1 00:00:05,080 --> 00:00:09,240 WELCOME EVERYONE TO DAY TWO OF 2 00:00:09,240 --> 00:00:10,520 BRAIN BEHAVIORAL QUANTIFICATION 3 00:00:10,520 --> 00:00:12,960 AND SYNCHRONIZATION WORKSHOP. 4 00:00:12,960 --> 00:00:14,720 FOR THOSE WHO PARTICIPATED AND 5 00:00:14,720 --> 00:00:16,720 ATTENDED DAY ONE WE HOPE DAY ONE 6 00:00:16,720 --> 00:00:18,640 CHALLENGED YOU TO THINK ABOUT 7 00:00:18,640 --> 00:00:20,040 BEHAVIOR AS MORE THAN JUST THE 8 00:00:20,040 --> 00:00:22,760 OUTPUT OF THE BRAIN OR SET OF 9 00:00:22,760 --> 00:00:24,440 PHENOTYPES TO BE COMPARED BUT 10 00:00:24,440 --> 00:00:27,120 THINK OF BRAIN BEHAVIOR AS A 11 00:00:27,120 --> 00:00:29,040 COMPLEX SYSTEM WHERE ORGANISMS 12 00:00:29,040 --> 00:00:30,360 INDIVIDUALLY AND COLLECTIVELY 13 00:00:30,360 --> 00:00:32,520 RESPOND TO AND LEARN FROM AND 14 00:00:32,520 --> 00:00:34,960 ACT ON THEIR ENVIRONMENT. 15 00:00:34,960 --> 00:00:36,480 OUR CHARGE FOR TODAY OUR GOAL IS 16 00:00:36,480 --> 00:00:39,720 TO TAKE THE NEW THINKING THAT WE 17 00:00:39,720 --> 00:00:41,000 ACTUALLY HOPE WAS GENERATED 18 00:00:41,000 --> 00:00:42,440 YESTERDAY AND TAKE THIS NEW 19 00:00:42,440 --> 00:00:44,560 THINKING TO SEE HOW IT CAN 20 00:00:44,560 --> 00:00:46,400 ADVANCE BEHAVIORAL AND NEURAL 21 00:00:46,400 --> 00:00:52,320 SCIENCE. 22 00:00:52,320 --> 00:00:54,680 SO TODAY WE'LL BE INTEGRATING 23 00:00:54,680 --> 00:00:56,280 AND SYNTHESIZING AND THINKING 24 00:00:56,280 --> 00:00:58,040 ABOUT THE QUESTIONS AS WE GO 25 00:00:58,040 --> 00:00:58,280 ALONG. 26 00:00:58,280 --> 00:01:00,880 HOW DO WE INTEGRATE THE WHOLE 27 00:01:00,880 --> 00:01:02,400 ORGANISM AND ENVIRONMENT INTO 28 00:01:02,400 --> 00:01:04,000 NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH. 29 00:01:04,000 --> 00:01:05,680 MORE SPECIFICALLY FOR HUMAN 30 00:01:05,680 --> 00:01:08,960 NEUROSCIENCE STUDIES HOW DO WE 31 00:01:08,960 --> 00:01:10,800 MODEL REGULATION WHILE PUTTING 32 00:01:10,800 --> 00:01:11,960 THE HUMAN IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND 33 00:01:11,960 --> 00:01:14,080 HOW DO WE INTEGRATE THE SCIENCE 34 00:01:14,080 --> 00:01:16,360 AND PRACTICE OF ETHICS IN THE 35 00:01:16,360 --> 00:01:17,920 NEW BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE WE'RE 36 00:01:17,920 --> 00:01:18,320 TALKING ABOUT. 37 00:01:18,320 --> 00:01:22,360 WE'LL START OFF TODAY WITH THREE 38 00:01:22,360 --> 00:01:29,040 TALKS BY MALAND NITA AND EACH 39 00:01:29,040 --> 00:01:37,640 WILL BE FOLLOWED BY Q&A AND 40 00:01:37,640 --> 00:01:38,480 MODERATE 41 00:01:38,480 --> 00:01:44,680 MODERATED BREAK OUT ROOMS AND 42 00:01:44,680 --> 00:01:47,960 WE'LL HAVE ONE ON ORGANISMAL 43 00:01:47,960 --> 00:01:49,080 COMPARATIVE BREAKOUT AND FOCUSES 44 00:01:49,080 --> 00:01:51,480 ON HOW TO THINK OF BEHAVIORS AN 45 00:01:51,480 --> 00:01:53,800 NEW QUESTIONS AND THE TOOLS WE 46 00:01:53,800 --> 00:01:54,920 NEED OR TOOLS WE HAVE TO 47 00:01:54,920 --> 00:01:58,400 APPROACH THE NEWS QUESTIONS AND 48 00:01:58,400 --> 00:01:59,880 THE CHALLENGES OF BARRIERS WE 49 00:01:59,880 --> 00:02:02,400 NEED TO ADDRESS. 50 00:02:02,400 --> 00:02:06,280 THE HUMAN CLINICAL BREAKOUT 51 00:02:06,280 --> 00:02:14,040 SESSION WILL BE CO-LED BY 52 00:02:14,040 --> 00:02:22,800 AYSEGUL AND THE COMPARISON 53 00:02:22,800 --> 00:02:29,040 WESTBOUND HELD BY TALMO AND END 54 00:02:29,040 --> 00:02:32,280 THE DAY WITH JOHN NGAI. 55 00:02:32,280 --> 00:02:39,640 OUR FIRST SPEAKER, MALA MURTHY 56 00:02:39,640 --> 00:02:40,040 TO GIVE HER TALK. 57 00:02:40,040 --> 00:02:58,080 THANK YOU. 58 00:02:58,080 --> 00:02:59,240 >> LET ME SHARE MY SCREEN. 59 00:02:59,240 --> 00:03:01,080 CAN YOU SEE THAT OKAY? 60 00:03:01,080 --> 00:03:05,200 >> YES. 61 00:03:05,200 --> 00:03:12,440 >> GREAT. 62 00:03:12,440 --> 00:03:13,280 I'M EXCITED ABOUT THE 63 00:03:13,280 --> 00:03:14,040 DISCUSSIONS WE'RE HAVING AND 64 00:03:14,040 --> 00:03:29,080 LOOK FORWARD TO MORE TODAY. 65 00:03:29,080 --> 00:03:31,600 THE ORGANIZERS ASKED ME TO DO MY 66 00:03:31,600 --> 00:03:32,880 PRESENTATION ON THE SPACE OF 67 00:03:32,880 --> 00:03:33,480 QUANTIFICATION AND LINKING 68 00:03:33,480 --> 00:03:35,320 NEURAL ACTIVITY TO BEHAVIOR AND 69 00:03:35,320 --> 00:03:36,880 SO I HOPE THIS HELPS IN FRAMING 70 00:03:36,880 --> 00:03:48,000 THE DISCUSSION LATER TODAY. 71 00:03:48,000 --> 00:03:50,280 THERE'S A FEW POINTS AND I'LL 72 00:03:50,280 --> 00:03:50,920 HIGHLIGHT THE IMPORTANCE OF 73 00:03:50,920 --> 00:03:53,560 MODEL SYSTEMS FOR DEVELOPING AND 74 00:03:53,560 --> 00:03:54,480 TESTING BEHAVIORAL 75 00:03:54,480 --> 00:03:55,680 QUANTIFICATION TOOLS AND 76 00:03:55,680 --> 00:03:56,680 DEVELOPING METHODS FOR 77 00:03:56,680 --> 00:03:59,360 CONNECTING NEURAL ACTIVITY AND 78 00:03:59,360 --> 00:03:59,960 BEHAVIOR. 79 00:03:59,960 --> 00:04:02,240 SECOND, I'LL HIGHLIGHT THE 80 00:04:02,240 --> 00:04:04,280 UTILITY OF STUDYING NATURAL 81 00:04:04,280 --> 00:04:06,200 BEHAVIORS TO TAP INTO 82 00:04:06,200 --> 00:04:07,040 COMPUTATIONAL PROBLEMS THAT 83 00:04:07,040 --> 00:04:09,600 BRAINS HAVE EVOLVED TO SOLVE. 84 00:04:09,600 --> 00:04:10,880 THIRD, I'M MOVES THE IMPORTANCE 85 00:04:10,880 --> 00:04:13,080 OF FOCUSSING STUDIES AT THE 86 00:04:13,080 --> 00:04:16,280 LEVEL OF NEURAL COMPUTATIONS 87 00:04:16,280 --> 00:04:18,800 THEY'RE LIKELY TO BE CONSERVED 88 00:04:18,800 --> 00:04:21,080 ACROSS DISPARATE SYSTEMS AND 89 00:04:21,080 --> 00:04:23,920 FLIES IN HUMANS SOLVE SOME OF 90 00:04:23,920 --> 00:04:29,200 THE SAME PROBLEMS IN ACCUOUSTIC 91 00:04:29,200 --> 00:04:30,400 MECHANISMS AND IT PROVIDES A 92 00:04:30,400 --> 00:04:33,760 ROAD MAP AS WE MOVE UP IN SYSTEM 93 00:04:33,760 --> 00:04:34,360 COMPLEXITY. 94 00:04:34,360 --> 00:04:35,880 FOURTH, I'LL DISCUSS THE 95 00:04:35,880 --> 00:04:37,080 BEHAVIOR VARIABILITY RATHER THAN 96 00:04:37,080 --> 00:04:41,360 NOISE IS AN IMPORTANT LENS 97 00:04:41,360 --> 00:04:43,080 THROUGH WHICH TO VIEW THE 98 00:04:43,080 --> 00:04:45,880 NERVOUS SYSTEM AND CAPTURING 99 00:04:45,880 --> 00:04:48,280 VARIATION CAN BE USEFUL IN 100 00:04:48,280 --> 00:04:54,000 FIGURING OUT WHY IT GENERATES 101 00:04:54,000 --> 00:04:55,720 VARIABILITY AND BEHAVIORS 102 00:04:55,720 --> 00:04:58,560 CONTINUOUSLY AND TRYING TO FIND 103 00:04:58,560 --> 00:05:01,080 DISCREET BOUNDARIES WITH 104 00:05:01,080 --> 00:05:02,080 BEHAVIORAL ELEMENTS MAY BE 105 00:05:02,080 --> 00:05:03,920 CHALLENGING AND AMAY OR MAY NOT 106 00:05:03,920 --> 00:05:04,520 BE HELPFUL. 107 00:05:04,520 --> 00:05:07,080 THE PRIMARY FOCUS OF RESEARCH ON 108 00:05:07,080 --> 00:05:09,480 MY LAB IS ON SOCIAL 109 00:05:09,480 --> 00:05:12,040 COMMUNICATION AND THOUGH SOCIAL 110 00:05:12,040 --> 00:05:12,760 INTERACTIONS OCCUR IN COMPLEX 111 00:05:12,760 --> 00:05:17,440 REAL WORLD ENVIRONMENTS AS 112 00:05:17,440 --> 00:05:19,440 DEPICTED HERE THE BEHAVIOR OF 113 00:05:19,440 --> 00:05:21,280 EACH INDIVIDUAL IS RESPONSIVE TO 114 00:05:21,280 --> 00:05:21,720 CUES FROM THE SOCIAL 115 00:05:21,720 --> 00:05:25,960 INTERACTION. 116 00:05:25,960 --> 00:05:27,400 THIS MEANS THE MOST RELEVANT 117 00:05:27,400 --> 00:05:29,960 VINCE STIMULI CAN BE WELL 118 00:05:29,960 --> 00:05:30,520 ESTIMATED USING TOOLS FOR 119 00:05:30,520 --> 00:05:40,480 QUANTIFYING BEHAVIOR. 120 00:05:40,480 --> 00:05:43,680 AND THIS IS HOW WE DISTILL THE 121 00:05:43,680 --> 00:05:45,160 CHALLENGE OF BEHAVIOR IN COMPLEX 122 00:05:45,160 --> 00:05:46,240 ENVIRONMENTS AND LEVERAGED THIS 123 00:05:46,240 --> 00:05:48,800 TO MAKE HEADWAY ON THE NEURAL 124 00:05:48,800 --> 00:05:53,600 MECHANISMS UNDERLYING SENSORY TO 125 00:05:53,600 --> 00:05:54,880 MOTOR TRANSFORMATIONS DURING 126 00:05:54,880 --> 00:05:56,040 COMMUNICATION AND DURING 127 00:05:56,040 --> 00:06:00,280 COURTSHIP WHICH IS THE BEHAVIOR 128 00:06:00,280 --> 00:06:03,400 MALE FLIES GENERATE SONGS VIA 129 00:06:03,400 --> 00:06:06,440 WING VIBRATION AND THEY CARRY 130 00:06:06,440 --> 00:06:09,800 SEXUAL AND SOCIAL AND DIRECTED 131 00:06:09,800 --> 00:06:12,400 TO THE FEMALES AND FEMALES 132 00:06:12,400 --> 00:06:14,400 ARBITRATING MATING DECISION. 133 00:06:14,400 --> 00:06:17,320 IT CONSISTS OF TWO PRIMARY MODES 134 00:06:17,320 --> 00:06:19,080 CALLED SIGN AND PULSE. 135 00:06:19,080 --> 00:06:22,840 SIGN IS A HUM AND PULSE IS A 136 00:06:22,840 --> 00:06:25,960 TRAIN OF IMPULSES. 137 00:06:25,960 --> 00:06:27,960 I'LL PLAY A QUICK CLIP IF YOU 138 00:06:27,960 --> 00:06:30,400 HAVEN'T HEARD IT BEFORE TO 139 00:06:30,400 --> 00:06:39,560 APPRECIATE THE PATTERNING. 140 00:06:39,560 --> 00:06:42,680 I'LL TAKE YOU QUICKLY THROUGH 141 00:06:42,680 --> 00:06:43,480 EXPERIMENTS AND FOCUS ON THE 142 00:06:43,480 --> 00:06:44,680 MALE SIDE OF THE BEHAVIOR. 143 00:06:44,680 --> 00:06:50,320 TO QUANTIFY THE BEHAVIOR WE 144 00:06:50,320 --> 00:06:53,520 DEVELOPED SOFTWARE TO QUANTIFY 145 00:06:53,520 --> 00:06:56,560 THE FEATURES AND WITH 146 00:06:56,560 --> 00:06:59,560 MICROPHONES WE RECORD SONG AS 147 00:06:59,560 --> 00:07:00,320 THE MALE PERFORMS HIS NATURAL 148 00:07:00,320 --> 00:07:01,280 CHASING BEHAVIOR. 149 00:07:01,280 --> 00:07:03,720 I WANT TO MENTION THE METHODS 150 00:07:03,720 --> 00:07:06,480 FOR SONG SEGMENTATION HAVE BEEN 151 00:07:06,480 --> 00:07:09,280 EXTENDED BY A FORMER POST DOCK 152 00:07:09,280 --> 00:07:13,080 IN MY LAB WHO NOW HAS HIS OWN 153 00:07:13,080 --> 00:07:14,400 LAB IN GERMANY TO LEVERAGE DEEP 154 00:07:14,400 --> 00:07:16,480 LEARNING TO IMPROVE NOT ONLY THE 155 00:07:16,480 --> 00:07:19,080 SPEED AND ACCURACY OF SONG 156 00:07:19,080 --> 00:07:21,200 SEGMENTITION AND TO MAKE THE 157 00:07:21,200 --> 00:07:23,200 METHODS FLEXIBLE FOR SEGMENTING 158 00:07:23,200 --> 00:07:25,720 SONGS FROM A NUMBER OF OTHER 159 00:07:25,720 --> 00:07:26,280 SPECIES. 160 00:07:26,280 --> 00:07:32,440 HERE'S AN EXAMPLE OF 30 MONTHS 161 00:07:32,440 --> 00:07:38,000 OF COURTSHIP AND MALES PRODUCE 162 00:07:38,000 --> 00:07:42,120 LONG SONGS AROUND WE LOOKED AT 163 00:07:42,120 --> 00:07:43,440 WHICH DETERMINES THE PULSE OR 164 00:07:43,440 --> 00:07:49,120 SONG THE MALES PERFORMS AND AS 165 00:07:49,120 --> 00:07:50,480 YOU CAN SEE FROM THE BOUT EACH 166 00:07:50,480 --> 00:07:52,400 IS UNIQUE IN STRUCTURE AND 167 00:07:52,400 --> 00:07:53,080 HIGHLY VARIABLE FROM ONE BOUT TO 168 00:07:53,080 --> 00:08:06,440 THE NEXT. 169 00:08:06,440 --> 00:08:09,960 WE CAN SIMPLIFY THE PARAMETERS 170 00:08:09,960 --> 00:08:12,080 AND IT CONSTITUTE THE STIMULUS 171 00:08:12,080 --> 00:08:12,400 HISTORIES. 172 00:08:12,400 --> 00:08:14,560 THE THEY WERE PREDICTIONS WHICH 173 00:08:14,560 --> 00:08:15,920 SONG THE MALE WAS SINGING. 174 00:08:15,920 --> 00:08:21,880 AT THE START DOES THE SING THE 175 00:08:21,880 --> 00:08:26,720 PULSE OR SIGN MODE? 176 00:08:26,720 --> 00:08:28,880 WE FOUND EVERY TRANSITION WAS 177 00:08:28,880 --> 00:08:29,880 INFLUENCED FROM INTERACTIONS 178 00:08:29,880 --> 00:08:31,480 WHETHER TO SING, WHICH MODE TO 179 00:08:31,480 --> 00:08:34,120 START IN, HOW LONG TO SING THAT 180 00:08:34,120 --> 00:08:34,760 MODE, WHEN TO TRANSITION AND END 181 00:08:34,760 --> 00:08:38,480 SONG. 182 00:08:38,480 --> 00:08:42,000 THE TWO MOST PREDICTIVE FEATURES 183 00:08:42,000 --> 00:08:43,600 WERE THE VELOCITY AND DISTANCE 184 00:08:43,600 --> 00:08:45,000 TO THE FEMALE. 185 00:08:45,000 --> 00:08:46,480 SO ONE IMPORTANT FEATURES OF 186 00:08:46,480 --> 00:08:47,880 MODELS IS WE NOT ONLY EXPLAIN 187 00:08:47,880 --> 00:08:50,280 THE VARIABILITY IN BEHAVIOR BUT 188 00:08:50,280 --> 00:08:52,000 ALSO UNCOVER THE SPECIFIC TIME 189 00:08:52,000 --> 00:08:53,520 SCALES OVER WHICH SENSORY 190 00:08:53,520 --> 00:08:58,640 INFORMATION INFLUENCES BEHAVIOR. 191 00:08:58,640 --> 00:09:00,760 FOR EXAMPLE THE DISTANCE BETWEEN 192 00:09:00,760 --> 00:09:05,160 THE MALE AND FEMALE IS 193 00:09:05,160 --> 00:09:09,000 PREDICTIVE OF SINGING THE SIGN 194 00:09:09,000 --> 00:09:10,600 SONG AND DECISION TO SING 195 00:09:10,600 --> 00:09:13,400 POSTSONG TO THE TIME OF THE 196 00:09:13,400 --> 00:09:13,600 PULSE. 197 00:09:13,600 --> 00:09:16,840 VARIABILITY HERE PROVED TO BE 198 00:09:16,840 --> 00:09:17,440 THE CRITICAL TOOL FOR 199 00:09:17,440 --> 00:09:18,960 DISCOVERING SONG IS PATTERNED BY 200 00:09:18,960 --> 00:09:21,760 FEMALE FEEDBACK. 201 00:09:21,760 --> 00:09:24,920 SO OUR BEHAVIORAL ANALYSES SHOWS 202 00:09:24,920 --> 00:09:26,640 MALES NOT ONLY MODULATE SONG 203 00:09:26,640 --> 00:09:28,880 PATTERN BUT INTENSITY SINGING 204 00:09:28,880 --> 00:09:30,440 LOUDER AS THEY MOVE FURTHER FROM 205 00:09:30,440 --> 00:09:39,000 THE FEMALE LIKE HUMANS DO IN 206 00:09:39,000 --> 00:09:41,920 CONVERSATION AND SOME SONG BIRDS 207 00:09:41,920 --> 00:09:45,800 AND IF WE ACTIVATE NEURONS TO 208 00:09:45,800 --> 00:09:48,920 INDUCE THEM TO SING, THEY'LL 209 00:09:48,920 --> 00:09:51,800 MODULATE THEIR SONG AMPLITUDE 210 00:09:51,800 --> 00:09:53,760 WITH THE THE SIZE OF THE VISUAL 211 00:09:53,760 --> 00:09:57,040 CUE MEANT TO MIMIC THE FEMALE. 212 00:09:57,040 --> 00:09:58,400 AND WE FOUND INDIVIDUALS SONG 213 00:09:58,400 --> 00:10:00,280 PULSES SHOWN HERE AS RED AND 214 00:10:00,280 --> 00:10:02,280 ORANGE DOTS COULD BE CLUSTERED 215 00:10:02,280 --> 00:10:03,680 ACCORDING TO PULSE SHAPE. 216 00:10:03,680 --> 00:10:08,880 SO THE PULSE MODE OF SONG WAS 217 00:10:08,880 --> 00:10:10,920 COMPOSED OF TWO DISTINCT TYPES 218 00:10:10,920 --> 00:10:12,920 OF PULSE AND ORANGE ARE LOUDER 219 00:10:12,920 --> 00:10:14,320 AND SLOW PULSES SHOWN IN RED 220 00:10:14,320 --> 00:10:22,360 WHICH HAVE SOFTER. 221 00:10:22,360 --> 00:10:24,880 MALES CAN SELECT WHICH TO SING 222 00:10:24,880 --> 00:10:26,040 AND THE DISTANCE BETWEEN MALE 223 00:10:26,040 --> 00:10:29,680 AND FEMALE IS MOST PREDICTIVE OF 224 00:10:29,680 --> 00:10:31,560 SLOW VERSUS PAST PULSE. 225 00:10:31,560 --> 00:10:35,560 MALES BIAS CLOSE TO FEMALES AN 226 00:10:35,560 --> 00:10:38,000 INCREASE THE PROBABILITY OF FAST 227 00:10:38,000 --> 00:10:40,120 PULSES MOVING FURTHER AWAY AND 228 00:10:40,120 --> 00:10:41,560 WE KNOW IT RELIES ON DIFFERENT 229 00:10:41,560 --> 00:10:45,680 ACTIVITY OF THE LEVEL OF MOTOR 230 00:10:45,680 --> 00:10:46,400 CIRCUIT. 231 00:10:46,400 --> 00:10:47,000 UNCOVERING THIS DISTINCTION 232 00:10:47,000 --> 00:10:51,800 CHANGED OUR INTERPRETATION OF 233 00:10:51,800 --> 00:10:54,960 HOW IT CONTROLS THE SONG 234 00:10:54,960 --> 00:10:56,360 AMPLITUDE WITH DANCE. 235 00:10:56,360 --> 00:10:57,880 PRIOR IT OUR BEHAVIORAL WORK WE 236 00:10:57,880 --> 00:10:59,320 DID NOT KNOW SINGING WAS A 237 00:10:59,320 --> 00:11:01,280 VISUAL BEHAVIOR. 238 00:11:01,280 --> 00:11:03,000 THIS KNOWLEDGE LED US TO THE 239 00:11:03,000 --> 00:11:04,440 VISUAL SYSTEM OF THE MALE WHERE 240 00:11:04,440 --> 00:11:07,080 WE SINCE USED GENETIC TOOLS THAT 241 00:11:07,080 --> 00:11:09,280 ALLOW US TO TARGET SPECIFIC 242 00:11:09,280 --> 00:11:12,560 VISUAL PROJECTION NEURONS FROM 243 00:11:12,560 --> 00:11:15,360 THE EYE TO THE CENTRAL BRAIN. 