTITLED
COGNITIVABILITY FOR AGING. YOU
ARE WELCOME TO BEGIN.
>>THANK YOU.
>>RIGHT THERE.
>>WONDERFUL.
>>THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR HAVING
ME.
PLEASURE AND HONOR TO BE PART OF
THIS EVENT. AS MENTIONED I'M A
GEOGRAPHER AND COME AT WORK FROM
PERSPECTIVE THAT MOST FOLKS ARE
AND INTERESTED IN WHERE PEOPLE
LIVE WITH AGE AND AGING PLACE
EXPERIENCE AS CROSS MINNEAPOLIS
METROPOLITAN AREA AND WHAT DO
THEY FEEL THEY NEEDED TO SUPPORT
THEM IN THEIR HOMES AND
NEIGHBORHOODS AND WHAT COMMUNITY
SUPPORTS THEY NEED TO FEEL THEY
COULD AGE WELL IN PLACE AND BE
SUPPORTED IN HEALTH AND WELL
BEING EXPERIENCES AT TIME WHAT
WAS SURPRISING NOW 10 YEARS
LATER NOT TOO SURPRISING ONE
THING PEOPLE TALKED ABOUT WERE
ALZHEIMER'S AND DEMENTIA AND
RELATABLE FEAR LOSING YOURSELF
AND ABILITY TO [INDISCERNIBLE]
HOME PEOPLE WOULD SAY WHAT IF I
STARTED A HOUSE FIRE OR WANDER?
WHAT IF I NEED COSTLY CARE OR IF
I'M A BURDEN UPON MY FAMILY OR
COMMUNITY?
THIS REALLY INSPIRED ME PURSUING
POST DOCTORAL RESEARCH AT
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AND
LIVING WITH DEMENTIA PREVENTION
EFFORT IS LARGE EFFORT TO
CONSOLIDATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH
ON -- THEY IDENTIFIED 12 ACROSS
LIFE COURSE SUCH AS EARLY LIFE
EDUCATION AND MID LIFE HEARING
LOSS AND HEAD INJURY AND LATER
LIFE SMOKING DEPRESSION AND
THESE COMBINED COULD PREVENT ORE
DELAY 40% DEMENTIA CASES
WORLDWIDE?
AS A GEOGRAPHER I LOOK AT THIS
THINKING HOW COULD ENVIRONMENTS
STRUCTURE RISK FACTORS?
NO. 11, WOW. THIS IS A FUNKY
ONE. AIR POLLUTION NO. 11 IS
ROBUST AND WELL KNOWN AREA OF
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS FOR
DEMENTIA AND ALZHEIMER'S AND
WORK IS A LOT MORE ABOUT
COMMUNITY CONTEXTS ABOUT
POSITIVES AND NEGATIVES
OCCURRING SIMULTANEOUSLY IN A
SPACE IN WHERE WE LIVE AND FOR
ME I THINK THAT WELL HOW DOES
YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD MATTER FOR
EXAMPLE FOR BEING SOCIALLY
CONNECTED OR PHYSICALLY ACTIVE?
NOW, THE CHALLENGE OF THIS IS
IDENTIFYING FEATURES THAT MAT
ERRAND THAT IS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
AND SOCIAL CONNECTION AND
COGNITIVE STIMULATION AND BEING
INVOLVED IN CREATIVE COMPLEX AND
EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES THAT IS A
TRICKY PART GETTING AT SPECIFIC
SITES AND ANSWERING THAT
QUESTION WE USED MIXED METHODS
APPROACH WHERE QUALITATIVE DATA
LED TO HYPOTHESES SAYING WHERE
AND HOW DO SOCIALIZE AND ENGAGE
IN COMPLEX ACTIVITIES OUTSIDE OF
YOUR HOMES GIVING SPECIFIC SITES
TO IDENTIFY TO TEST IN THIS
LARGE NATIONAL AGING SAMPLE OF
REGARDS AND REASONS FOR
GEOGRAPHIC AND RACIAL
DIFFERENCES IN STROKE STUDY AND
TESTING IN QUANTITATIVE SAMPLE
IS AVAILABILITY AND ACCESS TO
NEIGHBORHOOD SITES ASSOCIATED
WITH COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS YIELDED
WELL OVER 50 SITES.
MULTIPLE SITES SIMULTANEOUSLY
BEING IMPORTANT TO FOLKS AND
SCALED DOWN TO LIST OF 12 TO 15
SITES THAT PEOPLE WERE MOST
GENERALIZABLE ACROSS THIS SAMPLE
AND THEORETICALLY WERE POSITIVE
PLACES LIKE CIVIC AND SOCIAL
ORGANIZATIONS AND GROCERY STORES
AND THEORETICALLY NEGSIVE SITES
HIGHWAYS AND POLLUTING SITES AND
BASED UPON REGARDS OVER 30,000
AGING BLACK AND WHITE ADULT AS
CROSS THE UNITED STATES AVERAGE
WERE 64ARIES OLD AT BASELINE AND
ANNUAL FOLLOW UPS PHYSICAL AND
MENTAL HEALTH DOING COGNITIVE
TESTING TALKING MORE ABOUT THAT
ON NEXT SLIDE AND NOT MOST
IMPORTANTLY THERE IS LOTS OF
GREAT THINGS REGARDLESS AND TO
ME AS A GEOGRAPHER I AM JAZZED
ABOUT WE HAVE ADDRESSES TO
GEOCODE KNOWING ACROSS STUDY
PERIOD EVERY HOME ADDRESS THEY
LIVED AT TO UPDATE NEIGHBORHOODS
IF THEY MOVE.
QUANTITY OF ANALYSIS CO-LED WITH
BRILLIANT AMAZING COLLEAGUE WITH
MICHAEL ESPOS EATO FROM
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY AT ST.
LOUIS.
-- INTO THIS WORLD OF
QUANTITATIVE MODELING GLOBAL
COGNITIVE FUNCTION WE DON'T HAVE
DOMAINS SPECIFIC HYPOTHESES THAT
IS EARLY AND EXPLORETATIVE WORK
AND TAKING MULTIPLE SOURCES OF
INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO US FOR
REGARDS AND COMPETENCE SCORE
FIVE TESTS LANGUAGE EXECUTIVE
FUNCTION LEARNING MEMORY AND
ORIENTATION NEIGHBORHOODS ARE
TRICKY TO MEASURE AND SITES FOR
1,000 PEOPLE.
WHO ARE ACTIVE FROM 2006 TO 27
TAENADJUSTING FOR HOST OF
INDIVIDUAL AT INDIVIDUAL LEVEL
CO-VARIATES AT INDIVIDUAL LEVEL
AGE GENDER RACE AND EDUCATION
AND CENSUS TRACK LEVEL
POPULATIONS AND NEIGHBORHOODS
AND PROPORTIONS LIVING BELOW
POVERTY LINE AND PROPORTION
OWNER OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS.
AND THE SAMPLE IS OVER 21,000
OLDER ADULTS LIVING ACROSS THE
WHOLE US AND NOTE WE WILL
RESTRICT TO URBAN AND SUBURBAN
DWELLING REGARDS PARTICIPANTS --
I WILL TALK ABOUT RURAL
COGNITIVABILITY AND 56% WERE
FEMALE AND 60% WERE IDENTIFIED
AS WHITE AND 40% BLACK AND
VARIED WIDELY ACROSS THE SAMPLE
AND SO WHAT WE FOUND IS THAT I
HAVE PULLED OUT THE 6 KIND OF
SIGNIFICANT RESULTS AND OF THOSE
15 NEIGHBORHOOD FEATURES WE PUT
IN SIMULTANEOUSLY THEY ARE ONES
THAT CAME OUT HAVING SIGNIFICANT
ASSOCIATION WITH COGNITIVE
FUNCTION AND WILL TAKE A MOMENT
TO ORIENTATE YOU TO THE SLIDES
AND Y AXIS WE HAVE PREDICTIVE
COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND 0
INDICATES WORSE COGNITIVE
FUNCTION AND HIGHER .6 INDICATES
[INDISCERNIBLE] FUNCTION AND X
AXIS WE HAVE NUMBER OF SITES PER
1,000 LIVING IN NEIGHBORHOOD AND
WE HAVE 0 INDICATING NO SUCH
CIVIC AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
AND IN THIS EXAMPLE AND 3 OR 3.5
OR 4 HAVING HIGH NUMBER OF SITES
PER PERSON AND BIG POSITIVE IS
CIVIC AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
THAT IS RED ONES HERE IN THIS
TOP LEFT AND LIVING IN AREA WITH
GREATER CIVIC AND ORGANIZATIONS
PER PERSON MUSEUMS AND
RECREA
RECREATIONCREMENT ERRS THIS IN
AREA AND THERE IS HIGHWAYS BUSY
CONGESTIVE THIS IS ACCOUNTING IF
FOR AREA AND INDIVIDUAL LEVEL
SCS AND MAKES SENSE GIVEN WHAT
WE KNOW ABOUT POLLUTION
EXPOSURES AIR AND NOISE
POLLUTION FOR BARRIERS AND
NEIGHBORHOODS THAT ARE CUT OFF
ACROSS OUR COUNTRY AND COFFEE
SHOPS AND FAST FOOD -- NOW WE
KNOW NEIGHBORHOODS ARE NOT ONE
SIZE FITS ALL AND LOOK AT ACCESS
AND POWER AND PRIVILEGE
EFFECTING ACCESS TO SITES AND
INVESTIGATE STRUCTURAL RACISM
SEXISM AND CLASSISM AND WE RUN
AND RACE AND GENDER EDUCATION
SPECIFIC MODELS COMPARED TO ASCS
OF MODELS AND WHAT CAME OUT IS
THAT ALLOWING THE FULL SET. SO,
ALL 13 TO 15 NEIGHBORHOOD
DRIVERS OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION TO
VARY BY GENDER RACE AND
EDUCATION DIDN'T YIELD
SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENTS TO FULL
MODEL CAUTIONING EARLY AND
EXPLORATORY APPROACH AND LOOKING
AT INDIVIDUAL FEATURES THEY
DIFFERED BY GROUP AND BLACK
PARTICIPANTS IN STUDY HIGHER
NUMBER OF ORGANIZATIONS IN
NEIGHBORHOOD WITH SIGNIFICANT
AND POSITIVE ASSOCIATION WITH
COGNITIVE FUNCTION THAT AFFIRM
RESEARCH WE HAVE SEEN IN
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH HOW SITES
AND FORMAL SUPPORT AND CARE
AMONG BLACK COMMUNITIES AND
DIDN'T WANT TO ALTER TESTS AND
RESULTS AND SEE AS OPPORTUNITY
FOR US AND OTHERS TO EXPLORE
NEIGHBORHOOD COMPLEXITIES AND
THEY'LL COGNITIVE AGING.
ALL TOGETHER WE ARE ABLE TO
BUILT UP THU THAT WHAT IS
IMPORTANT ABOUT THIS WORK IS WE
ARE MOVING BEYOND NEIGHBORHOODS
AS POLLUTING SITES FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS AND
ABLE TO IDENTIFY CONSTELLATION
OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE
NEIGHBORHOOD FEATURES LINKED TO
HEALTHY COGNITIVE AGING AND ARE
ABLE TO MOVE BEYOND MEASURES OF
SES AND THIS WORK LET'S US ASK
HOW IS A NEIGHBORHOOD
UNDERSERVED AND WHAT SITES ARE
MISSING AND WHAT ARTS CULTURE
RECREATION SUPPORT WHAT IS
MISSING FROM A NEIGHBORHOOD AND
WHAT IS THERE TO BUILD UP AND
SUPPORT HEALTH AND AGING IN OUR
COMMUNITY.
NOW, THERE IS A LOT OF NEXT
STEPS AND I'M EXCITED TO TAKE
AND HOPE THAT OTHERS WILL TAKE
AS WELL IN FURTHERING THIS TYPE
OF RESEARCH AND I WILL EXPLAIN A
FEW IN THE REFT OF THE TALK.
SO, AT FIRST IT IS IMPORTANT TO
ME AND COLLEAGUES NOT JUST TO
DEVELOP PAPERS AND GRANTS OFF
THIS BUT CREATE USEFUL
INFORMATION TO HELP FOLKS INFORM
COMMUNITY DECISIONS AND UPSTREAM
NEIGHBORHOOD DEMONSTRATION AND
MORE CRITICALLY ABOUT
[INDISCERNIBLE] AND CREATING
PUBLIC WEBSITE AND
[INDISCERNIBLE] AND WE SCORED
EVERY NEIGHBORHOOD WHILE --
WELL, SORRY EVERY URBAN AND
SUBURBAN CENSUS TRACT ACROSS THE
US AND GAVE A COGNITIVE SCORE
AND BASED ON ANALYSIS WHAT IS
THERE AND NOT THERE. ARE THERE
OVERCONCENTRATIONS OF HIGHWAYS
OR FAST FOOD THAT LET US SCORE
CENSUS TRACKS. YOU CAN PULL UP
WEBSITE TYPING ADDRESS AND
LIVING IN URBAN OR SUBURBAN AREA
YOU CAN SEE SCORES IN THAT AREA
IF YOU DON'T LIKE SCORE MANY
LIMITATIONS I MYSELF AM
FRUSTRATED WITH THE SCORE AND
EVEN THOUGH I LIVE HERE IT CUT
ME OFF WHICH IS A LIMITATION OF
THIS WORK AND AREAS TO RESEARCH
AND HERE YOU CAN SEE EXAMPLE.
WE HAVE DOWNTOWN DETROIT IS A
ZONE OF HIGH COGNITIVABILITY
HERE SURROUNDED BY PATCHWORK OF
LOWER AND MIXED COGNITIVABILITY
SCORES AND ACCOUNTS FOR LOWER
SES AND IDENTIFY SPECIFIC AREAS
WORKING WITH SERVICE PROVIDERS
TO TARGET WHERE TO PUT IN
SERVICES AMENITIES PRIORITIZING
-- UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN IS
HERE AND LARGELY BLUE AND
SURPRISING IN WAYS AND THERE IS
AREAS AGAIN WE CAN TARGET IN
MORE RESOURCE AND AFFLUENT
AREAS.
I WANT TO KNOW WHAT
COGNITIVABILITY MEANS TO THESE
FOLKS AND RESEARCH IS BASED UPON
URBAN AND SUBURBAN HYPOTHESES
AND DOES THIS APPLY TO RURAL
COMMUNITIES FOR EXAMPLE -- THERE
IS 4500 FOLKS LIVING THERE YOU
CAN SEE RED DOTS SCATTERED
ACROSS THE COUNTRY.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF PERSON AND
PLACED CONTEXT.
