1 00:00:05,360 --> 00:00:09,840 WELCOME TO THE 26TH MEETING OF 2 00:00:09,840 --> 00:00:10,560 THE BRAIN MULTI-COUNCIL WORKING 3 00:00:10,560 --> 00:00:11,040 GROUP. 4 00:00:11,040 --> 00:00:12,160 I'M SUSAN WEISS AND I'M THE 5 00:00:12,160 --> 00:00:13,480 DIRECTOR OF THE DIVISION OF 6 00:00:13,480 --> 00:00:15,880 EXTRAMURAL RESEARCH FOR THE 7 00:00:15,880 --> 00:00:17,080 NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG 8 00:00:17,080 --> 00:00:19,280 ABUSE, AND I'M HERE TODAY AS THE 9 00:00:19,280 --> 00:00:21,080 DESIGNATED FEDERAL OFFICIAL FOR 10 00:00:21,080 --> 00:00:22,440 THE BRAIN MULTI-COUNCIL WORKING 11 00:00:22,440 --> 00:00:23,400 GROUP. 12 00:00:23,400 --> 00:00:25,640 AS MOST OF YOU KNOW, THIS 13 00:00:25,640 --> 00:00:28,240 WORKING GROUP IS NOT A FORMAL 14 00:00:28,240 --> 00:00:30,000 ADVISORY GROUP UNDER THE FEDERAL 15 00:00:30,000 --> 00:00:32,520 ADVISORY COMMITTEE ACT, IN FACT, 16 00:00:32,520 --> 00:00:34,480 IT'S AN ADVISORY GROUP TO THE 10 17 00:00:34,480 --> 00:00:36,440 ADVISORY COUNCILS OF THE 18 00:00:36,440 --> 00:00:37,640 PARTICIPATING BRAIN INSTITUTES 19 00:00:37,640 --> 00:00:39,280 AND CENTERS. 20 00:00:39,280 --> 00:00:40,600 AND IT WAS ESTABLISHED WHEN 21 00:00:40,600 --> 00:00:41,840 BRAIN WAS ESTABLISHED, BECAUSE 22 00:00:41,840 --> 00:00:44,320 OF THE RECOGNIZED NEED FOR 23 00:00:44,320 --> 00:00:46,240 DIVERSE EXPERTISE IN VARIOUS 24 00:00:46,240 --> 00:00:50,480 DISCIPLINES IN ORDER TO PROPERLY 25 00:00:50,480 --> 00:00:51,400 ASSESS AND RECEIVE THE RESEARCH 26 00:00:51,400 --> 00:00:54,280 BEING SUPPORTED THROUGH BRAIN. 27 00:00:54,280 --> 00:00:56,400 SOME OF OUR MEMBERS ARE FROM THE 28 00:00:56,400 --> 00:00:57,680 IC ADVISORY COUNCILS, AND WE 29 00:00:57,680 --> 00:00:59,080 ALSO HAVE AT-LARGE MEMBERS WHO 30 00:00:59,080 --> 00:01:00,200 HAVE BEEN APPOINTED TO 31 00:01:00,200 --> 00:01:01,600 SUPPLEMENT THE WORKING GROUP'S 32 00:01:01,600 --> 00:01:02,280 EXPERTISE. 33 00:01:02,280 --> 00:01:04,760 WE ALSO HAVE SEVERAL EX-OFFICIO 34 00:01:04,760 --> 00:01:08,600 MEMBERS FROM DARPA, THE FDA, 35 00:01:08,600 --> 00:01:12,080 IARPA AND NSF WHO ARE FOUR OF 36 00:01:12,080 --> 00:01:12,960 NIH'S FEDERAL PARTNERS INVOLVED 37 00:01:12,960 --> 00:01:14,280 IN THIS INITIATIVE. 38 00:01:14,280 --> 00:01:15,880 WE DEPEND UPON THE MULTI-COUNCIL 39 00:01:15,880 --> 00:01:18,800 WORKING GROUP FOR ONGOING 40 00:01:18,800 --> 00:01:19,600 OVERSIGHT OF THE SCIENTIFIC 41 00:01:19,600 --> 00:01:21,320 VISION AND PROGRESS OF THE BRAIN 42 00:01:21,320 --> 00:01:22,920 INITIATIVE, FOR FEEDBACK ON 43 00:01:22,920 --> 00:01:23,920 CONCEPT CLEARANCES, ONE OF WHICH 44 00:01:23,920 --> 00:01:26,200 YOU WILL BE HEARING ABOUT TODAY, 45 00:01:26,200 --> 00:01:27,920 AND FOR INPUT ON OUR FUNDING 46 00:01:27,920 --> 00:01:30,120 PLANS THAT WE WILL BE DISCUSSING 47 00:01:30,120 --> 00:01:31,480 DURING THE CLOSED SESSION. 48 00:01:31,480 --> 00:01:33,520 THE OPEN SESSION IS BEING 49 00:01:33,520 --> 00:01:34,640 VIDEOCAST AND RECORDED AND WILL 50 00:01:34,640 --> 00:01:36,720 BE ARCHIVED AND POSTED ON THE 51 00:01:36,720 --> 00:01:38,680 NIH BRAIN WEBSITE. 52 00:01:38,680 --> 00:01:41,400 THE NIH AND THE BRAIN WEBSITE. 53 00:01:41,400 --> 00:01:42,600 TODAY WE'RE GOING TO BEGIN WITH 54 00:01:42,600 --> 00:01:44,400 AN UPDATE FROM OUR BRAIN 55 00:01:44,400 --> 00:01:45,800 DIRECTOR, DR. JOHN NGAI, AND 56 00:01:45,800 --> 00:01:48,200 FOLLOWING THAT, WE'LL HEAR FROM 57 00:01:48,200 --> 00:01:49,600 DR. CHRISTINE GRADY, WHO IS THE 58 00:01:49,600 --> 00:01:50,520 CO-CHAIR OF THE NEUROETHICS 59 00:01:50,520 --> 00:01:52,120 WORKING GROUP, WHICH MET 60 00:01:52,120 --> 00:01:52,640 YESTERDAY. 61 00:01:52,640 --> 00:01:54,400 SHE WILL GIVE US A SUMMARY OF 62 00:01:54,400 --> 00:01:55,840 SOME OF THE FASCINATING 63 00:01:55,840 --> 00:01:57,160 DISCUSSIONS THAT THEY HAD AT 64 00:01:57,160 --> 00:01:58,880 YESTERDAY'S MEETING. 65 00:01:58,880 --> 00:02:03,200 AFTER THAT, WE WILL HEAR FROM 66 00:02:03,200 --> 00:02:05,120 DR. FLOH THIELS FROM THE 67 00:02:05,120 --> 00:02:05,760 NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION ON 68 00:02:05,760 --> 00:02:07,040 SOME OF THEIR BRAIN-RELATED 69 00:02:07,040 --> 00:02:08,320 EFFORTS AND LAST BUT NOT LEAST, 70 00:02:08,320 --> 00:02:10,720 IN THE OPEN SESSION, WE WILL 71 00:02:10,720 --> 00:02:13,040 HEAR FROM DR. SHUMIN WANG, WHO'S 72 00:02:13,040 --> 00:02:13,920 ONE OF THE BRAIN PROGRAM 73 00:02:13,920 --> 00:02:14,720 DIRECTORS, AND HE WILL BE 74 00:02:14,720 --> 00:02:16,240 PRESENTING A NEW CONCEPT FOR 75 00:02:16,240 --> 00:02:19,600 POSSIBLE FUNDING OPPORTUNITY. 76 00:02:19,600 --> 00:02:22,200 BRYAN ROTH AND BRUCE ROSEN HAVE 77 00:02:22,200 --> 00:02:23,120 GRACIOUSLY AGREED TO LEAD THE 78 00:02:23,120 --> 00:02:25,360 DISCUSSION ON THAT CONCEPT. 79 00:02:25,360 --> 00:02:27,040 WE HAVE ONE NEW MULTI-COUNCIL 80 00:02:27,040 --> 00:02:28,080 WORKING GROUP MEMBER THIS TIME 81 00:02:28,080 --> 00:02:30,520 JOINING US, DR. FRANK LONGO, WHO 82 00:02:30,520 --> 00:02:31,920 IS REPRESENTING THE NATIONAL 83 00:02:31,920 --> 00:02:34,600 INSTITUTE ON AGING, AND WE ARE 84 00:02:34,600 --> 00:02:36,080 ALSO SAD TO SAY THAT WE ARE 85 00:02:36,080 --> 00:02:37,320 LOSING ONE OF OUR LONG-TERM 86 00:02:37,320 --> 00:02:39,400 MEMBERS WHO HAS BEEN BOTH A 87 00:02:39,400 --> 00:02:40,480 PARTICIPANT IN THE MULTI-COUNCIL 88 00:02:40,480 --> 00:02:42,240 WORKING GROUP AND THE 89 00:02:42,240 --> 00:02:46,040 NEUROETHICS WORKING GROUP, 90 00:02:46,040 --> 00:02:48,240 DR. ELVA SERRANO. 91 00:02:48,240 --> 00:02:51,840 DR. NE NEW YEAR' 92 00:02:51,840 --> 00:02:53,480 >>FOLLOWING THE OPEN SESSION, 93 00:02:53,480 --> 00:02:55,640 WE SL A 30-MINUTE BREAK BEFORE 94 00:02:55,640 --> 00:02:56,320 BEGINNING THE CLOSED SESSION AND 95 00:02:56,320 --> 00:02:57,640 I WILL GO OVER SOME OF THE 96 00:02:57,640 --> 00:02:58,760 OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR CLOSED 97 00:02:58,760 --> 00:02:59,360 SESSION. 98 00:02:59,360 --> 00:03:01,440 AND WE EXPECT THAT TO START 99 00:03:01,440 --> 00:03:03,680 AROUND 2:30 P.M. 100 00:03:03,680 --> 00:03:04,880 THERE WILL BE A DIFFERENT ZOOM 101 00:03:04,880 --> 00:03:06,360 LINK FOR THE CLOSED SESSION 102 00:03:06,360 --> 00:03:07,880 WHICH IS FOR MEMBERS OF THE WORK 103 00:03:07,880 --> 00:03:10,960 GRAWP GROUP AND GOVERNMENT EMPLS 104 00:03:10,960 --> 00:03:11,320 ONLY. 105 00:03:11,320 --> 00:03:13,480 A FEW HOUSEKEEPING ITEMS. 106 00:03:13,480 --> 00:03:14,520 DURING SLIDE PRESENTATIONS, 107 00:03:14,520 --> 00:03:16,640 PLEASE BE SURE TO MUTE YOUR 108 00:03:16,640 --> 00:03:17,160 LINE. 109 00:03:17,160 --> 00:03:18,560 DURING THE DISCUSSION, PLEASE 110 00:03:18,560 --> 00:03:21,120 MAKE SURE YOUR VIDEO IS ON AND 111 00:03:21,120 --> 00:03:22,400 USE THE RAISE HAND OPTION IF YOU 112 00:03:22,400 --> 00:03:23,720 HAVE QUESTIONS AND WE WILL CALL 113 00:03:23,720 --> 00:03:27,080 ON YOU TO UNMUTE YOURSELF. 114 00:03:27,080 --> 00:03:28,080 BECAUSE THIS IS AN OPEN SESSION 115 00:03:28,080 --> 00:03:29,720 AND IS BEING VIDEOCAST, WE 116 00:03:29,720 --> 00:03:31,800 PREFER THAT YOU NOT USE THE CHAT 117 00:03:31,800 --> 00:03:33,480 FUNCTION FOR DISCUSSIONS SINCE 118 00:03:33,480 --> 00:03:35,320 THAT IS NOT VISIBLE THROUGH 119 00:03:35,320 --> 00:03:38,120 VIDEOCAST. 120 00:03:38,120 --> 00:03:40,080 FINALLY, I WANT TO THANK 121 00:03:40,080 --> 00:03:41,680 OUTSTANDING TEAM WHOSE HARD WORK 122 00:03:41,680 --> 00:03:43,160 WENT IN PREPARING FOR THIS 123 00:03:43,160 --> 00:03:44,920 MEETING AND OUR COMPANION 124 00:03:44,920 --> 00:03:45,760 NEUROETHICS MEETING YESTERDAY. 125 00:03:45,760 --> 00:03:52,480 IN PARTICULAR, KRISTIN DUPRE, 126 00:03:52,480 --> 00:03:56,600 DR. NINA HSU -- NOT ONLY ARE 127 00:03:56,600 --> 00:03:57,960 THEY INCREDIBLY EFFICIENT AND 128 00:03:57,960 --> 00:03:59,160 THOROUGH BUT THEY ARE REALLY A 129 00:03:59,160 --> 00:04:00,720 PLEASURE TO WORK WITH AND I AM 130 00:04:00,720 --> 00:04:02,520 VERY GRATEFUL FOR IT. 131 00:04:02,520 --> 00:04:04,400 IF ANYONE IS HAVING TECHNICAL 132 00:04:04,400 --> 00:04:07,440 PROBLEMS, PLEASE EMAIL KRISTIN 133 00:04:07,440 --> 00:04:09,200 DUPRE, AND SHE AND HER TEAM WILL 134 00:04:09,200 --> 00:04:10,720 SORT THINGS OUT FOR YOU. 135 00:04:10,720 --> 00:04:14,320 WE ARE ALSO TO HAVE FORTUNATE E 136 00:04:14,320 --> 00:04:20,360 THE HELP OF HOLLY AND THEY CAN 137 00:04:20,360 --> 00:04:22,280 ALSO HELP AS WELL. 138 00:04:22,280 --> 00:04:22,880 THAT'S MY INTRODUCTION. 139 00:04:22,880 --> 00:04:24,680 I'LL TURN IT OVER TO JOHN NOW TO 140 00:04:24,680 --> 00:04:26,160 DO AN UPDATE ON THE PROGRESS OF 141 00:04:26,160 --> 00:04:26,840 THE BRAIN INITIATIVE. 142 00:04:26,840 --> 00:04:28,040 >>THANKS, SUSAN. 143 00:04:28,040 --> 00:04:28,880 WELCOME, EVERYBODY. 144 00:04:28,880 --> 00:04:30,880 GOOD AFTERNOON OR GOOD MORNING 145 00:04:30,880 --> 00:04:32,280 IF YOU HAPPEN TO BE ON THE OTHER 146 00:04:32,280 --> 00:04:33,400 COAST. 147 00:04:33,400 --> 00:04:35,040 GLAD TO SEE YOU HERE. 148 00:04:35,040 --> 00:04:37,000 AND I'D ALSO LIKE TO ECHO 149 00:04:37,000 --> 00:04:38,880 SUSAN'S THANKS FOR ALL THE STAFF 150 00:04:38,880 --> 00:04:40,440 THAT HAVE MADE THESE MEETINGS GO 151 00:04:40,440 --> 00:04:41,960 SO WELL FOR US AND HOPEFULLY 152 00:04:41,960 --> 00:04:44,640 AGAIN TODAY FOR ALL OF YOU. 153 00:04:44,640 --> 00:04:46,160 I JUST WANTED TO SHARE A FEW 154 00:04:46,160 --> 00:04:46,960 UPDATES, ACTUALLY MORE THAN A 155 00:04:46,960 --> 00:04:49,240 FEW UPDATES, WE HAVE QUITE A BIT 156 00:04:49,240 --> 00:04:50,320 TO TELL YOU ABOUT AND HOPEFULLY 157 00:04:50,320 --> 00:04:51,840 WE CAN GENERATE SOME GOOD 158 00:04:51,840 --> 00:04:52,120 DISCUSSION. 159 00:04:52,120 --> 00:04:55,080 SO LET'S SEE IF I CAN DO THIS. 160 00:04:55,080 --> 00:05:02,480 I DID CLICK "SHARE SOUND." 161 00:05:02,480 --> 00:05:03,040 UH-OH. 162 00:05:03,040 --> 00:05:03,720 ONE SECOND. 163 00:05:03,720 --> 00:05:05,120 I MAY NOT BE ABLE TO SHARE THE 164 00:05:05,120 --> 00:05:05,520 SOUND. 165 00:05:05,520 --> 00:05:10,160 IT'S MAKING ME -- OKAY. 166 00:05:10,160 --> 00:05:14,040 WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO FOREGO 167 00:05:14,040 --> 00:05:14,320 THIS. 168 00:05:14,320 --> 00:05:15,160 WHOOPS. 169 00:05:15,160 --> 00:05:15,600 I APOLOGIZE. 170 00:05:15,600 --> 00:05:18,240 I HAD A VIDEO CLIP WITH SOUND. 171 00:05:18,240 --> 00:05:22,280 FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO KNOW THE 172 00:05:22,280 --> 00:05:23,440 LYRICS, YOU CAN SING ALONG IN 173 00:05:23,440 --> 00:05:23,920 YOUR HEAD. 174 00:05:23,920 --> 00:05:24,760 I GUESS THAT WOULD BE THE POINT 175 00:05:24,760 --> 00:05:25,440 OF THAT SLIDE. 176 00:05:25,440 --> 00:05:26,720 IT WILL BECOME CLEAR WHEN I GET 177 00:05:26,720 --> 00:05:27,160 THERE. 178 00:05:27,160 --> 00:05:27,720 SORRY. 179 00:05:27,720 --> 00:05:29,160 TECHNICAL ISSUES HERE. 180 00:05:29,160 --> 00:05:29,600 ANYWAY, WELCOME. 181 00:05:29,600 --> 00:05:30,920 I JUST WANT TO GIVE YOU A QUICK 182 00:05:30,920 --> 00:05:33,080 UPDATE OF WHAT'S BEEN GOING ON 183 00:05:33,080 --> 00:05:34,160 IN THE BRAIN INITIATIVE SINCE WE 184 00:05:34,160 --> 00:05:42,080 LAST MET IN MAY. 185 00:05:42,080 --> 00:05:44,240 SO YOU'RE SEEING THE SLIDES NOW. 186 00:05:44,240 --> 00:05:49,040 SO AS SUSAN MENTIONED, DR. ELBA 187 00:05:49,040 --> 00:05:53,880 SERRANO IS FINALLY STEPPING OFF 188 00:05:53,880 --> 00:06:02,520 OF NEWG MCWG. 189 00:06:02,520 --> 00:06:04,320 ELBA HAS REALLY DONE AMAZING 190 00:06:04,320 --> 00:06:05,760 THINGS FOR BRAIN, IN PARTICULAR, 191 00:06:05,760 --> 00:06:07,720 BUT ALSO ACROSS NIH AND ACROSS 192 00:06:07,720 --> 00:06:08,760 NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOMEDICAL 193 00:06:08,760 --> 00:06:10,080 SCIENCES IN GENERAL. 194 00:06:10,080 --> 00:06:12,000 SHE IS SOMEBODY I CONSIDER TO BE 195 00:06:12,000 --> 00:06:14,360 AN OG MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR 196 00:06:14,360 --> 00:06:16,000 NEUROBIOLOGIST AND PART OF HER 197 00:06:16,000 --> 00:06:18,080 GREATNESS IS THAT IN ADDITION TO 198 00:06:18,080 --> 00:06:20,360 DOING GREAT SCIENCE, SHE'S 199 00:06:20,360 --> 00:06:21,520 REALLY DEDICATED HER 200 00:06:21,520 --> 00:06:23,520 CONSIDERABLE PASSION INTO 201 00:06:23,520 --> 00:06:25,160 FURTHERING THE CAREERS OF YOUNG 202 00:06:25,160 --> 00:06:26,040 SCIENTISTS, ESPECIALLY 203 00:06:26,040 --> 00:06:27,480 SCIENTISTS WHO TRADITIONALLY 204 00:06:27,480 --> 00:06:29,840 HAVE NOT BEEN REPRESENTED IN OUR 205 00:06:29,840 --> 00:06:30,040 FIELD. 206 00:06:30,040 --> 00:06:31,320 SHE'S MADE SO MANY CONTRIBUTIONS 207 00:06:31,320 --> 00:06:31,840 IN THIS AREA. 208 00:06:31,840 --> 00:06:34,040 SHE WAS A FOUNDING P.I., 209 00:06:34,040 --> 00:06:36,200 COFOUNDING P.I. OF THE BRAIN 210 00:06:36,200 --> 00:06:37,520 ENDURE PROJECT AT HER 211 00:06:37,520 --> 00:06:40,040 UNIVERSITY, AND SHE SERVED IN 212 00:06:40,040 --> 00:06:41,000 ADDITION TO THESE WORKING 213 00:06:41,000 --> 00:06:42,760 GROUPS, SHE'S ALSO SERVED ON THE 214 00:06:42,760 --> 00:06:44,280 ADVISORY COMMITTEE TO THE 215 00:06:44,280 --> 00:06:45,720 DIRECTOR OF NIH, SHE'S 216 00:06:45,720 --> 00:06:47,400 CO-CHAIRED THEIR ACD DIVERSITY 217 00:06:47,400 --> 00:06:49,800 WORKING GROUP, AND ALSO HAS 218 00:06:49,800 --> 00:06:51,240 SERVED ON OTHER COUNCILS, AND 219 00:06:51,240 --> 00:06:53,600 ALSO HAS PROVIDED GREAT SERVICE 220 00:06:53,600 --> 00:06:56,560 TO THE SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE, 221 00:06:56,560 --> 00:06:58,640 SO ELBA, WE WILL MISS YOU 222 00:06:58,640 --> 00:06:59,280 DEARLY. 223 00:06:59,280 --> 00:07:00,880 I'VE LEARNED SO MUCH IN TALKING 224 00:07:00,880 --> 00:07:01,920 WITH YOU OVER THE YEARS, AND I 225 00:07:01,920 --> 00:07:03,680 THINK YOUR INPUT HAS MADE US 226 00:07:03,680 --> 00:07:04,720 BETTER, IT'S MADE US STRIVE TO 227 00:07:04,720 --> 00:07:06,240 BE BETTER IN TERMS OF DOING BET 228 00:07:06,240 --> 00:07:07,640 ARE SCIENCE, MORE INCLUSIVE 229 00:07:07,640 --> 00:07:09,040 SCIENCE AND REALLY ENSURING THAT 230 00:07:09,040 --> 00:07:10,760 WE HAVE A GREAT FUTURE AHEAD OF 231 00:07:10,760 --> 00:07:12,360 US BECAUSE OF THESE EFFORTS, SO 232 00:07:12,360 --> 00:07:12,760 THANK YOU AGAIN. 233 00:07:12,760 --> 00:07:14,120 I HOPE YOU'RE BLUSHING OUT THERE 234 00:07:14,120 --> 00:07:16,360 SOMEWHERE. 235 00:07:16,360 --> 00:07:17,560 AS SUSAN MENTIONED, WE HAVE A 236 00:07:17,560 --> 00:07:20,680 NEW MEMBER IN MCWG. 237 00:07:20,680 --> 00:07:22,040 DR. FRANK LONGO FROM STANFORD 238 00:07:22,040 --> 00:07:23,000 MEDICINE. 239 00:07:23,000 --> 00:07:25,440 HE IS OUR NEW INSTITUTIONAL 240 00:07:25,440 --> 00:07:26,520 REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE NATIONAL 241 00:07:26,520 --> 00:07:27,080 INSTITUTE ON AGING. 242 00:07:27,080 --> 00:07:27,840 WE HAVE REPRESENTATIVES FROM 243 00:07:27,840 --> 00:07:29,800 EACH OF THE 10 BRAIN ICs. 244 00:07:29,800 --> 00:07:33,040 AND HE'S TAKING OVER FROM 245 00:07:33,040 --> 00:07:33,880 DR. DAVID HOLTZMAN, WHO STEPPED 246 00:07:33,880 --> 00:07:35,240 OFF LAST MAY, WE ACKNOWLEDGED 247 00:07:35,240 --> 00:07:35,880 THAT BEFORE. 248 00:07:35,880 --> 00:07:38,120 AT STANFORD, DR. LONGO IS THE 249 00:07:38,120 --> 00:07:41,440 GEORGE E. AND LUCY BECKER 250 00:07:41,440 --> 00:07:43,040 PROFESSOR OF YOUROLOGY AND 251 00:07:43,040 --> 00:07:44,000 NEUROSURGERY AND SERVED AS CHAIR 252 00:07:44,000 --> 00:07:45,640 OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY 253 00:07:45,640 --> 00:07:47,640 AND NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES FROM 254 00:07:47,640 --> 00:07:50,440 2006 TO 2023. 255 00:07:50,440 --> 00:07:53,000 HE'S WON NUMEROUS ACCOLADES AND 256 00:07:53,000 --> 00:07:54,520 RECOGNITION FOR HIS RESEARCH 257 00:07:54,520 --> 00:07:56,160 INTERESTS AND HIS LEADERSHIP IN 258 00:07:56,160 --> 00:07:57,360 DEVELOPING TRANSLATIONAL 259 00:07:57,360 --> 00:07:59,120 APPROACHES TOWARD 260 00:07:59,120 --> 00:08:01,280 NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, AND 261 00:08:01,280 --> 00:08:02,640 HE'S PROVIDED -- HE PROVIDES 262 00:08:02,640 --> 00:08:03,840 PATIENT CARE IN THE STANFORD 263 00:08:03,840 --> 00:08:05,120 MEMORY DISORDERS CLINIC AND HE 264 00:08:05,120 --> 00:08:07,880 MENTORS MANY, MANY MEDICAL 265 00:08:07,880 --> 00:08:08,800 STUDENTS. 266 00:08:08,800 --> 00:08:10,120 SO FRANK, WE ONLY GOT TO KNOW 267 00:08:10,120 --> 00:08:11,000 EACH OTHER RECENTLY. 268 00:08:11,000 --> 00:08:12,720 I'M REALLY LOOKING FORWARD TO 269 00:08:12,720 --> 00:08:14,720 YOUR WISE INPUT AND ALL THAT YOU 270 00:08:14,720 --> 00:08:16,320 CAN DO TO HELP US MAKE BRAIN 271 00:08:16,320 --> 00:08:18,320 SERVE NOT JUST NIA BETTER BUT 272 00:08:18,320 --> 00:08:21,320 ACROSS ALL THE BRAIN ICs. 273 00:08:21,320 --> 00:08:26,360 THIS IS OUR STAFFING, WE'RE 274 00:08:26,360 --> 00:08:27,760 GROWING SLOWLY TO ACCOMMODATE 275 00:08:27,760 --> 00:08:28,760 THIS EXCITING ROAD WE'VE ALL 276 00:08:28,760 --> 00:08:30,440 BEEN ON. 277 00:08:30,440 --> 00:08:33,280 WE WELCOME MAI HABIB WHO JOINS 278 00:08:33,280 --> 00:08:35,280 AS PUBLIC AFFAIRS SPECIALIST AND 279 00:08:35,280 --> 00:08:37,960 ALSO ELIZABETH AKINBIYI, SORRY, 280 00:08:37,960 --> 00:08:40,480 LIZ, WHO JOINS AS A AAAS SCIENCE 281 00:08:40,480 --> 00:08:41,640 AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY FELLOW. 282 00:08:41,640 --> 00:08:42,840 SO WE'RE REALLY LOOKING FORWARD 283 00:08:42,840 --> 00:08:44,880 TO HAVING THEM AS PART OF THE 284 00:08:44,880 --> 00:08:46,160 GROUP, AND MANY OF YOU MAY 285 00:08:46,160 --> 00:08:47,240 INTERACT WITH THEM AS WE GO 286 00:08:47,240 --> 00:08:48,240 ALONG, AND I THINK YOU'LL FIND 287 00:08:48,240 --> 00:08:50,520 THEM TO BE GREAT TO WORK WITH, 288 00:08:50,520 --> 00:08:52,160 AS WE ALREADY HAVE IN THE SHORT 289 00:08:52,160 --> 00:08:54,240 TIME THAT THEY'VE BEEN ON BOARD. 290 00:08:54,240 --> 00:08:56,200 NOW, PART OF WHAT WE DO AT NIH 291 00:08:56,200 --> 00:08:58,960 IS WE HAVE THESE AAAS FELLOWS, 292 00:08:58,960 --> 00:09:00,480 SO IT'S LIKE RUNNING THE LAB, WE 293 00:09:00,480 --> 00:09:01,600 BRING FOLKS IN TO GET TRAINING 294 00:09:01,600 --> 00:09:03,000 AND WE LOVE TO HAVE THEM WITH US 295 00:09:03,000 --> 00:09:05,080 AND WE'RE ALWAYS SORRY TO SAY 296 00:09:05,080 --> 00:09:05,760 GOODBYE TO THEM. 297 00:09:05,760 --> 00:09:06,920 I THINK SOME OF YOU MAY HAVE 298 00:09:06,920 --> 00:09:10,680 WORKED WITH SANDEEP KISHORE WHO 299 00:09:10,680 --> 00:09:12,280 IS LEAVING AFTER TWO YEARS OF 300 00:09:12,280 --> 00:09:13,400 HIS FELLOWSHIP AS PLANNED. 301 00:09:13,400 --> 00:09:14,800 HE CAME FROM NORTHWESTERN WITH A 302 00:09:14,800 --> 00:09:16,160 GREAT BACKGROUND IN 303 00:09:16,160 --> 00:09:17,520 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY. 304 00:09:17,520 --> 00:09:19,320 HE'S DONE A LOT FOR US IN 305 00:09:19,320 --> 00:09:20,440 DIFFERENT AREAS, INCLUDING 306 00:09:20,440 --> 00:09:22,760 POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS, 307 00:09:22,760 --> 00:09:24,560 AND HE REALLY PLAYED A GOOD 308 00:09:24,560 --> 00:09:26,960 STRONG ROLE IN DEVELOPING THE 309 00:09:26,960 --> 00:09:28,680 BRAIN BEHAVIOR QUANTIFICATION 310 00:09:28,680 --> 00:09:30,440 AND SYNCHRONIZATION PROJECT, AND 311 00:09:30,440 --> 00:09:37,000 HE'S JOINING THE DNBBS IN THE 312 00:09:37,000 --> 00:09:39,440 BRANCH OF NEUROBIOLOGY AT NIMH. 313 00:09:39,440 --> 00:09:40,760 SO SOME OF YOU MAY HAVE A CHANCE 314 00:09:40,760 --> 00:09:44,280 TO WORK WITH HIM AS -- IN HIS 315 00:09:44,280 --> 00:09:45,440 NEW ROLE AND PROGRAM OFFICER, 316 00:09:45,440 --> 00:09:46,520 AND I UNDERSTAND THAT HE WILL 317 00:09:46,520 --> 00:09:48,760 ALSO CONTINUE TO BE INVOLVED IN 318 00:09:48,760 --> 00:09:51,640 THE BBQS PROGRAM, SO HOPEFULLY 319 00:09:51,640 --> 00:09:52,760 YOU'LL GET TO HAVE LOTS OF 320 00:09:52,760 --> 00:09:53,560 OPPORTUNITIES TO INTERACT WITH 321 00:09:53,560 --> 00:09:53,920 HIM. 322 00:09:53,920 --> 00:09:55,040 IT'S REALLY BEEN A GREAT TIME, 323 00:09:55,040 --> 00:09:57,960 AND WE'RE SORRY TO SEE HIM GO, 324 00:09:57,960 --> 00:09:59,240 BUT IT'S GREAT TO SEE THE 325 00:09:59,240 --> 00:10:00,960 FELLOWS MOVE ON TO THEIR NEXT 326 00:10:00,960 --> 00:10:01,960 STAGES IN THEIR CAREER. 327 00:10:01,960 --> 00:10:03,360 AS SOME OF YOU MAY KNOW, THE 328 00:10:03,360 --> 00:10:04,920 BRAIN PORTFOLIO IS MANAGED BY 329 00:10:04,920 --> 00:10:06,000 NINE PROJECT TEAMS, SO HERE THEY 330 00:10:06,000 --> 00:10:07,760 ARE LISTED. 331 00:10:07,760 --> 00:10:09,400 WITH THE VARIOUS CO-LEADS. 332 00:10:09,400 --> 00:10:10,840 SO IF ANY OF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS 333 00:10:10,840 --> 00:10:13,000 ABOUT THESE PROGRAMS, YOU CAN 334 00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:16,160 FIND THEM THERE. 335 00:10:16,160 --> 00:10:18,480 AND WE COULDN'T DO ANY OF THIS 336 00:10:18,480 --> 00:10:21,000 WITHOUT THANKING 150-SOME-ODD 337 00:10:21,000 --> 00:10:22,720 CONTRIBUTORS ACROSS THE 10 338 00:10:22,720 --> 00:10:24,040 ICs. 339 00:10:24,040 --> 00:10:25,280 AND I KNOW I'M GOING TO 340 00:10:25,280 --> 00:10:26,320 APOLOGIZE IN ADVANCE, FOLKS, IF 341 00:10:26,320 --> 00:10:27,320 YOUR NAME IS NOT THERE, JUST 342 00:10:27,320 --> 00:10:28,800 TELL US, WE'LL ADD IT ON. 343 00:10:28,800 --> 00:10:30,200 IT BEEN A BIG LIFT GETTING ALL 344 00:10:30,200 --> 00:10:30,720 THE NAMES STRAIGHT. 345 00:10:30,720 --> 00:10:32,000 WE'RE DOING OUR BEST. 346 00:10:32,000 --> 00:10:36,840 BUT THIS JUST REFRECTS THE HUGEE 347 00:10:36,840 --> 00:10:37,840 EFFORT TO RAIN THIS THING WE 348 00:10:37,840 --> 00:10:39,880 CALL THE BRAIN INITIATIVE. 349 00:10:39,880 --> 00:10:40,960 THE BUDGET, THIS LOOKS PRETTY 350 00:10:40,960 --> 00:10:42,120 MUCH THE SAME AS IT DID LAST 351 00:10:42,120 --> 00:10:42,880 TIME IN MAY. 352 00:10:42,880 --> 00:10:45,800 THIS IS WHAT OUR BUDGET OUTLOOK 353 00:10:45,800 --> 00:10:47,400 IS THROUGH THE CURRENT FISCAL 354 00:10:47,400 --> 00:10:48,320 YEAR, FY 23. 355 00:10:48,320 --> 00:10:52,440 SO FAR WE'VE INVESTED OVER 356 00:10:52,440 --> 00:10:55,360 $3 BILLION OVER 1300 PROJECTS 357 00:10:55,360 --> 00:10:55,840 SINCE 2014. 358 00:10:55,840 --> 00:10:58,480 WE A ARE ALL NOW ANXIOUSLY 359 00:10:58,480 --> 00:11:01,440 AWAITING WHAT -- TO SEE WHAT 360 00:11:01,440 --> 00:11:02,720 CONGRESS HAS IN STORE FOR US BUT 361 00:11:02,720 --> 00:11:04,560 RIGHT NOW WE'RE ON A GREAT 362 00:11:04,560 --> 00:11:05,920 TRAJECTORY DUE IN LARGE PART TO 363 00:11:05,920 --> 00:11:07,080 THE GREAT CONFIDENCE THAT 364 00:11:07,080 --> 00:11:08,200 CONGRESS HAS PUT IN THE WORK 365 00:11:08,200 --> 00:11:09,840 THAT WE ARE SUPPORTING. 366 00:11:09,840 --> 00:11:10,320 OKAY. 367 00:11:10,320 --> 00:11:14,280 SO JUST A BIT ABOUT POLICY 368 00:11:14,280 --> 00:11:15,280 TIMING AND COMMUNICATIONS. 369 00:11:15,280 --> 00:11:17,440 YOU MAY HAVE NOTICED THE LOOK OF 370 00:11:17,440 --> 00:11:18,440 THE SLIDES IS A BIT DIFFERENT. 371 00:11:18,440 --> 00:11:20,040 I THINK IT'S REALLY QUITE SLEEK. 372 00:11:20,040 --> 00:11:23,280 OUR WEB TEAM, WHICH HAS BEEN LED 373 00:11:23,280 --> 00:11:26,480 BY YASMINE AND OTHERS REALLY PUT 374 00:11:26,480 --> 00:11:29,360 BLOOD, SWEAT AND TEARS INTO 375 00:11:29,360 --> 00:11:31,120 TRANSFORMING OUR OLD WEBSITE 376 00:11:31,120 --> 00:11:32,680 WHICH WAS FUNCTIONAL INTO WHAT 377 00:11:32,680 --> 00:11:34,240 WE THINK IS A NEW AND IMPROVED 378 00:11:34,240 --> 00:11:34,520 WEBSITE. 379 00:11:34,520 --> 00:11:36,040 MUCH EASIER TO NAVIGATE, AND I 380 00:11:36,040 --> 00:11:39,920 HOPE YOU CAN APPRECIATE THE 381 00:11:39,920 --> 00:11:40,760 MYRIAD PIECES THAT HAD TO BE 382 00:11:40,760 --> 00:11:42,440 FITTED IN AND LINKED TO BUT I 383 00:11:42,440 --> 00:11:44,920 THINK RIGHT NOW IT WILL BE MUCH 384 00:11:44,920 --> 00:11:46,600 EASIER FOR FOLKS TO FIND 385 00:11:46,600 --> 00:11:47,840 CONTENT, FIND INFORMATION ABOUT 386 00:11:47,840 --> 00:11:50,120 THE PROGRAMS THAT WE SUPPORT AND 387 00:11:50,120 --> 00:11:51,400 THE FUNDING OPPORTUNITY 388 00:11:51,400 --> 00:11:52,800 ANNOUNCEMENTS, SO I'D INVITE YOU 389 00:11:52,800 --> 00:11:54,000 TO LOG IN WHEN YOU GET A CHANCE 390 00:11:54,000 --> 00:11:56,080 IF YOU'RE LOOKING FOR STUFF, AND 391 00:11:56,080 --> 00:11:57,520 IF YOU HAVE ANY FEEDBACK ON THE 392 00:11:57,520 --> 00:11:59,200 WEBSITE, ESPECIALLY IF YOU FIND 393 00:11:59,200 --> 00:12:01,680 ANY GLITCHES, LET US KNOW, THIS 394 00:12:01,680 --> 00:12:03,200 IS ALWAYS A WORK IN PROGRESS BUT 395 00:12:03,200 --> 00:12:05,400 I THINK THIS WILL MAKE FINDING 396 00:12:05,400 --> 00:12:06,520 INFORMATION ABOUT THE BRAIN 397 00:12:06,520 --> 00:12:07,720 INITIATIVE MUCH EASIER FOR ALL 398 00:12:07,720 --> 00:12:08,480 INVOLVED. 399 00:12:08,480 --> 00:12:10,280 SO GREAT THANKS TO THE TEAM FOR 400 00:12:10,280 --> 00:12:12,720 DOING THIS JOB, IT WAS A 401 00:12:12,720 --> 00:12:14,560 HUMONGOUS LIFT. 402 00:12:14,560 --> 00:12:17,200 WE HAD THE GREAT PLEASURE OF 403 00:12:17,200 --> 00:12:18,640 HOLDING THE BRAIN INITIATIVE 404 00:12:18,640 --> 00:12:19,960 MEETING, THE NINTH ANNUAL BRAIN 405 00:12:19,960 --> 00:12:21,480 INITIATIVE MEETING AS A HYBRID 406 00:12:21,480 --> 00:12:22,680 EVENT, WHICH MEANS THAT WE HAD 407 00:12:22,680 --> 00:12:24,520 AN IN-PERSON EVENT FROM 408 00:12:24,520 --> 00:12:26,000 JUNE 12TH TO 13TH. 409 00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:27,480 2800 PEOPLE REGISTERED. 410 00:12:27,480 --> 00:12:29,360 IT TURNED OUT ABOUT 820 PEOPLE 411 00:12:29,360 --> 00:12:31,000 ACTUALLY SHOWED UP IN PERSON. 412 00:12:31,000 --> 00:12:32,280 A LITTLE OVER A THOUSAND PEOPLE 413 00:12:32,280 --> 00:12:35,040 REGISTERED IN PERSON, AND OVER 414 00:12:35,040 --> 00:12:37,960 820 SHOWED UP IN PERSON, AND 415 00:12:37,960 --> 00:12:38,880 ABOUT 1250 PEOPLE SIGNED ON 416 00:12:38,880 --> 00:12:39,240 VIRTUALLY. 417 00:12:39,240 --> 00:12:41,720 SO WE HAD 2,000 PEOPLE ACTUALLY 418 00:12:41,720 --> 00:12:44,760 ATTENDING THE MEETING, WHICH IS 419 00:12:44,760 --> 00:12:44,960 GREAT. 420 00:12:44,960 --> 00:12:50,800 WE HAD A SERIES OF PLENARY 421 00:12:50,800 --> 00:12:52,880 LECTURES, THREE COVERING THE 422 00:12:52,880 --> 00:12:56,360 GAMUT FROM THE ETHICAL LEGAL 423 00:12:56,360 --> 00:12:57,360 SOCIETAL IMPACTS OF WHAT WE'RE 424 00:12:57,360 --> 00:12:58,760 DOING WITH THESE NEWER 425 00:12:58,760 --> 00:13:00,000 TECHNOLOGIES, THAT WAS THE 426 00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:01,120 PLENARY OPENING. 427 00:13:01,120 --> 00:13:02,840 WE HAD A GREAT OVERVIEW OF 428 00:13:02,840 --> 00:13:05,520 DIFFERENT APPROACHES LEADING TO 429 00:13:05,520 --> 00:13:09,080 INVASIVE DBS TYPE APPROACHES FOR 430 00:13:09,080 --> 00:13:11,960 TREATING VARIOUS BRAIN DISORDERS 431 00:13:11,960 --> 00:13:16,280 AND WE HAD A STUNNING LECTURE ON 432 00:13:16,280 --> 00:13:18,880 TEASING APART THE NEUROCIRCUITRY 433 00:13:18,880 --> 00:13:20,320 UNDERLYING OLFACTORY NAVIGATION 434 00:13:20,320 --> 00:13:21,960 IN THE FRUIT FLY, STARTING FROM 435 00:13:21,960 --> 00:13:23,040 CHEMICAL RECOGNITION ALL THE WAY 436 00:13:23,040 --> 00:13:25,200 THROUGH THE CIRCUITS, 437 00:13:25,200 --> 00:13:26,840 COMPUTATIONS, AND WE HAD A 438 00:13:26,840 --> 00:13:29,760 VARIETY OF SYMPOSIA COVERING A 439 00:13:29,760 --> 00:13:30,920 NUMBER OF AREAS. 440 00:13:30,920 --> 00:13:32,240 VERY, VERY EXCITING, AND I'LL 441 00:13:32,240 --> 00:13:33,320 SHOW YOU SOME PICTURES FROM THAT 442 00:13:33,320 --> 00:13:34,520 EVENT. 443 00:13:34,520 --> 00:13:36,200 THESE ARE JUST SOME QUICK 444 00:13:36,200 --> 00:13:38,640 STATISTICS OF WHAT IT LOOKED 445 00:13:38,640 --> 00:13:39,840 LIKE ON REGISTRATION ON THE 446 00:13:39,840 --> 00:13:40,040 LEFT. 447 00:13:40,040 --> 00:13:43,160 YOU CAN SEE WE HAD A BIG BUMP IN 448 00:13:43,160 --> 00:13:43,880 VIRTUAL REGISTRATION WHEN WE 449 00:13:43,880 --> 00:13:46,240 HELD THE MEETING ALL VIRTUAL IN 450 00:13:46,240 --> 00:13:48,000 2020, 2021 AND 2022. 451 00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:51,640 AND YOU CAN SEE THAT FROM 2019, 452 00:13:51,640 --> 00:13:56,440 WE HAD ABOUT 12 OR 1300 PEOPLE 453 00:13:56,440 --> 00:13:56,720 REGISTER. 454 00:13:56,720 --> 00:13:59,080 IF YOU LOOK AT WHAT WE DID IN 455 00:13:59,080 --> 00:14:00,560 2023, THE OVERALL NUMBER WENT UP 456 00:14:00,560 --> 00:14:01,400 QUITE A BIT. 457 00:14:01,400 --> 00:14:03,000 NOW THESE ARE JUST FOLKS WHO 458 00:14:03,000 --> 00:14:04,240 REGISTERED, BUT AGAIN, I'LL PULL 459 00:14:04,240 --> 00:14:07,280 YOU BACK TO THE NOTES WE HAD 460 00:14:07,280 --> 00:14:08,320 BEFORE, ABOUT 2,000 PEOPLE 461 00:14:08,320 --> 00:14:09,200 ACTUALLY ATTENDED EITHER IN 462 00:14:09,200 --> 00:14:11,080 PERSON OR VIRTUALLY. 463 00:14:11,080 --> 00:14:12,560 SO WHATEVER THE CASE, WE'RE 464 00:14:12,560 --> 00:14:14,000 GETTING A MUCH -- WE'RE REACHING 465 00:14:14,000 --> 00:14:15,760 A MUCH LARGER AUDIENCE, WHICH IS 466 00:14:15,760 --> 00:14:17,320 GOOD, AND I THINK THE VIRTUAL 467 00:14:17,320 --> 00:14:18,920 COMPONENT AT THIS POINT IS A 468 00:14:18,920 --> 00:14:19,920 FEATURE, NOT A BUG. 469 00:14:19,920 --> 00:14:21,200 IT'S GREAT TO HAVE FOLKS IN 470 00:14:21,200 --> 00:14:22,320 PERSON, I'LL SHOW YOU SOME 471 00:14:22,320 --> 00:14:23,400 PICTURES FROM THE EVENT ITSELF, 472 00:14:23,400 --> 00:14:25,760 BUT HAVING THE VIRTUAL COMPONENT 473 00:14:25,760 --> 00:14:27,920 REALLY GIVES US MUCH GREATER 474 00:14:27,920 --> 00:14:29,200 ACCESS TO FOLKS WHO EITHER 475 00:14:29,200 --> 00:14:33,400 CANNOT MAKE IT OR JUST CHOOSE 476 00:14:33,400 --> 00:14:34,600 NOT TO MAKE THE TRIP TO 477 00:14:34,600 --> 00:14:35,040 BETHESDA. 478 00:14:35,040 --> 00:14:37,000 WE ALSO HAD QUITE A FEW NUMBER 479 00:14:37,000 --> 00:14:38,640 OF POSTERS PRESENTED IN 2023, 480 00:14:38,640 --> 00:14:39,840 SOME OF WHICH WERE PRESENTED 481 00:14:39,840 --> 00:14:40,600 VIRTUALLY. 482 00:14:40,600 --> 00:14:41,920 OVER 500 POSTERS WERE PRESENTED, 483 00:14:41,920 --> 00:14:42,640 WHICH IS GREAT. 484 00:14:42,640 --> 00:14:45,080 AGAIN, IF YOU GO BACK TO 2019, 485 00:14:45,080 --> 00:14:46,640 IT REFLECTS A MODEST INCREASE AS 486 00:14:46,640 --> 00:14:46,880 WELL. 487 00:14:46,880 --> 00:14:48,920 SO I LOOK AT THE PANDEMIC YEARS 488 00:14:48,920 --> 00:14:50,880 AS BEING OUTLIERS, BUT IF YOU GO 489 00:14:50,880 --> 00:14:53,200 BACK TO THE BEFORE TIMES, I 490 00:14:53,200 --> 00:14:55,240 THINK WE'RE SEEING AN INCREASED 491 00:14:55,240 --> 00:14:55,800 INTEREST IN THE BRAIN 492 00:14:55,800 --> 00:14:57,120 INITIATIVE, AT LEAST THROUGH THE 493 00:14:57,120 --> 00:14:57,480 MEETING ITSELF. 494 00:14:57,480 --> 00:14:58,520 SO VERY, VERY EXCITED ABOUT 495 00:14:58,520 --> 00:14:58,960 THAT. 496 00:14:58,960 --> 00:15:00,760 THIS JUST GIVES YOU AN IDEA OF 497 00:15:00,760 --> 00:15:04,440 HOW FAR WE REACHED. 498 00:15:04,440 --> 00:15:05,960 FROM WITHIN THE U.S., FOLKS CAME 499 00:15:05,960 --> 00:15:08,480 FROM FOUR TO FIVE U.S. STATES 500 00:15:08,480 --> 00:15:09,920 PLUS THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 501 00:15:09,920 --> 00:15:11,040 WE'RE MISSING THREE, FOUR STATES 502 00:15:11,040 --> 00:15:12,720 IN THERE, WE'LL WORK HARD TO 503 00:15:12,720 --> 00:15:14,160 REACH OUT TO THE NEUROSCIENTISTS 504 00:15:14,160 --> 00:15:17,560 IN THOSE STATES. 505 00:15:17,560 --> 00:15:18,760 BUT VERY IMPORTANTLY WE REACHED 506 00:15:18,760 --> 00:15:20,080 OUT TO 68 OTHER COUNTRIES 507 00:15:20,080 --> 00:15:20,880 BESIDES THE UNITED STATES. 508 00:15:20,880 --> 00:15:22,640 SO THIS REALLY REFLECTS A GREAT 509 00:15:22,640 --> 00:15:23,120 REACH. 510 00:15:23,120 --> 00:15:24,120 SO WE'RE VERY, VERY EXCITED 511 00:15:24,120 --> 00:15:27,640 ABOUT THAT AS WELL. 512 00:15:27,640 --> 00:15:29,760 WE LOOK FORWARD TO HAVING OUR 513 00:15:29,760 --> 00:15:30,720 TENTH ANNUAL MEETING NEXT YEAR, 514 00:15:30,720 --> 00:15:31,560 I AT ANY TIME PUT IT ON THE 515 00:15:31,560 --> 00:15:32,440 SLIDE BUT HOLD THE DATE. 516 00:15:32,440 --> 00:15:34,960 IT WILL BE JUNE 18TH -- SORRY, 517 00:15:34,960 --> 00:15:37,040 JUNE 17TH AND 18TH, 2024. 518 00:15:37,040 --> 00:15:39,440 SO THERE WILL BE MORE 519 00:15:39,440 --> 00:15:40,200 INFORMATION COMING UP FOR THAT. 520 00:15:40,200 --> 00:15:41,520 THE STAFF IS WORKING VERY HARD 521 00:15:41,520 --> 00:15:44,120 TO GET THAT MEETING SE SET UP AD 522 00:15:44,120 --> 00:15:45,400 I'LL BE GETTING YOU UPDATES ON 523 00:15:45,400 --> 00:15:47,440 THAT AS WE GOING ALONG. 524 00:15:47,440 --> 00:15:50,000 OKAY, SO HERE ARE JUST A FEW 525 00:15:50,000 --> 00:15:51,320 PICTURES FROM THE EVENTS. 526 00:15:51,320 --> 00:15:53,240 WE HAD A PREMEETING EVENT ON 527 00:15:53,240 --> 00:15:55,880 SUNDAY EVENING AND HERE'S ONE OF 528 00:15:55,880 --> 00:15:58,160 OUR CO-LEADS GIVING A 529 00:15:58,160 --> 00:15:59,400 PRESENTATION TO FOLKS ABOUT 530 00:15:59,400 --> 00:16:01,240 NAVIGATING THE NIH GRANT SYSTEM. 