244 00:11:15,360 --> 00:11:16,400 WE'VE UNCOVERED A RICH 245 00:11:16,400 --> 00:11:17,480 POPULATION CODE. 246 00:11:17,480 --> 00:11:19,200 EACH CELL TYPES AT THE INTERFACE 247 00:11:19,200 --> 00:11:21,480 ENCODES MANY FEATURES OF FEMALE 248 00:11:21,480 --> 00:11:22,800 MOTION AS SHOWN HERE AND EACH 249 00:11:22,800 --> 00:11:24,560 DRIVES MANY ASPECTS OF THE MALES 250 00:11:24,560 --> 00:11:33,440 COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR. 251 00:11:33,440 --> 00:11:36,720 WHILE THE GENERALIZED MODEL 252 00:11:36,720 --> 00:11:38,200 WORKED WE DEVELOPED A NEW 253 00:11:38,200 --> 00:11:39,880 MODELLING FRAMEWORK TO DETERMINE 254 00:11:39,880 --> 00:11:42,000 WHETHER THERE WERE HIDDEN 255 00:11:42,000 --> 00:11:44,560 INTERNAL STATES IN THE MALE THAT 256 00:11:44,560 --> 00:11:46,840 SHAPED HOW HE USED SENSORY 257 00:11:46,840 --> 00:11:49,120 FEEDBACK TO PRODUCE SONG 258 00:11:49,120 --> 00:11:49,400 PATTERNS. 259 00:11:49,400 --> 00:11:51,960 USING THE GLM ALONE ON A MOMENT 260 00:11:51,960 --> 00:11:54,400 TO MOMENT BASIS WE DO BETTER 261 00:11:54,400 --> 00:11:57,240 THAN A CHANCE MODEL SHOWN HERE 262 00:11:57,240 --> 00:12:07,000 AT PREDICTING SONG OVER TIME YOU 263 00:12:07,000 --> 00:12:10,120 CAN SEE THE PROBABILITY OF SONG 264 00:12:10,120 --> 00:12:11,400 TYPE RELATIVE TO THE ACTUAL 265 00:12:11,400 --> 00:12:12,400 SONG. 266 00:12:12,400 --> 00:12:14,160 INCLUDING THREE HIDDEN STATES IN 267 00:12:14,160 --> 00:12:17,480 THE MODEL PRODUCES A MAJOR 268 00:12:17,480 --> 00:12:20,480 PERFORMANCE AND IT CAN 269 00:12:20,480 --> 00:12:21,640 ACCURATELY PREDICT ALL SONG AND 270 00:12:21,640 --> 00:12:25,520 PULSE AND EXCELLENT AT 271 00:12:25,520 --> 00:12:27,640 PREDICTING PRECISELY WHEN 272 00:12:27,640 --> 00:12:28,880 TRANSITION FROM ONE SONG TO 273 00:12:28,880 --> 00:12:29,720 ANOTHER OCCUR. 274 00:12:29,720 --> 00:12:32,280 WE NAMED THE STATES IN THE MODEL 275 00:12:32,280 --> 00:12:33,880 ACCORDING TO THE MALE'S AVERAGE 276 00:12:33,880 --> 00:12:35,440 BEHAVIOR IN EACH STATE AND TWO 277 00:12:35,440 --> 00:12:37,480 STATES OCCUR WHEN MALES ARE 278 00:12:37,480 --> 00:12:38,880 SINGING CLOSE AND CHASING. 279 00:12:38,880 --> 00:12:40,360 MALES SPEND LESS THAN A SECOND 280 00:12:40,360 --> 00:12:42,440 IN EACH STATE AND CONTINUALLY 281 00:12:42,440 --> 00:12:44,120 SWITCH BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN 282 00:12:44,120 --> 00:12:45,600 STATES THROUGHOUT COURTSHIP SUCH 283 00:12:45,600 --> 00:12:47,880 THE PROBABILITY OF BEING IN EACH 284 00:12:47,880 --> 00:12:49,280 OF THESE THREE STATES IS EVEN 285 00:12:49,280 --> 00:12:50,400 OVER TIME. 286 00:12:50,400 --> 00:12:52,840 AND SO HERE'S A STRETCH OF 287 00:12:52,840 --> 00:12:53,280 COURTSHIP SONG. 288 00:12:53,280 --> 00:12:56,800 BELOW IT IS THE PREDICTION FROM 289 00:12:56,800 --> 00:12:57,960 THE THREE STATE AND THE MODEL 290 00:12:57,960 --> 00:13:01,120 DOES A GOOD JOB AT ACCURATELY 291 00:13:01,120 --> 00:13:04,800 PREDICTING THE MALES SONG AND 292 00:13:04,800 --> 00:13:06,360 ABOVE IS THE STATE THE MODEL 293 00:13:06,360 --> 00:13:10,400 PREDICTS IT'S IN AND IT 294 00:13:10,400 --> 00:13:14,400 FLUCTUATES EVEN DURING A SONG 295 00:13:14,400 --> 00:13:14,840 BOUT. 296 00:13:14,840 --> 00:13:18,400 TO SEE WHAT'S DIFFERENT HERE THE 297 00:13:18,400 --> 00:13:21,000 MALES USES FORWARD VELOCITY AND 298 00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:22,840 DISTANCE TO THE MALE WE PLOTTED 299 00:13:22,840 --> 00:13:24,720 THE PROBABILITY OF SINGING PULSE 300 00:13:24,720 --> 00:13:37,800 VERSUS SIGN SONG. 301 00:13:37,800 --> 00:13:40,360 AS MALES MOVE FASTER OR FURTHER 302 00:13:40,360 --> 00:13:43,160 FROM FEMALES THE LIKELIHOOD THE 303 00:13:43,160 --> 00:13:45,320 SING PULSE GOES DOWN AND SWITCH 304 00:13:45,320 --> 00:13:47,320 TO SIGN SONG. 305 00:13:47,320 --> 00:13:49,200 THE SIMILAR OR IDENTICAL CUES 306 00:13:49,200 --> 00:13:50,880 MALES PRODUCE DIFFERENT 307 00:13:50,880 --> 00:13:53,680 BEHAVIORS IN THE TWO STATES. 308 00:13:53,680 --> 00:13:54,440 UNDERSTANDING THERE WERE 309 00:13:54,440 --> 00:13:56,680 INTERNAL STATES GOVERNING THE 310 00:13:56,680 --> 00:13:58,840 BEHAVIOR LED TO US UNCOVERING 311 00:13:58,840 --> 00:14:00,800 THE NEURAL MECHANISMS. 312 00:14:00,800 --> 00:14:02,280 SO IN THE CHASING STATE WE NOW 313 00:14:02,280 --> 00:14:04,920 KNOW THERE'S A DIRECT PATHWAY 314 00:14:04,920 --> 00:14:06,400 FROM THE BRAIN TO THE NERVE CORD 315 00:14:06,400 --> 00:14:08,880 OF THE FLY DRIVEN BY FEMALE 316 00:14:08,880 --> 00:14:12,040 MOTION CUES THAT TENDS TO 317 00:14:12,040 --> 00:14:13,640 GENERATE SINGLE PULSE ONLY SONG 318 00:14:13,640 --> 00:14:15,200 BOUTS BUT WHEN MALES GET CLOSER 319 00:14:15,200 --> 00:14:17,120 AND THEY'RE CONSTANTLY SWITCHING 320 00:14:17,120 --> 00:14:18,400 BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN THE 321 00:14:18,400 --> 00:14:20,120 STATES, STRONGER INPUT TO THE 322 00:14:20,120 --> 00:14:22,360 SAME PATHWAY DRIVES A PARALLEL 323 00:14:22,360 --> 00:14:24,920 ARM OF THE PATHWAY TO DISINHIBIT 324 00:14:24,920 --> 00:14:27,480 DYNAMICS AND UNLOCK THE 325 00:14:27,480 --> 00:14:30,400 POTENTIAL FOR COMPLEX SONG. 326 00:14:30,400 --> 00:14:32,640 CONTEXT DEPENDENCE AND MOTOR PAT 327 00:14:32,640 --> 00:14:34,640 EARNING IS COMMON TO VIRTUALLY 328 00:14:34,640 --> 00:14:36,760 ALL SYSTEMS AND MODELLING LED TO 329 00:14:36,760 --> 00:14:38,840 EXPERIMENTS THAT UNCOVERED A 330 00:14:38,840 --> 00:14:41,840 NEURAL CIRCUIT MECHANISM FOR 331 00:14:41,840 --> 00:14:43,480 CONTEXT DEPENDENT SONG 332 00:14:43,480 --> 00:14:43,800 SEQUENCING. 333 00:14:43,800 --> 00:14:46,440 SO WHAT I TOLD YOU SO FAR IS 334 00:14:46,440 --> 00:14:47,800 BEHAVIORAL QUANTIFICATION WITH 335 00:14:47,800 --> 00:14:49,520 COLLECTING LARGE DATA SETS AND 336 00:14:49,520 --> 00:14:52,880 LEVERAGING COMPUTATIONAL MODELS 337 00:14:52,880 --> 00:15:01,000 AND USING CIRCUIT TOOLS HAS 338 00:15:01,000 --> 00:15:13,120 ALLOWED US TO PATTERN THE 339 00:15:13,120 --> 00:15:16,880 SCULPT THE SONGS AND IT INCLUDES 340 00:15:16,880 --> 00:15:18,400 HIGH YOU PUTS EVEN IN A SIMPLE 341 00:15:18,400 --> 00:15:19,880 SYSTEM AND WE TRACKED THE POSES 342 00:15:19,880 --> 00:15:21,480 OF FLIES AS THEY INTERACT 343 00:15:21,480 --> 00:15:26,880 SOCIALLY AND YOU CAN SEE THAT 344 00:15:26,880 --> 00:15:35,080 HERE IN THE VIDEO I WANT TO 345 00:15:35,080 --> 00:15:36,320 HIGHLIGHT THE DEVELOPMENT OF 346 00:15:36,320 --> 00:15:37,160 SLEEP. 347 00:15:37,160 --> 00:15:39,680 AND A FORMER GRADUATE STUDENT IN 348 00:15:39,680 --> 00:15:46,440 MY LAB WHO IS ALSO CO-ADVISED BY 349 00:15:46,440 --> 00:15:53,000 JOSH SCHAVETS PIONEERED THIS AND 350 00:15:53,000 --> 00:15:56,160 THIS IS A HARD PROBLEM TO SOLVE 351 00:15:56,160 --> 00:15:58,280 BECAUSE ANIMALS OFTEN OVERLAP 352 00:15:58,280 --> 00:15:59,880 DURING THESE INTERACTIONS AND 353 00:15:59,880 --> 00:16:00,880 THEY'RE HARD TO DISTINGUISH 354 00:16:00,880 --> 00:16:03,400 BECAUSE THEY'RE OFTEN 355 00:16:03,400 --> 00:16:04,560 INTERACTING WITH SPECIFICS THAT 356 00:16:04,560 --> 00:16:06,600 LOOK JUST LIKE THEM SO IT MAKES 357 00:16:06,600 --> 00:16:08,840 IT HARD TO KEEP TRACK OF THEIR 358 00:16:08,840 --> 00:16:13,440 IDENTITIES WITHOUT LABELLING 359 00:16:13,440 --> 00:16:19,120 THEM WITH MARKERS. 360 00:16:19,120 --> 00:16:20,880 HE USED CUSTOM DESIGNED FAST 361 00:16:20,880 --> 00:16:24,200 MODEL ARE FAST TO TRAIN AND ONE 362 00:16:24,200 --> 00:16:26,400 FEATURE IS THE FLEXIBILITY TO 363 00:16:26,400 --> 00:16:29,840 RUN IN TOP-DOWN OR BOTTOM-UP 364 00:16:29,840 --> 00:16:30,400 MODE HERE. 365 00:16:30,400 --> 00:16:33,480 USING LESS THAN 100 FRAMES OF 366 00:16:33,480 --> 00:16:37,680 DATA SLEEP CAN DRAW A BOX AROUND 367 00:16:37,680 --> 00:16:40,360 ANIMALS AND PUT THEM TOGETHER TO 368 00:16:40,360 --> 00:16:43,080 SKELETONS OR IN BOTTOM-UP MODE 369 00:16:43,080 --> 00:16:44,440 FIRST FIND THE JOINTS OF THE 370 00:16:44,440 --> 00:16:47,240 ANIMAL AND TRACK THEM AND THEN 371 00:16:47,240 --> 00:16:48,080 TRACK SKELETONS. 372 00:16:48,080 --> 00:16:50,440 THE SPEED AND ACCURACY VARIES BY 373 00:16:50,440 --> 00:16:51,600 DATA SET. 374 00:16:51,600 --> 00:16:53,480 SO TOP-DOWN IS ALWAYS FASTER BUT 375 00:16:53,480 --> 00:16:55,680 YOU CAN SE THE ACCURACY DEPENDS 376 00:16:55,680 --> 00:16:57,880 ON WHICH DATA SET WE APPLY IT TO 377 00:16:57,880 --> 00:17:00,560 AND THIS HIGHLIGHTS THERE MAY 378 00:17:00,560 --> 00:17:02,440 NOT BE A ONE SIZE FITS ALL 379 00:17:02,440 --> 00:17:05,280 SOLUTIONS FOR THE METHODS. 380 00:17:05,280 --> 00:17:06,480 ENGINEERING AND FLEXIBILITY WILL 381 00:17:06,480 --> 00:17:07,120 BE KEY. 382 00:17:07,120 --> 00:17:08,600 SLEEP ALSO IMPLEMENTS TWO 383 00:17:08,600 --> 00:17:10,120 METHODS TO ADDRESS THE PROBLEM 384 00:17:10,120 --> 00:17:11,560 OF TRACKING INDIVIDUALS OVER 385 00:17:11,560 --> 00:17:16,640 TIME EVEN IF THEY APPEAR 386 00:17:16,640 --> 00:17:19,640 VISUALLY SIMILAR AND FAST ENOUGH 387 00:17:19,640 --> 00:17:21,880 FOR CLOSED LOOP AND HERE WE 388 00:17:21,880 --> 00:17:23,440 DETECT THE MALE AND FEMALE FLY 389 00:17:23,440 --> 00:17:25,200 WITH SLEEP AND WHEN THE MALE 390 00:17:25,200 --> 00:17:34,400 ENTERS THE ZONE WE TRIGGER OPT 391 00:17:34,400 --> 00:17:37,600 GENETIC BEHAVIOR AND THE SLEEP 392 00:17:37,600 --> 00:17:39,760 TRACKING LATENCY IS LOW SO IT 393 00:17:39,760 --> 00:17:41,080 COMES FROM THE HARDWARE AND 394 00:17:41,080 --> 00:17:47,680 BIOLOGY ITSELF. 395 00:17:47,680 --> 00:17:49,400 WE NOW HAVE ACCESS TO ADDITIONAL 396 00:17:49,400 --> 00:17:51,280 ASPECTS OF THE MALE BEHAVIOR. 397 00:17:51,280 --> 00:17:53,560 WE FOUND DYNAMICS AND THE 398 00:17:53,560 --> 00:17:56,640 PATTERN OF STEPPING DURING 399 00:17:56,640 --> 00:17:57,400 WALKING INCREASES IN VARIABILITY 400 00:17:57,400 --> 00:18:02,760 WHEN MALES WALK AND SING AT THE 401 00:18:02,760 --> 00:18:08,160 SAME TIME THIS RELATES TO 402 00:18:08,160 --> 00:18:11,400 MULTI-TASKING AND WE HAVE BEEN 403 00:18:11,400 --> 00:18:14,440 ABLE TO EXAMINE HOW MALES 404 00:18:14,440 --> 00:18:16,840 CONTINUE TO SING FROM ONE WING 405 00:18:16,840 --> 00:18:21,200 TO THE OTHER AND IT'S SEAMLESS 406 00:18:21,200 --> 00:18:26,480 AN DON'T MISS A BEAT AND CAN 407 00:18:26,480 --> 00:18:27,920 DIRECT BEHAVIORS WITHOUT 408 00:18:27,920 --> 00:18:31,640 DISRUPTING PATTERNING AND WHAT 409 00:18:31,640 --> 00:18:33,560 I'D LIKE TO END WITH IN THE LAST 410 00:18:33,560 --> 00:18:34,720 MINUTE OF MY TALK ARE WHAT I 411 00:18:34,720 --> 00:18:35,800 THINK ARE CHALLENGES AND 412 00:18:35,800 --> 00:18:37,200 OPPORTUNITIES AHEAD. 413 00:18:37,200 --> 00:18:43,120 IN TERMS OF METHODS, I WOULD 414 00:18:43,120 --> 00:18:45,880 VERY MUCH LIKE TO SEE METHODS TO 415 00:18:45,880 --> 00:18:46,840 BRIDGE ACROSS TEMPORAL AND 416 00:18:46,840 --> 00:18:48,280 SPATIAL SCALES. 417 00:18:48,280 --> 00:18:51,120 THERE'S WORK TO BE DONE IN 418 00:18:51,120 --> 00:18:52,720 CAPTURING THREE-DIMENSIONAL 419 00:18:52,720 --> 00:18:54,360 BEHAVIORS IN LARGE ENVIRONMENTS 420 00:18:54,360 --> 00:18:56,680 AND I TOLD YOU ABOUT CONSTRAINED 421 00:18:56,680 --> 00:18:58,440 ENVIRONMENTS AND 2-D TRACKING. 422 00:18:58,440 --> 00:19:01,320 I'D ALSO LIKE TO SEE NEW METHODS 423 00:19:01,320 --> 00:19:02,920 FOR AMERICA DIFFERENT MODALITIES 424 00:19:02,920 --> 00:19:04,040 OF BEHAVIOR. 425 00:19:04,040 --> 00:19:06,080 I TALKED ABOUT VIDEO AND AUDIO 426 00:19:06,080 --> 00:19:10,880 AND THERE'S OLFACTORY WE SHOULD 427 00:19:10,880 --> 00:19:11,160 INCORPORATE. 428 00:19:11,160 --> 00:19:16,040 COPING WITH BEHAVIORAL VARIATION 429 00:19:16,040 --> 00:19:18,960 STILL A CHALLENGE. 430 00:19:18,960 --> 00:19:20,400 THERE'S A DESIRE TO LUMP THESE 431 00:19:20,400 --> 00:19:24,080 IN CATEGORIES AND WALKING AND 432 00:19:24,080 --> 00:19:26,200 GROOMING CAN BE USEFUL BUT I 433 00:19:26,200 --> 00:19:29,480 HOPE I ILLUSTRATED HOW CAPTURING 434 00:19:29,480 --> 00:19:31,160 VASION IS ALSO QUITE USEFUL. 435 00:19:31,160 --> 00:19:34,280 WE NEED WORK ON COMPUTATIONAL 436 00:19:34,280 --> 00:19:37,560 MODEL AND THEORIES LINKING LARGE 437 00:19:37,560 --> 00:19:40,280 SCALE NEURAL ACTIVITY AND 438 00:19:40,280 --> 00:19:40,520 BEHAVIOR. 439 00:19:40,520 --> 00:19:42,440 YOU KNOW MY LAB HAS BEEN 440 00:19:42,440 --> 00:19:45,280 DEVELOPING METHODS FOR BRAIN 441 00:19:45,280 --> 00:19:47,400 WIDE FUNCTIONING IMAGING AND A 442 00:19:47,400 --> 00:19:49,080 WHOLE BRAIN CONNECTOME FOR THE 443 00:19:49,080 --> 00:19:53,600 FLY. 444 00:19:53,600 --> 00:20:01,040 WE STILL RACK -- LACK METHODS 445 00:20:01,040 --> 00:20:03,440 AND NEURAL DATA LIKELY COMES 446 00:20:03,440 --> 00:20:05,960 FROM SMALLER NUMBERS OF ANIMALS 447 00:20:05,960 --> 00:20:07,560 AND WIRING DIAGRAMS COME FROM 448 00:20:07,560 --> 00:20:09,800 SMALLER NUMBERS STILL, USUALLY 449 00:20:09,800 --> 00:20:13,080 ONE ANIMAL SO HOW DO WE BRIDGE 450 00:20:13,080 --> 00:20:15,680 ACROSS THE DISPARATE DATA SETS? 451 00:20:15,680 --> 00:20:17,320 FINALLY, OUR WORK HAS BENEFIT 452 00:20:17,320 --> 00:20:19,080 FROM THE LARGE NUMBER OF LABS 453 00:20:19,080 --> 00:20:20,760 MANY PARTICIPATING IN THE 454 00:20:20,760 --> 00:20:22,360 WORKSHOP WORKING IN THE SPACE OF 455 00:20:22,360 --> 00:20:23,880 BEHAVIORAL QUANTIFICATION. 456 00:20:23,880 --> 00:20:28,360 I THINK THERE'S AN OPPORTUNITY 457 00:20:28,360 --> 00:20:31,680 TO FORM MEANINGFUL 458 00:20:31,680 --> 00:20:32,320 COLLABORATIONS BETWEEN GROUPS 459 00:20:32,320 --> 00:20:36,240 BUT MAY ACROSS DIFFERENT 460 00:20:36,240 --> 00:20:37,200 SYSTEMS, FOR EXAMPLE, PAIRING 461 00:20:37,200 --> 00:20:39,280 PEOPLE LIKE ME WHO WORK 462 00:20:39,280 --> 00:20:40,320 PRIMARILY ON FLIES BUT CLEARLY 463 00:20:40,320 --> 00:20:42,400 BUILDING TOOLS THAT COULD BE 464 00:20:42,400 --> 00:20:44,680 APPLIED TO MORE COMPLEX SYSTEMS 465 00:20:44,680 --> 00:20:46,280 WITH FOLKS WORK IN HUMANS AND 466 00:20:46,280 --> 00:20:47,800 WOULD LIKE TO SEE THIS HAPPEN 467 00:20:47,800 --> 00:20:48,960 THROUGH THE BRAIN INITIATIVE. 468 00:20:48,960 --> 00:20:54,160 WITH THAT I'D LIKE TO 469 00:20:54,160 --> 00:20:56,800 ACKNOWLEDGE MY LAB THEY'RE A 470 00:20:56,800 --> 00:20:59,480 WONDERFUL GROUP OF PEOPLE AND A 471 00:20:59,480 --> 00:21:00,320 THANKS TO THE BRAIN INITIATIVE 472 00:21:00,320 --> 00:21:01,880 AND OUR COLLABORATIONS. 473 00:21:01,880 --> 00:21:02,760 I TALKED ABOUT SOME OF THE 474 00:21:02,760 --> 00:21:06,400 RESULTS FROM THE COLLABORATIONS 475 00:21:06,400 --> 00:21:06,600 TODAY. 476 00:21:06,600 --> 00:21:12,520 THANK YOU. 477 00:21:12,520 --> 00:21:14,360 >> THANK YOU, MALA. 478 00:21:14,360 --> 00:21:21,080 WE HAVE A FEW MINUTES FOR 479 00:21:21,080 --> 00:21:21,320 QUESTIONS. 480 00:21:21,320 --> 00:21:23,760 FEEL FREE TO USE THE CHAT OR 481 00:21:23,760 --> 00:21:25,640 RAISE YOUR HAND AND ATTENDEES 482 00:21:25,640 --> 00:21:27,360 USE Q&A IN ZOOM FOR QUESTIONS 483 00:21:27,360 --> 00:21:35,280 BUT STARTING WITH MALCOLM, GO 484 00:21:35,280 --> 00:21:38,480 AHEAD. 485 00:21:38,480 --> 00:21:44,320 >> I'M CURIOUS WHAT HAVE YOU 486 00:21:44,320 --> 00:21:48,000 BEEN ABLE TO GLEAN WHAT THE 487 00:21:48,000 --> 00:21:51,080 FACTORS ARE THAT MAKE SUCCESS 488 00:21:51,080 --> 00:21:52,680 IMPORTANT PERFORMANCE IS THE 489 00:21:52,680 --> 00:21:55,800 PULSING OR SIGN OUTPUT WHICH 490 00:21:55,800 --> 00:21:59,880 MAKES FEMALES MORE RECEPTIVE. 491 00:21:59,880 --> 00:22:01,120 WHAT ARE THEY JUDGING? 492 00:22:01,120 --> 00:22:02,040 CAN YOU TELL? 493 00:22:02,040 --> 00:22:03,480 >> THANKS FOR THE QUESTION. 494 00:22:03,480 --> 00:22:05,480 HALF MY LAB WORKS ON THE MALE 495 00:22:05,480 --> 00:22:09,480 SIDE OF SONG PAT EARNING -- 496 00:22:09,480 --> 00:22:11,040 PATTERNING AND THE OTHER HALF 497 00:22:11,040 --> 00:22:12,960 WORKS ON THE FEMALE SIDE OF 498 00:22:12,960 --> 00:22:13,280 PERCEPTION. 