COGNITIVABILITY IS BASED ON THIS
ANALYSIS AND HOPE THAT IT IS
SOMETHING THAT WE NEED TO TEST
AND THINK ABOUT IN US-BASED
COHORTS AND INTERNATIONAL
COHORTS AND FORCED TO RECEIVE
K99R00 TO VALIDATE AND EXTEND
COGNITIVABILITY IN THE HEALTH
AND RETIREMENT STUDY AND WORK TO
BUILD A CONCEPT AND COVID-19
CHANGED WHAT NEIGHBOR YRHOODS
LOOK LIKE AND OLDER ADULTS USE
FOR NEIGHBORHOODS AND
IMPLICATIONS OF COGNITIVE HEALTH
AND MIXED METHODS WORK AND
[INDISCERNIBLE] COPING STUDY TO
INVESTIGATE WHAT ARE POTENTIALLY
FUNDAMENTAL LONG-TERM CHANGES TO
ACCOUNT FOR IN COGNITIVABILITY
WORK AND ONE EXAMPLE IS THAT IT
DOESN'T INCLUDE INTERNET ACCESS
THAT IS NOT UNIFORM ACROSS OUR
COUNTRY SOME URBAN AREAS WE
DON'T HAVE HIGH-SPEED INTERNET
ACCESS AND ARE QUESTIONS TO LOOK
AT AND RUNNING ANALYSIS AGAIN
GIVEN LAST MINUTE MIXED MESSAGE
RESULTS AND HEALTH AND
RETIREMENT STUDY AND IN FUTURE
DO MIXED METHODS WORK TO GROUND
INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT AND
HARMONIZE STUDIES TAKING INTO
INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT.
THE LAST I HAVE LOTS OF IDEAS IN
THIS WORK THAT IS ALSO FROM
ANOTHER JUST SLIGHTLY AMBITIOUS
IDEA. IT IS THAT SO MUCH
COGNITIVE HEALTH HAS BEEN SET BY
TIME YOU REACH 65 OR EVEN 50.
ALSO, NEIGHBORHOODS ARE
COMPLICATED LIVING IN DIFFERENT
PLACES ACROSS OUR LIVES WHERE
POTENTIALLY DIFFERENT IMPACTS IN
HEALTH AND WELL-BEING AND IN
EARLY STAGES PUTTING TOGETHER
THIS R01 APPLICATION AND MIXED
METHOD AS PROECH -- INTERVIEWS
TO ASK PEOPLE WHERE MATTERS TO
ENGAGE IN HEALTHY COGNITIVE
AGING BEHAVIORS AT WHAT SCALE
AND DIFFERENT POINTS OF THE LIFE
COURSE AND RUNNING PILOT
INTERVIEWS THIS SUMMER ACROSS
METROPOLITAN AREA AND TAKE THAT
PUTTING INTO TESTABLE
QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATES IN LARGE
AGING SAMPLES KNOWING THAT
PEOPLE HAVE LIVED ACROSS ENTIRE
LIFE FORCE AND ADDRESS SOMEONE
LIVED FOLLOW THROUGH TIME AND
REPORTED ADDRESSES TO US AND
LINK TO COGNITIVE AGING
TRAJECTORIES TO BUILD A STORY
WHERE THEY LIVED AND MATTER
ACROSS HEALTHY LIFE COURSE FOR
COGNITIVE AGING AND QUICK THANKS
TO PARTICIPANTS IN REGARDS STUDY
AND WHO HAVE GIVEN SO MUCH TIME
AND CARE AND EFFORT TO THIS AND
ALSO THANK YOU TO AMAZING FOLKS
AT ISR AT MICHIGAN AND AMAZING
MENTOR AND INCLUDING NIH AND
MICHIGAN INSTITUTE FOR CLINICAL
HEALTH RESEARCH AND RESEARCH
CENTER REC PROGRAM AND I WILL
PUT HERE I HAVE MIXED METHODS
BUILDING BLOCK PAPERS MULTI-YEAR
EFFORT TO BUILD CONCEPT AND
IDEAS AND THERE IS PAPERS HERE
TO LEARN MORE AND LINKS BETWEEN
NEIGHBORHOODS MRARND HEALTH
BEHAVIORS AND GOT FANCY
MAINTAINING Q.R. CODE THAT IS UP
THERE TOO AND HOPE IT GOES TO
THE RIGHT PLACE. THANKS VERY
MUCH. I APPRECIATE IT.
>>ALL RIGHT. THANK YOU. THAT
WAS A FANTASTIC PRESENTATION AND
WE APPRECIATE IT. WE HAVE
SEVERAL QUESTIONS COMING IN
THROUGH THE VIDEOCAST AND WONDER
IF ANYONE IN PERSON WOULD LIKE
TO POSE A QUESTION. IF NOT I
WILL GO INTO THE VIRTUAL
QUESTIONS.
>>I WILL ASK ABOUT COFFEE SHOPS
AND FAST FOOD AND WHAT IS GOING
ON WITH THOSE.
>>WE DID A TEST RUN PAPER THAT
WAS COFFEE SHOPS AND FOOD AND
TALKED ABOUT SITES THAT FOLKS
COULD GO TO GET COFFEE AND SIT
FOR AN HOUR SOME WALKABLE PLACES
TO GET TO LED TO TEST IT AND
ISOLATION COFFEE SHOPS AND FAST
FOOD HAD SIGNIFICANT POSITIVE
ASSOCIATION WITH COGNITIVE
HEALTH AND SEPARATED THEM AND
JUST DID FAST FOOD AND WAS HARD
TO SEPARATE THEM AND FOLKS USED
MCDONALDS TO GET THAT CUP OF
COFFEE AND NOT SEPARATE IN WAY
THAT FOLKS WOULD USE IT AND
BROUGHT CATEGORY SOCIAL
INFRASTRUCTURE NO. 2 PAPER UP
THERE BROUGHT IN CATEGORY
QUALITATIVE RESULTS TO INCLUDE
RESTAURANTS AND EATERIES AND
DINING PLACES BECOMING
INSIGNIFICANT AND DIDN'T SEE
ANYTHING AND FULL MODEL PUT
EVERYTHING IN THERE ACCOUNTING
FOR NEIGHBORHOOD FEATURES
BECOMING A NEGATIVE ASSOCIATION.
COUPLE IDEAS WHY IT MIGHT BE
MAYBE IN FULL MODEL OF COGNITIVE
ABILITY TO SOCIALIZE AND WALK TO
AND ASPECTS FOR FAST FOOD AND
WHAT TYPES OF FOOD WOULD BE
CONSUMED THERE AND WEIGHS MORE
AND PERHAPS WE HAVE PAPERS THAT
CHANGED MEASUREMENT AS THEY HAVE
GONE AND TEST RUN THOUGHT PAPER
ARE KERNEL DENSITIES CREATING
HEAT MAP FOR NEIGHBORHOODS AND
HIGHER PEAKS AND PUTTING PEOPLE
ON A MAP AND APPROACH BLEW UP
MODEL AND WERE NOT APPROPRIATE
MEASUREMENT TO MATCH PEOPLE'S
LIVED EXPERIENCES AND ONE FINAL
THOUGHT IS PLACES WITH HIGH
CONCENTRATIONS WITH COFFEE SHOPS
FOR EXAMPLE ARE NOT NECESSARILY
SERVING OLDER ADULTS DOWN IN
STARBUCKS IN HOTEL NO ADULTS
THERE HIGHER CONCENTRATION MANY
COULD CHOOSE FROM NOT SITES
RESULTS TO GATHER SOCIALIZE AND
GRAB A CUP OF COFFEE AND CHAT
AND WAY THAT YOUNGER GENERATIONS
USE COFFEE SHOPS IS DIFFERENT
FROM OLDER FOLKS THAT TELL ME
I'M NOT GOING TO STARBUCK NOZ
THE MY SPACE BUT WILL GO TO THAT
IMPORTANCE AND MCDONALDS AND SIT
WITH FOLKS I KNOW TO CHAT WITH
THEM AND DIFFERENCES
GENERATIONALLY IN HOW WE USE
THESE PLACE.
>>THANK YOU FOR THAT RESPONSE.
WE HAVE ANOTHER. STEPHANIE,
PLEASE GO AHEAD.
>>STEPHANIE GEORGE FROM NIH AND
LOVELY PRESENTATION AND I'M A
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY RESEARCHER.
>>THANK YOU.
>>I WANT TO TALK TO YOU ABOUT
THE LIFE COURSE PIECE AND
EXTENSION OF WORK AND HOW YOU
CAN THINK ABOUT --
>>GREAT QUESTION.
>>THANK YOU.
I THINK I LIVE A
MULTIGENERATIONAL LIFE WITH
FAMILY AND I THINK THAT WAYS
THAT WE HELP TO BUILD AND EXTEND
WORK IS THE DIFFERENT SITES WILL
MATTER I THINK. I HAVE HEARD IN
JUST ANECDOTAL CONVERSATIONS
WITH IMPORTANCE OF PARKS FOR
YOUNGER GENERATIONS AND ABOUT
WALKABILITY AND SCHOOL TRANSIT
INFRASTRUCTURE FOR YOUNGER KIDS
AND OLDER OR MIDDLE AGED ADULTS
TALKING ABOUT GYM NEARBY WITH
SUBSIDIZED PROGRAM FOR FOLKS AND
LAYERS OF ACCESSIBILITY TO BUILD
IN THIS WORK AND WE ARE USING
GEOGRAPHIC ACCESS NOW AND HOPE
TO GIVE OPPORTUNITIES ACROSS
LIFE COURSE ASS WELL AS BUILDING
ECONOMIC ACCESS AND ACCESS OF
STRUCTURAL RACISM AND CLASSISM
AND THINK WE WILL SEE DIFFERENT
SITES MATTER ACROSS LIFE COURSE
AND SCALES OF THOSE MATTER GIVEN
MOBILITY AND TRAVEL PATTERNS AND
GREAT HRS HAS WHERE FOLKS LIVE
FOR EXAMPLE AND THINKING ABOUT
WORK AND ZONE BETWEEN WORK PLACE
AND HOME PLACE AND THERE IS WAYS
TO BUILD IN DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF
YOUR LIFE MOVING THROUGH THE
LIFESPAN IN THIS MOVING FORWARD.
GREAT QUESTION.
>>ALL RIGHT. THANK YOU SO MUCH
DR. FINLEY THAT IS ALL TIME WE
HAVE FOR QUESTIONS AND WE
APPRECIATE YOUR PRESENTATION AND
CONGRATULATIONS.
>>THANK YOU.
>>[APPLAUSE].
>>ALL RIGHT. I WOULD NOW LIKE
TO WELCOME TED WHO IS AN
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT ARIZONA
STATE UNIVERSITY AND INCOMING
PROFESSOR AT RUSH UNIVERSITY
MEDICAL CENTER.
HIS RESEARCH PROGRAM FOCUSES ON
MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS DR. ANG
EARNED A PHD IN PSYCHOLOGICAL
MEDICINE.
HE WAS A RESEARCH FELLOW AT DUKE
IF UNIVERSITY AT SINGAPORE AND
INVESTIGATING BIOLOGICAL
PATHWAYS UNDERPINNING
LONGITUDINAL ASSOCIATION AND YOU
ARE WELCOME TO BEGIN.
I WILL TEST THIS. HI,
EVERYBODY. GOOD AFTERNOON. LET
ME JUST SAY.
THANK YOU FOR THE INTRODUCTION
AND THANK YOU NIH FOR ACTUALLY
AWARDING THIS TO [INDISCERNIBLE]
AND THIS IS A DREAM AWARD.
THANK YOU. TALKING ABOUT
LONELINESS THAT IS ISSUE
AGGRAVATED BY PANDEMIC AND
SPECIFICALLY WOULD LIKE TO
INVESTIGATE LONELINESS GETTING
UNDER SKIN A LOT MIGHT BE AWARE
US SURGEON GENERAL RECENTLY PUB
CRIEDS THAT LONELINESS IS A
PUBLIC ISSUE AND HAS BEEN
EFFECTING OLDER ADULTS AND
PANDEMIC AND NOT JUST IT IS NO
THE JUST SOCIAL ISSUE AND CAN
IMPACT THE HALF OF OLDER ADULTS
AND [INDISCERNIBLE] AS MOST HERE
PROBABLY KNOW.
ASSOCIATION ITSELF AND THIS IS
ALSO SO-CALLED SUPPORTED BY
EVOLUTIONARY [INDISCERNIBLE] --
IN RESPONSE TO STRESSORS THAT
LONELINESS IS ONE OF THEM.
BECAUSE OF STRESSORS AND
PHYSIOLOGICAL DEREGULATION BUILD
CHRONIC CONDITIONS AS WELL AND
FOR SIMPLICITY SAKE I WILL HAVE
[INDISCERNIBLE] OF CEI FOR NOW
AND [INDISCERNIBLE] MANY OTHER
REVIEW PAPERS HAVE BEEN
SUGGESTED AND LACK OF EMPIRICAL
DATA AND UNDERLYING MECHANISM
AND I MEAN BY THAT HOW DOES
LONELINESS GET UNDER THE SKIN
MEANING THAT UNDERLYING PATHWAY
FROM LONELINESS TO COGNITIVE
IMPAIRMENT.
AS MOST ARE PROBABLY AWARE
REPORT OF NATIONAL ACADEMY IN
2002 HIGHLIGHTED THIS AS WELL.
THIS IS IN RESPONSE TO THAT
REPORT. HERE IS A WORRY THAT IS
KIND OF BACKGROUND OF STATE OF
THE ART. YOU SEE LONELINESS AND
RISKS OF DEMENTIA IS
[INDISCERNIBLE] AND TO BE HONEST
IS CONFLICTING DATA AND SOME
DATA SET DID NOT FIND THERE IS A
SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION OR
ASSOCIA
ASSOCIATION.
YOU CAN SEE MOST OF THESE PAPERS
CORRELATE OR ASSOCIATE TO
[INDISCERNIBLE] INSTEAD OF ALL 3
CONSTRUCT TOGETHER. LONELINESS
AND DEMENTIA AND LO ENLINESS AND
INFLAMMATION AND INFLAMMATION
AND DATA HAS BEEN
[INDISCERNIBLE] AS WELL AND LOTS
OF TIMES NOT ONE REACHING AND
CONNECTING WITH ONE CONSTRUCT
AND STUDY AND WHAT WE ARE TRYING
TO DO HERE. APART FROM THAT
KNOWLEDGE WE CAN SEE METHOD
LOGICAL ISSUES THAT WE KIND OF
TRY TO ADDRESS IN THIS STUDY.
YOU SEE AS I MENTIONED
PHYSIOLOGICALLY MOST OF THE
STUDY HAS BEEN INFERRED BECAUSE
THEY HAVE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN
LONELINESS AND BIOMARKERS AND
HAVE COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT LIKELY
AND THIS INFERENCE WOULDN'T BE
-- IT IS NECESSARY BUT NOT
SUFFICIENT AND YOU NEED FREQUENT
CONSTRUCTS TOGETHER TO SEE
PATHWAY OR IT IS A CAUSAL
INFERENCE THAT A LOT OF TIME
MAKES BASED ON
CROSS-ASSOCIATION.
SO, YOU CAN SEE OTHER METHOD
LOGICAL ISSUE INCLUDING
CONTINUOUS COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING
SCORE AND NOT SAYING THAT IS NOT
IMPORTANT BUT I WAS CHAMPIONED
THAT THIS CONNECTIVITY STATUS
NORMAL CONDITIONS AND DEMENTIA
WOULD BE INFORMATIVE TO
CLINICIANS AS WELL.
