1 00:00:05,080 --> 00:00:07,840 >>I'M SUSAN WEISS AND 2 00:00:07,840 --> 00:00:10,640 HERE TODAY SERVING AT THE 3 00:00:10,640 --> 00:00:12,560 DESIGNATED FEDERAL OFFICIAL FOR 4 00:00:12,560 --> 00:00:14,440 THE BRAIN MULTICOUNCIL WORKING 5 00:00:14,440 --> 00:00:16,520 GROUP AND WANT TO WELCOME YOU TO 6 00:00:16,520 --> 00:00:19,800 THE 25TH MEETING OF THE WORKING 7 00:00:19,800 --> 00:00:21,080 GROUP. AS ALWAYS THANK YOU 8 00:00:21,080 --> 00:00:23,000 FOR YOUR TIME AND CONTRIBUTIONS 9 00:00:23,000 --> 00:00:25,160 TO THE EFFORT AND MEETING TODAY 10 00:00:25,160 --> 00:00:26,840 BEGINS WITH THE OPEN SESSION 11 00:00:26,840 --> 00:00:29,720 THAT IS BEING VIDEOCAST AND 12 00:00:29,720 --> 00:00:32,120 RECORDED AND WILL BE ARCHIVED ON 13 00:00:32,120 --> 00:00:33,880 NI HMENT AND BRAIN WEBSITES AND 14 00:00:33,880 --> 00:00:39,000 WE HAVE A NEW ATTENDEE TODAY. 15 00:00:39,000 --> 00:00:41,240 ALEXIS WHO IS A REPRESENTATIVE 16 00:00:41,240 --> 00:00:43,400 TODAY THAT HAS A BACKGROUND IN 17 00:00:43,400 --> 00:00:44,720 NEUROSCIENCE AND WILL BE THE 18 00:00:44,720 --> 00:00:48,640 LAST MEETING FOR DAVID WHO HAS 19 00:00:48,640 --> 00:00:50,120 BEEN SERVING IN NATIONAL 20 00:00:50,120 --> 00:00:51,400 INSTITUTE ON AGING 21 00:00:51,400 --> 00:00:53,440 REPRESENTATIVE AND WE ARE 22 00:00:53,440 --> 00:00:55,480 GRATEFUL TO HIM FOR HIS 23 00:00:55,480 --> 00:00:59,280 COMMITMENT AND CONTRIBUTION TO 24 00:00:59,280 --> 00:01:00,720 BRANL AND JOHN WILL THANK HIM IN 25 00:01:00,720 --> 00:01:04,160 THE PRESENTATION IN A FEW 26 00:01:04,160 --> 00:01:06,400 MINUTES AND UPDATE FOR BRAIN 27 00:01:06,400 --> 00:01:08,840 DIRECTOR AND I AND FOLLOWED BY 28 00:01:08,840 --> 00:01:11,080 HIGHLIGHTS ON NEUROETHICS 29 00:01:11,080 --> 00:01:12,640 WORKING GROUP AND HAPPY TO HAVE 30 00:01:12,640 --> 00:01:15,520 DR. HUGO WHO WILL DO A 31 00:01:15,520 --> 00:01:18,000 PRESENTATION ON HIS WORK ON 32 00:01:18,000 --> 00:01:19,760 ENGINEERING FLIES TO STUDY GENE 33 00:01:19,760 --> 00:01:22,320 PROTEIN FUNCTION AND MOST KNOW 34 00:01:22,320 --> 00:01:24,000 THAT THE MULTICOUNCIL WORKING 35 00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:26,760 GROUP IS NOT A FORMAL ADVISORY 36 00:01:26,760 --> 00:01:28,440 GROUP ABOUT YOU WAS ESTABLISHED 37 00:01:28,440 --> 00:01:30,680 BECAUSE OF THE RECOGNIZED NEED 38 00:01:30,680 --> 00:01:33,240 FOR DIVERSE EXPERTISE IN VARIOUS 39 00:01:33,240 --> 00:01:35,000 DISCIPLINES TO PROPERLY ASSESS 40 00:01:35,000 --> 00:01:38,680 RESEARCH BEING SUPPORTED THROUGH 41 00:01:38,680 --> 00:01:41,200 BRAIN. SOME MEMBERS ARE FROM 42 00:01:41,200 --> 00:01:43,040 ADVISORY COUNCILS FROM 10 43 00:01:43,040 --> 00:01:44,760 PARTICIPATING INSTITUTES AND 44 00:01:44,760 --> 00:01:46,760 CENTERS WITH ADDITIONAL AT LARGE 45 00:01:46,760 --> 00:01:48,520 MEMBERS APPOINTED TO SUPPLEMENT 46 00:01:48,520 --> 00:01:51,200 THE WORKING GROUP'S EXPERTISE 47 00:01:51,200 --> 00:01:53,440 AND WE HAD SEVERAL EXOFISH YOEF 48 00:01:53,440 --> 00:01:59,280 MEMBERS FROM DARPA, FDA, ARPA 49 00:01:59,280 --> 00:02:01,600 AND NSF AND FEDERAL PARTNERS 50 00:02:01,600 --> 00:02:03,160 INVOLVED IN THE BRAIN INITIATIVE 51 00:02:03,160 --> 00:02:06,000 AND DEPEND ON THE MULTICOUNCIL 52 00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:08,520 WORKING GROUP FOR ONGOING 53 00:02:08,520 --> 00:02:09,600 OVERSIGHT AND SCIENTIFIC VISION 54 00:02:09,600 --> 00:02:13,960 AND PROGRESS FOR FEEDBACK AND 55 00:02:13,960 --> 00:02:16,720 CONCEPT FOR CLEARANCES -- AND 56 00:02:16,720 --> 00:02:18,720 DURING CLOSED SESSION FOR INPUT 57 00:02:18,720 --> 00:02:20,960 ON FUNDING PLANS AND GOING TO 58 00:02:20,960 --> 00:02:23,000 CLOSED SESSIONALLY GO OVER 59 00:02:23,000 --> 00:02:25,840 OPERATING PROCEDURES THAT L- 60 00:02:25,840 --> 00:02:29,720 BEGIN 30 MINUTES AFTER CLOSE OF 61 00:02:29,720 --> 00:02:33,080 OPEN SESSION AROUND 2:15 P.M.. 62 00:02:33,080 --> 00:02:34,360 NOTE A DIFFERENT ZOOM LINK FOR 63 00:02:34,360 --> 00:02:36,320 THE SESSION FOR MEMBERS OF 64 00:02:36,320 --> 00:02:38,240 COUNCIL AND GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES 65 00:02:38,240 --> 00:02:40,280 ONLY AND REMINDER THAT THE OPEN 66 00:02:40,280 --> 00:02:42,520 SESSION IS BEING VIDEOCAST AND 67 00:02:42,520 --> 00:02:44,880 RECORDED AND A FEW HOUSEKEEPING 68 00:02:44,880 --> 00:02:46,320 ITEMS DURING THE PRESENTATIONS 69 00:02:46,320 --> 00:02:49,200 WE ASKED YOU TO PLEASE MUTE YOUR 70 00:02:49,200 --> 00:02:51,080 LINE AND DURING DISCUSSIONS WE 71 00:02:51,080 --> 00:02:53,120 WOULD LIKE YOU TO MAKE SURE YOUR 72 00:02:53,120 --> 00:02:55,200 VIDEO IS ON. PLEASE USE THE 73 00:02:55,200 --> 00:02:56,480 RAISE HAND OPTION IF YOU HAVE 74 00:02:56,480 --> 00:02:59,760 QUESTIONS AND WE WILL CALL ON 75 00:02:59,760 --> 00:03:03,120 YOU TO UNMUTE YOURSELF ONCE 76 00:03:03,120 --> 00:03:05,760 AGAIN, THANKING ALL OF THE STAFF 77 00:03:05,760 --> 00:03:06,880 WHOSE HARD WORK WENT INTO 78 00:03:06,880 --> 00:03:09,480 PREPARING FOR THIS MEETING. 79 00:03:09,480 --> 00:03:13,280 KRISTEN AND NINA AND DEB AND 80 00:03:13,280 --> 00:03:15,160 MICHELLE PIERSON. I'M VERY 81 00:03:15,160 --> 00:03:16,600 GRATEFUL TO THEM AS I'M SURE ALL 82 00:03:16,600 --> 00:03:18,520 WHO HAVE INTERACTED WITH THEM 83 00:03:18,520 --> 00:03:20,320 WILL AGREE THEY ARE OUTSTANDING 84 00:03:20,320 --> 00:03:21,800 COLLEAGUES AND IS A PRIVILEGE TO 85 00:03:21,800 --> 00:03:23,160 WORK WITH THEM. I COULDN'T DO 86 00:03:23,160 --> 00:03:25,240 WHAT I'M DOING WITHOUT THEIR 87 00:03:25,240 --> 00:03:29,240 HELP AHEAD OF TIME AND DURING 88 00:03:29,240 --> 00:03:33,200 THE MEETING IF ANYONE HAS 89 00:03:33,200 --> 00:03:34,400 TECHNICAL PROBLEMS PUTTING IN 90 00:03:34,400 --> 00:03:36,560 THE CHAT WHO TO CONTACT TO GET 91 00:03:36,560 --> 00:03:38,200 HELP WITH THAT. CLOSED SESSION 92 00:03:38,200 --> 00:03:41,360 WILL BE FROM 2:15 TO 5 AND GOING 93 00:03:41,360 --> 00:03:44,240 TO TURN IT OVER TO JOHN FOR HIS 94 00:03:44,240 --> 00:03:44,600 INTRODUCTION. 95 00:03:44,600 --> 00:03:45,160 THANK YOU. 96 00:03:45,160 --> 00:03:48,240 >> THANK YOU, SUSAN. ECHOING 97 00:03:48,240 --> 00:03:49,920 SUSAN'S THANKS TO ALL OF THE 98 00:03:49,920 --> 00:03:52,080 STAFF THAT MAKE THE MEETINGS NOT 99 00:03:52,080 --> 00:03:54,520 ONLY POSSIBLE BUT INFORMATIVE 100 00:03:54,520 --> 00:03:55,520 AND WELL-ORGANIZED. 101 00:03:55,520 --> 00:03:57,640 THANK YOU ALL TO THE STAFF WHO 102 00:03:57,640 --> 00:03:59,680 HAVE BEEN INVOLVED AND SUSAN 103 00:03:59,680 --> 00:04:00,200 MENTIONED IT ALREADY. 104 00:04:00,200 --> 00:04:03,200 LET'S SEE. I HAVE AN UPDATE. I 105 00:04:03,200 --> 00:04:06,120 WILL TRY TO BE BRIEF TO LEAVE 106 00:04:06,120 --> 00:04:07,760 TIME FOR DISCUSSION AND HAVE AN 107 00:04:07,760 --> 00:04:10,720 HOUR SET ASIDE FOR THIS. UNLESS 108 00:04:10,720 --> 00:04:13,080 I GET DISTRACTED I WON'T TAKE UP 109 00:04:13,080 --> 00:04:15,280 THE ENTIRE HIRE. LET'S SEE. 110 00:04:15,280 --> 00:04:19,280 ARE YOU SEEING WHAT LOOKS TO BE 111 00:04:19,280 --> 00:04:23,360 THE PROPER SCREEN? 112 00:04:23,360 --> 00:04:24,520 >> YES. 113 00:04:24,520 --> 00:04:27,640 >> COOL. UPDATE WHAT IS GOING 114 00:04:27,640 --> 00:04:29,800 ON SINCE LAST TIME WE MET BACK 115 00:04:29,800 --> 00:04:34,320 IN JANUARY. AS SUSAN MENTIONED, 116 00:04:34,320 --> 00:04:40,120 DAVE HOLTSMAN IS LEADING THIS 117 00:04:40,120 --> 00:04:42,440 AND FOR THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE 118 00:04:42,440 --> 00:04:44,680 ON AGING. DAVE, THANK SO YOU 119 00:04:44,680 --> 00:04:48,160 MUCH. YOU GAVE SO MUCH SERVICE 120 00:04:48,160 --> 00:04:51,600 TO NIA AND. 121 00:04:51,600 --> 00:04:53,120 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, JOHN. 122 00:04:53,120 --> 00:04:55,120 IT HAS BEEN A PLEASURE WORKING 123 00:04:55,120 --> 00:04:57,640 WITH THE BRAIN INITIATIVE IN THE 124 00:04:57,640 --> 00:04:58,880 LAST FEW YEARS. 125 00:04:58,880 --> 00:05:01,680 >> PLEASURE IS MINE AND WITH A 126 00:05:01,680 --> 00:05:03,560 FEW MEMBERS I LEARN A LOT FROM 127 00:05:03,560 --> 00:05:06,120 YOU AND ALL YOU GIVE. THANKS 128 00:05:06,120 --> 00:05:06,360 AGAIN. 129 00:05:06,360 --> 00:05:08,200 QUICK NOTE ON STAFFING. WE HAD 130 00:05:08,200 --> 00:05:10,120 A FEW CHANGES IN THE IMMEDIATE 131 00:05:10,120 --> 00:05:19,760 OFFICE OF THE BRAIN DIRECTOR JOE 132 00:05:19,760 --> 00:05:22,360 BRINGS EXPERTISE IN 133 00:05:22,360 --> 00:05:23,200 COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE AND 134 00:05:23,200 --> 00:05:25,760 ADVISING ME IN OTHER AREAS DATA 135 00:05:25,760 --> 00:05:28,920 SCIENCE AND INFORMATICS AND 136 00:05:28,920 --> 00:05:31,320 WELCOMING SANDRA WHO TOOK OVER 137 00:05:31,320 --> 00:05:32,720 PROGRAM ANALYST AND OPERATION 138 00:05:32,720 --> 00:05:35,080 AND YOU SEE A COPY AND WILL HEAR 139 00:05:35,080 --> 00:05:40,200 FROM HER IF I NEED TO FIND YOU 140 00:05:40,200 --> 00:05:50,720 OR YOU ME WE HAVE A NEW TEAM 141 00:05:51,520 --> 00:05:54,120 LEAD, SUSAN WHO LEADS THE 142 00:05:54,120 --> 00:05:55,880 DEFINITION OF NEUROSCIENCE AND 143 00:05:55,880 --> 00:05:57,760 BEHAVIOR AND IS WORKING CLOSELY 144 00:05:57,760 --> 00:05:59,800 WITH OFFICE OF DATA SCIENCE 145 00:05:59,800 --> 00:06:02,520 STRATEGY ACROSS NIH FOR 146 00:06:02,520 --> 00:06:04,240 IMPLEMENTATION OF NIH STRATEGIC 147 00:06:04,240 --> 00:06:05,960 PLAN FOR DATA SCIENCE. SHE HAS 148 00:06:05,960 --> 00:06:08,360 BEEN QUITE INVOLVED IF IN BRAIN 149 00:06:08,360 --> 00:06:11,200 AS WELL AS OTHER TRANS-NIH 150 00:06:11,200 --> 00:06:12,440 INITIATIVES AND ARE DELIGHTED 151 00:06:12,440 --> 00:06:14,800 SHE HAS AGREED TO TAKE ON THE 152 00:06:14,800 --> 00:06:18,600 ROLE TO CO-LEAD TEAM DATA WITH 153 00:06:18,600 --> 00:06:23,680 DR. MING JOHN AND 9 BRAIN 154 00:06:23,680 --> 00:06:27,160 SCIENTIFIC TEAMS ARE HERE THAT 155 00:06:27,160 --> 00:06:29,000 OVERSEE THE PORTFOLIO AND 156 00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:30,560 SUSAN'S NAME IS HIGHLIGHTED 157 00:06:30,560 --> 00:06:32,880 UNDER TEAM DATA AND NONE OF ANY 158 00:06:32,880 --> 00:06:35,360 OF WHAT WE DO WOULD BE POSSIBLE 159 00:06:35,360 --> 00:06:37,520 WITHOUT HUMONGOUS EFFORT OF WELL 160 00:06:37,520 --> 00:06:40,800 OVER 100 OR 130 STAFF WORKING 161 00:06:40,800 --> 00:06:44,480 ACROSS NIH AND AMONG 10ICS AND 162 00:06:44,480 --> 00:06:44,680 ODS. 163 00:06:44,680 --> 00:06:47,000 THEY ARE ALL LISTED HERE AND SEE 164 00:06:47,000 --> 00:06:49,680 A DUPLICATION AND INEVITABLY 165 00:06:49,680 --> 00:06:51,280 SOMEONE WILL E-MAIL ME LATER AND 166 00:06:51,280 --> 00:06:53,480 SAY YOU MISSED ME AND IF TRUE 167 00:06:53,480 --> 00:06:55,400 LET US KNOW. I APOLOGIZE AND UP 168 00:06:55,400 --> 00:06:57,640 TO DATE LIST OF FOLKS WORKING ON 169 00:06:57,640 --> 00:07:00,240 THIS AND THANKS FOR ALL YOU DO 170 00:07:00,240 --> 00:07:01,680 AND CAN'T SAY ENOUGH AND QUICK 171 00:07:01,680 --> 00:07:04,880 UPDATE WHERE WE ARE BUDGETWISE 172 00:07:04,880 --> 00:07:06,480 FOR CURRENT FISCAL YEAR WE WORK 173 00:07:06,480 --> 00:07:11,200 FOR A BUDGET OF $680 MILLION AND 174 00:07:11,200 --> 00:07:19,400 AGAIN YOU CAN SEE THAT SOURCE OF 175 00:07:19,400 --> 00:07:21,880 FUNDING COMES FROM ONE PLACE AND 176 00:07:21,880 --> 00:07:24,600 EACH RECEIVES A LEVEL OF FUNDING 177 00:07:24,600 --> 00:07:28,680 AND BEFORE THAT STARTING IN 27 178 00:07:28,680 --> 00:07:32,240 TAENWE RECEIVE FUNDS FOR 20TH 179 00:07:32,240 --> 00:07:34,480 CENTURY CURE ACTS ENACTED IN 180 00:07:34,480 --> 00:07:36,240 2016 AND THIS YEAR IS A VERY 181 00:07:36,240 --> 00:07:37,600 LARGE AMOUNT OF FUNDING. 182 00:07:37,600 --> 00:07:39,920 OVERALL WE ARE ENJOYING A NICE 183 00:07:39,920 --> 00:07:43,360 INCREASE FROM FY22 TO 23 FOR 184 00:07:43,360 --> 00:07:50,240 $680 MILLION MANY 185 00:07:50,240 --> 00:07:52,800 MIGHT OR SHOULD BE AWARE THAT IT 186 00:07:52,800 --> 00:07:55,040 SHOULD BE NEGOTIATED AND STAY 187 00:07:55,040 --> 00:07:57,800 TUNED. WE ARE LOOKING TO SEE IT 188 00:07:57,800 --> 00:08:00,600 SHAKE OUT FOR 2024 AND WE 189 00:08:00,600 --> 00:08:04,440 INVESTED OVER $3 BILLION INTO 190 00:08:04,440 --> 00:08:06,680 1300 BRAIN PROJECTS SINCE 2014 191 00:08:06,680 --> 00:08:09,160 AND HOPE AGREE WE HAVE MADE 192 00:08:09,160 --> 00:08:12,240 EMARK BLE PROGRESS TOWARDS THE 193 00:08:12,240 --> 00:08:17,240 MISSION IN THE LAST 9 OR 10 194 00:08:17,240 --> 00:08:18,600 YEA 195 00:08:18,600 --> 00:08:18,840 YEARS. 196 00:08:18,840 --> 00:08:20,960 WE HAVE GREAT NEWS TO SHARE AND 197 00:08:20,960 --> 00:08:23,160 CONGRATULATIONS TO RECIPIENTS OF 198 00:08:23,160 --> 00:08:26,520 ALUMNI FOUNDATIONS BRAIN CRIES 199 00:08:26,520 --> 00:08:32,600 TO DR.S CHRISTINE HOLT AND -- 200 00:08:32,600 --> 00:08:33,640 THESE THREE INDIVIDUALS HAVE 201 00:08:33,640 --> 00:08:35,440 MADE GREAT CONTRIBUTIONS AND HAS 202 00:08:35,440 --> 00:08:37,560 BEEN WONDERFUL TO SEE THESE 203 00:08:37,560 --> 00:08:41,840 UNFOLD OVER THE YEARS AND DR. 204 00:08:41,840 --> 00:08:46,760 GREENBERG IS AMONG BRAIN-FUNDED 205 00:08:46,760 --> 00:08:47,880 INVESTIGATORS AND HOPE TO 206 00:08:47,880 --> 00:08:49,120 HIGHLIGHT IT HERE AND DELIGHTED 207 00:08:49,120 --> 00:08:51,280 TO SAY EARLIER THIS MONTH FOR 208 00:08:51,280 --> 00:08:53,440 FORMER OR CURRENTLY FUNDED BRAIN 209 00:08:53,440 --> 00:08:55,880 INVESTIGATORS ARE ELECTED INTO 210 00:08:55,880 --> 00:08:57,520 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND 211 00:08:57,520 --> 00:09:00,720 IN THE CLASS OF 120 MEMBERS AND 212 00:09:00,720 --> 00:09:02,400 FELLOW MEMBER AND CLEELG FROM 213 00:09:02,400 --> 00:09:04,080 BERKELEY MADE REALLY GREAT 214 00:09:04,080 --> 00:09:05,800 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ROLE OF 215 00:09:05,800 --> 00:09:07,960 ACTIVITY IN DEVELOPING CIRCUITS 216 00:09:07,960 --> 00:09:11,200 IN THE VISUAL SYSTEM IN 217 00:09:11,200 --> 00:09:13,240 PARTICULAR TRAVELING WAVE AND 218 00:09:13,240 --> 00:09:16,720 RECEIPTIN IN A LOOKING AT 219 00:09:16,720 --> 00:09:18,960 DEVELOPMENT IN CELLS AND CIRCUIT 220 00:09:18,960 --> 00:09:22,640 AT LARGE AND BEEN A PIONEER 221 00:09:22,640 --> 00:09:23,640 LOOKING AT [INDISCERNIBLE] 222 00:09:23,640 --> 00:09:26,680 SPECIFICATION AND DEVELOPING CNS 223 00:09:26,680 --> 00:09:28,560 IN PARTICULAR FOR INTERNEURONS 224 00:09:28,560 --> 00:09:30,160 AND UNDERSTANDING NEURAL 225 00:09:30,160 --> 00:09:31,880 MECHANISMS OF DECISION MAKING, 226 00:09:31,880 --> 00:09:35,560 HE IS AT COLUMBIA AND GOOD 227 00:09:35,560 --> 00:09:39,400 FRIEND AND COLLEAGUE AT ALLAN 228 00:09:39,400 --> 00:09:44,040 INSTITUTE MAKING UP 229 00:09:44,040 --> 00:09:46,280 UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURE 230 00:09:46,280 --> 00:09:49,080 OF MAMMALIAN SDENT AND WE ARE 231 00:09:49,080 --> 00:09:52,080 DELIGHTED THAT THEY HAVE BEEN SO 232 00:09:52,080 --> 00:09:55,080 NICELY RECOGNIZED AND VERY 233 00:09:55,080 --> 00:09:57,680 RECENTLY HOWARD HUES MEDICAL 234 00:09:57,680 --> 00:09:59,680 INSTITUTE LAUNCHED AN EXCITING 235 00:09:59,680 --> 00:10:01,560 PROGRAM AND SELECTED 31 236 00:10:01,560 --> 00:10:04,000 EXCEPTIONAL EARLY CAREER FACULTY 237 00:10:04,000 --> 00:10:06,760 WITH POTENTIAL TO BECOME LEADERS 238 00:10:06,760 --> 00:10:09,240 IN RESEARCH FIELDS AND CREATING 239 00:10:09,240 --> 00:10:13,600 DIVERSE AND INCLUSIVE LAB IN 240 00:10:13,600 --> 00:10:15,200 WHICH EVERYBODY CAN THRIVE AND 241 00:10:15,200 --> 00:10:17,240 BELIEVE THAT SCHOLARSHIPS COULD 242 00:10:17,240 --> 00:10:23,240 INVOLVE UPWARDS OF $8.9 MILLION 243 00:10:23,240 --> 00:10:33,240 OVER 10 YEARS [INDISCERNIBLE] IN 244 00:10:33,240 --> 00:10:36,960 THE BLUE HALO IS A BRAIN -- WE 245 00:10:36,960 --> 00:10:38,960 ARE THRILLED FOR ALL THESE YOUNG 246 00:10:38,960 --> 00:10:40,400 INVESTIGATORS AND IN PARTICULAR 247 00:10:40,400 --> 00:10:41,920 TO SEE SOMEBODY WHO WAS FUNDED 248 00:10:41,920 --> 00:10:44,160 THROUGH BRAIN AND SOMEBODY WE 249 00:10:44,160 --> 00:10:47,320 PUT VERY WELL PLACED CONFIDENCE 250 00:10:47,320 --> 00:10:55,280 IN AND ALSO RECOGNIZING HAVING A 251 00:10:55,280 --> 00:10:59,400 GREAT CAREER AND EVENTS GOING ON 252 00:10:59,400 --> 00:11:00,800 AND COMING UP. 253 00:11:00,800 --> 00:11:05,320 WE HELD BRAIN QUANTIFICATION OF 254 00:11:05,320 --> 00:11:07,200 SYNCHRONIZATION WORKSHOP 255 00:11:07,200 --> 00:11:10,200 FOCUSING ON TECHNOLOGIES AND 256 00:11:10,200 --> 00:11:13,520 MOMENTOUS AS WELL FIRST HYBRID 257 00:11:13,520 --> 00:11:16,600 EVENT WE PROMOTED SINCE THE 258 00:11:16,600 --> 00:11:18,600 PANDEMIC AND GOAL WAS TO 259 00:11:18,600 --> 00:11:20,520 IDENTIFY NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR 260 00:11:20,520 --> 00:11:23,840 UNRAVELING BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF 261 00:11:23,840 --> 00:11:25,240 BEHAVIOR AND COGNITION PART OF 262 00:11:25,240 --> 00:11:27,320 THE PROGRAM AND THERE ARE GREAT 263 00:11:27,320 --> 00:11:29,480 TALKS THERE AND KEY TAKEAWAYS 264 00:11:29,480 --> 00:11:32,480 AROUND SUCH TECHNOLOGIES AND 265 00:11:32,480 --> 00:11:34,240 CONSIDERATIONS FOR CENSOR DESIGN 266 00:11:34,240 --> 00:11:35,440 TAIL YOORD FOR DIFFERENT 267 00:11:35,440 --> 00:11:38,320 APPLICATIONS AND SCENARIOS AND 268 00:11:38,320 --> 00:11:40,600 HEARD COOL STUFF FROM ELECTRICAL 269 00:11:40,600 --> 00:11:42,560 ENGINEERS ABOUT LOW POWER 270 00:11:42,560 --> 00:11:45,240 DESIGNS FOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 271 00:11:45,240 --> 00:11:48,320 AND [INDISCERNIBLE], ET CETERA 272 00:11:48,320 --> 00:11:51,360 AND MINIATURIZATION AND USE OF 273 00:11:51,360 --> 00:11:54,040 MULTIMODAL CENSORS AND 274 00:11:54,040 --> 00:11:55,280 HIGHLIGHTING THE IMPORTANCE OF 275 00:11:55,280 --> 00:11:57,440 DATA SCIENCE AND UNRAVELING AND 276 00:11:57,440 --> 00:11:58,840 CONSOLIDATING THIS INFORMATION. 277 00:11:58,840 --> 00:12:02,720 AGAIN, THE VERY, VERY -- THE 278 00:12:02,720 --> 00:12:03,480 VERY EXTREME IMPORTANCE OF 279 00:12:03,480 --> 00:12:05,520 SHARING DATA AND MAKING IT 280 00:12:05,520 --> 00:12:07,120 ACCESSIBLE AND USING ALSO THE 281 00:12:07,120 --> 00:12:11,480 DATA IN AN ETHICAL WAY THAT IS 282 00:12:11,480 --> 00:12:16,240 QUITE A REVEALING WORKSHOP AND 283 00:12:16,240 --> 00:12:18,160 COMING P BIG BRAIN MEETING WILL 284 00:12:18,160 --> 00:12:22,640 BE A HYBRID EVENT IN PERSON AND 285 00:12:22,640 --> 00:12:25,120 NORTH BETHESDA AS WELL AS 286 00:12:25,120 --> 00:12:27,600 VIRTUAL AND THREE TERRIFIC 287 00:12:27,600 --> 00:12:29,560 PLENARY LECTURES PLANNED AND 288 00:12:29,560 --> 00:12:30,680 [INDISCERNIBLE] FROM DUKE 289 00:12:30,680 --> 00:12:32,960 UNIVERSITY WILL TALK ABOUT THE 290 00:12:32,960 --> 00:12:34,080 ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF USE OF 291 00:12:34,080 --> 00:12:39,280 OUR DATE FRAU OUR BRAINS AND DR. 292 00:12:39,280 --> 00:12:40,840 [INDISCERNIBLE] WHO IS HERE 293 00:12:40,840 --> 00:12:42,320 TODAY WILL TALK ABOUT NEW 294 00:12:42,320 --> 00:12:43,880 APPROACHES TO PERSONALIZED 295 00:12:43,880 --> 00:12:45,720 TREATMENT OF NEUROPSYCHIATRIC 296 00:12:45,720 --> 00:12:49,240 AND OTHER BRAIN DISORDERS AND 297 00:12:49,240 --> 00:12:52,360 FROM BAILEY UNIVERSITY FROM 298 00:12:52,360 --> 00:12:55,720 ROBBINGE FELLER UNIVERSITY WILL 299 00:12:55,720 --> 00:12:59,440 TELL US ABOUT -- USING DROS FILL 300 00:12:59,440 --> 00:13:03,160 YA AS A MODEL SYSTEM AND 301 00:13:03,160 --> 00:13:04,720 PRETITLE EVENT FOR TRAINEES 302 00:13:04,720 --> 00:13:07,040 BUILDING OUT EARLY CAREER 303 00:13:07,040 --> 00:13:10,520 COMMUNITY HELD NIGHT BEFORE ON 304 00:13:10,520 --> 00:13:10,760 SUNDAY. 