531 00:16:01,240 --> 00:16:03,360 IT WAS REALLY INCREDIBLE JUST TO 532 00:16:03,360 --> 00:16:04,600 SEE FOLKS IN THE ROOM AND 533 00:16:04,600 --> 00:16:07,160 INTERACTING THIS WAY. 534 00:16:07,160 --> 00:16:12,480 THIS WAS THE PLENARY SESSION, 535 00:16:12,480 --> 00:16:13,200 REALLY TERRIFIC. 536 00:16:13,200 --> 00:16:14,680 THE POSTER SESSIONS WERE GREAT. 537 00:16:14,680 --> 00:16:17,400 I NORMALLY HAVE AN AVERSION TO 538 00:16:17,400 --> 00:16:18,400 POSTER SESSIONS BUT I JUST 539 00:16:18,400 --> 00:16:19,560 COULDN'T HELP TO DIVE IN AND 540 00:16:19,560 --> 00:16:20,680 SOAK IT ALL IN. 541 00:16:20,680 --> 00:16:23,960 HERE'S ONE OF THE SESSIONS, THE 542 00:16:23,960 --> 00:16:26,560 OCTOPUS' GARDEN I CALL THIS, AND 543 00:16:26,560 --> 00:16:29,200 A GREAT OPPORTUNITY TO INTERACT 544 00:16:29,200 --> 00:16:30,000 INFORMALLY, SO LOOKING FORWARD 545 00:16:30,000 --> 00:16:32,920 TO SEEING YOU ALL AGAIN NEXT 546 00:16:32,920 --> 00:16:34,240 YEAR, AND WE COULDN'T HAVE DONE 547 00:16:34,240 --> 00:16:35,640 THIS WITHOUT OUR INCREDIBLE 548 00:16:35,640 --> 00:16:36,600 PROGRAM COMMITTEE AS WELL AS 549 00:16:36,600 --> 00:16:37,640 STAFF THAT MADE THIS EVENT 550 00:16:37,640 --> 00:16:37,880 HAPPEN. 551 00:16:37,880 --> 00:16:40,360 IT WAS REALLY A GREAT EVENT AND 552 00:16:40,360 --> 00:16:41,960 WE STRIVE TO MAKE NEXT YEAR'S 553 00:16:41,960 --> 00:16:43,120 EVENT EVEN BETTER. 554 00:16:43,120 --> 00:16:44,240 SO IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING THE 555 00:16:44,240 --> 00:16:48,400 BRAIN MEETING ON THE 12TH AND 556 00:16:48,400 --> 00:16:49,720 13TH, A GROUP OF US HEADED DOWN 557 00:16:49,720 --> 00:16:51,000 TO THE HILL TO GIVE A BRIEFING 558 00:16:51,000 --> 00:16:53,040 TO THE CONGRESSIONAL 559 00:16:53,040 --> 00:16:53,840 NEUROSCIENCE CAUCUS. 560 00:16:53,840 --> 00:16:56,000 THIS WAS SPONSORED BY THE GROUPS 561 00:16:56,000 --> 00:16:58,280 THAT YOU SAW BEFORE ORGANIZED BY 562 00:16:58,280 --> 00:16:59,480 THE AMERICAN BRAIN COALITION. 563 00:16:59,480 --> 00:17:01,200 THE CONGRESSIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 564 00:17:01,200 --> 00:17:03,040 CAUCUS IS A CAUCUS OF INTERESTED 565 00:17:03,040 --> 00:17:04,440 MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. 566 00:17:04,440 --> 00:17:06,320 IT'S CO-CHAIRED BY 567 00:17:06,320 --> 00:17:09,680 REPRESENTATIVE EARL BLUMENAUER 568 00:17:09,680 --> 00:17:12,520 FROM OREGON AND NOW A NEW CHAIR, 569 00:17:12,520 --> 00:17:14,600 REPRESENTATIVE MORGAN LUTTRELL 570 00:17:14,600 --> 00:17:15,920 FROM TEXAS, THE HOUSTON AREA. 571 00:17:15,920 --> 00:17:17,560 WE BROUGHT A COUPLE PANELS WITH 572 00:17:17,560 --> 00:17:20,720 US. 573 00:17:20,720 --> 00:17:26,840 WE HAD KAFUI DZIRASA AS 574 00:17:26,840 --> 00:17:29,960 MODERATOR AND LET THE FOLKS ON 575 00:17:29,960 --> 00:17:31,040 THE HILL KNOW ALL THE GREAT 576 00:17:31,040 --> 00:17:32,720 THINGS WE'RE DOING AND TO SHOW 577 00:17:32,720 --> 00:17:33,880 THEM THAT WE ARE MAKING AN 578 00:17:33,880 --> 00:17:38,880 IMPACT IN THE CLIPP CLINIC TODAS 579 00:17:38,880 --> 00:17:40,040 WELL AS LAYING DOWN A FOUNDATION 580 00:17:40,040 --> 00:17:44,160 FOR THE FUTURE SO TO THAT END, 581 00:17:44,160 --> 00:17:46,760 DR. NICOLE PROVENZA CAME ALONG 582 00:17:46,760 --> 00:17:49,680 WITH HER FIRST OCD PATIENT THEY 583 00:17:49,680 --> 00:17:53,000 TREATED WITH DBS, SUCCESSFULLY, 584 00:17:53,000 --> 00:17:53,760 I MIGHT ADD. 585 00:17:53,760 --> 00:17:55,200 KATIE IS SECOND FROM THE LEFT 586 00:17:55,200 --> 00:17:57,200 STANDING BETWEEN KAF AND MYSELF. 587 00:17:57,200 --> 00:17:58,360 NICOLE IS STANDING NEXT TO THE 588 00:17:58,360 --> 00:18:00,960 TALL GENTLEMAN ON THE RIGHT, WHO 589 00:18:00,960 --> 00:18:03,680 WAS DR. ED LEIN, LEADING THE 590 00:18:03,680 --> 00:18:04,800 ALLEN INSTITUTE'S EFFORTS IN THE 591 00:18:04,800 --> 00:18:07,760 HUMAN CELL ATLAS PROJECT THAT 592 00:18:07,760 --> 00:18:08,760 WE -- HUMAN BRAIN CELLS PROJECT 593 00:18:08,760 --> 00:18:11,040 THAT WE ARE FUNDING, AND ED GAVE 594 00:18:11,040 --> 00:18:13,960 A GREAT SHORT DISCUSSION ABOUT 595 00:18:13,960 --> 00:18:16,880 THE VALUE OF THAT KIND OF 596 00:18:16,880 --> 00:18:18,280 FOUNDATIONAL WORK IN TERMS OF 597 00:18:18,280 --> 00:18:21,960 LAYING DOWN THE FOUNDATION FOR 598 00:18:21,960 --> 00:18:23,080 FUTURE CURES. 599 00:18:23,080 --> 00:18:27,000 AND SITTING IN THE MIDDLE IS JEN 600 00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:28,120 FRENCH, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AND 601 00:18:28,120 --> 00:18:29,800 FOUNDER OF THE NEUROTECH 602 00:18:29,800 --> 00:18:31,200 NETWORK, WHOSE MISSION IS TO 603 00:18:31,200 --> 00:18:32,920 HELP TRANSLATE THESE 604 00:18:32,920 --> 00:18:34,360 NEUROTECHNOLOGIES TO BENEFIT 605 00:18:34,360 --> 00:18:37,280 PATIENTS SUCH AS HERSELF TO LEAD 606 00:18:37,280 --> 00:18:38,360 BETTER AND MORE FULFILLING 607 00:18:38,360 --> 00:18:38,760 LIVES. 608 00:18:38,760 --> 00:18:41,440 SO IT WAS A GREAT BRIEFING, WE 609 00:18:41,440 --> 00:18:42,520 HAD A LOT OF GREAT DISCUSSION 610 00:18:42,520 --> 00:18:44,840 WITH THEM, AND WE HOPE TO 611 00:18:44,840 --> 00:18:51,600 CONTINUE TO COMMUNICATE A THEETE 612 00:18:51,600 --> 00:18:53,200 FINDINGS TO CONTINUE TO ENJOY 613 00:18:53,200 --> 00:18:54,360 THE VERY STRONG SUPPORT WE HAVE 614 00:18:54,360 --> 00:18:54,720 FROM CONGRESS. 615 00:18:54,720 --> 00:18:55,880 SO THAT WAS THE DAY AFTER. 616 00:18:55,880 --> 00:18:57,600 AND SINCE WE LAST MET HERE, 617 00:18:57,600 --> 00:18:59,560 WE'VE HAD A NUMBER OF WORKSHOPS 618 00:18:59,560 --> 00:19:02,200 THAT WE'VE SPONSORED. 619 00:19:02,200 --> 00:19:05,560 WE RECENTLY SPONSORED AT END OF 620 00:19:05,560 --> 00:19:07,440 JUNE A WORKSHOP TOGETHER WITH 621 00:19:07,440 --> 00:19:09,640 NSF AND NIH BLUEPRINT, A NEXT 622 00:19:09,640 --> 00:19:11,040 FRONTIERS WORKSHOP IN 623 00:19:11,040 --> 00:19:11,720 CONSCIOUSNESS RESEARCH. 624 00:19:11,720 --> 00:19:13,360 HERE THE GOAL IS TO GATHER 625 00:19:13,360 --> 00:19:14,320 EXPERTS ACROSS DIFFERENT 626 00:19:14,320 --> 00:19:15,480 DISCIPLINES TO SEE WHAT IS THE 627 00:19:15,480 --> 00:19:17,200 STATE OF THE ART IN TERMS OF OUR 628 00:19:17,200 --> 00:19:18,720 ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND THE 629 00:19:18,720 --> 00:19:19,720 NEUROMECHANISMS OF 630 00:19:19,720 --> 00:19:20,040 CONSCIOUSNESS. 631 00:19:20,040 --> 00:19:22,320 AND IT'S A VERY LARGE AND TOUGH 632 00:19:22,320 --> 00:19:22,880 SUBJECT. 633 00:19:22,880 --> 00:19:25,760 WE DISCUSSED BOTH EMPIRICAL 634 00:19:25,760 --> 00:19:26,640 APPROACHES AND ATTEMPTED TO 635 00:19:26,640 --> 00:19:28,200 DEVELOP A ROAD MAP FOR FUTURE 636 00:19:28,200 --> 00:19:30,080 RESEARCH IN THIS AREA, AND I 637 00:19:30,080 --> 00:19:31,760 SHOULD POINT OUT THAT THE 638 00:19:31,760 --> 00:19:34,160 IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING THE 639 00:19:34,160 --> 00:19:35,120 NEUROBASE OF THE CONSCIOUSNESS 640 00:19:35,120 --> 00:19:37,360 WAS A MAIN THEME OF THE BRAIN 641 00:19:37,360 --> 00:19:38,720 2.0 NEUROETHICS REPORT. 642 00:19:38,720 --> 00:19:40,880 SO A FEW KEY INSIGHTS WERE 643 00:19:40,880 --> 00:19:42,640 OBTAINED IN TERMS OF TRYING TO 644 00:19:42,640 --> 00:19:44,440 UNDERSTAND CONSCIOUSNESS AS A 645 00:19:44,440 --> 00:19:46,480 BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENON, AND ALSO 646 00:19:46,480 --> 00:19:49,680 TO TRY TO FIND AN OPERATIONAL 647 00:19:49,680 --> 00:19:50,560 DEFINITION OF CONSCIOUSNESS SO 648 00:19:50,560 --> 00:19:51,720 THAT WE CAN ACTUALLY START 649 00:19:51,720 --> 00:19:53,280 GETTING SOME TRACTION ON THE 650 00:19:53,280 --> 00:19:53,800 MECHANISMS. 651 00:19:53,800 --> 00:19:56,680 AND VERY IMPORTANTLY, I THINK, A 652 00:19:56,680 --> 00:19:57,520 PRACTICAL -- ONE PRACTICAL 653 00:19:57,520 --> 00:20:00,520 ASPECT OF THIS IS IN TRYING TO 654 00:20:00,520 --> 00:20:02,960 UNDERSTAND THE STATE OF 655 00:20:02,960 --> 00:20:04,960 CONSCIOUSNESS IN PATIENTS THAT 656 00:20:04,960 --> 00:20:06,840 ARE IN COMA OR SUFFERED SEVERE 657 00:20:06,840 --> 00:20:08,080 BRAIN INJURIES IN ORDER TO 658 00:20:08,080 --> 00:20:10,400 HOPEFULLY FIND A BETTER WAY TO 659 00:20:10,400 --> 00:20:12,000 CARE FOR THESE PATIENTS AND ALSO 660 00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:12,640 HELP THEIR FAMILY. 661 00:20:12,640 --> 00:20:13,840 SO LOTS MORE TO COME FROM THIS. 662 00:20:13,840 --> 00:20:16,480 I WOULD SAY THAT WITH A TOPIC 663 00:20:16,480 --> 00:20:19,320 LIKE CONSCIOUSNESS, PROBABLY AS 664 00:20:19,320 --> 00:20:21,280 MANY OR MORE QUESTIONS WERE 665 00:20:21,280 --> 00:20:22,520 RAISED AS ANSWERS BUT THERE WERE 666 00:20:22,520 --> 00:20:23,680 GOOD QUESTIONS THAT CAME UP, SO 667 00:20:23,680 --> 00:20:25,080 WE'LL BE FOLLOWING UP ON THOSE 668 00:20:25,080 --> 00:20:30,800 FINDINGS AS WELL. 669 00:20:30,800 --> 00:20:35,040 OUR TEAM LED BY DR. MICHELLE 670 00:20:35,040 --> 00:20:36,800 JONES LEONARD PUT ON THIS GREAT 671 00:20:36,800 --> 00:20:38,760 WHAT WE CALL WRITING YOUR OWN 672 00:20:38,760 --> 00:20:39,880 BLUEPRINT WORKSHOP THAT BROUGHT 673 00:20:39,880 --> 00:20:41,960 TOGETHER TRAINEES SUPPORTED BY 674 00:20:41,960 --> 00:20:45,040 THE DSPAN, THE ENDURE PROGRAM, 675 00:20:45,040 --> 00:20:46,680 WHICH UNTIL JUST RECENTLY WAS A 676 00:20:46,680 --> 00:20:52,560 BLUEPRINT PROGRAM BUT NOW IS 677 00:20:52,560 --> 00:20:57,080 A -- OUR K99/R00 AWARDEES, TO 678 00:20:57,080 --> 00:20:58,560 HELP THE COHORT GENERATE SOME 679 00:20:58,560 --> 00:21:00,960 PEER TO PEER NETWORKING AS WELL 680 00:21:00,960 --> 00:21:04,680 AS MENTOR TO MENTEE NETWORKING 681 00:21:04,680 --> 00:21:07,880 TO HELP GUIDE THEM ON THEIR PATH 682 00:21:07,880 --> 00:21:09,120 TOWARD ACADEMIC SCIENCE OR 683 00:21:09,120 --> 00:21:09,880 WHATEVER SCIENCE THEY MIGHT 684 00:21:09,880 --> 00:21:12,600 CHOOSE TO PURSUE BASED ON THE 685 00:21:12,600 --> 00:21:12,920 TRAINING HERE. 686 00:21:12,920 --> 00:21:14,400 IT WAS A TERRIFIC EVENT. 687 00:21:14,400 --> 00:21:16,400 LOTS OF TRAINEES, THERE WERE A 688 00:21:16,400 --> 00:21:17,480 LOT OF GREAT DISCUSSIONS. 689 00:21:17,480 --> 00:21:18,800 WALTER AND I WERE PLEASED TO 690 00:21:18,800 --> 00:21:20,400 TAKE A SMALL PART IN THAT EVENT 691 00:21:20,400 --> 00:21:27,000 AS WELL BACK IN JULY. 692 00:21:27,000 --> 00:21:28,280 WE ALSO HAD OUR NEW WORKSHOP ON 693 00:21:28,280 --> 00:21:29,640 THE ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF 694 00:21:29,640 --> 00:21:30,960 HUMAN BRAIN DATA BACK IN JULY. 695 00:21:30,960 --> 00:21:33,080 HERE WE EXPLORED WAYS TO 696 00:21:33,080 --> 00:21:33,880 CATEGORIZE DIFFERENT TYPES OF 697 00:21:33,880 --> 00:21:35,840 BRAIN DATA AND TO TRY TO ASSESS 698 00:21:35,840 --> 00:21:37,520 THE RELATIVE RISKS INVOLVED IN 699 00:21:37,520 --> 00:21:41,000 SHARING THOSE DATA, GIVEN HOW 700 00:21:41,000 --> 00:21:42,200 RAPIDLY WE'RE GENERATING THIS 701 00:21:42,200 --> 00:21:44,680 DATA FROM DIFFERENT KINDS OF 702 00:21:44,680 --> 00:21:47,200 RECORDING TECHNOLOGIES BUT ALSO 703 00:21:47,200 --> 00:21:50,600 STARING DOWN THIS RUNWAY OF 704 00:21:50,600 --> 00:21:51,840 INCREASINGLY ACCELERATING WAYS 705 00:21:51,840 --> 00:21:53,440 OF INTERPRETING THESE DATA IN 706 00:21:53,440 --> 00:21:54,680 WAYS THAT WE HADN'T QUITE 707 00:21:54,680 --> 00:21:55,920 IMAGINED RECENTLY, AND I THINK 708 00:21:55,920 --> 00:21:57,480 ARE GOING TO GET US INTO NEW 709 00:21:57,480 --> 00:22:01,000 DOMAINS IN THE FUTURE. 710 00:22:01,000 --> 00:22:02,400 WE HAD FIVE PANELS ACROSS TWO 711 00:22:02,400 --> 00:22:02,600 DAYS. 712 00:22:02,600 --> 00:22:04,680 IT WAS A VERY INTENSIVE AND 713 00:22:04,680 --> 00:22:05,840 STIMULATING WORKSHOP. 714 00:22:05,840 --> 00:22:07,600 WE ALSO HAD BREAKOUT ROOMS TO 715 00:22:07,600 --> 00:22:10,200 EXPLORE VARIOUS ASPECTS OF THIS, 716 00:22:10,200 --> 00:22:14,880 AND YOU CAN SEE THE BULLETS 717 00:22:14,880 --> 00:22:16,600 HERE, I WON'T BELABOR THEM BUT 718 00:22:16,600 --> 00:22:17,960 WE'RE NOW WORKING WITH SOME NIH 719 00:22:17,960 --> 00:22:20,040 STAFF TO SEE IF WE CAN 720 00:22:20,040 --> 00:22:22,120 ENCAPSULATE THIS INTO SOME ITEMS 721 00:22:22,120 --> 00:22:23,640 THAT WE CAN REALLY START 722 00:22:23,640 --> 00:22:24,520 CONCENTRATING ON SO THAT WE CAN 723 00:22:24,520 --> 00:22:26,480 REALLY ENSURE THAT WE ARE DOING 724 00:22:26,480 --> 00:22:28,880 THE BEST WE CAN DO IN TERMS OF 725 00:22:28,880 --> 00:22:29,800 ETHICALLY USING THESE DATA THAT 726 00:22:29,800 --> 00:22:35,600 WE ARE OBTAINING FROM HUMAN 727 00:22:35,600 --> 00:22:37,560 PARTNER SUBJECTS WHO ARE SO 728 00:22:37,560 --> 00:22:38,760 GENEROUS IN GIVING TO US BUT 729 00:22:38,760 --> 00:22:40,680 ALSO DOING OUR BEST TO SAFEGUARD 730 00:22:40,680 --> 00:22:43,120 THEIR SAFETY AND PRIVACY BOTH ON 731 00:22:43,120 --> 00:22:46,400 AN INDIVIDUAL LEVEL AS WELL AS 732 00:22:46,400 --> 00:22:47,640 THE COMMUNITY LEVEL WHICH IS A 733 00:22:47,640 --> 00:22:48,800 BIG CHALLENGE BECAUSE, AGAIN, WE 734 00:22:48,800 --> 00:22:49,800 DON'T KNOW HOW THESE DATA MIGHT 735 00:22:49,800 --> 00:22:51,080 BE USED IN THE FUTURE. 736 00:22:51,080 --> 00:22:52,440 SO A LOT OF BIG QUESTIONS TO 737 00:22:52,440 --> 00:22:53,880 TACKLE, BUT I THINK THIS IS 738 00:22:53,880 --> 00:22:55,400 WHERE WE NEED TO BE ON THAT. 739 00:22:55,400 --> 00:22:55,600 OKAY. 740 00:22:55,600 --> 00:22:56,960 WE CAN TALK ABOUT THIS MORE IF 741 00:22:56,960 --> 00:23:01,640 PEOPLE HAVE QUESTIONS IN A BIT. 742 00:23:01,640 --> 00:23:03,200 AND THEN FINALLY, WE HAD ANOTHER 743 00:23:03,200 --> 00:23:04,360 WORKSHOP THAT WAS RUN BY ONE OF 744 00:23:04,360 --> 00:23:06,560 OUR PROJECT TEAMS TAPPED ON TO 745 00:23:06,560 --> 00:23:08,560 THE DBS THINK TANK, WHICH IS TO 746 00:23:08,560 --> 00:23:14,120 RUN A WORKSHOP TO SEE WHAT ARE 747 00:23:14,120 --> 00:23:14,960 THE BARRIERS AND POSSIBLE 748 00:23:14,960 --> 00:23:16,520 SOLUTIONS FOR RECRUITING A MORE 749 00:23:16,520 --> 00:23:18,640 DIVERSE PATIENT COHORT IN OUR 750 00:23:18,640 --> 00:23:19,960 CLINICAL TRIALS OF DEEP BRAIN 751 00:23:19,960 --> 00:23:20,320 STIMULATION. 752 00:23:20,320 --> 00:23:22,200 SO THERE WERE A NUMBER OF 753 00:23:22,200 --> 00:23:23,200 ROUNDTABLE SESSIONS LEADING TO 754 00:23:23,200 --> 00:23:25,600 SOME KEY TAKEAWAYS. 755 00:23:25,600 --> 00:23:27,720 I THINK ONE OF THE PRIMARY 756 00:23:27,720 --> 00:23:29,400 TAKEAWAYS IS ALWAYS BUILDING 757 00:23:29,400 --> 00:23:30,440 TRUST AND SHOWING THAT WE 758 00:23:30,440 --> 00:23:31,720 DESERVE THE TRUST OF THE 759 00:23:31,720 --> 00:23:32,840 COMMUNITY IN ORDER FOR THEM TO 760 00:23:32,840 --> 00:23:35,160 ALLOW US TO INTERACT WITH THEM. 761 00:23:35,160 --> 00:23:36,880 TO PROVIDE BETTER EDUCATIONAL 762 00:23:36,880 --> 00:23:39,280 RESOURCES TO BUILD THAT TRUST, 763 00:23:39,280 --> 00:23:40,480 AS WELL AS FOR -- NOT JUST FOR 764 00:23:40,480 --> 00:23:42,000 THE PATIENTS BUT ALSO FOR THE 765 00:23:42,000 --> 00:23:44,280 REFERRING CLINICIANS, AND THEN 766 00:23:44,280 --> 00:23:45,800 TO DO WHAT WE CAN TO DECREASE 767 00:23:45,800 --> 00:23:46,840 THE BURDEN ON THE PATIENTS TO 768 00:23:46,840 --> 00:23:48,680 HELP GET THEM THERE, AND AGAIN, 769 00:23:48,680 --> 00:23:51,720 TO GET BUY-IN FROM THE COMMUNITY 770 00:23:51,720 --> 00:23:53,360 AND THE CLINICIANS AS WELL AS 771 00:23:53,360 --> 00:23:54,480 THE PATIENTS THEMSELVES. 772 00:23:54,480 --> 00:23:57,560 SO WE W RECOGNIZE THIS IS A 773 00:23:57,560 --> 00:23:58,440 CHALLENGE AND WE'RE DOING WHAT 774 00:23:58,440 --> 00:23:59,920 WE CAN TO ADDRESS IT, AND THIS 775 00:23:59,920 --> 00:24:01,240 IS JUST ONE OF THE MANY STEPS WE 776 00:24:01,240 --> 00:24:05,280 NEED TO TAKE TO DO SO. 777 00:24:05,280 --> 00:24:07,240 BACK IN MAY I MENTIONED TO YOU 778 00:24:07,240 --> 00:24:09,240 THIS TARGETED CHALLENGE AS PART 779 00:24:09,240 --> 00:24:11,240 OF THE SOMATIC CELL GENOME 780 00:24:11,240 --> 00:24:12,200 EDITING CONSORTIUM RUN OUT OF 781 00:24:12,200 --> 00:24:12,840 THE COMMON FUND. 782 00:24:12,840 --> 00:24:15,840 THIS IS A PROGRAM THAT HAS THE 783 00:24:15,840 --> 00:24:21,280 INVOLVEMENT OF NCATS, NIDS, 784 00:24:21,280 --> 00:24:23,000 NHLBI AND RECENTLY THE BRAIN 785 00:24:23,000 --> 00:24:24,160 INITIATIVE SIGNED ON AS WELL. 786 00:24:24,160 --> 00:24:25,440 THERE ARE TWO TARGET AREAS FOR 787 00:24:25,440 --> 00:24:27,280 THIS CHALLENGE AND ONE IS 788 00:24:27,280 --> 00:24:28,160 PROGRAMMABLE DELIVERY SYSTEMS 789 00:24:28,160 --> 00:24:30,480 FOR GENE EDITING, WHICH COULD BE 790 00:24:30,480 --> 00:24:32,200 RELEVANT TO BRAIN, BUT VERY 791 00:24:32,200 --> 00:24:35,240 RELEVANT TO BRAIN OR VERY 792 00:24:35,240 --> 00:24:37,000 RELEVANT TO THE CHALLENGE IS THE 793 00:24:37,000 --> 00:24:39,040 DEVISING OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR 794 00:24:39,040 --> 00:24:40,160 CROSSING THE BLOOD BRAIN 795 00:24:40,160 --> 00:24:41,840 BARRIER. 796 00:24:41,840 --> 00:24:44,240 WITH THESE NOVEL VECTORS. 797 00:24:44,240 --> 00:24:45,760 SO JUST A REMINDER THAT THE 798 00:24:45,760 --> 00:24:47,760 APPLICATION IS COMING UP VERY 799 00:24:47,760 --> 00:24:48,760 SOON, OCTOBER 5TH. 800 00:24:48,760 --> 00:24:50,120 IF YOU HAVEN'T ALREADY TAKEN A 801 00:24:50,120 --> 00:24:53,000 LOOK AT IT, QR CODE OR LOOK IT 802 00:24:53,000 --> 00:24:55,400 UP ON THE WEB, IF YOU HAVE SOME 803 00:24:55,400 --> 00:24:58,000 GREAT IDEAS, WE'D LOVE TO SEE 804 00:24:58,000 --> 00:24:59,240 THEM, ONE OF THESE UNIQUE 805 00:24:59,240 --> 00:25:00,840 CHALLENGE MECHANISMS THAT NIH 806 00:25:00,840 --> 00:25:02,480 PUTS ON FROM TIME TO TIME. 807 00:25:02,480 --> 00:25:07,640 NOW OUR FOLKS IN THE BICCN 808 00:25:07,640 --> 00:25:09,200 ENHANCER NETWORK HAVE SET UP 809 00:25:09,200 --> 00:25:10,720 THEIR OWN CHALLENGE TO ASK FOLKS 810 00:25:10,720 --> 00:25:12,040 TO COME IN WITH NEW 811 00:25:12,040 --> 00:25:13,440 COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR 812 00:25:13,440 --> 00:25:15,640 PREDICT DR.ING FUNCTIONAL CELL 813 00:25:15,640 --> 00:25:19,200 TYPE ENHANCERS WITH INFORMATION 814 00:25:19,200 --> 00:25:22,280 THAT CAN BE USED TO DESIGN GENE 815 00:25:22,280 --> 00:25:24,080 REGULATORY ELEMENTS FOR 816 00:25:24,080 --> 00:25:26,120 PRECISION GENE TARGETING AS PART 817 00:25:26,120 --> 00:25:27,120 OF THE ARMAMENTARIUM PROJECT. 818 00:25:27,120 --> 00:25:31,280 SO YOU CAN LOOK THIS UP AT 819 00:25:31,280 --> 00:25:32,040 BICCNCHALLENGE.ORG OR SCAN THE 820 00:25:32,040 --> 00:25:34,360 QR CODE TO SEE WHAT THAT'S ALL 821 00:25:34,360 --> 00:25:35,640 ABOUT AND REGISTRATION WILL OPEN 822 00:25:35,640 --> 00:25:40,480 SOMETIME NEXT MONTH. 823 00:25:40,480 --> 00:25:42,760 JUST WANT TO GIVE YOU A QUICK 824 00:25:42,760 --> 00:25:44,160 OVERVIEW OF PROGRAM AND FUNDING 825 00:25:44,160 --> 00:25:44,760 OPPORTUNITIES THAT ARE KICKING 826 00:25:44,760 --> 00:25:46,040 OFF RIGHT NOW. 827 00:25:46,040 --> 00:25:48,000 I'LL JUST GIVE YOU A BRIEF 828 00:25:48,000 --> 00:25:49,040 SUMMARY OF THE STATE OF WHERE WE 829 00:25:49,040 --> 00:25:51,440 ARE WITH THE BRAIN 830 00:25:51,440 --> 00:25:52,440 2.0 TRANSFORMATIVE PROJECTS, THE 831 00:25:52,440 --> 00:25:55,280 BRAIN INITIATIVE CELL ATLASST 832 00:25:55,280 --> 00:25:56,360 NETWORK, THE ARMAMENTARIUM 833 00:25:56,360 --> 00:25:57,880 PROJECT FOR PRECISION BRAIN CELL 834 00:25:57,880 --> 00:25:59,840 ACCESS AND THE MICRO 835 00:25:59,840 --> 00:26:00,840 CONNECTIVITY OR BRAIN CONNECTS 836 00:26:00,840 --> 00:26:01,240 PROJECT. 837 00:26:01,240 --> 00:26:03,720 SO BICAN IS WELL UNDERWAY. 838 00:26:03,720 --> 00:26:06,120 THE PHASE THREE OF THE BRAIN 839 00:26:06,120 --> 00:26:07,600 INITIATIVE CELL CENSUS PROJECTS. 840 00:26:07,600 --> 00:26:10,560 WE MADE THE FIRST AWARDS IN 841 00:26:10,560 --> 00:26:14,520 2022, AND IN 2022, WE'VE 842 00:26:14,520 --> 00:26:16,240 INVESTED SO FAR $95 MILLION 843 00:26:16,240 --> 00:26:17,160 ACROSS 11 PROJECTS AND THOSE 844 00:26:17,160 --> 00:26:20,240 TEAMS ARE UP AND RUNNING, 845 00:26:20,240 --> 00:26:22,240 ORGANIZED, UP AND RUNNING AND WE 846 00:26:22,240 --> 00:26:24,360 EXPECT TO START GETTING SOME 847 00:26:24,360 --> 00:26:24,760 GREAT DATA SOON. 848 00:26:24,760 --> 00:26:27,080 YOU CAN IMAGINE, GETTING 11 OF 849 00:26:27,080 --> 00:26:27,920 THESE BIG PROJECTS WORKING 850 00:26:27,920 --> 00:26:29,000 TOGETHER BUT THEY ARE WORKING 851 00:26:29,000 --> 00:26:30,040 TOGETHER WELL. 852 00:26:30,040 --> 00:26:35,320 WE JUST REVIEWED THE SECOND 853 00:26:35,320 --> 00:26:37,520 ROUND OF APPLICATIONS AND THOSE 854 00:26:37,520 --> 00:26:39,800 AWARDS, WE EXPECT TO ISSUE BY 855 00:26:39,800 --> 00:26:41,160 THE END OF THIS CALENDAR YEAR IF 856 00:26:41,160 --> 00:26:43,160 ALL GOES AS PLANNED. 857 00:26:43,160 --> 00:26:46,080 THERE'S ALSO AN OPEN R01 FOR 858 00:26:46,080 --> 00:26:47,560 COLLABORATORIES AS PART OF THE 859 00:26:47,560 --> 00:26:48,720 BICAN EFFORT, AND THE NEXT 860 00:26:48,720 --> 00:26:49,800 RECEIPT DATE FOR THOSE 861 00:26:49,800 --> 00:26:51,400 APPLICATIONS WILL BE FEBRUARY OF 862 00:26:51,400 --> 00:26:52,440 2024. 863 00:26:52,440 --> 00:26:54,120 SO THAT'S ROLLING ALONG QUITE 864 00:26:54,120 --> 00:26:57,440 NICE NICELY RIGHT NOW. 865 00:26:57,440 --> 00:26:59,800 THE ARMAMENTARIUM PROJECT, 866 00:26:59,800 --> 00:27:01,440 ORGANIZING RESOURCE FORCE BRAIN 867 00:27:01,440 --> 00:27:03,080 CELL TYPE ACCESS, THAT WAS 868 00:27:03,080 --> 00:27:04,520 ACTUALLY STARTED EARLIER, IN 869 00:27:04,520 --> 00:27:04,720 2021. 870 00:27:04,720 --> 00:27:06,920 SO BETWEEN THE YEARS 2021 AND 871 00:27:06,920 --> 00:27:09,320 2022, WE'VE INVESTED $42 MILLION 872 00:27:09,320 --> 00:27:10,720 ACROSS SEVEN PROJECTS, AND THOSE 873 00:27:10,720 --> 00:27:13,760 ARE GOING QUITE WELL. 874 00:27:13,760 --> 00:27:15,200 THAT ARMAMENTARIUM GROUP IS ALSO 875 00:27:15,200 --> 00:27:17,800 BEING ORGANIZED AS A CONSORTIUM 876 00:27:17,800 --> 00:27:21,000 TO MAXIMIZE THE EFFORT AND TO 877 00:27:21,000 --> 00:27:22,840 THE KNOW-HOW BETWEEN THE GROUPS 878 00:27:22,840 --> 00:27:24,800 SO LOOKING FORWARD TO WHAT COMES 879 00:27:24,800 --> 00:27:25,720 OUT OF THERE. 880 00:27:25,720 --> 00:27:31,080 WE ISSUED A NEW RFA RECENTLY FOR 881 00:27:31,080 --> 00:27:32,360 COMPREHENSIVE CENTERS FOR 882 00:27:32,360 --> 00:27:33,800 DEVELOPING THESE TECHNOLOGIES. 883 00:27:33,800 --> 00:27:34,880 THE FIRST ROUND IS CURRENTLY 884 00:27:34,880 --> 00:27:36,280 UNDER REVIEW, SO WE EXPECT TO 885 00:27:36,280 --> 00:27:38,920 MAKE THOSE AWARDS NEXT SPRING. 886 00:27:38,920 --> 00:27:41,800 THE NEXT RECEIPT DATE FOR THE 887 00:27:41,800 --> 00:27:44,200 PAYLOADS CENTERS WILL BE 888 00:27:44,200 --> 00:27:45,160 FEBRUARY OF 2024. 889 00:27:45,160 --> 00:27:48,360 THE CONNECTS PROJECT IS THE 890 00:27:48,360 --> 00:27:49,440 THIRD ONE OUT OF THE GATE, AND 891 00:27:49,440 --> 00:27:51,800 WE ARE ESTABLISHING CENTERS FOR 892 00:27:51,800 --> 00:27:53,360 BOTH MOUSE AS WELL AS BIG BRAIN 893 00:27:53,360 --> 00:27:56,680 PROJECTS, AND AGAIN, THIS WILL 894 00:27:56,680 --> 00:27:57,760 RUN AS A CONSORTIUM. 895 00:27:57,760 --> 00:27:59,200 THE FIRST AWARDS ARE TO BE 896 00:27:59,200 --> 00:28:00,840 ISSUED, I THINK -- WE'LL BE 897 00:28:00,840 --> 00:28:02,040 ANNOUNCING THOSE SOON. 898 00:28:02,040 --> 00:28:02,880 AND WE'LL LET YOU KNOW ABOUT 899 00:28:02,880 --> 00:28:04,080 THAT. 900 00:28:04,080 --> 00:28:05,280 THE SECOND ROUND IS ALREADY IN 901 00:28:05,280 --> 00:28:06,880 AND UNDER REVIEW, AND WE EXPECT 902 00:28:06,880 --> 00:28:09,040 TO MAKE THOSE AWARDS NEXT 903 00:28:09,040 --> 00:28:09,280 SPRING. 904 00:28:09,280 --> 00:28:10,760 SO THIS IS THE STATUS OF THE 905 00:28:10,760 --> 00:28:13,200 THREE TRANSFORMATIVE PROJECTS. 906 00:28:13,200 --> 00:28:14,720 AND YOU'LL BE SEEING, I THINK, 907 00:28:14,720 --> 00:28:17,120 SOME EXCITING WORK COMING OUT OF 908 00:28:17,120 --> 00:28:18,120 THESE THREE PROJECTS OVER THE 909 00:28:18,120 --> 00:28:20,760 NEXT SEVERAL YEARS. 910 00:28:20,760 --> 00:28:21,120 OKAY. 911 00:28:21,120 --> 00:28:22,760 LAST TIME I THINK WE ALSO TALKED 912 00:28:22,760 --> 00:28:24,560 ABOUT THE NEWLY LAUNCHED BRAIN 913 00:28:24,560 --> 00:28:25,800 BEHAVIOR QUANTIFICATION AND 914 00:28:25,800 --> 00:28:27,320 SYNCHRONIZATION OR BBQS PROGRAM. 915 00:28:27,320 --> 00:28:29,280 HERE THE IDEA IS TO DEVELOP 916 00:28:29,280 --> 00:28:32,760 BETTER SENSORS FOR MEASURING AND 917 00:28:32,760 --> 00:28:36,200 INTERPRETING DATA FROM BEHAVING, 918 00:28:36,200 --> 00:28:37,920 AWAKE BEHAVING ANIMALS INCLUDING 919 00:28:37,920 --> 00:28:39,080 HUMAN ANIMALS, BOTH IN THE LAB 920 00:28:39,080 --> 00:28:40,880 AS WELL AS IN THE REAL WORLD OR 921 00:28:40,880 --> 00:28:43,400 IN THE WILD, AND LITERALLY TO 922 00:28:43,400 --> 00:28:44,680 CLOSE A LOOP BETWEEN THOSE 923 00:28:44,680 --> 00:28:47,520 ASSAYS AND THE PRECISION HIGH 924 00:28:47,520 --> 00:28:53,360 SPATIAL TEMPORAL AND EXTENSIVE 925 00:28:53,360 --> 00:28:54,920 TECHNOLOGIES TO KIND OF PUT THEM 926 00:28:54,920 --> 00:28:56,520 TOGETHER IN KIND OF A COHESIVE 927 00:28:56,520 --> 00:28:57,360 UNIT. 928 00:28:57,360 --> 00:28:59,160 THESE PROJECTS ARE NOW STARTING 929 00:28:59,160 --> 00:29:01,240 TO COME THROUGH AND WE WILL BE 930 00:29:01,240 --> 00:29:03,160 LOOKING AT SOME OF THESE FIRST 931 00:29:03,160 --> 00:29:04,720 GRANT APPLICATIONS SHORTLY, AND 932 00:29:04,720 --> 00:29:06,560 HERE THE GOAL IS TO DEVELOP AND 933 00:29:06,560 --> 00:29:08,120 VALIDATE NEXT GENERATION TOOLS, 934 00:29:08,120 --> 00:29:09,240 METHODS AND VERY IMPORTANTLY 935 00:29:09,240 --> 00:29:11,240 ANALYTICAL APPROACHES TO 936 00:29:11,240 --> 00:29:13,680 QUANTIFY COMPLEX BEHAVIORS IN 937 00:29:13,680 --> 00:29:17,280 BOTH HUMANS AND NON-HUMANS IN 938 00:29:17,280 --> 00:29:18,320 NATURALISTIC ENVIRONMENTS AND TO 939 00:29:18,320 --> 00:29:22,520 DO SO WITH SIMULTANEOUS 940 00:29:22,520 --> 00:29:24,760 RECORDINGS OF BRAIN ACTIVITY. 941 00:29:24,760 --> 00:29:27,560 SO WE HAVE NOFOs AROUND THOSE, 942 00:29:27,560 --> 00:29:35,720 THTHE ORGANISMAL BBQS, STAY TUND 943 00:29:35,720 --> 00:29:37,920 FOR RFAs COMING THERE. 944 00:29:37,920 --> 00:29:40,520 WE HAVE HUMAN/CLINICAL BBQ 945 00:29:40,520 --> 00:29:41,840 S-PHASED AWARD, AS WELL AS THE 946 00:29:41,840 --> 00:29:44,240 NEWLY ANNOUNCED NOFO FOR DATA 947 00:29:44,240 --> 00:29:46,120 AND AI CENTER FOR COORDINATING 948 00:29:46,120 --> 00:29:48,200 AND MANAGING AND INTERPRETING 949 00:29:48,200 --> 00:29:50,040 WHAT WE EXPECT TO BE A VAST 950 00:29:50,040 --> 00:29:54,120 TREASURE TROPH TROVE OF DATA. 951 00:29:54,120 --> 00:29:56,640 WE RECENTLY HELD A WORK SHOM ON 952 00:29:56,640 --> 00:29:58,720 SENSORS TECHNOLOGIES THAT WILL I 953 00:29:58,720 --> 00:29:59,760 HOPE WILL INFORM WHERE WE WANT 954 00:29:59,760 --> 00:30:01,120 TO GO IN DEVELOPING THE SPACE IN 955 00:30:01,120 --> 00:30:02,840 THAT DOMAIN AND WE ALSO 956 00:30:02,840 --> 00:30:04,560 PUBLISHED A NOTICE OF SCIENTIFIC 957 00:30:04,560 --> 00:30:06,200 INTEREST TO DIRECT PEOPLE IF 958 00:30:06,200 --> 00:30:07,000 THEY'RE INTERESTED IN THIS SPACE 959 00:30:07,000 --> 00:30:09,840 TO LOOK AT OUR STANDING RFAs 960 00:30:09,840 --> 00:30:11,680 FOR DATA ARCHIVING, DATA 961 00:30:11,680 --> 00:30:12,640 STANDARDS AND SOFTWARE TOOLS 962 00:30:12,640 --> 00:30:14,800 THAT HAVE BEEN RUN OUT OF TEAM 963 00:30:14,800 --> 00:30:15,080 DATA. 964 00:30:15,080 --> 00:30:17,240 AND ALL THIS IS TOWARD THE GOAL 965 00:30:17,240 --> 00:30:18,920 OF BUILDING A CONSORTIUM THAT 966 00:30:18,920 --> 00:30:21,240 WILL REALLY INTEGRATE ANALYSES 967 00:30:21,240 --> 00:30:23,440 ACROSS ALL DOMAINS, ALL 968 00:30:23,440 --> 00:30:24,160 TECHNOLOGIES, DIFFERENT 969 00:30:24,160 --> 00:30:25,360 BEHAVIORS AS WELL AS ACROSS 970 00:30:25,360 --> 00:30:27,240 DIFFERENT MODEL ORGANISMS, 971 00:30:27,240 --> 00:30:28,120 INCLUDING HUMANS. 972 00:30:28,120 --> 00:30:34,360 SO STAY TUNED ON THAT. 973 00:30:34,360 --> 00:30:35,880 AFTER QUITE A BIT OF WORK WE 974 00:30:35,880 --> 00:30:38,400 FINALLY WERE ABLE TO GET OUT THE 975 00:30:38,400 --> 00:30:44,080 DOOR PROPOSALS FOR A PROGRAM 976 00:30:44,080 --> 00:30:45,960 WHERE WE'RE LOOKING TO BUILD A 977 00:30:45,960 --> 00:30:51,000 STRONGER WORKFORCE, A STRONGER, 978 00:30:51,000 --> 00:30:52,320 MORE DIVERSE WORKFORCE TO 979 00:30:52,320 --> 00:30:53,640 DEVELOP FOLKS WITH CLINICAL 980 00:30:53,640 --> 00:30:56,400 BACKGROUNDS INTO THESE 981 00:30:56,400 --> 00:30:57,480 INTRACRANIAL AND NEUROSCIENCE 982 00:30:57,480 --> 00:30:58,120 RESEARCH PROGRAMS. 983 00:30:58,120 --> 00:31:00,120 SO THE IDEA IS I THINK BRAIN HAS 984 00:31:00,120 --> 00:31:01,520 BEEN SUPPORTING SOME REALLY 985 00:31:01,520 --> 00:31:04,600 CUTTING EDGE RESEARCH IN HUMAN 986 00:31:04,600 --> 00:31:07,400 NEUROSCIENCE THAT'S RELYING ON 987 00:31:07,400 --> 00:31:09,600 INTRACRANIAL RECORDING AND 988 00:31:09,600 --> 00:31:11,920 INTRACRANIAL MODULATION, AND THE 989 00:31:11,920 --> 00:31:13,200 CONCERN IS THAT WE NEED TO HAVE 990 00:31:13,200 --> 00:31:15,920 FOLKS DOWN THE LINE WHO CAN 991 00:31:15,920 --> 00:31:17,040 INTERFACE BETWEEN THE BASIC 992 00:31:17,040 --> 00:31:18,360 RESEARCH AND THE PATIENTS 993 00:31:18,360 --> 00:31:18,840 THEMSELVES. 994 00:31:18,840 --> 00:31:20,640 SO HENCE THE GOAL OF TRYING TO 995 00:31:20,640 --> 00:31:22,720 BRING IN AND TRAIN CLINICIANS 996 00:31:22,720 --> 00:31:23,960 INTERESTED IN THE SPACE, AND 997 00:31:23,960 --> 00:31:27,000 THIS WILL PROVIDE SALARY AND 998 00:31:27,000 --> 00:31:28,520 RESEARCH SUPPORT FOR SUCH FOLKS 999 00:31:28,520 --> 00:31:29,720 FOR THREE TO FIVE YEARS. 1000 00:31:29,720 --> 00:31:33,120 SO IF YOU ARE INTERESTED OR KNOW 1001 00:31:33,120 --> 00:31:37,200 FOLKS WHO ARE INTERESTED, HERE'S 1002 00:31:37,200 --> 00:31:37,720 THE INFORMATION. 1003 00:31:37,720 --> 00:31:39,600 WE HAVE A ONE-SHOT DUE DATE 1004 00:31:39,600 --> 00:31:41,120 RIGHT NOW, BUT STAY TUNED FOR 1005 00:31:41,120 --> 00:31:45,040 FURTHER DEVELOP LTS. 1006 00:31:45,040 --> 00:31:45,560 OKAY. 1007 00:31:45,560 --> 00:31:47,360 SO HERE'S A SUMMARY FOR NEW 1008 00:31:47,360 --> 00:31:48,200 FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES 1009 00:31:48,200 --> 00:31:48,800 ANNOUNCEMENTS. 1010 00:31:48,800 --> 00:31:50,800 AS I MENTIONED, WE HAVE THIS 1011 00:31:50,800 --> 00:31:52,920 NOTICE OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST 1012 00:31:52,920 --> 00:31:55,440 FOR THE BRAIN DATA ARCHIVE 1013 00:31:55,440 --> 00:31:56,920 INFORMATICS TOOLS AND STANDARDS, 1014 00:31:56,920 --> 00:31:58,440 AND WE'RE INVITING FOLKS WHO ARE 1015 00:31:58,440 --> 00:32:00,040 INTERESTED IN THE BBQS SPACE TO 1016 00:32:00,040 --> 00:32:02,320 TAKE A CAREFUL LOOK AT THAT. 1017 00:32:02,320 --> 00:32:04,200 THAT DEADLINE IS COMING UP VERY, 1018 00:32:04,200 --> 00:32:05,200 VERY SOON. 1019 00:32:05,200 --> 00:32:08,560 THE MENTORED CLINIC CLINICIAN-ST 1020 00:32:08,560 --> 00:32:11,520 RESEARCH CAREER DEVELOPMENT 1021 00:32:11,520 --> 00:32:13,560 K08 AWARD, DUE DATE COMING UP IN 1022 00:32:13,560 --> 00:32:14,360 FEBRUARY 2024, AND WE HAVE A 1023 00:32:14,360 --> 00:32:22,600 NUMB WE ARE OF RENUMBER OF REIS. 1024 00:32:22,600 --> 00:32:24,200 ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPLEMENTS, WE 1025 00:32:24,200 --> 00:32:27,480 HAVE NOW SIGNED ON TO THE BRAIN 1026 00:32:27,480 --> 00:32:29,840 BLUEPRINT ENDURE PROGRAM WHICH 1027 00:32:29,840 --> 00:32:30,400 ESTABLISHES INSTITUTIONAL 1028 00:32:30,400 --> 00:32:34,160 TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR INCREASING 1029 00:32:34,160 --> 00:32:35,280 DIVERSITY IN THE SCIENTIFIC 1030 00:32:35,280 --> 00:32:36,960 STUDENT AND WORKFORCE, AND THEN 1031 00:32:36,960 --> 00:32:38,760 WE'LL ALSO HAVE A REISSUE OF 1032 00:32:38,760 --> 00:32:42,840 THIS NOVEL TOOLS FOR 1033 00:32:42,840 --> 00:32:43,920 CELL-SPECIFIC AND 1034 00:32:43,920 --> 00:32:45,720 CIRCUIT-SPECIFIC PROCESSES IN 1035 00:32:45,720 --> 00:32:47,440 THE BRAIN, IT'S AN R01. 1036 00:32:47,440 --> 00:32:47,760 OKAY. 1037 00:32:47,760 --> 00:32:49,400 WITH REGARD TO OUR MAIN 1038 00:32:49,400 --> 00:32:51,280 INVOLVEMENT IN THE NIH BLUEPRINT 1039 00:32:51,280 --> 00:32:54,160 EFFORT, THE ENDURE PROGRAM, THIS 1040 00:32:54,160 --> 00:32:56,320 INSTITUTIONAL PROGRAM FOR 1041 00:32:56,320 --> 00:32:57,200 DIVERSIFYING OUR WORKFORCE, 1042 00:32:57,200 --> 00:32:58,480 THERE WILL BE A TECHNICAL 1043 00:32:58,480 --> 00:33:01,400 ASSISTANCE WEBINAR COMING UP ON 1044 00:33:01,400 --> 00:33:02,120 SEPTEMBER 20TH, SO IF YOU'RE 1045 00:33:02,120 --> 00:33:03,840 INTERESTED IN REPRESENTING YOUR 1046 00:33:03,840 --> 00:33:05,000 INSTITUTION FOR A POSSIBLE 1047 00:33:05,000 --> 00:33:06,600 ENDURE AWARD, PLEASE LOG ON AND 1048 00:33:06,600 --> 00:33:12,000 REGISTER FOR THAT WEBINAR. 