AND ACTUALLY ONE RECENT STUDY
THAT IS FIRST STUDY IN FIELD
THEY MENTION [INDISCERNIBLE]
THAT IS MEASURE FINDING MEASURE
DID NOT MEDIATE THIS LONELINESS
AND CI RELATIONSHIP AND TWO
STUDIES FOLLOWING THAT AND URGE
FUTURE STUDY TO USE TARGETED
ASSESSMENT SUCH AS INDIVIDUAL
BIOMARKERS AND IMPORTANT ONE IS
INFLAMMATORY MARKERS AND ACROSS
THESE CONFOUMDING EFFECTS AND SO
THIS BRINGS ME TO THIS STUDY AND
AIM IS TO USE HAD TO SEE WHETHER
FIVE DIFFERENT BIOMARKERS
INCLUDING THOSE LISTED HERE
INFLAMMATORY AND CARDIOVASCULAR
BIOMARKERS AND YOU ARE FAMILIAR
WITH [INDISCERNIBLE] HERE I
ASSUME.
THOSE ARE THE ONE OF THE FIRST
BIOMARKERS THAT HRS
[INDISCERNIBLE] ARE LOTS MORE
BIOMARKERS COMING OUT LATER ON
AND HERE IS A MODEL YOU CAN SEE
I TRY TO ASSOCIATE BIOLOGICAL
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL MODEL
AND LIFKED OF THREE
CONSTRUCTIONS TOGETHER IN ONE
MODEL AND SEEING WHETHER
LONELINESS GETS UNDER THE SKIN
BY EFFECTING PHYSIOLOGICAL
DISREGULATION INDICATED BY
BIOMARKERS THAT IS LIKE I
MENTIONED USING THIS WE USE
THREE WAVES IN DATA SET AND
PARTICIPANTS WERE NATIONALLY
REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF OLDER
ADULTS AGE 50 AND OVER. WE
EXCLUDED DEMENTIA TO PREVENT
THIS CAUSALITY AND THIS FINAL
EXAMPLE INCLUDE SLIGHTLY MORE
THAN 7,000 PARTICIPANTS AND YOU
CAN SEE WELL THIS IS NOT EXACTLY
THE AGE 7 THAT IS TOO YOUNG. IT
IS ABOUT 67, I BELIEVE.
AND ALSO 57% ARE NOT FEMALE.
AND METHOD OF COURSE I HAVE BEEN
[INDISCERNIBLE] WE HAVE THREE
DIFFERENT MEASURES OF CONSTRUCT
AND USE THESE SKILLS AND FIVE
BIOMARKERS EXAMINE HRS AND TAKES
AND TAKES WE CAN BASED ON CUTOFF
CATEGORIZE PARTICIPANTS INTO
THREE CATEGORIES AND THEY ARE
COGNITIVELY HEALTHY AND DEMENTIA
AND DEFINE CIND OR NCI AND
DEMENTIA INTO CI.
IT IS CONNECTIVE IMPAIRMENT AND
STATISTICS USING [INDISCERNIBLE]
AND IMPORTANTLY WE HAVE THREE
MODELS SO SEQUENTIAL MODEL
INCLUDING [INDISCERNIBLE] ADDING
SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH
STATUS AND IS ONE OF THE FIRST
RESULTS AND SO COMPLICATED
ANALYSIS WE TRIED TO SEE WHETHER
ASSOCIATION THAT THIS STUDY HAVE
FOUND ALSO THAT WERE REPLICATED
IN THE HAD. ARE. S SAMPLE AND
WE FOUND THAT ALL THREE
CONSTRUCT BASED ON SO-CALLED
CORRELATION METRICS AND ARE ALL
SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH
EACH OTHER INCLUDING LONELINESS
AND COGNITIVE STATUS AND
LONELINESS AND BIOMARKERS AND
BIOMARKERS AND COGNITIVE STATUS.
SO, COMPLICATED MODEL WE DO
FIRST A CROSS-SECTIONAL MODEL
AND WE WILL DO LONGITUDINAL
MODEL. YOU CAN SEE HERE THIS IS
A BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL FRAMEWORK AND
FIVE DIFFERENT BIOMARKERS
MEASURED IN HRS. THIS DOESN'T
REALLY SHOW YOU A LOT OF THINGS.
SO, WHAT I'M TRYING TO SAY IS
THAT A LOT OF TIMES WE WILL
THINK THAT WHEN CANDIDATE
BIOMARKERS WOULD BE SO-CALLED
PHYSIOLOGICAL DISREGULATION.
HOWEVER, WE FOUND THAT
[INDISCERNIBLE] FOR CO-VARIATES
ONE BIOMARKER HDL SIGNIFICANTLY
ASSOCIATE THESE RELATIONSHIPS
AND KEEP IN MIND CROSS-SECTIONAL
NOT LONGITUDINAL MODEL THIS IS
MEANS FINDING OF THIS STUDY AND
THAT COULD BE SAME MODEL WHEREAS
WE HAVE LONELINESS AT BASELINE
AND BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS AT
SECOND FOLLOW UP AND COGNITIVE
IMPAIRMENT AT THIRD FOLLOW UP
THAT IS LONGITUDINAL MODEL AND
FOUND USING SAME BIOMARKERS
AFTER CONTROLLING FOR ALL
CO-VARIATES IN FINAL MODEL THERE
IS NO SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION OF
BIOMARKER WITH ANY MEASURE AND
THIS MODEL DID NOT HOLD UP AFTER
CONTROLLING FOR COVID RISKS AND
HIGHLIGHTING COVID RISKS
WEAKENING ASSOCIATION IS TWO AND
ONE IS [INDISCERNIBLE] HEALTH
AND OTHER IS CHRONIC CONDITIONS
OR COMORBIDITIES THAT IS
REASONABLE THAT I WILL EXPLAIN
LATER ON.
THIS IS A BRIEF SUMMARY OF
FINDING AND ALL THREE
CONSTRUCTIONS ARE SIGNIFICANTLY
ASSOCIATED WITH EACH OTHER AS A
PAIR AND SECOND ONE AS YOU CAN
SEE LDL WAS SIGNIFICANT THIS IS
KIND OF SIGNIFICANT IN THE
UNADJUST AND PARTIALLY ADJUSTED
MODEL AND FULLY ADJUSTED WAS NOT
SIGNIFICANT AND HOW DO WE MAKE
SENSE OF THESE FINDINGS?
AS I ELUDED TO HEALTH STATUS
COVID RISK AS [INDISCERNIBLE]
HEALTH AND CHRONIC CONDITIONS
ATTENUATED MEDIATIONAL
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HB1C.
THIS IS SUPPORTED BY PREVIOUS
FINDING BECAUSE METHOD ANALYSIS
SHOW FINDING IN LONELINESS THAT
HAS BEEN CONFOUNDED BY OTHER
CO-VARIATES AND CONFOUNDERS AND
CONTROLLING THEN RELATIONSHIP
WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IS
WHEN OTHER HEALTH OUTCOMES
WEREN'T SIGNIFICANT.
SO SOCIO ISOLATION IN STATE HAS
BEEN FOUND TO BE CONSISTENTLY
ASSOCIATED WITH COGNITIVE
IMPAIRMENT AND OTHER OUTCOMES
AFTER FULLY CONTROLLING FOR
BUNCH OF CO-VARIATE AND SOCIAL
ISOLATION IS BETTER TARGET
LONELINESS TARGET FOR OLDER
ADULTS AND ACROSS AS MENTIONING
IN THE FIRST POINT THERE MIGHT
BE POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVE
UNDERPINNING PATHWAY AND HEALTH
S
STATUS IS A MEDIATOR.
THIS LEAD ME TO QUESTION WHETHER
HEALTH STATUS IS A NECESSARY
MEDIATOR IN LONGITUDINAL
RELATIONSHIP AND INSTEAD OF
BIOMARKERS THIS IS COST RELATED
TO BIOMARKERS AND DON'T BELONG
TO CATEGORY OF BIOMARKERS
FOCUSING ON THAT INSTEAD AND
QUESTION TO ASK MYSELF.
[INDISCERNIBLE] CAUSALITY IN
THAT PEOPLE WITH COGNITIVE
IMPAIRMENT HAVING HIGH LEVEL OF
CERTAIN BIOMARKERS AND PERHAPS
BECAUSE OF THAT THEY HAVE A
HIGHER LONELINESS LEVEL THAT IS
OUT OF THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY
AND WE TRY TO MITIGATE THAT
USING SOME STUDY SIGN.
SO, THESE ARE CONCLUSIONS AND
IMPLICATIONS AND WE CONTRIBUTED
TO FOUR DIFFERENT LESSONS FOR
FUTURE STUDY AND MOST IMPORTANT
ONE IS BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
RELATING THREE CONSTRUCTS OF
DIFFERENT NATURE INTO ONE STUDY
AND CHECK -- ALSO VALIDATE
WHETHER THEORY IS ACTUALLY
SO-CALLED SUPPORTED BY DATA AND
CO-FOUNDERS THAT ARE IN
LONELINESS RESEARCH AND WE CAN'T
EXTRAPOLATE FINDINGS ON
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CONSTRUCT
INFERRING COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
AND OTHER OUTCOMES THAT YOU NEED
THREE IN ONE STUDY TO
EXTRAPOLATE OR I WOULD SAY TO
INTERPRET COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
OUTCOMES AND WE SUGGEST OTHER
MEDIATORS WORTH PURSUING AND
ORAL CONTRIBUTIONS FIRST STUDY
TO LINK TOGETHER TO UNDERSTAND
LONGITUDINAL RELATIONSHIPS AND
THESE ARE OTHER STUDIES I HAVE
PERFORMED RELATED TO GENERAL
BROAD TEAM OF SOCIAL
CONNECTEDNESS AND COMMITTED TO
PURSUING THESE RESEARCH AND YOU
CAN SEE THAT ONE OF THE PAPERS
IS ALSO A CO-AUTHOR HERE YOU CAN
SEE.
AND FUTURE DIRECTION FOR PROJECT
I'M WRITING NIH ON WHETHER 21 OR
01 SO I COULD USE FEEDBACK FROM
THE STAFF HERE.
IN THIS SO-CALLED NIH GRANT AND
BEFORE I TRY TO APPLY TO ARIZONA
[INDISCERNIBLE] THAT WAS PILOT
GRANT AND SCORE IS NOT BAD AND
NO ISSUE IN STUDY DESIGN THAT
WAS RAISED BY TWO REVIEWERS AND
ONE CONCERN IS NOVELTY OF STUDY
AND I HAVE COME UP WITH MODEL
AND HAVE RUN STUDIES BASED ON
DATA ON MODEL AND WHY DO I HAVE
TO REPLICATE STUDY?
I'M TRYING TO HAVE SCOPE OF
PROJECT TO BE LARGER
INCORPORATING PREVALENCIN
KRIDENCE MODEL TO GET A PROPOSAL
TO THE 21 ORE 01 MECHANISM AND
INCORPORATE HEALTH DISPARITY
FRAMEWORK IN PRESENTER AND
[INDISCERNIBLE] WILL ALSO TALK
ABO
ABOUT.
I WILL CONTROL FOR BIOMARKERS
AND A1D BIOMARKERS AND
BIOMARKERS AND WILL JOIN RAJ IN
A MONTH TIME AND COHORTS TO TAP
INTO AND THAT IS DEFINITELY
SOMETHING OF IMPORTANCE AND
CONSIDERATION AS WELL.
THAT MIGHT BE TOO DIFFERENT FOR
[INDISCERNIBLE] AND THAT IS ONE
THING AND WILL SEE WHETHER WE
WILL GO TO THAT AND LAST SLIDE
AND FUTURE DIRECTION FOR MY LAB.
I HAVE [INDISCERNIBLE].
FIRST ONE IS WHAT I PRESENTED SO
FAR TWO STUDIES TRYING TO GET
FUNDING FOR DATA AS WELL PILOT
DATA FROM SINGAPORE AND I
RELOCATED TO UNITED STATES 1.5
YEARS AGO. NIH IS NEW TO ME AND
OTHER FUNDING MECHANISMS AND UP
TO SPEED, I GUESS.
THIRD ONE IS ON AWARENESS
INTERVENTION AND SIMILAR TO
SECOND ONE INCORPORATE STUDY ON
LONG COVID AND BRAIN FOG AND
FUNDED BY ASU AND PILOT DATA ON
THAT. IDENTIFYING MECHANISM FOR
USING THIS DATA AND CAREER GOAL
IS TO SEE REDUCING INCIDENCE AND
BURDEN OF AD IN THE LONG RUN.
I WOULD LIKE TO [INDISCERNIBLE]
AND ALSO DO THIS ON OTHER PAPERS
I PUBLISH AND I WILL SHOW YOU
NOW AND I WOULDN'T BE HERE
WITHOUT CAREER MENTORS AND ALSO
THIS PAPER WOULDN'T BE POSSIBLE
WITHOUT HRS AND INVESTIGATOR AND
PARTICIPANTS AND I LEARNED TOED
THAT NIH STAFF AND OFFICER THAT
HAVE BEEN SUPPORTIVE OF HRS
ALONG WAY MANY YEARS AND ALSO IT
HAS BEEN GIVING LOTS OF GOOD
COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS.
AND FUNDING TO ME AND MY
COAUTHOR AND WOULD LIKE TO THANK
YOU FOR ATTENTION AND IF YOU
WOULD LIKE TO TAKE QUESTIONS.
>>ALL RIGHT. THANK YOU DR.
ANG. QUESTION FROM THE
AUDIENCE.
>>HI. THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR AN
INTERESTING TALK AND THANK YOU
FOR CALLING OUT PSYCHOSOCIAL AND
BIOLOGIC AS INTERACTING IN A
MODEL.
IT IS INTERESTING TO ME THROWING
IN A1C EFFECTS ONE WAY AND
QUESTION HAS TO DO WITH YOUR
MEASUREMENT OF THE BIOLOGIC AND
PSYCHOSOCIAL MARKERS AND IN
OTHER WORDS SECOND MODEL IS A
TIME COURSE I THINK YOU SAID.
YOU HAD MEASUREMENTS AT
DIFFERENT TIMES AND I WAS
WONDERING, AGAIN, HOW YOU USE
MEASUREMENTS WHETHER REPEATED OR
IF USING A1C REPEATEDLY AND DID
YOU USE AS A CONTINUOUS
VARIABLE?
I WILL SIT AND TAKE MY ANSWER.
THANK YOU.
>>THANK YOU. THIS IS A VERY
VALID QUESTION THAT GOES THROUGH
A LOT IN 50 MINUTES AND
APPRECIATE YOUR QUESTION AND ONE
FUTURE DIRECTION I DIDN'T
MENTION BECAUSE AS YOU ARE AWARE
THAT THERE ARE MANY BIOMARKERS
AND LONELINESS COULD BE CHANGING
FOR LONELINESS COULD BE
MOMENTARY AND THIS I FEEL LONELY
AND NEXT I WOULDN'T FEEL LONELY
AND SOMETHING THAT I NEED TO
ADDRESS INCLUDING ONE 21 OR
OLDER PROPOSAL I'M SUGGESTING WE
WOULD TRACK THEM LONGITUDINALLY
AND CHANGES IN MEASURE IN THIS
DISCRETE TIME POINT AND
ANSWERING QUESTION LONELINESS IS
AT BASELINE AND THIS WAS AT
TIMEPOINT AND COGNITIVE
IMPAIRMENT AT EAT YEAR TIME
POINT THAT ARE ALL DISCRETE.
EACH MEASURE BELONG TO ONE TIME
POINT SEPARATELY ACROSS TIME
CHANGE COULD BE IMPORTANT
BECAUSE OF REASON YOU ARE
THINKING OF.