305 00:13:10,760 --> 00:13:11,400 ENCOURAGE EVERYBODY TO 306 00:13:11,400 --> 00:13:13,280 PARTICIPATE AND CAPPED OUT ON 307 00:13:13,280 --> 00:13:15,320 IN-PERSON REGISTRATION AND IS 308 00:13:15,320 --> 00:13:17,280 INFINITE ROOM FOR YOU TO 309 00:13:17,280 --> 00:13:19,000 REGISTER VIRTUALLY AND PLEASE DO 310 00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:20,760 SO IF YOU HAVEN'T ALREADY. WILL 311 00:13:20,760 --> 00:13:22,760 BE TERRIFIC MEETING AND SURE 312 00:13:22,760 --> 00:13:24,960 THAT WE ARE VERY MUCH LOOKING 313 00:13:24,960 --> 00:13:26,280 FORWARD TO THAT. ANOTHER 314 00:13:26,280 --> 00:13:29,560 UPCOMING MEETING IN JULY, JULY 315 00:13:29,560 --> 00:13:33,040 17TH THROUGH 18TH IS NEW 316 00:13:33,040 --> 00:13:35,200 WORKSHOP ON ETHICS OF SHARING 317 00:13:35,200 --> 00:13:36,240 INDIVIDUAL LEVEL HUMAN BRAIN 318 00:13:36,240 --> 00:13:39,160 DATA COLLECTED IF IN BIOMEDICAL 319 00:13:39,160 --> 00:13:41,280 RESEARCH AND GOAL WILL BE TO 320 00:13:41,280 --> 00:13:43,360 EXPLORE WAYS TO CATEGORIZE HUMAN 321 00:13:43,360 --> 00:13:45,920 BRAIN DATA BY POTENTIAL RISKS OF 322 00:13:45,920 --> 00:13:48,920 DATA SHARING AND DIFFERENCES IN 323 00:13:48,920 --> 00:13:50,920 HOW TO TREAT DATA ARTICULATING 324 00:13:50,920 --> 00:13:53,040 POINTS TO CONSIDER FOR 325 00:13:53,040 --> 00:13:55,480 RESEARCHERS DISCLOSING POTENTIAL 326 00:13:55,480 --> 00:13:58,360 RISKS TO HUMAN SUBJECTS SHARING 327 00:13:58,360 --> 00:14:00,680 HUMAN BRAIN DATA AND TWO-DAY 328 00:14:00,680 --> 00:14:03,520 WORKSHOP AND ARE VERY MUCH 329 00:14:03,520 --> 00:14:05,240 LOOKING FORWARD TO THIS. 330 00:14:05,240 --> 00:14:07,200 IT WILL DOVE-TAIL WITH OUR 331 00:14:07,200 --> 00:14:11,560 ONGOING DISCUSSIONS ABOUT THE 332 00:14:11,560 --> 00:14:12,920 VALUE AND POTENTIAL RISK FOR 333 00:14:12,920 --> 00:14:15,040 DATA SHARING IN THE SPACE AND 334 00:14:15,040 --> 00:14:16,360 LAUNCHED EFFORTS HAPPENING 335 00:14:16,360 --> 00:14:18,720 ACROSS NIH IN THE DATA SHARING 336 00:14:18,720 --> 00:14:20,800 SPACE AND STAY TUNED FOR THAT. 337 00:14:20,800 --> 00:14:22,520 IT WILL BE HYBRID. IF YOU CAN'T 338 00:14:22,520 --> 00:14:24,120 MAKE IT IN PERSON YOU WILL TUNE 339 00:14:24,120 --> 00:14:27,240 IN TO SEE WHAT IS GOING ON 340 00:14:27,240 --> 00:14:27,640 THERE. 341 00:14:27,640 --> 00:14:31,160 BRAIN SIGNED ON TO THIS SOMATIC 342 00:14:31,160 --> 00:14:33,520 CELL GENOME EDITING CHALLENGE 343 00:14:33,520 --> 00:14:37,400 WHERE THERE WILL BE TWO GOALS 344 00:14:37,400 --> 00:14:41,000 HERE AND ONE IS TO DEVELOP 345 00:14:41,000 --> 00:14:43,080 PROGRAMMABLE DELIVERY SYSTEMS 346 00:14:43,080 --> 00:14:46,320 FOR GENE EDITING AND CROSSING 347 00:14:46,320 --> 00:14:48,280 BLOOD/BRAIN BARRIERS AND 348 00:14:48,280 --> 00:14:50,200 CHALLENGE MECHANISM FUNDED BY 349 00:14:50,200 --> 00:14:52,800 COMMON FUND COMANAGED BY 350 00:14:52,800 --> 00:14:55,760 NATIONAL CENTER FOR ADVANCING 351 00:14:55,760 --> 00:14:57,800 TRANSITIONAL SCIENCES AND MCATS 352 00:14:57,800 --> 00:15:01,880 AND BRAIN INITIATIVE AND NHLBI 353 00:15:01,880 --> 00:15:04,360 SIGNED ON AND INFORMATIONAL 354 00:15:04,360 --> 00:15:05,840 WEBINAR COMING UP NEXT WEEK AND 355 00:15:05,840 --> 00:15:12,480 WE ARE EXCITED ABOUT THIS AND 356 00:15:12,480 --> 00:15:16,640 THINK IT WILL COMPLEMENT THIS AS 357 00:15:16,640 --> 00:15:21,240 WELL AS PARTICIPATION IN GENOME 358 00:15:21,240 --> 00:15:28,120 THERAPY CONSORTIUM. 359 00:15:28,120 --> 00:15:31,520 THIS HAS THE BRAIN KEEPING 360 00:15:31,520 --> 00:15:34,200 PRESENCE THERE TO HOMEFULLY FUND 361 00:15:34,200 --> 00:15:35,240 INCREDIBLE BREAKTHROUGHS AND 362 00:15:35,240 --> 00:15:36,800 THAT TIME OF YEAR I WOULD LIKE 363 00:15:36,800 --> 00:15:39,160 TO GIVE UPDATE ON BRAIN 364 00:15:39,160 --> 00:15:40,640 DEMOGRAPHICS THAT ARE 365 00:15:40,640 --> 00:15:42,680 DEMOGRAPHICS OVER FY22 THAT 366 00:15:42,680 --> 00:15:46,440 ENDED IN SEPTEMBER OF LAST YEAR 367 00:15:46,440 --> 00:15:48,000 I WILL SUMMARIZE THIS QUICKLY 368 00:15:48,000 --> 00:15:50,360 HERE. YOU SHOULD HAVE THE FULL 369 00:15:50,360 --> 00:15:52,840 DECK IN YOUR ELECTRONIC COUNCIL 370 00:15:52,840 --> 00:15:54,440 BOOK. WE WILL POST THE FULL 371 00:15:54,440 --> 00:15:56,240 DECK ONLINE SO YOU CAN ALSO 372 00:15:56,240 --> 00:15:59,360 REFER TO THAT AND OTHERS WHO ARE 373 00:15:59,360 --> 00:16:01,240 TUNING IN VIA WEBCAST CAN GO TO 374 00:16:01,240 --> 00:16:03,120 THE WEBSITE AND FIND IT AND 375 00:16:03,120 --> 00:16:05,280 SHOULD LIVE ON THE PDP PAGE AND 376 00:16:05,280 --> 00:16:07,400 IF WE LOOK AT EXPERTISE THAT IS 377 00:16:07,400 --> 00:16:09,120 REPRESENTED IN THE BRAIN 378 00:16:09,120 --> 00:16:11,080 PORTFOLIO AFTER NEUROSCIENCE AND 379 00:16:11,080 --> 00:16:12,960 ABOUT 1/3 OF INVESTIGATORS 380 00:16:12,960 --> 00:16:17,240 IDENTIFY AS ENGINEERS OR PEOPLE 381 00:16:17,240 --> 00:16:21,120 WITH ENGINEERING EXPERIENCE. 382 00:16:21,120 --> 00:16:23,040 IN TERMS OF INDIVIDUALS FROM 383 00:16:23,040 --> 00:16:25,880 DIVERSE BACKGROUNDS WE HAVE TO 384 00:16:25,880 --> 00:16:28,320 REPORT THERE IS ROUGHLY SIMILAR 385 00:16:28,320 --> 00:16:31,480 FUNDING RATES BETWEEN LIMITED 386 00:16:31,480 --> 00:16:34,560 MEN AND HIGHLIGHTED IN THAT OVAL 387 00:16:34,560 --> 00:16:36,760 DOWN THERE AND CAREER STAGE AND 388 00:16:36,760 --> 00:16:39,520 THEY HAVE ABOUT SAME FUNDING 389 00:16:39,520 --> 00:16:42,160 RATE AND YOUNG FOLKS DO BETTER 390 00:16:42,160 --> 00:16:43,960 THAN OLD FOLKS OR LATER STAGE 391 00:16:43,960 --> 00:16:46,400 FOLKS AND IN TERMS OF GEOGRAPHIC 392 00:16:46,400 --> 00:16:49,440 DISTRIBUTION NOT SHOWING HERE 393 00:16:49,440 --> 00:16:54,840 PERFORMANCE SIDES OF 42 OF 50 394 00:16:54,840 --> 00:16:57,880 STATE AND CHALLENGE OF 395 00:16:57,880 --> 00:16:59,240 INSTITUTION TYPE BRAIN FUNDING 396 00:16:59,240 --> 00:17:03,080 FAVORS HEAVILY R1 OR HIGHLY 397 00:17:03,080 --> 00:17:04,680 RESEARCHED INTENSIVE 398 00:17:04,680 --> 00:17:07,480 INSTITUTIONS AND IS WHAT IT 399 00:17:07,480 --> 00:17:10,120 LOOKS LIKE AND SEE OVERALL 400 00:17:10,120 --> 00:17:13,800 SUMMARY IN UPPER RIGHT-HAND 401 00:17:13,800 --> 00:17:15,560 BUBBLE AND TO BE CANDID IT LOOKS 402 00:17:15,560 --> 00:17:17,480 ABOUT THE SAME AS LAST YEAR AND 403 00:17:17,480 --> 00:17:19,480 ARE NOT MOVING THE NEEDLE IN A 404 00:17:19,480 --> 00:17:21,160 HUGE WAY AND ARE SIGNS OF HOPE 405 00:17:21,160 --> 00:17:23,560 AND I WILL SHOW IT TO YOU IN THE 406 00:17:23,560 --> 00:17:24,960 NEXT FEW SLIDES. 407 00:17:24,960 --> 00:17:27,080 WE TALKED A BIT IN THE PAST 408 00:17:27,080 --> 00:17:29,640 ABOUT STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING A 409 00:17:29,640 --> 00:17:31,640 STRONGER MORE DIVERSE WORKFORCE 410 00:17:31,640 --> 00:17:34,080 TO GET TALENT OFF SIDELINES TO 411 00:17:34,080 --> 00:17:35,480 LEVERAGE THEM FOR GOALS AND 412 00:17:35,480 --> 00:17:36,440 MISSION HERE. 413 00:17:36,440 --> 00:17:38,680 WE HAVE DIVERSITY FOCUSED 414 00:17:38,680 --> 00:17:39,880 TRAINING PROGRAMS I WILL TALK 415 00:17:39,880 --> 00:17:41,720 ABOUT LATER AND WE HAVE CAPACITY 416 00:17:41,720 --> 00:17:44,040 BUILDING PROGRAMS BUILDING IN 417 00:17:44,040 --> 00:17:46,480 MINORITY SERVING INSTITUTIONS 418 00:17:46,480 --> 00:17:48,520 AND INSTITUTIONS FROM IDEA 419 00:17:48,520 --> 00:17:51,120 ELVIBL STATES AND WHAT I'M 420 00:17:51,120 --> 00:17:52,760 SHOWING HERE THIS DIVERSE 421 00:17:52,760 --> 00:17:54,160 PERSPECTIVE THAT IS BRAIN 422 00:17:54,160 --> 00:17:55,920 INNOVATION THAT REQUIRES IN ALL 423 00:17:55,920 --> 00:17:58,800 NEW AND REISSUED BAR PHASE 424 00:17:58,800 --> 00:18:00,600 EXCEPT FOR TRAINING R PHASE AND 425 00:18:00,600 --> 00:18:03,600 THAT THE INVESTIGATORS DETAIL IN 426 00:18:03,600 --> 00:18:06,120 RESEARCH STRATEGY HOW DIVERSE 427 00:18:06,120 --> 00:18:08,360 PERSPECTIVES WHETHER THEY BE 428 00:18:08,360 --> 00:18:10,800 SCIENTIFIC DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES 429 00:18:10,800 --> 00:18:12,400 OR PERSONAL DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES 430 00:18:12,400 --> 00:18:14,120 AND CAREER STAGE AND WHAT HAVE 431 00:18:14,120 --> 00:18:16,120 YOU AND INSTITUTIONAL GEOGRAPHIC 432 00:18:16,120 --> 00:18:17,720 HOW IT WILL LEAD TO BETTER 433 00:18:17,720 --> 00:18:19,560 SCIENCE THAT NEEDS TO BE 434 00:18:19,560 --> 00:18:22,320 SUMMARIZED IN A ONE-PAGE 435 00:18:22,320 --> 00:18:24,240 ATTACHMENT AS PLAN FOR ENHANCING 436 00:18:24,240 --> 00:18:26,600 DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES THAT IS 437 00:18:26,600 --> 00:18:28,200 PART OF THE SCORED APPLICATION 438 00:18:28,200 --> 00:18:30,600 AND BRAIN INNOVATION WE STARTED 439 00:18:30,600 --> 00:18:32,480 AND THOUGHT AS A PILOT PROJECT 440 00:18:32,480 --> 00:18:34,600 LESS THAN 2 YEARS AGO THAT HAS 441 00:18:34,600 --> 00:18:37,880 BEEN TAKEN UP IN 130. WE CALL 442 00:18:37,880 --> 00:18:41,440 THEM NOFOS RIGHT NOW NOTICE OF 443 00:18:41,440 --> 00:18:43,160 FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES WE CALMED 444 00:18:43,160 --> 00:18:44,600 FUNDING OPPORTUNITY 445 00:18:44,600 --> 00:18:46,080 ANNOUNCEMENTS IN 130 OF 446 00:18:46,080 --> 00:18:47,640 ANNOUNCEMENTS ACROSS 19 447 00:18:47,640 --> 00:18:50,760 INSTITUTE AND CENTERS SEEING 448 00:18:50,760 --> 00:18:51,400 CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION OVER 449 00:18:51,400 --> 00:18:53,920 TIME SINCE WE LAUNCHED THIS IN 450 00:18:53,920 --> 00:18:54,960 2021 AND BRAIN OF COURSE IS IN 451 00:18:54,960 --> 00:18:57,960 LEAD AT 41. YOU CAN SEE THE 452 00:18:57,960 --> 00:18:59,640 DISTRIBUTION DOWN HERE THAT IS 453 00:18:59,640 --> 00:19:00,800 BEING TAKEN UP AND STARTING TO 454 00:19:00,800 --> 00:19:02,400 SEE RESULTS FROM THIS AND VERY 455 00:19:02,400 --> 00:19:04,600 EARLY DAYS I WILL GIVE YOU A 456 00:19:04,600 --> 00:19:07,600 SNAPSHOT OR EARLY LOOK AT THE 457 00:19:07,600 --> 00:19:12,440 EFFECT OF THE PDP OVER 2022 AND 458 00:19:12,440 --> 00:19:14,960 WHERE THERE IS RELATIVELY FEW R 459 00:19:14,960 --> 00:19:18,480 FACED WITH PDPS AND NEVERTHELESS 460 00:19:18,480 --> 00:19:19,880 GIVES EARLY GLIMPSE WHERE YOU 461 00:19:19,880 --> 00:19:22,280 ARE AND SEE ON LEFT-HAND SIDE OF 462 00:19:22,280 --> 00:19:24,320 THE FIGURE THAT THE PERCENTAGE 463 00:19:24,320 --> 00:19:27,520 OF WOMEN EITHER IN THE APPLICANT 464 00:19:27,520 --> 00:19:29,680 POOL, WHICH IS IN THE DIAMONDS 465 00:19:29,680 --> 00:19:32,800 OR IN THE AWARDEE POOL THAT IS 466 00:19:32,800 --> 00:19:36,600 IN THE DARK BLUE CIRCLES. 467 00:19:36,600 --> 00:19:38,560 WE HAVE NOT MOVED THE NEEDLE 468 00:19:38,560 --> 00:19:40,600 QUICKLY. WE ARE SEEING A 469 00:19:40,600 --> 00:19:41,600 GRADUAL INCREASE IN 470 00:19:41,600 --> 00:19:43,880 REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN PI 471 00:19:43,880 --> 00:19:46,480 COAL AND INCLUDES MPIS THROUGH 472 00:19:46,480 --> 00:19:49,080 2014 AND 2022. JUST SHY OF I 473 00:19:49,080 --> 00:19:52,320 THINK 19 OR 20%. 474 00:19:52,320 --> 00:19:54,200 IT HAS BEEN A SLOW GROWTH. IF 475 00:19:54,200 --> 00:19:55,840 YOU LOOK ON THE RIGHT THOUGH, 476 00:19:55,840 --> 00:19:57,800 THERE IS REASON FOR SOME HOPE. 477 00:19:57,800 --> 00:20:01,240 IF YOU LOOK AT THE APPLICATIONS 478 00:20:01,240 --> 00:20:04,760 THAT WE FUNDED OR CONSIDERED FOR 479 00:20:04,760 --> 00:20:08,120 FUNDING IN FY22, THERE SEEMS TO 480 00:20:08,120 --> 00:20:12,800 BE AT LEAST INITIALLY A BIT OF A 481 00:20:12,800 --> 00:20:15,040 BUMP IN NUMBER OF AWARDED 482 00:20:15,040 --> 00:20:17,240 APPLICATIONS IN R PHASE 483 00:20:17,240 --> 00:20:19,880 CONTAINED IN PDP VERSUS NOT AND 484 00:20:19,880 --> 00:20:21,960 IN NOISE WE DON'T KNOW STRONG 485 00:20:21,960 --> 00:20:24,880 CAVEAT TO CONSIDER AND COULD BE 486 00:20:24,880 --> 00:20:26,680 EARLY SIGN THAT PDP IS MAKING A 487 00:20:26,680 --> 00:20:29,720 DIFFERENCE IN DIVERSIFYING PDP 488 00:20:29,720 --> 00:20:31,920 POOL ON BASIS OF GENDER AND ARE 489 00:20:31,920 --> 00:20:33,400 HOPEFUL FOR THAT. STAY TUNED. 490 00:20:33,400 --> 00:20:35,360 IT IS A WORK IN PROGRESS AND 491 00:20:35,360 --> 00:20:38,920 SOMETHING WE ARE VERY, VERY 492 00:20:38,920 --> 00:20:40,160 COMMITTED TO. 493 00:20:40,160 --> 00:20:42,720 SITUATION WITH INDIVIDUALS FROM 494 00:20:42,720 --> 00:20:45,840 UNDER-REPRESENTED GROUPS IS NOT 495 00:20:45,840 --> 00:20:48,280 SO GREAT TO BE QUITE HONEST AND 496 00:20:48,280 --> 00:20:52,040 SEE HERE VERY LOW LEVEL WHERE 497 00:20:52,040 --> 00:20:55,880 NUMBERS ARE BOUNCING BETWEEN 3 498 00:20:55,880 --> 00:21:01,560 AND 8% AND HOVERING AROUND 10% 499 00:21:01,560 --> 00:21:03,120 AND CHALLENGE LOOKING AT NUMBERS 500 00:21:03,120 --> 00:21:05,240 IS NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS IS VERY 501 00:21:05,240 --> 00:21:07,320 SMALL AND DATA IS NOISY AND 502 00:21:07,320 --> 00:21:09,760 JUMPS AND BUMPS HERE WE CAN'T 503 00:21:09,760 --> 00:21:12,160 PUT TOO MUCH PAGE IN EXCEPT TO 504 00:21:12,160 --> 00:21:15,440 SAY WE ARE NOT MOVING NEEDLE 505 00:21:15,440 --> 00:21:16,800 APPRECIATIVELY UPWARDS THAT IS 506 00:21:16,800 --> 00:21:19,320 OF CONCERN AND LOOKING AT DATA 507 00:21:19,320 --> 00:21:21,520 APPLICATIONS WITH AND WITHOUT 508 00:21:21,520 --> 00:21:24,000 PDP AND SEE NUMBER OF APPLICANTS 509 00:21:24,000 --> 00:21:25,880 THAT STAYED MORE OR LESS THE 510 00:21:25,880 --> 00:21:27,920 SAME AND AGAIN IS SMALL SAMPLE 511 00:21:27,920 --> 00:21:30,480 SIZE AND PERHAPS IS A NARROWING 512 00:21:30,480 --> 00:21:33,280 OF THE GAP BETWEEN APPLICANTS 513 00:21:33,280 --> 00:21:36,040 AND AWARDEES WITH AND WITHOUT 514 00:21:36,040 --> 00:21:38,320 PDPS AND CAUTION THAT THIS IS A 515 00:21:38,320 --> 00:21:39,760 SNAPSHOT WE HAVE TO KEEP AN EYE 516 00:21:39,760 --> 00:21:43,920 ON THIS AND DO OUR BEST TO 517 00:21:43,920 --> 00:21:46,640 RECRUIT AND ENGAGE LARGER SWATH 518 00:21:46,640 --> 00:21:48,600 OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY AND 519 00:21:48,600 --> 00:21:49,880 BETTER REPRESENTATION OF TALENT 520 00:21:49,880 --> 00:21:52,200 AND VIEWPOINTS ACROSS BIOMEDICAL 521 00:21:52,200 --> 00:21:55,000 ENTERPRISE THAT IS THE STORY 522 00:21:55,000 --> 00:21:58,960 HERE WITH UNDER-REPRESENTED 523 00:21:58,960 --> 00:21:59,840 MINORITIES. 524 00:21:59,840 --> 00:22:03,280 NOW, ONE THING WE HAVE LOOKED AT 525 00:22:03,280 --> 00:22:05,920 QUITE CAREFULLY AND CLOSELY IS 526 00:22:05,920 --> 00:22:07,120 COMPOSITION OF 527 00:22:07,120 --> 00:22:10,240 MULTI-INVESTIGATOR TEAMS AND WE 528 00:22:10,240 --> 00:22:17,560 CAN SEE THIS APPEARS THAT WE ARE 529 00:22:17,560 --> 00:22:20,840 SEEING A HIGHER PROPORTION OF 530 00:22:20,840 --> 00:22:21,720 MULTI-INVESTIGATOR TEAMS THAT 531 00:22:21,720 --> 00:22:26,200 ARE OF MIXED GENDER AND WITHOUT 532 00:22:26,200 --> 00:22:32,080 PDP ABOUT HALF OF THESE GAINS 533 00:22:32,080 --> 00:22:35,080 WERE ALL MALE AND LESS THAN 1/3 534 00:22:35,080 --> 00:22:37,200 WERE MIXED MALE AND FEMALE AND 535 00:22:37,200 --> 00:22:40,680 SEEING HERE PERHAPS A FAIRLY 536 00:22:40,680 --> 00:22:43,440 LARGE INCREASE TO ALMOST 60%. 537 00:22:43,440 --> 00:22:47,120 50 OR 60% MIXED GENDER TEAMS AND 538 00:22:47,120 --> 00:22:48,960 CONCOMBINANT INCREASE IN ALL 539 00:22:48,960 --> 00:22:52,160 MALE TEAMS AND GIVING ANOTHER 540 00:22:52,160 --> 00:22:53,720 CAVEAT THAT SOME DIFFERENCE AND 541 00:22:53,720 --> 00:22:56,240 NOT ALL DIFFERENCE MIGHT BE 542 00:22:56,240 --> 00:22:57,720 ATTRIBUTABLE TO GREATER 543 00:22:57,720 --> 00:22:59,600 REPORTING OF GENDER PLUS OR 544 00:22:59,600 --> 00:23:03,000 MINUS PDP THAT IS A BIT OF 545 00:23:03,000 --> 00:23:05,240 UNCERTAINTY HERE. BUT, IF I 546 00:23:05,240 --> 00:23:07,280 WOULD LOOK AT THIS AS GLASS HALF 547 00:23:07,280 --> 00:23:09,160 FULL, I THINK IT COULD BE 548 00:23:09,160 --> 00:23:10,840 SIGNALING I HOPE A TREND TOWARDS 549 00:23:10,840 --> 00:23:14,880 MORE DIVERSE TEAMS AT LEAST IN 550 00:23:14,880 --> 00:23:22,720 TERMS OF GENDER AND IN TERMS OF 551 00:23:22,720 --> 00:23:26,320 RACE ETHNICITY THIS HAS GONE UP 552 00:23:26,320 --> 00:23:30,240 50% FROM 8% OR 50% TO FOURTD% 553 00:23:30,240 --> 00:23:32,120 AND NUMBERS ARE QUITE LOW AND 554 00:23:32,120 --> 00:23:34,680 COULD BE IN NOISE. AT LEAST NO 555 00:23:34,680 --> 00:23:38,760 THE IN NEGATIVE BUT POTENTIALLY 556 00:23:38,760 --> 00:23:39,480 POSITIVE TREND AND SOMETHING WE 557 00:23:39,480 --> 00:23:42,520 ARE KEEPING A CLOSE EYE ON AND 558 00:23:42,520 --> 00:23:43,960 HAPPY TO TALK ABOUT IT IN 559 00:23:43,960 --> 00:23:45,640 DISCUSSION PERIOD AND YOU HAVE 560 00:23:45,640 --> 00:23:47,480 ENTIRE DECK NEXT CB AND WE ARE 561 00:23:47,480 --> 00:23:49,120 ALWAYS HAPPY TO ENGAGE WITH 562 00:23:49,120 --> 00:23:50,600 EVERYBODY ON THIS TOPIC AS I 563 00:23:50,600 --> 00:23:52,800 HOPE I HAVE RELAYED TO YOU OVER 564 00:23:52,800 --> 00:23:55,120 THE LAST FEW YEARS AND 565 00:23:55,120 --> 00:23:57,360 DIVERSIFYING AND STRENGTHENING 566 00:23:57,360 --> 00:23:59,840 WORKFORCE IS CORE VALUE AT BRAIN 567 00:23:59,840 --> 00:24:00,760 INITIATIVE AND COULD USE 568 00:24:00,760 --> 00:24:04,400 EVERYBODY'S INPUT AND HELP TO 569 00:24:04,400 --> 00:24:07,880 REACH THAT GOAL. 570 00:24:07,880 --> 00:24:10,840 WE TALKED A LOT IN LAST FEW 571 00:24:10,840 --> 00:24:13,880 YEARS OF BRAIN 2.0 PROJECTS AND 572 00:24:13,880 --> 00:24:17,080 ATLAS NETWORK THAT IS FOCUSED ON 573 00:24:17,080 --> 00:24:19,160 BUILDING BRAIN CELL ATLASES IN 574 00:24:19,160 --> 00:24:20,880 HUMANS AND FEW OTHER MODEL 575 00:24:20,880 --> 00:24:23,120 ORGANISMS AND ARE JUST IN THE 576 00:24:23,120 --> 00:24:25,920 PROS OF LAUNCHING BRAIN 577 00:24:25,920 --> 00:24:28,120 INITIATIVE CONNECTIVITY ACROSS 578 00:24:28,120 --> 00:24:30,000 SKANS AND BRAIN CONNECTS 579 00:24:30,000 --> 00:24:31,760 CONNECTIVITY PROJECT AND GROUP 580 00:24:31,760 --> 00:24:33,920 LOOKED AT FUNDING PLAN LAST 581 00:24:33,920 --> 00:24:35,160 ROUND IN CLOSED SESSION AND 582 00:24:35,160 --> 00:24:37,920 LOOKING FORWARD TO ISSUING 583 00:24:37,920 --> 00:24:42,560 AWARDS BY LATER IN SUMMER AND 584 00:24:42,560 --> 00:24:47,240 EARLY FALL