1049 00:33:12,000 --> 00:33:13,240 SO JUST AGAIN A LISTING OF OUR 1050 00:33:13,240 --> 00:33:14,480 VARIOUS TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES, 1051 00:33:14,480 --> 00:33:16,080 WE HAVE SOME GENERAL TRAINING 1052 00:33:16,080 --> 00:33:17,040 OPPORTUNITY SHOWN IN THE UPPER 1053 00:33:17,040 --> 00:33:19,720 PANEL HERE. 1054 00:33:19,720 --> 00:33:22,120 AN F32 AWARD, THE K08 AWARDS I 1055 00:33:22,120 --> 00:33:23,640 JUST MENTIONED TO YOU AND ALSO 1056 00:33:23,640 --> 00:33:25,160 THOSE RE-ENTRY SUPPLEMENT 1057 00:33:25,160 --> 00:33:26,400 MECHANISMS THAT WE HAVE ON THE 1058 00:33:26,400 --> 00:33:28,560 THIRD LINE. 1059 00:33:28,560 --> 00:33:31,400 AND THEN A GROWING NUMBER OF 1060 00:33:31,400 --> 00:33:32,840 DIVERSITY-FOCUSED AWARDS. 1061 00:33:32,840 --> 00:33:37,440 THE R25 BRAIN BLUEPRINT ENDURE 1062 00:33:37,440 --> 00:33:38,400 PROGRAM WHICH I JUST MENTIONED 1063 00:33:38,400 --> 00:33:41,280 TO YOU, WE HAVE OUR DSPAN 1064 00:33:41,280 --> 00:33:42,400 PROGRAM, AGAIN, RUN TOGETHER 1065 00:33:42,400 --> 00:33:44,040 WITH OUR SISTER BLUEPRINT 1066 00:33:44,040 --> 00:33:48,360 PROGRAM TO F99/K00, SO THIS IS 1067 00:33:48,360 --> 00:33:50,040 SENIOR STAGE GRADUATE STUDENT 1068 00:33:50,040 --> 00:33:51,800 TRANSITIONING INTO POSTDOC 1069 00:33:51,800 --> 00:33:52,120 AWARDS. 1070 00:33:52,120 --> 00:33:55,720 AND THEN OUR K99 TRANSITION TO 1071 00:33:55,720 --> 00:33:58,920 INDEPENDENCE AWARDS, WHICH IS 1072 00:33:58,920 --> 00:34:00,080 SPECIAL, DIVERSITY FOCUSED 1073 00:34:00,080 --> 00:34:01,640 AWARDS FOR FOLKS FROM 1074 00:34:01,640 --> 00:34:02,160 UNDERREPRESENTED GROUPS 1075 00:34:02,160 --> 00:34:04,600 INCLUDING WOMEN, SO OUR 1076 00:34:04,600 --> 00:34:05,080 K99/R00s. 1077 00:34:05,080 --> 00:34:07,800 AND THEN WE ACCEPT ROLLING 1078 00:34:07,800 --> 00:34:10,040 APPLICATIONS FOR DIVERSITY 1079 00:34:10,040 --> 00:34:10,840 SUPPLEMENTS AS WELL FOR FOLKS 1080 00:34:10,840 --> 00:34:13,920 THAT HAVE CURRENTLY FUNDED BRAIN 1081 00:34:13,920 --> 00:34:14,280 AWARDS. 1082 00:34:14,280 --> 00:34:19,080 THIS WE LOOK AT THIS NOT JUST AA 1083 00:34:19,080 --> 00:34:20,520 SERIES OF ONE-OFFS BUT A PATHWAY 1084 00:34:20,520 --> 00:34:22,920 TO BUILD A STRONG WORKFORCE TO 1085 00:34:22,920 --> 00:34:23,800 SUPPORT THE KINDS OF RESEARCH 1086 00:34:23,800 --> 00:34:25,680 THAT WE HAVE BEEN STRIVING TO 1087 00:34:25,680 --> 00:34:31,440 PUSH FORWARD. 1088 00:34:31,440 --> 00:34:33,120 SO SUSAN, HOW AM I DOING ON 1089 00:34:33,120 --> 00:34:33,320 TIME? 1090 00:34:33,320 --> 00:34:35,160 >>YOU'VE GOT ABOUT 14 MINUTES 1091 00:34:35,160 --> 00:34:35,360 LEFT. 1092 00:34:35,360 --> 00:34:36,520 >>OKAY, WE'RE GOOD. 1093 00:34:36,520 --> 00:34:37,360 I'M TALKING FAST. 1094 00:34:37,360 --> 00:34:38,560 I HAD A LOT OF COFFEE THIS 1095 00:34:38,560 --> 00:34:38,800 MORNING. 1096 00:34:38,800 --> 00:34:41,520 SO I JUST WANTED TO GO THROUGH A 1097 00:34:41,520 --> 00:34:43,040 COUPLE OF SCIENCE HIGHLIGHTS AND 1098 00:34:43,040 --> 00:34:44,960 THEY'RE KIND OF ON THE 1099 00:34:44,960 --> 00:34:46,600 TECH/TECHNOLOGY SIDE THIS TIME. 1100 00:34:46,600 --> 00:34:54,560 I PROMISED TO SHOW SOME MAYBE 1101 00:34:54,560 --> 00:34:56,000 CIRCUITSY KIND OF SIDE. 1102 00:34:56,000 --> 00:34:57,720 NOW ONE OF THE BIG GOALS THAT WE 1103 00:34:57,720 --> 00:34:59,320 HAVE IN THE BRAIN INITIATIVE, 1104 00:34:59,320 --> 00:35:02,360 THE MAIN GOAL IS TO UNDERSTAND 1105 00:35:02,360 --> 00:35:04,160 THE NEURAL CIRCUIT BEHAVIOR, WE 1106 00:35:04,160 --> 00:35:06,520 NEED TO BE ABLE TO MONITOR 1107 00:35:06,520 --> 00:35:07,600 CIRCUIT ACTIVITY, NOT JUST IN A 1108 00:35:07,600 --> 00:35:09,800 COUPLE CELLS BUT ACROSS ENTIRE 1109 00:35:09,800 --> 00:35:13,320 CIRCUITS OR HOPEFULLY ACROSS -- 1110 00:35:13,320 --> 00:35:15,000 PARTS OF THE BRAIN. 1111 00:35:15,000 --> 00:35:17,400 ONE APPROACH IS TO ACTUALLY LOOK 1112 00:35:17,400 --> 00:35:18,240 AT CHANGES IN VOLTAGE. 1113 00:35:18,240 --> 00:35:20,480 THIS IS WHAT MOST NEURONS DO AS 1114 00:35:20,480 --> 00:35:21,960 THEY GO ABOUT THEIR BUSINESS. 1115 00:35:21,960 --> 00:35:24,600 UP UNTIL NOW, THE USE OF 1116 00:35:24,600 --> 00:35:27,360 GENETICALLY ENCODED VOLTAGE 1117 00:35:27,360 --> 00:35:29,440 INDICATORS OR GEVIs HAS BEEN 1118 00:35:29,440 --> 00:35:30,480 CHALLENGED FOR A COUPLE OF 1119 00:35:30,480 --> 00:35:31,400 REASONS. 1120 00:35:31,400 --> 00:35:34,160 ONE IS THAT UNLIKE MANY OF THE 1121 00:35:34,160 --> 00:35:38,080 GENETICALLY ENCODED CALCIUM 1122 00:35:38,080 --> 00:35:39,400 SENSORS, THE SIGNAL OUTPUT IS 1123 00:35:39,400 --> 00:35:41,520 VERY LOW COMPARED TO ENERGY THAT 1124 00:35:41,520 --> 00:35:43,360 ONE NEEDS TO PUT INTO THESE 1125 00:35:43,360 --> 00:35:44,400 FLUORESCENT SPACE INDICATORS SO 1126 00:35:44,400 --> 00:35:45,640 YOU CAN EEK OUT A LITTLE BIT OF 1127 00:35:45,640 --> 00:35:47,200 SIGNAL BUT YOU WIND OUT 1128 00:35:47,200 --> 00:35:48,440 OVERHEATING OR ACTUALLY DAMAGING 1129 00:35:48,440 --> 00:35:49,440 THE TISSUE. 1130 00:35:49,440 --> 00:35:52,480 THERE'S ISSUES WITH BLEACHING. 1131 00:35:52,480 --> 00:35:54,760 MANY OF THESE GEVIs ACTUALLY 1132 00:35:54,760 --> 00:35:55,880 FUNCTION BY DECREASING 1133 00:35:55,880 --> 00:35:57,640 FLUORESCENCE IN RESPONSE TO 1134 00:35:57,640 --> 00:35:58,720 DEPOLARIZATION, WHICH ACTUALLY 1135 00:35:58,720 --> 00:36:00,720 LIMITS YOUR SIGNAL TO NOISE 1136 00:36:00,720 --> 00:36:01,800 ESPECIALLY THESE SMALLER 1137 00:36:01,800 --> 00:36:02,480 CHANGES. 1138 00:36:02,480 --> 00:36:04,000 SO A NUMBER OF ADVANCES HAVE 1139 00:36:04,000 --> 00:36:07,080 BEEN MADE IN A TRIO OF PAPERS 1140 00:36:07,080 --> 00:36:08,600 THAT JUST CAME OUT IN NATURE 1141 00:36:08,600 --> 00:36:08,960 METHODS. 1142 00:36:08,960 --> 00:36:14,080 I'LL GO OVER THIS VERY QUICKLY, 1143 00:36:14,080 --> 00:36:22,000 WHERE THEY TOOK THESE ASAP-BASED 1144 00:36:22,000 --> 00:36:23,200 SENSORS FROM STANFORD, AND 1145 00:36:23,200 --> 00:36:24,720 TYPICALLY THESE SENSORS SHOW A 1146 00:36:24,720 --> 00:36:27,080 DECREASE IN FLUORESCENCE UPON 1147 00:36:27,080 --> 00:36:27,480 DEPOLARIZATION. 1148 00:36:27,480 --> 00:36:29,800 THEY HAVE SO CALLED NEGATIVE -- 1149 00:36:29,800 --> 00:36:30,840 WHAT THEY DID IS WENT THROUGH A 1150 00:36:30,840 --> 00:36:34,160 SERIES OF MUTATIONS TO MAKE THEM 1151 00:36:34,160 --> 00:36:38,120 FLEX THE OTHER WAY, INCREASE IN 1152 00:36:38,120 --> 00:36:38,960 FLUORESCENCE UPON 1153 00:36:38,960 --> 00:36:39,760 DEPOLARIZATION. 1154 00:36:39,760 --> 00:36:41,040 SO THAT WAS GOOD. 1155 00:36:41,040 --> 00:36:43,360 AND THERE'S A SENSITIVITY IN 1156 00:36:43,360 --> 00:36:46,200 SIGNAL TO NOISE ISSUE, BUT THEY 1157 00:36:46,200 --> 00:36:48,600 ALSO DEVELOPED A PARALLEL, TO 1158 00:36:48,600 --> 00:36:51,800 BIG INNOVATIONS. 1159 00:36:51,800 --> 00:36:54,200 ONE, A 2 PHOTON IMAGING METHOD 1160 00:36:54,200 --> 00:36:56,320 THAT ALLOWS THEM TO DETECT THESE 1161 00:36:56,320 --> 00:36:58,160 CHANGES THAT ARE MUCH SMALLER IN 1162 00:36:58,160 --> 00:37:00,360 INTENSITY AND ALSO DEVELOPED A 1163 00:37:00,360 --> 00:37:02,480 REALLY COOL DENOISING ALGORITHM 1164 00:37:02,480 --> 00:37:03,840 THAT LETS THEM EXTRACT EVEN MORE 1165 00:37:03,840 --> 00:37:04,480 DATA OUT OF IT. 1166 00:37:04,480 --> 00:37:07,480 ON THE RIGHT YOU CAN SEE THE 1167 00:37:07,480 --> 00:37:10,480 TRACE OF -- AND ON THE BOTTOM, 1168 00:37:10,480 --> 00:37:12,720 THE SPIKING CELLS, SO A VERY 1169 00:37:12,720 --> 00:37:14,960 RAPID AND VERY HIGH PRECISION 1170 00:37:14,960 --> 00:37:19,680 CHANGES CAN BE DETECTED IN THE 1171 00:37:19,680 --> 00:37:20,400 VOLTAGE. 1172 00:37:20,400 --> 00:37:21,400 SO AT THE SAME TIME, THEY 1173 00:37:21,400 --> 00:37:23,800 INITIALLY DEVELOPED THESE 1174 00:37:23,800 --> 00:37:26,440 ASAPs, THEY INVERTED THE 1175 00:37:26,440 --> 00:37:28,200 ASAPs AND NOW THEY'RE 1176 00:37:28,200 --> 00:37:29,400 POSITIVE-GOING AS I SHOWED YOU 1177 00:37:29,400 --> 00:37:30,840 BEFORE FROM THE OTHER GROUP BUT 1178 00:37:30,840 --> 00:37:32,600 NOW THEY'RE ULTRA FAST AND 1179 00:37:32,600 --> 00:37:33,680 REALLY COOL THING IS THEY CAN 1180 00:37:33,680 --> 00:37:36,120 GIVE SUSTAINED RESPONSES. 1181 00:37:36,120 --> 00:37:38,440 ON THE RIGHT ARE TRACES ON THE 1182 00:37:38,440 --> 00:37:40,280 TOP, THE SAME CELL 1183 00:37:40,280 --> 00:37:41,640 SIMULTANEOUSLY ON THE TOP WITH 1184 00:37:41,640 --> 00:37:42,920 THE CALCIUM SENSOR SO YOU CAN 1185 00:37:42,920 --> 00:37:44,240 SEE THESE RELATIVELY SLOWER 1186 00:37:44,240 --> 00:37:47,160 WAVES AND ON THE BOTTOM, THE 1187 00:37:47,160 --> 00:37:52,360 SPIKING ACTIVITY, THE ASAP4E 1188 00:37:52,360 --> 00:37:56,200 VARIANT, AND YOU CAN SEE THESE 1189 00:37:56,200 --> 00:37:57,400 VERY FAST SPIKES, BUT THEY CAN 1190 00:37:57,400 --> 00:37:58,000 DO THIS FOR MINUTES. 1191 00:37:58,000 --> 00:37:59,920 SO PREVIOUSLY YOU COULD NOT DO 1192 00:37:59,920 --> 00:38:01,600 THIS FOR A SUSTAINED AMOUNT OF 1193 00:38:01,600 --> 00:38:04,520 TIME, SO THEY'RE GETTING BOTH -- 1194 00:38:04,520 --> 00:38:05,840 ABILITY TO LOOK THE A THESE IN A 1195 00:38:05,840 --> 00:38:06,360 SUSTAINED WAY. 1196 00:38:06,360 --> 00:38:08,360 AND THE FINAL EXAMPLE IS FROM 1197 00:38:08,360 --> 00:38:14,720 ADAM CONCERN'S LAB. 1198 00:38:14,720 --> 00:38:16,920 NOW THEY'RE USING A REALLY COOL 1199 00:38:16,920 --> 00:38:18,680 SCREENING PLATFORM THEY'VE 1200 00:38:18,680 --> 00:38:20,880 IDENTIFIED TWO VARIANTS THAT 1201 00:38:20,880 --> 00:38:23,040 GIVE MUCH FASTER KINETICS AND IN 1202 00:38:23,040 --> 00:38:26,640 THE TRACING ON THE RIGHT, THESE 1203 00:38:26,640 --> 00:38:28,320 ARE TWO CELLS FROM HIPPOCAMPUS 1204 00:38:28,320 --> 00:38:29,440 THAT ARE ELECTRICALLY COUPLED, 1205 00:38:29,440 --> 00:38:31,800 AND YOU CAN SEE THE SIMULTANEOUS 1206 00:38:31,800 --> 00:38:33,880 RECORDING OF THOSE, THE VERY 1207 00:38:33,880 --> 00:38:35,320 CLOSE COUPLING OF THEIR SPIKING 1208 00:38:35,320 --> 00:38:36,520 ACTIVITIES. 1209 00:38:36,520 --> 00:38:37,600 SO TOGETHER THESE WILL ENABLE 1210 00:38:37,600 --> 00:38:38,960 FOLKS TO LOOK AT LARGER NETWORKS 1211 00:38:38,960 --> 00:38:41,400 OF ACTIVITY USING VOLTAGE. 1212 00:38:41,400 --> 00:38:43,240 WE'RE NOT LOOKING AT A PROXY OF 1213 00:38:43,240 --> 00:38:44,560 NEURAL ACTIVITY, WE'RE ACTUALLY 1214 00:38:44,560 --> 00:38:45,520 LOOKING DIRECTLY AT NEURAL 1215 00:38:45,520 --> 00:38:47,440 ACTIVITY WITH THESE COOL NEW 1216 00:38:47,440 --> 00:38:50,080 TOOLS, AND I THINK I'M LOOKING 1217 00:38:50,080 --> 00:38:51,200 FORWARD TO SOME EXCITING 1218 00:38:51,200 --> 00:38:52,240 RESEARCH THAT WILL BE CONDUCTED 1219 00:38:52,240 --> 00:38:53,920 WITH THESE NEW TOOLS. 1220 00:38:53,920 --> 00:38:55,200 SO A REALLY GREAT BREAK THROUGH 1221 00:38:55,200 --> 00:39:00,360 FOR THE FIELD WITH THIS TRIO OF 1222 00:39:00,360 --> 00:39:03,000 ADVANCES. 1223 00:39:03,000 --> 00:39:06,960 HERE'S A PROJECT IN PART WITH 1224 00:39:06,960 --> 00:39:08,080 FUNDING FROM BRAIN AWARD, WHERE 1225 00:39:08,080 --> 00:39:10,840 THEY HAVE RELEASED THE COMPLETE 1226 00:39:10,840 --> 00:39:13,960 CONNECTOME MAP OF A SINGLE FRUIT 1227 00:39:13,960 --> 00:39:14,280 FLY. 1228 00:39:14,280 --> 00:39:16,920 THERE WERE A BUNCH OF 1229 00:39:16,920 --> 00:39:17,720 BIOARCHIVED PAPERS THAT HAVE 1230 00:39:17,720 --> 00:39:20,040 BEEN POSTED AND THE VERY 1231 00:39:20,040 --> 00:39:21,320 SIGNIFICANT THING HERE I WANT TO 1232 00:39:21,320 --> 00:39:24,200 CALL YOUR ATTENTION TO IS THIS 1233 00:39:24,200 --> 00:39:25,480 FLYWIRE WEBSITE WHERE PEOPLE CAN 1234 00:39:25,480 --> 00:39:27,040 NOW GO IN AND USE THE DATA. 1235 00:39:27,040 --> 00:39:28,360 THESE DATA WERE CONSTRUCTED 1236 00:39:28,360 --> 00:39:30,440 FROM, AGAIN, ONE INDIVIDUAL 1237 00:39:30,440 --> 00:39:31,960 FEMALE FRUIT FLY. 1238 00:39:31,960 --> 00:39:33,600 IT REQUIRED PROOFREADING I THINK 1239 00:39:33,600 --> 00:39:35,440 FROM HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE, YOU CAN 1240 00:39:35,440 --> 00:39:38,200 CORRECT ME IF I'M WAY OFF BASE, 1241 00:39:38,200 --> 00:39:40,040 AND I THINK THIS WILL BE A 1242 00:39:40,040 --> 00:39:41,120 POWERFUL TOOL FOR THE FIELD TO 1243 00:39:41,120 --> 00:39:42,520 HAVE ACCESS TO THIS KIND OF 1244 00:39:42,520 --> 00:39:45,480 INFORMATION TO HELP AND INFORM 1245 00:39:45,480 --> 00:39:46,120 HYPOTHESES, DESIGN EXPERIMENTS 1246 00:39:46,120 --> 00:39:52,320 AND VERY IMPORTANTLY TO FALSIFY 1247 00:39:52,320 --> 00:39:53,600 THEIR HYPOTHESES AS THEY GO 1248 00:39:53,600 --> 00:39:56,280 ALONG, QUITE USEFUL FOR CIRCUITS 1249 00:39:56,280 --> 00:39:57,760 OF BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS IN FRUIT 1250 00:39:57,760 --> 00:39:58,520 FLIES. 1251 00:39:58,520 --> 00:39:59,560 SO CONGRATULATIONS TO YOU GUYS 1252 00:39:59,560 --> 00:40:01,760 FOR THIS GREAT WORK, AND WE LOOK 1253 00:40:01,760 --> 00:40:03,360 FORWARD TO EVEN MORE TO COME. 1254 00:40:03,360 --> 00:40:03,880 OKAY. 1255 00:40:03,880 --> 00:40:05,360 SO A COUPLE THINGS GOING ON IN 1256 00:40:05,360 --> 00:40:07,160 THE HUMAN DOMAIN. 1257 00:40:07,160 --> 00:40:10,080 THIS IS A PAPER FROM BOB KNIGHT 1258 00:40:10,080 --> 00:40:11,880 AND PETER BRUNER FUNDED IN PART 1259 00:40:11,880 --> 00:40:15,000 FROM BRAIN BUT ALSO TOGETHER 1260 00:40:15,000 --> 00:40:16,880 WITH NINDS AND NIBIB. 1261 00:40:16,880 --> 00:40:18,080 HERE WHAT THEY'VE DONE IS 1262 00:40:18,080 --> 00:40:23,280 THEY'VE USED INTRACRANIAL 1263 00:40:23,280 --> 00:40:24,000 RECORDINGS IN 29 PATIENTS WHO 1264 00:40:24,000 --> 00:40:27,520 ARE THEY HAD LISTEN TO OR 1265 00:40:27,520 --> 00:40:30,640 SUBJECTED TO THE PINK FLOYD SONG 1266 00:40:30,640 --> 00:40:32,360 "ANOTHER BRICK IN THE WALL." 1267 00:40:32,360 --> 00:40:33,560 WALTER THINKS THEY SHOULD HAVE 1268 00:40:33,560 --> 00:40:35,240 USED GRATEFUL DEAD BUT THIS IS 1269 00:40:35,240 --> 00:40:36,440 WHAT THEY CHOSE AT THE TIME. 1270 00:40:36,440 --> 00:40:38,040 THEY MANAGED TO OBTAIN 1271 00:40:38,040 --> 00:40:42,360 RECORDINGS MAINLY OVER 1272 00:40:42,360 --> 00:40:44,000 SUPERIOR -- THEY FOUND TO DECODE 1273 00:40:44,000 --> 00:40:46,040 THIS INFORMATION AND TO BE ABLE 1274 00:40:46,040 --> 00:40:47,720 TO PLAY IT BACK IN SOME 1275 00:40:47,720 --> 00:40:49,040 SEMBLANCE OF WHAT THE SONG 1276 00:40:49,040 --> 00:40:50,720 INITIALLY SOUNDED LIKE. 1277 00:40:50,720 --> 00:40:53,240 SO I'M HAVING AUDIO PROBLEMS, 1278 00:40:53,240 --> 00:40:54,480 BUT IF YOU CAN SING ALONG IN 1279 00:40:54,480 --> 00:40:56,000 YOUR MIND AS THESE PATIENTS, I 1280 00:40:56,000 --> 00:40:58,520 GUESS, WERE DOING TO 1281 00:40:58,520 --> 00:41:01,320 SOME DEGREE, WHAT THE SONG 1282 00:41:01,320 --> 00:41:04,000 SOUNDED LIKE, THEY COULD TAKE 1283 00:41:04,000 --> 00:41:07,080 THESE RECEPTIVE FIELD DATA AND 1284 00:41:07,080 --> 00:41:09,720 ACTUALLY USING A NON-LINEAR 1285 00:41:09,720 --> 00:41:11,880 MODEL HAVE A PRETTY GOOD 1286 00:41:11,880 --> 00:41:13,600 PLAYBACK OF WHAT THE SONG 1287 00:41:13,600 --> 00:41:14,800 SOUNDED LIKE. 1288 00:41:14,800 --> 00:41:16,520 SO WHY IS THIS AT ALL RELEVANT? 1289 00:41:16,520 --> 00:41:18,400 I MEAN, IT'S KIND OF COOL, BUT 1290 00:41:18,400 --> 00:41:21,120 AGAIN, THEY ZEROED IN ON THE 1291 00:41:21,120 --> 00:41:24,000 SUPERIOR TEMPORAL GYRUS AS A 1292 00:41:24,000 --> 00:41:24,760 REGION THAT CODES THIS 1293 00:41:24,760 --> 00:41:25,440 INFORMATION. 1294 00:41:25,440 --> 00:41:29,600 I'VE TALKED TO YOU BEFORE ABOUT 1295 00:41:29,600 --> 00:41:32,320 SOME BRAIN-TO-SPEECH, 1296 00:41:32,320 --> 00:41:33,440 BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE 1297 00:41:33,440 --> 00:41:34,600 NEUROPROSTHETICS THAT HAVE BEEN 1298 00:41:34,600 --> 00:41:37,120 DEVELOPED BY EDDIE CHANG'S GROUP 1299 00:41:37,120 --> 00:41:38,880 FROM UCSF AND SIMILAR WORK 1300 00:41:38,880 --> 00:41:44,400 THAT'S BEEN DONE BY THE BRAIN 1301 00:41:44,400 --> 00:41:45,320 GATE 2 CONSORTIUM. 1302 00:41:45,320 --> 00:41:48,640 THE SYNTHSEUZER THAT EDDIE'S 1303 00:41:48,640 --> 00:41:52,160 GROUP HAS MADE, THE VOICE IS 1304 00:41:52,160 --> 00:41:54,040 QUITE SYNTHETIC, THOSE OLD 1305 00:41:54,040 --> 00:41:55,760 THINGS WE USED TO HAVE ON OUR 1306 00:41:55,760 --> 00:41:58,240 OWN CELL PHONES. 1307 00:41:58,240 --> 00:42:00,440 THE POTENTIAL BENEFIT HERE IS 1308 00:42:00,440 --> 00:42:02,880 THAT BY COMBINING THE ABILITY TO 1309 00:42:02,880 --> 00:42:04,800 DECORRODE INFORMATION ABOUT 1310 00:42:04,800 --> 00:42:07,560 MUSIC, RHYTHM, WHAT HAVE YOU, IT 1311 00:42:07,560 --> 00:42:09,160 GIVES THE POSSIBILITY OF ADDING 1312 00:42:09,160 --> 00:42:11,200 ADDITIONAL NUANCE INTO THESE 1313 00:42:11,200 --> 00:42:12,040 SPEECH SYNTHESIZERS. 1314 00:42:12,040 --> 00:42:13,920 SO AS WE ALL KNOW, VERBAL 1315 00:42:13,920 --> 00:42:15,760 COMMUNICATION IS MORE ABOUT THAN 1316 00:42:15,760 --> 00:42:16,440 JUST WORDS. 1317 00:42:16,440 --> 00:42:18,040 THERE'S INTONATION, THERE'S 1318 00:42:18,040 --> 00:42:19,800 NUANCE AND SUCH, SO THIS MIGHT 1319 00:42:19,800 --> 00:42:21,240 BE ANOTHER AVENUE TO EXPLORE IN 1320 00:42:21,240 --> 00:42:25,400 TERMS OF HOW TO MAKE THESE TYPES 1321 00:42:25,400 --> 00:42:27,080 OF NEURAL PROSTHESES EVEN MORE 1322 00:42:27,080 --> 00:42:28,040 EFFECTIVE FOR THE PATIENTS WHO 1323 00:42:28,040 --> 00:42:28,480 NEED THEM. 1324 00:42:28,480 --> 00:42:29,680 SO STAY TUNED ON THIS. 1325 00:42:29,680 --> 00:42:31,720 I'M SORRY THE SOUND ISN'T 1326 00:42:31,720 --> 00:42:33,120 WORKING HERE, BUT AGAIN, YOU CAN 1327 00:42:33,120 --> 00:42:34,360 HUM ALONG IN YOUR HEAD WHAT YOU 1328 00:42:34,360 --> 00:42:36,480 THINK THE SONG MIGHT HAVE 1329 00:42:36,480 --> 00:42:37,440 SOUNDED LIKE. 1330 00:42:37,440 --> 00:42:40,520 WE ALSO HAD SOME DEVELOPMENTS IN 1331 00:42:40,520 --> 00:42:41,720 THE DBS SPACE. 1332 00:42:41,720 --> 00:42:45,240 THIS IS A PAPER THAT WAS JUST 1333 00:42:45,240 --> 00:42:46,200 PUBLISHED WHERE THEY CONDUCTED 1334 00:42:46,200 --> 00:42:51,480 FIRST IN HUMAN TRIALS ON A DOZEN 1335 00:42:51,480 --> 00:42:52,840 PATIENTS WHO SUFFERED STROKE, 1336 00:42:52,840 --> 00:42:54,640 AND HERE TO REGAIN MOTOR 1337 00:42:54,640 --> 00:42:57,680 ACTIVITY, THEY'VE NOW IDENTIFIED 1338 00:42:57,680 --> 00:43:00,960 THE CEREBELLAR DENTATE NUCLEUS 1339 00:43:00,960 --> 00:43:03,360 AS A POTENTIALLY EFFECTIVE SITE 1340 00:43:03,360 --> 00:43:05,480 FOR DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION TO 1341 00:43:05,480 --> 00:43:06,360 RECOVER NEURAL FUNCTION. 1342 00:43:06,360 --> 00:43:08,560 IN FACT, IN 9 OUT OF THE 12 1343 00:43:08,560 --> 00:43:11,120 PATIENTS, THEY SAW SIGNIFICANT 1344 00:43:11,120 --> 00:43:12,720 INCREASE IN THEIR VARIOUS SCORES 1345 00:43:12,720 --> 00:43:14,760 IN TERMS OF RECOVERING MOTOR 1346 00:43:14,760 --> 00:43:16,320 FUNCTION, UPPER ARM MOBILITY AND 1347 00:43:16,320 --> 00:43:20,160 WHAT HAVE YOU, AND THEY'VE ALSO 1348 00:43:20,160 --> 00:43:22,560 SHOWN WITH PET CT THAT THIS 1349 00:43:22,560 --> 00:43:24,160 ELICITED INCREASED METABOLIC 1350 00:43:24,160 --> 00:43:25,600 ACTIVITY IN THE PERILEAGUESAL 1351 00:43:25,600 --> 00:43:31,560 SPACEPERILESIONALSPACE IN THE C. 1352 00:43:31,560 --> 00:43:34,160 SO ANOTHER WAY IN TO HELP 1353 00:43:34,160 --> 00:43:35,480 PATIENTS WHO HAVE LOST MOTOR 1354 00:43:35,480 --> 00:43:36,240 FUNCTION FOLLOWING STROKE. 1355 00:43:36,240 --> 00:43:39,280 I THINK THE LAST TIME I TOLD YOU 1356 00:43:39,280 --> 00:43:42,280 ABOUT THE -- FROM PITT THAT USED 1357 00:43:42,280 --> 00:43:43,280 EPIDURAL SPINAL STIMULATION TO 1358 00:43:43,280 --> 00:43:44,680 ASSIST IN RECOVERY OF MOTOR 1359 00:43:44,680 --> 00:43:45,640 FUNCTION. 1360 00:43:45,640 --> 00:43:47,440 AND SO THIS IS ADDING TO A 1361 00:43:47,440 --> 00:43:51,160 GROWING LIST OF APPLICATIONS OF 1362 00:43:51,160 --> 00:43:52,320 THESE NEUROTECHNOLOGIES THAT ARE 1363 00:43:52,320 --> 00:43:53,120 ALREADY HELPING TO START 1364 00:43:53,120 --> 00:43:53,760 PATIENTS IN CLINIC. 1365 00:43:53,760 --> 00:43:56,040 THIS IS AN EARLY STUDY. 1366 00:43:56,040 --> 00:43:57,200 9 OUT OF THE 12 PATIENTS HERE 1367 00:43:57,200 --> 00:43:57,720 BENEFITED. 1368 00:43:57,720 --> 00:43:59,600 THE THREE THAT DIDN'T, I THINK 1369 00:43:59,600 --> 00:44:00,560 HAD VERY LIMITED FUNCTION, SO 1370 00:44:00,560 --> 00:44:01,880 RIGHT NOW THE TEAM IS HARD AT 1371 00:44:01,880 --> 00:44:04,840 WORK TO FIGURE OUT -- TO FIGURE 1372 00:44:04,840 --> 00:44:07,560 OUT EXACTLY WHO WILL BENEFIT 1373 00:44:07,560 --> 00:44:10,320 FROM THESE KINDS OF DBS 1374 00:44:10,320 --> 00:44:15,480 THERAPIES, AND MOVING ON TO A 1375 00:44:15,480 --> 00:44:16,480 LARGER CLINICAL TRIAL I HOPE IN 1376 00:44:16,480 --> 00:44:17,080 THE FUTURE. 1377 00:44:17,080 --> 00:44:19,240 SO STAY TUNED ON THIS, BUT AGAIN 1378 00:44:19,240 --> 00:44:20,480 A VERY EXCITING DEVELOPMENT IN A 1379 00:44:20,480 --> 00:44:22,120 FIELD OF DEVELOPMENTS WE'VE SEEN 1380 00:44:22,120 --> 00:44:24,880 OVER THE LAST YEAR OR TWO IN 1381 00:44:24,880 --> 00:44:26,200 APPLYING DBS THERAPIES TO A 1382 00:44:26,200 --> 00:44:28,760 WHOLE RANGE OF BRAIN DISORDERS. 1383 00:44:28,760 --> 00:44:30,160 OKAY, FINALLY, I THINK THIS IS 1384 00:44:30,160 --> 00:44:31,600 MY LAST SCIENCE SLIDE UPDATE, 1385 00:44:31,600 --> 00:44:33,400 HERE'S A STUDY THAT WAS ALSO 1386 00:44:33,400 --> 00:44:39,840 PUBLISHED RECENTLY FROM UCLA WHO 1387 00:44:39,840 --> 00:44:41,840 WERE GETTING AT THIS IDEA OF 1388 00:44:41,840 --> 00:44:43,240 NEEDING AND WANTING TO BE ABLE 1389 00:44:43,240 --> 00:44:47,080 TO MONITOR NEURAL ACTIVITY AS 1390 00:44:47,080 --> 00:44:55,000 WELL AS BEHAVIOR IN WHAT I WOULD 1391 00:44:55,000 --> 00:44:58,840 CALL -- THEY DEVELOPED A DEVICE 1392 00:44:58,840 --> 00:45:01,080 THAT'S ABLE TO TAKE AND PROCESS 1393 00:45:01,080 --> 00:45:02,600 RECORDINGS, BOTH SINGLE UNIT AS 1394 00:45:02,600 --> 00:45:04,840 WELL AS LFP AND ALSO FROM 1395 00:45:04,840 --> 00:45:06,400 INTRACRANIAL EEG RECORDINGS AND 1396 00:45:06,400 --> 00:45:16,920 ALSO IN A CLOSED LOOP FASHION. 1397 00:45:17,440 --> 00:45:18,640 IT WAS WIRELESS SO THE PATIENT 1398 00:45:18,640 --> 00:45:19,840 COULD GET OUT OF BED AND WALK 1399 00:45:19,840 --> 00:45:21,200 AROUND THE ROOM, WHICH IS NOT 1400 00:45:21,200 --> 00:45:22,600 QUITE BEHAVING IN THE WILD BUT 1401 00:45:22,600 --> 00:45:24,000 IT'S A LOT BETTER THAN LYING IN 1402 00:45:24,000 --> 00:45:25,720 THE HOSPITAL BED, AND THEY CAN 1403 00:45:25,720 --> 00:45:29,200 NOW COMBINE THIS WITH BEHAVIORAL 1404 00:45:29,200 --> 00:45:31,120 INPUTS, EYE TRACKING CAMERAS, ET 1405 00:45:31,120 --> 00:45:32,320 CETERA, SO THIS IS GETTING 1406 00:45:32,320 --> 00:45:34,320 CLOSER TO UNDERSTANDING HUMAN -- 1407 00:45:34,320 --> 00:45:35,600 THE NEURAL BASIS OF HUMAN 1408 00:45:35,600 --> 00:45:37,160 BEHAVIOR IN THE WILD. 1409 00:45:37,160 --> 00:45:40,200 AND THEY HAVE AN ONBOARD 1410 00:45:40,200 --> 00:45:43,600 PROCESSING PROCESSING UNIT THATW 1411 00:45:43,600 --> 00:45:46,760 TAKE THESE DATA AND ON THE FLY 1412 00:45:46,760 --> 00:45:52,160 MODULATE CLOSED LOOP STIM LAY SS 1413 00:45:52,160 --> 00:45:56,880 FOR PATIENTS WITH EPILEPSY, FOR 1414 00:45:56,880 --> 00:45:58,480 EXAMPLE. 1415 00:45:58,480 --> 00:46:01,000 -- IN TERMS OF UNDERSTANDING 1416 00:46:01,000 --> 00:46:02,360 BEHAVIOR IN HUMANS, SO STAY 1417 00:46:02,360 --> 00:46:03,480 TUNED FOR THAT. 1418 00:46:03,480 --> 00:46:04,960 SO THAT'S IT FOR MY SCIENCE 1419 00:46:04,960 --> 00:46:05,400 UPDATES. 1420 00:46:05,400 --> 00:46:06,600 I JUST WANT TO REMIND YOU 1421 00:46:06,600 --> 00:46:07,440 THERE'S DIFFERENT WAYS YOU CAN 1422 00:46:07,440 --> 00:46:09,080 FIND OUT MORE ABOUT US ON OUR 1423 00:46:09,080 --> 00:46:10,920 WEBSITE, WE HAVE THE BRAIN BLOG, 1424 00:46:10,920 --> 00:46:14,000 THE NEW AND IMPROVED WEBSITE, 1425 00:46:14,000 --> 00:46:15,560 THE GUIDE NOTICES, BUT VERY 1426 00:46:15,560 --> 00:46:16,760 IMPORTANTLY IF YOU HAVE ANY 1427 00:46:16,760 --> 00:46:18,200 QUESTIONS ABOUT OUR PROGRAMS, 1428 00:46:18,200 --> 00:46:19,160 YOUR BEST POINT OF CONTACT WILL 1429 00:46:19,160 --> 00:46:21,440 BE THE PROGRAM OFFICERS, AND 1430 00:46:21,440 --> 00:46:22,840 THEY'RE ALWAYS HAPPY AND READY 1431 00:46:22,840 --> 00:46:26,080 TO STAND BY TO HELP YOU WITH ANY 1432 00:46:26,080 --> 00:46:26,880 QUESTIONS YOU MIGHT HAVE. 1433 00:46:26,880 --> 00:46:28,000 I'LL STOP THERE AND TAKE ANY 1434 00:46:28,000 --> 00:46:31,160 QUESTIONS. 1435 00:46:31,160 --> 00:46:32,680 >>WE ONLY HAVE A COUPLE MINUTES 1436 00:46:32,680 --> 00:46:33,200 BUT ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS? 1437 00:46:33,200 --> 00:46:34,720 PLEASE RAISE YOUR HAND IF 1438 00:46:34,720 --> 00:46:35,280 >>STUNNED AT THE SILENCE. 1439 00:46:35,280 --> 00:46:36,800 SORRY. 1440 00:46:36,800 --> 00:46:39,200 >>I'M NOT SEEING ANY RIGHT NOW. 1441 00:46:39,200 --> 00:46:41,120 EVERYTHING WAS PERFECTLY CLEAR. 1442 00:46:41,120 --> 00:46:47,160 >>I DOUBT THAT, BUT -- WE'LL 1443 00:46:47,160 --> 00:46:48,880 GET PEOPLE -- 1444 00:46:48,880 --> 00:46:51,680 >>WHY DON'T WE MOVE ON THEN TO 1445 00:46:51,680 --> 00:46:52,680 DR. CHRISTINE GRADY TO UPDATE US 1446 00:46:52,680 --> 00:46:54,960 ON SOME OF THE DISCUSSIONS FROM 1447 00:46:54,960 --> 00:46:55,880 YESTERDAY'S NEUROETHICS WORKING 1448 00:46:55,880 --> 00:46:57,760 GROUP MEETING. 1449 00:46:57,760 --> 00:46:59,280 >>THANK YOU, SUSAN. 1450 00:46:59,280 --> 00:47:01,960 THANK YOU, JOHN, ACTUALLY THAT 1451 00:47:01,960 --> 00:47:03,440 WAS -- I FOUND THE PINK FLOYD 1452 00:47:03,440 --> 00:47:05,440 MUSIC THING VERY INTERESTING. 1453 00:47:05,440 --> 00:47:06,840 VERY INTERESTING. 1454 00:47:06,840 --> 00:47:08,400 WISH I HAD SOMETHING AS EXCITING 1455 00:47:08,400 --> 00:47:10,040 AS THAT. 1456 00:47:10,040 --> 00:47:11,760 >>SORRY, THEY WANTED ME TO 1457 00:47:11,760 --> 00:47:13,680 UPDATE SOMETHING AND I JUST 1458 00:47:13,680 --> 00:47:15,760 DIDN'T DARE, SO -- BUT YOU GUYS 1459 00:47:15,760 --> 00:47:16,440 CAN LISTEN. 1460 00:47:16,440 --> 00:47:18,240 >>OKAY. 1461 00:47:18,240 --> 00:47:19,640 SO JUST IN CASE THERE ARE PEOPLE 1462 00:47:19,640 --> 00:47:20,880 WHO ARE NEW WHO DON'T KNOW WHAT 1463 00:47:20,880 --> 00:47:22,520 THE NEUROETHICS WORKING GROUP 1464 00:47:22,520 --> 00:47:25,600 IS, THIS IS A GROUP OF NINE 1465 00:47:25,600 --> 00:47:26,880 PEOPLE WHO ARE EXPERTS IN 1466 00:47:26,880 --> 00:47:28,240 NEUROETHICS AND NEUROSCIENCE 1467 00:47:28,240 --> 00:47:30,760 THAT PROVIDE SOME NEUROETHICS 1468 00:47:30,760 --> 00:47:33,360 INPUT TO THE BRAIN INITIATIVE. 1469 00:47:33,360 --> 00:47:36,800 IT STARTED IN LATE 2015, AND I 1470 00:47:36,800 --> 00:47:38,480 HAVE THE PRIVILEGE OF 1471 00:47:38,480 --> 00:47:41,120 CO-CHAIRING IT ALONG WITH 1472 00:47:41,120 --> 00:47:44,320 DR. NITA FA RHANI, WHO'S FROM 1473 00:47:44,320 --> 00:47:45,200 DUKE. 1474 00:47:45,200 --> 00:47:46,120 WE MEET TWICE A YEAR, IN JANUARY 1475 00:47:46,120 --> 00:47:47,880 AND AUGUST, AND HOLD SOME 1476 00:47:47,880 --> 00:47:50,840 TOPICAL WORKSHOPS WHEN 1477 00:47:50,840 --> 00:47:52,440 APPROPRIATE. 1478 00:47:52,440 --> 00:47:53,840 SO WE DID MEET YESTERDAY. 1479 00:47:53,840 --> 00:47:56,600 WE'VE BEEN QUITE BUSY LATELY, I 1480 00:47:56,600 --> 00:47:56,880 THINK. 1481 00:47:56,880 --> 00:47:58,200 I THINK YOU ALREADY HEARD FROM 1482 00:47:58,200 --> 00:48:00,240 JOHN ABOUT THE WORKSHOP ON DATA 1483 00:48:00,240 --> 00:48:02,520 SHARING THAT WAS HELD IN JULY. 1484 00:48:02,520 --> 00:48:06,320 THAT WAS A TWO-DAY WORKSHOP. 1485 00:48:06,320 --> 00:48:10,000 AND WE ACTUALLY HAD IN-PERSON 1486 00:48:10,000 --> 00:48:11,760 PARTICIPATION AS WELL AS HYBRID 1487 00:48:11,760 --> 00:48:12,080 PARTICIPATION. 1488 00:48:12,080 --> 00:48:14,160 AND WHAT WE DID AT THE WORKSHOP 1489 00:48:14,160 --> 00:48:15,560 AS YOU HEARD WAS TO DISCUSS THE 1490 00:48:15,560 --> 00:48:17,600 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF 1491 00:48:17,600 --> 00:48:20,880 SHARING INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL HUMAN 1492 00:48:20,880 --> 00:48:24,680 BRAIN DATA, FOCUSING PRIMARILY 1493 00:48:24,680 --> 00:48:26,520 ON THE BENEFITS AND THE RISKS 1494 00:48:26,520 --> 00:48:28,360 AND THE TRADEOFF BETWEEN 1495 00:48:28,360 --> 00:48:29,480 BENEFITS AND RISKS. 1496 00:48:29,480 --> 00:48:30,400 AND ONE OF THE THINGS WE TRIED 1497 00:48:30,400 --> 00:48:34,320 TO DO AT THAT WORKSHOP WAS TALK 1498 00:48:34,320 --> 00:48:36,960 ABOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF PUTTING 1499 00:48:36,960 --> 00:48:40,440 TOGETHER A FRAMEWORK THAT MIGHT 1500 00:48:40,440 --> 00:48:41,760 CONTEXTUALIZE OR CONCEPTUALIZE, 1501 00:48:41,760 --> 00:48:44,520 EXCUSE ME, THE COMPLEXITIES OF 1502 00:48:44,520 --> 00:48:45,240 BRAIN DATA. 1503 00:48:45,240 --> 00:48:46,360 PERHAPS THROUGH LIKE A SPECTRUM 1504 00:48:46,360 --> 00:48:48,080 OF RISK THAT TAKES INTO ACCOUNT 1505 00:48:48,080 --> 00:48:50,080 BOTH THE LIKELIHOOD AND THE 1506 00:48:50,080 --> 00:48:53,200 MAGNITUDE OF POTENTIAL RISK FROM 1507 00:48:53,200 --> 00:48:54,760 SHARING BRAIN DATA. 1508 00:48:54,760 --> 00:48:56,960 WE ALSO, I THINK JOHN MENTIONED 1509 00:48:56,960 --> 00:48:59,240 WE HAD BREAKOUT SESSIONS, AND 1510 00:48:59,240 --> 00:49:02,280 THE BREAKOUT SESSIONS FOCUSED ON 1511 00:49:02,280 --> 00:49:04,000 TALKING ABOUT POTENTIAL 1512 00:49:04,000 --> 00:49:06,400 SAFEGUARDS THAT MIGHT MITIGATE 1513 00:49:06,400 --> 00:49:07,880 ANY RISKS OF DATA SHARING. 1514 00:49:07,880 --> 00:49:11,440 AND ONE OF THOSE BREAKOUT GROUPS 1515 00:49:11,440 --> 00:49:14,400 WAS FOCUSED ON INFORMED CONSENT. 1516 00:49:14,400 --> 00:49:16,480 SO OUR MEETING YESTERDAY, THE 1517 00:49:16,480 --> 00:49:17,760 NEUROETHICS WORKING GROUP, THE 1518 00:49:17,760 --> 00:49:19,400 FOCUS OF THAT MEETING WAS TO 1519 00:49:19,400 --> 00:49:21,960 TAKE A DEEPER DIVE INTO ISSUES 1520 00:49:21,960 --> 00:49:25,160 RELATED TO INFORMED CONSENT, AND 1521 00:49:25,160 --> 00:49:27,440 JIM EVERWINE, WHO'S A MEMBER OF 1522 00:49:27,440 --> 00:49:29,800 THIS COUNCIL AS WELL, WAS 1523 00:49:29,800 --> 00:49:31,120 GRACIOUS ENOUGH TO CO-CHAIR IT 1524 00:49:31,120 --> 00:49:32,240 YESTERDAY WITH ME AND RUN SOME 1525 00:49:32,240 --> 00:49:35,480 OF THE SESSIONS. 1526 00:49:35,480 --> 00:49:37,640 WHAT WE FOCUSED ON YESTERDAY WAS 1527 00:49:37,640 --> 00:49:41,520 DISCLOSURE PRIMARILY AND 1528 00:49:41,520 --> 00:49:45,080 PARTICIPANT CONTROL IN THE 1529 00:49:45,080 --> 00:49:46,360 DECISIONS ABOUT SHARING THEIR 1530 00:49:46,360 --> 00:49:47,200 HUMAN BRAIN DATA. 1531 00:49:47,200 --> 00:49:48,720 SO WITH RESPECT TO DISCLOSURE, 1532 00:49:48,720 --> 00:49:53,600 WE ASKED BASICALLY THE QUESTION 1533 00:49:53,600 --> 00:49:54,320 WHAT DO INDIVIDUALS NEED TO 1534 00:49:54,320 --> 00:49:55,240 UNDERSTAND PRIOR TO SHARING 1535 00:49:55,240 --> 00:49:56,160 THEIR BRAIN DATA? 1536 00:49:56,160 --> 00:49:59,000 AND IN WHAT LEVEL OF DETAIL? 1537 00:49:59,000 --> 00:50:00,640 THERE WAS SOME DISCUSSION 1538 00:50:00,640 --> 00:50:04,640 ABOUT -- FROM THE MEMBERS OF THE 1539 00:50:04,640 --> 00:50:07,600 GROUP, THE IMPORTANCE OF 1540 00:50:07,600 --> 00:50:09,000 UNDERSTANDING CROSS-CULTURAL AND 1541 00:50:09,000 --> 00:50:10,080 COMMUNITY-BASED CONSIDERATIONS 1542 00:50:10,080 --> 00:50:14,320 IN THIS DISCUSSION OF WHAT TO 1543 00:50:14,320 --> 00:50:15,280 DISCLOSE, BECAUSE CERTAIN 1544 00:50:15,280 --> 00:50:16,080 CULTURES AND COMMUNITIES MIGHT 1545 00:50:16,080 --> 00:50:16,920 UNDERSTAND RESEARCH OR 1546 00:50:16,920 --> 00:50:18,960 UNDERSTAND RESEARCH RISKS 1547 00:50:18,960 --> 00:50:21,800 DIFFERENTLY THAN OTHERS. 1548 00:50:21,800 --> 00:50:24,400 WE ALSO DISCUSSED THE SORT OF 1549 00:50:24,400 --> 00:50:27,200 CHALLENGE OF TALKING ABOUT 1550 00:50:27,200 --> 00:50:30,040 POTENTIAL RISKS, RISKS THAT ARE 1551 00:50:30,040 --> 00:50:31,960 CURRENTLY UNKNOWN OR THE 1552 00:50:31,960 --> 00:50:32,880 UNCERTAINTY OF WHAT MIGHT COME 1553 00:50:32,880 --> 00:50:34,680 IN THE FUTURE IN TERMS OF 1554 00:50:34,680 --> 00:50:35,680 SCIENTIFIC POSSIBILITIES, AND 1555 00:50:35,680 --> 00:50:36,680 THE POSSIBILITY OF WHAT DO YOU 1556 00:50:36,680 --> 00:50:37,640 DO ABOUT THAT. 1557 00:50:37,640 --> 00:50:42,200 CAN YOU GO BACK AND RE-CONSENT 1558 00:50:42,200 --> 00:50:43,280 PEOPLE, ACKNOWLEDGING THAT THAT 1559 00:50:43,280 --> 00:50:44,600 IS A VERY DIFFICULT PROCESS. 1560 00:50:44,600 --> 00:50:47,040 THEN THE SECOND PART OF THE 1561 00:50:47,040 --> 00:50:48,320 PANEL WAS, IN ADDITION TO 1562 00:50:48,320 --> 00:50:49,160 DISCLOSURE, WAS TALKING ABOUT 1563 00:50:49,160 --> 00:50:51,360 DIFFERENT MODELS OF INFORM 1564 00:50:51,360 --> 00:50:51,960 CONSENT. 1565 00:50:51,960 --> 00:50:57,600 WE HEARD FROM DR. LUCILA 1566 00:50:57,600 --> 00:50:58,880 ONORISHADA WHO WAS INSTRUMENTAL 1567 00:50:58,880 --> 00:51:02,640 IN PUTTING TOGETHER THIS PROJECT 1568 00:51:02,640 --> 00:51:04,160 CALLED I CONCUR OR I AGREE, 1569 00:51:04,160 --> 00:51:05,320 WHICH PROVIDES PARTICIPANTS WHO 1570 00:51:05,320 --> 00:51:06,520 ARE BEING ASKED TO SHARE THEIR 1571 00:51:06,520 --> 00:51:09,400 DATA WITH THE OPTION OF CHOOSE G 1572 00:51:09,400 --> 00:51:10,920 THE LEVEL OF DETAILED PERSONAL 1573 00:51:10,920 --> 00:51:12,240 INFORMATION THAT IS SHARED WHEN 1574 00:51:12,240 --> 00:51:13,360 THEIR DATA IS SHARED. 