>>[INDISCERNIBLE].
>>YEAH. DEFINITELY THE THING.
ONE THING I DIDN'T MENTION IS
THAT SO CALLED THEORETICAL
PROPOSITION BY HAWKLY AND THAT
HEALTH STATUS IS IN WAY
MEDIATING H1BC AND COGNITIVE
IMPAIRMENT AND THREE CONSTRUCT
AND NEEDING TO THROW IN 4TH
CONSTRUCT IN COMPLICATED
LONGITUDINAL MEDIATION MODEL.
DOES THAT ANSWER YOUR QUESTION?
>>ALL RIGHT. THANKS SO MUCH
AND THAT IS ALL TIME WE HAVE FOR
QUESTIONS AND THANKING YOU AGAIN
FOR YOUR FANTASTIC PRESENTATION
AND CONGRATULATIONS.
>>ALL RIGHT. WE WOULD LIKE TO
THANK ALL ESI HONOREES AGAIN.
WE WILL TAKE A 10 MINUTE BREAK.
PLEASE RETURN AT 10 -- EXCUSE
ME. 3:10 P.M. EASTERN TIME AND
AT THAT TIME ERICA WILL TAKE
OVER AND INTRODUCE THE
DISTINGUISHED LECTURE. PLEASE
TAKE YOUR BREAK. THANK YOU.
>>AT THE DEPARTMENT OF
NEUROLOGY THERE IS A LOT OF BITS
TO THIS. [INDISCERNIBLE]
COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND --
SORRY IF I BUTCHERED THAT AND
AUTHOR OF MORE THAN 200
SCIENTIFIC PAPERS AND RESEARCH
IS CRITICAL IN UNDERSTANDING
IMPACT OF AGING BRAIN AND
QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSION WILL
FOLLOW PRESENTATION AND WELCOME
QUESTIONS FROM VIRTUAL AND
IN-PERSON ATTENDEES.
>>RECORDING IN PROGRESS.
VIRTUAL ATTENDEES MIGHT SUBMIT A
QUESTION AT ANY TIME DURING THIS
AND SELECT SEND LIVE FEEDBACK
ICON ON NIH VIDEO CAST PAGE AND
ENTER COMMENT OR QUESTION THAT
WE WILL RECEIVE IN REAL-TIME.
THIS IS OUR FIRST IN-PERSON
EVENT IN A FEW YEARS AND HAPPY
TO ASK TO COME TO PODIUM TO
RECEIVE HER AWARD.
INSTEAD OF SPENDING TIME ON HER
BIOGRAPHY I WILL LET HER GET
STARTED. I THINK THAT I WILL DO
THIS.
>>ALL RIGHT. I'M ADMIRING MY
AWARD TOO MUCH. IT IS
BEAUTIFUL. THANKS SO MUCH,
EVERYONE.
I'M HUMBLED TO ACTUALLY BE THE
RECIPIENT OF THIS AWARD THAT IS
INTIMIDATING TO LOOK TO SEE WHO
HAS RECEIVED IT IN THE PAST.
I WANT TO THANK A NUMBER OF
PEOPLE THAT INFLUENCED MY WORK
IN THIS TALK.
COHORTS AND COLLEAGUES THAT SHOW
EVIDENCE FOR INFLUENCE AND
SOCIAL FACTORS FOR BRAIN HEALTH
AS WE GET OLDER AND ALZHEIMER'S
DISEASE AND DEMENTIAS AND GOAL
IS TO SHOW POTENTIAL PATHWAYS
AND ALSO INCREASE RESILIENCE YOU
WILL SEE IN THE TALK AND
POTENTIALLY IS A KEY PATHWAY TO
MAKING A DIFFERENCE IN THE
PREVALENCE IN COGNITIVE
IMPAIRMENT AS WE GET OLDER
INCREASING RESILIENCE TO
NEUROPATHOLOGY AND AFTER READING
A LITTLE MORE ABOUT DR. MATILDA
WHITE RILELY I SAW HOW HER
ADVOCACY AND ENTHUSIASM IN
INTHUZ AX CHANGES FACE IN
RESEARCH AND AGING AND I WILL
TAKE TIME TO TALK ABOUT WAYS TO
UPDATE INFRASTRUCTURE OF
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH TO
MAKE MORE ACCELERATED PROGRESS
IN AGING.
SO, HERE IS A MODEL.
BASICALLY THIS IS A MODEL THAT
CENTERS AND PRIORITIZES
FUNDAMENTAL STRUCTURAL CAUSES OF
INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH THAT ARE
RACISM AND SEXISM AND XENO
PHO
PHOBIA.
THEY ARE ON THE LEFT SIDE OF THE
MODEL AND ARE STRUCTURAL FORCES
THAT ARE TO BE SOCIAL
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH WHAT WE
THINK OF SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF
HEALTH IS DOWNSTREAM FROM
FUNDAMENTAL FORCES THAT CAUSE
IMBALANCE IN POWER AND IMBALANCE
IN ACCESS AND IN OPPORTUNITY AND
THESE EVENTUALLY DOWNSTREAM LEAD
TO DISPARITIES IN HEALTH AND WE
HEARD AMAZING TALKS EARLIER
TODAY THAT TALK ABOUT POTENTIAL
BIOLOGICAL MEDIATORS BETWEEN
SOCIAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS
AND HOW THEY RELATE TO LATER
LIFE COGNITION AND ONE THING I
WANT TO POINT OUT IS THAT
GENETICS AND HEALTH CARE ACCESS
ARE VERY MUCH DOWN THE ROAD HERE
IN THIS MODEL.
RED ARROWS ARE POINTING TO AND
THIS COMPUTER DID A FUNCTIONY
THING TO MY ARROWS THAT IS OKAY.
THEY ARE POTENTIALLY MODERATING
BETWEEN NEUROPATHOLOGY IN THE
BRAIN AND EXPERIENCE OF
COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN LIFE LA
LATER.
THIS IS ME LOOKING BACK INTO THE
OVERALL STRUCTURE AND HOW I
STARTED OUT IN THIS WORK AND WAS
REALLY AS A POST DOCTORAL FELLOW
ARRIVING IN NEW YORK CITY AT
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN 1996 AND
WAS FRESH OFF MY DISSERTATION
THAT I DID IN SAN DIEGO AND
DISSERTATION ADVISORS EGOR GRANT
AND BOB HEATON LET ME DO A
DISSERTATION WHERE GOAL WAS TO
HAVE ONLY BLACK PEOPLE ON MY
DISSERTATION OF NEUROLOGICAL --
AND -- IT MADE SENSE TO HAVE
BLACK PEOPLE IN MY DISSERTATION
THAT WASN'T COMMON IN THOSE DAYS
TO HAVE A DISSERTATION LIKE
THAT. I'M THANKING DISSERTATION
ADVISORS FOR -- WITHOUT, YOU
KNOW, ANY OF THAT DOUBT OR
HESITATION THAT REALLY GOES WITH
MY IDEA ALLOWING TO GROW TO THAT
AND CAME TO BE AT COLUMBIA
UNIVERSITY AND I WANTED TO HAVE
EXPERIENCE IN AGING AND WANTED
TO LOOK FOR A STUDY THAT HAD
BEEN SUCCESSFUL IN RECRUITING
AFRICAN AMERICAN AMERICAN AND
HISPANIC PARTICIPANTS AND LOOKED
AT PUB MED AT THE TIME AND
FORGET IF IT WAS OVID OR
SOMETHING AND LOOKED FOR STUDY
WITH MOST PARTICIPANTS THAT ARE
AFRICAN AMERICAN AND
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL DATA THAT IS
Y CAP STUDY IN WASHINGTON
HEIGHTS THAT IS AS A SAID IN 96.
SO, I CAME TO NEW YORK NOT
KNOW
KNOWING ABOUT AGING AND CULTURAL
EXPERIENCES WITHIN AFRICAN
AMERICANS AND HOW IT RELATED TO
COGNITIVE TEST PERFORMANCE AND
KNOWING I DIDN'T KNOW A LOT
ABOUT BLACK PEOPLE IN NEW YORK
CITY AND HAD OPPORTUNITY TO
VISIT PARTICIPANTS IN STUDY IN
THEIR HOMES ASKING QUESTIONS
ABOUT THEIR LIVES AND BACKGROUND
AND WHERE THEY GREW UP AND WENT
TO SCHOOL AND WHAT FAMILIES WERE
LIKE. I HAVE TO THANK
PARTICIPANTS FOR CHANGING COURSE
OF MY CAREER AND IN TALKING TO
THEM I LEARNED THAT MOST BLACK
PEOPLE LIVING IN NEW YORK CITY
NOW WEREN'T BORN AND RAISE THE
IN NEW YORK CITY BUT SOUTH
CAROLINA NORTH CAROLINA AND
VIRGINIA AND ARE LOTS OF
PATTERNS OF MIGRATION FROM THE
SOUTH IN THE GREAT MIGRATION
THAT IS WHERE BLACK PEOPLE
LIVING IN NEW YORK CITY MOSTLY
COME FROM THOSE STATES THAT TOLD
ME AMAZING STORIES ABOUT THEIR
EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE. FIRST,
THAT THE ALL-BLACK TEACHERS
INVESTED AND CARED ABOUT THEIR
EDUCATION DURING THE YEAR.
FUNDING AND FACT WORKING IN
FIELDS AND THE SCHOOL YEAR WAS
FOCUSED AND CLOSED DURING TIMES
OF HARVEST AND OTHER WORK THAT
HAD TO BE DONE AND WAS ONE THING
THEY TOLD ME STORIES LIKE THEY
WEREN'T ALLOWED TO DROP BOOKS ON
THE GROUND. BOOKS WERE SO
PRECIOUS THAT THEY NEED TODAY BE
KEPT IN TACT AND WERE HAND ME
DOWNS AND WORRIED ABOUT THE FATE
OF CHILDREN AND GRANDCHILDREN
WHO WERE IN SCHOOL WHERE'S THEY
WEREN'T SURE THAT TEACHERS HAD
SUCH AN INVESTMENT IN THEIR
LEARNING.
SO, YOU KNOW, THIS IS SUCH A
RICH, YOU KNOW, SOURCE OF
INFORMATION TO ME. I ACTUALLY
BECAME REALLY INTERESTED AND
OBSESSED ABOUT EDUCATIONAL
QUALITY AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST WE
HAVE LOOKED AT EDUCATIONAL
QUALITY FOR SOME TIME AND YEARS
OF EDUCATION AND HOW IT RELATED
TO COGNITIVE TEST PERFORMANCE
AND QUALITY HAD NOT BEEN
EXAMINED IN THE FIELD.
SO, THIS IS THE Y CAP STUDY AND
RICHARD WAS PI WHEN I STARTED
OFF AND NOW MPI WITH RICHARD
BRICKMAN AND OVER COURSE OF
YEARS STUDIED 6500 ADULTS THAT
THESE PEOPLE ARE MEDICARE
ELIGIBLE AND WE GET THEIR
INFORMATION AND WE HAVE GOTTEN
INFORMATION FROM CMS AND NOT
ANYMORE.
LOOKING AT JOHN KING IN THE PAST
AND CONTACTED THESE PEOPLE.
THEY ARE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE
CENSUS TRACKS THAT ARE AROUND
THE HOSPITAL AND ARE NOT A
CLINIC-BASED POPULATION BUT
COMMUNITY REPRESENTATIVE
POPULATION AND THIS WAS ALSO
REALLY CRITICAL FOR ME AS A
NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST HOW DIFFERENT
IT WAS FROM A NEURO PSYCHOLPSYC
-- CLINICS SPECIALIZING FOR
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND WHAT
THEY WERE FINDING IN THIS Y CAP
STUDY WHEN I ARRIVED WAS
DRAMATICALLY DIFFERENT THAN WHAT
OTHER STUDIES WERE FINDING IN
CLINICS AND ONE EXAMPLE OF THAT
IS THAT THEY FOUND THAT THE
[INDISCERNIBLE] 4 ALLELE WAS NOT
ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER RISK OF
DEVELOPING DEMENTIA IN BLACK AND
LATINX PEOPLE IN THE COHORT.
THAT WAS A GIVEN IN ALL OF THE
OTHER STUDIES THAT HAD INCLUDED
MOSTLY WHITE PEOPLE AND SO THAT
IS WASHINGTON HEIGHTS AND IN
WOOD AND CATCHMENT AREA AND
COHORT IS MOSTLY HISPANIC
PEOPLE. ALSO A GOOD NUMBER OF
PEOPLE THAT DESCRIBED THEMSELVES
AS NON-HISPANIC AND BLACK AND
NON-HISPANIC AND WHITE AND
THINGS WERE CUT OFF IN SLIDES A
LITTLE BIT AND WANT TO GIVE
THANKS TO REVIEWER 2 OF FIRST
R01.
ON THE APTA STUDY SECTION
WHEREVER YOU ARE AND WHOEVER YOU
ARE,
, YOU CHANGED MY LIFE AND ASKED
ABOUT PILOTING AND ASKED THEM
ABOUT SCHOOLING I WAS MEASURING
READING LEVEL AS A WAY OF TRYING
TO GET AT SCHOOL QUALITY OR
GRADE EQUIVALENT AS OPPOSED TO
THE ACTUAL NUMBER OF YEARS OF
SCHOOL AND LOOKING AT DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN NUMBER OF YEARS OF
SCHOOL AND THEIR READING LEVEL
AS AN INDICATOR OF SCHOOL
QUALITY. REVIEWER 2 SAID DON'T
YOU KNOW ABOUT ALL OF THE WORK
THAT HAS BEEN GOING ON IN THESE
OTHER FIELDS ON QUALITY OF
SCHOOL? NAME SOME RESOURCES FOR
ME IN PARTICULAR THIS PAPER BY
CARD AND CREWINGER THAT ARE
ECONOMISTS LOOKING AT CAROLINAS
AND COUNTIES IN NORTH AND SOUTH
CAROLINA AND FINDING INVESTMENT
IN BLACK SCHOOLS IN NORTH
CAROLINA IS DRAMATICALLY
DIFFERENT AND HIGHER IN
INVESTMENT IN BLACK SCHOOLS AND
SOUTH CAROLINA AND SORT OF
AGRICULTURE AND ECONOMIES AND
CHARACTERISTICS OF ECONOMIES ARE
SIMILAR OTHERWISE, BLACK MEN IN
COUNTIES WHERE THERE IS MORE
INVESTMENT HAD MUCH BETTER
PAYING JOBS AND MUCH HIGHER
STATUS JOBS THAN BLACK MEN
ATTENDING SCHOOLS IN LOWER
INVESTED COUNTIES.
PEOPLE LIKE ROBERT MARGO HAD
COLLECTED DATA AND PUBLISHED IT
IN A BOOK ON THESE SCHOOLS.
JAMES ANDERSON WROTE A BOOK
ABOUT, YOU KNOW, SORT OF THE
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM FOR BLACK
PEOPLE IN THE SOUTH.
AS WELL.
SO, AFTER READING THESE
RESOURCES, I PROPOSED IN ORDER
TO RESPOND TO MY REVIEWERS TO
COLLECT SOME OF THE HISTORICAL
ADMINISTRATIVE DATA.