499 00:22:13,280 --> 00:22:16,520 FEMALES ARE HIGHLY ATTUNED TO 500 00:22:16,520 --> 00:22:16,960 SONG INFORMATION. 501 00:22:16,960 --> 00:22:19,400 THEY INTEGRATE SONG OVER TIME 502 00:22:19,400 --> 00:22:22,400 AND CARE BOTH MODES AND THE 503 00:22:22,400 --> 00:22:25,080 FUTURE SONG THEY PREFER ARE THE 504 00:22:25,080 --> 00:22:26,760 LENGTH OF THE BOUTS. 505 00:22:26,760 --> 00:22:28,760 THE COMPLEX SONG BOUTS THAT HAVE 506 00:22:28,760 --> 00:22:29,920 MIXES BETWEEN PULSE AND SIGN 507 00:22:29,920 --> 00:22:33,440 SLOW THEM DOWN THE MOST AND ARE 508 00:22:33,440 --> 00:22:38,240 MOST PREDICTIVE OF MATING 509 00:22:38,240 --> 00:22:38,480 SUCCESS. 510 00:22:38,480 --> 00:22:40,400 WE THINK OF SONG AS A LANGUAGE 511 00:22:40,400 --> 00:22:41,720 FEMALES HAVE TO DECODE. 512 00:22:41,720 --> 00:22:43,480 WHAT THEY'RE TRYING TO DO IS 513 00:22:43,480 --> 00:22:46,440 ESTIMATE WHETHER MALES ARE DOING 514 00:22:46,440 --> 00:22:50,040 A DOING A GOOD JOB OF MATCHING 515 00:22:50,040 --> 00:22:53,120 THEIR MOTOR SPEED AND IF A MALE 516 00:22:53,120 --> 00:22:55,160 IS GOOD AT CHASING HER AND WILL 517 00:22:55,160 --> 00:22:57,240 PRODUCE A SONG GOOD MATCH TO HER 518 00:22:57,240 --> 00:22:59,360 MOVEMENTS AND SHE CAN HEAR THE 519 00:22:59,360 --> 00:23:00,920 SONG AND CAN DECODE THAT SONG TO 520 00:23:00,920 --> 00:23:01,800 UNDERSTAND THAT MATCH. 521 00:23:01,800 --> 00:23:06,400 THAT'S OUR CURRENT THINKING 522 00:23:06,400 --> 00:23:07,920 ABOUT WHAT'S HAPPENING IN THE 523 00:23:07,920 --> 00:23:10,040 FEMALE BRAIN AND A DIDN'T GET TO 524 00:23:10,040 --> 00:23:11,880 TALK ABOUT THE AUDITORY PATHWAY 525 00:23:11,880 --> 00:23:12,880 AND NEURAL CIRCUITS. 526 00:23:12,880 --> 00:23:15,680 >> OH, WOW. 527 00:23:15,680 --> 00:23:18,000 >> ONE BIGGER POINT RELATED TO 528 00:23:18,000 --> 00:23:19,960 BEHAVIOR IT'S USEFUL TO HAVE TE 529 00:23:19,960 --> 00:23:21,400 DUAL PERSPECTIVE AND WE CAN DO 530 00:23:21,400 --> 00:23:22,680 THESE IT EXPERIMENT INS FLIES 531 00:23:22,680 --> 00:23:25,080 WITH RELATIVE EASE BUT FROM THE 532 00:23:25,080 --> 00:23:30,360 MALE'S PERSPECTIVE, HE MAY BE -- 533 00:23:30,360 --> 00:23:35,000 HE WANTS THE FEMALE TO BE 534 00:23:35,000 --> 00:23:39,080 RECEPTIVE BUT IT'S PROBABLY MORE 535 00:23:39,080 --> 00:23:39,920 COSTLY TO THING PULSE SIGN SINCE 536 00:23:39,920 --> 00:23:50,280 IT'S LOUDER. 537 00:23:50,280 --> 00:23:55,000 WHAT THE MALE IS OPTIMIZING FOR 538 00:23:55,000 --> 00:23:57,520 NOT ALWAYS CLEAR. 539 00:23:57,520 --> 00:23:59,400 PART MAY BE FOR THE PARTNER BUT 540 00:23:59,400 --> 00:24:02,960 ALSO WITHIN THE CONSTRAINTS OF 541 00:24:02,960 --> 00:24:06,400 YOUR BRAIN AND ORDER. 542 00:24:06,400 --> 00:24:12,120 >> IF YOU DISORDER FOOT FALLS 543 00:24:12,120 --> 00:24:17,600 YOU DISORDER IT FROM THE FEMALE. 544 00:24:17,600 --> 00:24:19,440 IT GETS DE SYNCHRONIZED FROM THE 545 00:24:19,440 --> 00:24:19,680 FEMALES. 546 00:24:19,680 --> 00:24:21,400 >> THAT SUPER INTERESTING. 547 00:24:21,400 --> 00:24:21,640 THANKS. 548 00:24:21,640 --> 00:24:25,320 >> DO WE HAVE OTHER QUESTIONS OR 549 00:24:25,320 --> 00:24:34,640 COMMENTS? 550 00:24:34,640 --> 00:24:35,880 >> I DON'T FLOW IF I CAN WALK 551 00:24:35,880 --> 00:24:38,680 AND TALK AT THE SAME TIME. 552 00:24:38,680 --> 00:24:41,080 LET'S MOVE ON TO NANTHIA'S TALK. 553 00:24:41,080 --> 00:24:45,040 THANK YOU FOR THE WONDERFUL 554 00:24:45,040 --> 00:24:45,240 TALK. 555 00:24:45,240 --> 00:24:51,600 IF DAMAN WILL PUT UP NANTHIA'S 556 00:24:51,600 --> 00:24:53,160 FIRST SLIDE. 557 00:24:53,160 --> 00:24:55,160 I'LL INTRODUCE HER. 558 00:24:55,160 --> 00:24:58,520 TAKE IT AWAY. 559 00:24:58,520 --> 00:25:05,240 >> THANKS. 560 00:25:05,240 --> 00:25:05,480 THANK YOU. 561 00:25:05,480 --> 00:25:07,280 THIS HAS BEEN FASCINATING. 562 00:25:07,280 --> 00:25:10,240 I ENJOYED THE TALKS YESTERDAY 563 00:25:10,240 --> 00:25:11,480 AND SHIFTING TO HUMANS I'M 564 00:25:11,480 --> 00:25:12,880 EXCITED ABOUT THE COLLABORATION 565 00:25:12,880 --> 00:25:14,760 AND DOING SOME INTERESTING 566 00:25:14,760 --> 00:25:15,320 STUDIES. 567 00:25:15,320 --> 00:25:16,920 HOPEFULLY THIS WORKSHOP CAN HELP 568 00:25:16,920 --> 00:25:20,720 FACILITATE SOME OF THOSE. 569 00:25:20,720 --> 00:25:35,200 CAN YOU SEE THE SLIDES? 570 00:25:35,200 --> 00:25:37,840 MY LABS STUDY FACIAL NAVIGATION 571 00:25:37,840 --> 00:25:40,960 AND THESE BEHAVIORS ARE REAL 572 00:25:40,960 --> 00:25:44,840 WORLD AND THIS HAPPENS IN THE 573 00:25:44,840 --> 00:25:46,080 ENVIRONMENTS WHERE THEY'RE 574 00:25:46,080 --> 00:25:47,360 COMPLEX AND IN THE LABORATORY 575 00:25:47,360 --> 00:25:56,880 WHERE WE STUDY IS FAR FROM THAT. 576 00:25:56,880 --> 00:25:58,440 MY HOPE IN THE FUTURE IS WE GET 577 00:25:58,440 --> 00:26:00,560 TO DIFFERENT PARADIGM. 578 00:26:00,560 --> 00:26:03,120 WE STUDY AREAS CRITICAL FOR 579 00:26:03,120 --> 00:26:06,280 NAVIGATION AND FORMING MEMORIES 580 00:26:06,280 --> 00:26:10,440 IN THE MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE AND 581 00:26:10,440 --> 00:26:13,400 THE CORTEX THAT ARE AFFECTED IN 582 00:26:13,400 --> 00:26:15,360 DISEASES SUCH AS ALZHEIMER'S 583 00:26:15,360 --> 00:26:18,800 DISEASE AND OTHERS WITH SEVERE 584 00:26:18,800 --> 00:26:21,440 EPISODIC MEMORY IMPAIRMENTS. 585 00:26:21,440 --> 00:26:24,440 THE IMAGING OF THE MEDIAL 586 00:26:24,440 --> 00:26:26,600 TEMPORAL LOBE CAN ONLY BE DONE 587 00:26:26,600 --> 00:26:33,280 IN STATIONARY SUBJECTS BECAUSE 588 00:26:33,280 --> 00:26:38,480 OF THE MOTION ARTIFACTS HARMFUL 589 00:26:38,480 --> 00:26:50,440 TO THE IMAGE AND THE TECHNIQUES 590 00:26:50,440 --> 00:26:52,400 SUFFER FROM MOTION ARTIFACTS 591 00:26:52,400 --> 00:26:54,440 BECAUSE OF THE WIRES FROM LARGE 592 00:26:54,440 --> 00:26:56,320 RECORDING EQUIPMENT NEARBY. 593 00:26:56,320 --> 00:26:57,640 THE INDIVIDUALS IN THE HOSPITAL 594 00:26:57,640 --> 00:26:59,600 BEING MONITORED FOR EPILEPSY 595 00:26:59,600 --> 00:27:01,160 HAVE TO ALSO BE STATIONARY. 596 00:27:01,160 --> 00:27:06,440 OTHER TECHNIQUES THAT ALLOW FOR 597 00:27:06,440 --> 00:27:08,840 MOBILITY, AND OTHER COMING OUT 598 00:27:08,840 --> 00:27:09,600 ARE PRESENTING EXCITING 599 00:27:09,600 --> 00:27:11,680 OPPORTUNITIES TO RECORD FROM 600 00:27:11,680 --> 00:27:13,160 DEEPER STRUCTURES WITH MORE 601 00:27:13,160 --> 00:27:14,440 ADVANCED ANALYTICAL TOOLS BUT WE 602 00:27:14,440 --> 00:27:17,640 STILL STRUGGLE IN THE TECHNIQUES 603 00:27:17,640 --> 00:27:19,240 TO RECORD CLEAN SIGNALS 604 00:27:19,240 --> 00:27:21,440 ESPECIALLY FROM DEEP BRAIN 605 00:27:21,440 --> 00:27:22,400 AREAS. 606 00:27:22,400 --> 00:27:25,120 BECAUSE OF THE HISTORY IN HUMAN 607 00:27:25,120 --> 00:27:28,320 NEURAL IMAGING THE TASK OFTEN 608 00:27:28,320 --> 00:27:31,120 SCREENED BASED OR VIEW BASED 609 00:27:31,120 --> 00:27:34,400 TASK WHERE THE STIMULI ARE 610 00:27:34,400 --> 00:27:37,480 PRESENTED AND NOT ECOLOGICALLY 611 00:27:37,480 --> 00:27:38,640 VALID DUE TO REAL WORLD AND A 612 00:27:38,640 --> 00:27:47,160 HALF GAIING -- NAVIGATION. 613 00:27:47,160 --> 00:27:50,880 THERE WAS A FDA APPROVED IMAGE 614 00:27:50,880 --> 00:27:52,920 AND THESE PATIENTS ARE 615 00:27:52,920 --> 00:27:55,280 PERMANENTLY IMPLANTED WITH 616 00:27:55,280 --> 00:27:56,360 ELECTRODES SO YOU WOULD BE THE 617 00:27:56,360 --> 00:28:00,080 KNOW BY LOOKING AT THEM THEY CAN 618 00:28:00,080 --> 00:28:04,320 RECORD INTRACRANIAL EG IN ONE 619 00:28:04,320 --> 00:28:05,480 HIPPOCAMPUS AND YOU SEE ONE 620 00:28:05,480 --> 00:28:07,880 CONTACT AND FOUR ELECTRODES. 621 00:28:07,880 --> 00:28:13,160 HERE'S A PATIENT WHO VOLUNTEERED 622 00:28:13,160 --> 00:28:16,760 FOR THE STUDIES. 623 00:28:16,760 --> 00:28:19,120 BECAUSE IT'S FULLY IMPLANTED 624 00:28:19,120 --> 00:28:22,400 WITH ON BODY TRACKING MOTION 625 00:28:22,400 --> 00:28:29,480 DEVICES WE CAN ASK THEM TO DO VR 626 00:28:29,480 --> 00:28:31,560 TASKS AND TRY TO TIE IT TOGETHER 627 00:28:31,560 --> 00:28:35,000 THE NEURAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING 628 00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:37,200 MOVEMENT AND ALSO COGNITIVE 629 00:28:37,200 --> 00:28:37,760 TASKS IN CONTROLLED VIRTUAL 630 00:28:37,760 --> 00:28:48,680 ENVIRONMENTS. 631 00:28:48,680 --> 00:28:51,560 WE HAVE WEARABLE SENSORS AND 632 00:28:51,560 --> 00:28:57,480 TRACKI ININ INING DEVICES AND GAZE 633 00:28:57,480 --> 00:29:00,080 SYSTEMS AND MOTION CAPTURES THAT 634 00:29:00,080 --> 00:29:02,680 CAN LOOK AT FULL BODY POSITION 635 00:29:02,680 --> 00:29:06,440 WITH ACCURACY, SPEED, HEAD 636 00:29:06,440 --> 00:29:07,160 ORIENTATION, ETCETERA. 637 00:29:07,160 --> 00:29:13,160 WE CAN ALSO LOOK AT 638 00:29:13,160 --> 00:29:17,920 PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS AND 639 00:29:17,920 --> 00:29:19,000 BLOOD PRESSURE AND ALL THE 640 00:29:19,000 --> 00:29:21,080 THINGS WE HAVE THE ABILITY BUT 641 00:29:21,080 --> 00:29:22,840 NOT NEEDED IN EACH STUDY SO IN 642 00:29:22,840 --> 00:29:25,080 SOME CASE WE MAY JUST LOOK AT 643 00:29:25,080 --> 00:29:27,600 POSITION, HEAD DIRECTION AND EYE 644 00:29:27,600 --> 00:29:28,760 MOVEMENTS, FOR INSTANCE. 645 00:29:28,760 --> 00:29:29,760 DEPENDING ON WHAT YOUR SPECIFIC 646 00:29:29,760 --> 00:29:33,200 QUESTION IS, THIS CAPABILITY IS 647 00:29:33,200 --> 00:29:34,320 THERE. 648 00:29:34,320 --> 00:29:38,040 THE CHALLENGE HERE OF COURSE WAS 649 00:29:38,040 --> 00:29:46,080 SYNC ROW -- SYNCHRONIZING THIS 650 00:29:46,080 --> 00:29:48,520 WITH THE CLUNKY LOOKING BACKPACK 651 00:29:48,520 --> 00:29:50,400 WITH A METAL FRAME TO HOLD UP 652 00:29:50,400 --> 00:29:55,120 THE DEVICE THAT ENABLES REAL 653 00:29:55,120 --> 00:29:58,080 TIME WIRELESS CONNECTION WITH 654 00:29:58,080 --> 00:29:58,760 THE SYSTEM. 655 00:29:58,760 --> 00:30:01,880 NEW ONES ARE COMING OUT EVERY 656 00:30:01,880 --> 00:30:02,080 YEAR. 657 00:30:02,080 --> 00:30:04,280 THESE CAN BE UPGRADED AND 658 00:30:04,280 --> 00:30:06,200 INTEGRATED TO LOOK AT COMPLEX 659 00:30:06,200 --> 00:30:07,240 BEHAVIORS WHILE RECORDING DEEP 660 00:30:07,240 --> 00:30:13,080 BRAIN ACTIVITY. 661 00:30:13,080 --> 00:30:15,800 HERE'S AN EXAMPLE OF ONE PATIENT 662 00:30:15,800 --> 00:30:17,360 BEING RECORDED AND WHILE THE 663 00:30:17,360 --> 00:30:19,480 POSITION IS BEING TRACKED IN THE 664 00:30:19,480 --> 00:30:22,080 ROOM SHOWN HERE AS WELL AS THEIR 665 00:30:22,080 --> 00:30:22,840 EYE POSITION OR GAZE POSITION 666 00:30:22,840 --> 00:30:24,440 AND PUPIL CHANGES. 667 00:30:24,440 --> 00:30:26,280 THEY'RE DOING A TASK WALKING 668 00:30:26,280 --> 00:30:27,880 AROUND LOOKING FOR CUES THEY 669 00:30:27,880 --> 00:30:30,120 HAVE TO WALK TO ON THE OUTER 670 00:30:30,120 --> 00:30:32,160 BOUNDARIES OF THE WALL BUT OF 671 00:30:32,160 --> 00:30:38,160 COURSE WITH VR AND AR YOU CAN 672 00:30:38,160 --> 00:30:42,000 START TO STIMULATE STIMULI IN 673 00:30:42,000 --> 00:30:42,400 THE ENVIRONMENT. 674 00:30:42,400 --> 00:30:43,880 ONE OF THE EARLIER STUDIES WE 675 00:30:43,880 --> 00:30:47,280 DID WAS TO TRACK POSITION DURING 676 00:30:47,280 --> 00:30:54,080 SLOW AND FAST MOVEMENT FEATS AND 677 00:30:54,080 --> 00:30:59,280 RECORD MEDIAL TEMPORAL ACTIVITY 678 00:30:59,280 --> 00:31:05,160 AND RATHER THAN CONTINUE 679 00:31:05,160 --> 00:31:07,160 OSCILLATIONS AS IN A 680 00:31:07,160 --> 00:31:10,160 FREE-ROAMING RODENT WE SAW THESE 681 00:31:10,160 --> 00:31:12,560 OSCILLATIONS CAME AND GO IN 682 00:31:12,560 --> 00:31:15,280 BOUTS AND THE BOUTS WERE MORE 683 00:31:15,280 --> 00:31:16,800 PREVALENT DURING FAST COMPARED 684 00:31:16,800 --> 00:31:18,360 TO SLOW MOVEMENT SPEEDS. 685 00:31:18,360 --> 00:31:25,080 WE ALSO DID A STUDY WHERE WE HAD 686 00:31:25,080 --> 00:31:26,360 SPATIAL MEMORY TASK AND 687 00:31:26,360 --> 00:31:27,760 ALTERNATE BETWEEN WALKING TO 688 00:31:27,760 --> 00:31:30,360 QUEUES ON THE WALL AND FOUND 689 00:31:30,360 --> 00:31:33,680 THIS SIMILAR LOW-FREQUENCY 690 00:31:33,680 --> 00:31:35,400 INCREASED WHEN THE INDIVIDUAL 691 00:31:35,400 --> 00:31:37,160 WAS CLOSER TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL 692 00:31:37,160 --> 00:31:37,760 WALLS. 693 00:31:37,760 --> 00:31:38,760 INDEPENDENT WHETHER THEY WERE 694 00:31:38,760 --> 00:31:40,080 MOVING OR NOT, WHAT DIRECTION 695 00:31:40,080 --> 00:31:42,640 THEY WERE LOOKING IN OR OTHER 696 00:31:42,640 --> 00:31:44,600 VARIABLES THAT WE TESTED. 697 00:31:44,600 --> 00:31:48,560 WE ALSO LOOKED AT WHETHER THIS 698 00:31:48,560 --> 00:31:50,280 ACTIVITY WAS PRESENT WHEN THE 699 00:31:50,280 --> 00:31:51,680 PERSON WAS OBSERVING ANOTHER 700 00:31:51,680 --> 00:31:53,000 PERSON WALKING AROUND AND WE 701 00:31:53,000 --> 00:31:54,960 FOUND THAT SIMILARLY WHEN AN 702 00:31:54,960 --> 00:31:58,240 INDIVIDUAL WAS NOT MOVING AND 703 00:31:58,240 --> 00:32:01,640 JUST OBSERVING SOMEONE ELSE, 704 00:32:01,640 --> 00:32:03,280 THEIR LOW FREQUENCY MEDIAL 705 00:32:03,280 --> 00:32:04,760 TEMPORAL LOBE WAS ELEVATED WHEN 706 00:32:04,760 --> 00:32:06,360 ANOTHER PERSON WAS WALKING OR 707 00:32:06,360 --> 00:32:11,600 NEAR THE ENVIRONMENTAL WALLS. 708 00:32:11,600 --> 00:32:12,560 SUGGESTING IN THE SYSTEM THERE'S 709 00:32:12,560 --> 00:32:16,720 SPATIAL ENCODING MECHANISM NOT 710 00:32:16,720 --> 00:32:19,840 JUST FOR ONE'S SELF BUT OTHER 711 00:32:19,840 --> 00:32:24,080 PEOPLE'S LOCATIONS AND THIS IS A 712 00:32:24,080 --> 00:32:25,880 VIDEO AS THE PARTICIPANT GETS 713 00:32:25,880 --> 00:32:27,120 CLOSER TO THE WALL YOU HERE'S 714 00:32:27,120 --> 00:32:29,640 THE RAW ACTIVITY AND THE 715 00:32:29,640 --> 00:32:32,320 POSITION AND LOCATION IN THE 716 00:32:32,320 --> 00:32:33,640 ROOM AND THEY'RE WATCHING 717 00:32:33,640 --> 00:32:35,040 SOMEONE ELSE WALK AROUND AND 718 00:32:35,040 --> 00:32:37,400 THEY'RE ASKED TO PRESS A BUTTON 719 00:32:37,400 --> 00:32:40,200 ON THE KEY BOARD WHEN THE 720 00:32:40,200 --> 00:32:40,800 EXPERIMENTER ACROSS AS A 721 00:32:40,800 --> 00:32:42,320 LOCATION THEY PREVIOUSLY LEARNED 722 00:32:42,320 --> 00:32:44,040 IN THIS CONDITION. 723 00:32:44,040 --> 00:32:47,160 AS THE EXPERIMENTER WALKS CLOSER 724 00:32:47,160 --> 00:32:49,000 TO THE WALL YOU SEE ONE EXAMPLE 725 00:32:49,000 --> 00:32:50,000 TRIAL BUT CONSISTENTLY ACROSS 726 00:32:50,000 --> 00:32:51,240 TRIALS AND ACROSS SUBJECTS WE 727 00:32:51,240 --> 00:33:00,800 SAW THESE EFFECTS. 728 00:33:00,800 --> 00:33:03,680 NEXT WE SAW THE DATA ACTIVITY IN 729 00:33:03,680 --> 00:33:05,880 THE TEMPORAL LOBE WAS ALSO 730 00:33:05,880 --> 00:33:07,760 MODULATE EYE MOVEMENT AND THE 731 00:33:07,760 --> 00:33:09,760 PARTICIPANT WAS WEARING AN 732 00:33:09,760 --> 00:33:11,920 EYE-TRACKING DEVICE AND WE SAW 733 00:33:11,920 --> 00:33:14,840 ELEVATED BETA POWER AND THIS 734 00:33:14,840 --> 00:33:16,760 EFFECT WAS ONLY PRESENT WHEN 735 00:33:16,760 --> 00:33:19,680 THEY WERE ACTIVELY SEARCHING FOR 736 00:33:19,680 --> 00:33:23,240 HIDDEN TARGET LOCATIONS WITH THE 737 00:33:23,240 --> 00:33:25,080 SPATIAL MEMORY TASK RATHER THAN 738 00:33:25,080 --> 00:33:28,760 THE CONDITION WHEN THEY WERE 739 00:33:28,760 --> 00:33:33,080 WALKING TO THESE WALL CUES. 740 00:33:33,080 --> 00:33:35,880 THIS OCCURRED DURING 741 00:33:35,880 --> 00:33:38,480 SELF-NAVIGATION AND OBSERVATION 742 00:33:38,480 --> 00:33:44,200 SUGGESTING THE SACCADE-RELATED 743 00:33:44,200 --> 00:33:58,480 DATA THIS IS MODULATED BY AND 744 00:33:58,480 --> 00:34:13,880 LOOKING AT THE TARGET SEARCH. 