1575 00:51:13,360 --> 00:51:14,920 FIRST OF ALL, SHARING YOUR DATA 1576 00:51:14,920 --> 00:51:18,080 OR NOT, BUT SECONDLY, THERE'S A 1577 00:51:18,080 --> 00:51:19,680 MODULE THAT THEY GET TO CHOOSE 1578 00:51:19,680 --> 00:51:21,640 WHAT KINDS OF PERSONAL 1579 00:51:21,640 --> 00:51:22,520 INFORMATION THEY ARE WILLING TO 1580 00:51:22,520 --> 00:51:24,280 SHARE AND WHAT KINDS THEY'RE 1581 00:51:24,280 --> 00:51:25,600 NOT. 1582 00:51:25,600 --> 00:51:28,080 WE ALSO TALKED ABOUT DYNAMIC 1583 00:51:28,080 --> 00:51:30,640 CONSENT PROCEDURES, IN WHICH 1584 00:51:30,640 --> 00:51:34,640 THERE'S A PERSONALIZED 1585 00:51:34,640 --> 00:51:35,800 COMMUNICATION INTERFACE THAT 1586 00:51:35,800 --> 00:51:38,720 ENABLES GREATER PARTICIPANT 1587 00:51:38,720 --> 00:51:40,920 ENGAGEMENT, IN WHICH PEOPLE CAN 1588 00:51:40,920 --> 00:51:42,280 CONSENT TWO NEW PROJECTS OVER 1589 00:51:42,280 --> 00:51:44,120 TIME OR ALTER THEIR CONSENT 1590 00:51:44,120 --> 00:51:47,000 CHOICES OVER TIME. 1591 00:51:47,000 --> 00:51:48,680 AND ALSO IT'S A GREAT MECHANISM 1592 00:51:48,680 --> 00:51:50,080 FOR COMMUNICATING WHAT KINDS OF 1593 00:51:50,080 --> 00:51:54,000 RESEARCH ARE BEING DONE AND 1594 00:51:54,000 --> 00:51:55,600 FINDINGS. 1595 00:51:55,600 --> 00:51:57,680 AND THEN DR. AMY McGUIRE FROM 1596 00:51:57,680 --> 00:51:59,960 BAYLOR PRESENTED ON A STUDY THAT 1597 00:51:59,960 --> 00:52:02,440 SHE HAD DONE OF CONSENT FOR 1598 00:52:02,440 --> 00:52:03,480 GENETIC DATA SHARING AND TALKED 1599 00:52:03,480 --> 00:52:05,120 ABOUT SOME OF THE IMPLICATIONS 1600 00:52:05,120 --> 00:52:09,160 OF THE FINDINGS OF THAT STUDY 1601 00:52:09,160 --> 00:52:10,400 FOR SHARING BRAIN DATA. 1602 00:52:10,400 --> 00:52:12,160 AND A COUPLE OF INTERESTING 1603 00:52:12,160 --> 00:52:16,240 THINGS FROM HER PRESENTATION. 1604 00:52:16,240 --> 00:52:18,040 ONE WAS THAT PERHAPS NOT 1605 00:52:18,040 --> 00:52:19,920 SURPRISINGLY, HOW CONSENT IS 1606 00:52:19,920 --> 00:52:21,480 FRAMED CAN IMPACT HOW WILLING 1607 00:52:21,480 --> 00:52:23,120 PEOPLE ARE TO SHARE THEIR DATA. 1608 00:52:23,120 --> 00:52:24,960 SO IN OTHER WORDS, THE WORDS 1609 00:52:24,960 --> 00:52:27,520 REALLY DO MATTER, WHAT THEY'RE 1610 00:52:27,520 --> 00:52:28,800 TOLD REALLY DOES MATTER IN TERMS 1611 00:52:28,800 --> 00:52:30,400 OF WHAT PEOPLE DECIDE TO DO 1612 00:52:30,400 --> 00:52:32,720 ABOUT SHARING THEIR DATA. 1613 00:52:32,720 --> 00:52:36,360 THE OTHER THING SHE MENTIONED 1614 00:52:36,360 --> 00:52:37,800 WAS THAT -- GENERALLY THE 1615 00:52:37,800 --> 00:52:38,960 RESEARCH, HER RESEARCH AND OTHER 1616 00:52:38,960 --> 00:52:40,680 RESEARCH HAS SHOWN THAT WHAT 1617 00:52:40,680 --> 00:52:41,800 PEOPLE HYPOTHETICALLY SAY 1618 00:52:41,800 --> 00:52:44,400 THEY'RE WILLING TO SHARE -- WHAT 1619 00:52:44,400 --> 00:52:45,800 THEY WILL CHOOSE TO SHARE AND 1620 00:52:45,800 --> 00:52:48,960 WHAT THEY ACTUALLY SHARE WHEN 1621 00:52:48,960 --> 00:52:50,920 ASKED IN A REAL-LIFE SITUATION, 1622 00:52:50,920 --> 00:52:54,640 CAN VASTLY DIFFER. 1623 00:52:54,640 --> 00:52:58,320 AND SHE ALSO NOTED THAT THE 1624 00:52:58,320 --> 00:53:00,920 POPULATIONS THAT YOU ASK VARY 1625 00:53:00,920 --> 00:53:03,600 QUITE DRAMATICALLY IN SOME CASES 1626 00:53:03,600 --> 00:53:06,520 IN CHOOSING WHETHER OR NOT THEY 1627 00:53:06,520 --> 00:53:08,880 PRIORITIZE PROTECTING PRIVACY OF 1628 00:53:08,880 --> 00:53:10,760 THEIR DATA OVER ADVANCING 1629 00:53:10,760 --> 00:53:13,680 RESEARCH OR VICE VERSA. 1630 00:53:13,680 --> 00:53:15,720 SO WE CONCLUDED YESTERDAY THAT 1631 00:53:15,720 --> 00:53:18,000 IT'S NOT ENTIRELY CLEAR WHICH 1632 00:53:18,000 --> 00:53:20,840 MODEL OF CONSENT IS THE BEST, 1633 00:53:20,840 --> 00:53:23,320 BUT IT DOES SEEM IMPORTANT TO 1634 00:53:23,320 --> 00:53:25,280 PROVIDE INFORMATION TO HELP 1635 00:53:25,280 --> 00:53:26,640 PARTICIPANTS MAKE CHOICES AND TO 1636 00:53:26,640 --> 00:53:29,360 RESPECT THEIR CHOICES, AND THE 1637 00:53:29,360 --> 00:53:31,280 MEMBERS OF THE NEUROETHICS 1638 00:53:31,280 --> 00:53:33,240 WORKING GROUP WERE INVITED TO 1639 00:53:33,240 --> 00:53:34,560 THINK ABOUT WHAT KIND OF 1640 00:53:34,560 --> 00:53:37,000 INFORMATION TO PROVIDE TO 1641 00:53:37,000 --> 00:53:39,200 PEOPLE, HOW TO HELP PEOPLE MAKE 1642 00:53:39,200 --> 00:53:40,760 DECISIONS, AND HOW TO GIVE THEM 1643 00:53:40,760 --> 00:53:43,560 A SENSE OF THE KINDS OF RISKS 1644 00:53:43,560 --> 00:53:46,040 THAT SHARING DATA MIGHT ENTAIL, 1645 00:53:46,040 --> 00:53:48,760 AND THE UNCERTAINTY OF FUTURE 1646 00:53:48,760 --> 00:53:50,360 RISKS BECAUSE OF THE UNCERTAINTY 1647 00:53:50,360 --> 00:53:53,760 OF FUTURE SCIENTIFIC 1648 00:53:53,760 --> 00:53:55,560 POSSIBILITIES WITHOUT OVERAGE 1649 00:53:55,560 --> 00:54:01,800 RATINGOVEREXAGGERATING THESE RIR 1650 00:54:01,800 --> 00:54:02,440 OVERHIGH PRESSURING THEM WHICH 1651 00:54:02,440 --> 00:54:03,520 ALSO MAY BE INACCURATE. 1652 00:54:03,520 --> 00:54:05,280 YESTERDAY WE ALSO -- DR. JAY 1653 00:54:05,280 --> 00:54:06,760 CHURCHILL ALSO GAVE THE 1654 00:54:06,760 --> 00:54:07,920 NEUROETHICS WORKING GROUP AND 1655 00:54:07,920 --> 00:54:10,400 OVERVIEW OF THE NEUROETHICS 1656 00:54:10,400 --> 00:54:11,720 RESEARCH THAT HAS BEEN SUPPORTED 1657 00:54:11,720 --> 00:54:14,440 BY BRAIN TO DATE, AND MANY OF 1658 00:54:14,440 --> 00:54:17,480 THE THEMES THAT WE DISCUSSED IN 1659 00:54:17,480 --> 00:54:22,120 THE DATA SHARING PARTS OF THE 1660 00:54:22,120 --> 00:54:24,520 MEETING EMERGED AS BOTH 1661 00:54:24,520 --> 00:54:26,520 POTENTIAL AND FUTURE RESEARCH 1662 00:54:26,520 --> 00:54:27,840 AREAS THAT MIGHT BE SUPPORTED BY 1663 00:54:27,840 --> 00:54:29,280 BRAIN GOING FORWARD. 1664 00:54:29,280 --> 00:54:31,720 SO THAT'S A SUMMARY OF WHAT WE 1665 00:54:31,720 --> 00:54:32,680 DID YESTERDAY BASED ON THE 1666 00:54:32,680 --> 00:54:33,880 WORKSHOP IN JULY, AND I'M HAPPY 1667 00:54:33,880 --> 00:54:35,200 TO ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS THAT 1668 00:54:35,200 --> 00:54:44,640 ANYBODY MIGHT HAVE. 1669 00:54:44,640 --> 00:54:45,880 AND THANKS TO THOSE OF YOU WHO 1670 00:54:45,880 --> 00:54:49,560 WERE THERE YESTERDAY. 1671 00:54:49,560 --> 00:54:50,920 >>THAT WAS A GREAT DISCUSSION 1672 00:54:50,920 --> 00:54:52,440 WE HAD. 1673 00:54:52,440 --> 00:54:55,040 >>YEP. 1674 00:54:55,040 --> 00:54:57,240 >>OKAY. 1675 00:54:57,240 --> 00:55:01,680 NO QUESTIONS BEFORE WE MOVE ON? 1676 00:55:01,680 --> 00:55:03,320 >>NO, DOESN'T LOOK LIKE IT. 1677 00:55:03,320 --> 00:55:04,440 >>THANKS FOR INVITING ME. 1678 00:55:04,440 --> 00:55:05,880 >>THANK YOU, CHRISTINE, FOR ALL 1679 00:55:05,880 --> 00:55:06,440 THAT YOU DO. 1680 00:55:06,440 --> 00:55:09,200 WE REALLY DO APPRECIATE IT. 1681 00:55:09,200 --> 00:55:10,560 FLOH, ARE YOU HERE? 1682 00:55:10,560 --> 00:55:11,480 THERE'S FLOH. 1683 00:55:11,480 --> 00:55:13,800 SO IT IS MY PLEASURE TO 1684 00:55:13,800 --> 00:55:17,720 INTRODUCE FLOH THIELS FROM NSF. 1685 00:55:17,720 --> 00:55:19,480 SO I THINK AS MANY OF YOU MAY 1686 00:55:19,480 --> 00:55:22,080 KNOW OR HOPEFULLY DO KNOW, THE 1687 00:55:22,080 --> 00:55:25,560 U.S. BRAIN INITIATIVE IS A PART 1688 00:55:25,560 --> 00:55:26,880 OF FIVE FEDERAL AGENCIES, AND 1689 00:55:26,880 --> 00:55:28,200 ONE OF OUR VERY CLOSE PARTNERS 1690 00:55:28,200 --> 00:55:29,640 IS OF COURSE THE NATIONAL 1691 00:55:29,640 --> 00:55:34,160 SCIENCE FOUNDATION. 1692 00:55:34,160 --> 00:55:36,800 SO WE'LL HAVE A BRIEF 1693 00:55:36,800 --> 00:55:37,800 PRESENTATION ABOUT WHAT'S GOING 1694 00:55:37,800 --> 00:55:41,600 ON AT NSF IN THIS SPACE. 1695 00:55:41,600 --> 00:55:43,560 FLOH IS THE DIRECTOR FOR 1696 00:55:43,560 --> 00:55:45,720 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AT NSF. 1697 00:55:45,720 --> 00:55:48,320 SHE'S CURRENTLY DETAILED TO THE 1698 00:55:48,320 --> 00:55:49,520 CONVERGENCE ACCELERATOR, THIS 1699 00:55:49,520 --> 00:55:51,440 EXCITING NEW PROGRAM AT THE NSF, 1700 00:55:51,440 --> 00:55:53,400 DIRECTOR FOR TECHNOLOGY, 1701 00:55:53,400 --> 00:55:53,920 INNOVATION PARTNERSHIPS. 1702 00:55:53,920 --> 00:55:55,600 SHE ALSO SERVES AS PROGRAM 1703 00:55:55,600 --> 00:55:56,800 DIRECTOR IN A BUNCH OF OTHER 1704 00:55:56,800 --> 00:55:58,000 PROGRAMS INCLUDING THE NEXT 1705 00:55:58,000 --> 00:55:59,320 GENERATION NETWORKS OF 1706 00:55:59,320 --> 00:56:01,800 NEUROSCIENCE, A COLLABORATION IN 1707 00:56:01,800 --> 00:56:03,200 COMPUTATION NEUROSCIENCE 1708 00:56:03,200 --> 00:56:05,160 EMERGING FRONTIERS, RESEARCH AND 1709 00:56:05,160 --> 00:56:06,360 INNOVATION AND ETHICAL AND 1710 00:56:06,360 --> 00:56:07,400 RESPONSIVE RESEARCH. 1711 00:56:07,400 --> 00:56:09,480 SO PRIOR TO JOINING NSF, FLOH 1712 00:56:09,480 --> 00:56:12,080 WAS ON THE FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY 1713 00:56:12,080 --> 00:56:17,880 OUNIVERSITYOF PITTSBURGH SCHOOLF 1714 00:56:17,880 --> 00:56:18,520 MEDICINE. 1715 00:56:18,520 --> 00:56:19,720 ON A PERSONAL NOTE, I'VE REALLY 1716 00:56:19,720 --> 00:56:20,920 ENJOYED WORKING WITH FLOH, WAS 1717 00:56:20,920 --> 00:56:22,520 IT ABOUT EIGHT OR NINE YEARS 1718 00:56:22,520 --> 00:56:24,120 AGO, YOU LITERALLY WROTE ME IN 1719 00:56:24,120 --> 00:56:26,040 TO BEING INVOLVED IN THIS WHACKY 1720 00:56:26,040 --> 00:56:27,680 EXPERIMENT THAT NSF RAN AS ONE 1721 00:56:27,680 --> 00:56:29,120 OF THEIR FIRST FORAYS INTO THE 1722 00:56:29,120 --> 00:56:30,560 BRAIN INITIATIVE. 1723 00:56:30,560 --> 00:56:32,360 IT WAS THIS WHAT THEY CALL IDEAS 1724 00:56:32,360 --> 00:56:34,880 LAB FOR FINDING OLD NEW CRAZY 1725 00:56:34,880 --> 00:56:37,400 IDEAS FOR CRACKING THE OLFACTORY 1726 00:56:37,400 --> 00:56:43,640 CODE, AND SHE AND -- LITERALLY 1727 00:56:43,640 --> 00:56:45,000 TWISTED MY ARM AS A MENTOR, THEY 1728 00:56:45,000 --> 00:56:47,160 BROUGHT IN ABOUT 40 OR 50 1729 00:56:47,160 --> 00:56:48,240 NEUROSCIENTISTS, I HAD NO IDEA 1730 00:56:48,240 --> 00:56:50,080 WHO WAS GOING TO BE THERE. 1731 00:56:50,080 --> 00:56:51,920 THEY LITERALLY LOCKED US IN FOR 1732 00:56:51,920 --> 00:56:53,800 A WEEK AND THEY SHOOK US UP AND 1733 00:56:53,800 --> 00:56:56,680 OUT CAME A BUNCH OF REALLY COOL 1734 00:56:56,680 --> 00:56:58,560 PROJECTS, SOME OF WHICH ARE 1735 00:56:58,560 --> 00:57:00,240 BEING FUNDED BY BRAIN. 1736 00:57:00,240 --> 00:57:01,680 SO I WOULD HAVE REGRETTED NOT 1737 00:57:01,680 --> 00:57:03,080 SAYING YES, I'M GLAD YOU 1738 00:57:03,080 --> 00:57:04,160 CONVINCED ME, AND REALLY PLEASED 1739 00:57:04,160 --> 00:57:05,200 TO HAVE YOU HERE TO TELL US 1740 00:57:05,200 --> 00:57:06,760 ABOUT WHAT'S GOING ON AT NSF 1741 00:57:06,760 --> 00:57:08,720 THESE DAYS. 1742 00:57:08,720 --> 00:57:10,880 >>WELL, THANK YOU VERY MUCH, 1743 00:57:10,880 --> 00:57:11,080 JOHN. 1744 00:57:11,080 --> 00:57:13,080 THANK YOU FOR THAT INTRODUCTION, 1745 00:57:13,080 --> 00:57:15,120 AND YES, IT WAS GREAT HAVING YOU 1746 00:57:15,120 --> 00:57:17,640 AS A MENTOR AT THAT IDEAS LAB. 1747 00:57:17,640 --> 00:57:20,840 AND IN FACT, THE WORK OF THAT 1748 00:57:20,840 --> 00:57:21,960 IDEAS LAB SET THE GROUNDWORK FOR 1749 00:57:21,960 --> 00:57:23,320 ONE OF THE INITIATIVES I'M GOING 1750 00:57:23,320 --> 00:57:25,200 TO TALK ABOUT SHORTLY. 1751 00:57:25,200 --> 00:57:27,560 SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH, AND FOR 1752 00:57:27,560 --> 00:57:28,760 THAT OPPORTUNITY TO ADDRESS THE 1753 00:57:28,760 --> 00:57:32,000 AUDIENCE. 1754 00:57:32,000 --> 00:57:33,680 AS MENTIONED I'M A PROGRAM 1755 00:57:33,680 --> 00:57:35,280 DIRECTOR AT THE NSF AND SPEND MY 1756 00:57:35,280 --> 00:57:38,080 TIME IN BOTH THE BIOLOGICAL 1757 00:57:38,080 --> 00:57:40,400 SCIENCES DIRECTORATE AS WELL AS 1758 00:57:40,400 --> 00:57:44,080 THE NEWG. 1759 00:57:44,080 --> 00:57:45,200 COULD I HAVE THE FIRST SLIDE, 1760 00:57:45,200 --> 00:57:48,240 PLEASE. 1761 00:57:48,240 --> 00:57:48,800 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 1762 00:57:48,800 --> 00:57:50,720 SO WHAT I WANT TO DO TODAY IS 1763 00:57:50,720 --> 00:57:52,560 TAKE TIME TALKING ABOUT SOME 1764 00:57:52,560 --> 00:57:56,600 PROGRAMS, BUT FIRST TO ORIENT 1765 00:57:56,600 --> 00:57:58,680 YOU, JUST TO REMEMBER THAT THE 1766 00:57:58,680 --> 00:58:00,120 NSF SUPPORTS RESEARCH IN ALL 1767 00:58:00,120 --> 00:58:02,120 STEM DISCIPLINES AND FOCUSES 1768 00:58:02,120 --> 00:58:03,640 PRIMARILY ON BASIC RESEARCH, SO 1769 00:58:03,640 --> 00:58:04,920 IT'S NOT JUST FOCUSED ON 1770 00:58:04,920 --> 00:58:05,800 BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH. 1771 00:58:05,800 --> 00:58:08,080 AND BY BASIC RESEARCH, WE ARE 1772 00:58:08,080 --> 00:58:09,160 REALLY LOOKING AT RESEARCH 1773 00:58:09,160 --> 00:58:10,720 DRIVEN BY CURIOSITY AND 1774 00:58:10,720 --> 00:58:13,080 DISCOVERY. 1775 00:58:13,080 --> 00:58:18,560 NSF ALSO SUPPORTS -- THE RECENT 1776 00:58:18,560 --> 00:58:19,480 FORMATION OF THE DIRECTORATE 1777 00:58:19,480 --> 00:58:23,560 THAT WE JUST MENTIONED, FOR 1778 00:58:23,560 --> 00:58:25,000 TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION AND 1779 00:58:25,000 --> 00:58:26,880 PARTNERSHIPS THAT WAS KREA ATED 1780 00:58:26,880 --> 00:58:27,160 LAST YEAR. 1781 00:58:27,160 --> 00:58:28,320 THE MISSION OF THE DIRECTORATE 1782 00:58:28,320 --> 00:58:30,160 IS TO BRIDGE CURIOSITY-DRIVEN 1783 00:58:30,160 --> 00:58:30,640 RESEARCH. 1784 00:58:30,640 --> 00:58:34,920 THIS IS CONDUCTED BY WHAT WE 1785 00:58:34,920 --> 00:58:40,680 CALL THE CORE DIRECTORATES -- 1786 00:58:40,680 --> 00:58:43,200 GROW INDUSTRY, CREATE NEW JOBS 1787 00:58:43,200 --> 00:58:44,480 AND CULTIVATE AN EQUITABLE STEM 1788 00:58:44,480 --> 00:58:46,160 WORKFORCE ACROSS THE NATION. 1789 00:58:46,160 --> 00:58:47,080 SO SOME OF THE PROGRAMS THAT 1790 00:58:47,080 --> 00:58:48,320 WE'LL TALK ABOUT THAT YOU CAN 1791 00:58:48,320 --> 00:58:51,240 SEE HERE ON THIS SLIDE ON THE 1792 00:58:51,240 --> 00:58:55,280 LEFT SIDE, COVER PROGRAMS FROM 1793 00:58:55,280 --> 00:58:58,000 THE DIRECT TEMPERATURE. 1794 00:58:58,000 --> 00:59:00,760 SO I WILL ALSO COVER SOME 1795 00:59:00,760 --> 00:59:02,400 PROGRAMS LAUNCHED BY NSF UNDER 1796 00:59:02,400 --> 00:59:05,680 THE BRAIN INITIATIVE, OR 1797 00:59:05,680 --> 00:59:06,720 OTHERWISE PERTINENT TO THE BRAIN 1798 00:59:06,720 --> 00:59:07,880 INITIATIVE. 1799 00:59:07,880 --> 00:59:10,440 SO THE FIRST PROGRAM THAT I WANT 1800 00:59:10,440 --> 00:59:14,760 TO MENTION IS THE BIODESIGN DEAR 1801 00:59:14,760 --> 00:59:16,080 COLLEAGUE LETTER. 1802 00:59:16,080 --> 00:59:16,840 BIOINSPIREED DESIGN IS THE 1803 00:59:16,840 --> 00:59:19,040 PROCESS BY WHICH INVESTIGATORS 1804 00:59:19,040 --> 00:59:19,680 TAKE INSPIRATION FROM THE 1805 00:59:19,680 --> 00:59:21,640 NATURAL WORLD TO DISCOVER 1806 00:59:21,640 --> 00:59:23,400 GENERAL PRINCIPLES ABOUT 1807 00:59:23,400 --> 00:59:24,360 BIOLOGICAL AND/OR ENGINEERING 1808 00:59:24,360 --> 00:59:25,800 SYSTEMS. 1809 00:59:25,800 --> 00:59:27,640 AND USE THEM TO INFORM AND 1810 00:59:27,640 --> 00:59:28,720 GENERATE NEW DESIGN DIRECTIONS 1811 00:59:28,720 --> 00:59:31,040 FOR ENGINEERED SYSTEMS OR 1812 00:59:31,040 --> 00:59:31,320 PRODUCTS. 1813 00:59:31,320 --> 00:59:33,280 SO TO FACILITATE THE TRANSLATION 1814 00:59:33,280 --> 00:59:35,160 OF KNOWLEDGE GENERATED THROUGH 1815 00:59:35,160 --> 00:59:36,560 THE BASIC RESEARCH AND 1816 00:59:36,560 --> 00:59:37,880 BIOLOGICAL AND ENGINEERING 1817 00:59:37,880 --> 00:59:39,120 SCIENCES TO SOLUTION OF 1818 00:59:39,120 --> 00:59:43,520 PROTOTYPES NEEDED FOR SOCIETAL 1819 00:59:43,520 --> 00:59:45,760 AND ECONOMIC IMPACT, NSF 1820 00:59:45,760 --> 00:59:48,280 SUPPORTS THROUGH THIS BIODESIGN 1821 00:59:48,280 --> 00:59:53,160 DEAR COLLEAGUE LETTER DIRECTIVE 1822 00:59:53,160 --> 00:59:53,760 TRANSDISCIPLINARY THEMES THAT 1823 00:59:53,760 --> 00:59:54,800 WORK TOGETHER TO ACHIEVE THREE 1824 00:59:54,800 --> 00:59:55,120 GOALS. 1825 00:59:55,120 --> 00:59:56,600 ONE IS TO TEST HYPOTHESES ABOUT 1826 00:59:56,600 --> 00:59:59,040 THE FUNCTIONING OF LIVING THINGS 1827 00:59:59,040 --> 01:00:01,800 OR SYSTEMS THAT ARE OF INTEREST 1828 01:00:01,800 --> 01:00:03,160 TO BIOLOGISTS AND ENGINEERS. 1829 01:00:03,160 --> 01:00:05,760 THE SECOND IS TO CREATE AN 1830 01:00:05,760 --> 01:00:07,120 ITERATIVE PROCESS THAT GENERATES 1831 01:00:07,120 --> 01:00:08,480 ONGOING FEEDBACK BETWEEN 1832 01:00:08,480 --> 01:00:11,000 WORKFLOW OF FOUNDATIONAL AND 1833 01:00:11,000 --> 01:00:12,880 NEEDS INSPIRING RESEARCH, TO 1834 01:00:12,880 --> 01:00:14,720 DESIGN, ADVISE OR MACHINE AN 1835 01:00:14,720 --> 01:00:16,360 ALGORITHM OR A WORKFLOW THAT 1836 01:00:16,360 --> 01:00:18,520 SOLVES A PRACTICAL PROBLEM, AND 1837 01:00:18,520 --> 01:00:19,920 FINALLY, TO DEVELOP PROTOTYPES 1838 01:00:19,920 --> 01:00:21,400 BASED ON THESE ACTIVITIES AS 1839 01:00:21,400 --> 01:00:23,720 PART OF A PROCESS OF EXPLORING 1840 01:00:23,720 --> 01:00:25,960 PATHWAYS TO LARGER SOCIETAL AND 1841 01:00:25,960 --> 01:00:29,920 NICK BENEFITS. 1842 01:00:29,920 --> 01:00:32,080 AND -- BENEFITS. 1843 01:00:32,080 --> 01:00:34,520 SO THAT'S THE BIODESIGN PROGRAM, 1844 01:00:34,520 --> 01:00:36,840 DIVISIONS WITHIN THE BIOLOGICAL 1845 01:00:36,840 --> 01:00:38,760 SCIENCES DIRECTORATE, THE 1846 01:00:38,760 --> 01:00:44,560 ENGINEERING DIRE DIRECTORATE. 1847 01:00:44,560 --> 01:00:47,600 ANOTHER NEW INITIATIVE IS THE 1848 01:00:47,600 --> 01:00:48,280 BIOFOUNDRIES. 1849 01:00:48,280 --> 01:00:51,760 SO BIOFOUNDRIES, ACTUALLY BOTH 1850 01:00:51,760 --> 01:00:54,040 THE ONE I JUST SPOKE ABOUT, THE 1851 01:00:54,040 --> 01:00:55,160 BIOFOUNDRIES, THEY GO ACROSS AS 1852 01:00:55,160 --> 01:00:58,560 YOU JUST NOTICED IN THE PREVIOUS 1853 01:00:58,560 --> 01:01:01,680 SLIDE, THEY HAVE MULTIPLE NSF 1854 01:01:01,680 --> 01:01:06,240 DIRECTORATES BUT ARE SPEARHEADED 1855 01:01:06,240 --> 01:01:07,920 BY -- SO BIOFOUNDRIES ARE 1856 01:01:07,920 --> 01:01:09,280 ENTITYS THAT AIM TO INTEGRATE 1857 01:01:09,280 --> 01:01:12,400 ADVANCES IN MODERN BIOLOGY, 1858 01:01:12,400 --> 01:01:14,680 CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, 1859 01:01:14,680 --> 01:01:18,600 BIOTECHNOLOGY AND 1860 01:01:18,600 --> 01:01:21,560 BIOENGINEERING. 1861 01:01:21,560 --> 01:01:22,800 NANOTECHNOLOGY, MICRO 1862 01:01:22,800 --> 01:01:23,880 BIOFABRICATION, INTEGRATED 1863 01:01:23,880 --> 01:01:26,880 TESTING AND DATA, NAI-ENABLED 1864 01:01:26,880 --> 01:01:28,840 ANALYSIS AND AUTOMATION OF THE 1865 01:01:28,840 --> 01:01:30,520 SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY PROCESS. 1866 01:01:30,520 --> 01:01:35,600 THE IDEA IS THAT A NETWORK OF 1867 01:01:35,600 --> 01:01:37,600 U.S. BIOFOUNDRIES COULD BRING 1868 01:01:37,600 --> 01:01:40,520 TOOLS OF MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY 1869 01:01:40,520 --> 01:01:42,960 ACROSS THE U.S. SO ALL HAVE 1870 01:01:42,960 --> 01:01:46,840 ACCESS TO THE DESIGN, BUILD, 1871 01:01:46,840 --> 01:01:48,400 TEST AND -- CYCLE THAT YOU CAN 1872 01:01:48,400 --> 01:01:49,080 SEE ON THE RIGHT-HAND SIDE OF 1873 01:01:49,080 --> 01:01:49,680 THE SLIDE. 1874 01:01:49,680 --> 01:01:51,560 THESE TOOLS WOULD ENABLE RAPID 1875 01:01:51,560 --> 01:01:53,600 PROTOTYPING OF BIOLOGICAL 1876 01:01:53,600 --> 01:01:55,800 DESIGN, A ACCELERATING BOTH 1877 01:01:55,800 --> 01:01:56,960 FOUNDATIONAL RESEARCH AND 1878 01:01:56,960 --> 01:01:59,320 TRANSLATION AND PROVIDING 1879 01:01:59,320 --> 01:02:03,800 TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES FROM 1880 01:02:03,800 --> 01:02:10,040 BIOTECH WORK -- BIOTECHNOLOGY. 1881 01:02:10,040 --> 01:02:14,280 PART OF HOW NSF ENVISIONS AND 1882 01:02:14,280 --> 01:02:15,600 EXPANDS GEOGRAPHY IN THE BIOTECH 1883 01:02:15,600 --> 01:02:17,240 SPACE AND YOU MAY NOTICE THERE'S 1884 01:02:17,240 --> 01:02:18,640 THIS THEME OF BIOTECHNOLOGY. 1885 01:02:18,640 --> 01:02:20,720 THIS IS REALLY IN RESPONSE TO 1886 01:02:20,720 --> 01:02:22,120 EXECUTIVE ORDERS ON ADVANCING 1887 01:02:22,120 --> 01:02:25,840 THE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND 1888 01:02:25,840 --> 01:02:26,840 BIOMANUFACTURING AND INNOVATION 1889 01:02:26,840 --> 01:02:28,960 FOR SUSTAINABLE, SAFE AND SECURE 1890 01:02:28,960 --> 01:02:29,640 AMERICAN BIOECONOMY AND THERE 1891 01:02:29,640 --> 01:02:32,240 HAVE BEEN OTHER REPORTS REALLY 1892 01:02:32,240 --> 01:02:38,040 CALLING FOR ADVANCES IN -- SO 1893 01:02:38,040 --> 01:02:38,800 BIOFOUNDRIES ARE ONE OF THOSE 1894 01:02:38,800 --> 01:02:41,560 PROGRAMS. 1895 01:02:41,560 --> 01:02:43,000 SO TO TELL YOU MORE, THE IDEA IS 1896 01:02:43,000 --> 01:02:44,680 THAT IT WILL PROVIDE 1897 01:02:44,680 --> 01:02:45,800 INTELLECTUAL, TECHNICAL, DIGITAL 1898 01:02:45,800 --> 01:02:48,400 AND PHYSICAL FRAME WORKS NEEDED 1899 01:02:48,400 --> 01:02:49,920 FOR TIGHT INTEGRATION OF 1900 01:02:49,920 --> 01:02:50,880 TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION AND 1901 01:02:50,880 --> 01:02:53,320 APPLICATION WITH FOUNDATIONAL 1902 01:02:53,320 --> 01:02:54,600 INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND 1903 01:02:54,600 --> 01:02:55,440 TRAINING. 1904 01:02:55,440 --> 01:02:58,160 AND SO IT COMBINES SERVING AS 1905 01:02:58,160 --> 01:02:59,800 ACCESS POINTS FOR NEW BIOLOGICAL 1906 01:02:59,800 --> 01:03:02,120 TECH THOLGS, WORKFLOWS, 1907 01:03:02,120 --> 01:03:04,120 PROCESSING, AUTOMATION AND 1908 01:03:04,120 --> 01:03:05,760 KNOWLEDGE BASIS TO ENABLE 1909 01:03:05,760 --> 01:03:06,760 TRANSFORMATIVE DISCOVERIES, 1910 01:03:06,760 --> 01:03:09,120 CATALYZING NEW INNOVATION AND 1911 01:03:09,120 --> 01:03:10,320 TRANSFORMATIVE DISCOVERIES, AND 1912 01:03:10,320 --> 01:03:12,320 BY SUPPORTING IN-HOUSE AND 1913 01:03:12,320 --> 01:03:14,720 EXTERNAL USER-INITIATED RESEARCH 1914 01:03:14,720 --> 01:03:15,840 PROGRAM, CONTINUING TO DEVELOP 1915 01:03:15,840 --> 01:03:18,720 NEW TECHNOLOGIES, WORKFLOWS, 1916 01:03:18,720 --> 01:03:23,120 PROCESSES, AUTOMATION AND 1917 01:03:23,120 --> 01:03:24,200 KNOWLEDGE BASIS, INCREASING THE 1918 01:03:24,200 --> 01:03:26,680 REPRODUCIBILITY OF LIFE 1919 01:03:26,680 --> 01:03:29,440 SCIENCES, DISCOVERY, DATA, AND 1920 01:03:29,440 --> 01:03:30,960 NEW TRAINING FOR NEXT GENERATION 1921 01:03:30,960 --> 01:03:33,360 OF THE SCIENTIFIC WORKFORCE AND 1922 01:03:33,360 --> 01:03:36,040 FACILITATING PATHWAYS TO 1923 01:03:36,040 --> 01:03:36,320 TRANSLATION. 1924 01:03:36,320 --> 01:03:39,880 AND SO WE THINK THAT THIS 1925 01:03:39,880 --> 01:03:41,520 ACTIVITY WILL ALSO BE LEVERAGED 1926 01:03:41,520 --> 01:03:44,360 BY BRAIN RESEARCHERS AND HAVE AN 1927 01:03:44,360 --> 01:03:45,840 IMPACT ON NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH 1928 01:03:45,840 --> 01:03:51,800 AND EDUCATION. 1929 01:03:51,800 --> 01:03:52,960 SO NOW I'M GOING TO TALK ABOUT 1930 01:03:52,960 --> 01:03:55,040 TWO PROGRAMS THAT COME OUT OF 1931 01:03:55,040 --> 01:03:56,560 THIS NEW DIRECTORATE. 1932 01:03:56,560 --> 01:03:59,640 THE FIRST ONE IS THE NSF 1933 01:03:59,640 --> 01:04:01,360 REGIONAL INNOVATION ENGINES 1934 01:04:01,360 --> 01:04:02,120 PROGRAM. 1935 01:04:02,120 --> 01:04:03,320 THE GOAL OF THAT PROGRAM IS TO 1936 01:04:03,320 --> 01:04:05,920 BOOST INNOVATION CAPACITY, 1937 01:04:05,920 --> 01:04:07,240 PARTICULARLY IN REGIONS THAT 1938 01:04:07,240 --> 01:04:09,200 HAVE NOT REALLY PARTICIPATED IN 1939 01:04:09,200 --> 01:04:12,040 THE TECHNOLOGY BOOM IN THE PAST 1940 01:04:12,040 --> 01:04:14,440 FEW DECADES, TO INCREASE THE 1941 01:04:14,440 --> 01:04:16,080 LEVEL OF COMMERCIAL INVESTMENT 1942 01:04:16,080 --> 01:04:17,040 RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 1943 01:04:17,040 --> 01:04:18,560 ACROSS THESE DIFFERENT DISTINCT 1944 01:04:18,560 --> 01:04:21,680 GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS. 1945 01:04:21,680 --> 01:04:23,280 A CULTURE OF INNOVATION AND 1946 01:04:23,280 --> 01:04:25,840 INCLUSION WITHIN PARTICIPATING 1947 01:04:25,840 --> 01:04:27,400 ORGANIZATIONS, AND THOSE 1948 01:04:27,400 --> 01:04:30,080 PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS 1949 01:04:30,080 --> 01:04:31,520 INVOLVE COALITIONS OF DIVERSE 1950 01:04:31,520 --> 01:04:32,800 SECTORS AND ORGANIZATIONAL TYPES 1951 01:04:32,800 --> 01:04:34,560 SUCH AS SMALL BUSINESSES, 1952 01:04:34,560 --> 01:04:36,680 TWO-YEAR COLLEGES AND 1953 01:04:36,680 --> 01:04:37,280 MINORITY-SERVING INSTITUTIONS 1954 01:04:37,280 --> 01:04:39,480 ALONG WITH LARGE INSTITUTIONS. 1955 01:04:39,480 --> 01:04:41,120 THE IDEA IS TO CREATE 1956 01:04:41,120 --> 01:04:42,720 SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION 1957 01:04:42,720 --> 01:04:45,040 ECOSYSTEMS AND TRANSITION 1958 01:04:45,040 --> 01:04:47,160 TECHNOLOGIES -- TECHNOLOGICAL 1959 01:04:47,160 --> 01:04:47,920 EDUCATION INNOVATIONS TO ADDRESS 1960 01:04:47,920 --> 01:04:49,000 NATIONAL AND SOCIETAL 1961 01:04:49,000 --> 01:04:50,520 CHALLENGES. 1962 01:04:50,520 --> 01:04:53,000 AND SO THE NSF ENGINES PROGRAM, 1963 01:04:53,000 --> 01:04:55,360 WHICH JUST FUNDED ITS FIRST SET 1964 01:04:55,360 --> 01:04:58,120 OF DEVELOPMENT OR TYPE 1 AWARDS, 1965 01:04:58,120 --> 01:04:59,440 THERE ARE 44 OF THOSE AWARDS 1966 01:04:59,440 --> 01:05:01,640 THAT WERE MADE AND YOU CAN FIND 1967 01:05:01,640 --> 01:05:02,760 THEIR DISTRIBUTION ON THIS MAP 1968 01:05:02,760 --> 01:05:03,360 SHOWN HERE. 1969 01:05:03,360 --> 01:05:05,320 THEY ARE THE CIRCLES WITH THE 1970 01:05:05,320 --> 01:05:11,080 LITTLE GEAR INSIDE, SO -- 1971 01:05:11,080 --> 01:05:13,200 CIRCLES, THESE SPAN A BROAD 1972 01:05:13,200 --> 01:05:16,520 RANGE OF STATE AS YOU CAN SEE 1973 01:05:16,520 --> 01:05:17,360 AND REGIONS. 1974 01:05:17,360 --> 01:05:21,600 THE IDEA IS TO ALLOW THE 1975 01:05:21,600 --> 01:05:22,960 ENTITIES THAT WE SEE IN THESE 1976 01:05:22,960 --> 01:05:25,320 DEVELOPMENT AWARDS TO ORGANIZE 1977 01:05:25,320 --> 01:05:27,040 AND CREATE CONNECTIONS AND 1978 01:05:27,040 --> 01:05:30,160 DEVELOP THEIR LOCAL ECOSYSTEM 1979 01:05:30,160 --> 01:05:31,280 WHERE THEY HAVE TWO YEARS TO 1980 01:05:31,280 --> 01:05:32,880 PREPARE A STRONG PROPOSAL FOR 1981 01:05:32,880 --> 01:05:34,600 BECOMING A FUTURE NSF ENGINE, 1982 01:05:34,600 --> 01:05:36,600 LIKE A FULL BLOWN REGIONAL 1983 01:05:36,600 --> 01:05:38,880 INNOVATION ENGINE. 1984 01:05:38,880 --> 01:05:41,480 SO FOR THESE FULL-BLOWN REGIONAL 1985 01:05:41,480 --> 01:05:42,760 INNOVATION ENGINES, THEY CAN 1986 01:05:42,760 --> 01:05:45,520 COMPETE FOR $160 MILLION EACH, 1987 01:05:45,520 --> 01:05:48,480 AND THE FIRST AWARD -- SO WE 1988 01:05:48,480 --> 01:05:51,680 MADE 44 AWARDS FOR THIS 1989 01:05:51,680 --> 01:05:53,080 DEVELOPMENT OF TYPE 1 TYPES OF 1990 01:05:53,080 --> 01:05:54,600 AWARDS AND ALSO HAVE FINALISTS 1991 01:05:54,600 --> 01:05:56,360 AND NARROWED IT DOWN TO 16 1992 01:05:56,360 --> 01:05:59,360 FINALISTS FOR THOSE LARGE 1993 01:05:59,360 --> 01:06:01,400 $160 MILLION AWARDS IN THE 1994 01:06:01,400 --> 01:06:02,880 REGIONAL INNOVATION ENGINES AND 1995 01:06:02,880 --> 01:06:06,720 THEY'RE SHOWN HERE WITH THE 1996 01:06:06,720 --> 01:06:11,080 UNIFORM CYAN-COLORED DARK 1997 01:06:11,080 --> 01:06:11,960 TURQUOISE-COLORED DOTS. 1998 01:06:11,960 --> 01:06:12,960 OF PARTICULAR INTEREST PERHAPS 1999 01:06:12,960 --> 01:06:14,320 FOR THIS AUDIENCE IS THAT ONE OF 2000 01:06:14,320 --> 01:06:17,240 THOSE REGIONAL INNOVATION ENGINE 2001 01:06:17,240 --> 01:06:18,600 FINALISTS, THAT'S NOT THE FINAL 2002 01:06:18,600 --> 01:06:19,440 AWARD, THEY'RE STILL COMPETING 2003 01:06:19,440 --> 01:06:20,960 AND WE ULTIMATELY WILL MAKE 2004 01:06:20,960 --> 01:06:23,440 ABOUT FIVE AWARDS, BUT ONE OF 2005 01:06:23,440 --> 01:06:26,000 THEM IS LAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY 2006 01:06:26,000 --> 01:06:27,040 SCHOOL OF MEDICINE THAT IS 2007 01:06:27,040 --> 01:06:29,920 FOCUSING ON CENTRAL -- IT'S THE 2008 01:06:29,920 --> 01:06:32,760 CENTRAL CAROLINA -- FOR 2009 01:06:32,760 --> 01:06:34,600 INNOVATION IN -- OF MEDICINE 2010 01:06:34,600 --> 01:06:36,120 CLINICAL MANUFACTURING. 2011 01:06:36,120 --> 01:06:38,120 SO THAT'S ONE OF THE DOTS IN 2012 01:06:38,120 --> 01:06:39,000 NORTH CAROLINA YOU CAN SEE HERE 2013 01:06:39,000 --> 01:06:43,520 ON THE MAP. 2014 01:06:43,520 --> 01:06:47,240 SO THE NEXT PROGRAM FROM THE TIP 2015 01:06:47,240 --> 01:06:50,120 DIRECTORATE IS THE CONVERGENCE 2016 01:06:50,120 --> 01:06:50,440 ACCELERATOR. 2017 01:06:50,440 --> 01:06:51,520 I'M ACTUALLY DOING A DETAIL IN 2018 01:06:51,520 --> 01:06:52,440 THAT PROGRAM RIGHT NOW. 2019 01:06:52,440 --> 01:06:54,600 SO THE IDEA OF THAT PROGRAM IS 2020 01:06:54,600 --> 01:06:56,480 BASED ON THAT RECOGNITION THAT 2021 01:06:56,480 --> 01:06:58,200 NATIONAL STEM SOCIETAL 2022 01:06:58,200 --> 01:07:00,000 CHALLENGES CANNOT BE SOLVED BY A 2023 01:07:00,000 --> 01:07:01,480 SINGLE DISCIPLINE BUT INSTEAD 2024 01:07:01,480 --> 01:07:03,760 REQUIRE THE MERGING OR 2025 01:07:03,760 --> 01:07:05,760 CONVERGENCE OF INNOVATIVE IDEAS, 2026 01:07:05,760 --> 01:07:08,040 APPROACHES AND TECHNOLOGIES FROM 2027 01:07:08,040 --> 01:07:10,160 A WIDE RANGE OF SECTORS, AS WELL 2028 01:07:10,160 --> 01:07:10,880 AS DISCIPLINES. 2029 01:07:10,880 --> 01:07:14,920 AND BY SECTORS, WE MEAN NOT JUST 2030 01:07:14,920 --> 01:07:17,080 ACADEMIA BUT GOVERNMENT, 2031 01:07:17,080 --> 01:07:20,160 NON-PROFIT, OTHER ORGANIZATIONS, 2032 01:07:20,160 --> 01:07:22,360 COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS. 2033 01:07:22,360 --> 01:07:24,080 SO THE PROGRAM IS FOCUSED ON 2034 01:07:24,080 --> 01:07:30,280 CONVERSION RESEARCH APPROACHES 2035 01:07:30,280 --> 01:07:31,920 THAT ARE -- FED BY BASIC 2036 01:07:31,920 --> 01:07:33,360 RESEARCH, SO THE BASIC RESEARCH 2037 01:07:33,360 --> 01:07:34,880 THAT IS FUNDED BY THE OTHER 2038 01:07:34,880 --> 01:07:38,960 DIRECTORATES IS THE INPUT. 2039 01:07:38,960 --> 01:07:41,960 INTEGRATES TEAM FOR ACADEMIA AND 2040 01:07:41,960 --> 01:07:42,720 OTHER COMMUNITIES AS I JUST 2041 01:07:42,720 --> 01:07:45,600 MENTIONED AND IT OFFERS AND 2042 01:07:45,600 --> 01:07:47,800 INVOLVES AN INTENSIVE HANDS-ON 2043 01:07:47,800 --> 01:07:48,880 EDUCATION AND MENTORSHIP FROM 2044 01:07:48,880 --> 01:07:49,400 THE PARTICIPANTS. 2045 01:07:49,400 --> 01:07:50,480 SO IT HAS TWO PHASES. 2046 01:07:50,480 --> 01:07:53,800 AS YOU CAN SEE ON THE SLIDE, ON 2047 01:07:53,800 --> 01:07:55,480 THE LEFT-HAND SIDE IN THE FIRST 2048 01:07:55,480 --> 01:07:57,680 PHASE, IT'S FOCUSED ON TEAM 2049 01:07:57,680 --> 01:07:59,560 CONVERGENCE AND PROOF OF CONCEPT 2050 01:07:59,560 --> 01:08:00,680 DEVELOPMENT, AND THEN THE SECOND 2051 01:08:00,680 --> 01:08:04,560 PHASE IS PROTOTYPING AND 2052 01:08:04,560 --> 01:08:06,400 SUSTAINABILITY PLANNING. 2053 01:08:06,400 --> 01:08:07,720 AND THEY'RE NOW THROUGH -- FROM 2054 01:08:07,720 --> 01:08:09,400 A THROUGH M AND I'M JUST SHOWING 2055 01:08:09,400 --> 01:08:12,760 HERE FOUR OF THOSE PROGRAMS OR 2056 01:08:12,760 --> 01:08:14,920 TRACKS THAT ARE PROBABLY OF MOST 2057 01:08:14,920 --> 01:08:15,480 INTEREST. 2058 01:08:15,480 --> 01:08:16,560 THE TWO MOST RECENT ONES ARE 2059 01:08:16,560 --> 01:08:18,240 SHOWN ON THE BOTTOM RIGHT. 2060 01:08:18,240 --> 01:08:22,480 ONE IS TRACK L, SO JOHN, THAT IS 2061 01:08:22,480 --> 01:08:23,640 INSPIRED AMONG OTHERS BY THE 2062 01:08:23,640 --> 01:08:26,840 IDEAS LAB, SO THAT TRACK IS REAL 2063 01:08:26,840 --> 01:08:28,120 WORLD CHEMICAL SENSING 2064 01:08:28,120 --> 01:08:28,720 APPLICATIONS. 2065 01:08:28,720 --> 01:08:32,520 IT BUILDS ON FOUNDATIONAL 2066 01:08:32,520 --> 01:08:36,400 KNOWLEDGE AND -- OLFACTION IN 2067 01:08:36,400 --> 01:08:37,520 CHEMICAL -- ARTIFICIAL 2068 01:08:37,520 --> 01:08:39,280 INTELLIGENCE, MET MORPHIC 2069 01:08:39,280 --> 01:08:41,760 SYSTEMS, COMPUTATIONAL MODELING 2070 01:08:41,760 --> 01:08:43,480 BY MANUFACTURING ROBOTICS, 2071 01:08:43,480 --> 01:08:44,880 ADVANCED CHALLENGES RELATED TO 2072 01:08:44,880 --> 01:08:47,040 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2073 01:08:47,040 --> 01:08:48,440 MONITORING, DISEASE DIAGNOSTICS, 2074 01:08:48,440 --> 01:08:52,400 FOOD SAFETY, AGRICULTURE, 2075 01:08:52,400 --> 01:08:55,600 SECURITY -- AM OT AMONG OTHER T. 2076 01:08:55,600 --> 01:08:57,440 WE ALSO HAVE A COLLABORATION 2077 01:08:57,440 --> 01:08:59,000 WITH TWO SWEDISH FUNDING AGENCY 2078 01:08:59,000 --> 01:09:00,840 FORCE THIS TRACK. 2079 01:09:00,840 --> 01:09:03,880 AND TRACK M, BIOINSPIRED DESIGN 2080 01:09:03,880 --> 01:09:04,960 INNOVATIONS CAPITALIZE ON 2081 01:09:04,960 --> 01:09:08,280 FOUNDATIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF 2082 01:09:08,280 --> 01:09:11,120 NATURE, APPROACHES AND 2083 01:09:11,120 --> 01:09:12,760 TECHNOLOGIES, SIMILAR TO WHAT WE 2084 01:09:12,760 --> 01:09:15,560 SEE IN NATURE TO ADDRESS COMPLEX 2085 01:09:15,560 --> 01:09:17,160 SOCIETAL CHALLENGES INCLUDING 2086 01:09:17,160 --> 01:09:18,560 CLIMATE CHANGE, INFRASTRUCTURE 2087 01:09:18,560 --> 01:09:20,440 MONITORING AND RESILIENCE FOOD 2088 01:09:20,440 --> 01:09:26,800 PRODUCTION AND HUMAN HEALTH. 