AND I -- I WAS DOING THAT WITH
MY SMALL RESEARCH TEAM WHEN I
WAS INVITED TO BY TAYLOR HARDEN
WHO WAS A PROGRAM OFFICER AT NIA
AND HEAD OF OFFICE OF SPECIAL
POPULATIONS AT NIA TO GIVE A
TALK AT SUMMER AGING INSTITUTE
FOR RESEARCH THAT SHE HAD IT OUT
IN Y RIVER AND WE WERE TALK
BEING IT EARLIER IN MARYLAND.
AND IN READING THE ABSTRACTS OF
SOME OF THE TRAINEES WHO WOULD
BE THERE I SAW ONE BY MARIA WHO
WAS PROPOSING TO LOOK AT THESE
ADMINISTRATIVE DATA FOR HER
RESEARCH WHICH WAS I DON'T KNOW
IF IT WAS DEMENTIA AT THE TIME.
SHE WAS GOING TO LOOK AT HRS AS
HER COHORT.
SO, I MADE SURE I MADE A B-LINE
TO HER AT SUMMER AGING INSTITUTE
AND WE BEGAN A COLLABORATION
THAT IS STILL GOING ON TO
COLLECT SOME OLDER DATA FROM
SURVEYS ON EDUCATION WHERE THEY
PROVIDE YOU KNOW THIS
ADMINISTRATIVE DATA FOR BLACK
AND WHITE SCHOOLS FROM 1960S AND
70S.
BY THE WAY, ANOTHER PERSON I
WANT TO THANK IS MOLLY WAGSTER
WHO IS A PROGRAM OFFICER AT
DIVISION OF NEUROSCIENCE IN NIA
WHO REALLY ENCOURAGED ME TO KEEP
GOING AFTER GETTING MY INITIAL,
YOU KNOW, SCORE BUT NOT FUNDABLE
SCORE ON MY R01.
THIS IS WHAT DATA THAT MARIA AND
I COLLECTED THAT IT SORT OF
LOOKS LIKE.
IF YOU ARE BLACK AND GOING TO
SCHOOL IN SOUTH CAROLINA, SCHOOL
YEAR IS HALF AS LONG FOR YOU AS
IT IS FOR BLACK PEOPLE WHO WERE
GOING TO SCHOOL THAT IS ALL
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DATA AND BLACK
PEOPLE GOING TO SCHOOL IN NEW
YORK CITY AND WHITE PEOPLE IN
SAME STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND
THIS IS ELEMENTARY SCHOOL AND
YOU ARE SHARING CLASSROOM WITH
40 OR 50 OTHER CHILDREN. IF YOU
WERE BLACK AND IN DESEGREGATED
SCHOOLS IN THE SOUTHERN STATES.
THAT IS NOT A GOOD STUDENT
TEACHER RATIO IF ANYBODY IS
WONDERING.
WHAT WE FOUND IN OUR -- THOSE
INITIAL STUDIES IS THAT FIRST IF
YOU CHARACTERIZE SCHOOL QUALITY
AS I ORIGINALLY WANTED TO WITH
THIS READING LEVEL MEASURE, YOU
CAN, YOU KNOW, SEE THAT PEOPLE
IN THE STUDY REGARDLESS OF THEIR
RACE AND ETHNICITY WITH LOWER
READING LEVEL HAD A LOWER MEMORY
AT BASELINE AND MORE RAPID
DECLINE OVER TIME.
THEN WITH THOSE ADMINISTRATIVE
DATA, A COMPOSITE VARIABLE FOR
ADMINISTRATIVE DATA AND STUDENT
TEACHER RATIOS PER PEOPLE
EXPENDITURES THAT ATTENDANCE
RATIO, YOU COULD USE THOSE DATA
TO COME UP WITH A COMPOSITE
CHARACTERIZING Y CAP
PARTICIPANTS HAVING LOW EARLY
LIFE EDUCATIONAL QUALITY OR HIGH
EDUCATIONAL QUALITY SHANNON
WROTE THIS PAPER YOU CAN SEE
RANDOM TRAJECTORIES PULLED OUT
FOR THIS PAPER AND IS NOT A HUGE
DIFFERENCE IN SLOPE OVER TIME OR
CHANGE OVER TIME USING
ADMINISTRATIVE DATA AND
INTERCEPT IS MASSIVE. YOU ARE
LOOKING AT SEVERAL YEARS OF AGE
OF BENEFIT.
MEMORY SCORE OR HIGHER QUALITY
OF SCHOOL REGARDLESS OF RACE AND
FOUND OPERATIONALIZING QUALITY
AS READING LEVEL MEASURE
ACCOUNTED FOR THE INNO QUALITIES
IN INCIDENT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
IN LONGITUDINAL STUDIES THAT WE
HEARD IN ONE OF THE EARLIER
TALKS WHAT YOU -- WHAT YOU WOULD
DO IS IN LONGITUDINAL STUDIES IS
ELIMINATE EVERYBODY FROM
BASELINE WITH DEMENTIA AND
FOLLOWING OVER TIME TO SEE WHO
DEVELOPED DEMENTIA LOOKING AT
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE INCIDENTS.
WE FOUND THAT TYPICALLY THIS IS
TRUE OF MANY OTHER STUDIES
INCLUDING Y CAP THAT AFRICAN
AMERICANS IN STUDY WERE ABOUT
TWO TO 2.5 MORE TIMES LIKELY TO
DEVELOP ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AT
FOLLOW UP NOT EXPLAINED BY
EDUCATION ALONE AND ACCOUNTED
FOR READING LEVEL AND PROXY FOR
SCHOOL QUALITY WE COULD ACCOUNT
FOR THAT RACIAL DIFFERENCE IN --
IN RISK FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.
ANOTHER SOURCE OF EVIDENCE THAT
IS CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP Y CAP
STUDY WITH THREE DIFFERENT
RECRUITMENTS STUDYING WITH
ADULTS LONGITUDINALLY WITH
DIFFERENT BIRTH YEARS AND BIRTH
COHORTS YOU CAN STUDY AT SAME
AGE RECRUITING PEOPLE AGE 65
YEARS OF AGE OR OLDER TO FOLLOW
FOR SAME AMOUNT OF TIME AND
MATCHED TWO BIRTH COHORTS FOR
AGE AT STUDY AND IN STUDY AND
THEIR FOLLOW UP TIME AND FOUND
THAT PEOPLE IN LATER BIRTH
COHORT HAD AN ADVANTAGE.
MY POST DOC WHO IS AT UCSF
SHOWED LESS RAPID DECLINE FOR
THOSE BORN LATER AND THIS WAS
EVIDENT ACROSS ETHNIC AND RACIAL
GROUPS ACROSS Y CAP AND
EXPLAINED BY DIFFERENCES ACROSS
COHORTS IN EDUCATIONAL
ATTAINMENT YEARS OF EDUCATION
AND QUALITY OF EDUCATION AND
CHANGES IN EDUCATION AT TIME
PEOPLE WENT TO SCHOOL WAS
LARGELY DRIVEN BY CHANGES IN
COMPULSORY SCHOOL LAWS FOR
AMOUNT OF YEARS OF EDUCATION.
ALSO INVESTMENT IN SCHOOLS THAT
GIVES EVIDENCE THAT EDUCATIONAL
POLICIES HAVE A LONG TERM EFFECT
ON COGNITION LATER IN LIFE.
I'M SHOWING THE SAME -- YES!
SHE IS EXPLAINING ON REGARDS FOR
ME AND ANOTHER OPPORTUNITY TO
STUDY THESE POLICIES IS THE
REGARD STUDY FOR ALL OF THE
REASONS THAT DR. FINLEY
EXPLAINED IN HER EARLIER TALK.
PRIMARILY RESIDENTIAL HISTORY
MEASURE AND EVERY PLACE YOU HAVE
EVER LIVED TRACKING AT COUNTY
LEVEL WHERE PEOPLE WERE WHEN
THEY BEGAN SCHOOL AND WERE OF
SCHOOL AGE AND WHAT WE DID WITH
AUDREY AND MARIA AGAIN IS
INCLUDED OVER 20,000 PEOPLE IN
THE STUDY CREATING A COMPOSITE
OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCHOOL
VARIABLES I TALKED TO YOU ABOUT
BEFORE. WE CALL IT POLICY
PREDICTED YEARS OF EDUCATION.
NOT ACTUAL YEARS OF EDUCATION
BUT POLICY PREDICTED YEARS OF
EDUCATION GIVEN CONDITIONS IN
COUNTY WHEN PEOPLE WERE OF
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL AGE WE FOUND
MORE INVESTMENT THERE WAS IN
SCHOOLS IN COUNTY WHERE PEOPLE
GREW UP LOWER RISK WAS HAVING
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND REGARD
STUDY LATER IN LIFE THAT WAS
ESPECIALLY CASE IN WHITE MEN AND
IN WHITE WOMEN BUT NOT SUCH A
STRONG EFFECT IN BLACK PEOPLE
ESPECIALLY IN BLACK MEN YOU SEE
A DIFFERENCE IN RETURNS TO
SCHOOL QUALITY AND MARIA AND I
THINKING ABOUT WHAT IT IS ABOUT
SCHOOL POLICIES AND EDUCATIONAL
EXPERIENCE TO TRANSLATE TO LATER
LIFE COGNITIVE EFFECTS WROTE
COMMENTARY WHERE WE ARE THINKING
ABOUT IT IS NOT JUST BENEFIT TO
AN INDIVIDUAL FOR EXAMPLE MORE
TIME IN THE CLASSROOM AND LESS
TIME BEING YOU KNOW OUT SMOKING
OR BEING EXPOSED TO WORK
CONDITIONS THAT ARE REALLY
HARSH.
BUT, ALSO SCHOOLS ARE SORT OF A
NEIGHBORHOOD LEVEL RESOURCE
POTENTIAL OF BETTER EDUCATED
PEOPLE AND NUTRITION AND BETTER
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AND MORE
COMMUNITY RESOURCES COULD BE
FACILITATED THROUGH SCHOOLS.
SO, WE TALK ABOUT A COMMUNITY
AND ALSO BEING EFFECTED BY HIGH
QUALITY SCHOOLS AND HAVING
PEOPLE WHO ARE ATTAINING
EVENTUALLY MORE YEARS OF SCHOOLS
AS WELL AS HIGHER CREDENTIALS IN
THE COMMENTARY AND I WILL PUT IT
HERE TO TRIGGER THE IDEA THAT
THERE COULD BE MANY, MANY
DIFFERENT MECHANISMS AND WE
WON'T KNOW UNLESS THERE IS YOU
KNOW A STUDY THAT CAN UNDERSTAND
ALL THESE DIFFERENT LEVELS RIGHT
IN -- YOU KNOW, RIGHT WITH
REGARDS AND Y CAP WE ARE ASKING
PEOPLE ABOUT THEIR SCHOOL
EXPERIENCE AND GETTING
RESIDENTIAL HISTORY AND MAY NOT
KNOW. WE DON'T HAVE SCHOOL
BASED DATA ON THEM OR ASKING
THEM TO LOOK AT IT
RETROSPECTIVELY ON ALL THESE
DIFFERENT MECHANISMS THAT COULD
BE GOING ON. WE NEED ANOTHER
MODEL.
AND NOW I GET TO THANK YOU JOHN
KING FOR INTRODUCING ME TO THE
PROJECT TALENT STUDY THAT WAS A
STUDY OF SCHOOLS IN 1960.
AND OF THOSE CHILDREN IN THOSE
SCHOOLS AND IN 1960 THEY -- THE
NATIONAL CENTER FOR EDUCATION
RECRUITED 377,000 CHILDREN AND
REPRESENTATIVE IN SCHOOLS ACROSS
THE COUNTRY AND DID A FEW FOLLOW
UPS OVER TIME AND PROJECT TALENT
AGING STUDY ACTUALLY STARTED IN
2018 AND PROPOSED TO CONTACT A
REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF THOSE
PEOPLE NOW IN THEIR 70S.
AND YOU CAN SEE HOW STUDIES
PANNED OUT AT THE END AND WE
WERE ABLE TO GET COGNITIVE TEST
PERFORM
PERFORMANCE FROM 2300 PEOPLE
AND 2600 PEOPLE ANSWERS
QUESTIONNAIRES OVER THE PHONE
FOR US AND TALKING ABOUT LIFE
COURSE STUDY OF EDUCATION ALSO
THE OTHER PIECE OF IT IS THAT WE
KNOW WHO IS NOT WITH US.
WE KNOW WHO DIDN'T PARTICIPATE
AND WHO DIDN'T SURVIVE.
THAT IS INCREDIBLY IMPORTANT
WHEN YOU KNOW MAKING CONCLUSIONS
ABOUT EARLY LIFE PREDICTORS AND
LATER LIFE COGNITION.
-- BASICALLY WHAT WE FOUND IS
ASPECTS OF THE SCHOOLS THAT
RELATED TO BETTER COGNITION
LATER IN LIFE AND IN PARTICULAR
WERE NUMBER OF TEACHERS WITH
GRADUATE TRAINING AND PROPORTION
OF TEACHERS WITH GRADUATE
TRAINING IN SCHOOL AND TEACHER'S
SALARIES ARE STRONGEST
PREDICTORS OF COGNITION LATER IN
LIFE.
THERE WAS SOME EVIDENCE THAT MEN
BENEFITS MORE FROM THESE QUALITY
OF INDICATORS AND SOME WHITE
PARTICIPANTS HAD MORE BENEFIT
FROM QUALITY INCREASES IN
[INDISCERNIBLE] OF PARTICIPANT
AND SO THIS -- I WAS TELLING YOU
NOW A COUPLE RESULTS OF MY WORK
AND RACIALIZED WORKS MOVING INTO
MORE STUDIES OF SYSTEMS THAT
POTENTIALLY CREATE IMBALANCES
AND DIFFERENTIAL BENEFITS AND
LOVE HOW AJ EXPLAINS
INTERLOCKING EXPRESSIONS
RACIALIZED BY PHENOTYPIC
CHARACTERISTICS AND THOSE ARE
ASSIGNED A VALUE AND RESOURCES
AND OPPORTUNITIES ARE
DISTRIBUTED ACCORDING TO THE
VALUE THAT HAS BEEN ASSIGNED
THAT HAS BEEN HELPFUL IN MY
GROUP IN DESCRIBING HOW SYSTEMS
GO BACK AND FORTH AND INFLUENCE
EACH OTHER AND HOW BIOLOGY OF
THE BRAIN MIGHT BE EFFECTED DOWN
THE LINE.
NIKA AND A TRAINEE WE HAD OVER
THE SUMMER FOR T35 GRANT WE HAVE
AND DANY A MEDICAL STUDENT
LOOKED AT NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT
OF STUDENTS AND LOOKED AT THESE
TRADITIONAL INDICATORS OF
SEGREGATION IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD
THAT FOUND THAT AMONG OUR
PARTICIPANTS LIVING IN
SEGREGATED AREAS IN WASHINGTON
HEIGHTS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH
LOWER SCORES ON COGNITIVE
BATTERY AND FLIPSIDE LIVING IN
DESEGREGATED NEIGHBORHOODS WAS
ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER SCORES
AND WE ACCOUNTED FOR MEDIATORS
THAT WERE NEIGHBORHOOD POVERTY
AND INDIVIDUAL LEVEL MEDIATORS
ATTENUATING ASSOCIATION AND
THERE WAS STILL OVERALL PATTERN
OF DESEGREGATED NEIGHBORHOODS
ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER LEVEL
COGNIT
COGNITION.