745 00:34:13,880 --> 00:34:16,680 WHILE PARTICIPANTS ARE NAVIGATE 746 00:34:16,680 --> 00:34:18,200 ROOM AND VIRTUAL OBJECTS ARE 747 00:34:18,200 --> 00:34:20,280 PRESENTED THEY HAVE TO LEARN THE 748 00:34:20,280 --> 00:34:23,040 OBJECTS, LOCATIONS AND LATER 749 00:34:23,040 --> 00:34:25,680 RETRE 750 00:34:25,680 --> 00:34:26,400 RETRE 751 00:34:26,400 --> 00:34:32,800 RETREAT -- RETRIEVE THEM FROM 752 00:34:32,800 --> 00:34:33,080 MEMORY. 753 00:34:33,080 --> 00:34:37,560 THE NEWER HEADSETS ARE NICE IN 754 00:34:37,560 --> 00:34:38,440 RECORDING EYE MOVEMENT AND GAZE 755 00:34:38,440 --> 00:34:39,960 POSITION AND PEOPLE CHANGES. 756 00:34:39,960 --> 00:34:42,920 LOOKING AT BEHAVIOR OVER THE 757 00:34:42,920 --> 00:34:45,080 COURSE OF THE PARTICIPANTS DOING 758 00:34:45,080 --> 00:34:48,880 THE STUDIES WE CAN MEASURE, FOR 759 00:34:48,880 --> 00:34:49,800 INSTANCE, THEIR ERROR OR 760 00:34:49,800 --> 00:34:50,920 DISTANCE TO THE TARGET LOCATION 761 00:34:50,920 --> 00:34:53,600 OVER TIME WHICH SEEMS TO ON 762 00:34:53,600 --> 00:34:54,720 AVERAGE IMPROVE OVER REPEATED 763 00:34:54,720 --> 00:34:56,720 BLOCKS AND LOOKING ACROSS THE 764 00:34:56,720 --> 00:34:58,480 WHOLE TASK YOU CAN SEE NICE 765 00:34:58,480 --> 00:35:01,000 SAMPLING OF POSITIONS ACROSS THE 766 00:35:01,000 --> 00:35:01,880 ROOM AS WELL AS THESE TARGET 767 00:35:01,880 --> 00:35:06,160 HAIL SCRO -- HALO POSITIONS 768 00:35:06,160 --> 00:35:08,800 THEY HAVE TO LEARN. 769 00:35:08,800 --> 00:35:11,960 WE FOUND ACTIVITY IN THE MEDIAL 770 00:35:11,960 --> 00:35:13,280 TEMPORAL LOBE INCREASES PRIOR TO 771 00:35:13,280 --> 00:35:15,720 THE RETRIEVAL OF THE TARGET 772 00:35:15,720 --> 00:35:17,800 LOCATIONS AND THAT THIS AFFECT 773 00:35:17,800 --> 00:35:20,280 ONLY OCCURS WHEN THEY CORRECTLY 774 00:35:20,280 --> 00:35:21,880 REMEMBER THESE TARGET LOCATIONS 775 00:35:21,880 --> 00:35:25,160 SO IF YOU PUT ESSENTIALLY AA 776 00:35:25,160 --> 00:35:26,680 THRESHOLD AROUND THE HALO 777 00:35:26,680 --> 00:35:28,120 CORRECT POSITION WHEN THEY GET 778 00:35:28,120 --> 00:35:29,000 CLOSE TO THE CORRECT POSITION 779 00:35:29,000 --> 00:35:32,520 YOU SEE THE ACTIVITY'S 780 00:35:32,520 --> 00:35:33,240 INCREASING. 781 00:35:33,240 --> 00:35:37,240 THIS NOT THE CASE FOR INCORRECT 782 00:35:37,240 --> 00:35:38,240 RETRIEVAL POINTS. 783 00:35:38,240 --> 00:35:40,280 NOTHING -- NO VISUAL TARGETS ARE 784 00:35:40,280 --> 00:35:42,440 SEEN DURING THIS RETRIEVAL 785 00:35:42,440 --> 00:35:42,920 CONDITION. 786 00:35:42,920 --> 00:35:45,680 THE TWO CONDITIONS ARE LITERALLY 787 00:35:45,680 --> 00:35:46,880 THE PARTICIPANT PRESSING A 788 00:35:46,880 --> 00:35:48,680 BUTTON EVERY TIME THEY ARRIVE AT 789 00:35:48,680 --> 00:35:49,800 A REMEMBER TARGET LOCATION AND 790 00:35:49,800 --> 00:35:52,640 JUST FOR CONTROL, WE DON'T SEE 791 00:35:52,640 --> 00:35:54,440 THIS AFFECT TO THE ACTUAL TARGET 792 00:35:54,440 --> 00:35:58,160 LOCATIONS DURING THE TASK. 793 00:35:58,160 --> 00:35:59,880 HERE'S YOUR EXAMPLE OF CHANNEL 794 00:35:59,880 --> 00:36:01,160 TOP-DOWN VIEW OF THE ENVIRONMENT 795 00:36:01,160 --> 00:36:05,400 WHERE YOU SEE HOT SPOTS OF THETA 796 00:36:05,400 --> 00:36:06,560 POWER NEURO THE HAIL SCRO 797 00:36:06,560 --> 00:36:08,160 POSITION AND AVERAGE ACROSS THE 798 00:36:08,160 --> 00:36:10,080 GROUP OF PARTICIPANTS AROUND 8 799 00:36:10,080 --> 00:36:13,880 HERTZ YOU SEE THE ELEVATED POWER 800 00:36:13,880 --> 00:36:22,320 CHANGE DURING CORRECT RETRIEVAL 801 00:36:22,320 --> 00:36:23,600 TARGET LOCATIONS COMPARE TO 802 00:36:23,600 --> 00:36:28,560 INCORRECT AND TO GIVE YOU A 803 00:36:28,560 --> 00:36:34,960 SNAPSHOT WE'VE SEEN THE 804 00:36:34,960 --> 00:36:43,720 OSCILLATIONS IN THE HIPPOCAMPAL 805 00:36:43,720 --> 00:36:46,440 SPEEDS CHANGE AND IT CHANGES IN 806 00:36:46,440 --> 00:36:47,440 CLOSE POSITIONS TO WALLS 807 00:36:47,440 --> 00:36:49,240 COMPARED TO INNER AREAS. 808 00:36:49,240 --> 00:36:51,960 THE ACTIVITY PATTERNS ARE ALSO 809 00:36:51,960 --> 00:36:54,440 MODULATE MEMORY RETRIEVAL AND 810 00:36:54,440 --> 00:36:56,080 TASK GOAL INCLUDING EYE 811 00:36:56,080 --> 00:36:57,760 MOVEMENTS FURTHER MODULATED 812 00:36:57,760 --> 00:37:00,040 PERHAPS BY TASK GOAL AND THESE 813 00:37:00,040 --> 00:37:01,880 PATTERNS CAN ALSO BE ELICITED BY 814 00:37:01,880 --> 00:37:04,080 THE POSITION OF OTHER 815 00:37:04,080 --> 00:37:06,720 INDIVIDUALS AND SO THE PRESENCE 816 00:37:06,720 --> 00:37:08,120 OF OTHERS PRESENTS AN 817 00:37:08,120 --> 00:37:10,400 INTERESTING OPPORTUNITY FOR 818 00:37:10,400 --> 00:37:12,920 FUTURE STUDIES PERHAPS OF SOCIAL 819 00:37:12,920 --> 00:37:15,520 ENCODING OF LOCATION AS WELL AS 820 00:37:15,520 --> 00:37:16,000 SOCIAL INTERACTION. 821 00:37:16,000 --> 00:37:19,160 WHAT I DIDN'T SHOW YOU IS WE 822 00:37:19,160 --> 00:37:21,200 ALSO FOUND THESE PATTERNS ARE 823 00:37:21,200 --> 00:37:25,160 MODULATE WALKING POSITION IN A 824 00:37:25,160 --> 00:37:28,040 GRID LIKE PATTERN SIMILAR TO 825 00:37:28,040 --> 00:37:30,120 GRID CELLS IN OUR FREE-MOVING 826 00:37:30,120 --> 00:37:30,400 RODENTS. 827 00:37:30,400 --> 00:37:32,120 A FEW MORE SLIDES IF I HAVE 828 00:37:32,120 --> 00:37:34,400 TIME, CUT ME OFF, PLEASE, IF I'M 829 00:37:34,400 --> 00:37:35,000 GOING OVER. 830 00:37:35,000 --> 00:37:37,120 I'M SHOWING YOU WHAT WE'RE DOING 831 00:37:37,120 --> 00:37:37,280 NOW. 832 00:37:37,280 --> 00:37:40,320 WE'RE DOING SOME OF THE SPATIAL 833 00:37:40,320 --> 00:37:42,160 NAVIGATION TASKS OUTDOORS IN THE 834 00:37:42,160 --> 00:37:45,120 REAL WORLD USE ON BODY MOTION 835 00:37:45,120 --> 00:37:48,800 TRACKING SENSORS AND VIDEO, 836 00:37:48,800 --> 00:37:53,680 AUDIO AND GO PRO AND ALL KINDS 837 00:37:53,680 --> 00:37:57,240 OF THINGS SYNCHRONIZED AND IF 838 00:37:57,240 --> 00:37:59,080 ANY OF YOU KNOW SOUTH SIDE OF 839 00:37:59,080 --> 00:38:02,440 UCLA CAMPUS IS VERY CONFUSING SO 840 00:38:02,440 --> 00:38:04,560 WE'RE MEASURING THEIR NAVIGATION 841 00:38:04,560 --> 00:38:09,720 PATTERNS OVER REPEATED WALKS AND 842 00:38:09,720 --> 00:38:11,320 MEMORY FOR ROUTES WHICH ARE 843 00:38:11,320 --> 00:38:13,960 CIRCUITOUS GOING INDOORS AND 844 00:38:13,960 --> 00:38:14,880 OUTDOORS AND WE'RE USING 845 00:38:14,880 --> 00:38:17,400 COMPUTER VISION TECHNIQUES TO 846 00:38:17,400 --> 00:38:19,680 ISOLATE PARTICULAR EVENTS IN THE 847 00:38:19,680 --> 00:38:25,080 COMPLEX EXPERIENCES SAUCHZ -- 848 00:38:25,080 --> 00:38:27,480 SUCH AS DOORS OPENING AND SPEED 849 00:38:27,480 --> 00:38:28,200 AND POSITION. 850 00:38:28,200 --> 00:38:31,560 WE'VE ALSO ENABLED THE RECORDING 851 00:38:31,560 --> 00:38:33,480 OF THIS DEEP BRAIN ACTIVITY IN 852 00:38:33,480 --> 00:38:38,480 TWO OR MORE INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE 853 00:38:38,480 --> 00:38:40,880 NAVIGATING IN TASKS WHERE THEY 854 00:38:40,880 --> 00:38:41,680 ALTERNATE BETWEEN OBSERVATION 855 00:38:41,680 --> 00:38:43,280 AND NAVIGATION. 856 00:38:43,280 --> 00:38:46,480 WHAT YOU CAN LOOK AT ARE 857 00:38:46,480 --> 00:38:54,480 INTEGRATED SYNC RONY OF THE 858 00:38:54,480 --> 00:38:55,960 INDIVIDUAL PATTERNS AND HOW 859 00:38:55,960 --> 00:38:57,240 INDIVIDUALS ARE ENCODING 860 00:38:57,240 --> 00:38:58,520 TRAJECTORIES AND LOCATIONS IN 861 00:38:58,520 --> 00:39:04,480 THE PRESENCE OF OTHERS. 862 00:39:04,480 --> 00:39:10,440 AND LASTLY I WANTED TO MENTION 863 00:39:10,440 --> 00:39:12,160 WE'VE DEVELOPED A SYSTEM THAT 864 00:39:12,160 --> 00:39:15,000 CAN ENABLE SINGLE NEURON RECORD 865 00:39:15,000 --> 00:39:16,560 DURING WALKING BEHAVIOR. 866 00:39:16,560 --> 00:39:17,600 THE DEVICES WE USED IF THE 867 00:39:17,600 --> 00:39:25,080 PREVIOUS STUD CAN ONLY RECORD 868 00:39:25,080 --> 00:39:25,480 INT 869 00:39:25,480 --> 00:39:28,080 INTRACRANIAL EEG AND THROUGH 870 00:39:28,080 --> 00:39:32,240 DARPA FUNDING AND COLLABORATING 871 00:39:32,240 --> 00:39:36,560 WITH ENGINEERING WE HAVE A MINI 872 00:39:36,560 --> 00:39:41,280 SYSTEM CARRIED ON BODY TO RECORD 873 00:39:41,280 --> 00:39:43,160 NEURONS WITH PATIENTS WITH THE 874 00:39:43,160 --> 00:39:46,680 ELECTRODES IMPLANTED FOR 875 00:39:46,680 --> 00:39:48,080 EPILEPSY AND WALK AROUND THE 876 00:39:48,080 --> 00:39:49,560 HOSPITAL AND HALLWAYS AND CAN 877 00:39:49,560 --> 00:39:53,520 STIMULATE AS CAN A SYSTEM I 878 00:39:53,520 --> 00:39:54,280 PRESENTED BEFORE WITH VARIABLE 879 00:39:54,280 --> 00:40:00,320 LEVELS OF PARAMETERS THAT CAN BE 880 00:40:00,320 --> 00:40:00,720 PROGRAMMED. 881 00:40:00,720 --> 00:40:03,040 SO WE RECORDED IN A HANDFUL 882 00:40:03,040 --> 00:40:04,640 SUBJECTS IN THE EMU WALKING 883 00:40:04,640 --> 00:40:10,360 AROUND THEIR HOSPITAL ROOM SO 884 00:40:10,360 --> 00:40:11,280 BACK AND FORTH WITHIN SMALL 885 00:40:11,280 --> 00:40:14,880 SQUARE FEET OF SPACE AND 886 00:40:14,880 --> 00:40:17,800 ISOLATED SINGLE UNIT WAVE FORM 887 00:40:17,800 --> 00:40:18,960 AND HERE'S TWO UNITS AND 888 00:40:18,960 --> 00:40:20,760 PATTERNS AS THEY WALK THROUGH. 889 00:40:20,760 --> 00:40:22,360 DEVICE IS CURRENTLY SUBMITTED 890 00:40:22,360 --> 00:40:28,680 FOR FUNDING TO TRY TO EXPAND AND 891 00:40:28,680 --> 00:40:30,320 USE THE MINIATURIZED VERSION OF 892 00:40:30,320 --> 00:40:32,600 THE DEVICE WHICH IS THE SIZE OF 893 00:40:32,600 --> 00:40:35,000 A PILL AND COULD BE IMPLANTABLE 894 00:40:35,000 --> 00:40:37,080 AND RECORD NOT ONLY SINGLE 895 00:40:37,080 --> 00:40:41,040 NEURON LOCAL FIELD ACTIVITY FROM 896 00:40:41,040 --> 00:40:43,160 HIGH DENSITY CHANNEL ACCOUNTS 897 00:40:43,160 --> 00:40:44,080 AND ALSO STIMULATE WITH CLOSE 898 00:40:44,080 --> 00:40:48,000 CAPABILITIES. 899 00:40:48,000 --> 00:40:49,800 SO WITH COLLABORATIONS BEYOND MY 900 00:40:49,800 --> 00:40:55,160 OWN LAB WE'RE WORKING WITH 901 00:40:55,160 --> 00:40:57,200 OTHERS TO LOOK AT SLEEP, SOCIAL 902 00:40:57,200 --> 00:41:00,920 INTERACTION, ANXIETY, FEAR, 903 00:41:00,920 --> 00:41:02,840 EATING DISORDERS AND OTHERS AND 904 00:41:02,840 --> 00:41:05,320 SO THERE'S A LOT OF OPPORTUNITY 905 00:41:05,320 --> 00:41:08,200 HERE TO TRANSLATE THESE 906 00:41:08,200 --> 00:41:11,120 TECHNIQUES TO ASK OTHER TYPES OF 907 00:41:11,120 --> 00:41:12,040 QUESTIONS IN THE COGNITIVE 908 00:41:12,040 --> 00:41:13,840 NEUROSCIENCE DOMAIN. 909 00:41:13,840 --> 00:41:15,960 SO LAST SLIDE TO SUMMARIZE WE 910 00:41:15,960 --> 00:41:18,360 CAN RECORD DEEP BRAIN ACTIVITY 911 00:41:18,360 --> 00:41:21,240 DURING AMBULATORY BEHAVIOR AND 912 00:41:21,240 --> 00:41:23,240 COMBINING THIS WITH WEARABLE 913 00:41:23,240 --> 00:41:24,960 TECHNOLOGIES YOU CAN 914 00:41:24,960 --> 00:41:26,480 CHARACTERIZE COMPLEX REAL WORLD 915 00:41:26,480 --> 00:41:26,760 BEHAVIORS. 916 00:41:26,760 --> 00:41:28,320 I DIDN'T MENTION ALL THE DEVICES 917 00:41:28,320 --> 00:41:32,040 CAN STIMULATE AND SO WE ARE ALSO 918 00:41:32,040 --> 00:41:33,480 LOOKING INTO USING STIMULATION 919 00:41:33,480 --> 00:41:37,200 TO DEVELOP NEW THERAPIES FOR 920 00:41:37,200 --> 00:41:38,440 PATIENTS, FOR INSTANCE, WITH 921 00:41:38,440 --> 00:41:40,200 PTSD IN OUR CASE AND THERE ARE 922 00:41:40,200 --> 00:41:41,480 OTHER LABS YOU HEARD FROM 923 00:41:41,480 --> 00:41:43,200 YESTERDAY AND YOU HEARD GREAT 924 00:41:43,200 --> 00:41:48,720 TALKS ABOUT THIS AND WE VAIN 925 00:41:48,720 --> 00:42:00,360 OPPORTUNITY TO LOOK AT THE 926 00:42:00,360 --> 00:42:01,640 EFFECTS OF THESE DURING COMPLEX 927 00:42:01,640 --> 00:42:02,520 BEHAVIORS AND THERE'S ONGOING 928 00:42:02,520 --> 00:42:03,480 OPPORTUNITIES IN THE SPACE. 929 00:42:03,480 --> 00:42:06,520 THERE'S STILL A KNEAD TO 930 00:42:06,520 --> 00:42:07,880 HOPEFULLY SPREAD THESE TOOLS 931 00:42:07,880 --> 00:42:11,000 ACROSS A LARGER NUMBER OF LABS 932 00:42:11,000 --> 00:42:13,200 AND NOW THAT WE HAVE TOOLS THAT 933 00:42:13,200 --> 00:42:15,120 ARE A LITTLE BIT CLOSER TO 934 00:42:15,120 --> 00:42:18,360 BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN ANIMAL 935 00:42:18,360 --> 00:42:21,880 STUDIES I'M HOPEFUL WE CAN WORK 936 00:42:21,880 --> 00:42:25,680 TOGETHER TO SEE THE 937 00:42:25,680 --> 00:42:27,240 COMMONALITIES AND DIFFERENCES 938 00:42:27,240 --> 00:42:28,960 ACROSS SPECIES AND TAKE 939 00:42:28,960 --> 00:42:31,120 ADVANTAGE OF EACH SPECIES' 940 00:42:31,120 --> 00:42:33,320 UNIQUE CAPABILITY TO DO CERTAIN 941 00:42:33,320 --> 00:42:36,040 BEHAVIORS QUICKLY SUCH AS IN 942 00:42:36,040 --> 00:42:37,520 HUMANS IN TERMS OF CERTAIN TASKS 943 00:42:37,520 --> 00:42:39,480 EASIER FOR TRAINING PURPOSES. 944 00:42:39,480 --> 00:42:40,520 YOU HEARD YESTERDAY SOME TALKS 945 00:42:40,520 --> 00:42:44,480 WE ALSO HAVE CHALLENGES IN TERMS 946 00:42:44,480 --> 00:42:46,480 OF DOING AT-HOME BEHAVIORAL 947 00:42:46,480 --> 00:42:48,160 CHARACTERIZATION AND ALL THE 948 00:42:48,160 --> 00:42:50,160 STUDIES ARE IN THE LAB WITH 949 00:42:50,160 --> 00:42:51,680 COMPLEX WEARABLE SUBJECTS NOT 950 00:42:51,680 --> 00:42:53,680 USER FRIENDLY BY THE PATIENTS OR 951 00:42:53,680 --> 00:42:55,440 PARTICIPANTS SO BEING ABLE TO 952 00:42:55,440 --> 00:42:58,280 HAVE THOSE TYPES OF DEVICES AT 953 00:42:58,280 --> 00:43:00,960 HOME WILL BE A GAME CHANGER IN 954 00:43:00,960 --> 00:43:02,680 THE SPACE. 955 00:43:02,680 --> 00:43:08,640 WEN -- WHEN WORKING WITH 956 00:43:08,640 --> 00:43:10,080 PATIENTS WITH DISEASE STATES WE 957 00:43:10,080 --> 00:43:11,320 WANT TO ASSESS THE DISEASE 958 00:43:11,320 --> 00:43:13,920 STATES AND WITH PTSD WE'D LIKE 959 00:43:13,920 --> 00:43:16,880 BETTER WAYS BEYOND SELF-REPORT 960 00:43:16,880 --> 00:43:19,200 TO ASSESS DISEASE STATES AND 961 00:43:19,200 --> 00:43:21,440 LAST BUT NOT LEAST THE DATA 962 00:43:21,440 --> 00:43:23,840 WE'RE GETTING IN THE REAL WORLD 963 00:43:23,840 --> 00:43:26,360 OUTDOOR STUDY IS ENORMOUS. 964 00:43:26,360 --> 00:43:29,080 PARSING THAT DATA USING DEEP 965 00:43:29,080 --> 00:43:30,240 LEARNING COMPUTER VISION METHODS 966 00:43:30,240 --> 00:43:31,240 IS SOMETHING WE'RE INTERESTED IN 967 00:43:31,240 --> 00:43:36,600 AND HOPEFULLY OTHERS WILL ALSO. 968 00:43:36,600 --> 00:43:38,480 THESE THE LAB MEMBERS DOING ALL 969 00:43:38,480 --> 00:43:40,360 THE WORK AND LOTS OF 970 00:43:40,360 --> 00:43:41,360 COLLABORATORS AND CLINICIANS AND 971 00:43:41,360 --> 00:43:42,080 INDUSTRY COLLABORATORS AND 972 00:43:42,080 --> 00:43:44,080 FUNDING THAT MAKE IT ALL HAPPEN. 973 00:43:44,080 --> 00:43:45,480 THANK YOU ALL FOR LISTENING AND 974 00:43:45,480 --> 00:43:47,080 FOR HAVING ME AND LOOKING 975 00:43:47,080 --> 00:43:49,200 FORWARD TO DISCUSSING ALL THIS 976 00:43:49,200 --> 00:43:57,560 FURTHER. 977 00:43:57,560 --> 00:43:59,840 >> WE HAVE TIME FOR A COUPLE 978 00:43:59,840 --> 00:44:01,200 QUESTIONS AND I'LL GIVE SOME 979 00:44:01,200 --> 00:44:03,080 THAT APPEARED IN THE QUESTION 980 00:44:03,080 --> 00:44:04,680 ANSWER FIELD. 981 00:44:04,680 --> 00:44:08,360 ONE QUESTION IS, BESIDES SEEING 982 00:44:08,360 --> 00:44:10,240 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN VISUAL 983 00:44:10,240 --> 00:44:12,640 ACTIVITY AND DATA SACCADES DO 984 00:44:12,640 --> 00:44:15,760 YOU SEE SKIN CONDUCTANTS AND 985 00:44:15,760 --> 00:44:16,640 OTHER PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANNELS? 