2089 01:09:26,800 --> 01:09:27,640 SO I'M SWITCHING GEARS A LITTLE 2090 01:09:27,640 --> 01:09:28,000 BIT. 2091 01:09:28,000 --> 01:09:29,840 THOSE WERE NEW PROGRAMS. 2092 01:09:29,840 --> 01:09:30,880 AND I'M HAPPY TO ANSWER 2093 01:09:30,880 --> 01:09:32,240 QUESTIONS ABOUT THEM LATER. 2094 01:09:32,240 --> 01:09:34,520 SO I WANT TO TURN ATTENTION TO 2095 01:09:34,520 --> 01:09:36,400 SOME PROGRAMS THAT ARE EITHER 2096 01:09:36,400 --> 01:09:37,880 PART OF OR WERE LAUNCHED UNDER 2097 01:09:37,880 --> 01:09:39,520 THE BRAIN INITIATIVE. 2098 01:09:39,520 --> 01:09:41,560 ONE THAT IS FAMILIAR HOPEFULLY 2099 01:09:41,560 --> 01:09:44,720 TO MANY IN THE ROOM IS THE 2100 01:09:44,720 --> 01:09:51,440 LABTIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM, 2101 01:09:51,440 --> 01:09:52,920 PROVIDES A RICH SET OF TECHNICAL 2102 01:09:52,920 --> 01:09:54,480 APPROACHES FOR UNDERSTANDING 2103 01:09:54,480 --> 01:09:56,240 COMPLEX NEUROBIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2104 01:09:56,240 --> 01:09:58,040 WHILE BUILDING ON THE THEORY, 2105 01:09:58,040 --> 01:10:00,600 METHODS AND FINDINGS OF COMPUTER 2106 01:10:00,600 --> 01:10:02,080 SCIENCE, NEUROSCIENCE AND OTHER 2107 01:10:02,080 --> 01:10:04,400 RELATED DISCIPLINES. 2108 01:10:04,400 --> 01:10:08,120 THE CRCNS PROGRAM IS A 2109 01:10:08,120 --> 01:10:10,200 MULTIAGENCY PROGRAM WHICH 2110 01:10:10,200 --> 01:10:11,520 INCLUDES THREE U.S. AGENCIES 2111 01:10:11,520 --> 01:10:12,680 THAT ARE LISTED HERE ON THIS 2112 01:10:12,680 --> 01:10:13,080 SLIDE. 2113 01:10:13,080 --> 01:10:14,800 SO IT'S A WONDERFUL PROGRAM FOR 2114 01:10:14,800 --> 01:10:18,920 PARTNERSHIP WITH THE NIH. 2115 01:10:18,920 --> 01:10:20,800 AND IT ALSO INCLUDES THE 2116 01:10:20,800 --> 01:10:22,040 DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, AS WELL AS 2117 01:10:22,040 --> 01:10:23,760 NSF, AND THEN THERE ARE SIX 2118 01:10:23,760 --> 01:10:25,480 FOREIGN FUNDING AGENCIES. 2119 01:10:25,480 --> 01:10:27,560 IT REALLY IS -- IT AN 2120 01:10:27,560 --> 01:10:29,520 INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM THAT 2121 01:10:29,520 --> 01:10:30,600 SUPPORTS COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH 2122 01:10:30,600 --> 01:10:33,360 AND DATA SHARING IN ADVANCING 2123 01:10:33,360 --> 01:10:35,440 OUR UNDERSTANDING OF NERVOUS 2124 01:10:35,440 --> 01:10:40,560 SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, 2125 01:10:40,560 --> 01:10:41,680 DISTEM DISORDERS AND 2126 01:10:41,680 --> 01:10:43,480 COMPUTATIONAL STRATEGIES USED BY 2127 01:10:43,480 --> 01:10:44,680 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 2128 01:10:44,680 --> 01:10:48,440 IT TRULY FOSTERS SCIENCE AROUND 2129 01:10:48,440 --> 01:10:49,560 THE GLOBE THAT WAS VERY MUCH 2130 01:10:49,560 --> 01:10:53,920 NOTICEABLE IN THE RECENT CRCNS 2131 01:10:53,920 --> 01:10:54,960 MEETING WHICH TOOK PLACE IN 2132 01:10:54,960 --> 01:10:56,120 TEL AVIV WHICH WAS VERY 2133 01:10:56,120 --> 01:11:00,720 INSPIRING AND VERY EXCITING. 2134 01:11:00,720 --> 01:11:02,680 ANOTHER PROGRAM FROM THE NSF IS 2135 01:11:02,680 --> 01:11:04,120 INTEGRATIVE STRATEGIES FOR 2136 01:11:04,120 --> 01:11:05,000 UNDERSTANDING NEURAL AND 2137 01:11:05,000 --> 01:11:07,320 COGNITIVE SYSTEMS, SO THE NCS 2138 01:11:07,320 --> 01:11:08,840 PROGRAM WHICH SUPPORTS PROJECTS 2139 01:11:08,840 --> 01:11:10,560 THAT PROVIDE NEW EMPIRICAL 2140 01:11:10,560 --> 01:11:12,840 SCIENCE TO EXPAND THEORETICAL 2141 01:11:12,840 --> 01:11:13,440 UNDERSTANDING TO FACILITATE 2142 01:11:13,440 --> 01:11:15,880 DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTATIONAL AND 2143 01:11:15,880 --> 01:11:19,880 BIOENGINEERED SYSTEMS, PROMOTE 2144 01:11:19,880 --> 01:11:21,520 PROMOTE -- PROJECTS THAT OWE ROW 2145 01:11:21,520 --> 01:11:22,960 MOTOR NEW EDUCATIONAL APPROACHES 2146 01:11:22,960 --> 01:11:25,240 AND GENERATE NEW HIGH POTASSIUM 2147 01:11:25,240 --> 01:11:27,480 THESE THAT CONNECT PHYSICAL, 2148 01:11:27,480 --> 01:11:28,240 BIOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE 2149 01:11:28,240 --> 01:11:28,880 MECHANISMS. 2150 01:11:28,880 --> 01:11:30,160 WHAT YOU CAN SEE HERE ON THE 2151 01:11:30,160 --> 01:11:31,840 SLIDE ARE THE EMPHASIS AREAS FOR 2152 01:11:31,840 --> 01:11:32,640 THAT PROGRAM. 2153 01:11:32,640 --> 01:11:33,880 MOST PROJECTS THAT HAVE BEEN 2154 01:11:33,880 --> 01:11:36,560 FUNDED SO FAR THROUGH THIS 2155 01:11:36,560 --> 01:11:38,600 PROGRAM SPEAK TO AT LEAST TWO OF 2156 01:11:38,600 --> 01:11:43,720 THE FOCUS AREAS, WITH 2157 01:11:43,720 --> 01:11:44,680 INDIVIDUALITY AND VARIATION, AS 2158 01:11:44,680 --> 01:11:46,360 WELL AS COGNITIVE AND NEURAL 2159 01:11:46,360 --> 01:11:47,720 PROCESSES IN COMPLEX 2160 01:11:47,720 --> 01:11:50,080 ENVIRONMENTS BEING THE MOST 2161 01:11:50,080 --> 01:11:51,800 COMMON FUNDED AREAS THAT THE 2162 01:11:51,800 --> 01:11:52,680 PROJECTS FOCUS ON BUT THEY'RE 2163 01:11:52,680 --> 01:11:53,440 NOT THE ONLY ONES. 2164 01:11:53,440 --> 01:11:57,600 THE PROGRAM HAS TWO TYPES OF 2165 01:11:57,600 --> 01:11:58,040 AWARDS. 2166 01:11:58,040 --> 01:11:58,920 THEY ARE FOUNDATIONAL AWARDS 2167 01:11:58,920 --> 01:12:00,640 THAT ARE SOMEWHAT SMALLER, VERY 2168 01:12:00,640 --> 01:12:02,960 MUCH FOCUSED ON HIGH RISK AND 2169 01:12:02,960 --> 01:12:04,360 POTENTIALLY HIGH PAYOFF, AND THE 2170 01:12:04,360 --> 01:12:06,800 FRONTIERS AWARDS ARE LARGER 2171 01:12:06,800 --> 01:12:10,640 AWARDS THAT INVOLVE MULTIPLE 2172 01:12:10,640 --> 01:12:11,760 COLLABORATORS FROM -- OFTEN FROM 2173 01:12:11,760 --> 01:12:12,640 DIFFERENT ORGANIZATIONS, 2174 01:12:12,640 --> 01:12:14,240 ACTUALLY ALL OF THE PROJECTS 2175 01:12:14,240 --> 01:12:15,360 INVOLVE MULTIPLE COLLABORATORS 2176 01:12:15,360 --> 01:12:17,080 FROM DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES, AND 2177 01:12:17,080 --> 01:12:19,960 YOU CAN SEE HERE THAT THIS IS A 2178 01:12:19,960 --> 01:12:24,240 CROSS NSF ACTIVITY INVOLVING 2179 01:12:24,240 --> 01:12:27,080 RESEARCHERS THAT ARE NORMALLY 2180 01:12:27,080 --> 01:12:31,280 SUPPORTED BY THE BIOLOGICAL 2181 01:12:31,280 --> 01:12:32,320 SCIENCES, COMPUTER SCIENCES, AS 2182 01:12:32,320 --> 01:12:33,400 WELL AS SOCIAL BEHAVIORAL AND 2183 01:12:33,400 --> 01:12:38,160 ECONOMIC SCIENCES. 2184 01:12:38,160 --> 01:12:39,320 SO ANOTHER PROGRAM THAT WAS 2185 01:12:39,320 --> 01:12:40,960 LAUNCHED UNDER THE BRAIN 2186 01:12:40,960 --> 01:12:42,360 INITIATIVE BY THE NSF IS THE 2187 01:12:42,360 --> 01:12:43,680 NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS FOR 2188 01:12:43,680 --> 01:12:45,480 NEUROSCIENCE, THE NEURONEX 2189 01:12:45,480 --> 01:12:45,800 PROGRAM. 2190 01:12:45,800 --> 01:12:48,160 IT WAS MOTIVATED OR IS MOTIVATED 2191 01:12:48,160 --> 01:12:49,440 BY THE GOAL OF SUPPORTING THE 2192 01:12:49,440 --> 01:12:50,960 DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE 2193 01:12:50,960 --> 01:12:52,480 ACCESSIBLE AND SHARED 2194 01:12:52,480 --> 01:12:53,680 CAPABILITIES AND RESOURCES 2195 01:12:53,680 --> 01:12:56,840 TOWARDS THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A 2196 01:12:56,840 --> 01:12:57,920 COHERENT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR 2197 01:12:57,920 --> 01:12:59,880 NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH THE 2198 01:12:59,880 --> 01:13:01,720 VISION IS A CONNECTED PORTFOLIO 2199 01:13:01,720 --> 01:13:03,600 OF TRANSFORMATIVE, INTEGRATIVE 2200 01:13:03,600 --> 01:13:05,680 PROJECTS THAT CREATES 2201 01:13:05,680 --> 01:13:07,440 SYNERGISTIC LINKS ACROSS 2202 01:13:07,440 --> 01:13:09,120 INVESTIGATORS AND COMMUNITIES, 2203 01:13:09,120 --> 01:13:11,840 YIELDING NOVEL BASE OF TACKLING 2204 01:13:11,840 --> 01:13:13,120 THE CHALLENGES OF UNDERSTANDING 2205 01:13:13,120 --> 01:13:14,640 THE BRAIN IN AN ACTION CONTEXT. 2206 01:13:14,640 --> 01:13:15,960 THIS WAS A PHASED PROGRAM WHERE 2207 01:13:15,960 --> 01:13:19,560 THE PHASES WERE REALLY 2208 01:13:19,560 --> 01:13:22,240 CONCEPTUAL PHASES AND 2209 01:13:22,240 --> 01:13:25,840 PARTICIPATION PHASE TSH IS NOW A 2210 01:13:25,840 --> 01:13:26,720 REQUIREMENT IN PHASE 2. 2211 01:13:26,720 --> 01:13:28,320 THE GOAL OF THE FIRST PHASE IS 2212 01:13:28,320 --> 01:13:30,520 OR WAS TO SUPPORT THE 2213 01:13:30,520 --> 01:13:31,760 DEVELOPMENT AND DISSEMINATION OF 2214 01:13:31,760 --> 01:13:35,120 INNOVATIVE RESEARCH RESOURCES 2215 01:13:35,120 --> 01:13:35,480 INSTRUMENTATION 2216 01:13:35,480 --> 01:13:36,080 NEUROTECHNOLOGIES, AND 2217 01:13:36,080 --> 01:13:37,360 THEORETICAL FRAME WORKS FOR 2218 01:13:37,360 --> 01:13:39,520 UNDERSTANDING BRAIN FUNCTION 2219 01:13:39,520 --> 01:13:40,520 ACROSS ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL 2220 01:13:40,520 --> 01:13:44,080 SCALES OF ANALYSIS. 2221 01:13:44,080 --> 01:13:46,280 AND/OR A WIDER RANGE OF SPECIES 2222 01:13:46,280 --> 01:13:47,840 INCLUDING HUMANS. 2223 01:13:47,840 --> 01:13:50,880 IT'S SUPPORTED MULTI-LAB TEAMS 2224 01:13:50,880 --> 01:13:54,640 SIMILAR TO THE SIZE U19 TEAMS, 2225 01:13:54,640 --> 01:13:56,160 AS WELL AS SMALLER PROJECTS. 2226 01:13:56,160 --> 01:13:58,440 REALLY THE EMPHASIS OF THAT 2227 01:13:58,440 --> 01:14:00,120 PHASE 1 WAS ON RESEARCH RESOURCE 2228 01:14:00,120 --> 01:14:01,400 DEVELOPMENT AND DISSEMINATION, 2229 01:14:01,400 --> 01:14:02,680 AND THEN PHASE TWO, THE 2230 01:14:02,680 --> 01:14:04,400 OBJECTIVE OF PHASE TWO IS THE 2231 01:14:04,400 --> 01:14:05,880 ESTABLISHMENT OF DISTRIBUTED 2232 01:14:05,880 --> 01:14:07,400 INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH NETWORKS 2233 01:14:07,400 --> 01:14:09,520 THAT BUILD ON EXISTING 2234 01:14:09,520 --> 01:14:11,760 INVESTMENTS IN NEUROTECHNOLOGIES 2235 01:14:11,760 --> 01:14:14,920 TO ADDRESS OVERARCHING QUESTIONS 2236 01:14:14,920 --> 01:14:15,760 AND NEUROSCIENCE QUESTIONS THAT 2237 01:14:15,760 --> 01:14:17,040 ARE SO LARGE, THEY REALLY CAN'T 2238 01:14:17,040 --> 01:14:20,960 BE ADDRESSED BY SMALL GROUPS 2239 01:14:20,960 --> 01:14:22,560 ONLY, BUT REQUIRE COLLABORATION 2240 01:14:22,560 --> 01:14:25,480 ACROSS DISCIPLINES, AND THE 2241 01:14:25,480 --> 01:14:28,640 PHASE TWO LEVERAGE THE 2242 01:14:28,640 --> 01:14:29,840 PARTICIPATION OF FOUR FOREIGN 2243 01:14:29,840 --> 01:14:31,160 FUNDING AGENCIES, SO ALL 2244 01:14:31,160 --> 01:14:33,440 PROJECTS IN PHASE 2 ARE 2245 01:14:33,440 --> 01:14:34,440 INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS THAT 2246 01:14:34,440 --> 01:14:37,360 INVOLVE TEAMS AS LARGE AS 26 2247 01:14:37,360 --> 01:14:39,320 INVESTIGATORS, SO WE CAN LEARN 2248 01:14:39,320 --> 01:14:42,440 SOMETHING BY INTERNATIONAL TEAM 2249 01:14:42,440 --> 01:14:50,600 SCIENCE ON THESE PROJECTS. 2250 01:14:50,600 --> 01:14:51,920 ANOTHER ACTIVITY THAT MAY BE OF 2251 01:14:51,920 --> 01:14:53,960 INTEREST TO THIS AUDIENCE ARE 2252 01:14:53,960 --> 01:14:55,720 THE NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL 2253 01:14:55,720 --> 01:14:58,000 INTELLIGENCE INSTITUTES. 2254 01:14:58,000 --> 01:15:00,200 SO WE ALL ARE WITNESSING THAT AI 2255 01:15:00,200 --> 01:15:01,640 HAS ADVANCED TREMENDOUSLY, AND 2256 01:15:01,640 --> 01:15:05,560 TODAY PROMISES PERSONALIZED 2257 01:15:05,560 --> 01:15:07,360 HEALTHCARE, ADVANCED SECURITY, 2258 01:15:07,360 --> 01:15:08,000 IMPROVED TRANSPORTATION, 2259 01:15:08,000 --> 01:15:12,000 EFFECTIVE EDUCATION, LOTS OF 2260 01:15:12,000 --> 01:15:12,480 BENEFITS. 2261 01:15:12,480 --> 01:15:13,400 THERE'S GOOD REASON TO BELIEVE 2262 01:15:13,400 --> 01:15:16,120 THAT THE CONTINUED ADVANCEMENT 2263 01:15:16,120 --> 01:15:18,040 ENABLED BY SUSTAINED FEDERAL 2264 01:15:18,040 --> 01:15:20,040 INVESTMENT CHANNELED TOWARDS 2265 01:15:20,040 --> 01:15:21,280 ISSUES OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE 2266 01:15:21,280 --> 01:15:22,920 HOLDS THE POTENTIAL FOR FURTHER 2267 01:15:22,920 --> 01:15:24,000 ECONOMIC IMPACT AND QUALITY OF 2268 01:15:24,000 --> 01:15:27,920 LIFE IMPROVEMENTS. 2269 01:15:27,920 --> 01:15:30,880 AND SO SO THIS IS LED BY NSF, 2270 01:15:30,880 --> 01:15:32,280 THESE NATIONAL AI INS TEURKTS WE 2271 01:15:32,280 --> 01:15:35,160 JUST CALL THEM AI INSTITUTES. 2272 01:15:35,160 --> 01:15:37,320 THE U.S.' LARGEST OR THE 2273 01:15:37,320 --> 01:15:39,840 NATION'S LARGEST AI RESEARCH 2274 01:15:39,840 --> 01:15:42,680 ECOSYSTEM AND REPRESENTS A 2275 01:15:42,680 --> 01:15:43,880 CORNERSTONE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 2276 01:15:43,880 --> 01:15:45,480 COMMITMENT TO FOSTERING LONG 2277 01:15:45,480 --> 01:15:47,600 TERM FUNDAMENTAL REA SEARCH IN 2278 01:15:47,600 --> 01:15:49,720 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. 2279 01:15:49,720 --> 01:15:50,640 THEY'RE FUNDED THROUGH 2280 01:15:50,640 --> 01:15:53,120 PARTNERSHIPS WITH OTHER FEDERAL 2281 01:15:53,120 --> 01:15:54,800 AGENCIES AND INDUSTRY LEADERS. 2282 01:15:54,800 --> 01:15:56,160 AS YOU CAN SEE THEY'RE LISTED 2283 01:15:56,160 --> 01:15:58,760 HERE ON THE SLIDE SO YOU CAN SEE 2284 01:15:58,760 --> 01:15:58,960 THEM. 2285 01:15:58,960 --> 01:16:03,160 SO FAR, 25 INSTITUTES HAVE BEEN 2286 01:16:03,160 --> 01:16:04,560 AWARDED AND YOU CAN SEE THEIR 2287 01:16:04,560 --> 01:16:09,440 DISTRIBUTION ON THE MAP HERE. 2288 01:16:09,440 --> 01:16:13,800 THE DOTS -- I THINK IT'S THE 2289 01:16:13,800 --> 01:16:15,560 BLUE DOTS -- ARE THE LEAD 2290 01:16:15,560 --> 01:16:16,160 ORGANIZATIONS. 2291 01:16:16,160 --> 01:16:17,200 OF PARTICULAR INTEREST FOR YOU 2292 01:16:17,200 --> 01:16:21,760 MAY BE THAT A RECENT AWARD IS A 2293 01:16:21,760 --> 01:16:23,840 CONSORTIUM OF NINE ORGANIZATIONS 2294 01:16:23,840 --> 01:16:25,720 LED BY COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY ON 2295 01:16:25,720 --> 01:16:26,840 ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL 2296 01:16:26,840 --> 01:16:27,600 INTELLIGENCE. 2297 01:16:27,600 --> 01:16:30,640 IT USES INSIGHTS FROM 2298 01:16:30,640 --> 01:16:31,360 NEUROSCIENCE AND COGNITIVE 2299 01:16:31,360 --> 01:16:32,440 SCIENCE TO TACKLE THE 2300 01:16:32,440 --> 01:16:33,840 LIMITATIONS AND CHALLENGES OF 2301 01:16:33,840 --> 01:16:35,280 CURRENT MACHINE LEARNING SYSTEMS 2302 01:16:35,280 --> 01:16:38,920 SUCH AS LEARNING WITH -- DATA, 2303 01:16:38,920 --> 01:16:40,760 REASONING, CAUSALITY, 2304 01:16:40,760 --> 01:16:41,800 UNCERTAINTY AND LIFELONG 2305 01:16:41,800 --> 01:16:46,040 LEARNING. 2306 01:16:46,040 --> 01:16:47,080 SO IF TIME PERMITS, I'M JUST 2307 01:16:47,080 --> 01:16:49,000 GOING TO TELL BUT A FEW PROGRAMS 2308 01:16:49,000 --> 01:16:53,120 THAT COME OUT OF THE BASIC 2309 01:16:53,120 --> 01:16:53,840 SCIENCE DREACTS. 2310 01:16:53,840 --> 01:16:56,680 I MENTIONED EARLIER THE NSF CUTS 2311 01:16:56,680 --> 01:16:57,760 ACROSS THE DIFFERENT STEM 2312 01:16:57,760 --> 01:16:58,720 DISCIPLINES, SO SOME OF THE 2313 01:16:58,720 --> 01:17:01,160 BASIC SCIENCE DIRECTORATES 2314 01:17:01,160 --> 01:17:03,360 LISTED HERE ON THE SLIDE, AND I 2315 01:17:03,360 --> 01:17:06,560 JUST PICKED SOME PROGRAMS OR 2316 01:17:06,560 --> 01:17:07,600 CLUSTERS OF PROGRAMS THAT MAY BE 2317 01:17:07,600 --> 01:17:08,640 OF INTEREST TO THIS AUDIENCE 2318 01:17:08,640 --> 01:17:11,840 JUST TO GIVE YOU A FLAVOR OF HOW 2319 01:17:11,840 --> 01:17:13,680 BRAIN RESEARCH AND BRAIN-RELATED 2320 01:17:13,680 --> 01:17:17,640 RESEARCH IS FUNDED AT THE NSF. 2321 01:17:17,640 --> 01:17:18,960 SO NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 2322 01:17:18,960 --> 01:17:19,840 THE FIRST TWO THAT I'M TALKING 2323 01:17:19,840 --> 01:17:21,320 ABOUT COME FROM THE BIOLOGICAL 2324 01:17:21,320 --> 01:17:23,720 SCIENCES DIRECTORATE, SO WE HAVE 2325 01:17:23,720 --> 01:17:25,800 WHAT WE CALL BEHAVIOR SYSTEMS 2326 01:17:25,800 --> 01:17:27,840 CLUSTER, WHICH SUPPORTS BEHAVIOR 2327 01:17:27,840 --> 01:17:30,040 NOT JUST OF INDIVIDUALS BUT ALSO 2328 01:17:30,040 --> 01:17:31,960 OF -- SORRY, IT SUPPORTS 2329 01:17:31,960 --> 01:17:35,720 RESEARCH ON BEHALF YORL 2330 01:17:35,720 --> 01:17:36,520 INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS OF 2331 01:17:36,520 --> 01:17:39,760 INDIVIDUALS, NOT JUST FOCUSED 2332 01:17:39,760 --> 01:17:41,520 ON -- ORGANISM AT A TIME. 2333 01:17:41,520 --> 01:17:44,600 OF COURSE A NEURAL SYSTEMS 2334 01:17:44,600 --> 01:17:46,160 CULTURE WHERE THE MICROORGANISMS 2335 01:17:46,160 --> 01:17:46,760 ARE LOCATED. 2336 01:17:46,760 --> 01:17:48,640 THESE ARE SORT OF FUNDAMENTAL 2337 01:17:48,640 --> 01:17:50,120 PROGRAMS WITHIN THE 2338 01:17:50,120 --> 01:17:51,440 BIODIRECTORATE THAT ARE OF 2339 01:17:51,440 --> 01:17:54,760 INTEREST TO NEUROSCIENCE AND 2340 01:17:54,760 --> 01:17:56,160 HAVE HELPED STEWARD ACTUALLY 2341 01:17:56,160 --> 01:17:57,920 SOME OF THE ACTIVITIES UNDER THE 2342 01:17:57,920 --> 01:18:00,480 BRAIN INITIATIVE. 2343 01:18:00,480 --> 01:18:04,800 AND I WOULD LIKE TO TAKE THIS 2344 01:18:04,800 --> 01:18:08,880 TIME ALSO TO POINT OUT THAT NIH 2345 01:18:08,880 --> 01:18:10,360 INVITED PROGRAM DIRECTORS TO 2346 01:18:10,360 --> 01:18:11,920 PARTICIPATE IN THE BRAIN 2347 01:18:11,920 --> 01:18:14,480 BEHAVIOR SYNCHRONIZATION AFTER 2348 01:18:14,480 --> 01:18:18,600 QUANTIFICATION, OR BBQS 2349 01:18:18,600 --> 01:18:19,520 WORKSHOPS, AND -- AN EXAMPLE OF 2350 01:18:19,520 --> 01:18:23,840 WHAT I CONSIDER A VERY VALUABLE 2351 01:18:23,840 --> 01:18:26,920 COLLABORATION ACROSS GOVERNMENT 2352 01:18:26,920 --> 01:18:28,640 AGENCIES. 2353 01:18:28,640 --> 01:18:29,680 SO TWO OTHER FUNDING 2354 01:18:29,680 --> 01:18:31,520 OPPORTUNITIES OR PROGRAMS OUT OF 2355 01:18:31,520 --> 01:18:33,360 THE BIODIRECTORATE WORTH 2356 01:18:33,360 --> 01:18:35,840 MENTIONING ARE THE BIOLOGY 2357 01:18:35,840 --> 01:18:37,360 INTEGRATION INSTITUTES AND THEIR 2358 01:18:37,360 --> 01:18:40,240 FOCUS IS SUPPORTING LARGER 2359 01:18:40,240 --> 01:18:42,360 GROUPS OF RESEARCHERS THAT 2360 01:18:42,360 --> 01:18:44,480 REALLY SCAN ACROSS SCALES, GOING 2361 01:18:44,480 --> 01:18:47,160 FROM MOLECULAR TO, YOU KNOW, AS 2362 01:18:47,160 --> 01:18:49,800 LARGE AS POPULATION SCALE WITHIN 2363 01:18:49,800 --> 01:18:51,840 THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WHICH 2364 01:18:51,840 --> 01:18:53,120 INCLUDES, OF COURSE, 2365 01:18:53,120 --> 01:18:58,080 NEUROSCIENCE, AND SO IF -- COULD 2366 01:18:58,080 --> 01:19:01,040 BE NEUROSCIENCE INSTITUTES THAT 2367 01:19:01,040 --> 01:19:02,600 COVER ACROSS SCALES. 2368 01:19:02,600 --> 01:19:04,040 THE OTHER PROGRAM IS THE 2369 01:19:04,040 --> 01:19:05,880 INTEGRATIVE RESEARCH IN BIOLOGY, 2370 01:19:05,880 --> 01:19:07,680 WHICH IS EMBEDDED WITHIN EACH OF 2371 01:19:07,680 --> 01:19:09,200 OUR WHAT WE CALL CORE PROGRAMS 2372 01:19:09,200 --> 01:19:11,720 OR BASIC PROGRAMS. 2373 01:19:11,720 --> 01:19:14,600 THAT BRINGS TOGETHER RESEARCHERS 2374 01:19:14,600 --> 01:19:15,760 FROM SUBDISCIPLINES IN BIOLOGY 2375 01:19:15,760 --> 01:19:19,000 TO TACKLE A PROBLEM TOGETHER. 2376 01:19:19,000 --> 01:19:20,520 THE EXAMPLE OF INTEGRATIVE 2377 01:19:20,520 --> 01:19:22,840 RESEARCH IN BIOLOGY PROJECT 2378 01:19:22,840 --> 01:19:25,000 COULD BE -- JUST AN EXAMPLE, A 2379 01:19:25,000 --> 01:19:25,680 COLLABORATION BETWEEN MOLECULAR 2380 01:19:25,680 --> 01:19:27,800 AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENTISTS AND 2381 01:19:27,800 --> 01:19:29,760 A POPULATION ECOLOGIST TO 2382 01:19:29,760 --> 01:19:32,920 EXAMINE THE INTERSECTION OF 2383 01:19:32,920 --> 01:19:34,800 NEUROBIOLOGY IN CHANGING AND -- 2384 01:19:34,800 --> 01:19:37,080 SYSTEMS AS AN EXAMPLE, AND ONE 2385 01:19:37,080 --> 01:19:39,480 THAT'S HIGHLY -- TO OCCUR IN 2386 01:19:39,480 --> 01:19:43,720 CONCERNS ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE. 2387 01:19:43,720 --> 01:19:46,440 SEW NSO NOW I'M GOING TO SWITCHO 2388 01:19:46,440 --> 01:19:47,320 OTHER DIRECTORATES. 2389 01:19:47,320 --> 01:19:51,960 THIS COMES FROM COMPUTER SCIENCE 2390 01:19:51,960 --> 01:19:54,640 AND ENGINEERING. 2391 01:19:54,640 --> 01:19:58,160 THE HUMAN CENTERED COMPUTING 2392 01:19:58,160 --> 01:19:59,880 SUPPORTS RESEARCH IN 2393 01:19:59,880 --> 01:20:03,120 HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION OR 2394 01:20:03,120 --> 01:20:04,760 INTERFACE, TAKEN BROADLY 2395 01:20:04,760 --> 01:20:05,800 INTEGRATING ACROSS DISCIPLINES 2396 01:20:05,800 --> 01:20:08,680 SUCH AS THE SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2397 01:20:08,680 --> 01:20:10,280 SCIENCES, TO DESIGN NEW 2398 01:20:10,280 --> 01:20:11,840 COMPUTING SYSTEMS TO AMPLIFY 2399 01:20:11,840 --> 01:20:15,720 DIVERSE HUMAN PHYSICAL -- 2400 01:20:15,720 --> 01:20:17,240 HUMANS' PHYSICAL, COGNITIVE AND 2401 01:20:17,240 --> 01:20:21,120 SOCIAL CAPABILITIES TO -- 2402 01:20:21,120 --> 01:20:22,440 COLLECTIVE GOALS, BENEFITS, 2403 01:20:22,440 --> 01:20:25,160 EFFECTS AND RISKS OF COMPUTING 2404 01:20:25,160 --> 01:20:27,160 SYSTEMS AS WELL AS TO UNDERSTAND 2405 01:20:27,160 --> 01:20:31,520 HOW HUMAN AND CONTEXTUAL 2406 01:20:31,520 --> 01:20:32,600 ASPECTS -- TO INITIATE THOSE 2407 01:20:32,600 --> 01:20:33,080 EFFECTS. 2408 01:20:33,080 --> 01:20:34,800 THE ROBUST INTELLIGENCE PROGRAM 2409 01:20:34,800 --> 01:20:36,800 IS ANOTHER INTERESTING PROGRAM 2410 01:20:36,800 --> 01:20:38,600 THAT ENCOMPASSES COMPUTATIONAL 2411 01:20:38,600 --> 01:20:41,240 RESEARCH NEEDED TO UNDERSTAND 2412 01:20:41,240 --> 01:20:42,120 DEVELOPED SYSTEMS THAT CAN 2413 01:20:42,120 --> 01:20:43,240 SENSE, LEARN, REASON, 2414 01:20:43,240 --> 01:20:44,920 COMMUNICATE AND ACT IN THE 2415 01:20:44,920 --> 01:20:47,600 WORLD, EXHIBIT FLEXIBILITY, 2416 01:20:47,600 --> 01:20:48,880 RESOURCEFULNESS, CREATIVITY, 2417 01:20:48,880 --> 01:20:51,320 REALTIME RESPONSIVENESS AND LONG 2418 01:20:51,320 --> 01:20:52,720 TERM REFLECTION. 2419 01:20:52,720 --> 01:20:55,360 OR IT USES A VARIETY OF 2420 01:20:55,360 --> 01:20:57,080 REASONING APPROACHES AND 2421 01:20:57,080 --> 01:20:59,720 DEMONSTRATES CONFIDENCE IN 2422 01:20:59,720 --> 01:21:00,920 COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTS AND 2423 01:21:00,920 --> 01:21:05,600 SOCIETAL CONTEXTS. 2424 01:21:05,600 --> 01:21:09,040 SO TW TWO PROGRAMS OUT OF 2425 01:21:09,040 --> 01:21:10,160 ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE I WANT 2426 01:21:10,160 --> 01:21:12,000 TO HIGHLIGHT HERE IS DISABILITY 2427 01:21:12,000 --> 01:21:12,840 AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING 2428 01:21:12,840 --> 01:21:14,640 PROGRAM, WHICH SUPPORTS 2429 01:21:14,640 --> 01:21:16,320 FUNDAMENTAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH 2430 01:21:16,320 --> 01:21:18,280 THAT WILL IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF 2431 01:21:18,280 --> 01:21:20,320 LIFE OF PERSONS WITH 2432 01:21:20,320 --> 01:21:20,880 DISABILITIES OVER THE 2433 01:21:20,880 --> 01:21:23,440 DEVELOPMENT OF NEW 2434 01:21:23,440 --> 01:21:24,200 TECHNOLOGIES -- SOFTWARE, 2435 01:21:24,200 --> 01:21:25,840 COMBINED WITH ADVANCEMENT OF 2436 01:21:25,840 --> 01:21:27,160 KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE HEALTHY 2437 01:21:27,160 --> 01:21:30,600 OR PATHOLOGICAL HUMAN MOTION FOR 2438 01:21:30,600 --> 01:21:31,760 ADVANCEMENT AND UNDERSTANDING OF 2439 01:21:31,760 --> 01:21:35,800 INJURY MECHANISMS. 2440 01:21:35,800 --> 01:21:36,840 A SECOND PROGRAM THAT'S ACTUALLY 2441 01:21:36,840 --> 01:21:38,160 A FAMILY OF PROGRAMS THAT COMES 2442 01:21:38,160 --> 01:21:40,000 OUT OF WHAT WE CALL THE EMERGING 2443 01:21:40,000 --> 01:21:43,640 FRONTIERS AND RESEARCH AND 2444 01:21:43,640 --> 01:21:45,840 INNOVATION PROGRAM, THAT PROGRAM 2445 01:21:45,840 --> 01:21:47,600 PROVIDES SUPPORT OR FUNDAMENTAL 2446 01:21:47,600 --> 01:21:49,560 DISCOVERY OF THE PRON 40 TEARS 2447 01:21:49,560 --> 01:21:52,360 OF ENGINEERING RESEARCH, 2448 01:21:52,360 --> 01:21:54,960 CATALYZING NEW 2449 01:21:54,960 --> 01:21:57,520 MULTI-INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH 2450 01:21:57,520 --> 01:22:01,160 ON DIFFERENT TOPICS, TO ADDRESS 2451 01:22:01,160 --> 01:22:03,080 GRAND CHANG FOR NATURAL NEED. 2452 01:22:03,080 --> 01:22:05,600 REASON CALL THROUGH THE PROGRAM 2453 01:22:05,600 --> 01:22:07,240 INCLUDED THE BRAIN INSPIRED 2454 01:22:07,240 --> 01:22:09,560 DYNAMICS FOR ENGINEERING 2455 01:22:09,560 --> 01:22:10,800 ENERGY-EFFICIENT CIRCUITS AND 2456 01:22:10,800 --> 01:22:13,880 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. 2457 01:22:13,880 --> 01:22:15,760 AND A FORTHCOMING CALL, SO STAY 2458 01:22:15,760 --> 01:22:17,240 TUNED FOR THAT CALL, IS FOCUSED 2459 01:22:17,240 --> 01:22:18,720 ON ENGINEERING ORGANOID 2460 01:22:18,720 --> 01:22:23,880 INTELLIGENCE. 2461 01:22:23,880 --> 01:22:25,400 SO I WANT TO TALK BRIEFLY ABOUT 2462 01:22:25,400 --> 01:22:29,160 SOME PROGRAMS OUT OF THE SOCIAL 2463 01:22:29,160 --> 01:22:30,240 BEHAVIORAL ECONOMIC SCIENCES 2464 01:22:30,240 --> 01:22:30,680 DIRECTORATE. 2465 01:22:30,680 --> 01:22:35,240 SO THE DIVISION OF COGNITIVE 2466 01:22:35,240 --> 01:22:35,840 SCIENCE -- DIVISION OF 2467 01:22:35,840 --> 01:22:36,680 BEHAVIORAL AND COGNITIVE 2468 01:22:36,680 --> 01:22:38,200 SCIENCES WHICH SUPPORTS BASIC 2469 01:22:38,200 --> 01:22:41,360 RESEARCH IN THE PSYCHOLOGICAL, 2470 01:22:41,360 --> 01:22:42,720 LINGUISTIC, ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND 2471 01:22:42,720 --> 01:22:43,840 GEOGRAPHIC SCIENCES HAS A NUMBER 2472 01:22:43,840 --> 01:22:48,400 OF PROGRAMS THAT IS PERTINENT 2473 01:22:48,400 --> 01:22:49,280 FOR THE BRAIN INITIATIVE, 2474 01:22:49,280 --> 01:22:50,640 INCLUDING THE COGNITIVE 2475 01:22:50,640 --> 01:22:52,000 NEUROSCIENCE PROGRAM, 2476 01:22:52,000 --> 01:22:54,360 DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCES, 2477 01:22:54,360 --> 01:22:55,360 PERCEPTION, ACTION AND 2478 01:22:55,360 --> 01:22:56,480 COGNITION, AND SCIENCE OF 2479 01:22:56,480 --> 01:22:57,760 LEARNING AND AUGMENTED 2480 01:22:57,760 --> 01:22:59,800 INTELLIGENCE. 2481 01:22:59,800 --> 01:23:05,720 SO I ENCOURAGE YOU TO CHECK OUT 2482 01:23:05,720 --> 01:23:08,120 THE WEBSITE AND PARTICULAR THAT 2483 01:23:08,120 --> 01:23:09,280 OF BEHAVIORAL AND COGNITIVE 2484 01:23:09,280 --> 01:23:09,920 SCIENCES. 2485 01:23:09,920 --> 01:23:14,440 I ALSO ADDED TO THIS SLIDE BASED 2486 01:23:14,440 --> 01:23:16,000 ON THE VERY INTERESTING AND 2487 01:23:16,000 --> 01:23:18,360 ALWAYS ENLIGHTENING WORKSHOP ON 2488 01:23:18,360 --> 01:23:20,560 THE NEUROETHICS WORKING GROUP, A 2489 01:23:20,560 --> 01:23:21,840 PROGRAM THAT YOU CAN SEE AT THE 2490 01:23:21,840 --> 01:23:23,440 BOTTOM PART OF THE SLIDE, THAT'S 2491 01:23:23,440 --> 01:23:24,840 THE ETHICAL AND RESPONSIBLE 2492 01:23:24,840 --> 01:23:25,360 RESEARCH PROGRAM. 2493 01:23:25,360 --> 01:23:26,840 IT'S A PROGRAM THAT SUPPORTS 2494 01:23:26,840 --> 01:23:32,560 PROJECTS THAT USE FUNDING 2495 01:23:32,560 --> 01:23:35,280 RESEARCH TO FIND OUT WHAT 2496 01:23:35,280 --> 01:23:36,600 CONSTITUTES AND PROMOTES 2497 01:23:36,600 --> 01:23:39,680 RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH AND HOW TO 2498 01:23:39,680 --> 01:23:42,280 BEST INSTILL THAT KNOWLEDGE INTO 2499 01:23:42,280 --> 01:23:44,520 RESEARCHERS, PRACTITIONERS AND 2500 01:23:44,520 --> 01:23:46,160 EDUCATORS AT ALL CAREER LEVELS. 2501 01:23:46,160 --> 01:23:49,240 SOME OF THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS 2502 01:23:49,240 --> 01:23:50,320 THAT I THINK SPEAK TO THE 2503 01:23:50,320 --> 01:23:52,000 DISCUSSIONS OF YESTERDAY'S 2504 01:23:52,000 --> 01:23:54,160 MEETING ARE WHAT PRACTICES 2505 01:23:54,160 --> 01:23:55,840 CONTRIBUTE TO THE ESTABLISHMENT 2506 01:23:55,840 --> 01:23:56,920 AND MAINTENANCE OF ETHICAL 2507 01:23:56,920 --> 01:23:58,360 CULTURES, AND HOW CAN THESE 2508 01:23:58,360 --> 01:23:59,720 PRACTICES BE TRANSFERRED, 2509 01:23:59,720 --> 01:24:01,120 EXTENDED TO, INTEGRATED INTO 2510 01:24:01,120 --> 01:24:04,640 OTHER RESEARCH OF LEARNING 2511 01:24:04,640 --> 01:24:05,880 SETTINGS. 2512 01:24:05,880 --> 01:24:06,840 ANOTHER QUESTION IS WHAT ARE THE 2513 01:24:06,840 --> 01:24:09,160 ETHICAL ISSUES THAT PERVADE THE 2514 01:24:09,160 --> 01:24:11,000 RELATIONSHIPS AMONG RESEARCH 2515 01:24:11,000 --> 01:24:12,840 PARTICIPANTS, THEIR DATA AND 2516 01:24:12,840 --> 01:24:14,600 RESEARCHERS WHO GATHER AND 2517 01:24:14,600 --> 01:24:15,360 ANALYZE SUCH HUMAN SUBJECTS 2518 01:24:15,360 --> 01:24:18,200 DATA, HOW CAN RESEARCH 2519 01:24:18,200 --> 01:24:21,280 PARTICIPANTS BE EMPOWERED TO USE 2520 01:24:21,280 --> 01:24:22,600 THESE RELATIONSHIP, AND WHAT ARE 2521 01:24:22,600 --> 01:24:24,840 THE DATA GOVERNANCE AND OTHER 2522 01:24:24,840 --> 01:24:26,280 ETHICS-RELATED ISSUES SHAPING 2523 01:24:26,280 --> 01:24:28,000 AND IMPACTING DATA USE IN STEM 2524 01:24:28,000 --> 01:24:31,800 AND HOW ARE THEY SUPPORTING, 2525 01:24:31,800 --> 01:24:33,040 DISRUPTING, AND CHALLENGING 2526 01:24:33,040 --> 01:24:35,840 RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH IN AN 2527 01:24:35,840 --> 01:24:37,040 EVER-BROADENING AND 2528 01:24:37,040 --> 01:24:38,920 INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH 2529 01:24:38,920 --> 01:24:42,480 ENVIRONMENT. 2530 01:24:42,480 --> 01:24:46,680 SO WE ALSO HAVE THE DIRECTORATE 2531 01:24:46,680 --> 01:24:48,520 FOR MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL 2532 01:24:48,520 --> 01:24:50,520 SCIENCES, AND THERE ARE A NUMBER 2533 01:24:50,520 --> 01:24:52,000 OF PROGRAMS, AND REALLY IT'S 2534 01:24:52,000 --> 01:24:54,240 JUST A SNAPSHOT. 2535 01:24:54,240 --> 01:24:55,160 THERE IS THE MATHEMATICAL 2536 01:24:55,160 --> 01:24:59,960 BIOLOGY PROGRAM, THEY MUST 2537 01:24:59,960 --> 01:25:03,440 DEMONSTRATE MATHEMATICAL -- BY 2538 01:25:03,440 --> 01:25:04,720 STRONG INTEGRATION BETWEEN 2539 01:25:04,720 --> 01:25:07,960 MATHEMATICS AND BIOLOGY. 2540 01:25:07,960 --> 01:25:09,800 THE STATISTICS PROGRAM IS 2541 01:25:09,800 --> 01:25:11,360 RESEARCH IN STATISTICAL THEORY 2542 01:25:11,360 --> 01:25:13,120 AND METHODS INCLUDING RESEARCH 2543 01:25:13,120 --> 01:25:14,600 IN STATISTICAL METHODS WITH 2544 01:25:14,600 --> 01:25:15,880 APPLICATIONS IN ANY DOMAIN OF 2545 01:25:15,880 --> 01:25:16,960 SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING. 2546 01:25:16,960 --> 01:25:19,680 TWO PROGRAMS THAT INTERACT 2547 01:25:19,680 --> 01:25:24,240 ACTUALLY QUITE A LOT OR HAVE 2548 01:25:24,240 --> 01:25:25,040 REPEATEDLY INTERACTED WITH SOME 2549 01:25:25,040 --> 01:25:26,360 OF THE PROGRAMS WE LAUNCH UNDER 2550 01:25:26,360 --> 01:25:27,800 THE BRAIN INITIATIVE, THE 2551 01:25:27,800 --> 01:25:30,360 CHEMISTRY OF LIFE PROGRAM AND 2552 01:25:30,360 --> 01:25:31,920 THE PHYSICS OF LIVING SYSTEMS 2553 01:25:31,920 --> 01:25:32,160 PROGRAM. 2554 01:25:32,160 --> 01:25:33,200 THE KEM INDUSTRIAL OF LIFE 2555 01:25:33,200 --> 01:25:34,880 PROCESSES PROGRAM SUPPORTS 2556 01:25:34,880 --> 01:25:36,360 FUNDAMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL AND 2557 01:25:36,360 --> 01:25:37,240 COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES AT THE 2558 01:25:37,240 --> 01:25:39,640 INTERFACE OF CHEMISTRY AND 2559 01:25:39,640 --> 01:25:41,880 BIOLOGY, SUCH STUDY SHOULD 2560 01:25:41,880 --> 01:25:42,480 PROMOTE THE FUNDAMENTAL 2561 01:25:42,480 --> 01:25:43,720 UNDERSTANDING OF THE MOLECULAR 2562 01:25:43,720 --> 01:25:45,680 UNDERPINNINGS OF LIFE PROCESSES 2563 01:25:45,680 --> 01:25:48,080 AND THE PHYSICS OF LIVING 2564 01:25:48,080 --> 01:25:50,960 SYSTEMS PROGRAM TARGETS SYNERGY 2565 01:25:50,960 --> 01:25:53,040 OF THEORETICAL RESEARCH, 2566 01:25:53,040 --> 01:25:53,680 EXPLORING THE FUNDAMENTAL 2567 01:25:53,680 --> 01:25:55,840 PHYSICAL PROCESSES THAT LIVING 2568 01:25:55,840 --> 01:25:57,920 SYSTEMS UTILIZE TO PERFORM THEIR 2569 01:25:57,920 --> 01:25:59,560 FUNCTIONS IN DYNAMIC AND DIVERSE 2570 01:25:59,560 --> 01:26:03,160 ENVIRONMENTS. 2571 01:26:03,160 --> 01:26:07,480 AND LAST BUT NOT LEAST, THE NEXT 2572 01:26:07,480 --> 01:26:09,840 SLIDE, I WANT TO JUST MENTION 2573 01:26:09,840 --> 01:26:13,560 THAT OUR STEM EDUCATION 2574 01:26:13,560 --> 01:26:14,680 DIRECTORATE THAT RECENTLY WAS 2575 01:26:14,680 --> 01:26:16,720 RENAMED TO STEM EDUCATION 2576 01:26:16,720 --> 01:26:18,000 DIRECTORATE, HAS A LARGE NUMBER 2577 01:26:18,000 --> 01:26:20,440 OF FUNDAMENTAL OR WHAT WE CALL 2578 01:26:20,440 --> 01:26:21,960 CORE RESEARCH PROGRAMS THAT 2579 01:26:21,960 --> 01:26:23,400 SUPPORT FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2580 01:26:23,400 --> 01:26:27,520 THAT CONTRIBUTES TO THE GENERAL 2581 01:26:27,520 --> 01:26:31,320 EXPLANATORY KNOWLEDGE THAT 2582 01:26:31,320 --> 01:26:32,680 UNDERLIES STEM EDUCATION IN ONE 2583 01:26:32,680 --> 01:26:34,160 OR MORE OF THE THREE BROADLY 2584 01:26:34,160 --> 01:26:35,800 CONCEIVED RESEARCH AREAS. 2585 01:26:35,800 --> 01:26:37,000 RESEARCH ON LEARNING AND 2586 01:26:37,000 --> 01:26:38,040 LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS, RESEARCH 2587 01:26:38,040 --> 01:26:39,200 ON BROADENING PARTICIPATION IN 2588 01:26:39,200 --> 01:26:39,680 STEM FIELDS. 