I WANT TO POINT OUT I HAD AN
AMAZING TEAM AND LAURA WAS MY
POST DOCK AND IS NOW A TENURED
PROFESSOR AT UNIVERSITY OF
MICHIGAN WHO POINTED OUT IN
MIDAS STUDY NARROWING OF
DISPARITY AND COGNITION AS
PEOPLE IN EACH STUDY GET OLDER
THIS IS AGE LEVELER EFFECT.
ONLY HARDEST PEOPLE FROM
MINORITIZED GROUPS SURVIVED AND
GET NARROWING OF YOUR DISPARITY
OVER WITH AGE -- THIS REALLY BY
THE TIME OF RECRUITING FROM
BLACK AND LATINX PEOPLE FROM AGE
55 THERE WAS A LOT GOING ON WITH
RESPECT TO THEIR COGNITION AND
NEUROPANELOLOGY AND SO WE
DECIDED TO MOVE BACK IN AGE AND
DO THAT BY STARTING IN
INTERGENERATIONAL STUDY AND IN
ORDER TO UNDERSTAND YOU KNOW
WHAT WERE THE MECHANISMS OF INNO
QUALITIES AND STRUCTURAL AND
SOCIAL INFLUENCES WE DID RECRUIT
CHILDREN OF THE OFFSPRING OF THE
OFFSPRING AND SLIDES ARE BAD BUT
YOU CAN SEE PERCENTAGES THERE
AMONG 2,000 PEOPLE IN OFFSPRING
STUDY NOW AND MOST ARE LATINX
AND ARE ALMOST EVENLY
DISTRIBUTED BETWEEN PEOPLE
SPEAKING ENGLISH AND WHO FEEL
MOST COMFORTABLE SPEAK ENGLISH
IN OUR EVALUATION PEOPLE WHO
SPEAK SPANISH WE HAVE A HARD
TIME FINDING WHITE PEOPLE IN OUR
STUDY AND 26% ARE DESCRIBED OR
DESCRIBE THEMSELVES AS
RACIALIZED AS NON-LATINX AND
BLACK BY PUTTING THIS IN A PIE
CHART IT COVERS UP A LOT OF
HETEROGENEITY AND
INTERSECTIONALITY AND IS
OBVIOUSLY VERY DIFFERENT
ENTERSECTING LEVELS OF
EXPERIENCE HERE EFFECTING THEIR
EXPERIENCE.
ESSENTIALLY WE TRIED TO MEASURE
SORT OF YOU KNOW DIFFERENT
LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL RACISM IN
THE COHORT.
WE FOUND THAT PEOPLE RACIALIZED
EXPERIENCED DAILY EXPERIENCES OF
DISCRIMINATION AND THIS IS
UNEXPERIENCE A WEEK YOU CAN
COMPARE TO REPORTED EXPERIENCES
THAT WERE USING [INDISCERNIBLE]
WILLIAMS SCALE AND EXPERIENCE OF
LATINX AND WHITE PEOPLE IN THE
STUDY AND DISCRIMINATION SCALE
LOOKED AT LIFETIME INSTITUTIONAL
SXEEXPERIENCES OF DISCRIMINATIOO
BLACK PEOPLE IN THE STUDY
REPORTED EXPERIENCING OVER FIVE
INCIDENCES OVER CIVIL RIGHTS
VIOLATIONS OVER THEIR LIFETIME.
AND HERE IS RESIDENTIAL
SEGREGATION. WE HAVE AN
INTERGENERATIONAL STUDY AND ARE
ABLE TO LOOK AT SEGREGATION
INDICES OF PARENTS IN THE Y CAP
STUDY WHERE PARENTS LIVED AND SO
WE CHARACTERIZE THIS AS THEIR
EARLY LIFE EXPOSURE TO
RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION WE NOUND
OFFSPRING STUDY AND
DISCRIMINATION AND IN WHOLE
SAMPLE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER
SCORES ON OUR MEASURE AND WAS
EXAGGERATED IN BLACK PEOPLE AND
WE HAD LIVE CONFIDENCE INTERVALS
AND EFFECT IS COMPARABLE FROM
EFFECT OF ONE YEAR OF AGE THAT
IS THIS ON RIGHT SIDE AND WILL
KEEP THIS STRUCTURE GOING WHEN I
DESCRIBE RELATIONSHIP WITH CIVIL
RIGHTS VIOLATIONS TO MEMORY
FUNCTION WHERE BLACK PEOPLE IN
AFTERSPRING STUDY AND
RELATIONSHIP WITH EXPERIENCE OF
MAJOR DISCRIMINATION AND DELAYED
MEMORY THAT WAS MANY TIMES MORE
STRONGER THAN ONE YEAR OF AGE
STRUCTURAL RACISM OVERALL YOU
CAN'T SEE IT BECAUSE OF WIDE
CONFIDENCE INTERVALS IN
STRATIFIED GROUPS AND OVERALL
HAVING A SEGREGATED RESIDENTIAL
SEGREGATION IN CHILDHOOD WAS
ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER MEMORY
SCORES IN OFFSPRING STUDY AND
AMAZING THING THAT IS GOING ON
AT COLUMBIA IS WE HAVE MANY
DIFFERENT OPPORTUNITIES TO
INTERACT WITH TRAINEES AND
CAMERON DIXON IS A STAR U
TRAINEE AND STAR U IS AN R25
MECHANISM FOR SUMMER
TRANSLATIONAL AGING RESEARCH.
SHE IS AN UNDERGRAD AND CAME IN
A COUPLE SUMMERS AGO ASKING WE
HAVE EXPERIENCES WITH
DISCRIMINATION AND WHAT ABOUT
CAN HOW PEOPLE COPE WITH
EXPERIENCES BUFFER THEIR -- THE
EFFECT ON COGNITION AND IN FACT
SHE FOUND THAT PEOPLE WHO WERE
EXPERIENCING HIGH LEVELS OF --
PEOPLE THAT COPED WITH
DISCRIMINATION USING HIGH LEVELS
VIGILANCE HAD BUFFERING OF
EFFECT OF DISCRIMINATION ON
MEMORY IN OFFSPRING STUDY THAT
TRACKS ALONG WITH SOME OTHER
RESEARCH SHOWING THAT VIGILANT
COPING HAS SHORT TERM BENEFIT ON
OUTCOMES AND COPING MECHANISMS
ARE STRESSFUL THEY THINK ABOUT
STRESS AS A REAL CAUSE OF
PROBLEMS AND DEMENTIA LATER IN
LIFE AND LINKS ARE THERE AND
COMMUNITY AND WE HAVE A POST DOC
ON A K99 NOW AND THEIR ATTORNEY
WHO WAS INTERESTED IN WEATHERING
PHENOMENON ANDAC CELLRATED AGING
AND RELATING TO BRAIN
NEUROPATHOLOGY AS THEY GET OLDER
AND EASED THIS DESIGN TO LOOK AT
EFFECT OF AGE ON MRI MARKERS
ASSOCIATED WITH ALZHEIMER'S
DISEASE AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
IN PARENT AND OFFSPRING
GENERATIONS.
YOU ARE SEEING IN LIGHTER COLOR
IN EACH OF THESE FIGURES YOU SEE
A PLOT OF THE 500 OR SO
OFFSPRING PARTICIPANTS WE HAVE
DONE MRI STUDIES ON AND THEIR
AGE AND YOU CAN SEE IN GENERAL
IF YOU ARE NOT WHITE AND YOU ARE
IN AN OFF SPRING PARTICIPANT AS
YOU GET OLDER WHITE MATTER
HYPERTENSETY INCREASE AND IN
OLDER AND PARENT GENERATIONS YOU
SEE AGAIN AS YOU GET OLDER WHITE
MATTER HYPERTENSETIES INCREASE
AND INFLECTION POINT IN WHITE
AND LATINX GROUPS THERE IS NOT
IN BLACK AND AFRICAN AMERICAN
GROUP AND SHE INTERPRETED LACK
OF INFLECTION AS INCREASED
WEATHERING OR ACCELERATED BRAIN
AGING IN BLACK OFFSPRING AND IS
NOTHING THERE IN LESS RESOURCES
PERHAPS OR FEWER OPPORTUNITIES
TO REDUCE OR BUFFER EFFECT OF
AGE ON BRAIN IN BLACK
PARTICIPANTS IN STUDY AND FOUND
SAME LACK OF INFLECTION POINT OF
COURTI COLTHICKNESS MEASURES
PUBLISHED IN JAMMA NEUROLOGY
RECENT
RECEN
RECENTLY THAT STUDY POINTED OUT
AND MANY OTHERS HAVE IN
IMPORTANCE OF BACKING UP IN AGE
OR LOOKING AT PEOPLE AT RISK FOR
DEVELOPING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
YOU NEED THE MEASURE OF NEURAL
PATHOLOGY TO UNDERSTAND WHAT IS
GOING ON AT THIS TIME OF LIFE.
BECAUSE THERE IS A GAP BE GAP O
THAT CAN BUFFER WITH LEVEL OF
NEUROPATHOLOGY IN THE BRAIN AND
COGNITIVE DISFUNCTION PEOPLE
HAVE WE NEED MEASURES OF
NEUROLNEU
NEUROPATHOLOGY AND NOT EVERYONE
CAN DO MRI FOR MANY REASONS.
YOU HAVE TO LEAVE YOUR HOUSE TO
COME TO MRI MACHINE AT THIS TIME
WE STARTED TO LOOK AT
REVOLUTIONARY WAYS OF LOOKING AT
TAO AM ILLOID IN THE BLOOD AND
WHITE CAP OR PARENT STUDY ADAM
BURKEMAN WROTE TAPERS AND LIKE Y
CAP STUDY THERE IS NO RACIAL AND
ETHNIC DIFFERENCE IN TAO OR AM
ILLOID IN OFFSPRING STUDY OR
DATA AND EXAMPLE I USED WHEN
FIRST STARTING HOW DIFFERENT Y
CAP STUDY IS FROM THOSE OUT
THERE THAT ARE CONVENIENT
SAMPLES AND YOU MIGHT HAVE VERY
DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS FROM
PEOPLE AT DIFFERENT RACIAL AND
ETHNIC GROUPS COMING TO
PARTICIPATE IN STUDIES OR
RESPONDING TO ADS AND THIS
AFRICAN AMERICANS HAVE LOWER TAO
OR LOWER AMYLOID OR HIGHER TAO
THAN WHITE PEOPLE DO WE DON'T
REPLICATE THAT IN
COMMUNITY-BASED REPRESENTATIVE
STUDY IN WASHINGTON HEIGHT AND
PTAO1 NEGATIVE LEVELS WERE
ASSOCIATED WITH MEMORY ON THE
LEVEL AND YOU HAVE AN IMMEDIATE
LEARNING FROM ON TSELECTIVE
REMINDING TEST AND DELAYED
RECALL AND TAO IS SKEWED IN
DISTRIBUTION IN THE COHORT AND
WE WANTED TO KNOW YOU SEE THIS
AND JUSTINA WHO IS A K99 IN OUR
GROUP LOOKED AT PARENT
GENERATION AND COMPRISED THEIR
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND THEY
DID THAT BY DEVELOPING COMPOSITE
OF EDUCATION AND OCCUPATION AND
THIS IS A DISTRIBUTION OF THE
CHILDHOOD SES MEASURE BY GROUPS
THAT I DESCRIBED TO YOU EARLIER
IN THE OFFSPRING STUDY.
WE FOUND IN THIS PRELIMINARY
ANALYSIS WAS THAT OFFSPRING WITH
PARENTS WITH HIGHER SES WE
ASSOCIATED WITH CHILDHOOD
OFFSPRING AND HIGHER EARLY LIFE
SES DIDN'T HAVE AS DEEP OR
STRONG RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
PLASMA TAO AND MEMORY COMPARED
TO OFFSPRING WHO HAD LOWER
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS DURING
CHILDHOOD AND WAS MORE LESS
BUFFERING OF THAT EFFECT OR OF
TAO ON THEIR MEMORY THAT WAS
MORE OR LESS HELD UP ACROSS
DIFFERENT RACIAL AND ETHNIC
GROUPS IN THE STUDY AND LANGUAGE
GROUPS I WILL END AND TALK A BIT
IF I HAVE TIME AND HAVEN'T
GOTTEN A CARD YET ABOUT WAYS TO
UPDATE INFRASTRUCTURE. WERE YOU
SUPPOSED TO SHOW ME THE CARD?
OKAY. ALL RIGHT. TALKING ABOUT
UPDATES TO INFRASTRUCTURE
RESEARCH AND STARTS WITH REALLY
RECOGNITION OF WHOLE RESEARCH
ENTERPRISE AS A RACIALIZED
ORGANIZATION AND THAT MEANS
THERE ARE NORMS AND PRACTICES
AND POLICIES THAT ARE IMBEDDED
IN WHITENESS AND THAT EFFECT HOW
WE DO RESEARCH AND I WILL TALK
ABOUT INTRODUCING REPARATIVE
SOLUTIONS FOR THAT AND IN PART
START WITH UNDERSTANDING HOW
RACE IS MADE AND PROTECTING AND
SUPPORTING NEXT GENERATION OF
RESEARCHERS AND ADVOCACY IN THE
SPIRIT OF MATILDA WHITE RILEY
AND DESCRIBED THAT PROCESS OF
ORGANIZATION BEFORE. I AM
SHOWING PICTURES FROM KAMARA
JOAN'S GARDENER'S TALE OR
ARTICLE THAT IS A CLASSIC HERE
THAT IS UNDERSTANDING HOW RACE
IS MADE AND PEOPLE WHO WRITE
ABOUT THIS IN SOCIUS YOL AND
LIKE EDUARDO WHO REALLY
UNDERSTAND PROCESS AND SYSTEMS
OF EXPOSURE AND SYSTEMS OF RACE
MAKING AND CHANGING OVER TIME
AND HOW IT CHANGES OVER THE LIFE
COURSE AND YOU HEAR PEOPLE LIKE
AJ JACKSON IN HER PAPERS THAT
TALKS ABOUT PEOPLE RACIALIZED AS
BLACK AND AS WHITE.