AND TOOLKIT FOR 585 00:24:47,240 --> 00:24:48,520 PRECISION BRAIN ACCESS 586 00:24:48,520 --> 00:24:49,600 LEVERAGING INFORMATION COMING 587 00:24:49,600 --> 00:24:52,720 OUT OF BRAIN CENSUS TO BUILD A 588 00:24:52,720 --> 00:24:55,000 TOOLKIT FOR PRECISION ACCESS 589 00:24:55,000 --> 00:24:57,400 BASED ON MOLECULAR IDENTITY AND 590 00:24:57,400 --> 00:24:59,400 BRIEF UPDATE WHERE WE ARE WITH 591 00:24:59,400 --> 00:25:03,200 THESE WE LAUNCHED FIRST AWARDS 592 00:25:03,200 --> 00:25:08,720 LAST YEAR WE HAVE NIEBT MILLION 593 00:25:08,720 --> 00:25:13,080 OF AWARDS SECOND ROUND OF 594 00:25:13,080 --> 00:25:15,120 APPLICATIONS ARE CURRENTLY UNDER 595 00:25:15,120 --> 00:25:16,640 REVIEW AND SEE AT AUGUST COUNCIL 596 00:25:16,640 --> 00:25:18,560 AND EXPECT TO ISSUE THOSE AWARDS 597 00:25:18,560 --> 00:25:23,280 BY END OF THE CALENDAR YEAR. 598 00:25:23,280 --> 00:25:24,400 THE [INDISCERNIBLE] PROJECT 599 00:25:24,400 --> 00:25:27,680 DESIGNED FOR DEVELOPING TOOLS 600 00:25:27,680 --> 00:25:29,560 FOR PRECISION BRAIN CELL ACCESS 601 00:25:29,560 --> 00:25:33,840 AND WE FUNDED PILOT GRANT PHASE 602 00:25:33,840 --> 00:25:36,320 $30 MILLION ACROSS 6 PROJECTS 603 00:25:36,320 --> 00:25:41,160 AND NOW HAVE NEW RFA OUT FOR 604 00:25:41,160 --> 00:25:45,520 MOLECULAR PAYLOAD CENTERS URM1 605 00:25:45,520 --> 00:25:46,840 MECHANISM FOR FIRST RECEIVED 606 00:25:46,840 --> 00:25:48,960 DATE COMING UP NEXT MONTH AND 607 00:25:48,960 --> 00:25:50,640 CONNECTIVITY PROJECTS WITH HE 608 00:25:50,640 --> 00:25:53,000 ARE EXPECTING TO ISSUE FIRST 609 00:25:53,000 --> 00:25:54,680 ABARREDS LATER THIS SUMMER AND 610 00:25:54,680 --> 00:25:58,320 SECOND RECEIVED DATE FOR AWARDS 611 00:25:58,320 --> 00:26:00,840 IS COMING UP NEXT MONTH AND 612 00:26:00,840 --> 00:26:02,440 PROJECTS HAVE BEEN MADE POSSIBLE 613 00:26:02,440 --> 00:26:03,960 BY CONGRESSIONALLY DIRECTED 614 00:26:03,960 --> 00:26:06,600 FUNDS ALLOWING US TO INVEST 615 00:26:06,600 --> 00:26:07,840 SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF RESOURCES 616 00:26:07,840 --> 00:26:10,160 INTO PROJECTS THAT WILL LAY 617 00:26:10,160 --> 00:26:11,560 FOUNDATION FOR TRANSFORMATIVE 618 00:26:11,560 --> 00:26:14,800 RESEARCH IN YEARS TO COME WE 619 00:26:14,800 --> 00:26:17,400 HAVE LAUNCHED BRAIN BEHAVIOR 620 00:26:17,400 --> 00:26:19,000 QUANTITY FICTION SYNCHRONIZATION 621 00:26:19,000 --> 00:26:20,680 PROGRAM AND THAT IS VALIDATION 622 00:26:20,680 --> 00:26:23,080 OF NEXT GENERATION TOOLS AND 623 00:26:23,080 --> 00:26:24,760 METHODS AS WELL AS ANALYTICAL 624 00:26:24,760 --> 00:26:26,680 APPROACHES TO IDENTIFY AND 625 00:26:26,680 --> 00:26:30,080 QUANTIFY COMPLEX BEHAVIORS 626 00:26:30,080 --> 00:26:31,440 COMBINING MOST SIMULTANEOUS 627 00:26:31,440 --> 00:26:33,040 RECORDINGS OF CONNECTIVITY AND 628 00:26:33,040 --> 00:26:35,280 ISSUED FIRST TWO RFAS FOR THIS 629 00:26:35,280 --> 00:26:38,000 PROGRAM AND THAT IS THE R61 THAT 630 00:26:38,000 --> 00:26:40,520 IS THE PILOT PHASE PROJECTS FOR 631 00:26:40,520 --> 00:26:44,160 LOOKING AT HUMAN BEHAVIORAL 632 00:26:44,160 --> 00:26:45,160 QUANTIFICATION SYNCHRONIZATION 633 00:26:45,160 --> 00:26:49,160 AS WELL AS EARLY STAGE R34 634 00:26:49,160 --> 00:26:51,120 MECHANISM FOR DOING PARALLEL 635 00:26:51,120 --> 00:26:53,360 PROJECTS IN NON-HUMAN MODELS AND 636 00:26:53,360 --> 00:26:55,440 WE EXPECT FIRST AWARDS TO BE 637 00:26:55,440 --> 00:26:57,240 MADE IN THE FALL OF THIS YEAR 638 00:26:57,240 --> 00:26:58,680 AND WILL BE A SECOND RECEIPT 639 00:26:58,680 --> 00:27:03,440 DATE COMING UP FOR THE HUMAN 640 00:27:03,440 --> 00:27:06,480 PROJECTS IN FEBRUARY OF NEXT 641 00:27:06,480 --> 00:27:13,800 YEAR TOGETHER WITH THESE 642 00:27:13,800 --> 00:27:15,560 PROJECTS COMING UP WITH FIRST 643 00:27:15,560 --> 00:27:16,880 RECEIPT DATE IN JULY OF THIS 644 00:27:16,880 --> 00:27:19,080 YEAR DATA COORDINATION AND 645 00:27:19,080 --> 00:27:21,840 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CENTER 646 00:27:21,840 --> 00:27:24,600 FOR THE BBQS PROJECT AND 647 00:27:24,600 --> 00:27:26,640 COORDINATION CENTER WILL OVERSEE 648 00:27:26,640 --> 00:27:29,160 DATA MANAGEMENT AND STANDARDS 649 00:27:29,160 --> 00:27:29,840 AND DEVELOPMENT AND ORGANIZATION 650 00:27:29,840 --> 00:27:31,560 OF MACHINE LEARNING AND 651 00:27:31,560 --> 00:27:33,080 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 652 00:27:33,080 --> 00:27:34,680 RESOURCES AND WILL SET UP 653 00:27:34,680 --> 00:27:37,280 MANAGED DATA ECOSYSTEM FOR 654 00:27:37,280 --> 00:27:38,360 DISSEMINATION AND TRAINING AND 655 00:27:38,360 --> 00:27:39,720 COURT NATION FOR ALL DATA THAT 656 00:27:39,720 --> 00:27:41,520 COMES OUT OF THIS. YOU CAN 657 00:27:41,520 --> 00:27:45,000 APPRECIATE THAT NOW THAT WE GET 658 00:27:45,000 --> 00:27:49,960 INTO MORE DEEPLY NEW METHODS FOR 659 00:27:49,960 --> 00:27:53,240 QUANTIFYING AND ORGANIZING 660 00:27:53,240 --> 00:27:54,960 ASSAYS TOGETHER AND WITH -- THIS 661 00:27:54,960 --> 00:27:56,960 WILL CHALLENGE US FROM DATA 662 00:27:56,960 --> 00:27:57,880 SCIENCE POINT OF VIEW AND 663 00:27:57,880 --> 00:27:59,400 IMPORTANCE OF SETTING UP 664 00:27:59,400 --> 00:28:01,000 COORDINATION CENTER TO MANAGE 665 00:28:01,000 --> 00:28:05,360 THIS GROUP AS A CONSORTIUM. 666 00:28:05,360 --> 00:28:05,920 OKAY. 667 00:28:05,920 --> 00:28:08,880 WE RECENTLY ISSUED R61 668 00:28:08,880 --> 00:28:11,160 MECHANISM AS A KIND OF LEAD-IN 669 00:28:11,160 --> 00:28:12,480 FOR OUR RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES 670 00:28:12,480 --> 00:28:14,880 IN HUMANS PROGRAM AND PREVIOUSLY 671 00:28:14,880 --> 00:28:17,280 HAVE R34 AND IDEA BEHIND THIS 672 00:28:17,280 --> 00:28:19,400 TYPE OF MECHANISM IS TO LEAD UP 673 00:28:19,400 --> 00:28:22,880 TO AND PROVIDE A RUNWAY FOR 674 00:28:22,880 --> 00:28:25,600 LARGER SCALE U01 PROJECTS AND 675 00:28:25,600 --> 00:28:27,120 OPPORTUNITY AND HUMAN SPACE AND 676 00:28:27,120 --> 00:28:30,000 WAS FELT THAT R61 MECHANISM WAS 677 00:28:30,000 --> 00:28:32,720 BETTER AND PROVIDES MORE 678 00:28:32,720 --> 00:28:36,440 RESOURCES FOR INVESTIGATORS WHO 679 00:28:36,440 --> 00:28:39,160 ARE PERFORMING BASIC 680 00:28:39,160 --> 00:28:42,480 EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES FOR HUMANS 681 00:28:42,480 --> 00:28:44,720 AND CURRENT RECEIPT DATES OF 682 00:28:44,720 --> 00:28:47,840 2025 AND YOU SEE BUDGET IS 683 00:28:47,840 --> 00:28:50,720 LIMITED TO MAXIMUM OF 700,$700, 684 00:28:50,720 --> 00:28:53,000 OF DIRECT COST IN A YEAR AND 685 00:28:53,000 --> 00:28:55,880 ALLOWING FOLKS TO GET MORE DONE 686 00:28:55,880 --> 00:29:01,240 AND MAKE PROGRESS IN PREVIOUS 687 00:29:01,240 --> 00:29:05,400 R34 MECHANISMS AND FUNDING 688 00:29:05,400 --> 00:29:07,480 ANNOUNCEMENTS AND UN1 WHICH IS 689 00:29:07,480 --> 00:29:12,160 THE -- LET'S SEE. U AND 1 I 690 00:29:12,160 --> 00:29:15,320 MENTIONED IN PROJECT AND ABOUT. 691 00:29:15,320 --> 00:29:20,360 BQS U24 COORDINATION CENTER AND 692 00:29:20,360 --> 00:29:22,200 R61 AS WELL EXPLORATORY GRANTS 693 00:29:22,200 --> 00:29:23,600 FOR RESEARCH OPPORTUNITY FOR 694 00:29:23,600 --> 00:29:25,920 HUMANS AND HAVE A FEW NEW 695 00:29:25,920 --> 00:29:27,720 REISSUES HERE AND AT BOTTOM WE 696 00:29:27,720 --> 00:29:30,920 SIGNED ON FOR A FEW NIH-WIDE 697 00:29:30,920 --> 00:29:34,600 PARTNERSHIPS AND FIRST IS REWARD 698 00:29:34,600 --> 00:29:36,880 PROGRAM WHOSE GOAL IS ORGANIZING 699 00:29:36,880 --> 00:29:38,920 BREADTH AND RESEARCH SUPPORTED 700 00:29:38,920 --> 00:29:40,800 BY NIH. 701 00:29:40,800 --> 00:29:43,440 SECOND IS SIPA PROGRAM 702 00:29:43,440 --> 00:29:46,240 SUPPORTING EDUCATIONAL 703 00:29:46,240 --> 00:29:47,040 ACTIVITIES ENCOURAGING 704 00:29:47,040 --> 00:29:48,720 INDIVIDUALS FROM DIVERSE 705 00:29:48,720 --> 00:29:49,400 BACKGROUNDS TO PARTICIPATE AND 706 00:29:49,400 --> 00:29:51,400 FIND CAREERS IN RESEARCH THAT IS 707 00:29:51,400 --> 00:29:54,680 A KIND OF JUST A VERY BRIEF 708 00:29:54,680 --> 00:29:55,680 SUMMARY OF NEW FUNDING 709 00:29:55,680 --> 00:29:59,120 OPPORTUNITIES AND WOULD LIKE TO 710 00:29:59,120 --> 00:30:03,000 HIGHLIGHT TRAINING OPPORTUN 711 00:30:03,000 --> 00:30:03,360 OPPORTUNITIES. 712 00:30:03,360 --> 00:30:05,560 WE HAVE GENERAL F32 AWARD AND 713 00:30:05,560 --> 00:30:09,240 SUPPLEMENTIARY AWARDS AND 714 00:30:09,240 --> 00:30:13,560 DIVERSE MECHANISMS AND F99K00B 715 00:30:13,560 --> 00:30:16,960 SPAN AWARDS THAT IS FUNDING 716 00:30:16,960 --> 00:30:19,800 SENIOR LEVEL GRADUATE STUDENTS 717 00:30:19,800 --> 00:30:20,720 FINISHING OFF DISSERTATION 718 00:30:20,720 --> 00:30:23,160 RESEARCH IN F99 PHASE AND CARRY 719 00:30:23,160 --> 00:30:26,200 WITH THEM FUNDS IN K00 PHASE FOR 720 00:30:26,200 --> 00:30:29,120 POST DOCTORAL FELLOW SHCHS THAT 721 00:30:29,120 --> 00:30:32,720 GIVES ENTRAY TO FINDING TERRIFIC 722 00:30:32,720 --> 00:30:34,720 TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES FOR POST 723 00:30:34,720 --> 00:30:36,160 DOCTORAL PHASE AND WE HAVE OF 724 00:30:36,160 --> 00:30:40,560 COURSE THE BRAIN K99R00 PROGRAM 725 00:30:40,560 --> 00:30:42,800 THAT UNLIKE PARENT K99 PROGRAM 726 00:30:42,800 --> 00:30:48,000 ACROSS NIH IS DIVERSITY FOCUSED 727 00:30:48,000 --> 00:30:48,720 FOR UNDERREPRESENTATIVE GROUPS 728 00:30:48,720 --> 00:30:53,840 AND WOMEN HERE ARE CONSIDERED 729 00:30:53,840 --> 00:30:55,000 UNDERREPRESENTATIVE GROUP AND WE 730 00:30:55,000 --> 00:30:56,440 HAVE ONGOING SUPPLEMENT MANY 731 00:30:56,440 --> 00:30:59,200 EBBING NIX TO BRING IN TRAINEES 732 00:30:59,200 --> 00:31:00,880 AT MANY, MANY DIFFERENT LEVELS 733 00:31:00,880 --> 00:31:03,040 FROM DIVERSE BACKGROUNDS TO HELP 734 00:31:03,040 --> 00:31:05,720 PROMOTE ENTRY INTO BIOMEDICAL 735 00:31:05,720 --> 00:31:06,040 WORKFORCE. 736 00:31:06,040 --> 00:31:08,160 MANY WE ENCOURAGE AND MANY OF 737 00:31:08,160 --> 00:31:10,760 THEM DO WIND UP ACTUALLY 738 00:31:10,760 --> 00:31:12,920 APPLYING FOR COMPETITIVE FUND 739 00:31:12,920 --> 00:31:16,320 AND THIS IS WHAT GENERAL PICTURE 740 00:31:16,320 --> 00:31:18,040 LOOKS LIKE IN TERMS OF BRAIN 741 00:31:18,040 --> 00:31:19,960 FUNDING AND STAY TUNED. MORE TO 742 00:31:19,960 --> 00:31:21,600 COME IN THE NEXT COUPLE OF 743 00:31:21,600 --> 00:31:21,960 MONTHS. 744 00:31:21,960 --> 00:31:25,720 THAT IS THE UPDATE OF WHAT IS 745 00:31:25,720 --> 00:31:31,000 GOING ON ADMINISTRATIVELY AND 746 00:31:31,000 --> 00:31:32,280 PROGRAMWISE AND WOULD LIKE TO DO 747 00:31:32,280 --> 00:31:36,560 AT EACH MEETING AND GIVING A FEW 748 00:31:36,560 --> 00:31:39,360 HIGHLIGHTS OF RECENT ADVANCES OF 749 00:31:39,360 --> 00:31:40,920 INVESTIGATORS FUNDING THERE OUT 750 00:31:40,920 --> 00:31:43,440 IN THE WILD AND COOL PAPER CAME 751 00:31:43,440 --> 00:31:46,320 OUT IN CURRENT BIOLOGY EARLIER 752 00:31:46,320 --> 00:31:47,560 THIS YEAR. 753 00:31:47,560 --> 00:31:50,880 BOB'S GROUP USED UNSUPERVISED 754 00:31:50,880 --> 00:31:54,280 MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUE MO 755 00:31:54,280 --> 00:31:57,320 SEEK DOING VIDEO TRACKING ON 756 00:31:57,320 --> 00:31:59,560 ANIMALS AND CLASSIFYING 757 00:31:59,560 --> 00:32:02,760 QUANTIFYING BEHAVIORS BASED ON 758 00:32:02,760 --> 00:32:04,200 DECOMPOSING MOVEMENTS OF 759 00:32:04,200 --> 00:32:06,120 BEHAVIORS INTO DISCRETE POSES OR 760 00:32:06,120 --> 00:32:08,000 WHAT THEY CALL SYLLABLES AND USE 761 00:32:08,000 --> 00:32:10,480 IT HERE TO QUANTIFY OPEN FIELD 762 00:32:10,480 --> 00:32:12,520 BEHAVIOR AND ACTUALLY OF FEMALE 763 00:32:12,520 --> 00:32:15,760 AND MALE MICE ACROSS -- FEMALE 764 00:32:15,760 --> 00:32:18,440 MICE ACROSS PHASES OF 765 00:32:18,440 --> 00:32:19,960 REPRODUCTIVE CYCBLE AND WHAT 766 00:32:19,960 --> 00:32:22,200 SCHEMATIC LOOKS LIKE THERE AND 767 00:32:22,200 --> 00:32:24,200 EACH MOUSE THEY SORT SYLLABLES 768 00:32:24,200 --> 00:32:26,000 WITH DIFFERENT POSES BY FRACTION 769 00:32:26,000 --> 00:32:29,880 OF USE AND SUCCESSION AND USE 770 00:32:29,880 --> 00:32:30,600 DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION TO 771 00:32:30,600 --> 00:32:32,840 COMPARE NOT ONLY ACROSS 772 00:32:32,840 --> 00:32:37,720 INDIVIDUALS AS WELL AS BETWEEN 773 00:32:37,720 --> 00:32:38,960 AND IN INDIVIDUAL AT DIFFERENT 774 00:32:38,960 --> 00:32:42,880 TIMES AND ACROSS PHASES OF 775 00:32:42,880 --> 00:32:45,120 ESTHER CYCLE THAT GETS AT NOTION 776 00:32:45,120 --> 00:32:47,960 THAT I WILL CALL IT NOTION 777 00:32:47,960 --> 00:32:49,360 GENEROUSLY AND BEHAVIOR AND 778 00:32:49,360 --> 00:32:51,800 MANY, MANY DECADES THIS WAS USED 779 00:32:51,800 --> 00:32:54,400 AS A REASON FOR EXCLUDING FEMALE 780 00:32:54,400 --> 00:32:57,520 ANIMALS FROM STUDY. 781 00:32:57,520 --> 00:33:02,920 WHAT THEY FIND QUITE 782 00:33:02,920 --> 00:33:03,440 INTERESTINGLY IS FEMALE 783 00:33:03,440 --> 00:33:06,760 SPONTANEOUS BEHAVIOR REFLECTING 784 00:33:06,760 --> 00:33:07,920 INDIVIDUAL VARIATION THAT IS 785 00:33:07,920 --> 00:33:09,920 GREATER IN VARIATION TO 786 00:33:09,920 --> 00:33:11,960 AINTEREST IBUTE ACROSS ESTHER 787 00:33:11,960 --> 00:33:15,000 PHASE AND THIS IS JUST THE 788 00:33:15,000 --> 00:33:19,120 DIMENSIONALITY AND THE FACTOR C 789 00:33:19,120 --> 00:33:21,600 AND COVARIATION ON RIGHT YOU SEE 790 00:33:21,600 --> 00:33:22,880 HOOER THAT AMOUNT OF VARIATION 791 00:33:22,880 --> 00:33:27,360 YOU CAN SEE IN BEHAVIORS 792 00:33:27,360 --> 00:33:28,480 ATTRIBUTABLE TO ESTHER PHASES 793 00:33:28,480 --> 00:33:31,400 FAR LESS THAN WHAT YOU ATTRIBUTE 794 00:33:31,400 --> 00:33:34,120 TO SPONTANEOUS BEHAVIOR THAT IS 795 00:33:34,120 --> 00:33:37,440 QUITE INTERESTING AND MORE 796 00:33:37,440 --> 00:33:47,080 INTERESTING IS MAELD THIS 797 00:33:47,080 --> 00:33:48,240 UNDERSCORES IMPORTANCE OF 798 00:33:48,240 --> 00:33:50,920 INCLUDING SEX AS A BIOLOGICAL 799 00:33:50,920 --> 00:33:52,920 VARIABLE BUT UNDERCUTS THE 800 00:33:52,920 --> 00:33:56,520 NOTION OF EXCLUDING FEMALES 801 00:33:56,520 --> 00:33:58,920 BECAUSE OF THIS ESTHER CYCLE 802 00:33:58,920 --> 00:34:01,560 CONTRIBUTION THAT IS A NICE 803 00:34:01,560 --> 00:34:04,440 STUDY THAT I THINK SHOWS THE 804 00:34:04,440 --> 00:34:08,080 POINT IN AN ELEGANT WAY USING A 805 00:34:08,080 --> 00:34:09,200 SOPHISTICATED AND ELEGANT 806 00:34:09,200 --> 00:34:15,400 TECHNIQUE AND I TALKED ABOUT 807 00:34:15,400 --> 00:34:17,040 GROUP FROM [INDISCERNIBLE] GROUP 808 00:34:17,040 --> 00:34:20,600 IN THE PAST ABOUT VIRUSES AS 809 00:34:20,600 --> 00:34:24,760 VECTORS FOR ACCESSING BRAIN CELL 810 00:34:24,760 --> 00:34:25,120 TYPES. 811 00:34:25,120 --> 00:34:27,200 IF YOU -- TALKING TO FOLKS IN 812 00:34:27,200 --> 00:34:28,880 GENE THERAPY WORLD TELLING ME 813 00:34:28,880 --> 00:34:30,360 THREE MOST IMPORTANT THINGS TO 814 00:34:30,360 --> 00:34:32,680 CONSIDER ARE DELIVERY, DELIVERY, 815 00:34:32,680 --> 00:34:35,200 AND DELIVERY AND ONE MODE OF 816 00:34:35,200 --> 00:34:36,640 DELIVERY THAT IS QUITE 817 00:34:36,640 --> 00:34:37,920 ATTRACTIVE IS TO BE ABLE TO 818 00:34:37,920 --> 00:34:42,200 DELIVER A VECTOR WITH A PAYLOAD 819 00:34:42,200 --> 00:34:43,920 INTO THE BLOOD STREAM THAT WILL 820 00:34:43,920 --> 00:34:45,720 FIND WAY INTO THE BRAIN AND 821 00:34:45,720 --> 00:34:47,320 TARGET CELL TYPES THAT WE CARE 822 00:34:47,320 --> 00:34:51,680 ABOUT AND IF ONE CAN TO AVOID 823 00:34:51,680 --> 00:34:52,960 LIVER. THERE ARE MANY TOXIC 824 00:34:52,960 --> 00:34:55,000 SIDE-EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH 825 00:34:55,000 --> 00:34:57,520 MANY GENE THERAPY CONSTRUCTS AND 826 00:34:57,520 --> 00:34:59,880 THESE VECTORS ARE CURRENTLY IN 827 00:34:59,880 --> 00:35:02,320 USE IN GENE THERAPIES AND WIDELY 828 00:35:02,320 --> 00:35:05,520 USED FOR NEUROSCIENCE AND MODEL 829 00:35:05,520 --> 00:35:07,480 SYSTEMS AND USED IN PAST AND 830 00:35:07,480 --> 00:35:10,360 DIRECTED EVOLUTION TO FIND IN 831 00:35:10,360 --> 00:35:12,000 MECHANISM OR PROTEIN AGNOSTIC 832 00:35:12,000 --> 00:35:15,400 WAY VECTORS THAT CROSS 833 00:35:15,400 --> 00:35:17,960 BLOOD/BRAIN BARRIER DOING IT 834 00:35:17,960 --> 00:35:19,480 SUCCESSFULLY USING EVOLUTIONARY 835 00:35:19,480 --> 00:35:21,560 APPROACHES AND FACTORS AVOIDING 836 00:35:21,560 --> 00:35:24,120 LIVER WHICH IS ALSO OF GREAT USE 837 00:35:24,120 --> 00:35:25,880 AND THEY HAVE TAKEN VECTORS 838 00:35:25,880 --> 00:35:27,840 ASKING CAN WE USE THESE TO 839 00:35:27,840 --> 00:35:30,920 IDENTIFY ACTUAL RECEPTORS IN 840 00:35:30,920 --> 00:35:31,840 VASCULATURE THAT MIGHT BE 841 00:35:31,840 --> 00:35:34,480 RESPONSIBLE FOR GETTING VECTORS 842 00:35:34,480 --> 00:35:36,000 ACROSS BLOOD/BRAIN BARRIER INTO 843 00:35:36,000 --> 00:35:37,880 THE TARGET TISSUE AND WHAT THEY 844 00:35:37,880 --> 00:35:40,760 DID HERE AND THEY FLIPPED THEIR 845 00:35:40,760 --> 00:35:43,320 APPROACH AROUND 180°. 846 00:35:43,320 --> 00:35:46,280 USING A SERIES OF QUITE COOL 847 00:35:46,280 --> 00:35:48,200 EXPERIMENTS I DON'T HAVE TIME TO 848 00:35:48,200 --> 00:35:51,520 GET IN HERE THEY FOUND TWO NOVEL 849 00:35:51,520 --> 00:35:53,640 RECEPTORS THAT WERE EXPRESSED IN 850 00:35:53,640 --> 00:35:55,320 THE VASCULATURE. 