2589 01:26:39,680 --> 01:26:41,880 I SHOULD POINT OUT THAT 2590 01:26:41,880 --> 01:26:42,840 BROADENING PARTICIPATION IS A 2591 01:26:42,840 --> 01:26:44,560 THEME THAT APPLIES ACROSS ALL 2592 01:26:44,560 --> 01:26:48,560 PROGRAMS IN THE NSF, AND FINALLY 2593 01:26:48,560 --> 01:26:49,480 RESEARCH ON STEM WORKFORCE 2594 01:26:49,480 --> 01:26:50,000 DEVELOP M. 2595 01:26:50,000 --> 01:26:52,480 I GUESS I SHOULD MENTION HERE, 2596 01:26:52,480 --> 01:26:53,840 YOU SHOULD NOTICE THAT SOME OF 2597 01:26:53,840 --> 01:26:55,280 THE PROGRAMS I MENTIONED EARLIER 2598 01:26:55,280 --> 01:26:56,360 THAT WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT IS 2599 01:26:56,360 --> 01:26:59,960 VERY MUCH ALSO INTERGRE INTEGRAN 2600 01:26:59,960 --> 01:27:01,280 MANY OF THE PROGRAMS IF NOT 2601 01:27:01,280 --> 01:27:02,560 ESSENTIALLY ALL PROGRAMS THAT 2602 01:27:02,560 --> 01:27:07,320 NSF LAUNCHES. 2603 01:27:07,320 --> 01:27:08,560 IF YOU SWITCH TO THE NEXT SLIDE, 2604 01:27:08,560 --> 01:27:11,800 I HAVE ONE MINUTE LEFT FOR 2605 01:27:11,800 --> 01:27:12,560 QUESTIONS. 2606 01:27:12,560 --> 01:27:14,120 >>THANKS, FLOH. 2607 01:27:14,120 --> 01:27:15,320 GREAT TO SEE ALL THAT YOU'RE 2608 01:27:15,320 --> 01:27:16,320 INVOLVED IN. 2609 01:27:16,320 --> 01:27:17,400 IT'S A LOT. 2610 01:27:17,400 --> 01:27:20,600 >>WELL, I'M NOT INVOLVED IN ALL 2611 01:27:20,600 --> 01:27:22,240 OF THIS, I JUST WANTED TO GIVE 2612 01:27:22,240 --> 01:27:23,680 AN OVERVIEW OF PROGRAMS THAT MAY 2613 01:27:23,680 --> 01:27:25,400 BE OF INTEREST. 2614 01:27:25,400 --> 01:27:28,360 >>AND ALSO VERY HAPPY TO BE 2615 01:27:28,360 --> 01:27:29,480 CONTINUING OUR VARIOUS 2616 01:27:29,480 --> 01:27:30,280 COLLABORATIONS BETWEEN THE TWO 2617 01:27:30,280 --> 01:27:30,840 AGENCIES. 2618 01:27:30,840 --> 01:27:34,680 IT'S BEEN VERY PRODUCTIVE. 2619 01:27:34,680 --> 01:27:39,600 ANY QUESTIONS? 2620 01:27:39,600 --> 01:27:47,600 >>THIS IS BRYAN. 2621 01:27:47,600 --> 01:27:50,320 DO YOU EVER HAVE TO EXPLICITLY 2622 01:27:50,320 --> 01:27:52,480 DEAL WITH OPTIMIZING THE BALANCE 2623 01:27:52,480 --> 01:27:54,040 OF CURIOSITY-DRIVEN VERSUS SOME 2624 01:27:54,040 --> 01:27:58,360 OF THE APPLIED AREAS? 2625 01:27:58,360 --> 01:28:00,520 YOU MADE THE IMPORTANCE OF 2626 01:28:00,520 --> 01:28:02,280 CURIOSITY DRIVEN, AND AT THE 2627 01:28:02,280 --> 01:28:03,960 SAME TIME, THERE ARE A NUMBER OF 2628 01:28:03,960 --> 01:28:04,560 TRANSLATIONAL PROGRAMS THERE. 2629 01:28:04,560 --> 01:28:08,680 HOW DO YOU MANAGE THAT? 2630 01:28:08,680 --> 01:28:10,040 >>GREAT QUESTION. 2631 01:28:10,040 --> 01:28:11,960 PART OF -- ONE ASPECT OF HOW WE 2632 01:28:11,960 --> 01:28:13,920 ARE MANAGING THIS IS TO HAVE 2633 01:28:13,920 --> 01:28:15,480 PROGRAMS THAT ARE FOCUSED REALLY 2634 01:28:15,480 --> 01:28:17,240 ON THE BASIC SCIENCES, SO MANY 2635 01:28:17,240 --> 01:28:19,520 OF THE PROGRAMS THAT I SPOKE 2636 01:28:19,520 --> 01:28:21,160 ABOUT IN THE SECOND HALF, IF YOU 2637 01:28:21,160 --> 01:28:23,720 WISH, WITHIN THE INDIVIDUAL 2638 01:28:23,720 --> 01:28:27,120 DIRECTORATES ARE REALLY FOCUSED 2639 01:28:27,120 --> 01:28:30,400 ON THE CURIOSITY DRIVEN 2640 01:28:30,400 --> 01:28:31,240 DISCOVERY BASIC FOUNDATIONAL 2641 01:28:31,240 --> 01:28:32,080 KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION AND 2642 01:28:32,080 --> 01:28:33,960 BUILDING, WHEREAS THE PROGRAMS 2643 01:28:33,960 --> 01:28:35,160 THAT COME OUT OF ENGINEERING, 2644 01:28:35,160 --> 01:28:37,480 THE ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE, NOT 2645 01:28:37,480 --> 01:28:38,840 SURPRISINGLY, AS WELL AS THE 2646 01:28:38,840 --> 01:28:39,840 COMPUTER INFORMATION SCIENCE AND 2647 01:28:39,840 --> 01:28:42,120 ENGINEERING AND YOU AGAIN HAVE 2648 01:28:42,120 --> 01:28:45,280 ALREADY MORE APPLIED -- AS WELL 2649 01:28:45,280 --> 01:28:46,680 AS THE TIP DIRECTORATE, WHICH 2650 01:28:46,680 --> 01:28:49,800 ARE VERY EXPLICITLY FOCUSED ON 2651 01:28:49,800 --> 01:28:50,160 TRANSLATION. 2652 01:28:50,160 --> 01:28:52,160 AND WE ARE AWARE THAT WITH THE 2653 01:28:52,160 --> 01:28:52,920 PROGRAMS, INCLUDING PROGRAMS 2654 01:28:52,920 --> 01:28:56,600 SUCH AS THE CONVERGENCE 2655 01:28:56,600 --> 01:28:57,280 ACCELERATOR WHERE YOU PROVIDE 2656 01:28:57,280 --> 01:28:58,920 TRAINING AND YOU BRING TOGETHER 2657 01:28:58,920 --> 01:29:02,520 INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE ALREADY 2658 01:29:02,520 --> 01:29:03,480 WORKING IN THE APPLIED FIELD, 2659 01:29:03,480 --> 01:29:05,440 THAT'S THE FOCUS, TO TAKE THE 2660 01:29:05,440 --> 01:29:06,560 INPUT, IS THAT BASIC SCIENCE 2661 01:29:06,560 --> 01:29:07,960 FROM THE OTHER PROGRAMS AND 2662 01:29:07,960 --> 01:29:09,880 TRANSLATE IT INTO SOMETHING THAT 2663 01:29:09,880 --> 01:29:14,040 HAS SOCIETAL IMPACT, BY THE TIME 2664 01:29:14,040 --> 01:29:16,240 THOSE PROJECTS REACH THEIR -- 2665 01:29:16,240 --> 01:29:18,480 THE END OF THE LIFE OF THAT 2666 01:29:18,480 --> 01:29:20,760 PROJECT, THERE MAY BE MORE 2667 01:29:20,760 --> 01:29:22,120 ASSISTANCE NEEDED, THERE STILL 2668 01:29:22,120 --> 01:29:24,600 IS THIS GAP BETWEEN THE BASIC 2669 01:29:24,600 --> 01:29:27,360 SCIENCE AND FULL BLOWN 2670 01:29:27,360 --> 01:29:27,880 APPLICATION. 2671 01:29:27,880 --> 01:29:30,240 WE HAVE -- BY BEING IN ONE 2672 01:29:30,240 --> 01:29:33,360 BUILDING WHICH IS REALLY VERY 2673 01:29:33,360 --> 01:29:34,400 NICE, WE INTERACT WITH ONE 2674 01:29:34,400 --> 01:29:35,440 ANOTHER A LOT, SO PART OF THE 2675 01:29:35,440 --> 01:29:39,280 BRIDGING HAPPENS THROUGH 2676 01:29:39,280 --> 01:29:40,000 INTERACTIONS WITH THE PROGRAM 2677 01:29:40,000 --> 01:29:41,240 DIRECTORS AND RUNNING THESE 2678 01:29:41,240 --> 01:29:41,880 PROGRAMS TOGETHER. 2679 01:29:41,880 --> 01:29:48,000 >>THANK YOU. 2680 01:29:48,000 --> 01:29:48,720 >>TED? 2681 01:29:48,720 --> 01:29:49,680 >>HI, FLOH. 2682 01:29:49,680 --> 01:29:50,240 HI, EVERYONE. 2683 01:29:50,240 --> 01:29:51,440 THANKS FOR A VERY INTERESTING 2684 01:29:51,440 --> 01:29:52,040 PRESENTATION. 2685 01:29:52,040 --> 01:29:53,880 I'M ALSO REALLY GRATEFUL FOR 2686 01:29:53,880 --> 01:29:55,280 NSF'S IMPACT. 2687 01:29:55,280 --> 01:29:56,760 IN PARTICULAR, I'M STRUCK BY THE 2688 01:29:56,760 --> 01:29:58,120 IMPACT IN THE PROGRAM IN 2689 01:29:58,120 --> 01:29:59,800 COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AND 2690 01:29:59,800 --> 01:30:00,680 COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE. 2691 01:30:00,680 --> 01:30:06,200 THAT REALLY IS A TERRIFIC TRANS 2692 01:30:06,200 --> 01:30:07,520 GOVERNMENTAL -- U.S. GOVERNMENT 2693 01:30:07,520 --> 01:30:10,040 TALL AGENCY, AND ALSO WORLDWIDE 2694 01:30:10,040 --> 01:30:11,320 COLLABORATION, WHICH IS JUST, I 2695 01:30:11,320 --> 01:30:13,200 THINK, REALLY TREMENDOUSLY 2696 01:30:13,200 --> 01:30:15,520 IMPACTFUL. 2697 01:30:15,520 --> 01:30:16,960 AND NSF HAS REALLY HAD A 2698 01:30:16,960 --> 01:30:18,600 PRESENCE IN COMPUTATIONAL 2699 01:30:18,600 --> 01:30:22,040 NEUROSCIENCE ALMOST FROM THE 2700 01:30:22,040 --> 01:30:24,840 BEGINNING, 25 YEARS, 30 YEARS 2701 01:30:24,840 --> 01:30:25,200 AGO. 2702 01:30:25,200 --> 01:30:28,640 ONE COMMENT ON THAT IS THINKING 2703 01:30:28,640 --> 01:30:29,520 ABOUT THINGS ALSO AT THE 2704 01:30:29,520 --> 01:30:30,040 MOLECULAR LEVEL. 2705 01:30:30,040 --> 01:30:31,360 A LOT OF THE COMPUTATIONAL WORK 2706 01:30:31,360 --> 01:30:33,520 KIND OF GETS TO THE 2707 01:30:33,520 --> 01:30:34,960 ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL LEVEL. 2708 01:30:34,960 --> 01:30:37,640 AND I THINK THAT WE ALSO -- IT'S 2709 01:30:37,640 --> 01:30:41,440 GENES THAT ACTUALLY ENCODE THOSE 2710 01:30:41,440 --> 01:30:45,560 PROTEINS THAT REA SP RESPOND ATE 2711 01:30:45,560 --> 01:30:48,240 SYNAPSES AND ION CHANNELS AND 2712 01:30:48,240 --> 01:30:49,720 DETERMINE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY. 2713 01:30:49,720 --> 01:30:50,840 THAT'S ONE THING KIND OF AS A 2714 01:30:50,840 --> 01:30:51,840 COMMENT TO REALLY CONSIDER, IS 2715 01:30:51,840 --> 01:30:53,720 THE IMPORTANCE OF REALLY 2716 01:30:53,720 --> 01:30:54,320 MOLECULAR MODELING. 2717 01:30:54,320 --> 01:30:58,160 NOW THAT WE HAVE A LOT OF THE 2718 01:30:58,160 --> 01:31:00,160 PLAYERS FROM ALL OF THE SINGLE 2719 01:31:00,160 --> 01:31:01,560 CELL GENE EXPRESSION WORK THAT 2720 01:31:01,560 --> 01:31:02,440 UNDERSTANDING HOW THEY RELATE, 2721 01:31:02,440 --> 01:31:05,000 IT'S GOING TO BE VERY COMPLEX, 2722 01:31:05,000 --> 01:31:07,040 JUST TALK TO EVE MARTER, THE 2723 01:31:07,040 --> 01:31:08,120 MATH IS GOING TO BE VERY 2724 01:31:08,120 --> 01:31:08,400 COMPLEX. 2725 01:31:08,400 --> 01:31:11,120 BUT I THINK IT'S EXCITING. 2726 01:31:11,120 --> 01:31:13,240 SO THANKS, IT'S REALLY JUST A 2727 01:31:13,240 --> 01:31:15,320 THANK YOU TO NSF FOR THAT 2728 01:31:15,320 --> 01:31:15,760 TREMENDOUS PROGRAM. 2729 01:31:15,760 --> 01:31:16,720 I HAD A QUESTION AND I THINK 2730 01:31:16,720 --> 01:31:17,800 MAYBE AN OPPORTUNITY FOR ONE OF 2731 01:31:17,800 --> 01:31:20,320 THE PROGRAMS THAT KIND OF WENT 2732 01:31:20,320 --> 01:31:23,680 BY ON THE SLIDE, AND THAT WAS 2733 01:31:23,680 --> 01:31:25,080 THE DISABILITY AND ENGINEERING 2734 01:31:25,080 --> 01:31:26,280 PROGRAM, I FORGET THE EXACT 2735 01:31:26,280 --> 01:31:28,240 TITLE OF IT THAT YOU MENTIONED, 2736 01:31:28,240 --> 01:31:30,720 WITH WHERE YOU THINK ABOUT 2737 01:31:30,720 --> 01:31:31,880 ENGINEERING APPROACHES TO HELP 2738 01:31:31,880 --> 01:31:32,760 INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES IS 2739 01:31:32,760 --> 01:31:33,560 HOW I HEARD IT. 2740 01:31:33,560 --> 01:31:34,680 YOU KNOW, IT'S INTERESTING TO 2741 01:31:34,680 --> 01:31:37,440 THINK ABOUT THAT WHEN WE THINK 2742 01:31:37,440 --> 01:31:39,720 ABOUT THE NEUROETHICS WORKING 2743 01:31:39,720 --> 01:31:41,360 GROUP, WE THINK ABOUT 2744 01:31:41,360 --> 01:31:42,680 NEUROETHICISTS AND THEM BEING IN 2745 01:31:42,680 --> 01:31:45,120 GROUPS THAT ARE INVOLVED IN 2746 01:31:45,120 --> 01:31:46,320 THESE BRAIN -- PROJECTS 2747 01:31:46,320 --> 01:31:48,000 ESPECIALLY THOSE IN HUMAN 2748 01:31:48,000 --> 01:31:51,640 SUBJECTS AND ESPECIALLY THOSE IN 2749 01:31:51,640 --> 01:31:54,080 PATIENTS IN THE O.R., 2750 01:31:54,080 --> 01:31:55,160 NEUROSURGICAL PATIENTS, BUT THAT 2751 01:31:55,160 --> 01:31:56,120 REALLY INTERSECTS WITH 2752 01:31:56,120 --> 01:31:56,560 DISABILITY. 2753 01:31:56,560 --> 01:31:59,760 AND WITH DISABILITY STUDIES AND 2754 01:31:59,760 --> 01:32:01,840 THAT'S SOMETHING I THINK WOULD 2755 01:32:01,840 --> 01:32:03,360 BE INTERESTING TO POTENTIALLY 2756 01:32:03,360 --> 01:32:04,600 EXPLORE, IS SORT OF THE 2757 01:32:04,600 --> 01:32:06,160 CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THAT 2758 01:32:06,160 --> 01:32:08,320 DISABILITY ENGINEERING GROUP AND 2759 01:32:08,320 --> 01:32:08,960 MANY OF THE NEUROETHICS 2760 01:32:08,960 --> 01:32:12,080 INITIATIVES THAT I THINK BEGIN 2761 01:32:12,080 --> 01:32:14,000 TO OVERLAP AND MAY HELP INFORM 2762 01:32:14,000 --> 01:32:16,040 EACH OTHER AND GIVE PEOPLE NEW 2763 01:32:16,040 --> 01:32:19,680 PERSPECTIVES ON WHAT IT IS IN 2764 01:32:19,680 --> 01:32:20,840 PERSPECTIVE OF INDIVIDUALS WITH 2765 01:32:20,840 --> 01:32:21,640 DISABILITIES AND THESE NEW 2766 01:32:21,640 --> 01:32:24,120 FINDINGS THAT WERE HAVING FROM 2767 01:32:24,120 --> 01:32:25,600 THE BRAIN SCIENCE. 2768 01:32:25,600 --> 01:32:26,360 >>IT'S INTERESTING THAT YOU 2769 01:32:26,360 --> 01:32:27,680 RAISE THAT POINT, BECAUSE THERE 2770 01:32:27,680 --> 01:32:31,040 IS A LOT OF CONVERSATION ABOUT 2771 01:32:31,040 --> 01:32:32,560 THAT INTERSECTION WITHIN THE 2772 01:32:32,560 --> 01:32:37,320 HALLS OF NSF, AND TO BRING NOT 2773 01:32:37,320 --> 01:32:39,480 JUST ACTUALLY WITH RESPECT TO 2774 01:32:39,480 --> 01:32:41,560 DISABILITIES, BUT ALSO HAVING 2775 01:32:41,560 --> 01:32:45,480 MEMBERS OF THAT COMMUNITY 2776 01:32:45,480 --> 01:32:46,160 PARTICIPATE, ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS 2777 01:32:46,160 --> 01:32:46,760 IN THE RESEARCH. 2778 01:32:46,760 --> 01:32:48,440 SO IT'S NOT JUST ONE GROUP DOING 2779 01:32:48,440 --> 01:32:51,680 SOMETHING FOR ANOTHER GROUP, BUT 2780 01:32:51,680 --> 01:32:54,200 REALLY HAVE PRACTITIONERS AND 2781 01:32:54,200 --> 01:32:55,440 THOSE WHO ARE SUBJECT OF THE 2782 01:32:55,440 --> 01:33:00,040 STUDIES BE PART OF THOSE WHO ARE 2783 01:33:00,040 --> 01:33:01,400 DESIGNERS OF THE STUDIES. 2784 01:33:01,400 --> 01:33:03,240 >>AND ALSO ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS 2785 01:33:03,240 --> 01:33:04,880 IN THE DISCUSSIONS THAT WE HAVE, 2786 01:33:04,880 --> 01:33:06,720 I THINK, TOO. 2787 01:33:06,720 --> 01:33:09,680 >>RIGHT. 2788 01:33:09,680 --> 01:33:11,040 >>IN FORUMS LIKE THIS. 2789 01:33:11,040 --> 01:33:13,440 >>I MENTIONED ETHICAL AND 2790 01:33:13,440 --> 01:33:15,120 RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH PROGRAM 2791 01:33:15,120 --> 01:33:16,840 THAT COMES OUT OF -- NOT OUT OF 2792 01:33:16,840 --> 01:33:19,000 ENGINEERING BUT THE SOCIAL 2793 01:33:19,000 --> 01:33:20,440 BEHAVIORAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES 2794 01:33:20,440 --> 01:33:22,000 DIRECTORATE, IT'S A 2795 01:33:22,000 --> 01:33:23,520 CROSS-DIRECTORATE ACTIVITY 2796 01:33:23,520 --> 01:33:25,120 INVOLVING ALSO REPRESENTATIVES 2797 01:33:25,120 --> 01:33:28,280 FROM ENGINEERING, AS WELL AS 2798 01:33:28,280 --> 01:33:30,920 FROM DISABILITIES THAT DISCUSS 2799 01:33:30,920 --> 01:33:32,920 ALSO OF COURSE THE EDUCATION 2800 01:33:32,920 --> 01:33:33,760 DIRECTORATE, SO REALLY IT 2801 01:33:33,760 --> 01:33:36,520 INTERSECTS WITH ALL OF THE 2802 01:33:36,520 --> 01:33:40,320 DIRECTORATES, AND IT'S PART IF 2803 01:33:40,320 --> 01:33:42,120 YOU HAVE THE CONVERSATION OF 2804 01:33:42,120 --> 01:33:44,360 DIVERSITY, THE DEI CONVERSATION. 2805 01:33:44,360 --> 01:33:44,880 >>YES, THANK YOU. 2806 01:33:44,880 --> 01:33:50,680 >>THANK YOU. 2807 01:33:50,680 --> 01:33:52,400 >>I THINK WE SHOULD BE MOVING 2808 01:33:52,400 --> 01:33:53,000 ON. 2809 01:33:53,000 --> 01:33:56,240 THANKS VERY MUCH, FLOH. 2810 01:33:56,240 --> 01:33:58,040 DR. WANG, DO YOU WANT TO DO 2811 01:33:58,040 --> 01:33:59,200 PRESENTATION ON THIS NEW CONCEPT 2812 01:33:59,200 --> 01:34:01,360 FOR BRAIN? 2813 01:34:01,360 --> 01:34:04,400 >>YES. 2814 01:34:04,400 --> 01:34:08,480 CAN YOU HEAR ME ALL RIGHT? 2815 01:34:08,480 --> 01:34:09,040 >>YES. 2816 01:34:09,040 --> 01:34:10,080 >>LOOKS GOOD. 2817 01:34:10,080 --> 01:34:11,560 SOUNDS GOOD, LOOKS GOOD. 2818 01:34:11,560 --> 01:34:12,480 >>GREAT. 2819 01:34:12,480 --> 01:34:14,640 GOOD AFTERNOON, EVERYONE. 2820 01:34:14,640 --> 01:34:16,920 I'M HERE TO PRESENT A NEW 2821 01:34:16,920 --> 01:34:18,880 CONCEPT JOINTLY PROPOSED BY 2822 01:34:18,880 --> 01:34:23,600 BRAIN INITIATIVE TEAM C & A. 2823 01:34:23,600 --> 01:34:25,280 THE TITLE IS TRANSFORMATIVE 2824 01:34:25,280 --> 01:34:27,440 DISCOVERY TO RESOLVE THE 2825 01:34:27,440 --> 01:34:28,920 HETEROGENEITY OF BRAIN CELLS 2826 01:34:28,920 --> 01:34:32,520 THROUGH NONINVASIVE IMAGING. 2827 01:34:32,520 --> 01:34:33,840 FIRST OF ALL, I'D LIKE TO GIVE 2828 01:34:33,840 --> 01:34:35,680 BIG THANKS TO THE TASK FORCE. 2829 01:34:35,680 --> 01:34:38,400 I GREATLY APPRECIATE THEIR 2830 01:34:38,400 --> 01:34:39,680 EXPERTISE, ENTHUSIASM AND THEIR 2831 01:34:39,680 --> 01:34:41,120 DEVOTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF 2832 01:34:41,120 --> 01:34:46,400 THIS CONCEPT. 2833 01:34:46,400 --> 01:34:48,880 SO THE BRAIN INITIATIVE ALLOWS 2834 01:34:48,880 --> 01:34:52,920 THE BICCN PROGRAM FIRST PHASE, 2835 01:34:52,920 --> 01:34:55,840 WHICH SUCCESSFULLY CLASSIFIED 2836 01:34:55,840 --> 01:35:02,320 BRAIN CELLS AT THE LEVEL OF 2837 01:35:02,320 --> 01:35:06,040 GRANULARITY AS NEVER BEFORE, 2838 01:35:06,040 --> 01:35:08,960 MAPPING CELL TYPES ACROSS 2839 01:35:08,960 --> 01:35:09,920 DIFFERENT SPECIES. 2840 01:35:09,920 --> 01:35:11,120 THIS COULD SERVE AS A FOUNDATION 2841 01:35:11,120 --> 01:35:12,520 OF CELL-BASED NEUROSCIENCE 2842 01:35:12,520 --> 01:35:15,680 RESEARCH IN THE FUTURE. 2843 01:35:15,680 --> 01:35:16,840 MEANWHILE, THESE PROGRAMS 2844 01:35:16,840 --> 01:35:20,000 HEAVILY RELY ON SINGLE CELL 2845 01:35:20,000 --> 01:35:23,240 ENVIRONMENT TO TRANSLATE THE 2846 01:35:23,240 --> 01:35:25,160 CELLS KNOWLEDGE INTO THE SPACE 2847 01:35:25,160 --> 01:35:28,160 OF CLINICAL AND NEUROSCIENCE 2848 01:35:28,160 --> 01:35:28,640 RESEARCH. 2849 01:35:28,640 --> 01:35:31,200 IT WILL BE CRITICALLY BENEFICIAL 2850 01:35:31,200 --> 01:35:34,200 TO DEVELOP CORRESPONDING 2851 01:35:34,200 --> 01:35:35,440 NONINVASIVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES 2852 01:35:35,440 --> 01:35:38,680 THAT COULD HELP IDENTIFY, 2853 01:35:38,680 --> 01:35:41,040 LOCALIZE AND CHARACTERIZE THE 2854 01:35:41,040 --> 01:35:42,960 STATE OF DIFFERENT CELLS IN 2855 01:35:42,960 --> 01:35:47,440 VIVO, WHICH IS THE -- GOAL OF 2856 01:35:47,440 --> 01:35:48,080 THIS CONCEPT. 2857 01:35:48,080 --> 01:35:50,320 NOT ONLY PAVING WAIT TOWARDS NEW 2858 01:35:50,320 --> 01:35:52,080 RESEARCH PARADIGMS, FOR EXAMPLE, 2859 01:35:52,080 --> 01:35:54,320 TO STUDY THE DEVELOPMENT OF 2860 01:35:54,320 --> 01:35:56,800 SPECIFIC CELL TYPES IN FUNCTION 2861 01:35:56,800 --> 01:35:57,960 OR DYSFUNCTION BUT ALSO 2862 01:35:57,960 --> 01:36:00,040 FACILITATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF 2863 01:36:00,040 --> 01:36:03,920 QUANTITATIVE IMAGING BIOMARKERS 2864 01:36:03,920 --> 01:36:06,280 FOR DIAGNOSIS, PROGNOSIS, AND 2865 01:36:06,280 --> 01:36:08,960 TREATMENT OF BRAIN DISORDERS. 2866 01:36:08,960 --> 01:36:12,040 SO ON THE GENE-BASED THERAPY IS 2867 01:36:12,040 --> 01:36:16,080 RAPIDLY GROWING AS EXAMPLE SHOWN 2868 01:36:16,080 --> 01:36:17,280 RELEASED IN JUNE OF THIS YEAR, 2869 01:36:17,280 --> 01:36:19,320 GENE THERAPIES HAVE BEEN 2870 01:36:19,320 --> 01:36:21,240 APPROVED BY FDA FOR HUMAN USE. 2871 01:36:21,240 --> 01:36:23,120 WE FIRMLY BELIEVE THAT THEIR 2872 01:36:23,120 --> 01:36:26,600 APPLICATION TO NEUROLOGICAL AND 2873 01:36:26,600 --> 01:36:27,440 NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDER WILL 2874 01:36:27,440 --> 01:36:30,920 BE CATALYZED BY BRAIN CELL -- 2875 01:36:30,920 --> 01:36:35,480 AND FACILITATED BY THIS CONCEPT. 2876 01:36:35,480 --> 01:36:37,440 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 2877 01:36:37,440 --> 01:36:38,400 BEFORE DIVING INTO DETAIL, I 2878 01:36:38,400 --> 01:36:44,800 WOULD LIKE TO PROVIDE A BRIEF 2879 01:36:44,800 --> 01:36:47,360 SURVEY TO SEE WHERE CHALLENGES 2880 01:36:47,360 --> 01:36:48,440 ARE. 2881 01:36:48,440 --> 01:36:49,800 THIS SLIDE SHOWS DIFFERENT CELL 2882 01:36:49,800 --> 01:36:50,680 CENSUS APPROACHES. 2883 01:36:50,680 --> 01:36:53,040 THESE CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO 2884 01:36:53,040 --> 01:36:55,360 FOUR CATEGORIES, THESE ARE 2885 01:36:55,360 --> 01:36:57,640 MOLECULAR, ANATOMIC, FUNCTIONAL 2886 01:36:57,640 --> 01:36:58,840 AND PHYSIOLOGICAL. 2887 01:36:58,840 --> 01:37:00,880 ALL ARE SINGLE CELL-BASED EX 2888 01:37:00,880 --> 01:37:01,160 VIVO. 2889 01:37:01,160 --> 01:37:05,160 AMONG THEM, MOLECULAR AND 2890 01:37:05,160 --> 01:37:06,000 ANATOMICAL INFORMATION --. 2891 01:37:06,000 --> 01:37:09,320 IN THIS PAPER PUBLISHED BY 2892 01:37:09,320 --> 01:37:12,240 DR. ZENG IN 2022, SHE PROVIDED A 2893 01:37:12,240 --> 01:37:16,640 DETAILED EXAMPLE OF HOW CELL -- 2894 01:37:16,640 --> 01:37:18,040 MOTOR CORTEX WERE CLASSIFIED 2895 01:37:18,040 --> 01:37:21,480 INTO ABOUT 110 DIFFERENT TYPES, 2896 01:37:21,480 --> 01:37:23,760 USING A HIERARCHICAL, 2897 01:37:23,760 --> 01:37:24,920 MULTILEVEL, MULTI-PARAMETRIC 2898 01:37:24,920 --> 01:37:25,360 APPROACH. 2899 01:37:25,360 --> 01:37:29,200 FIRST CELLS ARE DIVIDED INTO TWO 2900 01:37:29,200 --> 01:37:30,320 CATEGORIES, NEURONAL AND 2901 01:37:30,320 --> 01:37:31,720 NON-NEURONAL CELLS. 2902 01:37:31,720 --> 01:37:32,720 SECOND, NEURONAL CELLS ARE 2903 01:37:32,720 --> 01:37:43,280 DIVIDED INTO TWO SUBCATEGORIES. 2904 01:37:45,280 --> 01:37:47,640 THIRD -- CELLS WERE DIVIDED INTO 2905 01:37:47,640 --> 01:37:50,440 FURTHER SUB-SUBCATEGORIES, 2906 01:37:50,440 --> 01:37:51,080 LONG-RANGE PROJECTION PATTERN TO 2907 01:37:51,080 --> 01:37:53,520 OTHER PARTS OF THE BRAIN OR SO 2908 01:37:53,520 --> 01:37:59,880 CALLED CONNE CONNECTOMICS. 2909 01:37:59,880 --> 01:38:03,080 FINALLY DIVIDED INTO DIFFERENT 2910 01:38:03,080 --> 01:38:05,440 TYPES. 2911 01:38:05,440 --> 01:38:09,480 AMONG THIS DIFFERENT 2912 01:38:09,480 --> 01:38:10,960 ENVIRONMENT -- IS THE MOST 2913 01:38:10,960 --> 01:38:16,240 WIDELY USED. 2914 01:38:16,240 --> 01:38:18,120 THIS SLIDE SHOWS WHAT ALL IS 2915 01:38:18,120 --> 01:38:20,200 GOING ON IN THE NONINVASIVE 2916 01:38:20,200 --> 01:38:21,240 IMAGING WORLD. 2917 01:38:21,240 --> 01:38:22,880 IMAGING SPECIFIC TYPE OF CELLS 2918 01:38:22,880 --> 01:38:25,880 BELONGS TO THE MOLECULAR IMAGING 2919 01:38:25,880 --> 01:38:27,400 DOMAIN, WHEREAS MOST WIDELY USED 2920 01:38:27,400 --> 01:38:30,680 APPROACH IS NUCLEAR IMAGING, 2921 01:38:30,680 --> 01:38:32,760 INCLUDING BOTH PET AND SPECT. 2922 01:38:32,760 --> 01:38:34,800 THE MAJORITY OF SPECIFIC 2923 01:38:34,800 --> 01:38:36,920 CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, ALSO CALLED 2924 01:38:36,920 --> 01:38:39,920 TRACER IMAGING PROBES THAT BOND 2925 01:38:39,920 --> 01:38:46,360 TO -- SURFACE TARGETS. 2926 01:38:46,360 --> 01:38:48,680 AS -- SHOWS MOST RESEARCH 2927 01:38:48,680 --> 01:38:50,840 TARGETED THE -- SYSTEM -- LARGE 2928 01:38:50,840 --> 01:38:51,520 PROTEIN AGGREGATIONS. 2929 01:38:51,520 --> 01:38:55,000 IN ADDITION, THEY ARE -- FOR 2930 01:38:55,000 --> 01:38:59,200 METABOLIC AND PERFUSION IMAGING. 2931 01:38:59,200 --> 01:39:00,760 -- MOST POPULAR IN CLINICAL 2932 01:39:00,760 --> 01:39:01,640 PRACTICE. 2933 01:39:01,640 --> 01:39:05,120 NUCLEAR IMAGING IS DOMINATED 2934 01:39:05,120 --> 01:39:06,360 APPROACH TO HIGHEST SENSITIVITY 2935 01:39:06,360 --> 01:39:08,320 BUT THIS OTHER MODALITY CAN ALSO 2936 01:39:08,320 --> 01:39:10,040 BE APPLIED WITH COMPLEMENTARY 2937 01:39:10,040 --> 01:39:10,320 BENEFITS. 2938 01:39:10,320 --> 01:39:13,000 FOR EXAMPLE, A SPECIAL MR 2939 01:39:13,000 --> 01:39:18,200 TECHNOLOGY CALLED CHEMICAL 2940 01:39:18,200 --> 01:39:19,560 SATURATION TRANSFER IS -- 2941 01:39:19,560 --> 01:39:20,680 SPECIFIC INFORMATION FROM 2942 01:39:20,680 --> 01:39:23,520 SIGNALS OF WHAT WERE HER 2943 01:39:23,520 --> 01:39:23,800 MOLECULES. 2944 01:39:23,800 --> 01:39:25,560 THIS ENDOGENOUS FEATURE DOES NOT 2945 01:39:25,560 --> 01:39:27,200 REQUIRE INJECTION OF CHEMICAL 2946 01:39:27,200 --> 01:39:29,240 COMPOUNDS OR LIGANDS, SO THIS 2947 01:39:29,240 --> 01:39:31,200 LIST OF DIFFERENT -- MODALITY 2948 01:39:31,200 --> 01:39:32,640 COULD BE POTENTIALLY LEVERAGED 2949 01:39:32,640 --> 01:39:34,720 TO ACHIEVE THE GOAL OF THIS 2950 01:39:34,720 --> 01:39:40,600 CONCEPT. 2951 01:39:40,600 --> 01:39:42,000 WHERE RECENTLY, THERE WAS A 2952 01:39:42,000 --> 01:39:43,760 TREND IN THE NONINVASIVE IMAGING 2953 01:39:43,760 --> 01:39:47,560 COMMUNITY TO STUDY THE -- 2954 01:39:47,560 --> 01:39:51,040 SPECIFIC CELL TYPES IN BRAIN 2955 01:39:51,040 --> 01:39:51,360 FUNCTION. 2956 01:39:51,360 --> 01:39:54,520 THE PAPER ILLUSTRATES A 2957 01:39:54,520 --> 01:39:54,960 TYPICAL -- APPROACH. 2958 01:39:54,960 --> 01:39:56,440 IT STARTS WITH NEUROIMAGING 2959 01:39:56,440 --> 01:40:01,400 SHOWING FEATURES OF THE -- 2960 01:40:01,400 --> 01:40:02,160 FUNCTION. 2961 01:40:02,160 --> 01:40:04,720 -- OF DIFFERENT MARKER GENES. 2962 01:40:04,720 --> 01:40:08,240 SO MARKER GENE THAT -- THE MOST 2963 01:40:08,240 --> 01:40:10,440 AND THE CELL TYPES THAT EXPRESS 2964 01:40:10,440 --> 01:40:15,320 IT ARE SAID TO BE RESPONSIBLE 2965 01:40:15,320 --> 01:40:17,040 FOR -- FUNCTION. 2966 01:40:17,040 --> 01:40:19,720 THIS DEMONSTRATES INCREASING 2967 01:40:19,720 --> 01:40:21,360 INTEREST OF -- ENROLLMENT OF 2968 01:40:21,360 --> 01:40:23,120 SPECIFIC CELL TYPES IN -- 2969 01:40:23,120 --> 01:40:25,400 FUNCTION. 2970 01:40:25,400 --> 01:40:27,440 HOWEVER, THIS CORRELATIONAL 2971 01:40:27,440 --> 01:40:29,360 APPROACH IS -- CONCLUSIONS CAN 2972 01:40:29,360 --> 01:40:31,800 BE DRAWN FROM IT ARE RATHER 2973 01:40:31,800 --> 01:40:32,880 INCONCLUSIVE. 2974 01:40:32,880 --> 01:40:34,280 MEANINGFUL FIRST STEPS WOULD BE 2975 01:40:34,280 --> 01:40:36,520 AN AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT THAT 2976 01:40:36,520 --> 01:40:38,840 INFORMATION PRESENTED IN 2977 01:40:38,840 --> 01:40:41,200 IMAGE -- COMES FROM A DEFINITE 2978 01:40:41,200 --> 01:40:44,760 CELL TYPE OR SUBTYPE WHICH IS -- 2979 01:40:44,760 --> 01:40:47,840 OF THIS CONCEPT. 2980 01:40:47,840 --> 01:40:49,240 SO EXAMPLE OF CLINICAL 2981 01:40:49,240 --> 01:40:50,640 APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR 2982 01:40:50,640 --> 01:40:53,280 IMAGING. 2983 01:40:53,280 --> 01:40:55,000 TYPICALLY -- IMAGING-BASED 2984 01:40:55,000 --> 01:40:56,880 METRICS TO QUANTIFY THE CHANGING 2985 01:40:56,880 --> 01:41:01,360 LEVELS OF CERTAIN ASPECTS OF 2986 01:41:01,360 --> 01:41:02,800 THE -- CELL CATEGORY. 2987 01:41:02,800 --> 01:41:06,960 IN THIS CASE -- TO SUMMARIZE THE 2988 01:41:06,960 --> 01:41:08,800 UPTAKE VALUE IN PET TO EVALUATE 2989 01:41:08,800 --> 01:41:15,600 AND TREAT EFFICACY OF -- TOXIC G 2990 01:41:15,600 --> 01:41:18,240 LYMPHOCYTES OF -- THERAPY OF 2991 01:41:18,240 --> 01:41:18,960 GLIOBLASTOMA. 2992 01:41:18,960 --> 01:41:19,960 IT SHOULD BE MENTIONED THAT IN 2993 01:41:19,960 --> 01:41:25,520 THE LITERATURE, MOST OF SUCH 2994 01:41:25,520 --> 01:41:29,560 STUDIES -- OF THIS CONCEPT -- TO 2995 01:41:29,560 --> 01:41:36,360 THE BRAIN. 2996 01:41:36,360 --> 01:41:39,600 BASED ON -- MAJOR GAPS MOLECULAR 2997 01:41:39,600 --> 01:41:41,120 IMAGING ARE CONCLUDED IN THIS 2998 01:41:41,120 --> 01:41:41,320 SLIDE. 2999 01:41:41,320 --> 01:41:46,360 FIRST THERE IS A DIMENSIONALITY 3000 01:41:46,360 --> 01:41:47,120 DIFFERENCE. 3001 01:41:47,120 --> 01:41:52,200 SINCE THIS IS 3002 01:41:52,200 --> 01:41:53,240 MULTI-PARAMETRIC -- IN DIFFERENT 3003 01:41:53,240 --> 01:41:55,480 CATEGORY, SUCH AS 3004 01:41:55,480 --> 01:41:57,040 TRANSCRIPTOMICS, PROTEIN 3005 01:41:57,040 --> 01:42:02,840 OMICS -- AND CONNECTOMICS -- ONE 3006 01:42:02,840 --> 01:42:04,280 SPECIFIC SURFACE PROTEIN AS A 3007 01:42:04,280 --> 01:42:06,760 TARGET. 3008 01:42:06,760 --> 01:42:11,360 SECOND, IN MOLECULAR IMAGING -- 3009 01:42:11,360 --> 01:42:13,880 MORE DIFFERENT TYPE OF BRAIN 3010 01:42:13,880 --> 01:42:14,320 CELLS. 3011 01:42:14,320 --> 01:42:16,360 HARD TO PARSE OUT INFORMATION TO 3012 01:42:16,360 --> 01:42:18,720 TELL ONE SPECIFIC TYPE, SUBTYPE 3013 01:42:18,720 --> 01:42:20,880 OR CATEGORY FROM ANY OTHERS, 3014 01:42:20,880 --> 01:42:23,040 IT'S A CHALLENGE. 3015 01:42:23,040 --> 01:42:26,960 IN CONTRAST TO SINGLE CELL-BASED 3016 01:42:26,960 --> 01:42:30,240 APPROACHES, WHERE DID TH -- COUD 3017 01:42:30,240 --> 01:42:30,720 HAVE COME FROM? 3018 01:42:30,720 --> 01:42:34,000 THIRD, THERE'S AN ACCESS ISSUE. 3019 01:42:34,000 --> 01:42:37,400 THE DOMINATING MOLECULAR 3020 01:42:37,400 --> 01:42:38,760 PATHOLOGY REQUIRE -- AND BINDING 3021 01:42:38,760 --> 01:42:41,960 OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS. 3022 01:42:41,960 --> 01:42:45,640 TO SURFACE A PROTEIN TARGET. 3023 01:42:45,640 --> 01:42:47,680 THE -- CROSSING THE BLOOD BRAIN 3024 01:42:47,680 --> 01:42:49,200 BARRIER, OR BBB, FREQUENTLY 3025 01:42:49,200 --> 01:42:51,600 BECOMES A CONCERN ESPECIALLY IN 3026 01:42:51,600 --> 01:42:53,440 THE CONTEXT OF THIS CONCEPT TO 3027 01:42:53,440 --> 01:42:55,560 THE SO-CALLED REPORTER GENE 3028 01:42:55,560 --> 01:42:55,960 IMAGING. 3029 01:42:55,960 --> 01:42:57,240 TO MEET THESE CHALLENGES, WE 3030 01:42:57,240 --> 01:43:00,600 PROPOSE THE FOLLOWING STRATEGY. 3031 01:43:00,600 --> 01:43:01,920 FIRST, STRONGLY ENCOURAGE 3032 01:43:01,920 --> 01:43:04,680 RESEARCHERS WHO WANT CELL -- 3033 01:43:04,680 --> 01:43:08,120 DATA OR PRIORITIZING TARGETED 3034 01:43:08,120 --> 01:43:09,120 CELL TYPES COULD HAVE A 3035 01:43:09,120 --> 01:43:10,320 SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON 3036 01:43:10,320 --> 01:43:11,520 NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH OR 3037 01:43:11,520 --> 01:43:15,560 CLINICAL TRANSLATION. 3038 01:43:15,560 --> 01:43:16,560 ONCE THE CURRENT TARGET IS 3039 01:43:16,560 --> 01:43:17,880 IDENTIFIED AND ASSOCIATED 3040 01:43:17,880 --> 01:43:20,120 IDENTIFIERS ARE ESTABLISHED BY 3041 01:43:20,120 --> 01:43:24,200 THE CELL CENSUS GAP, WE FURTHER 3042 01:43:24,200 --> 01:43:28,200 ENCOURAGE -- TO CONSIDER THE 3043 01:43:28,200 --> 01:43:29,840 FOLLOWING ACTIONS IN THEIR 3044 01:43:29,840 --> 01:43:30,880 APPROACH. 3045 01:43:30,880 --> 01:43:33,040 THE FIRST IMAGE ACQUISITION, 3046 01:43:33,040 --> 01:43:35,640 BEING ENCOURAGED MULTIPLEX 3047 01:43:35,640 --> 01:43:37,240 NONINVASIVE ACQUISITION OF 3048 01:43:37,240 --> 01:43:39,600 DIFFERENT FEATURES THAT COULD 3049 01:43:39,600 --> 01:43:45,760 EMULATE MULTI-PARAMETRIC SICKLE 3050 01:43:45,760 --> 01:43:47,000 CELL -- FEATURES CAN BE 3051 01:43:47,000 --> 01:43:48,480 IDENTIFIED AND ASSOCIATED WITH 3052 01:43:48,480 --> 01:43:52,280 SINGLE CELL CLASSIFIER. 3053 01:43:52,280 --> 01:43:54,600 SERVE AS MY CROSS BY LEVEL CELL 3054 01:43:54,600 --> 01:43:57,600 TYPE PACIFIERS. 3055 01:43:57,600 --> 01:44:02,000 THEREFORE -- ACQUISITION MAY -- 3056 01:44:02,000 --> 01:44:03,560 THE SECOND IS ON INFORMATION 3057 01:44:03,560 --> 01:44:04,280 RECONSTRUCTION. 3058 01:44:04,280 --> 01:44:06,240 WE ENCOURAGE DEVELOPMENT AND 3059 01:44:06,240 --> 01:44:09,280 APPLICATION OF OTHER ONES TO 3060 01:44:09,280 --> 01:44:10,600 CONFUSIONAL TECHNOLOGIES THAT 3061 01:44:10,600 --> 01:44:13,000 COULD FOE SILL TATE THE MODALITY 3062 01:44:13,000 --> 01:44:15,800 AND RECONSTRUCTION AND THE -- 3063 01:44:15,800 --> 01:44:17,040 IMMIGRATION OF MULTIFACET 3064 01:44:17,040 --> 01:44:21,560 INFORMATION TO PROVIDE A CLEARER 3065 01:44:21,560 --> 01:44:23,800 PICTURE OF CELL TYPE OR SUBTYPE. 3066 01:44:23,800 --> 01:44:26,080 USING ONE MODALITY TO FACILITATE 3067 01:44:26,080 --> 01:44:29,040 CONSTRUCTION OF ANOTHER HAS BEEN 3068 01:44:29,040 --> 01:44:31,280 EXPLORED IN NONINVASIVE IMAGING. 3069 01:44:31,280 --> 01:44:34,920 FOR EXAMPLE, STRUCTURAL MR 3070 01:44:34,920 --> 01:44:38,720 IMAGES AS A -- TO UTILIZE EEG -- 3071 01:44:38,720 --> 01:44:39,920 WE BELIEVE SIMILAR APPROACHES 3072 01:44:39,920 --> 01:44:43,240 AND THE POTENTIALLY MORE 3073 01:44:43,240 --> 01:44:44,680 SOPHISTICATED ONES COULD BE MORE 3074 01:44:44,680 --> 01:44:47,720 BENEFICIAL TO ENHANCING CELLS 3075 01:44:47,720 --> 01:44:51,400 SPECIFICALLY UNDER -- ACCURACY. 3076 01:44:51,400 --> 01:44:56,920 THE THIRD IS SPECIFIC TO, 3077 01:44:56,920 --> 01:44:59,040 ENCOURAGE AND USE -- TECHNIQUES 3078 01:44:59,040 --> 01:44:59,640 TO SUPPLEMENT. 3079 01:44:59,640 --> 01:45:06,400 FOR EXAMPLE, MR-BASED 3080 01:45:06,400 --> 01:45:07,360 ENDOGENOUS --, FOR INSTANCE, 3081 01:45:07,360 --> 01:45:12,600 USING ULTRASOUND TO OPEN -- WE 3082 01:45:12,600 --> 01:45:15,080 BELIEVE DIFFERENT OPTIONS WITH 3083 01:45:15,080 --> 01:45:17,920 VARYING DEGREES OF -- EXIST. 3084 01:45:17,920 --> 01:45:20,000 THESE COULD BE HARNESSED 3085 01:45:20,000 --> 01:45:23,040 INDIVIDUALLY OR COLLECTIVELY TO 3086 01:45:23,040 --> 01:45:25,640 MITIGATE THIS ISSUE. 3087 01:45:25,640 --> 01:45:27,280 WITH SIGNIFICANT -- TO SHOOT AT 3088 01:45:27,280 --> 01:45:29,200 FIRST PLACE AND SOUND 3089 01:45:29,200 --> 01:45:30,640 DEVELOPMENT APPROACHES, WE HOPE 3090 01:45:30,640 --> 01:45:32,760 THAT THE OUTCOME OF THIS EFFORT 3091 01:45:32,760 --> 01:45:36,560 WOULD HELP ANSWER IMPORTANT 3092 01:45:36,560 --> 01:45:38,840 QUESTIONS. 3093 01:45:38,840 --> 01:45:40,080 FIRST, WHAT -- IMAGING FUTURES 3094 01:45:40,080 --> 01:45:43,200 OR THEIR COMBINATION COULD BE 3095 01:45:43,200 --> 01:45:47,560 UTILIZED NECK CLIFF WILL TO 3096 01:45:47,560 --> 01:45:48,960 IDENTIFY CELL TYPE -- SECOND, 3097 01:45:48,960 --> 01:45:51,960 HOW TO INTEGRATE A MULTIFACET 3098 01:45:51,960 --> 01:45:56,280 INFORMATION TO PROVIDE A PROVIDE 3099 01:45:56,280 --> 01:45:58,280 CROWSCOPIC -- AND LOCALIZATION. 3100 01:45:58,280 --> 01:45:59,680 THIRD, ALL SINGLE CELL 3101 01:45:59,680 --> 01:46:02,880 CLASSIFIERS CAN BE EXPLORED TO A 3102 01:46:02,880 --> 01:46:04,880 GREAT EXTENT AT THE MICROSCOPIC 3103 01:46:04,880 --> 01:46:05,080 LEVEL. 3104 01:46:05,080 --> 01:46:06,760 FOR EXAMPLE, MORPHOLOGY, THERE 3105 01:46:06,760 --> 01:46:09,560 WILL BE A LIMITATION. 