SHE IS TALKING ABOUT THAT TRYING
TO REMIND US WE ARE ALL
RACIALIZED AND IS SOMETHING WE
MAKE AND DO. IT IS NOT A
CHARACTERISTIC OF PEOPLE THAT IS
REALLY THAT YOU KNOW IMPORTANT
FOR ADRD RESEARCH. THERE IS
LOTS INTERPRETATION OF RACIAL
DIFFERENCES AS BEING GENETIC OR
AS BEING BIOLOGICAL OR RELATED
TO DIFFERENCES IN BIOMARKERS
THAT ARE SOMEHOW INNATE AND IS
LOTS OF INTERPRETATION OF RACIAL
AND ETHNIC DIFFERENCES RELATED
TO LIFESTYLE FACTORS READING
GARDENER'S TALE YOU ARE SEEING
LIFESTYLE AND IF YOU LOOK AT
HEALTH EQUITY RESEARCH IS WAY
DOWN THE LINE OF THE FRAMEWORK
AND OTHER THING TO POINT OUT IS
THAT ADRD RESEARCH HAS BEEN
REALLY, YOU KNOW, CORR CENTERED
PLACES WHERE BLACK AND BROWN
PEOPLE WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
ARE NOT. THIS SHOWS OVERLAY OF
THE SITES FOR ADRDS AND FOR THE
-- FOR THE BSR CENTERS AND, YOU
KNOW, OVERLAID WITH PREVALENCE
AT COUNTY LEVEL OF DEMENTIA
AMONG BLACK HISPANIC'S ASIAN
AMERICANS AND NORTH AMERICAN
NATIVES AND IF WE WANT TO CHANGE
I THINK THE WAY THAT WE DO THIS
RESEARCH WE NEED TO BE PRESENT
IN THOSE COMMUNITIES AND THIS
MAP IS ONE EXAMPLE OF HOW, YOU
KNOW, JUST ADRD RESEARCHERS ARE
REALLY NOT PRESENT IN THOSE
COMMUNITIES AND IS A REASON FOR
THAT. YOU KNOW, THE WAY THAT
ADRD RESEARCH AROSE IN 1980S AND
RESEARCH OF WHAT IS A CLEAN
ALZHEIMER'S CASE YOU COULDN'T
HAVE STROKE OR DIABETES OR
DEPRESSION AND WHAT THEY REALLY
WANTED TO STUDY AND WHO WERE
PEOPLE DOING AUTOPSIES?
PEOPLE THAT HAD EQUIPMENT IN THE
YOU KNOW ELITE UNIVERSITIES THAT
COULD ACTUALLY EXAMINE TISSUE AT
THAT LEVEL. YOU KNOW, THESE
WERE ALL WHITE PEOPLE.
SO, I MEAN, WE ARE TALKING ABOUT
REALLY A MAJOR SHIFT IN WHO IS
DOING RESEARCH AND WHERE WE ARE
DOING RESEARCH AND WHAT THE
PRIORITIES ARE.
AND THAT IS WHY IT IS NOT
SHOCKING WHEN YOU LOOK AT
STUDIES LIKE CLINICAL TRIALS FOR
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE FROM THIS A4
TRIAL IS AMAZING PAPER BY CASEY
DEETERS WHO LOOKED AT PROCESS OF
HOW BLACK AND WHITE PEOPLE WERE
INCLUDED OR EXCLUDED BASED ON
VARIOUS SCREENING LEVELS FIRST
BLACK PEOPLE WERE MORE LIKELY TO
BE EXCLUDED AND THEY DIDPER FORS
WELL OR HAVE SCORES ABOVE CUTOFF
FOR MEMORY LEVELS FROM INITIAL
SCREENING AND LIKELY TO BE
SCREEN THE OUT OF PET LEVEL THEY
WERE LESS LIKELY AS PARTICIPANTS
WITH WHITE AM ILLOIDS TO GET
INTO THEIR BRAIN IN AND GET INTO
A4 TRIAL AND FIGHTING INCLUSION
AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA.
I WANT TO POINT OUT COMING TO
POLICY YOU KNOW US GETTING AS
RESEARCHERS GETTING EVIDENCE
THAT IS USEFUL FOR POLICY MAKERS
IS A HIGH PRIORITY AND WE
UNDERSTAND WHAT IT IS THAT WE
ARE COMMUNICATING AND HOW WE ARE
COMMUNICATING IT. POLICY
LANGUAGE MATTERS.
THIS IS NAPPA LEGISLATION IN 19
-- 2011. YOU CAN SEE HERE
LANGUAGE IS TO INSURE INCLUSION
OF ETHNIC AND RACIAL POPULATIONS
FOR HIGH RISK ALZHEIMER'S AND
LIKELY TO RECEIVE CARE IN
CLINICAL RESEARCH AND EFFORTS
PURPOSES FOR INCREASING HEALTH
DISPARITIES IN ALZHEIMER'S AND
THAT PARAGRAPH HAS DIRECTED
UNBELIEVABLE AMOUNT OF RESOURCES
THAT WERE NOT AVAILABLE FOR TO
ALZHEIMER'S RESEARCH ON SDS
PAIRTIES WE NEED POLITICAL WILL
TO CREATE LEGISLATION LIKE THIS
AND BE ABLE TO KNOW HOW YOU KNOW
WHAT ARE STRATEGIES TO BE ABLE
TO DIRECT RESOURCES TO THIS KIND
OF WORK?
I WANT TO FINALLY SAY THAT YOU
KNOW IT REALLY DOES MATTER WHO
DOES RESEARCH. I LOVE THIS. IT
CAME OUT THE OTHER DAY
COMMENTARY AND RESEARCH IT
MATTERS IN SCIENCE AND FOUND
AMONG PEOPLE I WORK WITH THAT WE
ARE ABLE TO INNOVATE MORE IF WE
HAVE MORE INCLUSIVE RESEARCHERS.
WE ARE ABLE TO ACCELERATE IDEAS
AND FINDINGS IF WE HAVE PEOPLE
WHO ARE COMING FROM DIFFERENT
BACKGROUNDS AND DIFFERENT
EXPERIENCES.
FINALLY, YOU KNOW, I THINK THAT
WE NEED TO REALLY PROTECT OUR
JUNIOR COLLEAGUES FROM
MINORITIZED BACKGROUNDS.
THEY ARE ONES WHO WILL REALLY
BLOW THIS UNDERSTANDING OF
MECHANISMS INTO WHERE IT NEEDS
TO BE. YOU KNOW, QUICKLY,
INCLUSION IS NOT EQUITY AND I
LOVE THIS PAPER BY SANDRA SUJEN
LEE WHO TALKS ABOUT DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN HAVING THAT DIVERSITY
CHECKBOX THAT IS A REAL THREAT
TO HEALTH EQUITY RESEARCH AND
HAVING THAT INSTRUMENTAL
DIVERSITY IN A STUDY THAT IS
ABOUT RECRUITING AND IS ON THE
SURFACE NOT ABOUT LEADERSHIP OR
ABOUT CHANGING DIRECTION OF
RESEARCH AND INVESTMENT IN
RESEARCH THAT IS A REAL THREAT
TO ADRD RESEARCH IF WE CAN'T
GETTIN INSTRUMENTAL DIVERSITY IN
OUR WORK AND I'M REALLY DONE
NOW. I WANT TO THANK THESE
PEOPLE ADAM BURKEMAN AND MY WORK
PARTNER MARIA GLEE MOOR AND LISA
BARNES AND DESIREE BURN AND
[INDISCERNIBLE] WHO WERE POST
DOCKS WITH ME AND COLLEAGUES
THAT HEAVILY INFLUENCED MY WORK
AND BUNCH OF POST DOCS MIGUEL IS
AN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AND EMILY
HOEKET AND JUSTINA REEGER AND
ATTORNEY AND NIKA SABULA.
LAST THING IS TO THANK NIA FOR
ALL FUNDING THAT HAS SUPPORTED
THIS WORK AND PARTICIPANTS IN
ALL OF THE STUDIES THAT WENT
INTO THE WORK THAT I SHOWED
TODAY.
THANK YOU!
>>[APPLAUSE].
>>YES. THANK YOU SO MUCH.
PLEASE DO STAY. I AM GLAD YOU
-- I DON'T KNOW WHEN YOU WERE
SUPPOSED TO STOP BUT LAST BIT
WAS PARTICULARLY -- LAST BIT WAS
ALL IMPORTANT. ANYWAY, I WILL
USE MY PODIUM TO ASK MY OWN
QUESTION.
SO, I HAVE CERTAINLY APPRECIATED
CONNECTION BETWEEN EARLY AND
LATER LIFE.
AS WE KNOW THINGS MAY NOT CHANGE
IN EARLY LIFE BUT THINGS WE CAN
DO IN MID LIFE? PLEASE SAY YES.
>>YES. YES. I THINK THAT IS
ONE MAIN REASON WE THINK WE HAVE
SO MUCH INTEREST IN OFFSPRING
STUDY AND ONE THING THAT YOU
KNOW I CAN TELL YOU YOU KNOW IS
THAT YOU KNOW IN THE OFFSPRING
GENERATION THERE IS REALLY AN
ON
ONNING EDUCATION PROCESS AND
PEOPLE ARE GOING BACK TO SCHOOL
AND FINDING OPPORTUNITIES TO GO
BACK TO SCHOOL AND WHETHER IT IS
ENGAGEMENT OR SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
AROUND THAT, I THINK IT REALLY
HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH BENEFIT
EVEN IN MID-LIFE. I THINK THAT
ACTUALLY JESSICA FINLEY TALKED
TO US ABOUT OTHER IMPORTANT
MECHANISMS LIKE SOCIAL
ENVIRONMENT.
YOU KNOW, FAMILY SUPPORT IS NOT
NECESSARILY ASSOCIATED WITH
BETTER COGNITIVE FUNCTION AS
PEOPLE GET OLDER BUT FRIEND
SUPPORT IS.
SO, I THINK THAT IS WHERE, YOU
KNOW, IN MID-LIFE WE CAN FOCUS
THOSE MEANINGFUL CONNECTIONS.
AND ALSO MAYBE THOSE, YOU KNOW,
I SAW THAT TONY ANTONUCCI WAS
QUOTED IN NEW YORK TIMES ABOUT
WEAK TIES THAT CAN SUPPORT YOU
KNOW THAT SOCIAL INTERACTION AS
WE GET OLDER.
>>THERE HAS TO BE QUESTIONS
FROM THE AUDIENCE AND LOST
CONNECTION TO ONLINE QUESTIONS.
COULD YOU SCREEN FOR ME.
>>YEAH.
>>THANKS. IF ANY COME UP. I
GUESS THERE WAS -- JOHN CAME UP.
I WOULDN'T BE SURPRISED IF HE
DIDN'T HAVE A QUESTION.
>>THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR KIND
WORDS.
>>WELL DESERVED.
>>SHE ELUDE TODAY I'M PROJECT
SCIENTIST FOR HEALTH AND
RETIREMENT STUDY AND FOR SEVERAL
RELATED PROJECTS AND IS
INTERESTING AND POINTING OUT
FREE RESOURCE AND USING DATA IN
FACT ONE SPEAKER DID TODAY
ALREADY. ONE THING POINTING OUT
PARTICULARLY SINCE I THINK IT
COMES INTO QUESTIONS THAT ARE
GETTING RAISED HERE ABOUT
EFFECTS OF EDUCATION AND
EDUCATIONAL AATTAINMENT AND
QUALITY IS NIA SUPPORTS
BASICALLY AN ENTIRE FAMILY OF
EDUCATIONAL COHORT STUDIES THAT
WERE STUDIES THAT STARTED EITHER
PROJECT TALENT BY WHAT NOW
BECAME DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
AND I WILL ALSO INCLUDE THE
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND NLSY79
IS THE NATIONAL LONGITUDINAL
STUDY OF YOUTH IN 1979 AND ARE
NOT YOUTH ANYMORE ABOUT YOU LIKE
ME. SIMILARLY I GUESS WE WILL
HAVE TO HEAR NEXT TALKS ABOUT
HIGH SCHOOL AND BEYOND STUDY
THAT IS INVOLVED IN AND ADDING
HEALTH AND NLS72 AND SO ON THAT
IS GREAT AND GIVES WHAT WE WANT
FOR THIS STUDY THAT IS AGE
PERIOD COHORT KIND OF THING AND
LOOK AT PEOPLE WITH MANY
DIFFERENT AGES NOW AND DIFFERENT
PERIODS AND COHORTS THAT IS GOOD
TO HELP US UNDERSTAND TO GET TO
ERICA'S QUESTION WHAT MIGHT BE
REVERSIBLE AND CHANGEABLE IN
MID-LIFE AND DIFFERENCES IN VERY
EARLY EXPERIENCE WHAT IT MIGHT
MEAN TODAY OR MORE LIKE TODAY
THAN WE HAVE GOT RIGHT NOW
GOING.
I GUESS THAT WASN'T A QUESTION.
>>OKAY, JOHN. I FORGIVE YOU.
YOU ARE PLUGGING REALLY
IMPORTANT COHORTS THAT, YOU
KNOW, FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE
INTERESTED IN EDUCATION AND ALSO
THE REVERSIBILITY, YOU KNOW, OF
MAYBE EDUCATIONAL DISADVANTAGE
THAT, YOU KNOW, IN FOLLOWING
PEOPLE OVER THE COURSE OF THEIR
LIVES WE CAN LOOK AT DIFFERENT
TRAJECTORIES AND LOOK TO SEE
WHAT IS PUSHING AND PULLING
COGNITION ONE WAY OR ANOTHER.
>>I WILL TRY TO BALANCE.
THANKS HERE. THERE IS -- THANKS
SO MUCH FOR A TALK AND PERSON
WOULD PREDIVIGILANCE -- PREDICTG
VIGILANCE ON SLEEP QUALITY AND
HEALTH OUTCOMES.
>>I THINK VIGILANCE RESOURCE
I'M NOT SURE THERE IS A -- YOU
KNOW, ONE-STOP SHOP ON SORT OF
WHAT OUTCOME IS ON COPING STYLE
AND FOR US WE ARE TRYING TO
UNDERSTAND HOW IT -- YOU KNOW,
HOW IT TRACKS OVER TIME AND WE
ARE GETTING A FOLLOW UP FOR
OFFSPRING COHORT THAT IS
IMPORTANT TO LOOK AT COPING
STYLES OVER TIME AND MUCH OF OUR
RESEARCH IN OFFSPRING COHORT WAS
COLLECTED BEFORE AND DURING THE
PANDEMIC WE WILL SEE BIRTH
COHORT AND EXPERIENTIAL
DIFFERENCES AND HOW PEOPLE ARE
HANDLING DISCRIMINATION AND
ANOTHER THING IS YOU KNOW THERE
IS SO MUCH MORE I THINK.
THERE ALWAYS HAS BEEN SO MUCH
MORE SORT OF VICARIOUS
EXPERIENCE OF RACISM.
AND WHETHER THAT -- HOW THAT
EFFECTS DIFFERENT COPING STYLES
AND DIFFERENT WAYS OF DEALING
WITH RACISM AND HOW IT EFFECTS
COGNITIVE BURDEN AND COGNITIVE
LOAD AND MAGGIE IS A PERSON I
ADMIRE FOR THINKING ABOUT
COGNITIVE LOAD AND STRUCTURAL
RACISM IN HER WORK.
I DON'T KNOW HOW IT RELATES TO
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT YET BUT HAS
REAL PROMISE LOOKING FORWARD.
>>THANK YOU. GO AHEAD.
>>THANK YOU FOR GREAT TALK THAT
IS FANTASTIC AND INSPIRING AND
ALL THINGS AMAZING AND ONE
QUESTION I THINK A LOT ABOUT
SCALE AS A GEOGRAPHER AND
RESULTS SHOWING THAT ARE
STATE-BASED SCALE OF SCHOOLS AND
WONDERING HAVING CONVERSATIONS
AT LUNCH EARLIER AND IN CITY AND
SCHOOLS OPERATE DIFFERENTLY AND
HAVE DIFFERENT QUALITY
EXPERIENCES AND DO YOU THINK
OTHER -- IMAGINE HISTORICALLY
COULD BE DIFFICULT TO GET
SUB-SCALE INFORMATION AND DO YOU
THINK IT IS POSSIBLE? I ASSUME
MOVING FORWARD WITH COVID-19 AND
CONTEXTS OF DIFFERENT
EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AND
DISADVANTAGES AND WAYS TO MONTH
OF TO FINER GRAIN SCHOOLS OF
SCHOOLING TO CAPTURE WHAT MIGHT
BE LOST IN STATE IS AN IMPORTANT
TALK OF MECHANISMS THINKING OF
SCHOOL DISTRICTS AND WITH THAT
COULD BE QUITE DIFFERENTIAL
EXPERIENCES LEADING TO DIFFERENT
OPPORTUNITIES AND DISADVANTAGES
FOR COGNITION.