851 00:35:55,320 --> 00:36:03,920 ONE IS THE PROTEIN CALLED LYSCC1 852 00:36:03,920 --> 00:36:09,200 WHICH IS RESTRICTED TO MOUSE 853 00:36:09,200 --> 00:36:12,160 MIRRORING VASCULATURE ALLOWING 854 00:36:12,160 --> 00:36:13,560 ENTRY OF THESE THREE THAT MEANS 855 00:36:13,560 --> 00:36:16,120 THAT THEY GET IN WELL AND FOUND 856 00:36:16,120 --> 00:36:18,160 QUITE INTERESTINGLY THE 857 00:36:18,160 --> 00:36:20,360 EXPRESSION OF TYPE 4 CARBONIC 858 00:36:20,360 --> 00:36:27,840 AND HYDROS THAT ALLOW ENTRY OF 859 00:36:27,840 --> 00:36:30,280 THESE TWO ENGINEERED VIRUSES 860 00:36:30,280 --> 00:36:32,040 INTO THE CELLS AND WHAT IS COOL 861 00:36:32,040 --> 00:36:34,520 IS THIS IS CONSERVED ACROSS 862 00:36:34,520 --> 00:36:35,760 VERTEBRATES AND THINKING IF THIS 863 00:36:35,760 --> 00:36:38,240 IS CONSERVED ACROSS VERTEBRATES 864 00:36:38,240 --> 00:36:40,760 MAYBE ONE CAN FIND A VIRUS 865 00:36:40,760 --> 00:36:42,680 WORKING ACROSS MULTIPLE 866 00:36:42,680 --> 00:36:46,000 MAMMALIAN SPECIES AND THEY 867 00:36:46,000 --> 00:36:49,000 SHOWED THAT INDEED LET'S SEEIN 868 00:36:49,000 --> 00:36:54,800 DEED WHEN THEY LOOK AT THE ENTRY 869 00:36:54,800 --> 00:36:58,040 OF GFP-TAGGED VECTOR THAT SHOULD 870 00:36:58,040 --> 00:37:00,520 USE CARBONIC AND HYDROS FOR 871 00:37:00,520 --> 00:37:02,480 ENTRY, THESE WERE DEVELOPED IF 872 00:37:02,480 --> 00:37:04,960 IN IN VITRO AND CELL-BASE AD 873 00:37:04,960 --> 00:37:06,880 SAYS AND SEEING HERE NICE ENTRY 874 00:37:06,880 --> 00:37:08,480 OF PARENT VECTOR INTO THE BRAIN 875 00:37:08,480 --> 00:37:10,800 AS WELL AS INTO THE LIVER 876 00:37:10,800 --> 00:37:12,880 SOMEWHAT AS WELL AS AN 877 00:37:12,880 --> 00:37:14,440 ENGINEERED VIRUS THAT SHOULD 878 00:37:14,440 --> 00:37:16,520 BIND TO CARBONIC [INDISCERNIBLE] 879 00:37:16,520 --> 00:37:19,400 4 AND MOUSE KNOCKOUT LACKING 880 00:37:19,400 --> 00:37:21,960 CARBONIC N HIDE RACE 4 YOU CAN 881 00:37:21,960 --> 00:37:24,520 STILL SEE ACCESS TO LIVER AND 882 00:37:24,520 --> 00:37:25,800 OBLATE ACCESS TO THE BRAIN AND 883 00:37:25,800 --> 00:37:28,400 DEMONSTRATES THEY HAVE INDEED 884 00:37:28,400 --> 00:37:30,640 SELECTED VIRUS GET AGO CROSS 885 00:37:30,640 --> 00:37:33,040 BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER AND BINDING 886 00:37:33,040 --> 00:37:35,720 TO THIS AND NOW THEY WENT ON TO 887 00:37:35,720 --> 00:37:38,600 USE ALPHA FOLD BASED INSILICO 888 00:37:38,600 --> 00:37:41,800 PREDICTIONS OF NCAPSIS TO VERIFY 889 00:37:41,800 --> 00:37:43,720 OR PREDICT THIS BIENTDING 890 00:37:43,720 --> 00:37:45,120 AFFINITY AND SPECIFICITY THAT 891 00:37:45,120 --> 00:37:48,600 SEEMED TO WORK OUT PRETTY 892 00:37:48,600 --> 00:37:50,560 NICELY. WHAT THIS MEANS IS THEY 893 00:37:50,560 --> 00:37:53,360 NOW CAN USE INSILICO TRICKS AS 894 00:37:53,360 --> 00:37:56,240 WELL AS BIOCHEMICAL VALIDATION 895 00:37:56,240 --> 00:37:58,640 TO TUNE AND TWEAK TARGETING OF 896 00:37:58,640 --> 00:38:00,800 ENGINEERED VIRUSES BASED ON 897 00:38:00,800 --> 00:38:02,040 KNOWN INTERACTION OF THE 898 00:38:02,040 --> 00:38:04,280 RECEPTOR. OKAY? 899 00:38:04,280 --> 00:38:06,600 THAT IS KIND OF COOL AND THEY 900 00:38:06,600 --> 00:38:07,880 ARE NOT THERE YET AND WHO CAN 901 00:38:07,880 --> 00:38:11,880 SEE IN TERMS OF RELATIVE ENTRY 902 00:38:11,880 --> 00:38:18,400 OF THE ENGINEERED CONSTRUCTS IN 903 00:38:18,400 --> 00:38:20,480 CELL CULTURE AND ASSAY AND 904 00:38:20,480 --> 00:38:22,960 GETTING INTO MOUSE RECEPTOR 905 00:38:22,960 --> 00:38:25,280 MOUSE CARBONIC HIDE DRAS FROM 906 00:38:25,280 --> 00:38:26,680 HUMAN SEQUENCES BUT HAVE 907 00:38:26,680 --> 00:38:28,560 SOMETHING NOW TO WORK WITH. 908 00:38:28,560 --> 00:38:30,560 THIS IS A NICE DEVELOPMENT AND 909 00:38:30,560 --> 00:38:33,320 ANOTHER REASON I BRING THIS 910 00:38:33,320 --> 00:38:34,680 PAPER UP HERE TODZ IS IN THE 911 00:38:34,680 --> 00:38:36,760 PAST WE HAVE TALKED ABOUT 912 00:38:36,760 --> 00:38:38,800 CAPACITY BUILDING U24 GRANTS 913 00:38:38,800 --> 00:38:40,640 THAT WE HAVE GIVEN OUT. WE HAVE 914 00:38:40,640 --> 00:38:44,480 GIVEN OUT ONE GOING ON 2 RIGHT 915 00:38:44,480 --> 00:38:47,360 N 916 00:38:47,360 --> 00:38:47,640 NOW. 917 00:38:47,640 --> 00:38:50,960 FIRST WE GAVE OUT WAS BETWEEN 918 00:38:50,960 --> 00:38:53,120 COLLABORATION BETWEEN CAL TECH 919 00:38:53,120 --> 00:38:56,640 GROUP ANDY STEEL AT CAL POLY 920 00:38:56,640 --> 00:39:00,200 POMONA 20 OR 30 MINUTES EAST OF 921 00:39:00,200 --> 00:39:04,880 CAL TECH AND HISPANIC-SERVING 922 00:39:04,880 --> 00:39:06,240 INSTITUTION AND COOL AND GIVING 923 00:39:06,240 --> 00:39:08,520 ACCESS TO STUDENTS WITH 924 00:39:08,520 --> 00:39:10,120 COGNITIVE RESEARCH AND CONCERNS 925 00:39:10,120 --> 00:39:12,880 ABOUT AUGMENTING PROVIDING A 926 00:39:12,880 --> 00:39:15,240 SERVICE TO THE LARGER R & D 927 00:39:15,240 --> 00:39:17,600 GRANT AND REALLY COOL THING IS A 928 00:39:17,600 --> 00:39:20,040 CO-AUTHOR IN THE PAPER I TOLD 929 00:39:20,040 --> 00:39:25,400 YOU ABOUT WAS ANAYA CROSS-BEE A 930 00:39:25,400 --> 00:39:27,000 SOPHOMORE WHO CONTRIBUTE TODAY 931 00:39:27,000 --> 00:39:28,440 THIS PURE SCIENCE PAPER LOOKING 932 00:39:28,440 --> 00:39:30,880 FORWARD TO SEEING ADDITIONAL 933 00:39:30,880 --> 00:39:32,000 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM STUDENTS 934 00:39:32,000 --> 00:39:34,440 INVOLVED IF IN THESE CAPACITY 935 00:39:34,440 --> 00:39:36,160 BUILDING EFFORTS TO HELP IN 936 00:39:36,160 --> 00:39:37,440 PRODUCTION BUT TO DRIVE RESEARCH 937 00:39:37,440 --> 00:39:39,760 AND DEVELOPMENT OF VERY, VERY 938 00:39:39,760 --> 00:39:43,160 POWERFUL VECTORS AND MYSELF IT 939 00:39:43,160 --> 00:39:44,760 IS A COOL SCIENTIFIC STORY AND 940 00:39:44,760 --> 00:39:47,240 IS N OF 1 THAT WE ARE PERHAPS ON 941 00:39:47,240 --> 00:39:49,040 THE RIGHT TRACK TO BRINGING 942 00:39:49,040 --> 00:39:50,160 STUDENTS IN TO HAVE 943 00:39:50,160 --> 00:39:51,920 OPPORTUNITIES TO REALLY LEARN 944 00:39:51,920 --> 00:39:53,520 ABOUT SCIENCE AND FALL IN LOVE 945 00:39:53,520 --> 00:39:55,760 WITH SCIENCE AND HOPEFULLY 946 00:39:55,760 --> 00:39:58,480 PURSUE A CAREER AND LIFE DURING 947 00:39:58,480 --> 00:40:00,480 THIS KIND OF WORK AND IN NEXT 948 00:40:00,480 --> 00:40:03,400 TWO STUDIES I WANT TO HIGHLIGHT 949 00:40:03,400 --> 00:40:06,200 FOR YOU QUICKLY, THEY SERVED TO 950 00:40:06,200 --> 00:40:09,160 HIGHLIGHT TRANSLATION OF BRAIN 951 00:40:09,160 --> 00:40:11,840 DEVELOPED TECHNOLOGIES IN A 952 00:40:11,840 --> 00:40:12,880 CLINICALLY IMPORTANT DOMAIN. 953 00:40:12,880 --> 00:40:15,120 SO, HERE IS A PAPER THAT WAS 954 00:40:15,120 --> 00:40:17,000 JUST PUBLISHED TWO YEARS AGO 955 00:40:17,000 --> 00:40:20,840 FROM THE GROUP AT UCSF. 956 00:40:20,840 --> 00:40:24,560 [INDISCERNIBLE] CHANG AND STAR. 957 00:40:24,560 --> 00:40:28,120 HERE, THEY HAVE USED 958 00:40:28,120 --> 00:40:36,080 INTERCRANIAL REPORTING TO 959 00:40:36,080 --> 00:40:38,320 PREDICT IN OBJECTIVE WAY STATES 960 00:40:38,320 --> 00:40:40,360 INTERNAL STATES RELATE TODAY 961 00:40:40,360 --> 00:40:42,360 CHRONIC PAIN AND IN OTHER WORDS 962 00:40:42,360 --> 00:40:43,800 IS VERY IMPORTANT TO DEVELOP 963 00:40:43,800 --> 00:40:45,240 OBJECTIVE MARKERS FOR CHRONIC 964 00:40:45,240 --> 00:40:47,280 PAIN TO COME UP WITH BETTER 965 00:40:47,280 --> 00:40:47,600 TREATMENTS. 966 00:40:47,600 --> 00:40:49,760 THIS IS A CASE STUDY WHERE THEY 967 00:40:49,760 --> 00:40:53,280 HAVE FOUR PARTICIPANTS AND THREE 968 00:40:53,280 --> 00:40:55,840 WITH POST TRUCK PAIN AND ANOTHER 969 00:40:55,840 --> 00:40:57,240 WITH PHANTOM LIMB PAIN PLANTED 970 00:40:57,240 --> 00:40:59,680 WITH ELECTRODES IN INTERIOR 971 00:40:59,680 --> 00:41:03,400 SINGULAR CORTEX AS WELL AS 972 00:41:03,400 --> 00:41:06,560 ORBITAL FRONTAL CORTEX AND SEE 973 00:41:06,560 --> 00:41:09,400 SCHEMATIC FROM ONE PATIENT HERE 974 00:41:09,400 --> 00:41:10,800 AND THEY RECORD RECORDINGS OVER 975 00:41:10,800 --> 00:41:13,800 MANY MONTHS AND DO A CAREFUL 976 00:41:13,800 --> 00:41:15,800 SERIES OF MEASUREMENTS REPORT 977 00:41:15,800 --> 00:41:18,080 THE PAIN STATES VALIDATED ACROSS 978 00:41:18,080 --> 00:41:21,040 ASSAYS AND DOING THAT BACK WITH 979 00:41:21,040 --> 00:41:22,600 MEASUREMENTS OF NEURAL ACTIVITY 980 00:41:22,600 --> 00:41:25,600 AND USE POWER FEATURES FROM 981 00:41:25,600 --> 00:41:26,280 THESE DATA. 982 00:41:26,280 --> 00:41:29,040 TO TRAIN A MODEL TO DECODE WHAT 983 00:41:29,040 --> 00:41:32,640 THEY WOULD ATTRIBUTE TO A HIGH 984 00:41:32,640 --> 00:41:35,040 VERSUS LOW-PAYING STATE AND 985 00:41:35,040 --> 00:41:38,320 MODELS REVEAL THAT ACTIVITY IN 986 00:41:38,320 --> 00:41:39,960 ORBITAL FRONTAL CORTEX 987 00:41:39,960 --> 00:41:41,360 CORRELATED QUITE WELL COULD BE 988 00:41:41,360 --> 00:41:43,960 USED AS BIOMARKER OF CHRONIC 989 00:41:43,960 --> 00:41:47,960 PAIN ACROSS ALL FOUR PATIENTS 990 00:41:47,960 --> 00:41:49,480 DESPITE HIGH INTERVARIABILITY 991 00:41:49,480 --> 00:41:52,080 AND SHOW ALSO THAT IN AT LEAST 992 00:41:52,080 --> 00:41:55,200 THREE OUT OF THE FOUR CASES 993 00:41:55,200 --> 00:41:56,640 PATTERNS WERE QUITE DISTINCT 994 00:41:56,640 --> 00:41:59,120 FROM THOSE GENERATED IN RESPONSE 995 00:41:59,120 --> 00:42:01,680 TO ACUTE PAIN OR HEAT STIMULUS 996 00:42:01,680 --> 00:42:03,800 AND COOL THING IS WE ARE GEING 997 00:42:03,800 --> 00:42:06,000 CLOSER TO HAVING OBJECTIVE 998 00:42:06,000 --> 00:42:09,080 BIOMARKER FOR PAIN GOING TO 999 00:42:09,080 --> 00:42:10,840 DOCTOR AND SHOULDER HURTS HOW 1000 00:42:10,840 --> 00:42:13,240 MUCH ON A SCALE OF 1 TO BETWEEN? 1001 00:42:13,240 --> 00:42:15,240 FUZZY WAY OF REPORTING AND WE 1002 00:42:15,240 --> 00:42:16,360 DON'T GET MOMENT TO MOMENT 1003 00:42:16,360 --> 00:42:17,000 INFORMATION FROM THIS AND HERE 1004 00:42:17,000 --> 00:42:19,760 NO YOU WE ARE SEEING DEVELOPMENT 1005 00:42:19,760 --> 00:42:22,120 OF NEURAL ACTIVITY BIOMARKERS 1006 00:42:22,120 --> 00:42:24,480 LIKE WE HAVE SEEN IN OTHER 1007 00:42:24,480 --> 00:42:26,720 STUDIES IN EATING DISORDERS AND 1008 00:42:26,720 --> 00:42:28,680 VARIOUS MOOD DISORDERS THAT 1009 00:42:28,680 --> 00:42:32,320 REALLY HAS POTENTIAL TO PERFORM 1010 00:42:32,320 --> 00:42:34,120 DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION THERAPIES 1011 00:42:34,120 --> 00:42:37,160 AND CLOSE THERAPIES FOR 1012 00:42:37,160 --> 00:42:38,520 PERSONALIZED PAIN MANAGEMENT 1013 00:42:38,520 --> 00:42:40,600 MAKING US THRILLED ABOUT THIS 1014 00:42:40,600 --> 00:42:42,600 RESEARCH IS SCIENCE ADVANCING 1015 00:42:42,600 --> 00:42:44,440 AND INTERFACE BETWEEN BRAIN 1016 00:42:44,440 --> 00:42:45,600 INITIATIVE DEVELOPING 1017 00:42:45,600 --> 00:42:47,600 TECHNOLOGIES AND HEAL INITIATIVE 1018 00:42:47,600 --> 00:42:49,840 SEEKING TO HELP PHYSICIANS AND 1019 00:42:49,840 --> 00:42:52,800 PATIENTS MANAGE PAIN AND REDUCE 1020 00:42:52,800 --> 00:42:55,160 BURDEN OF OPIOID AND OTHER DRUGS 1021 00:42:55,160 --> 00:42:57,400 OF POTENTIALLY ABUSED. 1022 00:42:57,400 --> 00:42:58,960 THIS IS VERY EXCITING AND MANL 1023 00:42:58,960 --> 00:43:00,920 NOW THEY ARE LOOKING TO SEE AND 1024 00:43:00,920 --> 00:43:03,120 FIRST OF ALL TO EXTEND STUDY TO 1025 00:43:03,120 --> 00:43:04,680 MORE PATIENT AND ALSO LOOKING TO 1026 00:43:04,680 --> 00:43:07,000 SEE IF CAN BE USED IN 1027 00:43:07,000 --> 00:43:09,880 PERSONALIZED DVS PARADIGM TO 1028 00:43:09,880 --> 00:43:12,280 CONTROL PATIENT'S PAIN AND 1029 00:43:12,280 --> 00:43:13,400 BEAUTIFUL INTERSECTION BETWEEN 1030 00:43:13,400 --> 00:43:16,120 TWO NIH-WIDE PROGRAMS AND ONE 1031 00:43:16,120 --> 00:43:17,400 DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGIES IN BRAIN 1032 00:43:17,400 --> 00:43:19,920 AND ANOTHER TO ADDRESS A LARGE 1033 00:43:19,920 --> 00:43:21,760 SPECTRUM OF DEVASTATING HUMAN 1034 00:43:21,760 --> 00:43:24,120 BRAIN AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS 1035 00:43:24,120 --> 00:43:26,360 RELATED TO IN THIS CASE PAIN. 1036 00:43:26,360 --> 00:43:27,200 OKAY. 1037 00:43:27,200 --> 00:43:29,040 SO, THE FINAL EXAMPLE I WILL 1038 00:43:29,040 --> 00:43:33,000 GIVE YOU HERE IS A PAPER 1039 00:43:33,000 --> 00:43:37,160 PUBLISHED FROM CAPITAL GROSSO 1040 00:43:37,160 --> 00:43:39,160 GROUP HERE IN MEDICINE AND HAD 1041 00:43:39,160 --> 00:43:42,040 TWO STROKE PATIENTS WITH KRON IB 1042 00:43:42,040 --> 00:43:44,520 UPPER LIMB PARESIS AND LOSS OF 1043 00:43:44,520 --> 00:43:48,000 USE OF ARMS, UPPER LIMBS, ARMS 1044 00:43:48,000 --> 00:43:50,920 AND HANDS, DUE TO STROKE. IDEA 1045 00:43:50,920 --> 00:43:54,720 HERE WAS TO IMPLANT SPINAL CORD 1046 00:43:54,720 --> 00:43:55,920 STIMULATORS AND EPIDURAL SPINAL 1047 00:43:55,920 --> 00:43:58,360 CORD STIMULATORS TO SEE IF THEY 1048 00:43:58,360 --> 00:44:00,200 CAN HELP RECOVER FUNCTION. 1049 00:44:00,200 --> 00:44:02,360 SO, SIMPLISTICALLY ONE CAN THINK 1050 00:44:02,360 --> 00:44:04,680 OF COMMAND COMING DOWN FROM THE 1051 00:44:04,680 --> 00:44:07,200 BRAIN THAT -- THAT INTERSECTS OR 1052 00:44:07,200 --> 00:44:09,040 INTERACTS WITH AND INSTRUCTS THE 1053 00:44:09,040 --> 00:44:11,720 LOCAL CIRCUITRY THAT IS FOUND IN 1054 00:44:11,720 --> 00:44:13,440 THE SPINAL CORD. 1055 00:44:13,440 --> 00:44:17,720 SO, IF THERE IS A LESION THAT 1056 00:44:17,720 --> 00:44:18,320 PREVENTS A STRONG 1057 00:44:18,320 --> 00:44:19,880 [INDISCERNIBLE] FROM COMING DOWN 1058 00:44:19,880 --> 00:44:22,360 AND THEREFORE LOSS OF MOTOR 1059 00:44:22,360 --> 00:44:24,000 FUNCTION OR MOTOR CONTROL OVER 1060 00:44:24,000 --> 00:44:25,960 THE LIMB, PERHAPS IF ONE CAN 1061 00:44:25,960 --> 00:44:28,720 TURN UP THE GAIN AS IT WERE OR 1062 00:44:28,720 --> 00:44:30,760 REDUCE PLASTICITY IN LOCAL 1063 00:44:30,760 --> 00:44:32,160 SPINAL CORD THAT PERHAPS COULD 1064 00:44:32,160 --> 00:44:34,600 HELP RECOVER LOCAL FUNCTION AND 1065 00:44:34,600 --> 00:44:36,920 THIS WITH GREG'S GROUP HAS SHOWN 1066 00:44:36,920 --> 00:44:39,920 AMAZING EFFICACY IN USING THIS 1067 00:44:39,920 --> 00:44:41,240 KIND OF SPINAL CORD STIMULATION 1068 00:44:41,240 --> 00:44:44,400 FOR MOTOR RECOVERY AND SPINAL 1069 00:44:44,400 --> 00:44:46,160 CORD INJURY PATIENTS STILL 1070 00:44:46,160 --> 00:44:49,200 SIGNAL COMING DOWN AND HERE IS 1071 00:44:49,200 --> 00:44:50,680 BEING APPLIED TO HIGH LEVEL AND 1072 00:44:50,680 --> 00:44:52,360 CERVICAL LEVEL RECOVERY IN THE 1073 00:44:52,360 --> 00:44:54,400 STROKE PATIENTS. 1074 00:44:54,400 --> 00:44:56,400 SO, THEY OPTIMIZE THE 1075 00:44:56,400 --> 00:44:58,240 STIMULATION PROTOCOLS WITH EACH 1076 00:44:58,240 --> 00:44:59,920 INDIVIDUAL AND TWO PATIENTS HERE 1077 00:44:59,920 --> 00:45:03,800 THAT ARE VERY EARLY FIRST IN 1078 00:45:03,800 --> 00:45:05,440 HUMAN TRIALS THAT THEN LED TO 1079 00:45:05,440 --> 00:45:07,240 INCREASED MUSCLE ACTIVATIONS YOU 1080 00:45:07,240 --> 00:45:09,440 CAN SEE HERE IN THE CURVES IN 1081 00:45:09,440 --> 00:45:11,880 BLUE FOR EXAMPLE AND RECENTLY 1082 00:45:11,880 --> 00:45:13,560 PATIENT NO. 1 SUFFERED HER 1083 00:45:13,560 --> 00:45:15,400 STROKE 9 YEARS PRIOR TO THE 1084 00:45:15,400 --> 00:45:17,040 STUDY THAT WAS QUITE INTERESTING 1085 00:45:17,040 --> 00:45:20,200 AND QUITE FASCINATING TO SEE 1086 00:45:20,200 --> 00:45:21,240 THIS EFFECT. 1087 00:45:21,240 --> 00:45:24,680 THE AMAZING THING WAS THAT 1088 00:45:24,680 --> 00:45:26,480 IMPROVEMENTS IN -- IN MOTOR 1089 00:45:26,480 --> 00:45:28,880 CONTROL AND STRENGTH, THEY WERE 1090 00:45:28,880 --> 00:45:29,960 JUST PRETTY MUCH IMMEDIATE. 1091 00:45:29,960 --> 00:45:32,480 IT ALSO LASTED UP TO 4 WEEKS. 1092 00:45:32,480 --> 00:45:34,160 THE LAST TIME THAT THEY CHECKED 1093 00:45:34,160 --> 00:45:37,080 ON THIS WITH PATIENTS. 1094 00:45:37,080 --> 00:45:39,840 WHICH SUGGESTS THAT THERE IS 1095 00:45:39,840 --> 00:45:43,320 SOME PLASTICITY GOING ON IN THE 1096 00:45:43,320 --> 00:45:45,600 CIRCUIT ITSELF WHICH IS SEEN IN 1097 00:45:45,600 --> 00:45:47,920 THE SPINAL CORD INJURY STUDIES. 1098 00:45:47,920 --> 00:45:50,160 THIS COULD BE QUITE EXCITING IN 1099 00:45:50,160 --> 00:45:53,840 TERMS OF LONG-TERM RECOVERY 1100 00:45:53,840 --> 00:45:54,400 FUNCTION OVER TIME. 1101 00:45:54,400 --> 00:45:58,480 I WANT TO JUST SHOW YOU A VIDEO 1102 00:45:58,480 --> 00:45:59,800 THEY PROVIDED IN SUPPLEMENT TO 1103 00:45:59,800 --> 00:46:02,080 THE STUDY AND IF A PICTURE IS 1104 00:46:02,080 --> 00:46:04,840 WORTH 1,000 WORDS, A VIDEO IS 1105 00:46:04,840 --> 00:46:06,040 WORTH A MILLION. 1106 00:46:06,040 --> 00:46:08,320 THIS IS THE PATIENT WITH 1107 00:46:08,320 --> 00:46:11,880 LEFT-SIDE HEMIPORESIS AND SEE 1108 00:46:11,880 --> 00:46:15,000 SHE IS STRUGGLING TO EVEN PICK 1109 00:46:15,000 --> 00:46:16,920 UP THE FORK. GOAL HERE IS TO 1110 00:46:16,920 --> 00:46:19,040 STAB THAT THING. I THINK IT IS 1111 00:46:19,040 --> 00:46:22,240 A CHICKEN NUGGET. DIP IT IN THE 1112 00:46:22,240 --> 00:46:25,640 SAUCE AND BRING IT UP TO HER 1113 00:46:25,640 --> 00:46:26,440 MOUTH. 1114 00:46:26,440 --> 00:46:28,280 SO, THIS IS WITH STIMULATION. 1115 00:46:28,280 --> 00:46:32,800 AGAIN, THIS IS 9 YEARS AFTER HER 1116 00:46:32,800 --> 00:46:38,840 STR 1117 00:46:38,840 --> 00:46:40,040 STROKE. 1118 00:46:40,040 --> 00:46:43,240 SO, CAN'T GIT GET THERE. NEEDS 1119 00:46:43,240 --> 00:46:46,920 A LITTLE HELP. THERE. OKAY? 1120 00:46:46,920 --> 00:46:49,120 SO, THE NEXT CLIP WILL BE FROM 1121 00:46:49,120 --> 00:46:57,040 WITH A STIMULATOR ON. 1122 00:46:57,040 --> 00:46:59,680 SHE STILL NEEDS A LITTLE HELP. 1123 00:46:59,680 --> 00:47:01,960 FINE MOTOR CONTROL IS STILL NOT 1124 00:47:01,960 --> 00:47:02,600 QUITE THERE. 1125 00:47:02,600 --> 00:47:08,680 I HOPE THAT YOU CAN SEE A 1126 00:47:08,680 --> 00:47:09,320 SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN HER 1127 00:47:09,320 --> 00:47:12,960 ABILITY TO DO THIS AND 1128 00:47:12,960 --> 00:47:14,920 ACCOMPLISH THIS TASK. SHE AND 1129 00:47:14,920 --> 00:47:16,760 WE ARE HAPPY TO SEE THAT AND 1130 00:47:16,760 --> 00:47:19,240 THIS IS QUITE EXCITING AND VERY 1131 00:47:19,240 --> 00:47:21,280 EARLY STAGE AND ONLY TWO PATIENT 1132 00:47:21,280 --> 00:47:23,440 AND OTHER PATIENT HAD SOME 1133 00:47:23,440 --> 00:47:25,000 IMPROVEMENT AND DEFICITS WERE A 1134 00:47:25,000 --> 00:47:28,920 BIT MORE SERIOUS TO OVERCOME. 1135 00:47:28,920 --> 00:47:30,880 ON RELATIVE SCALE COMPARED TO 1136 00:47:30,880 --> 00:47:33,080 OTHER INTERVENTIONS THAT WE HAVE 1137 00:47:33,080 --> 00:47:35,240 TALKED ABOUT HERE PLACED ON 1138 00:47:35,240 --> 00:47:37,400 EPIDURAL STIMULATOR, THIS SEEMS 1139 00:47:37,400 --> 00:47:41,560 TO BE A BIT LESS INVOLVED AND 1140 00:47:41,560 --> 00:47:46,520 AMAZING THING IS REPETITY THAT 1141 00:47:46,520 --> 00:47:47,480 PATIENTS CAN RECOVER FUNCTION 1142 00:47:47,480 --> 00:47:51,400 YEARS AND YEARS AFTER THAT. AND 1143 00:47:51,400 --> 00:47:52,240 HOPEFULLY LEADING TO 1144 00:47:52,240 --> 00:47:53,640 LONG-LASTING FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY 1145 00:47:53,640 --> 00:47:55,640 AND WHAT UNDERLIES RECOVERY AND 1146 00:47:55,640 --> 00:47:58,880 AGAIN IS A TOPIC OF REALLY QUITE 1147 00:47:58,880 --> 00:48:01,040 FASCINATING STUDY IN LOWER 1148 00:48:01,040 --> 00:48:01,800 SPINAL CORD INJURY CASE WHERE 1149 00:48:01,800 --> 00:48:04,640 THEY ACTUALLY HAVE IDENTIFIED 1150 00:48:04,640 --> 00:48:07,000 CIRCUITS AND CELLS INVOLVED 1151 00:48:07,000 --> 00:48:09,960 BASED ON CELL ATLASING AND 1152 00:48:09,960 --> 00:48:12,200 UNDERSTAND PLASTICITY OF WHAT IS 1153 00:48:12,200 --> 00:48:14,640 GOING ON IN CIRCUITS LOTS TO 1154 00:48:14,640 --> 00:48:17,040 COME ON CLINICAL SIDE AND 1155 00:48:17,040 --> 00:48:18,560 PRESUMABLY LEADS TO BETTER 1156 00:48:18,560 --> 00:48:19,400 THERAPIES AND TREATMENTS. 1157 00:48:19,400 --> 00:48:21,840 THAT IS IT FOR ME AND RIGHT NOW 1158 00:48:21,840 --> 00:48:23,720 AND YOU CAN STAY UP TO DATE 1159 00:48:23,720 --> 00:48:25,360 THROUGH VARIOUS CHANNELS HERE. 1160 00:48:25,360 --> 00:48:26,840 OF COURSE, FOR ANYBODY 1161 00:48:26,840 --> 00:48:29,440 INTERESTED IN BRAIN FUNDING, 1162 00:48:29,440 --> 00:48:31,200 YOUR BEST AND NO. 1 SOURCE FOR 1163 00:48:31,200 --> 00:48:33,960 LEARNING MORE IS TO FIGURE OUT 1164 00:48:33,960 --> 00:48:36,040 WHO THE PROMO OFFICER IS FOR 1165 00:48:36,040 --> 00:48:36,720 THOSE STUDIES. 1166 00:48:36,720 --> 00:48:39,040 I LISTED IN THE TEAM LEADS TO 1167 00:48:39,040 --> 00:48:41,240 CONTACT ONE OF THE FOLKS. THEY 1168 00:48:41,240 --> 00:48:43,160 WILL SEND YOU TO THE RIGHT 1169 00:48:43,160 --> 00:48:45,720 PLACE. YOU CAN LEARN MORE 1170 00:48:45,720 --> 00:48:47,440 SCANNING Q.R. CODE AND GOING TO 1171 00:48:47,440 --> 00:48:51,320 THE WEBSITE. WITH THAT, I WILL 1172 00:48:51,320 --> 00:49:01,560 TAKE QUESTIONS. 