986 00:44:16,640 --> 00:44:18,120 >> YEAH, THAT'S SOMETHING WE'RE 987 00:44:18,120 --> 00:44:21,680 LOOK AT IN THE CONTEXT OF THESE 988 00:44:21,680 --> 00:44:24,480 STUDIES AND PTSD PATIENT AND 989 00:44:24,480 --> 00:44:26,080 THOSE WITH ANXIETY DISORDER. 990 00:44:26,080 --> 00:44:27,120 WOE DIDN'T COLLECT THE DATA 991 00:44:27,120 --> 00:44:28,680 BECAUSE IT WASN'T PART OF THE 992 00:44:28,680 --> 00:44:29,440 QUESTION WE WERE ASKING EARLIER 993 00:44:29,440 --> 00:44:33,080 BUT IN THE OTHER STUDIES IN PTSD 994 00:44:33,080 --> 00:44:34,680 PATIENTS AND EPILEPSY PATIENTS 995 00:44:34,680 --> 00:44:35,960 WHO DON'T HAVE PTSD WE STARTED 996 00:44:35,960 --> 00:44:38,280 TO COLLECT SOME OF THAT DATA AND 997 00:44:38,280 --> 00:44:41,240 WE DON'T REALLY HAVE ANSWERS 998 00:44:41,240 --> 00:44:44,520 QUITE YET BUT PERHAPS MAYBE SOME 999 00:44:44,520 --> 00:44:46,440 PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE IN TERMS OF 1000 00:44:46,440 --> 00:44:49,200 INCREASED SKIN CONDUCTANTS 1001 00:44:49,200 --> 00:44:51,800 DURING TRAUMA REMINDERS THAT 1002 00:44:51,800 --> 00:44:54,440 CORRESPOND TO THE AMYGDALA AND 1003 00:44:54,440 --> 00:44:59,120 THAT IS PROMISING. 1004 00:44:59,120 --> 00:45:00,720 >> CAN YOU COMMENT ON THE 1005 00:45:00,720 --> 00:45:02,800 SIMILARITIES OF YOUR FINDINGS 1006 00:45:02,800 --> 00:45:05,840 WITH ACTIVE MOTION WITH THE 1007 00:45:05,840 --> 00:45:07,200 FINDINGS FROM VIRTUAL MOTION. 1008 00:45:07,200 --> 00:45:11,080 USING EEG OR FMRI. 1009 00:45:11,080 --> 00:45:12,280 IS THERE GOOD CONVERGENCE IN 1010 00:45:12,280 --> 00:45:13,480 USING THESE METHODS. 1011 00:45:13,480 --> 00:45:18,400 >> THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION I 1012 00:45:18,400 --> 00:45:19,640 CANNOT ANSWER. 1013 00:45:19,640 --> 00:45:23,160 WE CREATED A VIRTUAL VERSION OF 1014 00:45:23,160 --> 00:45:23,760 THE REAL WORLD ENVIRONMENT AS 1015 00:45:23,760 --> 00:45:26,400 YOU LOOK AT THAT WE HAVE 1016 00:45:26,400 --> 00:45:27,320 INDIVIDUALS ALTERNATE BETWEEN 1017 00:45:27,320 --> 00:45:28,520 REAL WORLD AND VIRTUAL 1018 00:45:28,520 --> 00:45:29,000 ENVIRONMENTS. 1019 00:45:29,000 --> 00:45:31,680 THERE'S SOME IS STUDIES EN 1020 00:45:31,680 --> 00:45:32,960 ANIMALS THAT SUBJECT PERHAPS OUR 1021 00:45:32,960 --> 00:45:36,360 DIFFERENCE IS LESS SPATIAL 1022 00:45:36,360 --> 00:45:38,360 ENCODING IN THESE AREAS BUT IT'S 1023 00:45:38,360 --> 00:45:41,120 NOT SOMETHING WE HAVE DATA YET 1024 00:45:41,120 --> 00:45:43,560 ON BUT IT'S DEFINITELY AN 1025 00:45:43,560 --> 00:45:44,720 IMPORTANT QUESTION, HOW MUCH -- 1026 00:45:44,720 --> 00:45:48,520 WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 1027 00:45:48,520 --> 00:45:50,440 THE VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS AND 1028 00:45:50,440 --> 00:45:51,920 REAL WORLD ENVIRONMENTS IN TERMS 1029 00:45:51,920 --> 00:45:53,080 OF THE BRAIN PATTERNS IS 1030 00:45:53,080 --> 00:45:54,440 SOMETHING WE'D LIKE TO LOOK 1031 00:45:54,440 --> 00:45:54,760 INTO. 1032 00:45:54,760 --> 00:45:57,320 >> AND ONE MORE, MALCOLM, YOU 1033 00:45:57,320 --> 00:45:59,320 HAVE YOUR HAND UP? 1034 00:45:59,320 --> 00:46:00,280 >> THANKS. 1035 00:46:00,280 --> 00:46:01,600 GREAT REALLY INTERESTING. 1036 00:46:01,600 --> 00:46:05,760 I'M SUPER INTERESTED BY THE 1037 00:46:05,760 --> 00:46:07,440 TARGET SACCADE STUFF AND CURIOUS 1038 00:46:07,440 --> 00:46:10,400 WHETHER YOU THINK THIS CAN START 1039 00:46:10,400 --> 00:46:12,800 TO ADDRESS THE IDEA THAT 1040 00:46:12,800 --> 00:46:16,200 SACCADES CAN BE A FORM OF 1041 00:46:16,200 --> 00:46:19,200 PRIMATE PTE. 1042 00:46:19,200 --> 00:46:21,360 YOU'RE DOING SPATIAL MEMORY 1043 00:46:21,360 --> 00:46:22,320 RECALL. 1044 00:46:22,320 --> 00:46:23,880 ARE THERE ANY TASKS YOU'RE DOING 1045 00:46:23,880 --> 00:46:29,000 WHERE THERE'S A PLANNING 1046 00:46:29,000 --> 00:46:31,000 COMPONENT OR DIFFICULT CHOICE OR 1047 00:46:31,000 --> 00:46:34,120 STRUCTURE WITHIN THE SACCADE 1048 00:46:34,120 --> 00:46:35,840 PRECEDE WALKING TOWARDS THE 1049 00:46:35,840 --> 00:46:36,480 RETRIEVE LOCATION? 1050 00:46:36,480 --> 00:46:38,880 CAN YOU SAY ANYTHING ABOUT THAT 1051 00:46:38,880 --> 00:46:41,160 BECAUSE THAT'S SUPER 1052 00:46:41,160 --> 00:46:41,560 INTERESTING. 1053 00:46:41,560 --> 00:46:44,440 >> OH, NO BUT THAT'S SUPER 1054 00:46:44,440 --> 00:46:47,000 INTERESTING A NEW POST-DOC 1055 00:46:47,000 --> 00:46:51,800 INTERESTED IN DECISION MAKING 1056 00:46:51,800 --> 00:46:53,080 AND WILL BE A POTENTIAL QUESTION 1057 00:46:53,080 --> 00:46:55,680 WE CAN LOOK AT BUT IN PREVIOUS 1058 00:46:55,680 --> 00:46:57,840 DATA WE HAVEN'T LOOKED AT THAT 1059 00:46:57,840 --> 00:46:59,760 OR HAD THE PROPER TASK TO BE 1060 00:46:59,760 --> 00:47:01,360 ABLE TO ANSWER SOME OF THOSE 1061 00:47:01,360 --> 00:47:02,720 QUESTIONS BUT VERY INTERESTING. 1062 00:47:02,720 --> 00:47:05,440 THANK YOU. 1063 00:47:05,440 --> 00:47:09,280 >> THAT'S WHY WE'RE HERE TO 1064 00:47:09,280 --> 00:47:11,440 IDENTIFY QUESTIONS SUPER 1065 00:47:11,440 --> 00:47:12,800 INTERESTING BUT NOT DOING YET. 1066 00:47:12,800 --> 00:47:15,280 WE'LL MOVE ON TO THE NEXT TALK 1067 00:47:15,280 --> 00:47:20,920 BY NITA FARAHANY FRAMING THE 1068 00:47:20,920 --> 00:47:23,200 ETHICAL CONTEXT OF BRAIN 1069 00:47:23,200 --> 00:47:24,200 BEHAVIORAL QUANTIFICATION. 1070 00:47:24,200 --> 00:47:24,920 >> THANKS, EVERYBODY. 1071 00:47:24,920 --> 00:47:26,320 THANKS FOR HAVING ME HERE TODAY 1072 00:47:26,320 --> 00:47:32,680 AND FOR ALSO MAKING ETHICS A 1073 00:47:32,680 --> 00:47:35,440 FOCAL POINT OF THE CONVERSATION. 1074 00:47:35,440 --> 00:47:38,480 LET ME APOLOGIZE IN ADVANCE I AM 1075 00:47:38,480 --> 00:47:42,040 RECOVERING FROM COVID SO MY 1076 00:47:42,040 --> 00:47:44,280 VOICE MAY GIVE OUT WHEN I 1077 00:47:44,280 --> 00:47:45,560 THOUGHT I MISSED THE WAVE OF THE 1078 00:47:45,560 --> 00:47:47,280 CURRENT ITERATION I CAME DOWN 1079 00:47:47,280 --> 00:47:47,880 WITH IT. 1080 00:47:47,880 --> 00:47:50,400 I HOPE YOU CAN HEAR ME WELL AND 1081 00:47:50,400 --> 00:47:52,280 SEE MY SLIDES WELL AND EXCITED 1082 00:47:52,280 --> 00:47:54,280 TO HAVE THIS CONVERSATION WITH 1083 00:47:54,280 --> 00:47:55,120 YOU TODAY. 1084 00:47:55,120 --> 00:47:56,840 WHAT I WANT DO IS TALK ABOUT HOW 1085 00:47:56,840 --> 00:48:00,640 WE MIGHT FRAME THE ETHICAL 1086 00:48:00,640 --> 00:48:02,320 ISSUES RATHER THAN NECESSARILY 1087 00:48:02,320 --> 00:48:03,960 ADDRESS ALL THE ETHICAL ISSUES 1088 00:48:03,960 --> 00:48:07,200 OF THIS EXCITING BUT POTENTIALLY 1089 00:48:07,200 --> 00:48:08,600 RISKY AREA OF RESEARCH IS 1090 00:48:08,600 --> 00:48:09,160 OPENING UP. 1091 00:48:09,160 --> 00:48:10,720 IT'S NOT THAT DIFFERENT THAN HOW 1092 00:48:10,720 --> 00:48:13,440 WE MIGHT FRAME ANY ETHICAL 1093 00:48:13,440 --> 00:48:13,640 ISSUE. 1094 00:48:13,640 --> 00:48:16,160 SO I WANTED TO WALK US THROUGH 1095 00:48:16,160 --> 00:48:19,680 THAT TO THINK BIT AND GIVE 1096 00:48:19,680 --> 00:48:21,240 CONTEXT TO THE -- ABOUT IT AND 1097 00:48:21,240 --> 00:48:22,400 GIVE CONTEXT TO THE PLACES WE 1098 00:48:22,400 --> 00:48:23,640 MAY FOLLOW. 1099 00:48:23,640 --> 00:48:27,080 A STARTING PLACE FOR ANY ETHICAL 1100 00:48:27,080 --> 00:48:28,920 ISSUE IS TO THINK ABOUT AN 1101 00:48:28,920 --> 00:48:30,760 EMERGING PRACTICE OR USE OF NEW 1102 00:48:30,760 --> 00:48:32,200 TECHNOLOGIES TO LOCATE TO THE 1103 00:48:32,200 --> 00:48:34,040 EXTENT POSSIBLE THE SPECIFIC 1104 00:48:34,040 --> 00:48:36,880 ETHICAL ISSUES THAT ARE AT HAND. 1105 00:48:36,880 --> 00:48:38,480 AND SOMETIMES WHAT APPEARS TO BE 1106 00:48:38,480 --> 00:48:40,760 AN ETHICAL DISPUTE IS OFTEN A 1107 00:48:40,760 --> 00:48:42,680 DISPUTE ABOUT FACTS OR CONCEPTS 1108 00:48:42,680 --> 00:48:44,640 WHICH IS SO IMPORTANT TO 1109 00:48:44,640 --> 00:48:48,480 ESTABLISH WHAT IT IS WE'RE 1110 00:48:48,480 --> 00:48:49,600 TALKING ABOUT. 1111 00:48:49,600 --> 00:48:58,440 SO THE MOST PREVALENT CONSTRUCT 1112 00:48:58,440 --> 00:49:02,120 IN PUBLIC HEALTH OR BIOLOGICAL 1113 00:49:02,120 --> 00:49:05,880 RESEARCH IS SOME UTILITARIANS 1114 00:49:05,880 --> 00:49:09,080 SAY IT'S BRAIN QUANTIFICATION OR 1115 00:49:09,080 --> 00:49:10,320 DEEP PHENOTYPING IS ESSENTIAL 1116 00:49:10,320 --> 00:49:11,720 BECAUSE INFORMATION HEALTH AND 1117 00:49:11,720 --> 00:49:14,200 DISEASE CREATE SIGNIFICANT 1118 00:49:14,200 --> 00:49:15,400 INACCURACIES IN POORLY DESCRIBED 1119 00:49:15,400 --> 00:49:15,680 PHENOTYPES. 1120 00:49:15,680 --> 00:49:18,440 SO THIS KIND OF APPROACH THE 1121 00:49:18,440 --> 00:49:19,840 DEEP PHENOTYPING APPROACH WILL 1122 00:49:19,840 --> 00:49:23,000 CREATE THE GREATEST GOOD FOR 1123 00:49:23,000 --> 00:49:27,680 MENTAL HEALTH WITH THE LEAST A 1124 00:49:27,680 --> 00:49:32,320 HARM AND OTHERS CLAIM NEW AND 1125 00:49:32,320 --> 00:49:34,600 POTENTIALLY MORE INVASIVE 1126 00:49:34,600 --> 00:49:35,640 MODALITIES ARE ALREADY ADEQUATE 1127 00:49:35,640 --> 00:49:38,720 SO THE MORE INVASIVE WAYS WON'T 1128 00:49:38,720 --> 00:49:40,480 IMPROVE OUTCOMES AND WILL 1129 00:49:40,480 --> 00:49:42,400 PRODUCE MORE HARM THAN GOOD. 1130 00:49:42,400 --> 00:49:44,280 THE ARGUMENT BETWEEN THE TWO 1131 00:49:44,280 --> 00:49:46,240 PERSPECTIVES IS AN ARGUMENT OVER 1132 00:49:46,240 --> 00:49:48,520 FACTS THAN A MORAL FRAMEWORK OR 1133 00:49:48,520 --> 00:49:49,880 ETHICAL ISSUE AT HAND AND THE 1134 00:49:49,880 --> 00:49:52,080 AGREEMENT IS WE OUGHT TO PRODUCE 1135 00:49:52,080 --> 00:49:54,080 THE BEST OUTCOMES FOR ADDRESSING 1136 00:49:54,080 --> 00:49:55,080 MENTAL HEALTH AN DISEASE. 1137 00:49:55,080 --> 00:49:58,240 WE NEED TO START BY WHAT ARE THE 1138 00:49:58,240 --> 00:50:06,360 ETHICAL ISSUES AND IN THIS 1139 00:50:06,360 --> 00:50:10,360 CONTEXT WHAT'S THE RELEVANT 1140 00:50:10,360 --> 00:50:10,680 INFORMATION? 1141 00:50:10,680 --> 00:50:14,120 IS THERE AN ETHICAL MANDATE TO 1142 00:50:14,120 --> 00:50:16,280 PROCEED WITH BEHAVIOR 1143 00:50:16,280 --> 00:50:16,680 QUANTIFICATION? 1144 00:50:16,680 --> 00:50:18,640 I WOULD ARGUE THERE IS. 1145 00:50:18,640 --> 00:50:20,680 MENTAL DISORDERS REMAIN AMONG 1146 00:50:20,680 --> 00:50:23,080 THE TOP 10 LEADING CAUSES OF 1147 00:50:23,080 --> 00:50:23,880 BURDEN WORLDWIDE WITH NO 1148 00:50:23,880 --> 00:50:25,120 EVIDENCE OF GLOBAL REDUCTION IN 1149 00:50:25,120 --> 00:50:25,880 THE BURDEN. 1150 00:50:25,880 --> 00:50:27,480 IT'S ONLY INCREASING AND 1151 00:50:27,480 --> 00:50:28,600 PARTICULARLY WITHIN THE PAST 1152 00:50:28,600 --> 00:50:29,880 COUPLE YEARS WE CAN SEE A MARKED 1153 00:50:29,880 --> 00:50:32,600 INCREASE IN IT. 1154 00:50:32,600 --> 00:50:34,680 AND THE MERE EXISTENCE OF THE 1155 00:50:34,680 --> 00:50:36,680 PROBLEM DOESN'T CREATE THE 1156 00:50:36,680 --> 00:50:38,480 MANDATE BUT THERE'S ALSO 1157 00:50:38,480 --> 00:50:40,720 INHERENT LIMITATIONS TO DATE IN 1158 00:50:40,720 --> 00:50:43,200 OUR ABILITY TO WELL 1159 00:50:43,200 --> 00:50:45,160 CHARACTERIZE, ADDRESS, 1160 00:50:45,160 --> 00:50:46,000 APPROPRIATELY PHENOTYPE AND 1161 00:50:46,000 --> 00:50:47,160 INTERVENE EARLY ENOUGH IN THE 1162 00:50:47,160 --> 00:50:49,200 COURSE OF MENTAL DISEASE AND 1163 00:50:49,200 --> 00:50:50,080 DISABILITY. 1164 00:50:50,080 --> 00:50:51,400 THERE'S ALSO THE QUESTION OF 1165 00:50:51,400 --> 00:50:53,120 WHAT ADDITIONAL BURDENS AND 1166 00:50:53,120 --> 00:50:56,800 DUTIES WE HAVE TO THE COMMON 1167 00:50:56,800 --> 00:50:59,800 GOOD WHEN ABILITY TO TRACK AND 1168 00:50:59,800 --> 00:51:02,320 CHARACTERIZE BEHAVIOR IN NATURAL 1169 00:51:02,320 --> 00:51:06,160 ENVIRONMENTS OF EVERYDAY LIFE 1170 00:51:06,160 --> 00:51:07,880 BECOME AVAILABLE. 1171 00:51:07,880 --> 00:51:12,960 WHEN OUR COMPUTER POWER ALLOW US 1172 00:51:12,960 --> 00:51:20,520 TO MAKE ASSOCIATIONS AND LOOK AT 1173 00:51:20,520 --> 00:51:22,920 SELF-REPORTING AND GENETIC DATA. 1174 00:51:22,920 --> 00:51:23,680 THERE'S MORE THAN BEFORE 1175 00:51:23,680 --> 00:51:26,320 POSSIBLE TO GATHER INSIGHT. 1176 00:51:26,320 --> 00:51:28,480 NEW TECHNOLOGIES CANNOT ONLY 1177 00:51:28,480 --> 00:51:31,240 CREATE NOVEL ETHICAL RISK BUT 1178 00:51:31,240 --> 00:51:33,360 CAN CREATE NOVEL ETHICAL DUTIES 1179 00:51:33,360 --> 00:51:34,720 TO ADDRESS THE MOST PRESSING 1180 00:51:34,720 --> 00:51:37,240 PROBLEMS IN SOCIETY AND THIS IS 1181 00:51:37,240 --> 00:51:39,360 ONE OF THOSE AREAS. 1182 00:51:39,360 --> 00:51:42,080 BAYS THERE'S AN ETHICAL MANDATE 1183 00:51:42,080 --> 00:51:44,480 TO PROCEED DOESN'T MEAN THERE'S 1184 00:51:44,480 --> 00:51:48,200 A METH CAL MANDATE TO USE EVERY 1185 00:51:48,200 --> 00:51:50,400 PIECE OF AN INDIVIDUAL 1186 00:51:50,400 --> 00:51:52,840 PARTICULARLY IF DOING SO IN A 1187 00:51:52,840 --> 00:51:54,880 CERTAIN CONTEXT MAYBE MORE 1188 00:51:54,880 --> 00:51:55,560 INTRUSIVE THAN VALUABLE AND 1189 00:51:55,560 --> 00:52:02,480 REQUIRES RESEARCHES TO STOP AND 1190 00:52:03,200 --> 00:52:03,440 REFLECT. 1191 00:52:03,440 --> 00:52:05,240 THERE'S A NOVEL THOUGHT BECAUSE 1192 00:52:05,240 --> 00:52:08,040 A PIECE OF INFORMATION CAN BE 1193 00:52:08,040 --> 00:52:09,800 QUANTIFIED WE SHOULD DO SO BUT 1194 00:52:09,800 --> 00:52:11,880 WITH EACH NEW PIECE OF 1195 00:52:11,880 --> 00:52:13,400 INFORMATION WE COLLECT ABOUT 1196 00:52:13,400 --> 00:52:14,360 INDIVIDUALS EVEN IF THE INITIAL 1197 00:52:14,360 --> 00:52:16,120 PURPOSE OF COLLECTING THE DATA 1198 00:52:16,120 --> 00:52:18,360 POINT IS FOR THE COMMON GOOD WE 1199 00:52:18,360 --> 00:52:19,320 HAVE TO ASK WHETHER THAT'S A 1200 00:52:19,320 --> 00:52:21,440 PIECE NECESSARY TO IMPROVE 1201 00:52:21,440 --> 00:52:23,080 DECISION MAKING OR UNDERSTAND 1202 00:52:23,080 --> 00:52:26,240 HEALTH AND DISEASE WHICH 1203 00:52:26,240 --> 00:52:27,680 REQUIRES US TO RECOGNIZE 1204 00:52:27,680 --> 00:52:28,680 COLLECTING CERTAIN KINDS OF 1205 00:52:28,680 --> 00:52:29,800 INFORMATION SENSITIVE OR PRIVATE 1206 00:52:29,800 --> 00:52:31,160 INFORMATION SUCH AS FOR EXAMPLE, 1207 00:52:31,160 --> 00:52:35,320 HOW OFTEN A PERSON IS ENGAGING 1208 00:52:35,320 --> 00:52:37,680 IN SEXUAL INTERCOURSE OR 1209 00:52:37,680 --> 00:52:39,800 SELF-STIMULATION IN A HOME 1210 00:52:39,800 --> 00:52:41,360 ENVIRONMENT OR PRIVATE THOUGHTS 1211 00:52:41,360 --> 00:52:43,080 OR CORRESPONDENCE OR INTIMATE 1212 00:52:43,080 --> 00:52:43,680 CONVERSATIONS WITH OTHERS 1213 00:52:43,680 --> 00:52:47,040 THEY'RE ENGAGED IN MAYBE MORE 1214 00:52:47,040 --> 00:52:47,720 INTRUSIVE INTO THE PRIVACY OF 1215 00:52:47,720 --> 00:52:49,600 THE INDIVIDUAL THAN THE VALUE 1216 00:52:49,600 --> 00:52:51,280 THE DATA COLLECTION MAY YIELD 1217 00:52:51,280 --> 00:52:52,040 TOWARDS OUR INFORMATION AND 1218 00:52:52,040 --> 00:52:53,560 KNOWLEDGE ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH 1219 00:52:53,560 --> 00:52:54,560 AND DISEASE. 