>>ABSOLUTELY. OTHER PIECE IS
YOU KNOW POLICY IS NOT AS WE
WERE TALKING ABOUT AT LUNCH NOT
MADE AT STATE LEVEL OR NOT
EXPERIENCED AT STATE LEVEL.
MORE GRANULAR WE CAN GET WITH
THAT THE BETTER.
WE DO HAVE COUNTY LEVEL DATA FOR
THE REGARD STUDY.
>>YEAH.
>>IT -- RESULTS IN TERMS OF
VALIDATION WITH RESPECT TO
SCHOOL QUALITY ARE SAME AS STATE
LEVEL.
>>YEAH.
>>FOR THE BIRTH COHORT. YOU
WILL SAY IT WILL CHANGE AND
THING WE NEED TO GET THERE IS WE
NEED TO GET COUNTY LEVEL
RESIDENTIAL DATA THROUGHOUT
EVERYONE'S LIFE AND WHERE JOHN
MENTIONED THERE ARE SCHOOL
COHORTS LIKE [INDISCERNIBLE] 72
AND HIGH SCHOOL AND BEYOND WE
KNOW WHERE THE PARTICIPANTS
LIVED AND WHAT COUNTY SCHOOLS
WERE AND RESOURCES OF SCHOOLS
THAT IS PROBABLY THE BEST
OPPORTUNITY TO FIGURE OUT SORT
OF WHAT THESE DIFFERENT
SCHOOL-BASED RESOURCES YOU KNOW
AND UP TO THE CLASSROOM LEVEL
AND INDIVIDUAL LEVEL AND WHAT
PEERS WE WERE DOING WHAT CLASSES
WERE AVAILABLE AND CHILD TOOK
STEM AND WHAT COGNITIVE FUNCTION
AT ADOLESCENCE AND POTENTIAL
SOURCE FOR REVERSE CAUSATION
PEOPLE WHO DO BETTER ON
ACHIEVEMENT TESTS TEND TO GET
MORE YEARS OF SCHOOL AND SO I
THINK COHORTS OF PEOPLE ARE
PROBABLY BEST OPPORTUNITY TO
ADDRESS THE QUESTION YOU HAVE.
>>SPARKS IDEA OF WE CAN LINK TO
WORKING IN 1940S AND 50S SENSUS.
>>YES.
>>PAIRING UP DETAILED TRACK
LEVEL SOCIOECONOMIC DATA TO
SCHOOLS JUST THINKING ALOUD.
>>YES.
>>WAYS TO CAPTURE DISTINCTIONS
WHERE DATA IS LACKING AND PULL
DATA LIKE SENSUS INTO IT.
>>AGREED. THERE MIGHT BE
PEOPLE DOING IT WITH HEALTH AND
RETIREMENT STUDY RIGHT NOW AND
1940 SENSUS.
>>MOST OF THOSE PEOPLE IN
SENSUS 1/4 OF THEM
[INDISCERNIBLE] THAT WILL BE
IMPORTANT COMING UP. NOW WE
HAVE COMPUTERS OWE.
>>CAN YOU GIVE HIM THE MIC FOR
A SECOND?
>>SORRY.
>>SORRY NO. THIS TIME AROUND
1950 SENSUS IS MUCH EASIER TO
PROCESS THAN 1940 CENSUS AND
GETTING OUT TO RESEARCHERS AND
SUPPORTING LINKAGES OF COHORTS
TO CENSUSES CENSI AND PRIMARY
SUPPORT OF THE WORK IS THIS IS
NOT ADVERTISEMENT BUT ANCESTRY.C
OWE, M IS FUNDAMENTALLY
INTERESTED IN THIS STUFF THERE
YOU GO.
>> I FEEL A TELEPHONE CALL IS
IN THE FOO UTURE FOR YOU THREE
AT LEAST IN THE FUTURE. NEXT
QUESTION, DEBRA.
>>MY QUESTION FOLLOWS ON
REGARDING I WON'T SAY TELLGANTLY
BUT WANT TO GIVE YOU BACK STORY
FIRST. ONE OF MY DEER FRIENDS
IS FIRST BLACK PROFESSOR OF
MEDICINE AT JOHNS HOPKINS
MEDICAL SCHOOL.
SHE HAS A BRILLIANT SON AND
SINCE LEFT AND BRILLIANT SON WHO
HAS DONE AMAZING ACADEMIC
OPPORTUNITIES AND IS NOW IN THE
ENGINEERING PROGRAM AT COLUMBIA
AND ONE EVENING OVER DINNER SHE
TOLD MY HUSBAND AND I ABOUT
HAVING THE TALK.
OKAY?
HE WAS WITH HIS COHORT FROM HIS
SCHOOL AND THEY WENT TO THE
MOVIES. HE WAS THE ONLY BLACK
KID IN THE GROUP. THEY WOULDN'T
LET HIM INTO THE MOVIE THEATRE.
THEY WOULDN'T LET HIM IN AND
DIDN'T BELIEVE HE WAS WITH A
GROUP AND HE WAS BRANDED WITH
HIS SCHOOL OR WHATEVER.
MY QUESTION IS WHAT IS THE --
WHAT IS THE RESEARCH ON THE
INTERACTION BETWEEN STRUCTURAL
RACISM AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT
AS A MEDIATOR OR MODERATOR OR
VICE VERSA?
YOU TOUCHED ON IT A LITTLE
EARLIER IN YOUR TALK AND WONDER
WHERE IT IS GOING.
YEAH?
AMONG MORE -- MORE KIDS WHO HAVE
HAD THE ADVANTAGES OF GOOD
EDUCATION.
>>WHAT WE FIND IN Y CAP STUDY
OR OFFSPRING STUDY AND ANOTHER
RESEARCH STUDY I DID A WHILE
BACK WITH DISCRIMINATION AMONG
AFRICAN AMERICAN ADULTS AGE 60
YEARS OR OLDER AND PEOPLE REPORT
MORE EXPERIENCES OF
DISCRIMINATION AND KEY THING I
THINK ABOUT HAVING MORE
EXPERIENCES WITH DISCRIMINATION
ON WILLIAMS EVERY DAY AND MAJOR
EXPERIENCES OF DISCRIMINATION
SCALE IS BEING AROUND WHITE
PEOPLE AND MORE WHITE PEOPLE YOU
ARE AROUND MORE EXPERIENCES OF
DISCRIMINATION YOU WILL
ENCOUNTER AND MORE PEOPLE
ATTAINING MORE AND MORE
EDUCATION AND LIKELIHOOD IS THAT
THEY WILL BE AS -- THEY GET INTO
HIGHER AND HIGHER EDUCATION AND
OCCUPATIONS THAT REQUIRE MORE
AND MORE CREDENTIALS AND WILL BE
AROUND MORE WHITE PEOPLE.
NOW, THERE IS A POST DOC
MARYLAND THOMAS AT UCSF WHOSE
RESEARCH I WANT YOU TO CHECK OUT
AND SHE GOT A K99R00 TO LOOK AT
BLACK COLLEGES AND HISTORICAL
WILL I BLACK COLLEGES AT
UNIVERSITIES. THERE IS SOME
RESEARCH SHOWING PEOPLE THAT ARE
OLDER ADULTS GOING TO
HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND
UNIVERSITIES ARE LIKELY TO BE
DEPRESSED THAN PEOPLE WHO WENT
TO PRIMARILY WHITE INSTITUTIONS
LOOKING AT ADRD PERSPECTIVE NOT
ONLY EDUCATIONAL HISTORY FROM
REGARDS OR HEALTH AND RETIREMENT
STUDY AND FROM RESIDENTS.
IDEA IS PERHAPS BEING OR GROWING
UP AROUND A HISTORICALLY BLACK
COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY NOT
NECESSARILY GOING TO IT AND
BEING A CHILD IN THAT
ENVIRONMENT OR HAVING RESIDENT
DEPARTMENTS AROUND COLLEGES AND
UNIVERSITIES MIGHT BE A
DIFFERENTIAL BENEFIT. THERE ARE
INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING
AND MORE AND MORE EDUCATION THAT
IS NOT NECESSARILY CONFRONTING
PEOPLE WITH EXPERIENCES OF
RACISM THAT IS AS A RESULT OF
THAT IS HARD TO TEAR APART WITH
RESPECT TO COGNITIVE OUTCOMES
AND HAVING BETTER EDUCATION AND
HIGHER QUALITY OF EDUCATION IS
BETTER FOR YOUR PERFORMANCE ON
MEASURES OF COGNITION.
YOU ALSO HAVE MORE EXPERIENCES
WITH DISCRIMINATION AND I THINK
LONGITUDINAL STUDIES IS REALLY
IMPORTANT DIVERSIFYING WAYS WE
MEASURED DISCRIMINATION AND
EXPERIENCES OF DISCRIMINATION
AND LOOKING AT VIJ LENTD COPING
IS ONE STRATEGY. THERE ARE
OTHERS AND UNDERSTANDING
RELATIONSHIP WHAT WE ARE TRYING
TO DO NOW.
>>WE WILL LET SIDNEY HAVE THE
LAST QUESTION.
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH DR. MANLY.
I ENJOYED YOUR TALK AND ENJOYED
HOW YOU SHARED HOW REVIEWER 2
SHAPED NEXT STEPS IN YOUR CAREER
AND YOU MENTIONED HOW YOU ENDED
UP GOING TO COLUMBIA. YOU WERE
INTERESTED IN COHORTS WITH HIGH
PERCENTAGE OF BLACK PARTICIPANTS
AND CURIOUS IF YOU WOULD BE
WILLING TO GIVE REFLECTIONS ON
YOUR CAREER AND HOW YOU THINK
ABOUT SMALL MOMENTS THAT CHANGED
COURSE OF YOUR CAREER AND HOW
YOU THINK ABOUT THEM AND PUT
THEM INTO YOUR STORY.
>>I THINK THEY WERE HUGE AS IT
TURNS OUT IN PREPARING FOR THIS
TALK AND THINKING BACK KNOWING
AUDIENCE WOULD BE MOSTLY NIH
PEOPLE AND THAT I REALLY WANT TO
LET YOU KNOW HOW VITAL IT WAS TO
HEAR FROM MY PROGRAM OFFICERS TO
GET ENCOURAGED. WHEN I GOT A
BAD SCORE, YOU KNOW, INSTEAD OF
GIVING UP, YOU KNOW, ENCOURAGING
ME TO KEEP GOING AND CONNECTING
ME WITH OTHER RESEARCHER WHO'S I
HAD NO IDEA EXISTED BECAUSE I
WAS IN A LITTLE SILO OF
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. THEY WERE
CRITICAL MOMENTS.
YOU KNOW, I THINK THAT THE --
THE OTHER PIECE, YOU KNOW, IS
THAT NOW AS A MENTOR I REALLY
TRY TO MAKE AS MANY OF THE
OPPORTUNITIES FOR MENTEES AS I
CAN. YOU KNOW, BY -- ON MY OWN
AND IN MY RESEARCH TEAM AND ALSO
ON A WIDER LEVEL. I THINK THAT
JUST YOU KNOW HEARING STORIES OF
THE NUMBER OF TIMES THAT PEOPLE
ARE DISCOURAGED BY A LITTLE
THING THAT SOMEONE SAYS ABOUT
THEIR IDEA AND KNOCKING IT DOWN
AND SAYING IT CAN'T HAPPEN.
THAT -- THE DISPROPORTIONATE
EFFECT THAT, THAT HAS ON
TRAINEES FROM BACKGROUNDS THAT
ARE TRADITIONALLY, YOU KNOW, NOT
INCLUDED IN OUR SCIENCE.
IT IS REALLY REMARKABLE AND
THOSE CAN REALLY -- THOSE CUTS
THAT I THINK ARE OFTEN MEANT TO
BE HELPFUL AND ARE REALLY VERY
DISCOURAGING CAN GO A LONG WAY.
YOU KNOW, DOING THE OPPOSITE AND
ENCOURAGING PEOPLE AND GIVING
THEM YOUR ENCOURAGEMENT AND
GIVING THEM YOUR SUPPORT AND
YOUR PROTECTION ESPECIALLY.
THERE IS RISKS OUT THERE AND
GIVING THEM A BUBBLE TO FUNCTION
IN. YOU KNOW, THAT I OPERATED
IN BECAUSE I HAD ACCESS TO THIS
ENORMOUS COHORT OF PEOPLE FROM
MINORITIZED BACKGROUND AND NO
ONE ELSE WAS WORKING IN THAT
AREA AT THAT TIME. I WAS
ALLOWED TO REALLY PURSUE THESE
IDEAS ALONG WITH PARTNERSHIP OF
THE COMMUNITY.
SO, YEAH. THAT IS WHAT I WOULD
SAY AND IS A GREAT QUESTION.
>>THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR AN
AMAZING TALK AND BEFORE
CHRISTINE COMES UP MENTIONING
ESIS AND DR. MANLY SHOULD COME
BACK UP AFTER CHRISTINE WRAPS UP
TO GIVE PICTURES AND
CERTIFICATES AND WRAPPING UP THE
DAY IS DR. HUNTER. THANK YOU.
>>>>ALL RIGHT. WOW. WHAT AN
AFTERNOON. I WILL BE BRIEF AND
WANT TO THANK DR. O'CONNOR FOR A
WELL DONE QUESTION AND ANSWER
MONITORING TO DO ONLINE AND IN
PERSON AND THANK YOU ESIS DR.
YESENIA AND DR. ING. YOU WERE
INSPIRING AND CONGRATULATIONS
AND BIG THANK YOU DR. MANLY YOUR
TALK WAS PHENOMENAL AND BODY OF
WORK WAS EQUALLY PHENOMENAL AND
PROUD YOU ARE HERE WITH US TODAY
AND WE GET TO HONOR WITH YOU
THIS MATILDA WHITE RILEY AWARD
AND TALKING ABOUT FUTURE THINGS
WANT TO MARK CALENDARS WE HAVE A
WEBINAR AT 2 P.M. EASTERN.
-- AND HER TALK IS TITLED
VIOLENCE IS A PUBLIC HEALTH
PROBLEM WHAT WE KNOW AND WHERE
WE ARE GOING AND LIKE THAT TITLE
THAT SHOULD BE INTERESTING AND
YOU CAN REGISTER ON WEBSITE NOT
UP HERE WISH IT WAS
OBSSR.OD.NIH.GOV AND INCLUDES
OUR 16TH -- HAS TO BE AN AT IN
THERE TYPED WITH DOTS BUT HAS TO
BE AT IN THAT ADDRESS ERICA?
THERE IS? OKAY. I GOT IT
RIGHT. THAT CONCLUDES OUR 16TH
NIH MATILDA WHITE RILEY HONORS
EVENT THANK YOU FOR THOSE ONLINE
AND COULDN'T BE HERE IN PERSON
THIS WAS AN EXCELLENT AFTERNOON.