1173 00:49:05,200 --> 00:49:08,200 >> NOT SEEING ANY HANDS RAISED 1174 00:49:08,200 --> 00:49:08,400 YET. 1175 00:49:08,400 --> 00:49:11,640 >> I WILL GIVE THEM A MINUTE. 1176 00:49:11,640 --> 00:49:11,920 RIGHT? 1177 00:49:11,920 --> 00:49:14,160 >> YEAH. THAT LAST ONE BROUGHT 1178 00:49:14,160 --> 00:49:15,240 TEARS TO MY EYES. 1179 00:49:15,240 --> 00:49:18,880 IT IS AMAZING. 1180 00:49:18,880 --> 00:49:21,640 >> YEAH. IT IS GOOD TO SEE -- 1181 00:49:21,640 --> 00:49:23,080 IT IS GREAT TO SEE. 1182 00:49:23,080 --> 00:49:26,840 >> SHE IS SO YOUNG, YOU KNOW? 1183 00:49:26,840 --> 00:49:27,720 >> YEAH. 1184 00:49:27,720 --> 00:49:31,760 >> YEAH. 1185 00:49:31,760 --> 00:49:33,760 >> I PRESENTED THAT SLIDE AS 1186 00:49:33,760 --> 00:49:36,360 RECENT SOCIETY OF BIOLOGICAL 1187 00:49:36,360 --> 00:49:37,320 PSYCHIATRY AND I DON'T KNOW IF 1188 00:49:37,320 --> 00:49:40,200 YOU WERE THERE. I HAVE TO STOP 1189 00:49:40,200 --> 00:49:43,680 THE LECTURE. ENTIRE ROOM OF 1190 00:49:43,680 --> 00:49:45,440 1,000 PEOPLE BROKE OUT IN 1191 00:49:45,440 --> 00:49:45,680 APPLAUSE. 1192 00:49:45,680 --> 00:49:46,880 >> I REMEMBER THAT. 1193 00:49:46,880 --> 00:49:49,440 >> TOUCHING. 1194 00:49:49,440 --> 00:49:50,040 >> YEAH. 1195 00:49:50,040 --> 00:49:51,920 >> JIM? 1196 00:49:51,920 --> 00:49:53,920 >> HI, JOHN. THANK YOU FOR 1197 00:49:53,920 --> 00:49:55,920 THAT PRESENTATION. IT IS REALLY 1198 00:49:55,920 --> 00:49:57,320 AMAZING TO SORT OF SEE THE 1199 00:49:57,320 --> 00:49:58,600 THINGS THAT ARE HAPPENING. I 1200 00:49:58,600 --> 00:50:01,240 DID ACTUALLY HAVE A QUESTION 1201 00:50:01,240 --> 00:50:07,000 THOUGH ABOUT THE GENDER OF BRAIN 1202 00:50:07,000 --> 00:50:08,360 INVESTIGATORS AS WELL AS 1203 00:50:08,360 --> 00:50:10,120 UNDER-REPRESENTED MINORITIES AND 1204 00:50:10,120 --> 00:50:11,680 INCREASES YOU ARE SEEING AND 1205 00:50:11,680 --> 00:50:14,640 THINK THAT INCREASES ALBEIT 1206 00:50:14,640 --> 00:50:16,880 SMALL ARE THEY NEW INVESTIGATORS 1207 00:50:16,880 --> 00:50:18,760 OR MORE ESTABLISHED 1208 00:50:18,760 --> 00:50:20,640 INVESTIGATORS STARTING TO GET 1209 00:50:20,640 --> 00:50:24,200 FUNDING IN THIS AREA? 1210 00:50:24,200 --> 00:50:27,960 >> COULDN'T TELL YOU. 1211 00:50:27,960 --> 00:50:30,240 GOOD TO LOOK AT. 1212 00:50:30,240 --> 00:50:33,800 >> SHORT ANSWERS WE DON'T KNOW 1213 00:50:33,800 --> 00:50:35,360 REQUESTED DATE AYOU FROM ON HIGH 1214 00:50:35,360 --> 00:50:38,000 AND HAD IT SENT TO US AND DON'T 1215 00:50:38,000 --> 00:50:40,640 KNOW WHAT COMES WITH THAT. 1216 00:50:40,640 --> 00:50:42,600 >> I WILL GET BACK TO YOU. 1217 00:50:42,600 --> 00:50:44,960 MAYBE SHE CAN ANSWER. I'M NOT 1218 00:50:44,960 --> 00:50:46,600 SO FAMILIAR WITH HOW MUCH 1219 00:50:46,600 --> 00:50:47,560 ADDITIONAL STUFF COMES WITH 1220 00:50:47,560 --> 00:50:51,040 THIS. WE CAN PROBABLY FIGURE IT 1221 00:50:51,040 --> 00:50:51,360 OUT. 1222 00:50:51,360 --> 00:50:52,640 >> MIGHT BEAR ON WHAT AUDIENCE 1223 00:50:52,640 --> 00:50:55,480 YOU ARE ACTUALLY GETTING TO AND 1224 00:50:55,480 --> 00:50:57,400 WHAT AUDIENCE TO BE BETTER ABOUT 1225 00:50:57,400 --> 00:50:58,080 GETTING TO. 1226 00:50:58,080 --> 00:51:01,680 >> RIGHT. ABSOLUTELY. 1227 00:51:01,680 --> 00:51:05,000 KRYSTAL IS OUR DATA. SHE WILL 1228 00:51:05,000 --> 00:51:09,080 LOOK INTO IT. 1229 00:51:09,080 --> 00:51:09,320 SAMIR? 1230 00:51:09,320 --> 00:51:14,360 >> THANK YOU, JOHN. REALLY 1231 00:51:14,360 --> 00:51:16,360 INSPIRING SUMMARY. 1232 00:51:16,360 --> 00:51:18,880 CLARIFICATION QUESTION ON GENOME 1233 00:51:18,880 --> 00:51:20,120 EDITOR CHALLENGE. 1234 00:51:20,120 --> 00:51:21,800 >> IS THAT THROUGH BRAIN 1235 00:51:21,800 --> 00:51:23,440 INITIATIVE OR IN PARTNERSHIP 1236 00:51:23,440 --> 00:51:27,720 WITH IT OR SEPARATE FROM NIH 1237 00:51:27,720 --> 00:51:28,000 ENTIRELY. 1238 00:51:28,000 --> 00:51:30,080 >> LET ME CLARIFY COMMON FUND 1239 00:51:30,080 --> 00:51:32,360 PROGRAM SOMATIC CELL GENOME 1240 00:51:32,360 --> 00:51:34,840 EDITING INITIATIVE THAT AS NAME 1241 00:51:34,840 --> 00:51:36,480 APPLIES IS TO DEVELOP NEW 1242 00:51:36,480 --> 00:51:38,800 TECHNOLOGIES FOR GENE EDITING 1243 00:51:38,800 --> 00:51:41,920 GENE THERAPIES USING GENE 1244 00:51:41,920 --> 00:51:43,320 EDITING COMMON PROJECT SOURCE OF 1245 00:51:43,320 --> 00:51:47,640 FUNDING ANNOUNCED CHALLENGED 1246 00:51:47,640 --> 00:51:48,920 PRIZE MECHANISM IN HOPES GETTING 1247 00:51:48,920 --> 00:51:52,040 OUT OF THE BOX NEW 1248 00:51:52,040 --> 00:51:53,120 TRANSFORMATIVE METHODS PRECISION 1249 00:51:53,120 --> 00:51:57,920 GENE EDITING AND FOR GETTING 1250 00:51:57,920 --> 00:51:59,000 PAYLOADS ACROSS BLOOD BRAIN 1251 00:51:59,000 --> 00:52:01,240 BARRIER AND COMMON PROJECT 1252 00:52:01,240 --> 00:52:03,800 COMANAGED BY NCATS AND NDS AND 1253 00:52:03,800 --> 00:52:05,800 WE LEARN BD THAT GETTING GREAT 1254 00:52:05,800 --> 00:52:08,280 CASE OF SCIENCE FOMO THAT 1255 00:52:08,280 --> 00:52:10,360 COMPLEMENTS WHAT WE ARE DOG AND 1256 00:52:10,360 --> 00:52:12,360 WANT TO SEE THIS PROGRAM 1257 00:52:12,360 --> 00:52:12,640 SUCCEED. 1258 00:52:12,640 --> 00:52:14,880 WE ARE SIGNED ON TO IT DEPENDING 1259 00:52:14,880 --> 00:52:16,840 ON PROJECTS COMING IN WE MAY PAY 1260 00:52:16,840 --> 00:52:18,960 FOR SOME OF THEM. PROGRAM IS 1261 00:52:18,960 --> 00:52:20,600 FULLY FUNDED AND GOOD FOR US TO 1262 00:52:20,600 --> 00:52:22,400 BE INVOLVED FOR A COUPLE 1263 00:52:22,400 --> 00:52:22,920 REASONS. 1264 00:52:22,920 --> 00:52:25,480 ONE, TO BE ABLE TO FUND GREAT 1265 00:52:25,480 --> 00:52:27,200 SCIENCE IN OUR SPACE IF IT COMES 1266 00:52:27,200 --> 00:52:29,000 IN AND GIVES DIRECT VISIBILITY 1267 00:52:29,000 --> 00:52:31,240 WHAT WILL BE OUT THERE. YOU CAN 1268 00:52:31,240 --> 00:52:34,440 IMAGINE A LOT OF OVERLAP. 1269 00:52:34,440 --> 00:52:37,000 NOW, THEY ARE LOOKING FOR OUT OF 1270 00:52:37,000 --> 00:52:40,840 THE BOX TECHNOLOGIES AND WHEN WE 1271 00:52:40,840 --> 00:52:44,720 LAUNCHED THE PROGRAM INITIAL 1272 00:52:44,720 --> 00:52:47,360 CALL WAS FOR DEVELOPING VECTORS 1273 00:52:47,360 --> 00:52:48,680 TO ACCESS BRAIN CELL TYPES. 1274 00:52:48,680 --> 00:52:51,000 WE LEFT IT OPEN AND DID NOT 1275 00:52:51,000 --> 00:52:53,720 RESTRICT IT TO VECTORS AND 1276 00:52:53,720 --> 00:52:55,960 DIDN'T RESTREKT ANY ONE VECTOR 1277 00:52:55,960 --> 00:52:59,040 VIRAL AND NONVIRAL AND TURNING 1278 00:52:59,040 --> 00:53:01,920 OUT STRONGEST APPLICATIONS THAT 1279 00:53:01,920 --> 00:53:05,000 CAME IN WERE EV BASED AND WILL 1280 00:53:05,000 --> 00:53:08,920 SEE WHAT COMES IN, IN FUTURE AND 1281 00:53:08,920 --> 00:53:13,400 PRETTY COOL STUFF GOING IN 1282 00:53:13,400 --> 00:53:14,840 NANOPARTICLE DELIVERY SPACE AND 1283 00:53:14,840 --> 00:53:15,920 HAVEN'T SEEN IT YET AND PERHAPS 1284 00:53:15,920 --> 00:53:17,760 WILL SEE IT COME IN AND PERHAPS 1285 00:53:17,760 --> 00:53:19,600 SOMETHING WILL COME IN THAT WILL 1286 00:53:19,600 --> 00:53:21,160 BE REALLY COOL AND KNOW THERE IS 1287 00:53:21,160 --> 00:53:24,280 SOMETHING GOING ON OUT THERE IN 1288 00:53:24,280 --> 00:53:28,600 THE NONBRAIN SPACE SO FAR IN 1289 00:53:28,600 --> 00:53:31,320 NONVIRAL DELIVERY ACROSS 1290 00:53:31,320 --> 00:53:33,520 BLOOD/BRAIN BARRIER AND ARE 1291 00:53:33,520 --> 00:53:35,880 KEEPING EYES OPEN AND LOOKING 1292 00:53:35,880 --> 00:53:36,640 FOR OPPORTUNITIES TO PUSH THIS 1293 00:53:36,640 --> 00:53:37,240 SCIENCE FORWARD. 1294 00:53:37,240 --> 00:53:37,920 >> [INDISCERNIBLE]. 1295 00:53:37,920 --> 00:53:41,440 >> ABSOLUTELY. YEAH. 1296 00:53:41,440 --> 00:53:42,360 >> THANK YOU. 1297 00:53:42,360 --> 00:53:47,440 >> >> DAVID. 1298 00:53:47,440 --> 00:53:57,200 >> YEAH. GENE THERAPY SPACE 1299 00:53:57,200 --> 00:53:59,320 BOTH ARMENT MENTARIUM AND GRAND 1300 00:53:59,320 --> 00:54:01,360 PRIZE AND INTRODUCTIONS AND 1301 00:54:01,360 --> 00:54:05,880 COLLEAGUES INVOLVED AT FDA AND 1302 00:54:05,880 --> 00:54:07,840 ENTIRE BIOLOGIC CENTERS IS 1303 00:54:07,840 --> 00:54:09,040 INTERESTING ADVANCING THERAPIES 1304 00:54:09,040 --> 00:54:11,520 TO HUMAN TRANSLATION AND TALKING 1305 00:54:11,520 --> 00:54:13,440 ABOUT MANUFACTURING AND VARIETY 1306 00:54:13,440 --> 00:54:15,200 OF PURCHASES AND HAPPY TO 1307 00:54:15,200 --> 00:54:17,280 PROVIDE CONNECTIONS AS THEY GET 1308 00:54:17,280 --> 00:54:18,000 CLOSER TO [INDISCERNIBLE]. 1309 00:54:18,000 --> 00:54:20,040 >> APPRECIATE THAT. SO FAR ALL 1310 00:54:20,040 --> 00:54:21,800 DIRECTLY BRAIN FUNDED PROJECTS 1311 00:54:21,800 --> 00:54:23,640 ARE NOT IN HUMAN CLINICAL SPACE 1312 00:54:23,640 --> 00:54:26,600 AND ARE REALLY JUST DEVELOPING 1313 00:54:26,600 --> 00:54:27,360 GROUNDWORK TOOLS. 1314 00:54:27,360 --> 00:54:30,160 YOU CAN SEE WE ARE REALLY HOPING 1315 00:54:30,160 --> 00:54:33,480 WHATEVER WE DEVELOP FOR 1316 00:54:33,480 --> 00:54:36,320 NON-HUMAN MODELS COULD BE 1317 00:54:36,320 --> 00:54:39,600 APPLIED ONE EXAMPLE I GAVE YOU 1318 00:54:39,600 --> 00:54:41,960 GENE THERAPY CONSORTIUM HAS FDA 1319 00:54:41,960 --> 00:54:43,480 FOLKS AND BETTER AND SOMETHING 1320 00:54:43,480 --> 00:54:45,440 TO BE IN TOUCH WITH YOU ABOUT SO 1321 00:54:45,440 --> 00:54:49,080 WE CAN STAY AHEAD OF THE GAME 1322 00:54:49,080 --> 00:54:52,480 NOT PLAYING CATCH UP ONCE WE 1323 00:54:52,480 --> 00:54:54,280 FIND THESE THINGS. 1324 00:54:54,280 --> 00:54:59,640 >> OKAY. OTHER QUESTIONS OR 1325 00:54:59,640 --> 00:55:01,920 COMMENTS? 1326 00:55:01,920 --> 00:55:09,680 >> OUR GROUP HAS BEEN RUNNING 1327 00:55:09,680 --> 00:55:12,200 POINT CONTENT BETWEEN BRAIN AND 1328 00:55:12,200 --> 00:55:14,600 COMMON FUND PROJECT AND SCG 1329 00:55:14,600 --> 00:55:17,560 PROJECT AND IF ANY QUESTIONS YOU 1330 00:55:17,560 --> 00:55:21,240 CAN FIND, FIND ME AND WE CAN 1331 00:55:21,240 --> 00:55:22,280 TALK MORE ABOUT THAT. 1332 00:55:22,280 --> 00:55:25,080 >> OKAY. OTHERS? 1333 00:55:25,080 --> 00:55:27,040 HOW ARE WE DOING ON TIME? 1334 00:55:27,040 --> 00:55:29,120 >> WE ARE FINE AND A LITTLE 1335 00:55:29,120 --> 00:55:31,720 AHEAD. 8 MINUTES AHEAD. WE CAN 1336 00:55:31,720 --> 00:55:35,600 MOVE TO DR. GRADY IF SHE IS -- 1337 00:55:35,600 --> 00:55:37,720 >> CHRISTINE, YOU HERE? 1338 00:55:37,720 --> 00:55:38,440 >> I'M HERE. 1339 00:55:38,440 --> 00:55:39,600 >> GREAT TO SEE YOU. 1340 00:55:39,600 --> 00:55:40,880 >> NICE TO SEE YOU. 1341 00:55:40,880 --> 00:55:47,240 THANK YOU FOR THE VIDEO WORTH A 1342 00:55:47,240 --> 00:55:48,920 MILLION WORDS. 1343 00:55:48,920 --> 00:55:50,640 IT WAS BEAUTIFUL. READY FOR ME. 1344 00:55:50,640 --> 00:55:53,120 >> WE ARE READY, YEAH. 1345 00:55:53,120 --> 00:55:57,440 >> THANKS FOR PUTTING ME ON THE 1346 00:55:57,440 --> 00:56:00,880 AGENDA I'M CHRISTINE GRADY. 1347 00:56:00,880 --> 00:56:03,760 I THOUGHT I WOULD DO IN A FEW 1348 00:56:03,760 --> 00:56:04,680 MINUTES THREE THINGS. 1349 00:56:04,680 --> 00:56:12,760 ONE IS JUST SAY A WORD ABOUT 1350 00:56:12,760 --> 00:56:15,760 WHAT NEUROETHICS WORKING GROUP 1351 00:56:15,760 --> 00:56:19,760 IS FOR ANYBODY THAT DOESN'T KNOW 1352 00:56:19,760 --> 00:56:22,000 MULTICOUNCIL WORKING GROUP. 1353 00:56:22,000 --> 00:56:25,280 IT WAS AN ACRONYM GIVEN TO IT BY 1354 00:56:25,280 --> 00:56:28,480 HANK WHO USED TO BE ON THE 1355 00:56:28,480 --> 00:56:31,000 COUNCIL. IT -- THE NOOG IS A 1356 00:56:31,000 --> 00:56:34,160 GROUP OF NEUROENL CYSTS AND 1357 00:56:34,160 --> 00:56:35,480 NEUROSCIENTISTS WITH BRAIN AND 1358 00:56:35,480 --> 00:56:37,320 INPUT RELATED TO ETHICAL AND 1359 00:56:37,320 --> 00:56:39,160 SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF BRAIN 1360 00:56:39,160 --> 00:56:41,040 FUNDED RESEARCH AND ARE MEMBERS 1361 00:56:41,040 --> 00:56:42,360 WE SHARE AND SEVERAL PEOPLE PART 1362 00:56:42,360 --> 00:56:44,760 OF THE MULTICOUNCIL WORKING 1363 00:56:44,760 --> 00:56:46,920 GROUP ARE ALSO MEMBERS OF NOOG. 1364 00:56:46,920 --> 00:56:52,040 IN DOING AND PROVIDING INPUT WE 1365 00:56:52,040 --> 00:56:54,400 HELP TO IDENTIFY ETHICAL 1366 00:56:54,400 --> 00:56:56,000 CHALLENGES THAT THE BRAIN MIGHT 1367 00:56:56,000 --> 00:56:58,000 ENCOUNTER IN WORK THEY ARE DOING 1368 00:56:58,000 --> 00:56:59,840 AND PROVIDE ETHICS CONSULTATIONS 1369 00:56:59,840 --> 00:57:03,280 TO RESEARCHERS FUNDED BY BRAIN 1370 00:57:03,280 --> 00:57:06,400 AND PROGRAM STAFF AND IDENTIFY 1371 00:57:06,400 --> 00:57:07,280 NEUROETHICS RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1372 00:57:07,280 --> 00:57:10,960 THAT MIGHT BE IMPORTANT TO BE 1373 00:57:10,960 --> 00:57:13,120 ADDRESSED AND PROVIDE GUIDANCE 1374 00:57:13,120 --> 00:57:15,640 ON KEY ETHICAL CHALLENGES. 1375 00:57:15,640 --> 00:57:18,040 I WANTED TO TALK ABOUT TWO 1376 00:57:18,040 --> 00:57:19,680 THINGS WE ARE ONE THAT WE ARE 1377 00:57:19,680 --> 00:57:21,560 PLANNING AND THAT WE HAVE JUST 1378 00:57:21,560 --> 00:57:23,480 COMPLETED AND ONE IS A WORKSHOP 1379 00:57:23,480 --> 00:57:25,600 BEING PLANNED FOR JULY OF THIS 1380 00:57:25,600 --> 00:57:25,800 YEAR. 1381 00:57:25,800 --> 00:57:28,600 THIS IS A WORKSHOP THAT IS ON 1382 00:57:28,600 --> 00:57:30,200 THE ETHICS OF SHARING INDIVIDUAL 1383 00:57:30,200 --> 00:57:32,040 LEVEL HUMAN BRAIN DATA THAT IS 1384 00:57:32,040 --> 00:57:34,840 COLLECTED IN RESEARCH. IT IS 1385 00:57:34,840 --> 00:57:37,720 PLANNED FOR JULY 7 TAENTH AND 1386 00:57:37,720 --> 00:57:39,800 18TH AND WILL BE A HYBRID 1387 00:57:39,800 --> 00:57:41,240 MEETING AND WE HOPE THAT PEOPLE 1388 00:57:41,240 --> 00:57:43,320 WILL BE IN PERSON IN BETHESDA. 1389 00:57:43,320 --> 00:57:47,320 IT WILL ALSO BE AN OPTION TO 1390 00:57:47,320 --> 00:57:48,720 PARTICIPATE VIRTUALLY. 1391 00:57:48,720 --> 00:57:52,000 WORKSHOP WAS MOTIVATED BY NUMBER 1392 00:57:52,000 --> 00:57:53,960 OF ONGOING DISCUSSIONS ABOUT 1393 00:57:53,960 --> 00:57:58,320 DATA SHARING. FIRST IT CAN 1394 00:57:58,320 --> 00:57:59,440 ACCELERATE SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS 1395 00:57:59,440 --> 00:58:01,000 MAXIMIZING SOCIAL VALUE OF 1396 00:58:01,000 --> 00:58:02,960 RESEARCH SEEMING TO BE 1397 00:58:02,960 --> 00:58:05,960 IMPERATIVE TO SHARE DATA WHEN 1398 00:58:05,960 --> 00:58:08,080 POSSIBLE AND NUMBER OF POLICIES 1399 00:58:08,080 --> 00:58:11,400 INCLUDING ONE THAT BRAIN 1400 00:58:11,400 --> 00:58:13,200 INITIATIVE HAS ON SHARING DATA 1401 00:58:13,200 --> 00:58:14,840 AND PEOPLE WORRIED IN THE PAST 1402 00:58:14,840 --> 00:58:17,080 ABOUT POTENTIAL OF RISKS SHARING 1403 00:58:17,080 --> 00:58:18,800 HUMAN DATA FOR INDIVIDUAL 1404 00:58:18,800 --> 00:58:20,160 PARTICIPANTS AND GROUPS IMPACTED 1405 00:58:20,160 --> 00:58:21,880 ABOUT I -- THAT MIGHT BE 1406 00:58:21,880 --> 00:58:25,600 IMPACTED BY INFERENCES MADE FROM 1407 00:58:25,600 --> 00:58:26,480 THE DATA. 1408 00:58:26,480 --> 00:58:27,600 THERE MIGHT BE PARTICULAR 1409 00:58:27,600 --> 00:58:29,760 CONCERN ABOUT HARMS ARISING FROM 1410 00:58:29,760 --> 00:58:31,880 SHARING NEURAL DATA AND NEURAL 1411 00:58:31,880 --> 00:58:34,600 DATA IS NOT A MONOLITH AS YOU 1412 00:58:34,600 --> 00:58:35,320 ALL KNOW. 1413 00:58:35,320 --> 00:58:36,840 KINDS OF HARMS AND EXTENT TO 1414 00:58:36,840 --> 00:58:40,040 WHICH SHARING DATA CAN CAUSE 1415 00:58:40,040 --> 00:58:42,000 HARM LIKELY VARIES CONSIDERABLY 1416 00:58:42,000 --> 00:58:44,680 BY NATURE OF THE DATA AND 1417 00:58:44,680 --> 00:58:47,120 WORKSHOP IS AIMING TO DETERMINE 1418 00:58:47,120 --> 00:58:49,240 WHETHER OR NOT CATEGORIZING 1419 00:58:49,240 --> 00:58:51,040 NEURAL DATA BY POTENTIAL RISKS 1420 00:58:51,040 --> 00:58:53,640 OF DATA SHARING MIGHT HELP 1421 00:58:53,640 --> 00:58:54,960 INFORM RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS 1422 00:58:54,960 --> 00:58:57,240 ABOUT RISKS OF DATA SHARING AND 1423 00:58:57,240 --> 00:58:59,560 RESEARCHERS ABOUT THE KINDS OF 1424 00:58:59,560 --> 00:59:01,160 SAFEGUARDS THAT THEY MAY WANT OR 1425 00:59:01,160 --> 00:59:02,800 THAT THEY SHOULD IMPLEMENT WHEN 1426 00:59:02,800 --> 00:59:05,920 THEY ARE COLLECTING DATA AND 1427 00:59:05,920 --> 00:59:07,920 SHARING DATA. 1428 00:59:07,920 --> 00:59:10,240 PROPOSAL AT MOMENT AND PLAN AT 1429 00:59:10,240 --> 00:59:12,760 MOMENT IS TO BRING TOGETHER 1430 00:59:12,760 --> 00:59:14,840 RELEVANT STAKEHOLDERS TO ADDRESS 1431 00:59:14,840 --> 00:59:18,400 A FEW KEY QUESTIONS LIKE WHAT 1432 00:59:18,400 --> 00:59:21,720 TYPE OF DATA DO DIFFERENT 1433 00:59:21,720 --> 00:59:23,520 NEUROTECHNOLOGIES COLLECT AND 1434 00:59:23,520 --> 00:59:23,760 STORE? 1435 00:59:23,760 --> 00:59:28,520 WHAT INFERENCES CAN BE MADE FROM 1436 00:59:28,520 --> 00:59:31,320 DATA AND RISKS SHARING FROM DATA 1437 00:59:31,320 --> 00:59:33,640 AND WHAT WE SHOULD TELL 1438 00:59:33,640 --> 00:59:36,160 POTENTIAL PARTICIPANTS ABOUT 1439 00:59:36,160 --> 00:59:37,160 THOSE RISK MOORNDZ INFORMATION 1440 00:59:37,160 --> 00:59:39,040 ABOUT THAT WILL COME SOON AND 1441 00:59:39,040 --> 00:59:42,360 HOPEFULLY SOME WILL BE 1442 00:59:42,360 --> 00:59:44,240 INTERESTED IN PARTICIPATING. 1443 00:59:44,240 --> 00:59:45,640 SECOND THING TO TELL YOU ABOUT 1444 00:59:45,640 --> 00:59:49,600 IS A CONSULT DONE BY NOOG AT 1445 00:59:49,600 --> 00:59:52,200 JANUARY MEETING. 1446 00:59:52,200 --> 00:59:53,800 NEUROETHICS WORKING GROUP MEETS 1447 00:59:53,800 --> 00:59:55,520 TWICE A YEAR, ONCE IN JANUARY 1448 00:59:55,520 --> 00:59:58,560 AND ONCE IN AUGUST. WE DON'T 1449 00:59:58,560 --> 01:00:00,680 MEET IN MAY AS YOU ALL DO. 1450 01:00:00,680 --> 01:00:02,560 JANUARY WE HAD A CONSULT 1451 01:00:02,560 --> 01:00:04,680 RECENTLY IN THE LAST FEW WEEKS, 1452 01:00:04,680 --> 01:00:08,160 ACTUALLY. DR. FARHANI PRESENTED 1453 01:00:08,160 --> 01:00:12,600 SUMMARY OF CONSULT TO NIMH 1454 01:00:12,600 --> 01:00:13,560 CONSULT AND CONSULT WAS ABOUT 1455 01:00:13,560 --> 01:00:16,160 THE BRAIN INITIATIVE CELL ATLAS 1456 01:00:16,160 --> 01:00:19,800 NETWORK THAT IS AS YOU KNOW 1457 01:00:19,800 --> 01:00:21,400 BUILDING REFERENCE BRAIN CELL 1458 01:00:21,400 --> 01:00:23,480 ATLAS FOUNDATIONAL FRAMEWORK 1459 01:00:23,480 --> 01:00:27,360 ACROSS SPECIES STUDY OF BRAIN 1460 01:00:27,360 --> 01:00:34,720 EVOLUTION AND FUNCTION BY CAN 1461 01:00:34,720 --> 01:00:37,240 ACRONYM OF THAT PRIMARILY POST 1462 01:00:37,240 --> 01:00:40,960 MORTEM AND SOMETIMES LIVING 1463 01:00:40,960 --> 01:00:43,240 DONORS FROM SURGICAL RESECTIONS 1464 01:00:43,240 --> 01:00:46,240 AND BICAN IS COLLECTING AND 1465 01:00:46,240 --> 01:00:47,480 SHARING PRIMARY SEQUENCE DATE 1466 01:00:47,480 --> 01:00:49,840 THAW IS POTENTIALLY 1467 01:00:49,840 --> 01:00:50,920 RE-IDENTIFIABLE THAT RAISES 1468 01:00:50,920 --> 01:00:52,800 QUESTIONS ABOUT THE RELATIVE 1469 01:00:52,800 --> 01:00:55,640 MERITS AND RISKS OF OPEN ACCESS 1470 01:00:55,640 --> 01:00:59,280 VERSUS CONTROLLED ACCESS OF 1471 01:00:59,280 --> 01:01:00,720 THOSE GENOMIC PRIMARY SEQUENCING 1472 01:01:00,720 --> 01:01:03,280 DATA THAT IS WHAT THE CONSULT 1473 01:01:03,280 --> 01:01:04,200 WAS ABOUT. 