1220 00:52:54,560 --> 00:52:56,000 FINALLY, WE HAVE TO REALIZE 1221 00:52:56,000 --> 00:52:57,680 THERE'S SOME KINDS OF KNOWLEDGE 1222 00:52:57,680 --> 00:53:00,120 THAT MAY CREATE NEW DUTIES AND 1223 00:53:00,120 --> 00:53:02,080 BURDENS SUCH AS QUESTIONS ABOUT 1224 00:53:02,080 --> 00:53:04,960 WHAT POINT AND WHETHER ONE'S 1225 00:53:04,960 --> 00:53:06,360 PRIVY TO INFORMATION TO AN 1226 00:53:06,360 --> 00:53:08,480 INDIVIDUAL WE HAVE A DUTY TO DO 1227 00:53:08,480 --> 00:53:10,400 SOMETHING ABOUT IT. 1228 00:53:10,400 --> 00:53:13,160 SUCH AS EARLY INFORMATION THAT 1229 00:53:13,160 --> 00:53:15,080 SUGGESTS A PERSON MAY SELF HARM 1230 00:53:15,080 --> 00:53:16,480 AND DOES THIS CREATE NOVEL 1231 00:53:16,480 --> 00:53:20,680 BURDENS AND DUTIES ON 1232 00:53:20,680 --> 00:53:22,000 RESEARCHERS THEY MAY NOT HAVE 1233 00:53:22,000 --> 00:53:22,680 PREVIOUSLY HAD. 1234 00:53:22,680 --> 00:53:24,840 AT THE END OF THE DAY WE HAVE TO 1235 00:53:24,840 --> 00:53:26,960 ASK HOW MUCH DO YOU NEED TO 1236 00:53:26,960 --> 00:53:27,400 KNOW? 1237 00:53:27,400 --> 00:53:28,960 ARE THERE SOME KINDS OF 1238 00:53:28,960 --> 00:53:29,560 INFORMATION GATHERING WHILE 1239 00:53:29,560 --> 00:53:31,160 VALUABLE ARE MORE INTRUSIVE THAN 1240 00:53:31,160 --> 00:53:32,960 THE VALUE THEY PROVIDE AND AT 1241 00:53:32,960 --> 00:53:34,240 WHAT POINT DO YOU INTERVENE 1242 00:53:34,240 --> 00:53:36,200 BASED ON WHAT YOU KNOW? 1243 00:53:36,200 --> 00:53:38,280 THE SECOND STEP OF ANY ETHICAL 1244 00:53:38,280 --> 00:53:41,680 FRAMING OF AN EMERGING AREA LIKE 1245 00:53:41,680 --> 00:53:47,640 THIS ONE STO IS TO LOOK AT THE 1246 00:53:47,640 --> 00:53:48,320 CONTEXT. 1247 00:53:48,320 --> 00:53:49,240 FROM A REGULATORY PERSPECTIVE 1248 00:53:49,240 --> 00:53:53,160 THERE'S INCONSISTENCIES ACROSS 1249 00:53:53,160 --> 00:53:54,440 REVIEW BOARDS AND HOW THEY 1250 00:53:54,440 --> 00:53:59,120 APPROACH TECHNIQUES AND 1251 00:53:59,120 --> 00:54:00,600 DIFFERENCES IN VIEW POINTS 1252 00:54:00,600 --> 00:54:02,000 WHETHER THE RESEARCH SHOULD 1253 00:54:02,000 --> 00:54:04,680 PROCEED AT ALL AND IF THERE'S NO 1254 00:54:04,680 --> 00:54:06,080 CONSENSUS GUIDELINES THOUGH 1255 00:54:06,080 --> 00:54:08,120 THERE'S A CALL FOR THAT AND 1256 00:54:08,120 --> 00:54:12,480 EFFORTS TO BRING THE GAPS. 1257 00:54:12,480 --> 00:54:15,320 WE HEARD ABOUT THE VALUABLE NEW 1258 00:54:15,320 --> 00:54:17,320 PAPER ENTITLED ETHICS CHECKLIST 1259 00:54:17,320 --> 00:54:19,600 FOR DIGITAL HEALTH RESEARCH AND 1260 00:54:19,600 --> 00:54:19,880 PSYCHIATRY. 1261 00:54:19,880 --> 00:54:22,880 THE PAPER FOCUSSED ON WHAT THE 1262 00:54:22,880 --> 00:54:25,160 RESEARCHERS CALLED DEEP 1263 00:54:25,160 --> 00:54:27,400 PHENOTYPING AND CONVENED EXPERTS 1264 00:54:27,400 --> 00:54:29,120 THAT DEVELOPED AN ETHICS 1265 00:54:29,120 --> 00:54:29,400 CHECKLIST. 1266 00:54:29,400 --> 00:54:31,160 THAT WORKSHOP AND THEIR ANALYSIS 1267 00:54:31,160 --> 00:54:33,800 REVEALED THERE WAS A SIGNIFICANT 1268 00:54:33,800 --> 00:54:40,280 ETHICAL REGULATORY AND E 1269 00:54:40,280 --> 00:54:42,440 ENORMATIVE GAP AND RESEARCHERS 1270 00:54:42,440 --> 00:54:45,360 ARE FACED WITH LITTLE ETHICAL 1271 00:54:45,360 --> 00:54:47,360 GUIDANCE IN A COMPLEX SET OF 1272 00:54:47,360 --> 00:54:49,200 ISSUES THAT WILL FACE THEM SOME 1273 00:54:49,200 --> 00:54:52,200 ARE NEW AND SOME ARE BEING FACED 1274 00:54:52,200 --> 00:54:54,640 ON DIFFERENT ACTORS ACROSS THE 1275 00:54:54,640 --> 00:54:56,480 SPECTRUM AND IT'S IMPORTANT WE 1276 00:54:56,480 --> 00:54:58,720 ANTICIPATE WHAT THEY ARE IN THE 1277 00:54:58,720 --> 00:55:00,720 CONTEXT OF PRIVACY, INFORMED 1278 00:55:00,720 --> 00:55:05,000 CONSENT AND DUTIES AND NOVEL 1279 00:55:05,000 --> 00:55:06,440 DUTIES AND THE KNOWLEDGE OR 1280 00:55:06,440 --> 00:55:07,520 RESEARCH POSES. 1281 00:55:07,520 --> 00:55:09,360 LET'S DIVE INTO THOSE MORE 1282 00:55:09,360 --> 00:55:10,280 DEEPLY. 1283 00:55:10,280 --> 00:55:13,240 THAT'S START WITH THE PRIVACY 1284 00:55:13,240 --> 00:55:14,200 PERSPECTIVE. 1285 00:55:14,200 --> 00:55:15,480 OBVIOUSLY ONE THING THAT IS 1286 00:55:15,480 --> 00:55:18,360 NOVEL ABOUT THIS CONTEXT IS THE 1287 00:55:18,360 --> 00:55:19,000 US UNPRECEDENTED COLLECTION OF 1288 00:55:19,000 --> 00:55:32,800 DATA. 1289 00:55:32,800 --> 00:55:34,800 IT'S TRUE NEARLY EVERY MOVE IS 1290 00:55:34,800 --> 00:55:37,160 BEING TRACKED AND THEY'RE 1291 00:55:37,160 --> 00:55:38,280 TRACKING THE NEURAL CORRELATES 1292 00:55:38,280 --> 00:55:42,440 TO GIVE MORE DIRECT ACCESS TO 1293 00:55:42,440 --> 00:55:45,440 THOUGHTS, EPOTIMOTIONS AN PROCESSING 1294 00:55:45,440 --> 00:55:48,240 IN THE BRAIN THAT WASN'T BEFORE 1295 00:55:48,240 --> 00:55:49,200 POSSIBLE. 1296 00:55:49,200 --> 00:55:51,080 THAT POTENTIALLY INCREASES THE 1297 00:55:51,080 --> 00:55:52,280 RISK OF DATA COLLECTION 1298 00:55:52,280 --> 00:55:54,320 TRANSCENDING AN AREA WE HADN'T 1299 00:55:54,320 --> 00:55:59,680 BEEN ABLE TO DO BEFORE CREATING 1300 00:55:59,680 --> 00:56:04,880 NOVEL COGNITIVE LIBERTY AND 1301 00:56:04,880 --> 00:56:06,440 DEVELOPMENT OF SELF AND WHETHER 1302 00:56:06,440 --> 00:56:10,280 THE TARGET POPULATION IS 1303 00:56:10,280 --> 00:56:15,080 CHILDREN OR IN A HOME SETTING IT 1304 00:56:15,080 --> 00:56:17,360 INTRUDES INTO A PRIVATE REALM OF 1305 00:56:17,360 --> 00:56:17,800 MENTAL PRIVACY. 1306 00:56:17,800 --> 00:56:21,760 AND IT RAISES QUESTIONS ABOUT 1307 00:56:21,760 --> 00:56:23,920 NORMS OF DATA SHARING AND DATA 1308 00:56:23,920 --> 00:56:27,480 SETS HAVE TO BE PUBLISHED AND 1309 00:56:27,480 --> 00:56:28,320 MADE WIDELY AVAILABLE VERSUS 1310 00:56:28,320 --> 00:56:30,880 INDIVIDUAL PRIVACY. 1311 00:56:30,880 --> 00:56:32,720 THE RICHNESS DATA MAKES IT EASY 1312 00:56:32,720 --> 00:56:34,320 TO REIDENTIFIED AND POSES 1313 00:56:34,320 --> 00:56:44,240 INTRUSION INTO THE PRIVATE 1314 00:56:44,240 --> 00:56:49,240 LIVES OF INDIVIDUALS. 1315 00:56:49,240 --> 00:56:50,400 THERE'S NORMS AND LAWS AROUND 1316 00:56:50,400 --> 00:56:51,680 PRIVACY COLLECTING AND IT'S 1317 00:56:51,680 --> 00:56:53,840 DIFFICULT TO KEEP UP EVEN FOR 1318 00:56:53,840 --> 00:56:55,680 THOSE DEEPLY STEEPED IN PRIVACY 1319 00:56:55,680 --> 00:56:58,080 LITERATURE AND NORMS FOR 1320 00:56:58,080 --> 00:57:00,080 RESEARCHERS TO KEEP UP WITH THE 1321 00:57:00,080 --> 00:57:00,800 CHANGING REQUIREMENTS WITH 1322 00:57:00,800 --> 00:57:01,880 RESPECT TO THE COLLECTION, 1323 00:57:01,880 --> 00:57:04,040 PROCESSING AND STORAGE OF DATA 1324 00:57:04,040 --> 00:57:08,120 IS A CHALLENGE. 1325 00:57:08,120 --> 00:57:18,400 AND THE PRIVATE-PUBLIC 1326 00:57:18,400 --> 00:57:20,240 PARTNERSHIPS AND THOSE WHO HAVE 1327 00:57:20,240 --> 00:57:20,840 DIFFERENT REQUIREMENTS WITH 1328 00:57:20,840 --> 00:57:24,360 RESPECT TO DATA MANAGEMENTS AND 1329 00:57:24,360 --> 00:57:28,600 WHO HAVE INCENTIVES THAT MAY 1330 00:57:28,600 --> 00:57:30,320 VIOLATE THE NORMS WITH RESPECT 1331 00:57:30,320 --> 00:57:31,360 TO THE INVESTIGATORS, VIS A VIS 1332 00:57:31,360 --> 00:57:32,880 THE PARTICIPANTS. 1333 00:57:32,880 --> 00:57:34,880 THE SECOND CATEGORY IS INFORMED 1334 00:57:34,880 --> 00:57:35,280 CONSENT. 1335 00:57:35,280 --> 00:57:36,560 THIS IS ALWAYS CHALLENGING AND A 1336 00:57:36,560 --> 00:57:38,320 CHALLENGE IN THIS AREA WHERE THE 1337 00:57:38,320 --> 00:57:42,360 RISK TO INDIVIDUALS FROM THE 1338 00:57:42,360 --> 00:57:44,640 AGGREGATION FROM THE DATA IS 1339 00:57:44,640 --> 00:57:49,120 CONSTANTLY EVOLVING AND HOW DO 1340 00:57:49,120 --> 00:57:50,440 YOU PERFORM CONSENT WHEN THE 1341 00:57:50,440 --> 00:57:52,400 RISK IS UNKNOWN IS CHALLENGING 1342 00:57:52,400 --> 00:57:54,800 WHETHER IT REQUIRES AN ONGOING 1343 00:57:54,800 --> 00:57:57,240 PROCESS OF CONSENT OR 1344 00:57:57,240 --> 00:57:58,680 TRANSPARENCY IN ORDER TO 1345 00:57:58,680 --> 00:57:59,800 MAINTAIN AND ESTABLISH TRUST 1346 00:57:59,800 --> 00:58:01,080 BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS AND TO 1347 00:58:01,080 --> 00:58:02,200 ENSURE PEOPLE FULLY UNDERSTAND 1348 00:58:02,200 --> 00:58:04,200 THE IMPLICATIONS OF 1349 00:58:04,200 --> 00:58:05,280 PARTICIPATING IN THE RESEARCH. 1350 00:58:05,280 --> 00:58:06,640 AND OF COURSE A WELL 1351 00:58:06,640 --> 00:58:09,760 CHARACTERIZED AREA IS THINKING 1352 00:58:09,760 --> 00:58:11,200 ABOUT THE PARTICULAR PATIENT 1353 00:58:11,200 --> 00:58:14,080 POPULATION IF YEAR ADDRESSING 1354 00:58:14,080 --> 00:58:16,280 PEOPLE WHO ALREADY HAVE MENTAL 1355 00:58:16,280 --> 00:58:18,600 DISEASE AND DIMINISHED CAPACITY 1356 00:58:18,600 --> 00:58:21,920 AND HOW WE GAIN CONSENT IN THOSE 1357 00:58:21,920 --> 00:58:22,200 CONTEXTS. 1358 00:58:22,200 --> 00:58:36,880 THE THIRD IS DUTY TO ACT AND WE 1359 00:58:36,880 --> 00:58:38,480 ADOPTED BEST PRACTICES AND 1360 00:58:38,480 --> 00:58:39,840 THERE'S ACCOUNTS FOR 1361 00:58:39,840 --> 00:58:41,480 ACCOUNTABILITY AND BREACHES OF 1362 00:58:41,480 --> 00:58:41,920 DATA. 1363 00:58:41,920 --> 00:58:44,760 DUTIES TO ACT AND INTERVENE MA 1364 00:58:44,760 --> 00:58:46,480 THEY MAY ARISE. 1365 00:58:46,480 --> 00:58:47,720 AS YOU LEARN A PERSON MAY POSE A 1366 00:58:47,720 --> 00:58:49,600 HARM TO THEMSELVES OR OTHERS, 1367 00:58:49,600 --> 00:58:53,680 HOW SOON, HOW EARLY AND TO WHOM 1368 00:58:53,680 --> 00:58:55,240 NOTIFICATION IS REQUIRED AND 1369 00:58:55,240 --> 00:58:55,800 COMPLEXITY QUESTIONS ABOUT 1370 00:58:55,800 --> 00:58:59,080 RETURN OF RESEARCH RESULTS 1371 00:58:59,080 --> 00:59:00,800 PARTICULARLY AS MACHINE 1372 00:59:00,800 --> 00:59:02,800 LEARNING, ALGORITHMS ARE USED TO 1373 00:59:02,800 --> 00:59:05,720 ANALYZE WHAT ARE RIGHT NOW A LOT 1374 00:59:05,720 --> 00:59:07,920 OF UNKNOWN ASSOCIATIONS. 1375 00:59:07,920 --> 00:59:09,000 HOW GOOD DOES THE FIDELITY OF 1376 00:59:09,000 --> 00:59:10,640 THE INSIGHTS NEED TO BE AND HOW 1377 00:59:10,640 --> 00:59:11,880 GOOD DOES THE INSIGHT NEED TO BE 1378 00:59:11,880 --> 00:59:13,200 BEFORE YOU ACT AND BEFORE YOU 1379 00:59:13,200 --> 00:59:17,280 HAVE A DUTY TO RETURN RESEARCH 1380 00:59:17,280 --> 00:59:19,240 RESULTS AND HOW ROBUST DO THE 1381 00:59:19,240 --> 00:59:20,280 RESULTS NEED TO BE BEFORE WE 1382 00:59:20,280 --> 00:59:22,960 THINK IT NEEDS TO BE RETURNED TO 1383 00:59:22,960 --> 00:59:24,720 THE INDIVIDUALS. 1384 00:59:24,720 --> 00:59:28,240 IN ADDITION WITH THE MULTI-MODAL 1385 00:59:28,240 --> 00:59:29,280 SENSORS BEING EMPLOYED THERE'S 1386 00:59:29,280 --> 00:59:31,360 ADDITIONAL INCIDENTAL FINDINGS 1387 00:59:31,360 --> 00:59:33,240 ONE COULD FIND EASILY IS THEIR 1388 00:59:33,240 --> 00:59:35,640 DUTY TO SEARCH FOR, IDENTIFY AND 1389 00:59:35,640 --> 00:59:38,040 NOTIFY THE PARTICIPANTS ABOUT 1390 00:59:38,040 --> 00:59:38,720 THOSE PARTICULAR RISKS. 1391 00:59:38,720 --> 00:59:40,720 THE LAST IS CATEGORY OF NOVEL 1392 00:59:40,720 --> 00:59:41,160 RISK. 1393 00:59:41,160 --> 00:59:43,160 ONLY A FEW OF WHICH I'LL 1394 00:59:43,160 --> 00:59:44,440 ENUMERATE HERE. 1395 00:59:44,440 --> 00:59:47,560 THESE ARE POTENTIAL RISKS OF 1396 00:59:47,560 --> 00:59:51,520 STIGMATIZATION THROUGH 1397 00:59:51,520 --> 00:59:52,080 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 1398 00:59:52,080 --> 00:59:54,240 DIFFERENT DEEP PHENOTYPES THAT 1399 00:59:54,240 --> 00:59:55,200 MAY BE IDENTIFIED. 1400 00:59:55,200 --> 00:59:56,760 SCIENTIFIC CATEGORIZATIONS OF 1401 00:59:56,760 --> 00:59:59,880 INDIVIDUALS CAN REINFORCE BIAS, 1402 00:59:59,880 --> 01:00:01,080 CREATE JUSTIFICATIONS FOR 1403 01:00:01,080 --> 01:00:01,640 DISCRIMINATION AGAINST 1404 01:00:01,640 --> 01:00:02,880 PARTICULAR GROUPS AND BE HARMFUL 1405 01:00:02,880 --> 01:00:05,200 TO THE GROUPS MOST LIKELY 1406 01:00:05,200 --> 01:00:08,320 ALREADY TO BE TARGETED BY THE 1407 01:00:08,320 --> 01:00:10,360 RESEARCH BUT ALSO CAN BE HELPED 1408 01:00:10,360 --> 01:00:13,160 BY CHARACTERIZING MENTAL DISEASE 1409 01:00:13,160 --> 01:00:15,680 AND DEFECTS INFORMED BY THE 1410 01:00:15,680 --> 01:00:16,680 PHENOTYPING UNDERTAKEN AND ONE 1411 01:00:16,680 --> 01:00:19,160 ADDITIONAL PIECE IS THE 1412 01:00:19,160 --> 01:00:22,080 NORMALIZATION OF TECHNOLOGY AND 1413 01:00:22,080 --> 01:00:26,360 SURVEILLANCE THIS KIND OF 1414 01:00:26,360 --> 01:00:29,640 RESEARCH ENTAILS AND AS WE START 1415 01:00:29,640 --> 01:00:31,600 NORMALIZING THE TRACKING OF 1416 01:00:31,600 --> 01:00:34,320 BRAIN WAVE ATTACKING AND ENG 1417 01:00:34,320 --> 01:00:37,200 ACTIVITY CAN LEAD TO A 1418 01:00:37,200 --> 01:00:40,880 NORMALIZATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF 1419 01:00:40,880 --> 01:00:46,080 AN AREA WE HAVE NOT CEDED WITH 1420 01:00:46,080 --> 01:00:48,840 RESPECT TO PRIVACY AND ONCE WE 1421 01:00:48,840 --> 01:00:54,400 RECOGNIZE WHAT THE ETHICAL 1422 01:00:54,400 --> 01:00:58,440 ISSUES ARE WE HAVE TO CONSIDER 1423 01:00:58,440 --> 01:01:00,360 AND ENSURE WE'RE ENGAGING 1424 01:01:00,360 --> 01:01:01,480 STAKEHOLDERS AND ASK WHO IS 1425 01:01:01,480 --> 01:01:03,160 IMPACTED BY THE RESEARCH AND ARE 1426 01:01:03,160 --> 01:01:05,480 THE FULL SET OF STAKEHOLDERS 1427 01:01:05,480 --> 01:01:06,720 ENGAGED THROUGHOUT THE PROCESS. 1428 01:01:06,720 --> 01:01:10,280 THIS MEANS MAKING SURE PATIENTS, 1429 01:01:10,280 --> 01:01:10,960 PATIENT ADVOCACY GROUPS ARE AT 1430 01:01:10,960 --> 01:01:14,280 THE TABLE AND THE FAMILIES OF 1431 01:01:14,280 --> 01:01:16,720 INDIVIDUALS WHO WILL BE PART OF 1432 01:01:16,720 --> 01:01:18,600 A BROADER SURVEILLANCE KIND OF 1433 01:01:18,600 --> 01:01:19,680 RESEARCH ACTIVITY BECAUSE 1434 01:01:19,680 --> 01:01:21,240 THEY'RE PRIVACY IS ALSO 1435 01:01:21,240 --> 01:01:21,520 IMPLICATED. 1436 01:01:21,520 --> 01:01:25,160 SO TOO IS THE SOCIAL NETWORK OF 1437 01:01:25,160 --> 01:01:27,920 THE PARTICIPANTS MEANING A 1438 01:01:27,920 --> 01:01:30,080 BROADER SET OF INDIVIDUALS 1439 01:01:30,080 --> 01:01:31,640 SHOULD BE AT THE TABLE 1440 01:01:31,640 --> 01:01:33,000 EXPRESSING WHAT THE RIGHT 1441 01:01:33,000 --> 01:01:35,160 PRIVACY PROTECT TO MAKE SURE 1442 01:01:35,160 --> 01:01:43,640 THERE'S NOT INCIDENT AL VIOLATION 1443 01:01:43,640 --> 01:01:44,760 OF PRIVACY AND SHOULD INCLUDE 1444 01:01:44,760 --> 01:01:46,080 RESEARCHERS AND THE 1445 01:01:46,080 --> 01:01:47,040 TECHNOLOGISTS DEVELOPING SENSORS 1446 01:01:47,040 --> 01:01:50,040 AND THE SCIENTISTS AND OTHER 1447 01:01:50,040 --> 01:01:51,880 EXPERTS AND A BROADER SET THAN 1448 01:01:51,880 --> 01:01:54,400 JUST THE PEOPLE WHO ARE THE 1449 01:01:54,400 --> 01:01:55,560 PRIMARY INVESTIGATORS 1450 01:01:55,560 --> 01:01:56,960 UNDERTAKING THE STUDIES. 1451 01:01:56,960 --> 01:01:59,680 REGULATORY BODIES FROM THE 1452 01:01:59,680 --> 01:02:00,400 INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS TO 1453 01:02:00,400 --> 01:02:03,480 BROADER ONES THINKING ABOUT DATA 1454 01:02:03,480 --> 01:02:05,080 PRIVACY AND MANAGEMENT OUGHT TO 1455 01:02:05,080 --> 01:02:06,760 BE ENGAGED. 1456 01:02:06,760 --> 01:02:09,120 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PARTNERS NEED 1457 01:02:09,120 --> 01:02:13,040 TO BE AT THE TABLE ENSURING THE 1458 01:02:13,040 --> 01:02:14,400 CORPORATE SPONSORS HAVE A VOICE 1459 01:02:14,400 --> 01:02:17,480 AND UNDERSTANDING HOW THEIR 1460 01:02:17,480 --> 01:02:19,960 TECHNOLOGY IS BEING DEPLOYED IN 1461 01:02:19,960 --> 01:02:21,720 A CONTEXT LIKE THIS AND MAKE 1462 01:02:21,720 --> 01:02:23,560 SURE WE HAVE A FULL AND 1463 01:02:23,560 --> 01:02:25,520 ITERATIVE SET THAT'S ENGAGED. 1464 01:02:25,520 --> 01:02:27,160 AND RECOGNIZE THIS IS OCCURRING 1465 01:02:27,160 --> 01:02:30,960 IN A BROADER ETHICAL AND 1466 01:02:30,960 --> 01:02:32,240 REGULATORY CONTEXT. 1467 01:02:32,240 --> 01:02:33,720 THE ISSUES ARE FAR FROM UNIQUE 1468 01:02:33,720 --> 01:02:35,640 TO THIS CONTEXT. 