3106 01:46:09,560 --> 01:46:11,640 TO THIS END, WE WOULD LIKE TO 3107 01:46:11,640 --> 01:46:17,360 KNOW TO WHICH EXTENT CELL TYPES 3108 01:46:17,360 --> 01:46:20,880 HAVE BEEN -- CLASSES OR 3109 01:46:20,880 --> 01:46:22,280 SUBCLASSES, CATEGORY 3110 01:46:22,280 --> 01:46:23,120 SUBCATEGORY, WE DON'T KNOW, BUT 3111 01:46:23,120 --> 01:46:24,960 WE WANT TO FIND OUT. 3112 01:46:24,960 --> 01:46:27,160 BECAUSE OF THESE QUESTIONS AND 3113 01:46:27,160 --> 01:46:29,200 UNKNOWNS, THIS CONCEPT IS 3114 01:46:29,200 --> 01:46:30,440 EXPLORATORY IN NATURE. 3115 01:46:30,440 --> 01:46:32,560 NEXT I'M GOING TO GO THROUGH 3116 01:46:32,560 --> 01:46:36,040 SOME RECENT PUBLICATION TO SHOW 3117 01:46:36,040 --> 01:46:38,760 TO OTHER POTENTIALLY LEVERAGED 3118 01:46:38,760 --> 01:46:43,320 THROUGH MITIGATED RISK. 3119 01:46:43,320 --> 01:46:48,240 THIS SLIDE IS ABOUT CELL -- THIS 3120 01:46:48,240 --> 01:46:52,200 IS A PAPER RECENTLY PUBLISHED. 3121 01:46:52,200 --> 01:46:54,840 THE GROUP IDENTIFIED A CELL 3122 01:46:54,840 --> 01:46:59,360 SUBTYPE THAT IS UPREGULATED NEW 3123 01:46:59,360 --> 01:47:01,160 PATIENTS' HIGHLY -- PARKINSON'S 3124 01:47:01,160 --> 01:47:01,400 DISEASE. 3125 01:47:01,400 --> 01:47:03,840 IT IS CHARACTERIZED ON THREE 3126 01:47:03,840 --> 01:47:06,800 ASPECTS. 3127 01:47:06,800 --> 01:47:12,000 FIRST, IT'S -- SECOND, IT -- IS 3128 01:47:12,000 --> 01:47:13,720 DEEP BRAIN NUCLEASE. 3129 01:47:13,720 --> 01:47:15,960 THIRD, IT IS MARKED AS 3130 01:47:15,960 --> 01:47:21,560 EXPRESSION OF THE -- AS TO -- SO 3131 01:47:21,560 --> 01:47:25,000 THIS DEMONSTRATES -- TO NOMINATE 3132 01:47:25,000 --> 01:47:27,200 ON THE -- PRIORITIZE -- CELL 3133 01:47:27,200 --> 01:47:29,200 TYPES WITH SIGNIFICANT 3134 01:47:29,200 --> 01:47:31,120 TRANSLATIONAL OR NEUROSCIENCE 3135 01:47:31,120 --> 01:47:31,720 RESEARCH --. 3136 01:47:31,720 --> 01:47:33,360 IT FURTHER DEMONSTRATE SINGLE 3137 01:47:33,360 --> 01:47:36,280 CELL CLASSIFIER, THE NONINVASIVE 3138 01:47:36,280 --> 01:47:38,000 IMAGING COULD TARGET. 3139 01:47:38,000 --> 01:47:41,600 THOSE ARE NEUROCHEMISTRY AND 3140 01:47:41,600 --> 01:47:44,800 ANATOMY AND -- IN THIS EXAMPLE. 3141 01:47:44,800 --> 01:47:46,600 BECAUSE -- IS THE MOST WIDELY 3142 01:47:46,600 --> 01:47:49,400 USED IN CELL CENSUS, ONE MAY 3143 01:47:49,400 --> 01:47:50,160 WONDER HOW MANY DIFFERENT TYPE 3144 01:47:50,160 --> 01:47:53,320 OF GENE ARE EXPECTED. 3145 01:47:53,320 --> 01:47:57,480 THE TASK COULD BE DONE IF -- 3146 01:47:57,480 --> 01:48:02,040 NEED TO GET -- THE PAPER TO THE 3147 01:48:02,040 --> 01:48:03,280 RIGHT PUBLISHED BY THE SAME 3148 01:48:03,280 --> 01:48:05,520 RESEARCH GROUP, WE PROVIDED 3149 01:48:05,520 --> 01:48:08,160 SOME -- SO I CERTIFIED THAT. 3150 01:48:08,160 --> 01:48:12,720 -- THE DIFFERENT TYPE OF CELLS, 3151 01:48:12,720 --> 01:48:15,360 MORE THAN 90% OF THE MAJOR BRAIN 3152 01:48:15,360 --> 01:48:16,880 COMPARTMENTS CAN BE UNIQUELY 3153 01:48:16,880 --> 01:48:20,520 IDENTIFIED BY UP TO THREE MARKER 3154 01:48:20,520 --> 01:48:21,960 GENES IN CONJUNCTION WITH 3155 01:48:21,960 --> 01:48:23,440 ANATOMICAL INFORMATION. 3156 01:48:23,440 --> 01:48:27,560 THIS INDICATES THAT IN MOST 3157 01:48:27,560 --> 01:48:30,080 CASES, THE -- OF THE 3158 01:48:30,080 --> 01:48:31,320 TRANSCRIPTOMICS SPACE IS 3159 01:48:31,320 --> 01:48:33,600 ABOUT -- WHICH IS NOT LARGE. 3160 01:48:33,600 --> 01:48:38,760 HOWEVER, THE COMPLEXITY -- 3161 01:48:38,760 --> 01:48:44,160 SHOULD NOT BE UNDERESTIMATING. 3162 01:48:44,160 --> 01:48:44,840 THIS SLIDE SHOWS SOME 3163 01:48:44,840 --> 01:48:46,560 INTERESTING APPROACHES ON 3164 01:48:46,560 --> 01:48:50,320 MOLECULAR IMAGING SIDE. 3165 01:48:50,320 --> 01:48:53,440 AS WE PREVIOUSLY MENTIONED -- 3166 01:48:53,440 --> 01:48:56,400 THE MOST WIDELY USED, WHILE 3167 01:48:56,400 --> 01:48:58,680 MOLECULAR IMAGING MOSTLY TARGETS 3168 01:48:58,680 --> 01:49:00,240 SURFACE PROTEIN. 3169 01:49:00,240 --> 01:49:04,720 HOW TO RANGE THE GAP. 3170 01:49:04,720 --> 01:49:07,800 IT'S A TWO-STEP -- APPROACH. 3171 01:49:07,800 --> 01:49:10,920 FIRST THE CELLS THAT ARE 3172 01:49:10,920 --> 01:49:12,280 EXPRESSED UNDER THE -- ARE 3173 01:49:12,280 --> 01:49:16,520 TARGETED BY VERY OFTEN, WITH A 3174 01:49:16,520 --> 01:49:18,080 PAYLOAD THAT INTRODUCES A 3175 01:49:18,080 --> 01:49:20,920 PROTEIN OF ENZYME EXPRESSION ON 3176 01:49:20,920 --> 01:49:21,680 CELL CIRCUITS. 3177 01:49:21,680 --> 01:49:26,160 THIS PENALTY IS CALLED A 3178 01:49:26,160 --> 01:49:28,080 REPORTER -- AND CALLED THE 3179 01:49:28,080 --> 01:49:29,000 REPORTER PROBE. 3180 01:49:29,000 --> 01:49:31,280 SECOND AND VERY TYPICALLY, 3181 01:49:31,280 --> 01:49:33,040 IMAGING PROBE IS ADIFFERENT TYPE 3182 01:49:33,040 --> 01:49:33,840 OF PROBE. 3183 01:49:33,840 --> 01:49:38,600 FOR EXAMPLE, I LIKEN THAT TO 3184 01:49:38,600 --> 01:49:41,760 ROART PROBE ARE INJECTED. 3185 01:49:41,760 --> 01:49:44,760 -- FOR IMAGING PRO INFORMS 3186 01:49:44,760 --> 01:49:46,640 LOCATION OF -- GENE TARGET AND 3187 01:49:46,640 --> 01:49:49,240 THE CELL TYPE THAT EXPRESS IT. 3188 01:49:49,240 --> 01:49:51,960 SO THE PAPER AT THE LEFT SHOWS 3189 01:49:51,960 --> 01:49:55,080 HOW THIS APPROACH IN PROTEIN 3190 01:49:55,080 --> 01:49:56,160 IMAGING IS APPLIED IN PET. 3191 01:49:56,160 --> 01:49:59,120 MORE IMPORTANTLY, THE REPORTER 3192 01:49:59,120 --> 01:50:01,320 GENE INTRODUCED IN MULTIVALENT 3193 01:50:01,320 --> 01:50:05,840 REPORTER PROBE THAT BINDS TO -- 3194 01:50:05,840 --> 01:50:12,400 AND IS ALSO EGFP. 3195 01:50:12,400 --> 01:50:13,840 THIS FEATURE COULD BE VERY 3196 01:50:13,840 --> 01:50:17,840 HELPFUL TO THIS CONCEPT FROM -- 3197 01:50:17,840 --> 01:50:21,320 OF TARGETING ENGAGEMENT. 3198 01:50:21,320 --> 01:50:24,560 THE PAPER SHOWS -- WHICH DOES 3199 01:50:24,560 --> 01:50:26,280 NOT REQUIRE -- OF LARGE CHEMICAL 3200 01:50:26,280 --> 01:50:28,480 COMPOUNDS THAT COULD CAUSE 3201 01:50:28,480 --> 01:50:30,560 HEAVY-DUTY CROSSING OF TOXICITY 3202 01:50:30,560 --> 01:50:30,880 CHALLENGES. 3203 01:50:30,880 --> 01:50:37,240 SO ULCERS DEVELOP A MORE COLORED 3204 01:50:37,240 --> 01:50:42,960 APPROACH, SO THE REPORTER PROBE 3205 01:50:42,960 --> 01:50:45,280 INDUCED -- IS -- THEREFORE, ONE 3206 01:50:45,280 --> 01:50:48,600 CAN SIMULTANEOUSLY ACQUIRE 3207 01:50:48,600 --> 01:50:49,480 INFORMATION -- TO TWO DIFFERENT 3208 01:50:49,480 --> 01:50:51,960 TYPE OF GENES. 3209 01:50:51,960 --> 01:50:53,640 THIS MULTIPATH APPROACH MAY 3210 01:50:53,640 --> 01:50:56,920 OFFER SOLUTION IN CASE THAT TWO 3211 01:50:56,920 --> 01:51:05,280 OR MORE MARKER GENES -- AS THE 3212 01:51:05,280 --> 01:51:06,880 PRE -- SLIDE INDICATES. 3213 01:51:06,880 --> 01:51:17,120 THIS SLIDE, THE FEDERALIST -- 3214 01:51:17,120 --> 01:51:18,720 DEMONSTRATE SOME ULTRASOUND 3215 01:51:18,720 --> 01:51:21,400 BASED APPROACHES. 3216 01:51:21,400 --> 01:51:23,720 ULTRASOUND BASED -- FIRST 3217 01:51:23,720 --> 01:51:27,200 DEMONSTRATED PITFALL IN HUMAN IN 3218 01:51:27,200 --> 01:51:28,720 2019, FOUR YEARS AGO, AND IS 3219 01:51:28,720 --> 01:51:32,000 RAPIDLY PROGRESSED TO MANY BRAIN 3220 01:51:32,000 --> 01:51:32,320 TARGETTERS. 3221 01:51:32,320 --> 01:51:35,240 FOR EXAMPLE THE PAPER TO THE 3222 01:51:35,240 --> 01:51:36,680 RIGHT DEMONSTRATE DEEP BRAIN 3223 01:51:36,680 --> 01:51:39,560 TARGETING CAPACITY. 3224 01:51:39,560 --> 01:51:41,280 SO IN ADDITION TO -- OTHER 3225 01:51:41,280 --> 01:51:45,440 APPROACHES ALSO EXIST TO 3226 01:51:45,440 --> 01:51:47,520 CIRCUMVENT OR BECOME A BBB 3227 01:51:47,520 --> 01:51:48,200 CROSSING ISSUE. 3228 01:51:48,200 --> 01:51:49,600 ALL THESE APPROACHES COULD BE 3229 01:51:49,600 --> 01:51:54,000 LEVERAGED TO MITIGATE -- RISK IF 3230 01:51:54,000 --> 01:51:59,320 IT EXISTS. 3231 01:51:59,320 --> 01:52:04,120 SO THIS SLIDE FURTHER LISTS ARE 3232 01:52:04,120 --> 01:52:06,080 EXAMPLES OF SOME OF THE RESEARCH 3233 01:52:06,080 --> 01:52:07,320 ACTIVITIES THAT COULD BENEFIT 3234 01:52:07,320 --> 01:52:08,160 FROM THIS CONCEPT. 3235 01:52:08,160 --> 01:52:14,440 DUE TO SPACE LIMITATION -- NOT 3236 01:52:14,440 --> 01:52:17,240 LISTED HERE OR THIS LONG LIST I 3237 01:52:17,240 --> 01:52:18,440 WANT TO ESPECIALLY EMPHASIZE THE 3238 01:52:18,440 --> 01:52:20,200 FIRST ONE, WHICH IS TO MINE THE 3239 01:52:20,200 --> 01:52:25,400 CELL CENSUS DATA FOR TARGET 3240 01:52:25,400 --> 01:52:26,080 NOMINATION WHICH EFFORT WOULD 3241 01:52:26,080 --> 01:52:27,280 MAKE THE MOST SENSE ONLY IF 3242 01:52:27,280 --> 01:52:28,840 THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT -- AT THE 3243 01:52:28,840 --> 01:52:38,320 FIRST PLACE. 3244 01:52:38,320 --> 01:52:40,960 SO MOLEDULAR IMAGING IS A LRNLG 3245 01:52:40,960 --> 01:52:41,240 FIELD. 3246 01:52:41,240 --> 01:52:42,560 HERE WE PROVIDE THE GUIDELINES 3247 01:52:42,560 --> 01:52:48,880 TO SHARPLY FOCUS -- ACTIVITY -- 3248 01:52:48,880 --> 01:52:51,760 NONINVASIVE IMAGING RESULT. 3249 01:52:51,760 --> 01:52:54,560 -- LOCATION ACCURACY. 3250 01:52:54,560 --> 01:52:58,880 INCLUDING DISEASE MODEL IS 3251 01:52:58,880 --> 01:53:00,120 ALLOWED AND ACTUALLY QUITE 3252 01:53:00,120 --> 01:53:02,680 COMMON IN NONINVASIVE IMAGING 3253 01:53:02,680 --> 01:53:03,640 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT. 3254 01:53:03,640 --> 01:53:05,400 BY PUTTING IT ON THEIR -- LIGHT 3255 01:53:05,400 --> 01:53:07,760 IN A CONTEXT IS RELEVANT TO THIS 3256 01:53:07,760 --> 01:53:10,080 CONCEPT IS NOT ALLOWED. 3257 01:53:10,080 --> 01:53:12,360 SO WITH THIS, I'D LIKE TO STOP 3258 01:53:12,360 --> 01:53:12,760 MY PRESENTATION. 3259 01:53:12,760 --> 01:53:14,360 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION, 3260 01:53:14,360 --> 01:53:15,800 AND I WELCOME IF YOU HAVE ANY 3261 01:53:15,800 --> 01:53:26,200 COMMENT OR QUESTIONS. 3262 01:53:27,800 --> 01:53:30,200 >>WE HAVE TWO DISCUSSANTS. 3263 01:53:30,200 --> 01:53:32,040 BRUCE, DO YOU WANT TO GO FIRST, 3264 01:53:32,040 --> 01:53:34,520 SINCE YOU ARE UNMUTED? 3265 01:53:34,520 --> 01:53:36,040 >>I THINK I'M UNMUTED. 3266 01:53:36,040 --> 01:53:37,880 CAN YOU ALL HEAR ME? 3267 01:53:37,880 --> 01:53:38,360 >>YES. 3268 01:53:38,360 --> 01:53:39,960 >>GREAT, GREAT. 3269 01:53:39,960 --> 01:53:43,240 SO I'LL START SO AS NOT TO BURY 3270 01:53:43,240 --> 01:53:46,160 MY LEAD, I THINK THIS IS A VERY 3271 01:53:46,160 --> 01:53:49,800 EXCITING PROPOSAL, AND I'M VERY 3272 01:53:49,800 --> 01:53:52,000 ENTHUSIASTIC ABOUT THE POTENTIAL 3273 01:53:52,000 --> 01:53:54,240 ALONG EXACTLY THE LINES AND 3274 01:53:54,240 --> 01:53:57,200 DIMENSIONS THAT SHUMIN SO NICELY 3275 01:53:57,200 --> 01:53:59,600 LAID OUT. 3276 01:53:59,600 --> 01:54:01,560 MY VIEW IS THAT PEOPLE ARE 3277 01:54:01,560 --> 01:54:03,920 ALREADY BEGINNING TO, YOU KNOW, 3278 01:54:03,920 --> 01:54:06,040 MINE THE CELL CENSUS DATA AND 3279 01:54:06,040 --> 01:54:09,080 THINK ABOUTITY APPLICATIONS, 3280 01:54:09,080 --> 01:54:10,720 SPECIFICALLY FOR TARGET 3281 01:54:10,720 --> 01:54:13,560 DEVELOPMENT. 3282 01:54:13,560 --> 01:54:14,640 JACOB, FOR EXAMPLE, RECENTLY 3283 01:54:14,640 --> 01:54:16,640 PUBLISHED A PAPER LOOKING FOR 3284 01:54:16,640 --> 01:54:19,320 TARGETS FOR MICROGLIAL ACTIVITY, 3285 01:54:19,320 --> 01:54:21,960 SPECIFICALLY IN HIS CASE IN THE 3286 01:54:21,960 --> 01:54:24,560 CONTEXT OF MICROGLIA ACTIVITY 3287 01:54:24,560 --> 01:54:26,320 UPREGULATED IN THE CONTEXT OF 3288 01:54:26,320 --> 01:54:27,840 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, BUT HE 3289 01:54:27,840 --> 01:54:30,120 STARTED WITH CLOSE TO 500 GENES, 3290 01:54:30,120 --> 01:54:32,120 AND THROUGH GENOMIC TRANSCRIPT 3291 01:54:32,120 --> 01:54:35,560 OMIC AND PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS, 3292 01:54:35,560 --> 01:54:39,320 BASICALLY BROUGHT THAT DOWN TO 3293 01:54:39,320 --> 01:54:40,480 19 POTENTIAL TARGETS. 3294 01:54:40,480 --> 01:54:43,280 THE KEY, OFTEN, IS TO, YOU KNOW, 3295 01:54:43,280 --> 01:54:45,720 COME UP WITH OBJECTIVE CRITERIA 3296 01:54:45,720 --> 01:54:49,280 FOR TARGET PRIORITIZATION. 3297 01:54:49,280 --> 01:54:51,760 INTERESTINGLY IN HIS CASE, 3298 01:54:51,760 --> 01:54:52,760 DRUGGABILITY OF A TARGET WAS 3299 01:54:52,760 --> 01:54:54,880 PART OF THAT CRITERIA, AND EVEN 3300 01:54:54,880 --> 01:54:56,960 WITH THAT AS A CRITERIA, THEY 3301 01:54:56,960 --> 01:54:58,480 STILL WERE ABLE TO COME UP WITH 3302 01:54:58,480 --> 01:55:01,000 CLOSE TO 20 POTENTIAL TARGETS TO 3303 01:55:01,000 --> 01:55:01,520 DEVELOP. 3304 01:55:01,520 --> 01:55:04,560 SO IT CERTAINLY SHOWS THE 3305 01:55:04,560 --> 01:55:06,400 UTILITY AND THE CAPABILITY OF 3306 01:55:06,400 --> 01:55:11,560 MINING THE CELL CENSUS DATA TO 3307 01:55:11,560 --> 01:55:13,480 COME UP WITH THE KIND OF NUMBERS 3308 01:55:13,480 --> 01:55:14,880 YOU WOULD WANT TO HAVE TO 3309 01:55:14,880 --> 01:55:15,840 ACTUALLY DEVELOP AN OVERALL 3310 01:55:15,840 --> 01:55:16,560 PROGRAM. 3311 01:55:16,560 --> 01:55:19,920 I THINK THERE WERE A COUPLE 3312 01:55:19,920 --> 01:55:21,320 IDEAS THAT MAY BE WORTH KIND OF 3313 01:55:21,320 --> 01:55:25,600 HIGHLIGHTING AS WE THINK ABOUT 3314 01:55:25,600 --> 01:55:26,120 ELEMENTS THAT WOULD BE 3315 01:55:26,120 --> 01:55:27,560 CONSIDERED RESPONSIVE TO THIS 3316 01:55:27,560 --> 01:55:28,160 RFA. 3317 01:55:28,160 --> 01:55:29,880 CERTAINLY THE MEASUREMENT NOT 3318 01:55:29,880 --> 01:55:34,400 JUST AT BASELINE LEVELS BUT 3319 01:55:34,400 --> 01:55:35,800 MEASURING CHANGES IN EXPRESSION, 3320 01:55:35,800 --> 01:55:39,360 FOR EXAMPLE, CHANGES IN RESPONSE 3321 01:55:39,360 --> 01:55:40,680 TO BEHAVIORAL STIMULI OR OVER 3322 01:55:40,680 --> 01:55:42,960 THE COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT, I 3323 01:55:42,960 --> 01:55:44,400 THINK WOULD BE ONE DOUGH MANY 3324 01:55:44,400 --> 01:55:50,680 WHICH IS CERTAINLY POSSIBLE TO 3325 01:55:50,680 --> 01:55:51,600 BE FOCUSED ON. 3326 01:55:51,600 --> 01:55:52,680 MEASURING THE FUNCTIONAL STATES 3327 01:55:52,680 --> 01:55:54,480 OF SYSTEMS, IN OTHER WORDS, TO 3328 01:55:54,480 --> 01:55:55,800 TRY TO UNDERSTAND THE LINKAGE 3329 01:55:55,800 --> 01:55:57,040 BETWEEN TRANSCRIPTS AND 3330 01:55:57,040 --> 01:55:57,600 FUNCTIONS. 3331 01:55:57,600 --> 01:55:59,800 FOR EXAMPLE, THAINGS MAY ALLOW 3332 01:55:59,800 --> 01:56:05,880 US TO DIRECTLY MEASURE REACCEPTR 3333 01:56:05,880 --> 01:56:07,200 INTERNALIZATION RATES FOR CELL 3334 01:56:07,200 --> 01:56:10,760 TYPE ARE AN IMPORTANT TYPE OF 3335 01:56:10,760 --> 01:56:12,240 TARGETS AND ALSO CONSIDERED IN 3336 01:56:12,240 --> 01:56:13,560 THIS RESPONSIVE CATEGORY. 3337 01:56:13,560 --> 01:56:15,400 I THINK ANOTHER DOMAIN CERTAINLY 3338 01:56:15,400 --> 01:56:17,120 WHICH WOULD BE EXPLORATORY BUT 3339 01:56:17,120 --> 01:56:18,080 SOMETHING THAT WOULD HAVE A 3340 01:56:18,080 --> 01:56:19,800 TREMENDOUS IMPACT IN THE LONG 3341 01:56:19,800 --> 01:56:23,800 RUN WOULD BE ADVANCES IN 3342 01:56:23,800 --> 01:56:25,840 SECONDARY DETECTION STRATEGIES. 3343 01:56:25,840 --> 01:56:26,920 IN OTHER WORDS, TO TRY TO 3344 01:56:26,920 --> 01:56:29,240 MITIGATE THE SLOW KINETICS OF 3345 01:56:29,240 --> 01:56:32,040 THINGS LIKE ANTIBODIES, YOU 3346 01:56:32,040 --> 01:56:34,680 WOULD LIKE TO BE ABLE TO DEVELOP 3347 01:56:34,680 --> 01:56:36,680 SUBSEQUENT MEASURES THAT COULD 3348 01:56:36,680 --> 01:56:40,760 DETECT THE BINDING OF THOSE MORE 3349 01:56:40,760 --> 01:56:44,440 EFFICIENTLY, WHICH WOULD 3350 01:56:44,440 --> 01:56:46,280 POTENTIALLY REDUCE OR EVEN ON 3351 01:56:46,280 --> 01:56:51,480 VEEOBVIATE THE NEED -- BECAUSE 3352 01:56:51,480 --> 01:56:53,680 THOSE SECONDARY TARGETS COULD BE 3353 01:56:53,680 --> 01:56:56,680 DESIGNED SPECIFICALLY WITH PRO 3354 01:56:56,680 --> 01:56:59,840 BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER -- IN MIND. 3355 01:56:59,840 --> 01:57:01,480 -- TO THIS DETECTION STRATEGY, 3356 01:57:01,480 --> 01:57:03,240 ONE, IT MIGHT ALLOW YOU TO 3357 01:57:03,240 --> 01:57:04,520 DEVELOP MODULARITY OF DETECTION. 3358 01:57:04,520 --> 01:57:07,240 IF WE COULD COME UP WITH A 3359 01:57:07,240 --> 01:57:08,960 SINGLE MODULE, YOU COULD THEN 3360 01:57:08,960 --> 01:57:11,400 HAVE MULTIPLE DIFFERENT READOUTS 3361 01:57:11,400 --> 01:57:13,040 ALL WITH A SINGLE MODULAR 3362 01:57:13,040 --> 01:57:16,200 DETECTION STRATEGY. 3363 01:57:16,200 --> 01:57:18,240 AMPLIFICATION STRATEGIES THAT 3364 01:57:18,240 --> 01:57:20,120 WOULD REALLY ALLOW YOU TO KIND 3365 01:57:20,120 --> 01:57:21,720 OF DEAL WITH WHAT IS PROBABLY 3366 01:57:21,720 --> 01:57:24,600 THE MOST CHALLENGE ELEMENT OF 3367 01:57:24,600 --> 01:57:26,960 THIS, WHICH IS JUST THE LOW 3368 01:57:26,960 --> 01:57:29,200 TARGET DENSITY OF MANY OF THE 3369 01:57:29,200 --> 01:57:30,480 TARGET WE'D WANT TO LOOK AT, SO 3370 01:57:30,480 --> 01:57:33,120 I THINK HAVING SECONDARY 3371 01:57:33,120 --> 01:57:37,680 DETECTION STRATEGIES THAT COULD 3372 01:57:37,680 --> 01:57:39,880 ALLOW US TO AMPLIFY OUR SIGNALS 3373 01:57:39,880 --> 01:57:41,760 THE WAY WE DO IN IN VITRO 3374 01:57:41,760 --> 01:57:43,240 STUDIES COULD BE VERY IMPORTANT, 3375 01:57:43,240 --> 01:57:50,960 AND ALSO, YOU KNOW, USE THE 3376 01:57:50,960 --> 01:57:55,640 ANTIBODY, NANOBODIES FOR SMALL 3377 01:57:55,640 --> 01:57:57,000 MOLECULE DEVELOPMENT WHICH WOULD 3378 01:57:57,000 --> 01:57:58,240 ALLOW US TO BE FOCUSED REALLY ON 3379 01:57:58,240 --> 01:58:00,000 A PLATFORM PERSPECTIVE AND 3380 01:58:00,000 --> 01:58:01,240 THEY'D ALSO BE VERY IMPORTANT 3381 01:58:01,240 --> 01:58:04,440 FOR THIS SECONDARY DETECTION 3382 01:58:04,440 --> 01:58:05,520 STRATEGIES. 3383 01:58:05,520 --> 01:58:06,240 AND THEN MAYBE SOME QUESTIONS 3384 01:58:06,240 --> 01:58:07,560 FOR THE PROGRAM TEAM OR THIS 3385 01:58:07,560 --> 01:58:08,240 GROUP TO CONSIDER. 3386 01:58:08,240 --> 01:58:11,440 YOU KNOW, WHAT EXACTLY ARE THE 3387 01:58:11,440 --> 01:58:12,680 ROLES FOR THE DIFFERENT 3388 01:58:12,680 --> 01:58:14,760 PRE-CLINICAL STUDIES? 3389 01:58:14,760 --> 01:58:16,680 CLEARLY, TECHNOLOGIES THAT MAY 3390 01:58:16,680 --> 01:58:18,520 NOT BE READY FOR HUMANS BUT AT 3391 01:58:18,520 --> 01:58:19,720 LEAST HAVE THE POTENTIAL FOR 3392 01:58:19,720 --> 01:58:21,800 TRANSLATION TO HUMANS. 3393 01:58:21,800 --> 01:58:23,680 I THINK AT LEAST IN MY OWN MIND 3394 01:58:23,680 --> 01:58:26,640 HAVE THE GREATEST -- HAVE AN 3395 01:58:26,640 --> 01:58:31,640 IMPORTANT PRIORITY, SO MAYBE 3396 01:58:31,640 --> 01:58:33,200 FOUR STUDIES NOT QUITE READY FOR 3397 01:58:33,200 --> 01:58:37,680 HUMANS, SOME EFFORT TO SEE THAT 3398 01:58:37,680 --> 01:58:38,440 INVESTIGATORS ARE THINKING ABOUT 3399 01:58:38,440 --> 01:58:39,840 WHAT THE POSSIBILITIES ARE OF 3400 01:58:39,840 --> 01:58:42,080 HUMANS, THINKING ABOUT WHEN WE 3401 01:58:42,080 --> 01:58:43,920 WANT TO DO PRE-CLINICAL STUDIES 3402 01:58:43,920 --> 01:58:49,080 IN TTHIS SETTING WHEN WE HAVE ME 3403 01:58:49,080 --> 01:58:51,000 INVASIVE METHODS THAT WORK VERY 3404 01:58:51,000 --> 01:58:55,760 WELL, SO FOR EXAMPLE, WHAT OF 3405 01:58:55,760 --> 01:58:56,600 THE ROLES FOR DEVELOPING TOOLS 3406 01:58:56,600 --> 01:59:00,000 THAT ARE REALLY DESIGNED FOR, 3407 01:59:00,000 --> 01:59:02,360 SAY, MOUSE STUDIES, YOU KNOW, DO 3408 01:59:02,360 --> 01:59:04,080 WE CONSIDER LONGITUDINAL STUDIES 3409 01:59:04,080 --> 01:59:06,760 TO BE RESPONSIVE IN RODENTS, OR 3410 01:59:06,760 --> 01:59:12,240 ARE WE LOOKING FOR SOMETHING A 3411 01:59:12,240 --> 01:59:14,000 LITTLE CLOSER TOWARD WHAT COULD 3412 01:59:14,000 --> 01:59:14,720 BE TRANSLATED. 3413 01:59:14,720 --> 01:59:16,680 AND THEN MAYBE THE FINAL 3414 01:59:16,680 --> 01:59:18,200 QUESTION, I WAS VERY EXCITED TO 3415 01:59:18,200 --> 01:59:19,680 SEE THE DISCUSSION OF BLOOD 3416 01:59:19,680 --> 01:59:21,320 BRAIN BARRIER OPENING, BUT ONE 3417 01:59:21,320 --> 01:59:23,120 COULD CERTAINLY IMAGINE THAT 3418 01:59:23,120 --> 01:59:24,160 TECHNIQUES, FOR EXAMPLE, 3419 01:59:24,160 --> 01:59:25,600 TARGETING BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER 3420 01:59:25,600 --> 01:59:28,520 OPENING, YOU KNOW, WHILE KIND OF 3421 01:59:28,520 --> 01:59:29,800 CRITICAL ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 3422 01:59:29,800 --> 01:59:30,920 ARE SOMEWHAT DISTINCT FROM 3423 01:59:30,920 --> 01:59:35,160 FINDING THE TARGETS THEMSELVES, 3424 01:59:35,160 --> 01:59:38,760 AND ONE COULD POTENTIALLY 3425 01:59:38,760 --> 01:59:39,360 CONSIDER JUST TARGETING BLOOD 3426 01:59:39,360 --> 01:59:40,640 BRAIN BARRIER OPENING AS AN 3427 01:59:40,640 --> 01:59:43,400 EXAMPLE AS KIND OF THEIR OWN 3428 01:59:43,400 --> 01:59:44,720 THING, BUT YOU KNOW, I THINK 3429 01:59:44,720 --> 01:59:47,880 IT'S A QUESTION WORTH HAVING 3430 01:59:47,880 --> 01:59:50,920 SOME DISCUSSION ON IS WHETHER 3431 01:59:50,920 --> 01:59:52,440 THINGS JUST TARGETING BLOOD 3432 01:59:52,440 --> 01:59:55,000 BRAIN BARRIER OPENING WOULD BE 3433 01:59:55,000 --> 01:59:55,640 CONSIDERING WITHIN THE SCOPE OF 3434 01:59:55,640 --> 01:59:57,680 THIS RFA OR WOULD BE KIND OF A 3435 01:59:57,680 --> 01:59:59,840 COMPONENT WHEN THERE'S A CLEAR 3436 01:59:59,840 --> 02:00:01,840 TARGET THAT THE OPENING OF THE 3437 02:00:01,840 --> 02:00:03,000 BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER WOULD BE 3438 02:00:03,000 --> 02:00:03,520 ENABLING FOR. 3439 02:00:03,520 --> 02:00:04,520 SO THAT'S JUST SOME THOUGHTS 3440 02:00:04,520 --> 02:00:05,360 I'VE HAD. 3441 02:00:05,360 --> 02:00:08,360 I KNOW BRI BRYAN HAS GOT SOME 3442 02:00:08,360 --> 02:00:11,560 THOUGHTS OF HIS OWN. 3443 02:00:11,560 --> 02:00:13,440 >> -- ALL YOU SAID AND I'LL 3444 02:00:13,440 --> 02:00:14,840 TAKE THESE BACK TO THE TASK 3445 02:00:14,840 --> 02:00:16,280 FORCE AND HOPEFULLY THEY CAN 3446 02:00:16,280 --> 02:00:17,720 FLESH IT OUT IN FUTURE 3447 02:00:17,720 --> 02:00:18,080 ENDEAVORS. 3448 02:00:18,080 --> 02:00:18,720 SO THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 3449 02:00:18,720 --> 02:00:19,560 >>OF COURSE. 3450 02:00:19,560 --> 02:00:21,600 AND VERY EXCITING. 3451 02:00:21,600 --> 02:00:22,160 >>THANK YOU. 3452 02:00:22,160 --> 02:00:27,000 >>SO I GUESS I HAVE A COUPLE 3453 02:00:27,000 --> 02:00:32,160 SORT OF FOCUSED QUESTIONS HERE. 3454 02:00:32,160 --> 02:00:34,280 THE FIRST IS WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY 3455 02:00:34,280 --> 02:00:34,800 NONINVASIVE. 3456 02:00:34,800 --> 02:00:38,480 SO THAT WAS NOT CLEAR TO ME, 3457 02:00:38,480 --> 02:00:40,320 BECAUSE TO ME, IF YOU'RE 3458 02:00:40,320 --> 02:00:42,240 INJECTING AAB INTO THE BRAIN, 3459 02:00:42,240 --> 02:00:42,760 THAT'S INVASIVE. 3460 02:00:42,760 --> 02:00:44,480 THAT'S NOT A NONINVASIVE 3461 02:00:44,480 --> 02:00:45,200 APPROACH. 3462 02:00:45,200 --> 02:00:46,520 >>OKAY. 3463 02:00:46,520 --> 02:00:50,280 >>I GUESS PERIPHERAL 3464 02:00:50,280 --> 02:00:51,200 ADMINISTRATION THROUGH, YOU 3465 02:00:51,200 --> 02:00:54,720 KNOW, A BLOOD VESSEL, TAIL VEIN 3466 02:00:54,720 --> 02:00:55,880 OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT IS SORT 3467 02:00:55,880 --> 02:00:57,840 OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE, BUT THOSE 3468 02:00:57,840 --> 02:00:59,760 DON'T SEEM TO BE NONINVASIVE TO 3469 02:00:59,760 --> 02:01:00,040 ME. 3470 02:01:00,040 --> 02:01:06,600 I CAN'T IMAGINE THEM EVER, 3471 02:01:06,600 --> 02:01:08,840 EXCEPT IN THE MOST EXTREME 3472 02:01:08,840 --> 02:01:10,200 CASES, BEING TRANSLATED TO 3473 02:01:10,200 --> 02:01:12,800 HUMANS. 3474 02:01:12,800 --> 02:01:14,240 AND SO IF WE GET SOME 3475 02:01:14,240 --> 02:01:14,840 CLARIFICATION ON THAT. 3476 02:01:14,840 --> 02:01:17,280 >>SO THAT'S ACTUALLY A GOOD 3477 02:01:17,280 --> 02:01:18,920 QUESTION. 3478 02:01:18,920 --> 02:01:21,000 >>I HAVE MORE QUESTIONS. 3479 02:01:21,000 --> 02:01:24,160 >>YEAH, SO JUST VERY QUICKLY, 3480 02:01:24,160 --> 02:01:27,800 NONINVASIVE, IT MEANS THAT 3481 02:01:27,800 --> 02:01:31,760 THE -- APPROACH IS NOT USED. 3482 02:01:31,760 --> 02:01:34,960 >>I'M SURE THAT'S WHAT YOU 3483 02:01:34,960 --> 02:01:35,960 MEANT. 3484 02:01:35,960 --> 02:01:36,160 BUT -- 3485 02:01:36,160 --> 02:01:39,000 >>SO TALKING ABOUT MR, PEOPLE 3486 02:01:39,000 --> 02:01:42,240 ALREADY THINK NONINVASIVE, 3487 02:01:42,240 --> 02:01:43,800 HOWEVER -- INJECTION OF 3488 02:01:43,800 --> 02:01:45,520 GADOLINIUM. 3489 02:01:45,520 --> 02:01:47,920 BUT -- MR IS INVASIVE, SO 3490 02:01:47,920 --> 02:01:49,920 SINGLE -- APPROACH BY ITSELF 3491 02:01:49,920 --> 02:01:50,120 IS -- 3492 02:01:50,120 --> 02:01:52,360 >>YEAH, I -- MY OWN OPINION FOR 3493 02:01:52,360 --> 02:01:57,240 WHAT IT'S WORTH, IF THE ULTIMATE 3494 02:01:57,240 --> 02:02:00,040 GOAL IS TRANSLATION, I DON'T 3495 02:02:00,040 --> 02:02:03,280 THINK VIRALLY MEDIATED GENE 3496 02:02:03,280 --> 02:02:05,440 TRANSDUCTION BY INTRACRANIAL 3497 02:02:05,440 --> 02:02:06,080 ADMINISTRATION IS GOING TO GET 3498 02:02:06,080 --> 02:02:07,880 YOU THERE FOR HUMANS, JUST MY 3499 02:02:07,880 --> 02:02:13,760 OWN OPINION. 3500 02:02:13,760 --> 02:02:20,160 THE OTHER THING TO BE AWARE OF 3501 02:02:20,160 --> 02:02:21,800 IS, IF YOU'RE GOING TO GO AFTER 3502 02:02:21,800 --> 02:02:23,440 A PARTICULAR TARGET IF IT'S A 3503 02:02:23,440 --> 02:02:28,040 PROTEIN TARGET, AND I'VE TALKED 3504 02:02:28,040 --> 02:02:29,280 ABOUT THIS MANY TIMES BEFORE, I 3505 02:02:29,280 --> 02:02:32,800 THINK I'M A BROKEN RECORD ON 3506 02:02:32,800 --> 02:02:36,600 THIS, THAT MRNA DOESN'T REALLY 3507 02:02:36,600 --> 02:02:38,800 MEAN PROTEIN EXPRESSION. 3508 02:02:38,800 --> 02:02:40,240 THERE'S, YOU KNOW, VERY LITTLE 3509 02:02:40,240 --> 02:02:43,000 CORRELATION IN THE BRAIN BETWEEN 3510 02:02:43,000 --> 02:02:45,240 MRNA AND PROTEIN. 3511 02:02:45,240 --> 02:02:49,200 SO IT WOULD BE GOOD TO HAVE, AS 3512 02:02:49,200 --> 02:02:51,800 PART OF YOUR DECISION PROCESS, 3513 02:02:51,800 --> 02:02:54,240 TO VERIFY THAT THE PROTEIN IS 3514 02:02:54,240 --> 02:02:57,040 EXPRESSED AT LEVELS IN THE 3515 02:02:57,040 --> 02:02:59,760 RECEPTOR, IN THE PARTICULAR 3516 02:02:59,760 --> 02:03:01,760 BRAIN AREA OR BRAIN CELL SO THAT 3517 02:03:01,760 --> 02:03:06,280 IT COULD BE DETECTED BY SOME 3518 02:03:06,280 --> 02:03:07,800 TECHNOLOGY. 3519 02:03:07,800 --> 02:03:09,200 >>OKAY. 3520 02:03:09,200 --> 02:03:10,720 GOOD POINT. 3521 02:03:10,720 --> 02:03:13,080 >>AND THE LAST QUESTION IS, I 3522 02:03:13,080 --> 02:03:18,520 WAS THINKING ABOUT THIS VERY 3523 02:03:18,520 --> 02:03:19,800 FIRST EXAMPLE THAT YOU GAVE, 3524 02:03:19,800 --> 02:03:24,600 WHERE DOPAMINE RECEPTOR SUBTYPE 3525 02:03:24,600 --> 02:03:27,160 NEURONS WERE IDENTIFIED BY SOME 3526 02:03:27,160 --> 02:03:28,200 OTHER PROTEIN. 3527 02:03:28,200 --> 02:03:32,040 I FORGET -- I DIDN'T WRITE DOWN 3528 02:03:32,040 --> 02:03:35,960 WHAT IT WAS, BUT HOW WOULD YOU 3529 02:03:35,960 --> 02:03:39,840 IMAGINE THAT SOMEONE COULD 3530 02:03:39,840 --> 02:03:40,360 TARGET THAT? 3531 02:03:40,360 --> 02:03:43,200 I HEARD THE IDEA OF POSSIBLY 3532 02:03:43,200 --> 02:03:45,960 MAKING NANOBODIES OR ANTIBODIES 3533 02:03:45,960 --> 02:03:48,960 AND THEN USING ULTRASOUND TO 3534 02:03:48,960 --> 02:03:50,520 DISRUPT THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER. 3535 02:03:50,520 --> 02:03:55,760 BUT THAT'S NOT GOING TO WORK FOR 3536 02:03:55,760 --> 02:03:56,360 INTRACELLULAR TARGETS BECAUSE 3537 02:03:56,360 --> 02:03:57,640 THEY STILL HAVE TO GET ACROSS 3538 02:03:57,640 --> 02:03:59,280 THE PLASMA MEMBRANE. 3539 02:03:59,280 --> 02:04:03,640 SO IF YOU HAVE A CELL SURFACE 3540 02:04:03,640 --> 02:04:05,480 TARGET, THAT MIGHT BE FINE WITH 3541 02:04:05,480 --> 02:04:07,800 A NANOBODY, BUT NANOBODIES DON'T 3542 02:04:07,800 --> 02:04:09,400 GET ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE, 3543 02:04:09,400 --> 02:04:12,320 SO OPENING THE BLOOD BRAIN 3544 02:04:12,320 --> 02:04:13,720 BARRIER IS -- UNLESS YOU'RE 3545 02:04:13,720 --> 02:04:15,800 DISRUPTING PLASMA MEMBRANES IS 3546 02:04:15,800 --> 02:04:20,640 NOT GOING TO MAKE THIS WIDELY 3547 02:04:20,640 --> 02:04:21,160 APPLICABLE. 3548 02:04:21,160 --> 02:04:23,760 I DON'T THINK. 3549 02:04:23,760 --> 02:04:25,920 >>SO THE TYPICAL APPROACH, I 3550 02:04:25,920 --> 02:04:28,080 THINK, YOU KNOW, I CAN ADDRESS 3551 02:04:28,080 --> 02:04:29,240 YOUR SECOND AND THIRD QUESTION 3552 02:04:29,240 --> 02:04:29,800 ALL TOGETHER. 3553 02:04:29,800 --> 02:04:36,960 THE TYPICAL APPROACH IN THE -- 3554 02:04:36,960 --> 02:04:38,400 TRANSCRIPT TOE MIX. 3555 02:04:38,400 --> 02:04:40,280 THEY ALSO APPLY SOME PROTEOMICS 3556 02:04:40,280 --> 02:04:43,920 AND SOME SURFACE -- PROTEIN 3557 02:04:43,920 --> 02:04:44,400 MARKERS. 3558 02:04:44,400 --> 02:04:54,920 IT'S NOT AS -- BASED -- SO -- 3559 02:04:55,200 --> 02:04:56,560 FOCUS ON GENE, HOW TO TRANSLATE 3560 02:04:56,560 --> 02:05:04,520 THE GENE TO THE -- NONINVASIVE 3561 02:05:04,520 --> 02:05:05,840 IMAGE THROUGH -- IMAGING. 3562 02:05:05,840 --> 02:05:07,840 SO THE IDEA WHEN WE FIRST TARGET 3563 02:05:07,840 --> 02:05:10,760 THE GENE AND THE -- INTRODUCE 3564 02:05:10,760 --> 02:05:14,640 SOME SURFACE PROTEIN ENDOGENOUS, 3565 02:05:14,640 --> 02:05:17,480 OKAY, TO THE CELL, AND THAT CAN 3566 02:05:17,480 --> 02:05:22,240 BE DETECT A SECOND STEP BY USING 3567 02:05:22,240 --> 02:05:24,920 PET OR BY USING MR. 3568 02:05:24,920 --> 02:05:27,360 SO SECOND OR THIRD QUESTION, THE 3569 02:05:27,360 --> 02:05:29,560 CROSS PLASMA, I THINK THAT'S 3570 02:05:29,560 --> 02:05:33,200 ACTUALLY A MAJOR BARRIER FOR THE 3571 02:05:33,200 --> 02:05:34,440 PET IMAGING. 3572 02:05:34,440 --> 02:05:37,680 ALL THE -- TARGET SURFACE 3573 02:05:37,680 --> 02:05:39,480 PROTEIN MARKER, NOT NECESSARILY 3574 02:05:39,480 --> 02:05:41,160 BE MARK ARE FOREMR BASED. 3575 02:05:41,160 --> 02:05:42,160 >>THAT'S NOT TRUE. 3576 02:05:42,160 --> 02:05:42,840 >>OKAY. 3577 02:05:42,840 --> 02:05:46,080 >>THAT IS NOT TRUE. 3578 02:05:46,080 --> 02:05:47,560 >>OKAY. 3579 02:05:47,560 --> 02:05:49,120 >>MOST OF THEM DO, BUT IT'S NOT 3580 02:05:49,120 --> 02:05:50,920 TRUE THAT THEY ALL DO. 3581 02:05:50,920 --> 02:05:52,400 >>YEAH, SO MOST OF THEM 3582 02:05:52,400 --> 02:05:54,400 ACTUALLY TARGET ON THE SURFACE. 3583 02:05:54,400 --> 02:05:57,640 >>YEAH, THE REASON THEY TARGET 3584 02:05:57,640 --> 02:05:58,680 CELL SURFACE PROTEINS IS THOSE 3585 02:05:58,680 --> 02:06:02,000 ARE HIGHLY DRUGGABLE, AND IT'S 3586 02:06:02,000 --> 02:06:04,360 NOT EASY BUT IT'S A RELATIVELY 3587 02:06:04,360 --> 02:06:06,800 STRAIGHTFORWARD PROCESS TO GET A 3588 02:06:06,800 --> 02:06:09,000 PROBE THAT'S SPECIFIC FOR THE 3589 02:06:09,000 --> 02:06:09,760 TARGET. 3590 02:06:09,760 --> 02:06:13,440 SO CELL SURFACE PROTEINS HAVE 3591 02:06:13,440 --> 02:06:14,840 REALLY GOOD POCKETS FOR SMALL 3592 02:06:14,840 --> 02:06:18,320 MOLECULES, SO THEY'RE, YOU KNOW, 3593 02:06:18,320 --> 02:06:20,880 QUITE INTERROGATABLE BY PET OR 3594 02:06:20,880 --> 02:06:21,600 SPECT IMAGING. 3595 02:06:21,600 --> 02:06:22,520 THAT'S THE BASIC REASON. 3596 02:06:22,520 --> 02:06:24,880 AND I GUESS THE QUESTION WAS 3597 02:06:24,880 --> 02:06:27,120 RELATED TO THIS MYSTERY PROTEIN 3598 02:06:27,120 --> 02:06:29,160 IN THE D1 NEURONS. 3599 02:06:29,160 --> 02:06:31,800 I UNDERSTAND HOW YOU MIGHT USE 3600 02:06:31,800 --> 02:06:35,760 REPORTER GENES TO LOOK AT 3601 02:06:35,760 --> 02:06:36,080 TRANSCRIPTS. 3602 02:06:36,080 --> 02:06:37,280 THAT'S NOT GOING TO TELL YOU 3603 02:06:37,280 --> 02:06:37,960 ABOUT THE PROTEIN. 3604 02:06:37,960 --> 02:06:42,000 BUT HOW WOULD YOU TARGET THAT 3605 02:06:42,000 --> 02:06:43,600 PROTEIN, IF THAT WAS THE GOAL IN 3606 02:06:43,600 --> 02:06:45,240 A NONINVASIVE WAY? 3607 02:06:45,240 --> 02:06:46,320 THAT'S THE THING THAT'S VERY 3608 02:06:46,320 --> 02:06:48,880 PUZZLING TO ME. 3609 02:06:48,880 --> 02:06:51,880 >>HOW TO TARGET THE PROTEIN? 3610 02:06:51,880 --> 02:06:54,360 >>YEAH. 3611 02:06:54,360 --> 02:06:59,120 >>THAT'S BASICALLY A QUESTION 3612 02:06:59,120 --> 02:07:01,520 OF THIS MOLECULAR IMAGING, I 3613 02:07:01,520 --> 02:07:01,720 THINK. 3614 02:07:01,720 --> 02:07:04,400 >>YEAH, IT -- 3615 02:07:04,400 --> 02:07:05,680 >>SO BRYAN, IF I CAN STEP IN 3616 02:07:05,680 --> 02:07:06,960 FOR A MINUTE, THESE ARE GREAT 3617 02:07:06,960 --> 02:07:09,280 POINTS AND I THINK THE THING 3618 02:07:09,280 --> 02:07:11,800 THAT I'M TRYING TO KEEP IN MIND 3619 02:07:11,800 --> 02:07:12,920 IS THAT THERE ARE GOING TO BE 3620 02:07:12,920 --> 02:07:15,200 CERTAIN APPROACHES THAT CAN 3621 02:07:15,200 --> 02:07:15,880 DEMONSTRATE CERTAIN KINDS OF 3622 02:07:15,880 --> 02:07:18,040 PROOF OF PRINCIPLE IN THE ANIMAL 3623 02:07:18,040 --> 02:07:19,760 MODELS THAT WON'T BE DIRECTLY 3624 02:07:19,760 --> 02:07:20,640 APPLICABLE TO ALL ASPECTS OF 3625 02:07:20,640 --> 02:07:22,040 WHAT WE EVENTUALLY WILL WANT TO 3626 02:07:22,040 --> 02:07:26,600 BE IN TERMS OF HUMAN -- YOU'RE 3627 02:07:26,600 --> 02:07:28,680 ABSOLUTELY RIGHT, INJECTING AN 3628 02:07:28,680 --> 02:07:30,920 ANIMAL WITH AN AAB IS NOT 3629 02:07:30,920 --> 02:07:31,600 NONINVASIVE, YOU'RE NOT GOING TO 3630 02:07:31,600 --> 02:07:34,120 DO THAT TO HUMAN, OR AT LEAST -- 3631 02:07:34,120 --> 02:07:35,520 WELL, NOT RIGHT NOW, BUT IT 3632 02:07:35,520 --> 02:07:36,240 COULD ESTABLISH WAYS THAT WE 3633 02:07:36,240 --> 02:07:37,440 COULD ACTUALLY GIVE OURSELVES A 3634 02:07:37,440 --> 02:07:39,160 TARGET THAT WOULD ENABLE THE 3635 02:07:39,160 --> 02:07:40,960 DEVELOPMENT OF LIGANDS THAT CAN 3636 02:07:40,960 --> 02:07:42,240 CROSS OVER INTO THE BRAIN FROM 3637 02:07:42,240 --> 02:07:42,800 THE BLOODSTREAM. 