1474 01:01:04,200 --> 01:01:07,200 IN JANUARY, THE NOOG HEARD FROM 1475 01:01:07,200 --> 01:01:08,720 SEVERAL PROGRAM STAFF ABOUT THIS 1476 01:01:08,720 --> 01:01:13,240 ISSUE AND SOME OTHER ENTITIES AT 1477 01:01:13,240 --> 01:01:15,840 NIMH THAT HAVE CHOSEN CLOSED AND 1478 01:01:15,840 --> 01:01:20,120 OPEN DATA SHARING AND DR. ELLEN 1479 01:01:20,120 --> 01:01:21,720 CLAYTON AN EXPERT IN THE FIELD 1480 01:01:21,720 --> 01:01:24,640 OF PRIVACY SHARING AND DATA AND 1481 01:01:24,640 --> 01:01:27,800 COUPLE TAKEAWAY POINTS PRESENTED 1482 01:01:27,800 --> 01:01:30,040 TO NIMH COUNCIL. 1483 01:01:30,040 --> 01:01:32,000 ONE IS APPARENTLY INSUFFICIENT 1484 01:01:32,000 --> 01:01:34,280 OR NO CLEAR EVIDENCE THAT IS 1485 01:01:34,280 --> 01:01:35,720 QUANTIFYING EITHER ADDED 1486 01:01:35,720 --> 01:01:39,440 BENEFITS OR ADDED RISKS OF 1487 01:01:39,440 --> 01:01:42,520 OPENED DATA SHARING RELATIVE TO 1488 01:01:42,520 --> 01:01:43,920 CONTROL DATA SHARING AND WITHOUT 1489 01:01:43,920 --> 01:01:45,720 THOSE KINDS OF CLEAR -- WITHOUT 1490 01:01:45,720 --> 01:01:47,560 THAT CLEAR EVIDENCE, IT IS 1491 01:01:47,560 --> 01:01:48,680 REALLY HARD TO DETERMINE WHAT 1492 01:01:48,680 --> 01:01:50,800 THE RELATIVE MERITS ARE AND HOW 1493 01:01:50,800 --> 01:01:54,720 TO -- AND WHAT -- HOW THE STUDY 1494 01:01:54,720 --> 01:01:56,320 SHOULD BE PROCEEDED. 1495 01:01:56,320 --> 01:01:58,680 THE GROUP FELT THAT IN THE 1496 01:01:58,680 --> 01:02:00,120 ABSENCE OF CLEAR DATA 1497 01:02:00,120 --> 01:02:03,480 QUANTIFYING RISKS AND BENEFITS 1498 01:02:03,480 --> 01:02:06,000 THAT WE SHOULD HAVE MORE 1499 01:02:06,000 --> 01:02:07,880 ARTICULATION OR MORE CLEAR 1500 01:02:07,880 --> 01:02:09,480 ARTICULATION OF WHAT BENEFITS 1501 01:02:09,480 --> 01:02:13,240 ARE IN ORDER TO JUSTIFY 1502 01:02:13,240 --> 01:02:14,440 POTENTIAL RISKS. 1503 01:02:14,440 --> 01:02:17,040 AND ALSO SUGGESTED THAT MAYBE 1504 01:02:17,040 --> 01:02:20,440 IMBEDDING ADDITIONAL BIOEDGE CIS 1505 01:02:20,440 --> 01:02:22,160 IN [INDISCERNIBLE] PROJECTS 1506 01:02:22,160 --> 01:02:23,880 ALTHOUGH THERE IS SOME INVOLVED 1507 01:02:23,880 --> 01:02:26,200 THAT COULD CONSIST OF SOME 1508 01:02:26,200 --> 01:02:27,480 CHALLENGES AND COLLECTING THESE 1509 01:02:27,480 --> 01:02:28,600 KINDS OF DATA AS WELL. 1510 01:02:28,600 --> 01:02:30,280 THAT IS ALL I WANTED TO TELL YOU 1511 01:02:30,280 --> 01:02:32,840 ABOUT THE NOOG. I'M HAPPY TO 1512 01:02:32,840 --> 01:02:34,440 ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS OR IF ANY 1513 01:02:34,440 --> 01:02:36,920 OF THE OTHER MEMBERS OF NOOG WHO 1514 01:02:36,920 --> 01:02:38,880 WANT TO ADD TO WHAT I SAID OR 1515 01:02:38,880 --> 01:02:45,560 WANT TO JOIN IN, GO AHEAD. 1516 01:02:45,560 --> 01:02:47,200 >> THANK YOU, CHRISTINE. 1517 01:02:47,200 --> 01:02:52,280 >> YOU'RE WELCOME, JOHN. 1518 01:02:52,280 --> 01:02:56,360 I WISH I HAD A FANCY VIDEO TO 1519 01:02:56,360 --> 01:02:56,560 SHOW. 1520 01:02:56,560 --> 01:02:59,840 >> WE WILL GET YOU ONE. 1521 01:02:59,840 --> 01:03:02,400 >> OKAY. 1522 01:03:02,400 --> 01:03:05,200 >> OKAY. 1523 01:03:05,200 --> 01:03:07,560 WELL, STAY TUNED. LOTS OF GREAT 1524 01:03:07,560 --> 01:03:08,640 STUFF IS HAPPENING IN THIS 1525 01:03:08,640 --> 01:03:13,080 SPACE. I REALLY APPRECIATE 1526 01:03:13,080 --> 01:03:14,760 EFFORTS OF CHRISTINE AND 1527 01:03:14,760 --> 01:03:16,680 [INDISCERNIBLE] AS CO-CHAIRS BUT 1528 01:03:16,680 --> 01:03:19,080 ENTIRE GROUP HAS REALLY BROUGHT 1529 01:03:19,080 --> 01:03:20,960 TO LIGHT VERY IMPORTANT AND 1530 01:03:20,960 --> 01:03:23,080 REALLY INTERESTING TOPICS FOR 1531 01:03:23,080 --> 01:03:23,840 DISCUSSION. 1532 01:03:23,840 --> 01:03:27,560 WE REALLY DO BENEFIT FROM ALL OF 1533 01:03:27,560 --> 01:03:29,600 THAT. 1534 01:03:29,600 --> 01:03:32,440 >> OKAY. HUGO, YOUR CAMERA IS 1535 01:03:32,440 --> 01:03:34,760 ON. I TAKE IT YOU ARE READY ON 1536 01:03:34,760 --> 01:03:35,280 YOUR END? 1537 01:03:35,280 --> 01:03:36,440 >> I AM. 1538 01:03:36,440 --> 01:03:38,680 >> WE HAVE A TREAT TODAY AT 1539 01:03:38,680 --> 01:03:41,760 TODAY'S MEETING AND SCIENTIFIC 1540 01:03:41,760 --> 01:03:45,760 PRESENTATION FROM ONE OF THE 1541 01:03:45,760 --> 01:03:47,320 NCWG MEMBERS AND [INDISCERNIBLE] 1542 01:03:47,320 --> 01:03:50,760 REPRESENTATIVE FROM CHILD HEALTH 1543 01:03:50,760 --> 01:03:53,320 NICHD DRAND BELLIAN AND IS 1544 01:03:53,320 --> 01:03:54,920 DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR AT 1545 01:03:54,920 --> 01:03:57,160 COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND LAB IS 1546 01:03:57,160 --> 01:04:00,360 VERY WELL KNOWN FOR DEVELOPING 1547 01:04:00,360 --> 01:04:04,440 VARIOUS GENETIC SCREENS IN 1548 01:04:04,440 --> 01:04:07,400 DROSPHILIA TO UNRAVEL THEM IN -- 1549 01:04:07,400 --> 01:04:08,800 IN RECOGNITION OF AS MANY 1550 01:04:08,800 --> 01:04:11,400 IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS IS AN 1551 01:04:11,400 --> 01:04:12,920 ELECTED MEMBER OF AMERICAN 1552 01:04:12,920 --> 01:04:15,520 ASSOCIATION OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 1553 01:04:15,520 --> 01:04:19,160 AS WELL AS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF 1554 01:04:19,160 --> 01:04:21,720 SCIENCES AND HUGO WILL TELL US 1555 01:04:21,720 --> 01:04:24,120 ABOUT HIS WORK TODAY ON 1556 01:04:24,120 --> 01:04:27,000 ENGINEERING FLIES AND STUDYING 1557 01:04:27,000 --> 01:04:29,720 GENE AND PROTEIN FUNCTION. ALL 1558 01:04:29,720 --> 01:04:29,960 YOURS. 1559 01:04:29,960 --> 01:04:32,360 >> THANK YOU. SEE MY LAST 1560 01:04:32,360 --> 01:04:33,000 SLIDE? 1561 01:04:33,000 --> 01:04:34,200 >> WE ARE SEEING -- 1562 01:04:34,200 --> 01:04:36,880 >> YES. 1563 01:04:36,880 --> 01:04:39,000 >> ALL RIGHT. 1564 01:04:39,000 --> 01:04:43,080 >> TODAY I WILL TALK ABOUT 1565 01:04:43,080 --> 01:04:44,920 ENGINEERING FLIES AND CRISPR 1566 01:04:44,920 --> 01:04:47,880 HEAVY TALK I WILL WARN THAW IS 1567 01:04:47,880 --> 01:04:51,320 MOSTLY DESCRIBING HOW WE DEVELOP 1568 01:04:51,320 --> 01:04:53,760 TECHNOLOGY AND HOW TECHNOLOGY 1569 01:04:53,760 --> 01:05:00,000 HAS BEEN REALLY HELPFUL HELPING 1570 01:05:00,000 --> 01:05:02,880 PATIENTS TO PARTICIPATE IN 1571 01:05:02,880 --> 01:05:05,200 UNDIAGNOSED RESEARCH. MUCH HAS 1572 01:05:05,200 --> 01:05:07,360 BEEN DONE BY TALENTED ASSISTANT 1573 01:05:07,360 --> 01:05:09,560 PROFESSOR IN THE LAB AND I WILL 1574 01:05:09,560 --> 01:05:12,560 START FIRST WITH UNDIAGNOSED 1575 01:05:12,560 --> 01:05:13,360 DISEASES NETWORK. 1576 01:05:13,360 --> 01:05:15,800 PATIENTS CAN APPLY TO 1577 01:05:15,800 --> 01:05:16,920 UNDIAGNOSED DISEASE NETWORK AND 1578 01:05:16,920 --> 01:05:20,640 IS A LOT OF PATIENTS 1579 01:05:20,640 --> 01:05:22,240 UNDIAGNOSED. WORLDWIDE 1580 01:05:22,240 --> 01:05:24,320 ESTIMATED 400 MILLION OF THESE 1581 01:05:24,320 --> 01:05:26,040 PATIENTS THAT TYPICALLY UNDERGO 1582 01:05:26,040 --> 01:05:28,880 WHAT WE CALL A DIAGNOSTIC 1583 01:05:28,880 --> 01:05:30,640 ODYS 1584 01:05:30,640 --> 01:05:30,880 ODYSSEY. 1585 01:05:30,880 --> 01:05:33,320 THEY GO FROM A DOCTOR TO 1586 01:05:33,320 --> 01:05:35,240 HOSPITAL TO ANOTHER ONE AND GET 1587 01:05:35,240 --> 01:05:37,200 TESTS. THEY ARE STILL NOT 1588 01:05:37,200 --> 01:05:37,520 DIAGNOSED. 1589 01:05:37,520 --> 01:05:39,560 WHEN REACHING THIS POINT THEY 1590 01:05:39,560 --> 01:05:41,560 WANT TO REALLY BE DIAGNOSED THEY 1591 01:05:41,560 --> 01:05:44,440 CAN APPLY TO COORDINATION 1592 01:05:44,440 --> 01:05:46,920 CENTNER HARVARD OF UNDIAGNOSED 1593 01:05:46,920 --> 01:05:50,000 DISEASES NETWORK AND GET 1594 01:05:50,000 --> 01:05:53,320 ASSIGNED A CLINICAL UNIT IN ANY 1595 01:05:53,320 --> 01:05:56,200 STATES AND IS 12 CLINICAL SIDES 1596 01:05:56,200 --> 01:05:59,600 AND THEY WILL DO A FREE 1597 01:05:59,600 --> 01:06:00,840 PHENOTYPIC WORKOUT AND WORK WITH 1598 01:06:00,840 --> 01:06:03,280 FILES FROM PATIENTS SEEING IF 1599 01:06:03,280 --> 01:06:04,560 THERE IS ANYTHING ELSE THEY HAVE 1600 01:06:04,560 --> 01:06:08,760 TO DO AND ESSENTIALLY TRY TO 1601 01:06:08,760 --> 01:06:10,920 PROVIDE DIAGNOSIS. MANY TIMES 1602 01:06:10,920 --> 01:06:13,440 THEY CANNOT AND WILL START TO 1603 01:06:13,440 --> 01:06:16,160 SEQUENCE THREE INDIVIDUALS AND 1604 01:06:16,160 --> 01:06:19,040 SHOULD SAY THAT MANY PATIENTS 1605 01:06:19,040 --> 01:06:19,880 PARTICIPATING HERE ARE CHILDREN 1606 01:06:19,880 --> 01:06:24,640 AND WOULD SAY 60 TO 70% OF 1607 01:06:24,640 --> 01:06:26,640 PARTICIPANTS ARE CHILDREN ALMOST 1608 01:06:26,640 --> 01:06:30,320 ALL OR MOST HAVE NEUROLOGICAL 1609 01:06:30,320 --> 01:06:32,440 PHENOTYPES AND THEY SEQUENCE 1610 01:06:32,440 --> 01:06:34,480 PARENTS DOING WHOLE GENOME 1611 01:06:34,480 --> 01:06:36,480 SEQUENCING OF PARENTS AND KIDS 1612 01:06:36,480 --> 01:06:38,480 AND FIND A FEW VARIANTS IF IN 1613 01:06:38,480 --> 01:06:41,160 GENES THAT THEY SUBMIT TO MODEL 1614 01:06:41,160 --> 01:06:42,600 ORGANISM SCREENING CENTER. THEY 1615 01:06:42,600 --> 01:06:44,760 DON'T KNOW IF THEY ARE CAUSE OF 1616 01:06:44,760 --> 01:06:46,040 THE DISEASE OR NOT. 1617 01:06:46,040 --> 01:06:48,720 IDEA IS TO MODEL THEM IN MODEL 1618 01:06:48,720 --> 01:06:50,160 ORGANISMS AND WE DEVELOP THIS 1619 01:06:50,160 --> 01:06:53,280 TOOL AND BIOINFORMATIC TOOL 1620 01:06:53,280 --> 01:06:55,600 CALLED MARVEL THAT IS REALLY A 1621 01:06:55,600 --> 01:06:58,080 COMPENDIUM OF DATA FROM ALL 1622 01:06:58,080 --> 01:07:01,640 KINDS OF HUMAN GENETICS 1623 01:07:01,640 --> 01:07:04,440 DATABASES AND MODEL ORGANISM 1624 01:07:04,440 --> 01:07:06,680 DATA BASES TO PROBE WHAT WE CAN 1625 01:07:06,680 --> 01:07:08,880 WITH FUNCTION OF WHAT THE GENE 1626 01:07:08,880 --> 01:07:11,800 WOULD BE IF PHENOTYPE WITH THE 1627 01:07:11,800 --> 01:07:13,000 PATIENT MATCHES ANYTHING BEING 1628 01:07:13,000 --> 01:07:19,760 OBSERVED IN THE MODEL ORGANISM 1629 01:07:19,760 --> 01:07:22,600 MOST ARE NEW HUMAN GENE AS 1630 01:07:22,600 --> 01:07:23,720 ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN DISEASE 1631 01:07:23,720 --> 01:07:27,120 AND WE NEED TO PRIORITIZE IN 1632 01:07:27,120 --> 01:07:29,800 WHICH MODEL ORGANISM WE WILL 1633 01:07:29,800 --> 01:07:32,400 MODEL AND THOSE -- THAT IS 20 TO 1634 01:07:32,400 --> 01:07:35,160 25% OF GENES AND GENES SUPER 1635 01:07:35,160 --> 01:07:38,760 CONSERVED AND WHERE AMINO ACIDS 1636 01:07:38,760 --> 01:07:41,880 ARE CONSERVED AND GENES ARE 1637 01:07:41,880 --> 01:07:43,760 CONSERVED IN -- ANYTHING 1638 01:07:43,760 --> 01:07:46,800 IN-BETWEEN MAJORITY OF GENES IS 1639 01:07:46,800 --> 01:07:49,200 MODELS IN DROSPHILIA THAT HAS 1640 01:07:49,200 --> 01:07:53,760 BIG TEARS WOW SEE BECAUSE OF 1641 01:07:53,760 --> 01:07:56,920 ELEGANT TECHNOLOGIES AVAILABLE 1642 01:07:56,920 --> 01:07:58,440 DEVELOPED IN THE FRUIT FLY FIELD 1643 01:07:58,440 --> 01:08:00,800 AND I WILL START WITH A GENERAL 1644 01:08:00,800 --> 01:08:05,760 INTRODUCTION WHAT WE DO. 1645 01:08:05,760 --> 01:08:07,440 EFFECTED INDIVIDUAL HAS A 1646 01:08:07,440 --> 01:08:09,280 [INDISCERNIBLE] TRUE FOR AET 5% 1647 01:08:09,280 --> 01:08:11,840 OF GENES SUBMITTED IN 1648 01:08:11,840 --> 01:08:13,040 UNDIAGNOSED DISEASES NETWORK AND 1649 01:08:13,040 --> 01:08:17,800 FIRST THING WE DO IS CREATE THIS 1650 01:08:17,800 --> 01:08:20,440 ALLELE. WHAT IT IS, IT IS 1651 01:08:20,440 --> 01:08:21,440 ARTIFICIAL [INDISCERNIBLE] PUT 1652 01:08:21,440 --> 01:08:25,080 IN ONE OF FIRST INTERONS OF GENE 1653 01:08:25,080 --> 01:08:27,760 OR CODING INTERON OF GENE AND 1654 01:08:27,760 --> 01:08:30,720 SPLICED DONOR UPSTREAM OF SPLICE 1655 01:08:30,720 --> 01:08:32,440 ACCEPTOR AND WILL EXPLAIN 1656 01:08:32,440 --> 01:08:35,320 TECHNOLOGY IN DETAIL IN SOME OF 1657 01:08:35,320 --> 01:08:39,200 NEXT SLIDES AND THIS LEADS TO 1658 01:08:39,200 --> 01:08:41,880 INSERTION OF THIS POLY A THAT 1659 01:08:41,880 --> 01:08:43,160 ARRESTS TRANSCRIPTION WHAT YOU 1660 01:08:43,160 --> 01:08:46,360 GET IS A SHORT MESSAGE WITH T2A 1661 01:08:46,360 --> 01:08:48,480 SIDE THAT WILL ARREST DURING 1662 01:08:48,480 --> 01:08:51,320 TRANSLATION AND PRODUCING L4 PRO 1663 01:08:51,320 --> 01:08:55,560 E- TEEN THIS PROTEIN IS 1664 01:08:55,560 --> 01:08:57,040 EXPRESSING PROPER SPATIAL 1665 01:08:57,040 --> 01:08:59,360 EXPRESSION PATTERN TO BE USED TO 1666 01:08:59,360 --> 01:09:02,080 DO A VARIETY OF EXPERIMENTS THAT 1667 01:09:02,080 --> 01:09:04,280 ARE VERY IMPORTANT IF YOU WANT 1668 01:09:04,280 --> 01:09:05,760 TO ADDRESS FUNCTIONS OF THESE 1669 01:09:05,760 --> 01:09:08,760 GENES MODELING HUMAN THERE. 1670 01:09:08,760 --> 01:09:11,360 FIRST, WHERE IS GENE EXPRESSED 1671 01:09:11,360 --> 01:09:12,920 SURPRISINGLY FOR 70% OF GENES WE 1672 01:09:12,920 --> 01:09:16,840 DON'T KNOW WHERE GENES ARE 1673 01:09:16,840 --> 01:09:19,760 EXPRESSED AND BY CROSSING THIS 1674 01:09:19,760 --> 01:09:20,840 WITH INSERTION TO US 1675 01:09:20,840 --> 01:09:24,080 [INDISCERNIBLE] WE CAN IDENTIFY 1676 01:09:24,080 --> 01:09:29,360 CELLS THAT EXPRESS GENE AND CAN 1677 01:09:29,360 --> 01:09:33,880 DO PHENOTYPIC ANALYSIS AND 1678 01:09:33,880 --> 01:09:36,560 CELLULAR ALTERATION AND 1679 01:09:36,560 --> 01:09:39,280 METABOLOMICS SINGLE CELL 1680 01:09:39,280 --> 01:09:42,800 SEQUENCING TO PROBE INTO 1681 01:09:42,800 --> 01:09:45,160 MECHANISM AND GENE NOT STUDIED 1682 01:09:45,160 --> 01:09:46,440 WELL WILL DISCOVER WHAT GENE HAS 1683 01:09:46,440 --> 01:09:49,200 AND IF STUDIED WE CAN PROVIDE IN 1684 01:09:49,200 --> 01:09:51,840 VIVO DATA FOR WHAT IS ASSOCIATED 1685 01:09:51,840 --> 01:09:55,080 WITH LOSS OF THE FUNCTION OF THE 1686 01:09:55,080 --> 01:09:56,360 GENE. IMPORTANTLY WE CAN USE 1687 01:09:56,360 --> 01:09:59,400 RESCUE ASSAYS AND HERE WE CAN 1688 01:09:59,400 --> 01:10:01,680 PUT IN HUMAN REFERENCE CDNA AND 1689 01:10:01,680 --> 01:10:04,720 SEE IF IT RESCUES FLY MUTATION 1690 01:10:04,720 --> 01:10:06,960 AND MOST ARE REALLY SEVERE LOSS 1691 01:10:06,960 --> 01:10:14,920 OF FUNCTION MUTATIONS AND NOW WE 1692 01:10:14,920 --> 01:10:17,120 CAN DETERMINE AND TEST HUMAN 1693 01:10:17,120 --> 01:10:19,680 VARIANTS FOUND IN PATIENT AS 1694 01:10:19,680 --> 01:10:21,920 SESING IF HUMAN VARIANTS EFFECT 1695 01:10:21,920 --> 01:10:25,400 FUNCTION OF THE PROTEIN OR NOT. 1696 01:10:25,400 --> 01:10:28,640 THIS TYPICALLY ALLOWS US TO 1697 01:10:28,640 --> 01:10:31,320 DETERMINE IF LOSS OF FUNCTION OR 1698 01:10:31,320 --> 01:10:34,720 GAIN OF FUNCTION AND IS 1699 01:10:34,720 --> 01:10:39,960 [INDISCERNIBLE] FROM YOU WANT TO 1700 01:10:39,960 --> 01:10:43,520 KNOW STARTING THERAPY IF 1701 01:10:43,520 --> 01:10:44,920 FUNCTIONING LOSS OR GAIN THAT 1702 01:10:44,920 --> 01:10:47,000 MAKES A DIFFERENCE IN THE 1703 01:10:47,000 --> 01:10:49,480 APPROACH AND SECOND STRATEGY WE 1704 01:10:49,480 --> 01:10:51,760 USE A SIMILAR STRATEGY USING 1705 01:10:51,760 --> 01:10:54,240 CRISPR INTEGRATING ARTIFICIAL 1706 01:10:54,240 --> 01:10:56,840 AXON THAT HERE WE INTEGRATED HAS 1707 01:10:56,840 --> 01:10:59,520 NO SPLICED DONOR. THIS HAS A 1708 01:10:59,520 --> 01:11:01,080 SPLICED DONOR AND MEANS IT WILL 1709 01:11:01,080 --> 01:11:03,000 BE PART OF THE PROTEIN IF ALL IN 1710 01:11:03,000 --> 01:11:06,000 FRAME AND IDEA IS THEN TO 1711 01:11:06,000 --> 01:11:09,280 INTEGRATE THIS TAG OR SPLICED 1712 01:11:09,280 --> 01:11:12,920 DONOR GFP SPLICED DONOR AND 1713 01:11:12,920 --> 01:11:17,760 CREATE AN ARTIFICIAL AXON IN THE 1714 01:11:17,760 --> 01:11:21,080 GENE LEADING TO GFE FUSION 1715 01:11:21,080 --> 01:11:25,520 PROTEIN AND 75 TO 80% OF THESE 1716 01:11:25,520 --> 01:11:28,160 INSERTIONS DON'T DISRUPT PROTEIN 1717 01:11:28,160 --> 01:11:30,200 FUNCTION AND INSERT IN SUCH A 1718 01:11:30,200 --> 01:11:31,840 WAY NOT TO DISRUPT PROTEIN 1719 01:11:31,840 --> 01:11:35,480 FUNCTION AND ALLOWS TO DO 1720 01:11:35,480 --> 01:11:37,520 PROTEIN LOCALIZATION STUDIES AND 1721 01:11:37,520 --> 01:11:40,720 LIVE GFP STAINING AND THIS BRAIN 1722 01:11:40,720 --> 01:11:45,600 LOOKING AT LIVE GFP FOR THIS A 1723 01:11:45,600 --> 01:11:49,320 GENE OR STAYING WITH ANTIGENE FP 1724 01:11:49,320 --> 01:11:52,160 LOOKING AT WHAT ANTIBODY REVEALS 1725 01:11:52,160 --> 01:11:54,040 AND OFTEN PATTERNS ARE QUITE 1726 01:11:54,040 --> 01:11:57,600 SIMILAR AS YOU WOULD EXPECT. 1727 01:11:57,600 --> 01:12:05,240 NOW ONCE YOU HAVE THEM LET'S SAY 1728 01:12:05,240 --> 01:12:07,600 GENE EFFECTING DEVELOPMENT LET 1729 01:12:07,600 --> 01:12:11,840 FLIES DEVELOPING ADULTHOOD AND 1730 01:12:11,840 --> 01:12:13,760 USING THIS STRATEGY TO REMOVE 1731 01:12:13,760 --> 01:12:23,840 THE PROTEIN THAT IS THIS 1732 01:12:23,840 --> 01:12:25,760 NANOANTI-BODY AND YOU WILL HAVE 1733 01:12:25,760 --> 01:12:27,760 A LOSS OF THE PROTEIN YOU CAN 1734 01:12:27,760 --> 01:12:29,800 MONITOR THE LOSS. YOU CAN STAIN 1735 01:12:29,800 --> 01:12:33,000 FOR GFP AND CREATE ADULT FLIES 1736 01:12:33,000 --> 01:12:35,120 LACKING A SPECIFIC PROTEIN AND 1737 01:12:35,120 --> 01:12:37,840 THEN AFTER A WHILE YOU CAN DO 1738 01:12:37,840 --> 01:12:39,440 PHENOTYPIC ASSAY AND YOU CAN 1739 01:12:39,440 --> 01:12:41,960 RETURN THE PROTEIN. IT IS A 1740 01:12:41,960 --> 01:12:43,760 TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE PHENOMENA. 1741 01:12:43,760 --> 01:12:46,480 AT 18 PROTEIN WILL BE THERE AND 1742 01:12:46,480 --> 01:12:48,680 28, PROTEIN WILL GRADUALLY 1743 01:12:48,680 --> 01:12:50,280 DISAPPEAR AND BRINGING FLIES 1744 01:12:50,280 --> 01:12:53,120 BACK TO 18, PROTEIN WILL 1745 01:12:53,120 --> 01:12:56,240 REAPPEAR. YOU CAN DETERMINE IF 1746 01:12:56,240 --> 01:12:59,760 YOU MADE A LESION THAT CAN OR 1747 01:12:59,760 --> 01:13:02,120 CANNOT BE CORRECTED BY RESTORING 1748 01:13:02,120 --> 01:13:03,240 THE PROTEIN FUNCTION. 1749 01:13:03,240 --> 01:13:04,920 THIS CAN, AGAIN, ALSO BE 1750 01:13:04,920 --> 01:13:07,840 IMPORTANT IN THE CONTEXT OF SOME 1751 01:13:07,840 --> 01:13:08,720 HUMAN DISEASE. 1752 01:13:08,720 --> 01:13:11,920 HERE I, SHOW YOU, YOU KNOW, A 1753 01:13:11,920 --> 01:13:14,280 FEW PATTERNS OF [INDISCERNIBLE] 1754 01:13:14,280 --> 01:13:17,480 THAT WERE EITHER STAINED LIFE OR 1755 01:13:17,480 --> 01:13:19,960 LOOKED AT LIVE OR STAINED WITH 1756 01:13:19,960 --> 01:13:21,800 GFP. YOU SEE PATTERNS ARE 1757 01:13:21,800 --> 01:13:24,200 SIMILAR AND WITH ANTIBODY YOU 1758 01:13:24,200 --> 01:13:25,840 REVEAL MORE STAINING IN QUITE A 1759 01:13:25,840 --> 01:13:28,040 FEW CASES THAT SOMETIMES IS 1760 01:13:28,040 --> 01:13:30,120 PRETTY DRAMATIC AS SHOWN HERE 1761 01:13:30,120 --> 01:13:32,200 AND IN GENERAL PATTERNS ARE 1762 01:13:32,200 --> 01:13:35,360 QUITE MATCHING. YOU CAN DO LIVE 1763 01:13:35,360 --> 01:13:39,240 GFP STAINING OR STAIN WITHIN AN 1764 01:13:39,240 --> 01:13:39,600 ANTIBODY. 