1469 01:02:35,640 --> 01:02:37,240 WHAT'S UNIQUE ABOUT THE CONTEXT 1470 01:02:37,240 --> 01:02:38,680 IS LAYERING IN BOTH THE 1471 01:02:38,680 --> 01:02:41,920 ADDITIONAL CONTEXT OF NEURAL 1472 01:02:41,920 --> 01:02:43,680 DATA BUT ALSO PUTTING IT INTO 1473 01:02:43,680 --> 01:02:49,200 THE CONTEXT OF MENTAL DISEASE, 1474 01:02:49,200 --> 01:02:50,120 MENTAL DISORDERS AND 1475 01:02:50,120 --> 01:02:51,320 CHARACTERIZING THE BRAINS OF 1476 01:02:51,320 --> 01:02:51,640 INDIVIDUALS. 1477 01:02:51,640 --> 01:02:54,400 THAT'S A MORE SENSITIVE AREA 1478 01:02:54,400 --> 01:02:56,400 BECAUSE PEOPLE MUCH MORE 1479 01:02:56,400 --> 01:02:59,400 IDENTIFIED THEMSELVES WITH THE 1480 01:02:59,400 --> 01:03:00,800 BRAINS THAN WITH ANY OTHER DATA 1481 01:03:00,800 --> 01:03:02,400 SET BEING COLLECTED IN SOCIETY. 1482 01:03:02,400 --> 01:03:03,800 SO WHAT DO WE DO FROM HERE AND 1483 01:03:03,800 --> 01:03:07,200 HOW DO WE PROCEED? 1484 01:03:07,200 --> 01:03:09,240 THERE ARE ALREADY STEPS IN THE 1485 01:03:09,240 --> 01:03:10,880 COMMUNITY TO TRY TO CHARACTERIZE 1486 01:03:10,880 --> 01:03:13,200 WHAT THE NEXT STEPS OUGHT TO BE. 1487 01:03:13,200 --> 01:03:16,160 I CALL OUT AGAIN THIS PAPER 1488 01:03:16,160 --> 01:03:19,120 DISCUSSED YESTERDAY AN ETHICS 1489 01:03:19,120 --> 01:03:21,320 CHECKLIST FOR DIGITAL HEALTH 1490 01:03:21,320 --> 01:03:24,120 RESEARCH IN SOCIETY AND IT'S AN 1491 01:03:24,120 --> 01:03:25,120 ETHICS CHECKLIST BY ASKING 1492 01:03:25,120 --> 01:03:25,760 RESEARCHERS TO THINK ABOUT THE 1493 01:03:25,760 --> 01:03:27,600 SET OF QUESTIONS OR AT LEAST A 1494 01:03:27,600 --> 01:03:29,400 STARTING SET OF QUESTIONS TO 1495 01:03:29,400 --> 01:03:32,080 THINK ABOUT THESE ISSUES. 1496 01:03:32,080 --> 01:03:33,200 I WOULD ARGUE THERE'S A BROADER 1497 01:03:33,200 --> 01:03:35,640 SET OF QUESTIONS SOME OF WHICH I 1498 01:03:35,640 --> 01:03:37,960 TOUCHED UPON HERE SHOULD BE 1499 01:03:37,960 --> 01:03:43,680 ASKED AND A BROADER SET OF 1500 01:03:43,680 --> 01:03:46,440 STAKERS NEED TO PROCEED IN A 1501 01:03:46,440 --> 01:03:49,760 THOUGHTFUL WAY AND TAKE A MORE 1502 01:03:49,760 --> 01:03:50,440 PARSIMONIOUS APPROACH TO WHAT 1503 01:03:50,440 --> 01:03:52,760 DATA IS BEING COLLECTED AND 1504 01:03:52,760 --> 01:03:54,280 RECOGNIZE THERE'S CERTAIN KINDS 1505 01:03:54,280 --> 01:03:56,040 OF DATA THAT MAY BE MORE 1506 01:03:56,040 --> 01:03:57,320 SENSITIVE THAN WE THINK AND 1507 01:03:57,320 --> 01:03:58,400 VALUABLE AT THIS JUNCTURE IN THE 1508 01:03:58,400 --> 01:03:58,880 RESEARCH. 1509 01:03:58,880 --> 01:04:00,600 THE SECOND IS MAKING SURE WE 1510 01:04:00,600 --> 01:04:02,400 HAVE STAKEHOLDERS ENGAGEMENTS 1511 01:04:02,400 --> 01:04:04,040 AND UNDERSTANDING THAT TO BE A 1512 01:04:04,040 --> 01:04:05,840 BROAD SET OF STAKEHOLDERS TO 1513 01:04:05,840 --> 01:04:07,680 UNDERSTAND AND TO USE AN 1514 01:04:07,680 --> 01:04:10,440 ITERATIVE PROCESS OF REFINING 1515 01:04:10,440 --> 01:04:12,360 APPROACHES AND MAYBE THERE'S NEW 1516 01:04:12,360 --> 01:04:13,880 TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS THAT 1517 01:04:13,880 --> 01:04:18,200 ENABLE US TO DO THINGS LIKE MINE 1518 01:04:18,200 --> 01:04:19,200 MISDATA STORAGE OR MINIMIZE DATA 1519 01:04:19,200 --> 01:04:21,080 BREACHES AND THAT ITERATIVE 1520 01:04:21,080 --> 01:04:22,400 PROCESS IS IMPORTANT TO BE ABLE 1521 01:04:22,400 --> 01:04:24,440 TO REFINE WHAT THE ETHICAL 1522 01:04:24,440 --> 01:04:25,480 LANDSCAPE SHOULD LOOK LIKE FOR 1523 01:04:25,480 --> 01:04:27,120 THE AREA OF RESEARCH. 1524 01:04:27,120 --> 01:04:29,840 DEVELOPING BEST PRACTICES FOR 1525 01:04:29,840 --> 01:04:31,200 DATA MANAGEMENT AND DATA PRIVACY 1526 01:04:31,200 --> 01:04:34,360 SHOULD OCCUR WITHIN THE BROADER 1527 01:04:34,360 --> 01:04:34,600 CONTEXT. 1528 01:04:34,600 --> 01:04:37,240 THE OLD OECD PRINCIPLES FOR HOW 1529 01:04:37,240 --> 01:04:39,160 TO THINK ABOUT DATA MANAGEMENT 1530 01:04:39,160 --> 01:04:40,560 AND STORAGE WHICH ARE MUCH MORE 1531 01:04:40,560 --> 01:04:42,440 GENERAL THAN THE CONTEXT WE'RE 1532 01:04:42,440 --> 01:04:46,440 TALKING ABOUT HERE GIVE US A 1533 01:04:46,440 --> 01:04:48,840 GOOD STARTING POINT AND SHOW 1534 01:04:48,840 --> 01:04:50,840 NEURAL DATA OR THE DATA BEING 1535 01:04:50,840 --> 01:04:52,920 QUANTIFIED AND AGGREGATED AND 1536 01:04:52,920 --> 01:04:56,040 ANALYZED IN THE CONTEXT IS PART 1537 01:04:56,040 --> 01:04:56,880 OF A MACHINE BROADER 1538 01:04:56,880 --> 01:04:58,440 CONVERSATION AND THERE'S BEST 1539 01:04:58,440 --> 01:04:59,880 PRACTICES WE CAN DRAW FROM. 1540 01:04:59,880 --> 01:05:07,200 I'LL SAY AGAIN ANTICIPATE AND 1541 01:05:07,200 --> 01:05:08,800 ITERA 1542 01:05:08,800 --> 01:05:09,680 ITERATE. 1543 01:05:09,680 --> 01:05:12,400 IT REQUIRES VIGILANCE IN 1544 01:05:12,400 --> 01:05:13,080 UNDERSTANDING WHAT WE LEARN THAT 1545 01:05:13,080 --> 01:05:15,800 REQUIRES US TO DO THINGS LIKE 1546 01:05:15,800 --> 01:05:16,880 REFINE INFORMED CONSENT, REFINE 1547 01:05:16,880 --> 01:05:22,320 WHAT THE PROCESSES ARE FOR BOTH 1548 01:05:22,320 --> 01:05:23,600 IMMIGRATION AGGREGATION AND 1549 01:05:23,600 --> 01:05:25,720 ANALYSIS AND DUTIES TO WARN, 1550 01:05:25,720 --> 01:05:26,320 ETCETERA. 1551 01:05:26,320 --> 01:05:32,120 WE HAVE TO ACT IN THE FACE OF 1552 01:05:32,120 --> 01:05:32,440 UNCERTAINTY. 1553 01:05:32,440 --> 01:05:34,400 AND THERE'S A LOT OF UNCERTAINTY 1554 01:05:34,400 --> 01:05:35,680 WITH RESPECT TO THE RISK AND 1555 01:05:35,680 --> 01:05:37,280 THAT'S TRUE BUT I WOULD SAY 1556 01:05:37,280 --> 01:05:39,440 TAKING A PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE 1557 01:05:39,440 --> 01:05:41,880 TO THIS KIND OF RESEARCH IS ILL 1558 01:05:41,880 --> 01:05:43,880 ADVISED IN LIGHT OF THE GLOBAL 1559 01:05:43,880 --> 01:05:45,000 BURDEN WE ARE FACING WITH 1560 01:05:45,000 --> 01:05:47,400 RESPECT TO MENTAL DISEASE AND IN 1561 01:05:47,400 --> 01:05:49,960 LIGHT OF HOW LITTLE WE KNOW 1562 01:05:49,960 --> 01:05:52,520 BASED ON A NATURALISTIC 1563 01:05:52,520 --> 01:05:54,440 UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR 1564 01:05:54,440 --> 01:05:56,680 AND NATURALISTIC STUDY OF HUMAN 1565 01:05:56,680 --> 01:05:57,480 BEHAVIOR IN THE BRAIN IN THE 1566 01:05:57,480 --> 01:06:01,080 FACE OF UNCERTAINTY WE HAVE TO 1567 01:06:01,080 --> 01:06:03,040 ACT IN AS CAREFUL AS A WAY 1568 01:06:03,040 --> 01:06:04,720 POSSIBLE WHICH MEANS NOT GOING 1569 01:06:04,720 --> 01:06:06,280 FOR THE LARGER DATA GRABS OF 1570 01:06:06,280 --> 01:06:08,000 GETTING ANY KIND OF DATA AND 1571 01:06:08,000 --> 01:06:12,720 CONTEXT BUT TRYING TO BE 1572 01:06:12,720 --> 01:06:13,360 TARGETED IN THE EARLIER STAGES 1573 01:06:13,360 --> 01:06:16,520 OF THE RESEARCH. 1574 01:06:16,520 --> 01:06:18,240 AND FINALLY FOLLOW THROUGH WITH 1575 01:06:18,240 --> 01:06:19,680 PRUDENT VIGILANCE. 1576 01:06:19,680 --> 01:06:21,680 THIS IS PROBABLY THE MOST 1577 01:06:21,680 --> 01:06:23,760 IMPORTANT ASPECT OF CONTINUING 1578 01:06:23,760 --> 01:06:26,200 TO HAVE AN ETHICAL APPROACH 1579 01:06:26,200 --> 01:06:26,480 RESEARCH. 1580 01:06:26,480 --> 01:06:27,600 WE'LL LEARN MORE AT EVERY STEP 1581 01:06:27,600 --> 01:06:29,640 OF THE PROCESS WHICH MEANS WE 1582 01:06:29,640 --> 01:06:32,320 NEED TO CONTINUE TO ANTICIPATE, 1583 01:06:32,320 --> 01:06:34,680 ITERATE AND KEEP OUR EYES OUT 1584 01:06:34,680 --> 01:06:35,560 FOR WHAT WE'RE SEEING AND 1585 01:06:35,560 --> 01:06:39,600 LEARNING AND WHERE TO REFINE AND 1586 01:06:39,600 --> 01:06:40,480 IMPROVE THE PROCESS WHICH MEANS 1587 01:06:40,480 --> 01:06:42,280 A CONTINUAL PROCESS OF ENGAGING 1588 01:06:42,280 --> 01:06:43,040 STAKEHOLDERS AND UNDERSTANDING 1589 01:06:43,040 --> 01:06:44,600 WHAT WE'RE LEARNING, SEEING WHAT 1590 01:06:44,600 --> 01:06:47,680 THE IMPLICATIONS AN IMPACT AND 1591 01:06:47,680 --> 01:06:49,240 TRYING TO ADDRESS MISUSE THAT 1592 01:06:49,240 --> 01:06:49,840 MAY ARISE. 1593 01:06:49,840 --> 01:06:50,480 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION. 1594 01:06:50,480 --> 01:06:51,880 I LOOK FORWARD TO ANY QUESTIONS 1595 01:06:51,880 --> 01:06:54,440 AND FURTHER ENGAGEMENT ON THE 1596 01:06:54,440 --> 01:06:57,080 CONVERSATION. 1597 01:06:57,080 --> 01:06:59,680 >> THANK YOU, SO MUCH, NITA. 1598 01:06:59,680 --> 01:07:01,240 WE HAVE INTERESTING COMMENTS AND 1599 01:07:01,240 --> 01:07:03,680 QUESTIONS IN THE CHAT. 1600 01:07:03,680 --> 01:07:05,200 AND I'M GOING TO CHALLENGE US TO 1601 01:07:05,200 --> 01:07:07,360 TAKE THEM UP IN THE BREAK OUT 1602 01:07:07,360 --> 01:07:08,760 SESSIONS BECAUSE THEY'RE 1603 01:07:08,760 --> 01:07:10,440 PROBABLY GOING TO HAVE LONG 1604 01:07:10,440 --> 01:07:12,160 ANSWERS BUT I'LL HIGHLIGHT A 1605 01:07:12,160 --> 01:07:13,560 COUPLE OF THEM. 1606 01:07:13,560 --> 01:07:16,240 IN THE Q&A, WE HAVE A QUESTION 1607 01:07:16,240 --> 01:07:19,080 ON IS THERE A GAP BETWEEN 1608 01:07:19,080 --> 01:07:21,960 ENGINEERING AND THE BIOMEDICAL 1609 01:07:21,960 --> 01:07:23,480 ETHICS THE NEURAL TECHNOLOGIES 1610 01:07:23,480 --> 01:07:26,080 WOULD REQUIRE OR APPEAR TO 1611 01:07:26,080 --> 01:07:26,360 GENERATE? 1612 01:07:26,360 --> 01:07:27,520 I THINK THAT'S MUCH OF WHAT YOU 1613 01:07:27,520 --> 01:07:30,440 TALKED ABOUT AND THE ANSWER IS 1614 01:07:30,440 --> 01:07:34,040 YES THERE'S WAYS TO GO FORWARD 1615 01:07:34,040 --> 01:07:36,120 WITH THAT. 1616 01:07:36,120 --> 01:07:37,760 JUSTIN BAKER IN THE CHAT OFFERED 1617 01:07:37,760 --> 01:07:40,240 OR ASKED ABOUT DETERMINING WHAT 1618 01:07:40,240 --> 01:07:44,320 IS ACCEPTABLY INTRUSIVE IN AN 1619 01:07:44,320 --> 01:07:46,440 ETHICAL FRAMEWORK AND HOW DO WE 1620 01:07:46,440 --> 01:07:47,480 DEAL WITH THE FACT MANY 1621 01:07:47,480 --> 01:07:49,280 BEHAVIORS HAVE BEEN DISRUPTIVE 1622 01:07:49,280 --> 01:07:54,000 IN HUMANS AND ARE SOCIALLY AND 1623 01:07:54,000 --> 01:07:55,000 CULTURALLY NORMD 1624 01:07:55,000 --> 01:07:58,080 CULTURALLY NORMED AND PRIVATE. 1625 01:07:58,080 --> 01:08:00,960 EVEN IF THEY'RE BIOLOGICALLY 1626 01:08:00,960 --> 01:08:04,080 NORMAL DOESN'T IT POSE A RISK 1627 01:08:04,080 --> 01:08:06,200 FOR EXPLORING ACTUAL BEHAVIORAL 1628 01:08:06,200 --> 01:08:08,480 NORMS AROUND BEHAVIORS IN 1629 01:08:08,480 --> 01:08:10,080 PRINCIPLE EASIER TO CAPTURE AND 1630 01:08:10,080 --> 01:08:11,760 CHARACTERIZE AROUND SPECIES. 1631 01:08:11,760 --> 01:08:15,720 WHO GETS TO DECIDE WHAT'S 1632 01:08:15,720 --> 01:08:16,400 ACCEPTABLY INTRUSIVE? 1633 01:08:16,400 --> 01:08:17,880 >> THESE ARE GREAT QUESTIONS. 1634 01:08:17,880 --> 01:08:19,680 LET ME START BY THE QUESTION OF 1635 01:08:19,680 --> 01:08:25,880 WHETHER OR NOT THERE'S A GAP. 1636 01:08:25,880 --> 01:08:26,840 INTERESTING 1637 01:08:26,840 --> 01:08:29,200 INTERESTINGLY A LOT OF 1638 01:08:29,200 --> 01:08:30,400 ENGINEERING ETHICS DRAWS FROM 1639 01:08:30,400 --> 01:08:33,760 BIOMEDICAL ETHICS AND LOOKING AT 1640 01:08:33,760 --> 01:08:38,080 THE DIFFERENT ENGINEERING ETHICS 1641 01:08:38,080 --> 01:08:39,680 ORGANIZATIONS OR A.I. ETHICS 1642 01:08:39,680 --> 01:08:41,520 ORGANIZATIONS DRAW ON THE SAME 1643 01:08:41,520 --> 01:08:44,480 PRINCIPLES BUT NOT RECOGNIZING 1644 01:08:44,480 --> 01:08:46,480 WHAT THE ORIGINATING TEXT OR 1645 01:08:46,480 --> 01:08:47,320 CONTEXT WAS. 1646 01:08:47,320 --> 01:08:50,320 YOU SEE A TRADITIONAL IN 1647 01:08:50,320 --> 01:08:51,760 BIOMEDICAL ETHICS IN WELL KNOWN 1648 01:08:51,760 --> 01:08:53,200 TEXT AND APPROACHES TO 1649 01:08:53,200 --> 01:08:55,680 PRINCIPLES OF ETHICS AND 1650 01:08:55,680 --> 01:08:57,120 FRAMEWORKS FOR ETHICS WHEREAS I 1651 01:08:57,120 --> 01:09:00,960 THINK A LOT OF TIMES WHAT I'M 1652 01:09:00,960 --> 01:09:03,240 SEEING IS A FEELING OF 1653 01:09:03,240 --> 01:09:05,360 RE-INVENTING THE WHEEL IN 1654 01:09:05,360 --> 01:09:05,680 ENGINEERING. 1655 01:09:05,680 --> 01:09:10,440 AND I THINK THAT SPEAKS TO THE 1656 01:09:10,440 --> 01:09:11,880 COMPLEX INTERDISCIPLINARY NATURE 1657 01:09:11,880 --> 01:09:14,720 OF BIOMEDICAL ETHICS TO BEGIN 1658 01:09:14,720 --> 01:09:21,840 WITH AND SIT DRAWING FROM 1659 01:09:21,840 --> 01:09:25,240 PHILOSOPHY OR DRAWING FROM GREEK 1660 01:09:25,240 --> 01:09:28,680 FIS PHILOSOPHERS, ETCETERA. 1661 01:09:28,680 --> 01:09:30,400 THERE'S DIVERGENCE BUT I THINK 1662 01:09:30,400 --> 01:09:32,080 THERE'S A LOT OF COMMONALITY 1663 01:09:32,080 --> 01:09:32,680 THERE. 1664 01:09:32,680 --> 01:09:37,240 THE DIFFERENCE IN SOME WAYS 1665 01:09:37,240 --> 01:09:49,280 THOUGH IS BIOMEDICAL ETHICS AND 1666 01:09:49,280 --> 01:09:50,400 THERE'S MORE INFRASTRUCTURE OR 1667 01:09:50,400 --> 01:09:51,960 BROADER BASE SO IT MAY NOT BE 1668 01:09:51,960 --> 01:09:53,280 APPROACHING IN THE SAME WAY OF 1669 01:09:53,280 --> 01:09:54,800 SENSITIVITY AS THINKING WITH A 1670 01:09:54,800 --> 01:09:56,680 MORE GENERAL POPULATION. 1671 01:09:56,680 --> 01:10:00,480 ALL THIS IS HUGE GENERALITIES TO 1672 01:10:00,480 --> 01:10:02,680 SAY THERE MAY BE APPLICATIONS 1673 01:10:02,680 --> 01:10:04,760 FROM TECHNOLOGIES ENGINEER 1674 01:10:04,760 --> 01:10:06,400 UNANTICIPATED IN THE HEALTH 1675 01:10:06,400 --> 01:10:08,160 CONTEXT LIKE THIS ONE MORE 1676 01:10:08,160 --> 01:10:09,480 SENSITIVE AND HAVEN'T BEEN BUILT 1677 01:10:09,480 --> 01:10:10,480 IN BY DESIGN INTO THE 1678 01:10:10,480 --> 01:10:14,480 TECHNOLOGIES ITSELF AND A 1679 01:10:14,480 --> 01:10:16,400 CONVERSATION AND ITERATIVE 1680 01:10:16,400 --> 01:10:19,160 CONVERSATION MAY HELP US 1681 01:10:19,160 --> 01:10:19,520 CONTEXTUALIZE. 1682 01:10:19,520 --> 01:10:21,920 WITH WHO GETS TO DECIDE WHAT'S 1683 01:10:21,920 --> 01:10:26,400 INTRUSIVE AND PRIVATE THERE'S 1684 01:10:26,400 --> 01:10:29,480 BEEN DEFINITIONS OF PRIVATE AND 1685 01:10:29,480 --> 01:10:31,360 THOSE DEFINED AS PRIVATE ARE 1686 01:10:31,360 --> 01:10:34,360 OFTEN WITHIN THE HOME OR HIDDEN 1687 01:10:34,360 --> 01:10:35,720 OR PEOPLE TRY TO SHIELD OTHERS 1688 01:10:35,720 --> 01:10:36,600 FROM. 1689 01:10:36,600 --> 01:10:38,920 THERE'S A CULTURAL NORM FOR 1690 01:10:38,920 --> 01:10:40,880 TRYING TO SHIELD OR AVERT THE 1691 01:10:40,880 --> 01:10:42,640 EYES OF OTHERS AND KEEP TO A 1692 01:10:42,640 --> 01:10:45,480 SMALLER ENCLAVE. 1693 01:10:45,480 --> 01:10:46,720 THAT'S CULTURALLY TRUE ACROSS 1694 01:10:46,720 --> 01:10:49,560 MOST OF HISTORY AND MOST 1695 01:10:49,560 --> 01:10:49,800 CONTEXT. 1696 01:10:49,800 --> 01:10:51,400 ALL THAT BEING SAID, THAT'S PART 1697 01:10:51,400 --> 01:10:53,960 OF WHY STAKEHOLDERS WHO HAVE TO 1698 01:10:53,960 --> 01:10:56,360 BE ENGAGED AND THAT INCLUDES AND 1699 01:10:56,360 --> 01:10:57,840 I EMPHASIZE NOT JUST THE 1700 01:10:57,840 --> 01:10:59,960 RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS THEMSELVES 1701 01:10:59,960 --> 01:11:01,680 BUT THE OTHER OF WHOM THE DATA 1702 01:11:01,680 --> 01:11:03,240 IS BEING COLLECTED. 1703 01:11:03,240 --> 01:11:04,360 THE FAMILIES IN WHICH THEY ARISE 1704 01:11:04,360 --> 01:11:06,320 AND THE SOCIAL CONTEXT IN WHICH 1705 01:11:06,320 --> 01:11:09,200 THOSE TYPES OF BEHAVIORS ARE 1706 01:11:09,200 --> 01:11:10,400 BEING COLLECTED BECAUSE IT 1707 01:11:10,400 --> 01:11:11,880 MATTERS BUT THOSE PEOPLE HAVE 1708 01:11:11,880 --> 01:11:14,280 NOT OPTED INTO BEING PART OF THE 1709 01:11:14,280 --> 01:11:15,440 STUDY AND A LOT OF DATA ABOUT 1710 01:11:15,440 --> 01:11:17,040 THEM IS ALSO BEING COLLECTED. 1711 01:11:17,040 --> 01:11:19,200 BUT STAKEHOLDERS ULTIMATELY GET 1712 01:11:19,200 --> 01:11:20,720 TO DECIDE BECAUSE THEY'RE THE 1713 01:11:20,720 --> 01:11:22,360 ONES WHO ARE PART OF THE 1714 01:11:22,360 --> 01:11:22,880 PROCESS. 