3638 02:07:42,800 --> 02:07:44,800 SO IT JUST AN EXAMPLE, RIGHT? 3639 02:07:44,800 --> 02:07:46,760 SO THIS IS JUST TO SET UP A TEST 3640 02:07:46,760 --> 02:07:49,520 BED FOR, SAY, SETTING THE OTHER 3641 02:07:49,520 --> 02:07:51,120 ASPECT, LIGAND ASPECT OF THE 3642 02:07:51,120 --> 02:07:52,440 TARGETING WHILE WE WORK ON 3643 02:07:52,440 --> 02:07:53,960 FINDING THESE TARGETS FROM THE 3644 02:07:53,960 --> 02:07:58,600 CELL CENSUS INFORMATION, AND AS 3645 02:07:58,600 --> 02:08:01,040 SHUMIN MENTIONED,, PART OF IT IS 3646 02:08:01,040 --> 02:08:02,160 STARTING TO PUSH INTO 3647 02:08:02,160 --> 02:08:06,280 PROTEOMICS, IT'S JUST -- IN 3648 02:08:06,280 --> 02:08:07,760 TERMS OF REACHING THE BLOOD 3649 02:08:07,760 --> 02:08:10,400 BRAIN BARRIER, THIS IS THE HOLY 3650 02:08:10,400 --> 02:08:11,720 GRAIL FOR SO MANY THINGS AS YOU 3651 02:08:11,720 --> 02:08:12,400 KNOW. 3652 02:08:12,400 --> 02:08:13,520 FOCUSED ULTRASOUND, IT'S GOING 3653 02:08:13,520 --> 02:08:15,040 TO BE ONE MAYBE TOOL IN THE 3654 02:08:15,040 --> 02:08:16,960 TOOLKIT, BUT AS YOU ALSO KNOW, 3655 02:08:16,960 --> 02:08:17,960 THERE'S DIFFERENT -- THINGS GET 3656 02:08:17,960 --> 02:08:19,280 IN THROUGH DIFFERENT TRANSPORT 3657 02:08:19,280 --> 02:08:21,080 MECHANISMS, NOT JUST BY GETTING 3658 02:08:21,080 --> 02:08:21,680 AROUND THE JUNCTION. 3659 02:08:21,680 --> 02:08:23,040 SO I THINK WE JUST WANT TO LOOK 3660 02:08:23,040 --> 02:08:24,000 AT ALL THESE DIFFERENT 3661 02:08:24,000 --> 02:08:24,880 APPROACHES AND SEE WHAT SHAKES 3662 02:08:24,880 --> 02:08:25,320 OUT. 3663 02:08:25,320 --> 02:08:26,760 IT'S GOING TO BE TO A LARGE 3664 02:08:26,760 --> 02:08:28,120 DEGREE SOME KIND OF A SCREEN AND 3665 02:08:28,120 --> 02:08:30,000 AS YOU ALSO KNOW, NOT EVERYBODY 3666 02:08:30,000 --> 02:08:31,440 MAKES IT THROUGH THE SCREEN AND 3667 02:08:31,440 --> 02:08:34,160 NOT ALL SCREENS SUCCEED, WITH BI 3668 02:08:34,160 --> 02:08:35,640 THINK WE JUST NEED TO FIND A WAY 3669 02:08:35,640 --> 02:08:37,080 TO LEVERAGE THIS HUGE AMOUNT OF 3670 02:08:37,080 --> 02:08:38,400 INFORMATION COMING OUT OF THE 3671 02:08:38,400 --> 02:08:39,760 CELL CENSUS PROJECT TOGETHER 3672 02:08:39,760 --> 02:08:41,360 WITH DEVISING BETTER CHEMISTRY 3673 02:08:41,360 --> 02:08:42,880 SO WE CAN GET BETTER IMAGING 3674 02:08:42,880 --> 02:08:43,440 TOOLS. 3675 02:08:43,440 --> 02:08:44,680 SO ALL THESE POINTS ARE REALLY 3676 02:08:44,680 --> 02:08:45,960 WELL TAKEN. 3677 02:08:45,960 --> 02:08:48,160 I THINK, SHUMIN, WE JUST NEED TO 3678 02:08:48,160 --> 02:08:50,000 BE A LITTLE CLEARER ABOUT WHICH 3679 02:08:50,000 --> 02:08:52,520 PARTS OF THE PROJECT, WHICH 3680 02:08:52,520 --> 02:08:53,920 KINDS OF PROBLEM, THEREFORE, 3681 02:08:53,920 --> 02:08:54,840 SOLUTIONS WE HOPE TO FIND WITH 3682 02:08:54,840 --> 02:08:56,040 DIFFERENT APPROACHES AND NOT TO 3683 02:08:56,040 --> 02:08:57,400 GET THEM CONFUSED TOO MUCH WITH 3684 02:08:57,400 --> 02:08:57,880 EACH OTHER. 3685 02:08:57,880 --> 02:08:59,880 SO I DON'T KNOW IF THAT HELPS 3686 02:08:59,880 --> 02:09:00,640 CLARIFY, BRYAN? 3687 02:09:00,640 --> 02:09:02,360 WE DEFINITELY APPRECIATE THESE 3688 02:09:02,360 --> 02:09:03,560 THOUGHTS AND THEY WILL HELP 3689 02:09:03,560 --> 02:09:04,640 CLARIFY HOW WE APPROACH THIS. 3690 02:09:04,640 --> 02:09:13,960 >>GREAT, THANKS. 3691 02:09:13,960 --> 02:09:20,320 >>THANKS FOR THE DISCUSSION ON 3692 02:09:20,320 --> 02:09:21,200 THIS INTERESTING POTENTIAL 3693 02:09:21,200 --> 02:09:21,480 PROJECT. 3694 02:09:21,480 --> 02:09:22,960 I THINK IT IS REALLY ACTUALLY 3695 02:09:22,960 --> 02:09:24,560 VERY INTRIGUING. 3696 02:09:24,560 --> 02:09:26,040 AND I THINK WE SHOULD THINK 3697 02:09:26,040 --> 02:09:27,960 ABOUT SEPARATING THE IDEA OF 3698 02:09:27,960 --> 02:09:29,280 FUNDAMENTAL OR BASIC SCIENCE 3699 02:09:29,280 --> 02:09:32,520 FROM THE CLINICAL ASPECTS OF IT. 3700 02:09:32,520 --> 02:09:37,840 AND THIS SPEAKS A LITTLE BIT TO 3701 02:09:37,840 --> 02:09:39,280 SOME OF COMMENTS THAT WERE MADE 3702 02:09:39,280 --> 02:09:40,720 A LITTLE BIT EARLIER BY BRUCE. 3703 02:09:40,720 --> 02:09:43,160 I THINK YOU CAN ACTUALLY USE IN 3704 02:09:43,160 --> 02:09:45,920 VITRO MODELS SUCH AS -- CULTURES 3705 02:09:45,920 --> 02:09:47,840 AS OPPOSED TO WORRYING ABOUT 3706 02:09:47,840 --> 02:09:49,080 SCREENING IN VIVO, AT LEAST 3707 02:09:49,080 --> 02:09:51,400 INITIALLY, TO TRY TO LOOK AT 3708 02:09:51,400 --> 02:09:52,960 THOSE MOLECULES THAT MIGHT 3709 02:09:52,960 --> 02:09:54,480 ACTUALLY END UP BEING GOOD CELL 3710 02:09:54,480 --> 02:09:54,800 MARKERS. 3711 02:09:54,800 --> 02:09:59,280 I HAVE TO SAY, I DISAGREE WITH 3712 02:09:59,280 --> 02:10:00,640 BRYAN ON THE BEST CORRELATION OF 3713 02:10:00,640 --> 02:10:03,680 RNA ABUNDANCES WITH PROTEIN 3714 02:10:03,680 --> 02:10:04,200 ABUNDANCES. 3715 02:10:04,200 --> 02:10:06,000 IN MOST CASES THAT WE'VE LOOKED 3716 02:10:06,000 --> 02:10:07,040 AT, THERE'S RELATIVELY GOOD 3717 02:10:07,040 --> 02:10:07,680 CORRELATION. 3718 02:10:07,680 --> 02:10:09,480 IT'S NOT NECESSARILY 1 TO 1, BUT 3719 02:10:09,480 --> 02:10:11,240 AS YOU GET INCREASES IN RNA, YOU 3720 02:10:11,240 --> 02:10:12,480 GENERALLY GET INCREASES IN 3721 02:10:12,480 --> 02:10:14,640 PROTEIN, AND SO ON AND SO FORTH. 3722 02:10:14,640 --> 02:10:16,600 OF COURSE IT'S NOT 1 TO 1 AND 3723 02:10:16,600 --> 02:10:18,840 YOU HAVE TO KEEP THAT IN MIND, 3724 02:10:18,840 --> 02:10:20,720 SO LOOKING FOR PROTEIN MARKERS 3725 02:10:20,720 --> 02:10:21,440 IS APPROPRIATE AS WELL, BUT I 3726 02:10:21,440 --> 02:10:22,720 THINK THE RNA MARKERS ARE NOT A 3727 02:10:22,720 --> 02:10:24,360 BAD WAY OF STARTING TO LOOK AT 3728 02:10:24,360 --> 02:10:26,360 THIS AND TO IDENTIFY TARGETS 3729 02:10:26,360 --> 02:10:27,680 THAT ONE MIGHT WANT TO LOOK AT. 3730 02:10:27,680 --> 02:10:31,760 IN ADDITION TO THIS, THOUGH, I 3731 02:10:31,760 --> 02:10:34,720 THINK THIS IS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR 3732 02:10:34,720 --> 02:10:36,320 ADDITIONAL DISCOVERY, AND I 3733 02:10:36,320 --> 02:10:38,840 THINK LOOKING INTO THE PROTEIN 3734 02:10:38,840 --> 02:10:41,440 MARKERS AND THINGS ON THE CELL 3735 02:10:41,440 --> 02:10:42,640 SURFACE, IT'S PERFECTLY 3736 02:10:42,640 --> 02:10:43,560 REASONABLE TO THINK ABOUT AND 3737 02:10:43,560 --> 02:10:45,320 TRY TO TARGET THE SINGLE CELL 3738 02:10:45,320 --> 02:10:46,400 ANALYSIS THAT'S ALREADY BEEN 3739 02:10:46,400 --> 02:10:47,400 DONE TO IDENTIFY THOSE 3740 02:10:47,400 --> 02:10:48,120 MOLECULES. 3741 02:10:48,120 --> 02:10:49,360 BULL THERE MAY BE AN OPPORTUNITY 3742 02:10:49,360 --> 02:10:52,560 FOR TRYING TO ALSO SCREEN FOR 3743 02:10:52,560 --> 02:10:54,400 RNA ABUNDANCES IN LIVE CELLS. 3744 02:10:54,400 --> 02:10:56,280 NOT JUST LOOKING AT PROTEIN AND 3745 02:10:56,280 --> 02:11:00,920 BINDING OF ANTIBODIES AND 3746 02:11:00,920 --> 02:11:03,920 ANTIBODIES TO CELL SURFACE 3747 02:11:03,920 --> 02:11:06,320 MARKER, BUT TRYING TO GET 3748 02:11:06,320 --> 02:11:08,000 MOLECULES INSIDE CELLS AS 3749 02:11:08,000 --> 02:11:12,600 POTENTIAL MARKERS OF CELL 3750 02:11:12,600 --> 02:11:13,120 FUNCTION, OBVIOUSLY WE'RE 3751 02:11:13,120 --> 02:11:14,040 TALKING ABOUT THAT IN TERMS OF 3752 02:11:14,040 --> 02:11:17,640 SOME OF THE CALCIUM IMAGING 3753 02:11:17,640 --> 02:11:19,040 MODALITIES EARLIER, BUT IN TERMS 3754 02:11:19,040 --> 02:11:22,080 OF LOOKING AT THE CELL 3755 02:11:22,080 --> 02:11:22,680 NON-INVASIVELY, THERE MAY BE 3756 02:11:22,680 --> 02:11:26,320 SOME WAYS OF TRYING TO DO THIS 3757 02:11:26,320 --> 02:11:27,440 WITH NEUROTECHNOLOGIES, AND 3758 02:11:27,440 --> 02:11:28,720 USING THIS AS A FOCAL POINT TO 3759 02:11:28,720 --> 02:11:29,720 TRY TO DEVELOP THOSE 3760 02:11:29,720 --> 02:11:30,720 TECHNOLOGIES TO LOOK AT THOSE 3761 02:11:30,720 --> 02:11:32,760 RNAs THAT ARE DIFFERENT BASED 3762 02:11:32,760 --> 02:11:35,760 UPON SINGLE CELL 3763 02:11:35,760 --> 02:11:36,560 TRANSCRIPTOMICS, AND I THINK 3764 02:11:36,560 --> 02:11:37,760 THAT'S NOT A BAD WAY TO SORT OF 3765 02:11:37,760 --> 02:11:41,160 THINK ABOUT THIS. 3766 02:11:41,160 --> 02:11:43,480 SO I AM SORT OF OKAY WITH THIS. 3767 02:11:43,480 --> 02:11:46,800 THERE ARE A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT 3768 02:11:46,800 --> 02:11:50,560 ISSUES, AND NOW THE RANGE OF 3769 02:11:50,560 --> 02:11:51,640 SENSITIVITY THAT YOU'RE GOING TO 3770 02:11:51,640 --> 02:11:52,800 HAVE, BRUCE TALKED ABOUT 3771 02:11:52,800 --> 02:11:53,360 AMPLIFICATION. 3772 02:11:53,360 --> 02:11:54,240 I THINK IT'S A GREAT THING TO 3773 02:11:54,240 --> 02:11:55,760 THINK ABOUT, ANOTHER AREA OF 3774 02:11:55,760 --> 02:11:57,600 DISCOVERY WITH RESPECT TO THIS 3775 02:11:57,600 --> 02:11:58,280 PARTICULAR RFA. 3776 02:11:58,280 --> 02:11:59,280 THERE ARE A NUMBER OF THINGS 3777 02:11:59,280 --> 02:12:00,680 YOU'RE GOING TO HAVE TO SORT OF 3778 02:12:00,680 --> 02:12:01,000 THINK ABOUT. 3779 02:12:01,000 --> 02:12:02,760 A LOT OF TRANSCRIPTOMICS DATA 3780 02:12:02,760 --> 02:12:03,880 THAT'S BEEN GENERATED IS 3781 02:12:03,880 --> 02:12:05,200 CONSTRAINED BY THE TIME IT WAS 3782 02:12:05,200 --> 02:12:05,960 GENERATED. 3783 02:12:05,960 --> 02:12:08,680 THERE'S NOT A LOT OF TIME COURSE 3784 02:12:08,680 --> 02:12:09,760 STUDIES FOR A LOT OF THE CELL 3785 02:12:09,760 --> 02:12:11,360 TYPES YOU MIGHT BE INTERESTED IN 3786 02:12:11,360 --> 02:12:11,800 TARGETING. 3787 02:12:11,800 --> 02:12:14,280 OF COURSE TIME COURSE CHANGES 3788 02:12:14,280 --> 02:12:15,560 AND RNA ABUNDANCES ARE 3789 02:12:15,560 --> 02:12:16,880 WELL-KNOWN AND PROTEIN 3790 02:12:16,880 --> 02:12:17,800 ABUNDANCES ARE WELL-KNOWN, SO 3791 02:12:17,800 --> 02:12:19,240 THERE ARE A NUMBER OF THINGS 3792 02:12:19,240 --> 02:12:20,480 LIKE THAT THAT I THINK YOU HAVE 3793 02:12:20,480 --> 02:12:22,280 TO KEEP IN MIND, BUT I THINK 3794 02:12:22,280 --> 02:12:23,120 IT'S AN OPPORTUNITY FOR 3795 02:12:23,120 --> 02:12:24,680 DISCOVERY IN A FOCUS AREA WHERE 3796 02:12:24,680 --> 02:12:26,840 THE GOAL IS TO TRY TO DO 3797 02:12:26,840 --> 02:12:28,840 NONINVASIVE IMAGING IN REALTIME. 3798 02:12:28,840 --> 02:12:32,160 SO I GUESS I'M HAPPIER ABOUT 3799 02:12:32,160 --> 02:12:34,400 THIS, I THINK, THAN PERHAPS 3800 02:12:34,400 --> 02:12:38,200 BRYAN IS. 3801 02:12:38,200 --> 02:12:39,760 >>THANK YOU, JAMES. 3802 02:12:39,760 --> 02:12:42,360 >>I DIDN'T SAY I WAS UNHAPPY. 3803 02:12:42,360 --> 02:12:43,960 THESE WERE -- I'M ALWAYS HAPPY 3804 02:12:43,960 --> 02:12:51,000 TO GET IMAGING IN THE BRAIN. 3805 02:12:51,000 --> 02:12:52,440 BUT I DID HAVE SOME QUESTIONS. 3806 02:12:52,440 --> 02:12:53,920 SO THOSE ARE -- I WOULD SAY 3807 02:12:53,920 --> 02:12:55,240 THOSE ARE MORE QUESTIONS THAN 3808 02:12:55,240 --> 02:12:55,800 CRITIQUES. 3809 02:12:55,800 --> 02:12:57,480 >>NO, I MEAN, TO BE CLEAR, 3810 02:12:57,480 --> 02:12:59,400 LISTEN, THERE'S A REASON WHY WE 3811 02:12:59,400 --> 02:13:00,480 ARE PRESENTING THIS TO YOU FOLKS 3812 02:13:00,480 --> 02:13:02,120 AND THERE'S A REASON WHY WE 3813 02:13:02,120 --> 02:13:03,480 ASKED YOU TO WEIGH IN. 3814 02:13:03,480 --> 02:13:05,120 THIS IS INPUT THAT IS GREAT, 3815 02:13:05,120 --> 02:13:06,320 BECAUSE SOME OF THESE ISSUES, 3816 02:13:06,320 --> 02:13:07,720 WE'VE BEEN TALKING ABOUT, AND 3817 02:13:07,720 --> 02:13:09,600 SOME OF THEM, WE HAVEN'T BEEN 3818 02:13:09,600 --> 02:13:10,600 TALKING ABOUT PERHAPS AS MUCH AS 3819 02:13:10,600 --> 02:13:11,160 WE SHOULD HAVE BEEN. 3820 02:13:11,160 --> 02:13:13,080 SO YOU KNOW, ANYTHING WE CAN DO 3821 02:13:13,080 --> 02:13:15,160 TO GET MORE CLARITY AND TO MAKE 3822 02:13:15,160 --> 02:13:16,840 SURE THAT THIS HAS THE MOST 3823 02:13:16,840 --> 02:13:18,560 IMPACT AS POSSIBLE, THIS IS WHY 3824 02:13:18,560 --> 02:13:19,040 WE'RE HERE. 3825 02:13:19,040 --> 02:13:21,640 SO PLEASE, NOBODY APOLOGIZE FOR 3826 02:13:21,640 --> 02:13:22,920 GIVING US REASON TO THINK ABOUT 3827 02:13:22,920 --> 02:13:25,000 IT HARDER AND BETTER. 3828 02:13:25,000 --> 02:13:30,440 SORRY, I SEE -- TED AND WALTER. 3829 02:13:30,440 --> 02:13:31,520 >>HI. 3830 02:13:31,520 --> 02:13:32,720 THANKS A LOT, SHUMIN. 3831 02:13:32,720 --> 02:13:33,480 IT'S A VERY INTERESTING 3832 02:13:33,480 --> 02:13:33,800 DISCUSSION. 3833 02:13:33,800 --> 02:13:35,360 I THINK IT'S A VERY IMPORTANT 3834 02:13:35,360 --> 02:13:36,840 AND CHALLENGING PROBLEM THAT 3835 02:13:36,840 --> 02:13:38,120 PEOPLE HAVE BEEN WORKING ON FOR 3836 02:13:38,120 --> 02:13:38,880 QUITE SOME TIME. 3837 02:13:38,880 --> 02:13:40,120 SO IT WOULD BE GREAT IF WE COULD 3838 02:13:40,120 --> 02:13:41,280 FIND A WAY TO CRACK IT. 3839 02:13:41,280 --> 02:13:42,720 THE ONE THING THAT I JUST WANTED 3840 02:13:42,720 --> 02:13:44,600 TO SORT OF POINT OUT IS THAT 3841 02:13:44,600 --> 02:13:46,000 WE -- IT IS REALLY -- IT'S 3842 02:13:46,000 --> 02:13:47,640 SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT IN THE 3843 02:13:47,640 --> 02:13:51,280 BRAIN CENSUS DATA WHERE AT LEAST 3844 02:13:51,280 --> 02:13:52,280 THE MAJORITY OF THE DATA THAT IS 3845 02:13:52,280 --> 02:13:53,840 AVAILABLE NOW IS REALLY DATA AT 3846 02:13:53,840 --> 02:13:56,680 RESTING STATE OR SOME SORT OF A 3847 02:13:56,680 --> 02:13:58,120 BASELINE, AND THERE'S VERY -- 3848 02:13:58,120 --> 02:13:59,520 THERE'S MUCH FEWER DATA LOOKING 3849 02:13:59,520 --> 02:14:01,200 AT CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION. 3850 02:14:01,200 --> 02:14:02,440 AND I THINK A LOT OF WHAT YOU 3851 02:14:02,440 --> 02:14:04,480 MIGHT WANT TO IMAGE ARE THE 3852 02:14:04,480 --> 02:14:05,600 CHANGES, AND YOU COULD ALSO -- 3853 02:14:05,600 --> 02:14:07,240 YOU COULD SORT OF MAKE AN 3854 02:14:07,240 --> 02:14:08,480 ARGUMENT THAT WHAT MATTERS MOST 3855 02:14:08,480 --> 02:14:09,000 ARE THE CHANGES. 3856 02:14:09,000 --> 02:14:11,080 I MEAN, WE OBVIOUSLY NEED TO 3857 02:14:11,080 --> 02:14:12,440 KNOW CELL TYPES, I'M NOT SAYING 3858 02:14:12,440 --> 02:14:15,320 THAT, BUT I THINK WE'RE MISSING 3859 02:14:15,320 --> 02:14:17,320 SOME FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE HERE 3860 02:14:17,320 --> 02:14:19,440 CHARACTERIZING THE CHANGES AT 3861 02:14:19,440 --> 02:14:21,120 THE LEVEL OF THE CENSUS DATA, 3862 02:14:21,120 --> 02:14:24,320 THE CELL CENSUS DATA. 3863 02:14:24,320 --> 02:14:25,520 WHICH IS WHAT'S KIND OF NEEDED 3864 02:14:25,520 --> 02:14:27,640 TO REALLY INFORM THE CHOICE OF 3865 02:14:27,640 --> 02:14:29,600 THESE KINDS OF MARKERS. 3866 02:14:29,600 --> 02:14:31,440 WE'RE KIND OF USING OLD MARKERS 3867 02:14:31,440 --> 02:14:34,840 THAT ARE VERY EFFECTIVE, BUT 3868 02:14:34,840 --> 02:14:37,440 THEY'RE BASED ON OLDER STUDIES, 3869 02:14:37,440 --> 02:14:39,040 NOT NECESSARILY BRAIN-WIDE OR 3870 02:14:39,040 --> 02:14:40,800 THE MORE SEQUENCING APPROACHES. 3871 02:14:40,800 --> 02:14:44,080 >>TED, THAT'S A GREAT POINT. 3872 02:14:44,080 --> 02:14:46,120 I THINK OF ALL THE IMAGING 3873 02:14:46,120 --> 02:14:48,120 BIOMARKERS, WE LOOK AT CHANGING 3874 02:14:48,120 --> 02:14:50,280 SOMETHING, SOME ASPECT. 3875 02:14:50,280 --> 02:14:52,360 BUT THE FIRST STEP IS TO BE ABLE 3876 02:14:52,360 --> 02:14:55,760 TO IDENTIFY THE CELL TYPE, AND 3877 02:14:55,760 --> 02:14:57,480 BASED ON THE IMAGE, QUANTIFY 3878 02:14:57,480 --> 02:14:57,720 CHANGES. 3879 02:14:57,720 --> 02:14:59,080 THAT WOULD BE THE NEXT STEP. 3880 02:14:59,080 --> 02:15:02,000 AND ALSO THIS CONCEPT IS BASED 3881 02:15:02,000 --> 02:15:05,000 ON THE CURRENT STATUS -- I THINK 3882 02:15:05,000 --> 02:15:06,520 A LOGICAL FIRST STEP TO JUST BE 3883 02:15:06,520 --> 02:15:11,160 ABLE TO MAP THEM OUT, TELL THE 3884 02:15:11,160 --> 02:15:13,680 TYPE OR SUBTYPE, THEN IN THE 3885 02:15:13,680 --> 02:15:15,280 FUTURE, WE TOTALLY AGREE -- 3886 02:15:15,280 --> 02:15:17,880 CHANGING LEVELS WILL BE MOST 3887 02:15:17,880 --> 02:15:18,200 SIGNIFICANT. 3888 02:15:18,200 --> 02:15:19,480 >>IF I CAN JUST ADD ON THAT 3889 02:15:19,480 --> 02:15:21,000 REAL QUICKLY, TED, THAT'S A 3890 02:15:21,000 --> 02:15:21,680 GREAT POINT. 3891 02:15:21,680 --> 02:15:23,720 I THINK WE NEED TO START ON A 3892 02:15:23,720 --> 02:15:24,520 BASELINE. 3893 02:15:24,520 --> 02:15:26,040 THAT SAID, THERE IS QUITE A BIT 3894 02:15:26,040 --> 02:15:28,360 OF WORK BEING DONE TO PROFILE 3895 02:15:28,360 --> 02:15:31,160 DIFFERENT -- TO PROFILE 3896 02:15:31,160 --> 02:15:32,360 MICROGLIA IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF 3897 02:15:32,360 --> 02:15:33,440 REACTIVITY, INFLAMMATION, ALSO 3898 02:15:33,440 --> 02:15:34,720 IN DIFFERENT BRAIN AREAS. 3899 02:15:34,720 --> 02:15:35,840 NOW THERE'S BEEN SOME ISSUES 3900 02:15:35,840 --> 02:15:38,280 WITH SOME OF THOSE DATA. 3901 02:15:38,280 --> 02:15:39,640 THAT WILL GET CLEARED UP. 3902 02:15:39,640 --> 02:15:40,960 SO I THINK THIS IS THE START. 3903 02:15:40,960 --> 02:15:45,240 THE DATA ON THE TRANSCRIPTOMIC 3904 02:15:45,240 --> 02:15:46,960 AND HOPEFULLY PROTEOMIC CELL 3905 02:15:46,960 --> 02:15:48,000 TYPES IN THESE DIFFERENT STATES 3906 02:15:48,000 --> 02:15:49,200 WILL START COMING OUT AND IT'S 3907 02:15:49,200 --> 02:15:50,680 REALLY GOING TO BE UP TO 3908 02:15:50,680 --> 02:15:52,040 INVESTIGATORS THAT ARE COMING 3909 02:15:52,040 --> 02:15:54,120 INTO THESE HYPOTHETICAL RFAs, 3910 02:15:54,120 --> 02:15:55,520 RIGHT, TO KIND OF COME UP WITH 3911 02:15:55,520 --> 02:15:56,880 CREATIVE APPROACHES THAT WILL 3912 02:15:56,880 --> 02:15:58,400 LET US GET AT THOSE KINDS OF 3913 02:15:58,400 --> 02:15:59,080 QUESTIONS. 3914 02:15:59,080 --> 02:16:00,800 SO I THINK THE DOOR IS GOING TO 3915 02:16:00,800 --> 02:16:01,760 BE WIDE OPEN. 3916 02:16:01,760 --> 02:16:02,960 IT'S JUST A MATTER OF WHAT DATA 3917 02:16:02,960 --> 02:16:09,920 WE'LL HAVE TO WORK WITH ON THAT. 3918 02:16:09,920 --> 02:16:13,640 >>I'D ALSO LIKE TO PROBABLY -- 3919 02:16:13,640 --> 02:16:16,400 CELL TYPE SPECIFIC IMAGING. 3920 02:16:16,400 --> 02:16:19,680 WE HAVE -- DISCUSSION IN 3921 02:16:19,680 --> 02:16:21,560 WORKSHOP TWO YEARS AGO. 3922 02:16:21,560 --> 02:16:22,880 -- RESPONSE FROM THE -- 3923 02:16:22,880 --> 02:16:23,320 COMMUNITY. 3924 02:16:23,320 --> 02:16:27,160 TELL US THE SURFACE PROTEIN 3925 02:16:27,160 --> 02:16:28,720 BIOMARKER DEVELOP -- FOR YOU. 3926 02:16:28,720 --> 02:16:33,640 SO THAT'S -- MOST OF THEM 3927 02:16:33,640 --> 02:16:37,360 ACTUALLY TRANSCRIPTOMICS, NOT -- 3928 02:16:37,360 --> 02:16:38,720 SO ASK WHERE THIS CONCEPT COME 3929 02:16:38,720 --> 02:16:39,360 FROM. 3930 02:16:39,360 --> 02:16:41,560 SO WE THINK THE -- FIRST STEP TO 3931 02:16:41,560 --> 02:16:43,920 DO SOME KIND OF REPORTER GENES 3932 02:16:43,920 --> 02:16:46,200 TO TRY DIFFERENT GENE TO SURFACE 3933 02:16:46,200 --> 02:16:48,840 PROTEIN BIOMARKERS THAN FOR 3934 02:16:48,840 --> 02:16:57,880 THE -- EASILY -- NEXT STEP. 3935 02:16:57,880 --> 02:16:59,600 >>WALTER, I JUST WOULD LIKE TO 3936 02:16:59,600 --> 02:17:01,920 REMIND PEOPLE THAT WE'RE OVER 3937 02:17:01,920 --> 02:17:03,320 AND I THINK I'D LIKE TO TRY TO 3938 02:17:03,320 --> 02:17:04,680 STOP THIS DISCUSSION AT 2:30 AND 3939 02:17:04,680 --> 02:17:06,240 THEN WE CAN START A HALF-HOUR 3940 02:17:06,240 --> 02:17:07,920 LATER FOR THE CLOSED SESSION. 3941 02:17:07,920 --> 02:17:10,880 BUT BRYAN, I KNOW YOU ALSO NEED 3942 02:17:10,880 --> 02:17:12,560 TO ABSOLUTELY BE GONE BY 2:30, 3943 02:17:12,560 --> 02:17:13,200 SO IS THERE ANYTHING ELSE THAT 3944 02:17:13,200 --> 02:17:14,560 YOU WANTED TO SAY BEFORE WALTER 3945 02:17:14,560 --> 02:17:16,480 AND JAMES MAKE A COMMENT? 3946 02:17:16,480 --> 02:17:18,560 >>NO, I DON'T HAVE ANYTHING TO 3947 02:17:18,560 --> 02:17:18,880 SAY. 3948 02:17:18,880 --> 02:17:21,040 I JUST WANT TO -- I WANT TO 3949 02:17:21,040 --> 02:17:22,120 EMPHASIZE, I THINK THIS IS A 3950 02:17:22,120 --> 02:17:26,000 REALLY INTERESTING PROGRAM. 3951 02:17:26,000 --> 02:17:28,880 I WAS ASKED TO GIVE COMMENTS. 3952 02:17:28,880 --> 02:17:30,480 >>AND WE APPRECIATE THIS. 3953 02:17:30,480 --> 02:17:31,480 >>LISTEN, WE APPRECIATE IT. 3954 02:17:31,480 --> 02:17:31,880 THIS IS GREAT. 3955 02:17:31,880 --> 02:17:34,000 I MEAN, THIS IS -- THIS IS WHAT 3956 02:17:34,000 --> 02:17:37,720 WE WANT, ABSOLUTELY. 3957 02:17:37,720 --> 02:17:39,320 AND HOPEFULLY YOU'LL BE SEEING 3958 02:17:39,320 --> 02:17:40,240 MORE OF IT AND HAVE AN 3959 02:17:40,240 --> 02:17:41,000 OPPORTUNITY TO STEER US THROUGH 3960 02:17:41,000 --> 02:17:42,680 IT ONCE WE GET IT OFF THE 3961 02:17:42,680 --> 02:17:42,920 GROUND. 3962 02:17:42,920 --> 02:17:45,560 >>BRYAN, CAN I ASK YOU A 3963 02:17:45,560 --> 02:17:46,480 QUESTION BEFORE YOU LEAVE? 3964 02:17:46,480 --> 02:17:47,200 >>GO AHEAD. 3965 02:17:47,200 --> 02:17:50,280 >>SO YEAH, THIS IS NOT FOR THE 3966 02:17:50,280 --> 02:17:51,400 FAINT OF HEART. 3967 02:17:51,400 --> 02:17:53,560 >>NO. 3968 02:17:53,560 --> 02:17:56,800 >>BUT I THINK BRYAN KNOWS THIS. 3969 02:17:56,800 --> 02:18:00,080 MY QUESTION IS, WHO -- IF YOU'RE 3970 02:18:00,080 --> 02:18:01,520 GOING TO DO THIS, WHO ARE THE 3971 02:18:01,520 --> 02:18:04,440 BEST PEOPLE TO GET TOGETHER TO 3972 02:18:04,440 --> 02:18:05,680 DO IT? 3973 02:18:05,680 --> 02:18:11,120 WHAT I KNOW IS, THE BEST RADIO 3974 02:18:11,120 --> 02:18:12,320 LIGANDS ARE IN THE INDUSTRY AND 3975 02:18:12,320 --> 02:18:15,960 THE THIF THINK THE INDUSTRY PEOE 3976 02:18:15,960 --> 02:18:17,040 MIGHT BE REALLY INTERESTED IN 3977 02:18:17,040 --> 02:18:17,360 THIS. 3978 02:18:17,360 --> 02:18:18,960 BUT I DON'T KNOW IF YOU'VE HAD 3979 02:18:18,960 --> 02:18:20,680 CONTACT WITH INDUSTRY FOLKS, OR 3980 02:18:20,680 --> 02:18:21,400 BRUCE. 3981 02:18:21,400 --> 02:18:25,160 I ACTUALLY BROUGHT THIS UP TO 3982 02:18:25,160 --> 02:18:27,240 THE HEAD OF LILY. 3983 02:18:27,240 --> 02:18:28,840 YEARS AGO, WE TALKED ABOUT DOING 3984 02:18:28,840 --> 02:18:29,560 THIS. 3985 02:18:29,560 --> 02:18:30,760 >>YEAH, THE PROBLEM IS THAT 3986 02:18:30,760 --> 02:18:32,880 MOST OF THE COMPANIES HAVE GOT 3987 02:18:32,880 --> 02:18:34,880 OUT OF CNS. 3988 02:18:34,880 --> 02:18:36,120 EXCEPT FOR MAYBE ALZHEIMER'S 3989 02:18:36,120 --> 02:18:38,520 DISEASE. 3990 02:18:38,520 --> 02:18:42,560 AND SO A LOT OF THE REALLY GOOD 3991 02:18:42,560 --> 02:18:47,400 CNS CHEMISTS ARE GONE. 3992 02:18:47,400 --> 02:18:51,400 BUT JACOB HOOKER, SO I KNOW 3993 02:18:51,400 --> 02:18:54,440 JACOB VERY WELL, HE'S AN 3994 02:18:54,440 --> 02:18:56,400 EXTREMELY INNOVATIVE PERSON, AND 3995 02:18:56,400 --> 02:19:00,480 I WOULD TAP INTO HIM TO GET WHO 3996 02:19:00,480 --> 02:19:02,920 HE WOULD THINK WOULD BE GOOD 3997 02:19:02,920 --> 02:19:05,360 PEOPLE TO DISCUSS THIS OR GET 3998 02:19:05,360 --> 02:19:06,320 INVOLVED IN THIS. 3999 02:19:06,320 --> 02:19:07,640 >>BRYAN, I'VE GOT A QUICK 4000 02:19:07,640 --> 02:19:09,080 QUESTION FOR YOU ON WALTER'S 4001 02:19:09,080 --> 02:19:10,240 POINT. 4002 02:19:10,240 --> 02:19:11,920 I'VE ALSO THOUGHT FOR YEARS, I 4003 02:19:11,920 --> 02:19:13,120 MEAN, INDUSTRY IS SITTING ON 4004 02:19:13,120 --> 02:19:15,160 THESE HUGE LIBRARIES OF 4005 02:19:15,160 --> 02:19:18,720 COMPOUNDS THAT FAILED AS DRUGS 4006 02:19:18,720 --> 02:19:19,960 BUT MIGHT HAVE VERY INTERESTING 4007 02:19:19,960 --> 02:19:21,960 PROPERTIES FROM AN IMAGING 4008 02:19:21,960 --> 02:19:22,360 STANDPOINT. 4009 02:19:22,360 --> 02:19:25,240 BUT OF COURSE THE COMPANIES WERE 4010 02:19:25,240 --> 02:19:26,560 RELUCTANT TO KIND OF RELEASE 4011 02:19:26,560 --> 02:19:26,800 THEM. 4012 02:19:26,800 --> 02:19:27,840 IS THE FACT THAT MANY OF THESE 4013 02:19:27,840 --> 02:19:32,320 COMPANIES ARE KIND OF OUT OF THE 4014 02:19:32,320 --> 02:19:33,800 NEURAL BUSINESS, DOES THAT OPEN 4015 02:19:33,800 --> 02:19:35,320 UP THEIR WILLINGNESS TO 4016 02:19:35,320 --> 02:19:37,320 POTENTIALLY PARTICIPATE AND YOU 4017 02:19:37,320 --> 02:19:40,080 KNOW, GIVE ACCESS TO THEIR 4018 02:19:40,080 --> 02:19:41,480 LIBRARIES FOR EXPLORATION FOR 4019 02:19:41,480 --> 02:19:42,920 THIS SETTING OUTSIDE THE 4020 02:19:42,920 --> 02:19:43,680 THERAPEUTIC SETTING? 4021 02:19:43,680 --> 02:19:48,160 >>IN MY EXPERIENCE, NO. 4022 02:19:48,160 --> 02:19:50,480 BUT WHAT WE DO IS WE JUST MINE 4023 02:19:50,480 --> 02:19:51,720 THE PATENT DATABASE. 4024 02:19:51,720 --> 02:19:54,720 SO MOST OF THE COMPOUNDS WILL BE 4025 02:19:54,720 --> 02:19:56,080 IN THE -- MOST OF THE GOOD 4026 02:19:56,080 --> 02:19:58,160 COMPOUNDS WILL BE IN THE PATENT 4027 02:19:58,160 --> 02:19:58,480 LITERATURE. 4028 02:19:58,480 --> 02:20:00,400 IT JUST A MATTER OF UBERING 4029 02:20:00,400 --> 02:20:00,960 THOSE UP. 4030 02:20:00,960 --> 02:20:01,920 SO I HAVE TO GO. 4031 02:20:01,920 --> 02:20:02,480 THANKS, BYE. 4032 02:20:02,480 --> 02:20:04,080 >>THANKS, BRYAN. 4033 02:20:04,080 --> 02:20:06,200 >>YOU KNOW, WE'LL NEED TO THINK 4034 02:20:06,200 --> 02:20:07,560 ABOUT WAYS OF GET BEING THE WORD 4035 02:20:07,560 --> 02:20:09,640 OUT AND ENGAGING FOLKS THAT 4036 02:20:09,640 --> 02:20:10,640 HAVEN'T BEEN IN THE GAME. 4037 02:20:10,640 --> 02:20:13,360 I THINK BEYOND, YOU KNOW, THIS 4038 02:20:13,360 --> 02:20:15,000 PET IMAGING LIGAND SPACE, 4039 02:20:15,000 --> 02:20:15,880 THERE'S A LOT OF OTHER STUFF 4040 02:20:15,880 --> 02:20:19,520 GOING ON IN TERMS OF DEVELOPING 4041 02:20:19,520 --> 02:20:21,120 DIFFERENT REACTIVE COMPOUNDS, 4042 02:20:21,120 --> 02:20:22,920 AND PRODUCTS, THAT WE CAN AT 4043 02:20:22,920 --> 02:20:27,200 LEAST USE FOR THE ANIMAL MODEL 4044 02:20:27,200 --> 02:20:28,320 ESTABLISH A VALIDATION. 4045 02:20:28,320 --> 02:20:30,960 THERE'S ALL KINDS OF TRICKY WAYS 4046 02:20:30,960 --> 02:20:32,160 OF -- PROTEINS AND PUTTING 4047 02:20:32,160 --> 02:20:34,040 CHEMICALS ON AND OFF THEM AND 4048 02:20:34,040 --> 02:20:35,800 DOING SO IN TIME SEQUENCE WAYS 4049 02:20:35,800 --> 02:20:36,800 AND ALL KINDS OF STUFF, SO WE'RE 4050 02:20:36,800 --> 02:20:38,320 HOPING THAT COMBINING THOSE 4051 02:20:38,320 --> 02:20:39,640 KINDS OF INNOVATIONS TOGETHER 4052 02:20:39,640 --> 02:20:42,840 WITH THE CELL CENSUS TOGETHER 4053 02:20:42,840 --> 02:20:44,800 WITH SOME CLEVER CHEMISTRY, WE 4054 02:20:44,800 --> 02:20:45,600 CAN ACTUALLY COME UP WITH 4055 02:20:45,600 --> 02:20:46,640 SOMETHING NEW, AND THAT'S KIND 4056 02:20:46,640 --> 02:20:48,360 OF THE GOAL HERE. 4057 02:20:48,360 --> 02:20:49,760 I SEE JIM'S HAND UP. 4058 02:20:49,760 --> 02:20:51,040 WE ARE KIND OF RUNNING SHORT. 4059 02:20:51,040 --> 02:20:52,360 WE DON'T WANT TO CUT TOO MUCH 4060 02:20:52,360 --> 02:20:54,440 INTO PEOPLE'S BREAK TIME. 4061 02:20:54,440 --> 02:20:55,520 PLEASE, JIM. 4062 02:20:55,520 --> 02:20:58,520 >>THE OTHER THING I JUST WANT 4063 02:20:58,520 --> 02:21:00,560 TO EMPHASIZE IS THAT THE WAY IN 4064 02:21:00,560 --> 02:21:01,920 WHICH THIS WAS FRAMED, THIS IS 4065 02:21:01,920 --> 02:21:03,360 BASED ON SINGLE CELL DATA. 4066 02:21:03,360 --> 02:21:06,440 AND SO THE IMPORTANCE OF THAT IS 4067 02:21:06,440 --> 02:21:08,320 THAT SINGLE CELL ANALYSIS ALLOWS 4068 02:21:08,320 --> 02:21:09,720 YOU TO LOOK AT RNAs THAT ARE 4069 02:21:09,720 --> 02:21:11,160 LOWER ABUNDANCE THAT YOU DON'T 4070 02:21:11,160 --> 02:21:12,080 NECESSARILY DETECT IN A 4071 02:21:12,080 --> 02:21:13,840 POPULATION OF CELLS. 4072 02:21:13,840 --> 02:21:16,160 IT ALLOWS YOU TO IDENTIFY 4073 02:21:16,160 --> 02:21:17,080 SUBPOPULATIONS OF CELLS THAT 4074 02:21:17,080 --> 02:21:19,560 PRESUMTIVELY HAVE THE SAME 4075 02:21:19,560 --> 02:21:20,320 TRANSCRIPTOMICS PHENOTYPE 4076 02:21:20,320 --> 02:21:21,800 ANYWAYS, AND ALLOWS YOU TO 4077 02:21:21,800 --> 02:21:23,320 ENRICH FOR THOSE MOLECULES. 4078 02:21:23,320 --> 02:21:24,840 SO THIS REALLY GIVES YOU A 4079 02:21:24,840 --> 02:21:27,920 BETTER TARGET SET TO BASE YOUR 4080 02:21:27,920 --> 02:21:29,400 INITIAL HYPOTHESIS GENERATING 4081 02:21:29,400 --> 02:21:31,120 STUDIES ON, AND THE OTHER ASPECT 4082 02:21:31,120 --> 02:21:34,160 OF IT THAT I THINK IS IMPORTANT 4083 02:21:34,160 --> 02:21:38,680 IS THAT THE FUTURE IMAGING 4084 02:21:38,680 --> 02:21:40,920 MOLECULES LIKELY WON'T BE SINGLE 4085 02:21:40,920 --> 02:21:42,520 MOLECULE-BASED, THEY WON'T BE 4086 02:21:42,520 --> 02:21:44,640 SINGLE PROTEIN BASED, TO TRY TO 4087 02:21:44,640 --> 02:21:46,640 DISCERN THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 4088 02:21:46,640 --> 02:21:48,040 THESE SUBTYPES OF CELLS. 4089 02:21:48,040 --> 02:21:50,520 SO USING THE SINGLE CELL 4090 02:21:50,520 --> 02:21:51,440 TRANSCRIPTOMICS DATA, WHERE YOU 4091 02:21:51,440 --> 02:21:55,680 LOOK AT CLASSES OF CELLS, AND 4092 02:21:55,680 --> 02:21:56,480 THE INDIVIDUAL CELLS WITHIN THEM 4093 02:21:56,480 --> 02:22:00,880 WILL GIVE YOU BETTER FOOTHOLD IN 4094 02:22:00,880 --> 02:22:02,400 DETERMINING THE -- PROTEINS YOU 4095 02:22:02,400 --> 02:22:04,320 MIGHT LOOK AT BASED UPON CELL 4096 02:22:04,320 --> 02:22:05,400 TYPE SPECIFICITY AND WHAT YOU'RE 4097 02:22:05,400 --> 02:22:06,080 TRYING TO IMAGE. 4098 02:22:06,080 --> 02:22:08,560 SO THIS SET OF STUDIES GIVES 4099 02:22:08,560 --> 02:22:10,800 PEOPLE WAYS SORT OF THINKING 4100 02:22:10,800 --> 02:22:12,520 ABOUT SINGLE CELL DATA AND 4101 02:22:12,520 --> 02:22:13,320 APPROACHES LIKE THIS THAT MIGHT 4102 02:22:13,320 --> 02:22:14,640 BE USEFUL EVEN ACROSS OTHER 4103 02:22:14,640 --> 02:22:15,800 TYPES OF DISCIPLINES AND OTHER 4104 02:22:15,800 --> 02:22:16,680 TYPES OF STUDIES. 4105 02:22:16,680 --> 02:22:19,200 SO I THINK IT'S A GOOD 4106 02:22:19,200 --> 02:22:20,680 PIONEERING STUDY IN TERMS OF 4107 02:22:20,680 --> 02:22:22,320 GETTING PEOPLE TO THINK ABOUT 4108 02:22:22,320 --> 02:22:24,840 HOWL TO MINE THE SINGLE CELL 4109 02:22:24,840 --> 02:22:26,120 DATASETS FOR INTERESTING AND 4110 02:22:26,120 --> 02:22:30,760 USEFUL INFORMATION. 4111 02:22:30,760 --> 02:22:33,040 >>THANK YOU, JAMES, WE 4112 02:22:33,040 --> 02:22:33,920 DEFINITELY -- DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 4113 02:22:33,920 --> 02:22:37,720 SINGLE CELLS AND -- IMAGING -- 4114 02:22:37,720 --> 02:22:39,000 EXAMPLE. 4115 02:22:39,000 --> 02:22:40,560 THAT'S WHY -- FROM THIS CONCEPT, 4116 02:22:40,560 --> 02:22:44,000 TO WHICH EXTENT THOSE -- CAN BE 4117 02:22:44,000 --> 02:22:45,880 CLASSIFIED. 4118 02:22:45,880 --> 02:22:46,520 >>OKAY. 4119 02:22:46,520 --> 02:22:48,640 I THINK WE NEED TO END THE 4120 02:22:48,640 --> 02:22:50,400 DISCUSSION, BUT THANK YOU ALL 4121 02:22:50,400 --> 02:22:51,720 VERY MUCH. 4122 02:22:51,720 --> 02:22:54,600 WHY DON'T WE START THIS BACK UP 4123 02:22:54,600 --> 02:22:56,000 AT 2:50, 10 MINUTES BEFORE 4124 02:22:56,000 --> 02:23:00,880 THRE3:00,SO YOU'VE STILL GOT 25S 4125 02:23:00,880 --> 02:23:02,320 FOR A BREAK AND WE WILL JUST BE 4126 02:23:02,320 --> 02:23:03,160 STARTING THE CLOSED SESSION A 4127 02:23:03,160 --> 02:23:04,240 LITTLE LATER. 4128 02:23:04,240 --> 02:23:05,080 JOHN, IS THAT OKAY WITH YOU? 4129 02:23:05,080 --> 02:23:06,360 >>YEAH, IF IT'S OKAY WITH 4130 02:23:06,360 --> 02:23:07,000 EVERYBODY ELSE. 4131 02:23:07,000 --> 02:23:07,760 I JUST WANT TO THANK EVERYBODY 4132 02:23:07,760 --> 02:23:10,000 FOR A GREAT DISCUSSION, AND 4133 02:23:10,000 --> 02:23:12,520 LISTEN, I MEAN, THIS IS THE KIND 4134 02:23:12,520 --> 02:23:15,080 OF DISCUSSION WE REALLY VALUE, 4135 02:23:15,080 --> 02:23:17,080 BECAUSE THIS HAS BEEN -- WE VIEW 4136 02:23:17,080 --> 02:23:18,480 THIS CONCEPT AS A GREAT 4137 02:23:18,480 --> 02:23:21,120 OPPORTUNITY, BUT AS YOU ALL 4138 02:23:21,120 --> 02:23:22,640 KNOW, IT'S GOING TO BE A TOUGH 4139 02:23:22,640 --> 02:23:22,800 GO. 4140 02:23:22,800 --> 02:23:24,280 WE'RE TRYING TO DO SOMETHING 4141 02:23:24,280 --> 02:23:25,400 DIFFERENT TO BREAK THROUGH WHAT 4142 02:23:25,400 --> 02:23:27,280 I'VE PERCEIVED, WHAT WE'VE 4143 02:23:27,280 --> 02:23:28,920 PERCEIVED TO BE SOME PRETTY BIG 4144 02:23:28,920 --> 02:23:29,480 BARRIERS. 4145 02:23:29,480 --> 02:23:30,680 SO BEING CRITICAL IS WHAT'S 4146 02:23:30,680 --> 02:23:32,560 GOING TO MAKE US BE BETTER, AND 4147 02:23:32,560 --> 02:23:35,840 I JUST WANT TO EMPHASIZE THAT WE 4148 02:23:35,840 --> 02:23:36,920 WELCOME THESE COMMENTS AND 4149 02:23:36,920 --> 02:23:40,040 CRITIQUES. 4150 02:23:40,040 --> 02:23:41,360 OKAY, SO SEE YOU ALL IN CLOSED 4151 02:23:41,360 --> 02:23:42,120 SESSION IN 20 MINUTES. 4152 02:23:42,120 --> 02:23:43,920 >>25. 4153 02:23:43,920 --> 02:23:44,520 2:50. 4154 02:23:44,520 --> 02:23:45,080 >>2:50. 4155 02:23:45,080 --> 02:23:45,920 OKAY. 4156 02:23:45,920 --> 02:23:46,120 COOL. 4157 02:23:46,120 --> 02:23:46,360 ALL RIGHT. 4158 02:23:46,360 --> 02:23:47,240 SEE YOU LATER, BYE. 4159 02:23:47,240 --> 02:23:53,800 >>BYE.