1765 01:13:39,600 --> 01:13:42,320 ALL RIGHT. 1766 01:13:42,320 --> 01:13:46,440 SO, LET'S KIND OF DIG INTO SOME 1767 01:13:46,440 --> 01:13:49,720 OF THE INTRICK KASSYS RELATED TO 1768 01:13:49,720 --> 01:13:53,760 THE TECHNOLOGY WE USE CRISPR TO 1769 01:13:53,760 --> 01:13:54,840 GENERATE THESE TARGETED 1770 01:13:54,840 --> 01:13:56,880 INSERTIONS AND WE DO THIS IN 1771 01:13:56,880 --> 01:13:59,240 CONTEXT OF UNDIAGNOSED DISEASES 1772 01:13:59,240 --> 01:14:01,680 NETWORK AND GOAL IS TO REALLY 1773 01:14:01,680 --> 01:14:03,880 THAT IS SUPPORTED BY DOING A 1774 01:14:03,880 --> 01:14:06,600 GENE DISRUPTION PROGRAM 1775 01:14:06,600 --> 01:14:09,200 DISRUPTING 9,000 FLY GENES THAT 1776 01:14:09,200 --> 01:14:13,800 HAVE HUMAN HOMOLOGS AND DOING 1777 01:14:13,800 --> 01:14:14,840 THIS SYSTEMATICALLY CREATE ALL 1778 01:14:14,840 --> 01:14:17,720 THESE STO STALKS NOT THERE YET 1779 01:14:17,720 --> 01:14:19,640 AND CREATED 3,000 SO FAR BUT 1780 01:14:19,640 --> 01:14:21,920 HOPE IS TO DO THIS 1781 01:14:21,920 --> 01:14:22,600 SYSTEMATICALLY. HOPE AND 1782 01:14:22,600 --> 01:14:23,880 ADVANTAGE OF THIS TECHNOLOGY IS 1783 01:14:23,880 --> 01:14:26,200 REALLY HELPING US IN MANY CASES 1784 01:14:26,200 --> 01:14:31,880 TO DIAGNOSE OR HELP TO DIAGNOSE 1785 01:14:31,880 --> 01:14:35,040 HUMAN DISEASE AND STARTED THIS 1786 01:14:35,040 --> 01:14:37,160 PROGRAM GENERATING CONSTRUCTS 1787 01:14:37,160 --> 01:14:40,080 WITH 1KB HOMOLOGY ARMS AND 1788 01:14:40,080 --> 01:14:42,600 EXPRESSING KAS 9 INJECT VECTOR 1789 01:14:42,600 --> 01:14:44,480 WITH CONSTRUCT AND IN KAS 9 1790 01:14:44,480 --> 01:14:46,520 INSERTING INTO CODING INTERIM OF 1791 01:14:46,520 --> 01:14:48,680 A GENE. THIS IS THE MARKER WE 1792 01:14:48,680 --> 01:14:51,160 USE. 1793 01:14:51,160 --> 01:14:52,920 ORIGINALLY, THESE WERE NOT SO 1794 01:14:52,920 --> 01:14:56,880 EASY TO MAKE NEEDING 1KB 1795 01:14:56,880 --> 01:14:58,640 HOMOLOGY ON EITHER SIDE AND NEED 1796 01:14:58,640 --> 01:15:00,920 THIS RELATIVELY LARGE INSET AND 1797 01:15:00,920 --> 01:15:03,320 SPEND A BIT OF TIME CLONING TO 1798 01:15:03,320 --> 01:15:05,400 GET THIS DONE AND IS VERY USEFUL 1799 01:15:05,400 --> 01:15:10,840 AS A PROOF OF PRINCIPLE. 1800 01:15:10,840 --> 01:15:13,720 IT WAS VERY KIND OF REWARDING TO 1801 01:15:13,720 --> 01:15:16,560 SEE ALL OF THE APPLICATIONS THAT 1802 01:15:16,560 --> 01:15:19,600 WERE INVOLVED HERE. 1803 01:15:19,600 --> 01:15:23,440 FIRST, YOU CAN DISRUPT A GENE 1804 01:15:23,440 --> 01:15:26,080 AND CREATE SEVERE LOSS OF 1805 01:15:26,080 --> 01:15:27,280 FUNCTION AND SECOND YOU CAN 1806 01:15:27,280 --> 01:15:29,480 IMMEDIATELY DO A CONTROL AS TO 1807 01:15:29,480 --> 01:15:31,480 HAVE YOU GENERATED OTHER LESIONS 1808 01:15:31,480 --> 01:15:33,600 IN THE GENOME WHILE YOU PROVIDED 1809 01:15:33,600 --> 01:15:36,680 THIS OR CREATED THIS INSERT WITH 1810 01:15:36,680 --> 01:15:37,480 CRISPR? 1811 01:15:37,480 --> 01:15:39,440 STRATEGY HERE IS USING THIS THAT 1812 01:15:39,440 --> 01:15:41,760 YOU PRODUCE IN THE CELLS WHERE 1813 01:15:41,760 --> 01:15:43,960 YOU Z -- THIS GENE IS EXPRESSED 1814 01:15:43,960 --> 01:15:47,000 AND CROSS TO US FLIPPASE. 1815 01:15:47,000 --> 01:15:49,760 BECAUSE FRT SITES ARE ON THIS, 1816 01:15:49,760 --> 01:15:52,560 THIS WILL EXCISE THE CONSTRUCT 1817 01:15:52,560 --> 01:15:56,040 AND RERESTORE THE NORMAL 1818 01:15:56,040 --> 01:15:57,440 PHENOTYPE. YOU WILL REVERT TO 1819 01:15:57,440 --> 01:15:59,640 THE PHENOTYPE CROSSING TO THIS 1820 01:15:59,640 --> 01:16:02,480 FLIP AND THAT IS VERY NICE AND 1821 01:16:02,480 --> 01:16:04,240 SIMPLE CONTROL TO SHOW WHATEVER 1822 01:16:04,240 --> 01:16:05,680 PHENOTYPE YOU CHARACTERIZED IS 1823 01:16:05,680 --> 01:16:08,480 DUE TO INSERTION NOT TO SECOND 1824 01:16:08,480 --> 01:16:10,000 SITE MUTATION AND YOU CAN 1825 01:16:10,000 --> 01:16:12,120 OBVIOUSLY USE THIS STRATEGY 1826 01:16:12,120 --> 01:16:14,680 REMOVING MUTATION IN DIFFERENT 1827 01:16:14,680 --> 01:16:16,440 TISSUE AND DO THIS 1828 01:16:16,440 --> 01:16:18,360 SYSTEMATICALLY ASSESSING WHICH 1829 01:16:18,360 --> 01:16:19,960 TISSUE REQUIRES FUNCTION OF THIS 1830 01:16:19,960 --> 01:16:22,320 PROTEIN THAT IS OBVIOUSLY NOT A 1831 01:16:22,320 --> 01:16:23,640 NICE FEATURE. 1832 01:16:23,640 --> 01:16:26,480 SECOND, YOU CAN USE THIS TO 1833 01:16:26,480 --> 01:16:29,440 REPLACE THIS CASSETTE WITH AN 1834 01:16:29,440 --> 01:16:32,160 AXON THAT ENCODES GFP THAT I 1835 01:16:32,160 --> 01:16:34,000 MENTIONED BEFORE. THIS WILL 1836 01:16:34,000 --> 01:16:36,760 LEAD TO ARTIFICIAL AXON THAT IS 1837 01:16:36,760 --> 01:16:40,080 INSERTED BETWEEN TWO CODING 1838 01:16:40,080 --> 01:16:48,040 AXONS AND CREATE A PROTEIN 1839 01:16:48,040 --> 01:16:48,280 FUSION. 1840 01:16:48,280 --> 01:16:52,120 THIRD INSERTION TO BE USED AND 1841 01:16:52,120 --> 01:16:53,760 RESCUING GENE MENTION BRG YOU 1842 01:16:53,760 --> 01:16:56,360 CAN START WITH FLY CDNA AND IF 1843 01:16:56,360 --> 01:16:58,200 THAT RESCUES THAT IS ALMOST 1844 01:16:58,200 --> 01:17:00,720 ALWAYS THE CASE AND YOU PUT IN 1845 01:17:00,720 --> 01:17:05,840 HUMAN CDNA AND TEST VARIANT. 1846 01:17:06,120 --> 01:17:08,480 SO, TALKING ABOUT HUMAN 1847 01:17:08,480 --> 01:17:09,760 [INDISCERNIBLE] WE NEED TO 1848 01:17:09,760 --> 01:17:13,080 CREATE THESE HUMAN CDNAS AND WE 1849 01:17:13,080 --> 01:17:15,960 GATHER LIBRARY OF 33,000 FULL 1850 01:17:15,960 --> 01:17:20,360 LENGTH US HUMAN CDNA AND 1851 01:17:20,360 --> 01:17:21,960 SYSTEMATICALLY PUTTING UNDER 1852 01:17:21,960 --> 01:17:24,880 CONTROL OF UIS AND MAKE 1853 01:17:24,880 --> 01:17:27,120 TRANSGENIC FLIES FIRST VECTORS 1854 01:17:27,120 --> 01:17:28,600 MAKING TRANSGENIC FLIES SO WE 1855 01:17:28,600 --> 01:17:33,000 CAN CREATE A LIBRARY OF 10,000 1856 01:17:33,000 --> 01:17:35,560 STALKS THAT EACH CARRY HUMAN 1857 01:17:35,560 --> 01:17:38,800 CDNA AND SO FAR GENERATED 7,000 1858 01:17:38,800 --> 01:17:42,480 OR 800,000 HUMAN CDNAS AAND 1859 01:17:42,480 --> 01:17:45,320 CREATED MORE THAN 5,000 1860 01:17:45,320 --> 01:17:47,280 TRANSGENIC STALKS AND THEY ALLOW 1861 01:17:47,280 --> 01:17:49,360 US TO VERY QUICKLY TEST IF WE 1862 01:17:49,360 --> 01:17:53,080 CAN HUMANIZE THE FLY AND DO 1863 01:17:53,080 --> 01:17:57,560 THESE HUMANIZATION EXPERIMENTS 1864 01:17:57,560 --> 01:17:59,120 TESTING IN CONTEXT OF HUMAN 1865 01:17:59,120 --> 01:18:02,520 DISEASE AND PROBLEM WE RUN INTO 1866 01:18:02,520 --> 01:18:04,080 WITH THIS STRATEGY IS WE 1867 01:18:04,080 --> 01:18:09,760 COULDN'T APPLY THIS TO ABOUT 50% 1868 01:18:09,760 --> 01:18:14,480 OF GENES. 1869 01:18:14,480 --> 01:18:17,560 THEY DON'T HAVE INTERONS AND ARE 1870 01:18:17,560 --> 01:18:24,120 LARGE ENOUGH TO INTEGRATE THE 1871 01:18:24,120 --> 01:18:27,040 T2A-GAL4 REGULATORY ELEMENTS 1872 01:18:27,040 --> 01:18:30,560 PRESENT IN THESE ARE THERE 1873 01:18:30,560 --> 01:18:35,160 INSERTING T2A-GAL 4A WHEN NO 1874 01:18:35,160 --> 01:18:38,200 INTERIMS ARE SMALL WE LIKE TO 1875 01:18:38,200 --> 01:18:40,040 INSERT GAL 4 AND CAN'T DO THIS 1876 01:18:40,040 --> 01:18:42,800 USING THIS STRATEGY AND GIVEN 1877 01:18:42,800 --> 01:18:43,960 50% OF THEM DON'T HAVE 1878 01:18:43,960 --> 01:18:45,760 OPPORTUNITY TO TAG THEM WE HAD 1879 01:18:45,760 --> 01:18:48,880 TO DEVELOP A NEW TAGGING 1880 01:18:48,880 --> 01:18:51,040 TECHNOLOGY THAT IS HERE TO 1881 01:18:51,040 --> 01:18:53,400 REPLACE CODING SEQUENCE OF THE 1882 01:18:53,400 --> 01:18:55,920 GENE EXPRESSING TWO GUIDE RNAS 1883 01:18:55,920 --> 01:18:59,160 AND INSERT THESE WITH A 1884 01:18:59,160 --> 01:19:00,400 TRANSFORMATION MARKER THAT IS 1885 01:19:00,400 --> 01:19:02,880 FLYING BY FRT SITES AND BY DOING 1886 01:19:02,880 --> 01:19:05,160 THAT YOU REPLACE ENTIRE CODING 1887 01:19:05,160 --> 01:19:07,640 SEQUENCE OF THE GENE AND USE 1888 01:19:07,640 --> 01:19:08,920 THIS CO-ZACK SEQUENCE BECAUSE 1889 01:19:08,920 --> 01:19:10,520 YOU WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT YOU 1890 01:19:10,520 --> 01:19:12,560 KNOW TRANSLATION IS EFFICIENT. 1891 01:19:12,560 --> 01:19:17,640 THIS GIVES A SIMILAR RESULT AND 1892 01:19:17,640 --> 01:19:21,080 LEADS TO PRODUCTION OF GAL 4 IN 1893 01:19:21,080 --> 01:19:25,240 THE SPATIAL AND TECH PORAL 1894 01:19:25,240 --> 01:19:26,120 EXPRESSION PATTERN OF THE GENE 1895 01:19:26,120 --> 01:19:27,760 THAT IS TAGGED AND THIS IS A 1896 01:19:27,760 --> 01:19:30,640 EXAMPLE TO SHOW YOU A FEW 1897 01:19:30,640 --> 01:19:32,320 [INDISCERNIBLE] OF BRAINS OF 1898 01:19:32,320 --> 01:19:34,400 STALKS WE CREATED WITH THEM IN 1899 01:19:34,400 --> 01:19:36,960 MANY HUNDREDS OF THESE AND 1900 01:19:36,960 --> 01:19:39,200 TYPICALLY 80% OF GENES EXPRESSED 1901 01:19:39,200 --> 01:19:45,080 IN A NERVOUS SYSTEM TRUE FOR 1902 01:19:45,080 --> 01:19:48,160 T2A-GAL 4 AND YOU SEE IN THESE 1903 01:19:48,160 --> 01:19:49,520 BRAINS DIFFERENT EXPRESSION 1904 01:19:49,520 --> 01:19:55,480 PATTERNS GENERATED BY CROSSING 1905 01:19:55,480 --> 01:19:59,480 KOZAK GAL 4 STRAIN WITH US RFP 1906 01:19:59,480 --> 01:20:01,720 PROTEIN AND DISCOVERED A LOT OF 1907 01:20:01,720 --> 01:20:03,320 NEW EXPRESSION PATTERNS FOR 1908 01:20:03,320 --> 01:20:05,360 GENES THAT WERE OBVIOUSLY NOT 1909 01:20:05,360 --> 01:20:06,800 CHARACTERIZED BEFORE. 1910 01:20:06,800 --> 01:20:09,120 SO, THIS TECHNOLOGY IS NICE. 1911 01:20:09,120 --> 01:20:11,600 IT IS PRETTY LABOR INTENSIVE. 1912 01:20:11,600 --> 01:20:18,400 IF WE WANT TO DO 10,000 STALKS 1913 01:20:18,400 --> 01:20:20,080 AND PARTICIPATE IN THIS NETWORK 1914 01:20:20,080 --> 01:20:22,840 WHEN YOU NEED PCR OR 1915 01:20:22,840 --> 01:20:24,360 [INDISCERNIBLE] EXTRACTION AND 1916 01:20:24,360 --> 01:20:26,840 PERFORMING GOLDEN GATE ASSEMBLY 1917 01:20:26,840 --> 01:20:28,880 INCLUDING KAS SET YOU WANT TO 1918 01:20:28,880 --> 01:20:30,880 INTEGRATE INTO THE GENE 1919 01:20:30,880 --> 01:20:31,960 VERIFICATION RESTRICTION ENZYMES 1920 01:20:31,960 --> 01:20:34,240 AND DO SEQUENCING. 1921 01:20:34,240 --> 01:20:36,440 THIS APPROACH IS NOT VERY KIND 1922 01:20:36,440 --> 01:20:40,640 OF -- IT IS LABOR INTENSIVE. 1923 01:20:40,640 --> 01:20:41,760 AND QUITE EXPENSIVE FOR THIS 1924 01:20:41,760 --> 01:20:43,360 WITH WHEN YOU HAVE TO DO 1925 01:20:43,360 --> 01:20:44,440 THOUSANDS OF THEM. 1926 01:20:44,440 --> 01:20:48,000 SO, IN ADDITION, ABOUT 20 TO 25% 1927 01:20:48,000 --> 01:20:50,520 OF THE CASE IS THE STRATEGY 1928 01:20:50,520 --> 01:20:51,680 FAILS AND YOU HAVE TO START 1929 01:20:51,680 --> 01:20:53,760 AGAIN. WE DECIDED TO DEVELOP A 1930 01:20:53,760 --> 01:20:54,960 NEW TECHNOLOGY THAT WE THINK 1931 01:20:54,960 --> 01:20:57,680 COULD BE USED ACTUALLY IN MANY 1932 01:20:57,680 --> 01:20:59,560 SPECIES THAT IS THAT WE 1933 01:20:59,560 --> 01:21:01,680 DEVELOPED A VECTOR THAT IS SHOWN 1934 01:21:01,680 --> 01:21:01,880 HERE. 1935 01:21:01,880 --> 01:21:05,840 AND INSTEAD OF USING 1KB HOM OL 1936 01:21:05,840 --> 01:21:10,480 ARMS WE USE 200 TO 200 BASE PAIR 1937 01:21:10,480 --> 01:21:12,240 HOMOLOGY ARMS ON EITHER SIDE 1938 01:21:12,240 --> 01:21:15,280 THERE AND DO THAT BY GUIDE RNA1 1939 01:21:15,280 --> 01:21:17,280 TARGET SITE THAT IS NOT PRESENT 1940 01:21:17,280 --> 01:21:24,880 IN THE FLY GENOME AND IDEA IS 1941 01:21:24,880 --> 01:21:29,360 TO INJECT PLASMA THAT CRISPR 1942 01:21:29,360 --> 01:21:31,840 CUTTING RNA1 WILL FREE UP AN ARM 1943 01:21:31,840 --> 01:21:35,040 OR PIECE OF DNA FLANKED ON 1944 01:21:35,040 --> 01:21:38,520 EITHER SIDE 200 BASE PAIR 1945 01:21:38,520 --> 01:21:41,240 HOMOLOGY ARMS TO INSERT QUITE 1946 01:21:41,240 --> 01:21:42,880 EFFICIENTLY. YOU GENERATE 1947 01:21:42,880 --> 01:21:45,640 VECTOR AND CREATE 2 GUIDE RNAS 1948 01:21:45,640 --> 01:21:47,800 AND INJECT AND BY DOING SO YOU 1949 01:21:47,800 --> 01:21:49,480 FIRST GENERATE LINEAR FRAGMENT 1950 01:21:49,480 --> 01:21:52,000 OF DNA THAT CAN THEN COMBINE 1951 01:21:52,000 --> 01:21:54,760 WITH THE TARGET GUIDE R IN. A 1952 01:21:54,760 --> 01:21:56,400 INTEGRATE INTO THE GENE. 1953 01:21:56,400 --> 01:21:59,080 TO OUR SURPRISE, THIS METHOD WAS 1954 01:21:59,080 --> 01:22:01,480 SIGNIFICANTLY MORE EFFICIENT 1955 01:22:01,480 --> 01:22:04,520 THAN 1KB HOMOLOGY ARM STRAIGHT 1956 01:22:04,520 --> 01:22:06,280 JI AND WILL COME BACK TO THAT. 1957 01:22:06,280 --> 01:22:09,520 THIS IS, YOU KNOW, NOT THE 1958 01:22:09,520 --> 01:22:10,760 STRATEGY OF CHOICE. 1959 01:22:10,760 --> 01:22:12,680 HOWEVER, YOU NEED TO MAKE THREE 1960 01:22:12,680 --> 01:22:14,720 VECTORS AND MAKE A VECTOR AND 1961 01:22:14,720 --> 01:22:17,760 DONOR AND GUIDE RNA1 AND GUIDE 1962 01:22:17,760 --> 01:22:21,160 RNA TARGET. THE IDEA WAS LET'S 1963 01:22:21,160 --> 01:22:22,960 OPTIMIZE THIS AND BRING GUIDE 1964 01:22:22,960 --> 01:22:25,040 RNAS INTO THIS VECTOR. SO, WE 1965 01:22:25,040 --> 01:22:27,160 CAN ASK THE COMPANY TO 1966 01:22:27,160 --> 01:22:29,040 SYNTHESIZE A VECTOR THAT HAS 1967 01:22:29,040 --> 01:22:32,800 GUIDE RNA200 BASE PAIR HOMOLOGY 1968 01:22:32,800 --> 01:22:36,160 ARMS AND TWO GUIDE RNAS TO JUST 1969 01:22:36,160 --> 01:22:37,640 CLONE INTO THIS VECTOR AND 1970 01:22:37,640 --> 01:22:39,720 FRAGMENT. WE ARE READY FOR 1971 01:22:39,720 --> 01:22:42,400 INJECTIONS THAT WOULD BE MUCH 1972 01:22:42,400 --> 01:22:44,080 MORE EFFICIENT AND CHEAPER. IT 1973 01:22:44,080 --> 01:22:47,760 IS ALL DONE BY SYNTHESIS. 1974 01:22:47,760 --> 01:22:49,880 SO SHORTER HOMOLOGY ARMS ARE 1975 01:22:49,880 --> 01:22:51,640 CREATED BY A COMPANY AND ARE 1976 01:22:51,640 --> 01:22:54,560 VERY CHEAP. WE CAN DO IT FOR 1977 01:22:54,560 --> 01:22:57,200 $80 PER VECTOR AND THEY ARE 1978 01:22:57,200 --> 01:22:59,360 EFFICIENT AND QUITE FLEXIBLE. 1979 01:22:59,360 --> 01:23:01,600 WE CAN OBVIOUSLY TARGET WHATEVER 1980 01:23:01,600 --> 01:23:03,920 WE WANT. WE THEN CREATED 1981 01:23:03,920 --> 01:23:05,480 ANOTHER VEKT YR THAT WE INCLUDED 1982 01:23:05,480 --> 01:23:09,160 A GUIDE RNA1. THAT IS GUIDE RNA 1983 01:23:09,160 --> 01:23:11,120 NOT PRESENT IN THE FLY GENOME 1984 01:23:11,120 --> 01:23:13,720 WITH TRNA AND NOW IN THE -- WE 1985 01:23:13,720 --> 01:23:15,760 ASKED A COMPANY TO MAKE THIS 1986 01:23:15,760 --> 01:23:19,800 PIECE OF DNA HERE, WHICH IS 570 1987 01:23:19,800 --> 01:23:22,920 BASE PAIRS TO CODE THE GUIDE RNA 1988 01:23:22,920 --> 01:23:25,880 WE TARGET IN THE GENOME FLANKED 1989 01:23:25,880 --> 01:23:28,640 BY ONE SIDE WITH GUIDE RNA AND 1990 01:23:28,640 --> 01:23:30,760 HOMOLOGY ARMS MULTIPLE CLONING 1991 01:23:30,760 --> 01:23:32,760 SITE THAT WE CAN EASILY INSERT 1992 01:23:32,760 --> 01:23:35,480 WHATEVER PIECE OF DNA WE WANT. 1993 01:23:35,480 --> 01:23:36,800 WE NOW ORDER THIS FROM THE 1994 01:23:36,800 --> 01:23:38,800 COMPANY AND THEY PROVIDE US WITH 1995 01:23:38,800 --> 01:23:42,400 THIS VECTOR FOR ABOUT 80 OR $100 1996 01:23:42,400 --> 01:23:44,520 DEPENDING ON THE SIZE OF THE 1997 01:23:44,520 --> 01:23:44,840 INSERT. 1998 01:23:44,840 --> 01:23:48,000 THIS MADE IT EVEN MORE EFFICIENT 1999 01:23:48,000 --> 01:23:48,920 AGAIN. 2000 01:23:48,920 --> 01:23:50,880 NOW, YOU CREATE AND PRODUCE TWO 2001 01:23:50,880 --> 01:23:53,840 GUIDE RNAS IN THE SAME PLAS MID 2002 01:23:53,840 --> 01:23:56,120 AND EVERYTHING IS DELIVERED NECK 2003 01:23:56,120 --> 01:23:58,520 WI MOLAR RATIOS SO YOU CAN 2004 01:23:58,520 --> 01:24:00,560 REALLY GET AN EFFICIENT 2005 01:24:00,560 --> 01:24:02,400 INTEGRATION SYSTEM AND SYSTEM 2006 01:24:02,400 --> 01:24:04,680 ALLOWS US TO BRING INTO THESE 2007 01:24:04,680 --> 01:24:06,560 VECTORS DIFFERENT CLONES AND 2008 01:24:06,560 --> 01:24:09,000 DIFFERENT SIZES AND DIFFERENT 2009 01:24:09,000 --> 01:24:12,840 STRUCTURES OR DIFFERENT TAGS 2010 01:24:12,840 --> 01:24:18,880 LIKE SPLICE ACCEPTOR DONOR 2011 01:24:18,880 --> 01:24:21,560 T2A-GAL 4 AND PIECES OF DNA WE 2012 01:24:21,560 --> 01:24:25,240 WANT AND QUITE EFFICIENCY 2013 01:24:25,240 --> 01:24:28,720 ELIMINATES NEED TO CLONE GRNA 2014 01:24:28,720 --> 01:24:30,880 AND INCREASES TRANSFORMATION 2015 01:24:30,880 --> 01:24:32,720 EFFICIENCY AND WE ARE CURRENTLY 2016 01:24:32,720 --> 01:24:35,320 AT 85% TRANSFORMATION 2017 01:24:35,320 --> 01:24:36,160 EFFICIENCY. I DON'T THINK WE 2018 01:24:36,160 --> 01:24:39,360 WILL BE ABLE TO IMPROVE THAT. 2019 01:24:39,360 --> 01:24:41,800 MOREOVER IT IS MUCH CHEAPER THAN 2020 01:24:41,800 --> 01:24:44,640 WHAT WE DID BEFORE RESPECT TO 2021 01:24:44,640 --> 01:24:47,080 GFP TAGGING YOU CAN ARGUE 2022 01:24:47,080 --> 01:24:49,760 TAGGING GFP IN A -- BETWEEN TWO 2023 01:24:49,760 --> 01:24:54,720 CODING AXONS THAT WILL BE 2024 01:24:54,720 --> 01:24:56,960 DETRIMENTAL AND IN FACT IS NOT 2025 01:24:56,960 --> 01:24:59,440 DETRIMENTAL AT ALL AND IN FACT 2026 01:24:59,440 --> 01:25:02,520 IS LESS DETRIMENTAL TO CREATE 2027 01:25:02,520 --> 01:25:04,800 ARTIFICIAL AXON WITH GFP 2028 01:25:04,800 --> 01:25:08,400 INTERNALLY AND PUTTING IT AT CAR 2029 01:25:08,400 --> 01:25:09,440 BOXIL TERM AND [INDISCERNIBLE] 2030 01:25:09,440 --> 01:25:11,400 IN THIS CASE WE TAG THIS GENE IN 2031 01:25:11,400 --> 01:25:14,520 EVERY SPACE WE COULD INTERNALLY 2032 01:25:14,520 --> 01:25:16,640 OR CORE BOXY TERNLLY AND TERNLLY 2033 01:25:16,640 --> 01:25:20,680 INTO PROTEIN AND IN ALL CASES 2034 01:25:20,680 --> 01:25:22,200 PROTEIN WAS FUNCTIONAL. 2035 01:25:22,200 --> 01:25:24,360 THERE WAS NO PHENOTYPE 2036 01:25:24,360 --> 01:25:26,520 ASSOCIATED WITH INSERTIONS OF 2037 01:25:26,520 --> 01:25:28,480 THOSE GFPS. 2038 01:25:28,480 --> 01:25:30,120 FINALLY, THE LAST STRATEGY THAT 2039 01:25:30,120 --> 01:25:32,560 WE ARE JUST STARTING TO USE IS 2040 01:25:32,560 --> 01:25:37,120 REALLY TO HUMANIZE FLY BY 2041 01:25:37,120 --> 01:25:39,040 COMPLETELY REPLACING GENE CODING 2042 01:25:39,040 --> 01:25:41,080 SEQUENCE WITH FLY WITH HUMAN CD 2043 01:25:41,080 --> 01:25:42,960 IN IT AND WORKS NICELY WHEN 2044 01:25:42,960 --> 01:25:45,600 THERE IS NO INTERNAL CONTROL 2045 01:25:45,600 --> 01:25:48,360 SITES AND NO INTERNAL ENHANCERS 2046 01:25:48,360 --> 01:25:50,480 AND GENE IS RELATIVELY SMALL TO 2047 01:25:50,480 --> 01:25:53,320 INSERT HUMAN SEED THAT IS THE 2048 01:25:53,320 --> 01:25:54,720 REFERENCE OR WILD TYPE SEED OR 2049 01:25:54,720 --> 01:25:56,320 PUT IN VARIANT THAT IS 2050 01:25:56,320 --> 01:25:59,200 IDENTIFIED IN THE PATIENTS AND 2051 01:25:59,200 --> 01:26:01,000 THIS STRATEGY ALSO IS NICELY 2052 01:26:01,000 --> 01:26:02,280 WORKING AND ALTHOUGH WE DON'T 2053 01:26:02,280 --> 01:26:04,760 HAVE A LOT OF DATA YET TO SEE 2054 01:26:04,760 --> 01:26:08,360 HOW EFFICIENT THE SYSTEM WORKS. 2055 01:26:08,360 --> 01:26:10,080 FINALLY, IN THE LAST TWO SLIDES 2056 01:26:10,080 --> 01:26:12,000 I WANT TO COME BACK TO, YOU 2057 01:26:12,000 --> 01:26:13,800 KNOW, THIS NETWORK AND WHAT WE 2058 01:26:13,800 --> 01:26:16,800 HAVE ACHIEVED IN THE LAST FEW 2059 01:26:16,800 --> 01:26:17,040 YEARS. 2060 01:26:17,040 --> 01:26:18,760 BY USING THIS TECHNOLOGY TO 2061 01:26:18,760 --> 01:26:21,000 MODEL HUMAN DISEASE IN FLIES AND 2062 01:26:21,000 --> 01:26:23,400 THIS SLIDE SUMMARIZES KIND OF 2063 01:26:23,400 --> 01:26:25,040 THE WORK THAT WE HAVE DONE AND 2064 01:26:25,040 --> 01:26:28,200 HOW WE HAVE HELPED UNDIAGNOSED 2065 01:26:28,200 --> 01:26:30,760 DISEASES NETWORK IN IDENTIFYING 2066 01:26:30,760 --> 01:26:32,960 NEW GENES ASSOCIATED WITH NEW 2067 01:26:32,960 --> 01:26:35,480 HUMAN DISEASE AND YOU CAN SEE 2068 01:26:35,480 --> 01:26:36,800 THAT TECHNOLOGY THAT WE HAVE 2069 01:26:36,800 --> 01:26:39,040 DEVELOPED IN FRUIT FLIES IS 2070 01:26:39,040 --> 01:26:41,520 BEING QUITE PRODUCTIVE AND 2071 01:26:41,520 --> 01:26:44,320 ALLOWED US TO HELP IN DIAGNOSIS 2072 01:26:44,320 --> 01:26:47,560 OF MORE THAN 50 NEW HUMAN 2073 01:26:47,560 --> 01:26:48,040 DISEASES. 2074 01:26:48,040 --> 01:26:49,680 ONE OF THE INTERESTING FEATURES 2075 01:26:49,680 --> 01:26:52,200 IS OBVIOUSLY YOU CAN CONTINUE TO 2076 01:26:52,200 --> 01:26:54,760 WORK ON THESE TEAMS AND DISCOVER 2077 01:26:54,760 --> 01:26:58,880 NEW INTERACTING PARTNERS AND 2078 01:26:58,880 --> 01:27:01,760 MOLECULAR MECHANISMS AND FLIES 2079 01:27:01,760 --> 01:27:03,360 OFFER YOU OPPORTUNITY TO SCREEN 2080 01:27:03,360 --> 01:27:06,160 FOR DRUGS AND WE TYPICALLY TAKE 2081 01:27:06,160 --> 01:27:09,280 FDA APPROVED DRUGS AND IN THIS 2082 01:27:09,280 --> 01:27:11,880 CASE RAPA MAI ASEEN IN THIS CASE 2083 01:27:11,880 --> 01:27:12,880 OR [INDISCERNIBLE] AND ONCE WE 2084 01:27:12,880 --> 01:27:17,720 HAVE A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF 2085 01:27:17,720 --> 01:27:21,560 MECHANISM OF GENE USING PROTEIN 2086 01:27:21,560 --> 01:27:23,840 TAGS MASS SPECK AND INTERACTIVE 2087 01:27:23,840 --> 01:27:25,120 PROTEINS LOCALIZATION AND 2088 01:27:25,120 --> 01:27:27,520 EXPRESSION OF ALL THESE GENES 2089 01:27:27,520 --> 01:27:29,320 AND COME UP WITH NOVEL PATHWAYS 2090 01:27:29,320 --> 01:27:32,160 TO START SCREENING FDA APPROVED 2091 01:27:32,160 --> 01:27:34,640 DRUGS AND SEE IF DRUGS WORK AND 2092 01:27:34,640 --> 01:27:37,000 IN SOME CASES THESE DRUGS LIKE 2093 01:27:37,000 --> 01:27:40,800 IN THIS CASE HERE CRIP ROW MEAN 2094 01:27:40,800 --> 01:27:42,680 OR RAPA MAI CIN ARE USED ALREADY 2095 01:27:42,680 --> 01:27:46,080 IN PATIENTS THAT ARE EFFECTED BY 2096 01:27:46,080 --> 01:27:47,520 MUTATIONS IN THE CORRESPONDING 2097 01:27:47,520 --> 01:27:48,640 GENES LISTED HERE. 2098 01:27:48,640 --> 01:27:51,520 I THINK THAT THE WHOLE APPROACH 2099 01:27:51,520 --> 01:27:53,200 IS OBVIOUSLY VERY HEAVILY BASED 2100 01:27:53,200 --> 01:27:55,160 ON TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT THAT 2101 01:27:55,160 --> 01:27:56,920 IS OBVIOUSLY IN THE SPIRIT OF 2102 01:27:56,920 --> 01:28:00,360 WHAT BRAIN DOES AND AT SAME TIME 2103 01:28:00,360 --> 01:28:02,200 YOU CAN EXPLORE BIOLOGY QUITE 2104 01:28:02,200 --> 01:28:04,800 RAPIDLY AND YOU CAN START TO 2105 01:28:04,800 --> 01:28:06,600 THINK ABOUT DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2106 01:28:06,600 --> 01:28:07,560 ONCE YOU UNDERSTAND THE 2107 01:28:07,560 --> 01:28:09,640 MECHANISM BETTER. 2108 01:28:09,640 --> 01:28:12,320 IN SUMMARY, TECHNOLOGICAL 2109 01:28:12,320 --> 01:28:14,680 UPGRADES BASED ON CRISPR REALLY 2110 01:28:14,680 --> 01:28:16,440 RESULT IN A VERY SIGNIFICANT 2111 01:28:16,440 --> 01:28:19,120 AMOUNT OF TIME SAVING AND COST 2112 01:28:19,120 --> 01:28:22,080 SAVING AND IS ALLOWING US TO DO 2113 01:28:22,080 --> 01:28:25,520 THOUSANDS OF HOPEFULLY 9 OR 2114 01:28:25,520 --> 01:28:27,160 10,000 GENES IN THE FRUIT FLY 2115 01:28:27,160 --> 01:28:31,280 AND ALLOW US TO HAVE GENE 2116 01:28:31,280 --> 01:28:33,080 PROTEIN FUNCTION RAPIDLY AND 2117 01:28:33,080 --> 01:28:35,480 CRITICAL REAGENTS TO MODEL HUMAN 2118 01:28:35,480 --> 01:28:38,960 DISEASE PROVIDING L4 AND HUMAN 2119 01:28:38,960 --> 01:28:41,560 CDNA CONTRIBUTING TO NUMEROUS 2120 01:28:41,560 --> 01:28:43,240 NEW HUMAN DISEASES AND CURRENTLY 2121 01:28:43,240 --> 01:28:47,840 AT ABOUT 50 AND PROVIDES 2 TO 2122 01:28:47,840 --> 01:28:49,240 SCREEN DRUGS AND WHOLE 2123 01:28:49,240 --> 01:28:53,200 TECHNOLOGY IS REALLY A USEFUL 2124 01:28:53,200 --> 01:28:54,000 DEVELOPMENT. 2125 01:28:54,000 --> 01:28:55,920 SO, I WILL END HERE 2126 01:28:55,920 --> 01:28:57,120 ACKNOWLEDGING THE PEOPLE AND 2127 01:28:57,120 --> 01:28:58,880 THIS HAS BEEN A KEY PLAYER HERE 2128 01:28:58,880 --> 01:29:00,120 AND THERE IS MANY PEOPLE IN THE 2129 01:29:00,120 --> 01:29:02,960 LAB THAT OBVIOUSLY DO ALL THESE 2130 01:29:02,960 --> 01:29:04,120 TECHNOLOGIES AND INJECTIONS AND 2131 01:29:04,120 --> 01:29:06,720 WE HAVE A LOT OF TECHNICIANS 2132 01:29:06,720 --> 01:29:09,400 INVOLVED AND OBVIOUSLY HAVE TO 2133 01:29:09,400 --> 01:29:14,120 -- NINDS FOR UDM FUNDING AND 2134 01:29:14,120 --> 01:29:17,600 THIS HAS BEEN A COLLABORATION 2135 01:29:17,600 --> 01:29:22,600 WITH THE LAB AT HARVARD AND 2136 01:29:22,600 --> 01:29:24,720 SPROULING LAB AT CARNEGIE. 2137 01:29:24,720 --> 01:29:25,720 THANK YOU. 2138 01:29:25,720 --> 01:29:30,280 >> THANK YOU, HUGO. THAT IS THE 2139 01:29:30,280 --> 01:29:32,480 TOUR DE FORCE. 2140 01:29:32,480 --> 01:29:39,480 DO WE HAVE QUESTIONS? 2141 01:29:39,480 --> 01:29:43,680 >> I HAVE A FEW GEEKY MOLECULAR 2142 01:29:43,680 --> 01:29:48,040 BUY OL QUESTIONS BUT WILL V- LET 2143 01:29:48,040 --> 01:29:48,720 JAMES ASK FIRST. 2144 01:29:48,720 --> 01:29:50,880 >> THANK YOU FOR THE 2145 01:29:50,880 --> 01:29:51,840 PRESENTATION. IT WAS VERY 2146 01:29:51,840 --> 01:29:54,480 INTRIGUING. YOU ARE ABLE TO 2147 01:29:54,480 --> 01:29:56,040 DISCOVER THESE GENES AND IS THE 2148 01:29:56,040 --> 01:29:57,680 GOAL OF THE PROJECT AND WONDER 2149 01:29:57,680 --> 01:29:59,680 HOWEVER IF YOU LOOKED INTO 2150 01:29:59,680 --> 01:30:01,240 ASPECTS OF TRANSLATIONAL 2151 01:30:01,240 --> 01:30:02,920 REGULATION AND I HAVE BEEN 2152 01:30:02,920 --> 01:30:04,680 INTERESTED IN EVOLUTIONARY 2153 01:30:04,680 --> 01:30:07,520 CONTROL OF TRANSLATIONAL 2154 01:30:07,520 --> 01:30:09,080 MECHANISM DIVERSITY AND IF YOU 2155 01:30:09,080 --> 01:30:13,160 PUT HUMAN REFERENCED GENES CDNAS 2156 01:30:13,160 --> 01:30:15,200 BACK INTO DROSPHILIA CELLS YOU 2157 01:30:15,200 --> 01:30:16,880 HAVE DIFFERENCE IN CODON USAGE 2158 01:30:16,880 --> 01:30:19,800 AND DO THIS ACROSS THOUSANDS OF 2159 01:30:19,800 --> 01:30:20,440 DIFFERENT GENES NOW. 2160 01:30:20,440 --> 01:30:22,160 THERE MIGHT BE INSIGHT TO BE 2161 01:30:22,160 --> 01:30:24,840 GAINED IN TERMS OF AMOUNT OF 2162 01:30:24,840 --> 01:30:26,520 PROTEIN MADE AND RATE OF PROTEIN 2163 01:30:26,520 --> 01:30:29,080 MADE AND STRUCTURE OF RNAS GOING 2164 01:30:29,080 --> 01:30:30,920 IN AND WONDER IF ANYONE IN YOUR 2165 01:30:30,920 --> 01:30:32,280 GROUP OR OTHER GROUPS TRY TO 2166 01:30:32,280 --> 01:30:35,440 LOOK AT ASPECTS OR TRANSLATIONAL 2167 01:30:35,440 --> 01:30:36,960 REGULATION BASED UPON THIS GROUP 2168 01:30:36,960 --> 01:30:38,200 THAT YOU CREATED. 2169 01:30:38,200 --> 01:30:40,320 >> WE HAVE NOT DONE THAT. THAT 2170 01:30:40,320 --> 01:30:42,080 IS BECAUSE WE ARE OVERWHELMED 2171 01:30:42,080 --> 01:30:46,640 WITH REQUESTS FROM UDM AND 2172 01:30:46,640 --> 01:30:47,160 ACTUALLY WORLDWIDE. 2173 01:30:47,160 --> 01:30:49,920 I MEAN, WHEN WE START TO PUBLISH 2174 01:30:49,920 --> 01:30:51,440 PAPERS WE GET SO MANY REQUESTS 2175 01:30:51,440 --> 01:30:53,600 FOR SO MANY GENES THAT WE ARE 2176 01:30:53,600 --> 01:30:55,640 WAY BEHIND AND WE CANNOT CATCH 2177 01:30:55,640 --> 01:30:58,160 UP WITH, YOU KNOW, THE REQUESTS. 2178 01:30:58,160 --> 01:31:01,760 SO, WE ARE DIGGING TYPICALLY A 2179 01:31:01,760 --> 01:31:03,920 POST DOC WILL DIG INTO BIOLOGY 2180 01:31:03,920 --> 01:31:06,080 TO KIND OF FIND OUT WHICH 2181 01:31:06,080 --> 01:31:08,320 PATHWAYS EFFECT IT AND WHICH 2182 01:31:08,320 --> 01:31:09,600 CELLS EXPRESS GENES, ET CETERA. 2183 01:31:09,600 --> 01:31:11,640 WE ARE NOT REALLY INTERESTED IN 2184 01:31:11,640 --> 01:31:13,600 IF THE HUMAN GENE FAILS TO 2185 01:31:13,600 --> 01:31:15,960 RESCUE THAT IS THE CASE ANYWHERE 2186 01:31:15,960 --> 01:31:18,760 FROM 30 TO 50% OF THE TIMES 2187 01:31:18,760 --> 01:31:20,040 DEPENDING HOW YOU DEFINE RISK. 2188 01:31:20,040 --> 01:31:22,880 WE ARE NOT PURSUING THAT. WE 2189 01:31:22,880 --> 01:31:25,560 COULD DO CODON OPTIMIZATION AND 2190 01:31:25,560 --> 01:31:27,680 COULD DO A LOT OF WORK. YOU 2191 01:31:27,680 --> 01:31:32,040 KNOW, THERE IS A NEED TO GO IN 2192 01:31:32,040 --> 01:31:36,080 HIGHER THROUGHPUT WHICH IS WHERE 2193 01:31:36,080 --> 01:31:40,240 LIMITATIONS ARE. 2194 01:31:40,240 --> 01:31:44,720 >> BRIAN? 2195 01:31:44,720 --> 01:31:46,960 >> YES. VERY INTERESTING WORK. 2196 01:31:46,960 --> 01:31:48,440 QUICK QUESTION HERE. IN TERMS 2197 01:31:48,440 --> 01:31:52,960 OF SHARING OF REAGENTS, YOU HAVE 2198 01:31:52,960 --> 01:31:56,520 TALKED TO PEOPLE AT ADD GENE 2199 01:31:56,520 --> 01:31:58,240 ABOUT DEPOSITING CONSTRUCTS 2200 01:31:58,240 --> 01:31:58,480 THERE. 2201 01:31:58,480 --> 01:32:00,960 >> EVERYTHING WE DO IS 2202 01:32:00,960 --> 01:32:03,840 DEPOSITED IN BLOOMINGTON STOCK 2203 01:32:03,840 --> 01:32:08,080 CENTER OR IF THEY REFUSE KEY 2204 01:32:08,080 --> 01:32:12,680 OTOSTOCK CENTER OR BLOOMINGTON 2205 01:32:12,680 --> 01:32:15,240 DROSPHILIA REPOSITORY AND 2206 01:32:15,240 --> 01:32:19,640 DEPOSITING 6 TO 7,000 US HUMAN 2207 01:32:19,640 --> 01:32:23,000 CDAS AND CHEAPER GOING 2208 01:32:23,000 --> 01:32:25,200 COMMERCIALLY AND $40 FOR CLONE 2209 01:32:25,200 --> 01:32:27,280 AND YOU GET VERIFIED US HUMAN 2210 01:32:27,280 --> 01:32:29,760 SEED AND EVERYTHING IS PUBLICLY 2211 01:32:29,760 --> 01:32:33,080 AVAILABLE AND REPOSITED IN, YOU 2212 01:32:33,080 --> 01:32:34,000 KNOW, IN STOCKS. 2213 01:32:34,000 --> 01:32:36,720 >> YEAH. I GUESS THE QUESTION 2214 01:32:36,720 --> 01:32:40,120 IS, YOU KNOW, I APPRECIATE THAT 2215 01:32:40,120 --> 01:32:41,360 MANY, MANY PEOPLE WANT ACCESS TO 2216 01:32:41,360 --> 01:32:42,480 YOUR RESOURCES. 2217 01:32:42,480 --> 01:32:44,640 YOU WERE SAYING YOU ARE HAVING 2218 01:32:44,640 --> 01:32:47,400 TROUBLE SORT OF KEEPING UP WITH 2219 01:32:47,400 --> 01:32:48,200 THE REQUESTS. 2220 01:32:48,200 --> 01:32:50,320 AND IS IT BECAUSE OF THE CURRENT 2221 01:32:50,320 --> 01:32:52,920 SORT OF DEPOSITORIES ARE NOT 2222 01:32:52,920 --> 01:32:55,360 SUCH FOR WHAT PEOPLE ARE ASKING 2223 01:32:55,360 --> 01:32:56,480 FOR OR OTHERS. 2224 01:32:56,480 --> 01:32:59,360 >> WELL, THE KEY IS, YOU KNOW, 2225 01:32:59,360 --> 01:33:02,120 OVERSEE, WE ARE SUPPORTED BY 2226 01:33:02,120 --> 01:33:06,800 ORIP TO CREATE REAGENTS AND 2227 01:33:06,800 --> 01:33:09,800 SUPPORT OF UDN IS VERY MINIMAL. 2228 01:33:09,800 --> 01:33:13,840 SO, WE ARE KIND OF STRAPPED ON 2229 01:33:13,840 --> 01:33:14,160 PERSONNEL. 2230 01:33:14,160 --> 01:33:16,080 YOU NEED POST DOCS AND WE HAVE 2231 01:33:16,080 --> 01:33:20,160 TECHNICIANS CREATING REAGENTS 2232 01:33:20,160 --> 01:33:22,200 DOING PHENOTYPIC ANALYSIS AND 2233 01:33:22,200 --> 01:33:24,920 MASS SPECK AND ALL OTHER 2234 01:33:24,920 --> 01:33:25,760 REQUIREMENTS REQUIRE POST DOCS 2235 01:33:25,760 --> 01:33:27,960 THAT TACKLE 1 ORE 2 OR SOMETIMES 2236 01:33:27,960 --> 01:33:30,520 THREE GENES OVER 1 OR 2 YEAR 2237 01:33:30,520 --> 01:33:32,600 PERIOD AND YOU NEED FOR EACH OF 2238 01:33:32,600 --> 01:33:34,680 THESE STORIES, YOU NEED A POST 2239 01:33:34,680 --> 01:33:36,720 DOC THAT IS INVESTED AND IN THE 2240 01:33:36,720 --> 01:33:43,040 BEGINNING IS PRETTY EASY GETTING 2241 01:33:43,040 --> 01:33:46,320 TO DIAGNOSIS REQUIRES ONE STOCK 2242 01:33:46,320 --> 01:33:49,280 MADE AND PUBLISHING IS ORDER 2243 01:33:49,280 --> 01:33:50,880 THAT IS DIFFICULT. 2244 01:33:50,880 --> 01:33:52,880 YOU NEED TO FIND PATIENTS SECOND 2245 01:33:52,880 --> 01:33:54,720 AND THIRD AND 4TH PATIENT AND 2246 01:33:54,720 --> 01:33:56,640 SECOND AND THIRD AND 4TH MODEL 2247 01:33:56,640 --> 01:33:58,800 AND DIFFERENT ALLELES HOW THEY 2248 01:33:58,800 --> 01:34:03,440 BEHAVE AND CORRELATION WITH 2249 01:34:03,440 --> 01:34:05,680 PHENOTYPES IN PATIENTS THAT 2250 01:34:05,680 --> 01:34:09,480 REQUIRES LABOR AND EFFORT TRYING 2251 01:34:09,480 --> 01:34:13,120 TO FIGURE OUT THAT REQUIRES 2252 01:34:13,120 --> 01:34:17,680 RESOURCES AND BEING RESOURCE 2253 01:34:17,680 --> 01:34:17,960 LIMITED. 2254 01:34:17,960 --> 01:34:20,360 >> THANKS A LOT. THAT IS 2255 01:34:20,360 --> 01:34:25,200 HELPFUL. OTHER QUESTIONS? 2256 01:34:25,200 --> 01:34:28,080 HUGO, FASCINATED BY OBSERVATION 2257 01:34:28,080 --> 01:34:38,640 OR RESULT THAT YOU CAN JOB TH 2258 01:34:41,600 --> 01:34:45,440 THESE-A QUESTION HOW YOU ASSESS 2259 01:34:45,440 --> 01:34:47,920 FUNCTION ACROSS SO MANY 2260 01:34:47,920 --> 01:34:49,680 DIFFERENT GENES 95% OF THE TIME 2261 01:34:49,680 --> 01:34:52,040 OR 80% OF THE TIME? WHAT IS 2262 01:34:52,040 --> 01:34:53,640 ACTUAL DATA ON THAT? 2263 01:34:53,640 --> 01:34:55,960 I IMAGINE I GUESS PART OF THE 2264 01:34:55,960 --> 01:34:57,480 OTHER QUESTION IS DO YOU KIND OF 2265 01:34:57,480 --> 01:35:01,000 LOOK AT PREDICTIVE PROTEIN 2266 01:35:01,000 --> 01:35:02,840 STRUCTURE TO DECIDE WHERE TO PUT 2267 01:35:02,840 --> 01:35:03,880 THESE THINGS. 2268 01:35:03,880 --> 01:35:04,600 >> VERY GOOD QUESTION. 2269 01:35:04,600 --> 01:35:11,720 IN THE BEGINNING WE HAVE NO 2270 01:35:11,720 --> 01:35:13,640 CHOICE AND MIMIC INSERTIONS AND 2271 01:35:13,640 --> 01:35:16,920 PICK INTERON AND PUT IN THE 2272 01:35:16,920 --> 01:35:20,400 CASSETTE AND WE NOW KNOW WHAT 2273 01:35:20,400 --> 01:35:23,760 PORTIONS OF CDNA ENCODED IN 2274 01:35:23,760 --> 01:35:27,000 PROTEINS AND PICK DOMAINS NOT 2275 01:35:27,000 --> 01:35:28,720 TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAINS BETWEEN 2276 01:35:28,720 --> 01:35:31,200 FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS OF THE 2277 01:35:31,200 --> 01:35:34,080 PROTEIN AND GET BETWEEN NOW 85 2278 01:35:34,080 --> 01:35:37,560 AND 90% REVERSION OF THE 2279 01:35:37,560 --> 01:35:41,680 PHENOTYPE AND START WITH T2A-GAL 2280 01:35:41,680 --> 01:35:43,480 4 AND WE HAD PHENOTYPES BEFORE 2281 01:35:43,480 --> 01:35:46,560 WE STARTED AND BRING IN GFP AND 2282 01:35:46,560 --> 01:35:49,800 THEY ARE GONE. 2283 01:35:49,800 --> 01:35:53,560 >> FUF FUNCTIONAL, THAT IS 2284 01:35:53,560 --> 01:35:55,240 IMPRESSIVE. THANKS. 2285 01:35:55,240 --> 01:35:57,120 >> IT SHOULD BE APPLICABLE TO 2286 01:35:57,120 --> 01:35:59,920 EVERY MODEL ORGANISM, I THINK. 2287 01:35:59,920 --> 01:36:01,720 ELECTRONIC TAGGING ALLOWS YOU TO 2288 01:36:01,720 --> 01:36:03,920 PICK WHERE YOU WANT TO TAG THE 2289 01:36:03,920 --> 01:36:05,000 PROTEIN. 2290 01:36:05,000 --> 01:36:08,320 IT IS MUCH EASIER THAN AMINO 2291 01:36:08,320 --> 01:36:09,360 [INDISCERNIBLE] WHICH IS MORE 2292 01:36:09,360 --> 01:36:11,120 TOXIC IN OUR HANDS AND WE HAVE 2293 01:36:11,120 --> 01:36:15,120 DONE THE STUDY AND SHOWN THAT 2294 01:36:15,120 --> 01:36:17,960 AMINO AND CAR BOXY AMINO 2295 01:36:17,960 --> 01:36:19,960 TARGETING PEPTIDE AND IF YOU 2296 01:36:19,960 --> 01:36:25,000 HAVE -- AND HAVE PC DOMAIN YOU 2297 01:36:25,000 --> 01:36:26,720 KILL IT IF YOU CAN PICK A DOMAIN 2298 01:36:26,720 --> 01:36:29,120 IN CENTER OF PROTEIN THAT IS 2299 01:36:29,120 --> 01:36:30,560 ACTUALLY PREFERRED STRATEGY. 2300 01:36:30,560 --> 01:36:33,160 >> YOU HAVE A WAY OF GOING AND 2301 01:36:33,160 --> 01:36:36,240 BASICALLY REVERTING PHENOTYPE 2302 01:36:36,240 --> 01:36:36,560 POTENTIALLY. 2303 01:36:36,560 --> 01:36:37,800 BUT YEAH. 2304 01:36:37,800 --> 01:36:39,200 OKAY. BUT YOU DO HAVE ADVANTAGE 2305 01:36:39,200 --> 01:36:43,320 OF FLIES WHERE YOU HAVE ACCESS 2306 01:36:43,320 --> 01:36:46,720 AND IT WILL BE A LOT HIGHER. 2307 01:36:46,720 --> 01:36:48,960 >> WE SPENT 5 OR 6 YEARS TO GET 2308 01:36:48,960 --> 01:36:52,360 TO 85% EFFICIENCY; RIGHT? 2309 01:36:52,360 --> 01:36:53,960 STARTING FROM SCRATCH. THAT WAS 2310 01:36:53,960 --> 01:36:55,160 REALLY IMPORTANT AND BRINGING 2311 01:36:55,160 --> 01:36:58,400 COSTS DOWN AND ORIGINALLY WAS 2312 01:36:58,400 --> 01:37:00,920 $2,000 PER STOCK AND ARE AT $800 2313 01:37:00,920 --> 01:37:02,920 AND HAVE BEEN ABLE TO REALLY 2314 01:37:02,920 --> 01:37:04,240 OPTIMIZE TECHNOLOGY IN THIS. 2315 01:37:04,240 --> 01:37:05,760 >> ANYBODY IN THE GROUP 2316 01:37:05,760 --> 01:37:08,480 DEPLOYED THIS ON A SMALLER SCALE 2317 01:37:08,480 --> 01:37:09,600 SAY IN FISH OR MICE. 2318 01:37:09,600 --> 01:37:12,360 >> THERE IS A TEAM AT STANFORD 2319 01:37:12,360 --> 01:37:15,600 THAT HAS DONE IT IN FISH WITH 2320 01:37:15,600 --> 01:37:18,760 T2A-GAL 4 AND REFERRED TO ME 2321 01:37:18,760 --> 01:37:20,480 THEY HAD SUCCESS IN THE FIRST 2322 01:37:20,480 --> 01:37:20,680 RUN. 2323 01:37:20,680 --> 01:37:24,800 >> IMPRESSIVE. OKAY. THANKS. 2324 01:37:24,800 --> 01:37:26,200 OTHER QUESTIONS? 2325 01:37:26,200 --> 01:37:30,480 >> JUST EMPHASIZING HOW 2326 01:37:30,480 --> 01:37:32,840 IMPORTANT HUGO'S WORK HAS BEEN 2327 01:37:32,840 --> 01:37:37,520 ON UNDIAGNOSED DISEASE NAILED 2328 01:37:37,520 --> 01:37:40,040 DOWN DISCOVERIES THAT HAVE BEEN 2329 01:37:40,040 --> 01:37:41,280 LEAD FOR THERAPIES. 2330 01:37:41,280 --> 01:37:44,560 SO, IT HAS REALLY BEEN A 2331 01:37:44,560 --> 01:37:47,480 FANTASTIC PROGRAM. 2332 01:37:47,480 --> 01:37:54,160 >> THANK YOU. 2333 01:37:54,160 --> 01:37:58,960 >> I DON'T SEE ANY OTHER HANDS 2334 01:38:01,560 --> 01:38:02,000 UP. 2335 01:38:02,000 --> 01:38:03,840 SUSAN, LOOKS LIKE WE ARE ON 2336 01:38:03,840 --> 01:38:04,040 TIME. 2337 01:38:04,040 --> 01:38:05,520 >> A LITTLE AHEAD. 2338 01:38:05,520 --> 01:38:07,960 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. THAT WAS 2339 01:38:07,960 --> 01:38:11,080 AN AMAZING PRESENTATION. THANK 2340 01:38:11,080 --> 01:38:12,840 YOU, DOCTOR. WE ARE SCHEDULED 2341 01:38:12,840 --> 01:38:16,280 TO RESUME THE CLOSED SESSION AT 2342 01:38:16,280 --> 01:38:16,480 2:15. 2343 01:38:16,480 --> 01:38:19,200 IF YOU COULD COME BACK ON AND, 2344 01:38:19,200 --> 01:38:20,560 AGAIN, THIS IS A DIFFERENT LINK 2345 01:38:20,560 --> 01:38:22,520 THAN BEFORE AND IS ONLY FOR 2346 01:38:22,520 --> 01:38:24,080 COUNCIL MEMBERS AND MEMBERS OF 2347 01:38:24,080 --> 01:38:25,520 THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. 2348 01:38:25,520 --> 01:38:27,440 SO, WE LOOK FORWARD TO TALKING 2349 01:38:27,440 --> 01:38:28,920 TO YOU THEN ABOUT THE FUNDING 2350 01:38:28,920 --> 01:38:31,160 PLANS WE WANTED TO GET YOUR 2351 01:38:31,160 --> 00:00:00,000 FEEDBACK ON. HAVE A GOOD LUNCH