1715 01:11:22,880 --> 01:11:29,760 THEY'RE THE ONES WHO HELP TO DIE 1716 01:11:29,760 --> 01:11:33,080 FINE -- DEFINE IT AND HELP US 1717 01:11:33,080 --> 01:11:37,240 ARRIVE AT A SET OF NORMS TO 1718 01:11:37,240 --> 01:11:38,480 GARNER THE TRUST AND THE GOOD 1719 01:11:38,480 --> 01:11:39,840 WILL OF THE PEOPLE WHO ARE PART 1720 01:11:39,840 --> 01:11:40,920 OF IT. 1721 01:11:40,920 --> 01:11:42,800 SO I DON'T GET TO DECIDE THOUGH 1722 01:11:42,800 --> 01:11:45,760 I HOPE I'M A STAKEHOLDER AT THE 1723 01:11:45,760 --> 01:11:46,080 TABLE. 1724 01:11:46,080 --> 01:11:47,520 I THINK IT'S A MUCH BROADER SET 1725 01:11:47,520 --> 01:11:49,200 OF STAKEHOLDERS WHO HAVE TO 1726 01:11:49,200 --> 01:11:52,280 DECIDE. 1727 01:11:52,280 --> 01:11:53,280 >> THANKS. 1728 01:11:53,280 --> 01:11:53,560 MALCOLM. 1729 01:11:53,560 --> 01:11:56,720 >> YEAH, I HAVE A QUESTION 1730 01:11:56,720 --> 01:11:59,680 REGARDING THIS FRAMEWORK PRIVACY 1731 01:11:59,680 --> 01:12:00,680 INFORMED CONSENT. 1732 01:12:00,680 --> 01:12:03,440 I WONDER IF YOU WOULD ADD 1733 01:12:03,440 --> 01:12:06,400 WHETHER YOU THINK YOU MIGHT ADD 1734 01:12:06,400 --> 01:12:09,080 A CATEGORY THOUGH THIS MIGHT BE 1735 01:12:09,080 --> 01:12:10,400 SENSITIVE, NOVEL RESEARCH 1736 01:12:10,400 --> 01:12:10,760 OBLIGATIONS. 1737 01:12:10,760 --> 01:12:12,680 WHAT I'M THINK OF IS IF YOU 1738 01:12:12,680 --> 01:12:16,720 THINK ABOUT THE HISTORY OF THE 1739 01:12:16,720 --> 01:12:20,880 CATEGORIZATION OR DIAGNOSIS OF 1740 01:12:20,880 --> 01:12:24,520 AUTISM IT'S EVOLVED AND MORE 1741 01:12:24,520 --> 01:12:26,920 SCIENTIFIC NOW BUT ARGUABLY SOME 1742 01:12:26,920 --> 01:12:30,360 WOULD SAY PARTS OF THE DSM ARE 1743 01:12:30,360 --> 01:12:33,080 CAUSING ARM AND WOULD ARGUE FOR 1744 01:12:33,080 --> 01:12:37,240 A SCIENCE OR DATA-REVISION IT 1745 01:12:37,240 --> 01:12:42,400 AND WONDER WHETHER THERE'S MORAL 1746 01:12:42,400 --> 01:12:43,240 IMPERATIVES SUGGESTIVE OF WHAT 1747 01:12:43,240 --> 01:12:44,800 RESEARCH OUGHT TO BE DONE. 1748 01:12:44,800 --> 01:12:48,480 >> I THINK SO. 1749 01:12:48,480 --> 01:12:53,160 I THINK THAT WITHIN DUTIES TO 1750 01:12:53,160 --> 01:12:56,720 ACT, ETHICAL MANDATES TO ACTED 1751 01:12:56,720 --> 01:12:59,560 AND IT CREATES NEW 1752 01:12:59,560 --> 01:13:00,840 STIGMATIZIZATION IN CATEGORIES 1753 01:13:00,840 --> 01:13:03,840 AND BAKE IN BIASES WE MAY BE 1754 01:13:03,840 --> 01:13:05,520 LESS AWARE OF WHEN YOU START 1755 01:13:05,520 --> 01:13:06,280 USING MACHINE LEARNING 1756 01:13:06,280 --> 01:13:08,920 PARTICULARLY IF IT'S NOT 1757 01:13:08,920 --> 01:13:09,600 EXPLAINABLE A.I. FOR EXAMPLE 1758 01:13:09,600 --> 01:13:13,080 USING TO MAKE INFERENCES AND THE 1759 01:13:13,080 --> 01:13:15,200 INFERENCES START TO DRAW ON DIET 1760 01:13:15,200 --> 01:13:17,600 OR SOCIO ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES TO 1761 01:13:17,600 --> 01:13:18,240 CREATE CATEGORIZATIONS BECAUSE 1762 01:13:18,240 --> 01:13:20,720 IT'S PICK UP ON THINGS THAT ARE 1763 01:13:20,720 --> 01:13:22,400 CONSISTENT THAT MAY BE RED 1764 01:13:22,400 --> 01:13:24,000 HERRINGS. 1765 01:13:24,000 --> 01:13:25,960 THERE ARE RISKS OF NEW KINDS OF 1766 01:13:25,960 --> 01:13:27,160 CATEGORIES THAT CAN BE CREATED 1767 01:13:27,160 --> 01:13:29,880 THAT TRACK ALONG WITH ALL OF OUR 1768 01:13:29,880 --> 01:13:31,800 EXISTING BIASES AND STEREOTYPES. 1769 01:13:31,800 --> 01:13:34,240 I THINK THERE'S ABSOLUTELY A 1770 01:13:34,240 --> 01:13:35,280 DUTY TO CORRECT AND ACT AND ONE 1771 01:13:35,280 --> 01:13:37,240 THING I STARTED WITH WAS SAYING 1772 01:13:37,240 --> 01:13:39,000 NEW TECHNOLOGIES CAN IMPOSE UPON 1773 01:13:39,000 --> 01:13:41,960 US NEW DUTIES TO MAKE USE OF 1774 01:13:41,960 --> 01:13:45,280 THOSE TO CORRECT PREEXISTING 1775 01:13:45,280 --> 01:13:46,320 BIASES TO CORRECT PREEXISTING 1776 01:13:46,320 --> 01:13:48,480 LACK OF KNOWLEDGE AND GAPS IN 1777 01:13:48,480 --> 01:13:50,200 KNOWLEDGE AND TO ADDRESS AND TO 1778 01:13:50,200 --> 01:13:52,080 USE THAT TECHNOLOGY TO THE 1779 01:13:52,080 --> 01:13:54,200 BENEFIT OF SOCIETY. 1780 01:13:54,200 --> 01:13:57,040 AND THAT'S TO CORRECT AND 1781 01:13:57,040 --> 01:13:58,080 RECOGNIZE THE NOVEL RISK THAT 1782 01:13:58,080 --> 01:13:59,640 CREATES ESPECIALLY WHEN IT 1783 01:13:59,640 --> 01:14:02,840 EXISTS WITHIN A BLACK BOX. 1784 01:14:02,840 --> 01:14:03,440 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 1785 01:14:03,440 --> 01:14:04,680 I THINK WE'LL MOVE. 1786 01:14:04,680 --> 01:14:06,120 WE'RE JUST A FEW MINUTES BEHIND. 1787 01:14:06,120 --> 01:14:12,280 WE'LL ME OF ON TO THE MODERATED 1788 01:14:12,280 --> 01:14:15,800 BREAKOUT SESSIONS. 1789 01:14:15,800 --> 01:14:16,680 IF YOU CAN LOAD UP THE SLIDES 1790 01:14:16,680 --> 01:14:28,440 THAT GIVE US THE ORIENTATION. 1791 01:14:28,440 --> 01:14:31,160 I'M NOT SEEING THEM SO I'LL MOVE 1792 01:14:31,160 --> 01:14:33,840 ON BECAUSE I'M NOT SURE WE NEED 1793 01:14:33,840 --> 01:14:34,080 VISUALS. 1794 01:14:34,080 --> 01:14:47,480 I'LL NEED TO HAVE CONTROL. 1795 01:14:47,480 --> 01:14:53,920 WE HAVE TWO BREAKOUT SESSIONS 1796 01:14:53,920 --> 01:14:55,240 ONE ON PAIN AND CLINIC RESEARCH 1797 01:14:55,240 --> 01:15:00,760 AND ONE MORE FOCUSSED ON BASIC 1798 01:15:00,760 --> 01:15:03,160 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ABOUT 1799 01:15:03,160 --> 01:15:05,280 BEHAVIOR AND WE'LL CONCENTRATE 1800 01:15:05,280 --> 01:15:06,240 ON ADVANCING BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 1801 01:15:06,240 --> 01:15:08,280 ALONG THE LINES OF THE TALKS 1802 01:15:08,280 --> 01:15:08,680 TODAY. 1803 01:15:08,680 --> 01:15:13,680 THE BREAKOUT SESSIONS WILL BE 1804 01:15:13,680 --> 01:15:24,440 LED BY AYSEGUL GUNDDU Z AND 1805 01:15:24,440 --> 01:15:34,400 ANOTHER CO-LED BY KIM HOKE AND 1806 01:15:34,400 --> 01:15:44,880 TALMO PERIERRA AND WE WANT TO 1807 01:15:44,880 --> 01:15:46,120 RETHINK BEHAVIOR AND THE NEXT 1808 01:15:46,120 --> 01:15:48,880 BIG RESEARCH QUESTIONS TO ASK 1809 01:15:48,880 --> 01:15:49,560 ABOUT BEHAVIOR. 1810 01:15:49,560 --> 01:15:51,360 IN A PERFECT WORLD IF YOU CAN 1811 01:15:51,360 --> 01:15:53,840 ASK A QUESTION YOU ARE ARE NOT 1812 01:15:53,840 --> 01:15:55,480 ASKING NOW WHAT WOULD THEY BE 1813 01:15:55,480 --> 01:15:58,440 AND THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK TO 1814 01:15:58,440 --> 01:16:00,600 INTEGRATE IN COGNITIVE 1815 01:16:00,600 --> 01:16:02,440 NEUROSCIENCE AND SHOULD IT BE 1816 01:16:02,440 --> 01:16:06,040 INFORMED BY EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 1817 01:16:06,040 --> 01:16:07,600 AND HOW DOES BIO ENGINEERING 1818 01:16:07,600 --> 01:16:09,280 COME INTO IT AND WHAT DO WE NEED 1819 01:16:09,280 --> 01:16:10,440 TO INTEGRATE. 1820 01:16:10,440 --> 01:16:11,880 THE SECOND CATEGORY OR TOPIC 1821 01:16:11,880 --> 01:16:12,440 AREA ARE TOOLS. 1822 01:16:12,440 --> 01:16:18,400 WHAT ARE THE TOOLS WE HAVE WE 1823 01:16:18,400 --> 01:16:20,920 CAN ADAPT AND WHAT TOOLS DO WE 1824 01:16:20,920 --> 01:16:21,520 NEED? 1825 01:16:21,520 --> 01:16:23,080 SIMILARLY OR IN ADDITION TO 1826 01:16:23,080 --> 01:16:25,200 THAT, WHAT MODELLING APPROACHES 1827 01:16:25,200 --> 01:16:26,880 DO WE SEE WE'LL NEED? 1828 01:16:26,880 --> 01:16:28,200 WHERE DOES MODELLING NEED TO GO 1829 01:16:28,200 --> 01:16:29,320 TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS AND WHAT 1830 01:16:29,320 --> 01:16:30,880 ARE OTHER CHALLENGES AND 1831 01:16:30,880 --> 01:16:32,720 BARRIERS WE NEED TO ADDRESS 1832 01:16:32,720 --> 01:16:36,280 ALONG THE WAY AND THOSE WOULD 1833 01:16:36,280 --> 01:16:38,800 INCLUDE A WAY OF DOING NEW TEAM 1834 01:16:38,800 --> 01:16:40,600 SCIENCE THAT INVOLVES 1835 01:16:40,600 --> 01:16:42,040 MULTI-DISCIPLINARY TEAMS THAT 1836 01:16:42,040 --> 01:16:43,240 INTEGRATE DISCIPLINES WE DON'T 1837 01:16:43,240 --> 01:16:45,160 NORMALLY STHEET TABLE TOGETHER. 1838 01:16:45,160 --> 01:16:46,440 -- SEE AT THE TABLE TOGETHER. 1839 01:16:46,440 --> 01:16:48,880 MAYBE THINK ABOUT A NEW RESEARCH 1840 01:16:48,880 --> 01:16:50,480 ECO SYSTEM THE WAY PEOPLE 1841 01:16:50,480 --> 01:16:51,560 INTERACT ACROSS THE PUBLIC AND 1842 01:16:51,560 --> 01:16:56,360 PRIVATE SECTORS WOULD BE ANOTHER 1843 01:16:56,360 --> 01:16:59,360 IDEA AND AS NITA AND OTHERS HAVE 1844 01:16:59,360 --> 01:17:01,240 HIGHLIGHTED ALONG THE WAY AND 1845 01:17:01,240 --> 01:17:02,400 TIMOTHY, WHAT ARE THE ETHICAL 1846 01:17:02,400 --> 01:17:05,200 QUESTIONS AND PRINCIPLES WE NEED 1847 01:17:05,200 --> 01:17:07,560 TO WEAVE INTO THE PROCESS? 1848 01:17:07,560 --> 01:17:08,600 SO WE'LL MOVE NOW TO THOSE 1849 01:17:08,600 --> 01:17:15,680 BREAKOUT SESSIONS. 1850 01:17:15,680 --> 01:17:17,320 >>AT THIS 1851 01:17:17,320 --> 01:17:21,720 POINT OR AT THIS TAKE WE'RE 1852 01:17:21,720 --> 01:17:22,480 GOING TO GET SOME REPORT OUTS. 1853 01:17:22,480 --> 01:17:24,200 WE'VE ASKED EACH BREAKOUT GROUP 1854 01:17:24,200 --> 01:17:25,760 TO PREPARE A REPORT OUT TO 1855 01:17:25,760 --> 01:17:26,720 HIGHLIGHT IDEAS AND QUESTION 1856 01:17:26,720 --> 01:17:29,640 CAME UP THAT WERE GENERATED AS 1857 01:17:29,640 --> 01:17:32,080 PART OF THE BREAKOUT GROUPS. 1858 01:17:32,080 --> 01:17:34,880 EACH REPORT OUT WE BUDGETED 1859 01:17:34,880 --> 01:17:36,160 ABOUT 15 MINUTES FOR EACH REPORT 1860 01:17:36,160 --> 01:17:36,320 OUT. 1861 01:17:36,320 --> 01:17:37,840 THEY CAN GO LONGER IF THEY NEED 1862 01:17:37,840 --> 01:17:43,280 TO AND THAT WILL LEAVE US AN 1863 01:17:43,280 --> 01:17:44,560 ADDITIONAL TIME FOR GENERAL 1864 01:17:44,560 --> 01:17:44,840 DISCUSSION. 1865 01:17:44,840 --> 01:17:46,600 WHILE THE BREAKOUT LEADERS ARE 1866 01:17:46,600 --> 01:17:48,840 GIVING THEIR REPORTS, FEEL FREE 1867 01:17:48,840 --> 01:17:51,240 TO PUT YOUR COMMENTS AND 1868 01:17:51,240 --> 01:17:54,800 QUESTIONS IN THE CHAT OR Q&A AND 1869 01:17:54,800 --> 01:17:55,640 WE'LL INTEGRATE THOSE INTO 1870 01:17:55,640 --> 01:17:57,360 DISCUSSION AFTER THE BREAKOUT 1871 01:17:57,360 --> 01:18:00,480 REPORTS. 1872 01:18:00,480 --> 01:18:06,040 LET'S START WITH TALMO AND KIM 1873 01:18:06,040 --> 01:18:08,960 HOKE ON THE ORGANISMAL BREAKOUT 1874 01:18:08,960 --> 01:18:09,160 GROUP. 1875 01:18:09,160 --> 01:18:11,640 >> I DID THIS THE LAST TWO 1876 01:18:11,640 --> 01:18:19,240 SECONDS SO BEAR WITH US. 1877 01:18:19,240 --> 01:18:23,240 SO THE IT FORMAT WAS WAS A BIG 1878 01:18:23,240 --> 01:18:28,120 DOC WITH CORE QUESTIONS AND 1879 01:18:28,120 --> 01:18:31,840 WE'RE GOING TO WALK THROUGH THE 1880 01:18:31,840 --> 01:18:34,800 BIG POINTS IN EACH AREA AND 1881 01:18:34,800 --> 01:18:36,240 FORGIVE ME, PARTICIPANTS IF I 1882 01:18:36,240 --> 01:18:39,440 CUT OUT YOUR THING IN THE THREE 1883 01:18:39,440 --> 01:18:41,000 MINUTES OF TIME WE HAVE. 1884 01:18:41,000 --> 01:18:43,840 >> TALMO, IS IT POSSIBLE TO 1885 01:18:43,840 --> 01:18:58,520 ENLARGE IT A BIT? 1886 01:18:58,520 --> 01:19:00,640 FOR THOSE OF US OF A CERTAIN 1887 01:19:00,640 --> 01:19:00,840 AGE. 1888 01:19:00,840 --> 01:19:03,640 >> OF COURSE. 1889 01:19:03,640 --> 01:19:05,000 IN OUR RESEARCH SECTION WE 1890 01:19:05,000 --> 01:19:08,640 WANTED TO TACKLE THREE BIG 1891 01:19:08,640 --> 01:19:08,840 POINTS. 1892 01:19:08,840 --> 01:19:10,480 THE RESEARCH PURSUIT. 1893 01:19:10,480 --> 01:19:12,960 WHAT ARE THE HIGH PRIORITY 1894 01:19:12,960 --> 01:19:15,280 RESEARCH AREAS FOR 1895 01:19:15,280 --> 01:19:17,160 QUANTIFICATION AND I THINK IT 1896 01:19:17,160 --> 01:19:19,880 BREAKS DOWN TO ROUGHLY FOUR 1897 01:19:19,880 --> 01:19:22,080 DIFFERENT GENERAL AREAS. 1898 01:19:22,080 --> 01:19:24,960 WE COVERED MANY OTHER THINGS SO 1899 01:19:24,960 --> 01:19:27,800 THINK THIS AS A SAMPLING OF 1900 01:19:27,800 --> 01:19:28,040 EXAMPLES. 1901 01:19:28,040 --> 01:19:30,080 THE BIGGEST THING THAT CAME UP 1902 01:19:30,080 --> 01:19:35,360 WAS HOW WE CAN MOVE TO MORE 1903 01:19:35,360 --> 01:19:38,480 NATURAL SETTINGS AND WE WANT TO 1904 01:19:38,480 --> 01:19:39,640 DO BETTER BEHAVIOR. 1905 01:19:39,640 --> 01:19:45,640 THE EXAMPLE OF THE MISO SCALE 1906 01:19:45,640 --> 01:19:48,240 AND WE'VE SEEN EXAMPLES TO THE 1907 01:19:48,240 --> 01:19:51,440 ECOLOGY COLLECTIVE SCALE HOW CAN 1908 01:19:51,440 --> 01:19:54,280 WE PRACTICALLY APPROACH 1909 01:19:54,280 --> 01:19:57,400 REALISTIC SIZES AND THE 1910 01:19:57,400 --> 01:19:58,400 QUESTIONS WE ASK AND OPPOSED 1911 01:19:58,400 --> 01:19:59,760 TRACKING WITH 1,000 INDIVIDUALS 1912 01:19:59,760 --> 01:20:05,280 IN AN ENVIRONMENT FOR THEIR 1913 01:20:05,280 --> 01:20:08,200 ENTIRE LIFE ARE THERE BETTER 1914 01:20:08,200 --> 01:20:10,480 WAYS TO VALIDATE AND WHAT WE'RE 1915 01:20:10,480 --> 01:20:12,160 CREATING IN THE LAB IS SIMILAR 1916 01:20:12,160 --> 01:20:12,880 TO THE FIELD. 1917 01:20:12,880 --> 01:20:14,600 THAT MAY INVOLVE THINGS LIKE 1918 01:20:14,600 --> 01:20:16,000 BRINGING LAB ASSAYS TO THE 1919 01:20:16,000 --> 01:20:17,840 FIELDS AND THEN BRINGING THEM 1920 01:20:17,840 --> 01:20:18,760 BACK MAKING SURE WE'RE GETTING 1921 01:20:18,760 --> 01:20:23,240 THE SAME KINDS OF RESULTS AND 1922 01:20:23,240 --> 01:20:24,520 ENSURING WE'RE GETTING MORE 1923 01:20:24,520 --> 01:20:27,520 TRULY NATURAL SETTINGS AND NOT 1924 01:20:27,520 --> 01:20:29,240 CURTAILING OUR BEHAVIORS WE'RE 1925 01:20:29,240 --> 01:20:29,520 MEASURING. 1926 01:20:29,520 --> 01:20:32,120 ANOTHER BIG POINT WAS HOW CAN WE 1927 01:20:32,120 --> 01:20:33,840 BRIDGE DIFFERENT SPECIES AND 1928 01:20:33,840 --> 01:20:36,120 BODY PLANS AND WORK ON MANY 1929 01:20:36,120 --> 01:20:37,840 ANIMALS AND MANY NON-STANDARD 1930 01:20:37,840 --> 01:20:40,280 MODEL ORGANISMS AND AT THE END 1931 01:20:40,280 --> 01:20:41,680 OF THE DAY WE'RE NOT JUST GOING 1932 01:20:41,680 --> 01:20:45,000 TO FIGURE OUT THE BRAIN BY JUST 1933 01:20:45,000 --> 01:20:46,760 LOOKING AT THE BEHAVIORS THAT 1934 01:20:46,760 --> 01:20:48,720 MICE EXHIBIT IN THEIR HOME AGE. 1935 01:20:48,720 --> 01:20:53,600 AS WE BRANCH OUT, HOW DO WE 1936 01:20:53,600 --> 01:20:54,640 COMPARE ACROSS THOSE AND IS IT 1937 01:20:54,640 --> 01:20:56,280 GOING TO BE RELEVANT TO OUR 1938 01:20:56,280 --> 01:20:57,240 ULTIMATE GOAL OF TRANSLATING 1939 01:20:57,240 --> 01:21:00,440 THIS TO HUMANS. 1940 01:21:00,440 --> 01:21:08,320 VARIABILITY I THINK IS A HUGE 1941 01:21:08,320 --> 01:21:11,320 CONCERN AS WE AUTOMATE. 1942 01:21:11,320 --> 01:21:13,840 THERE ARE MANY WAYS TO DEFINE 1943 01:21:13,840 --> 01:21:16,080 BEHAVIOR BUT THEORETICALLY BUT 1944 01:21:16,080 --> 01:21:18,560 DEPENDING ON THE FIELD YOU'RE IN 1945 01:21:18,560 --> 01:21:22,320 AND WE CAN'T ALL AGREE ON 1946 01:21:22,320 --> 01:21:24,280 DIFFERENT TERMS AND IT REQUIRES 1947 01:21:24,280 --> 01:21:25,840 PLENTY OF EXTRA STUDY. 1948 01:21:25,840 --> 01:21:28,960 SOME TOOL DEVELOPERS HAVE BEEN 1949 01:21:28,960 --> 01:21:34,840 ALREADY TRYING TO TACKLE THIS. 1950 01:21:34,840 --> 01:21:40,280 IT WOULD BE GOOD TO FULLY FLUSH 1951 01:21:40,280 --> 01:21:42,680 OUT THE BEHAVIOR AND LOOK AT 1952 01:21:42,680 --> 01:21:44,360 ASSAYS AND LOOK AT 1953 01:21:44,360 --> 01:21:46,040 REPRODUCIBILITY BUT WE NEED TO 1954 01:21:46,040 --> 01:21:47,800 TAKE A MORE HOLISTIC VIEW 1955 01:21:47,800 --> 01:21:51,760 ESPECIALLY AS WE BEGIN TO RELY 1956 01:21:51,760 --> 01:21:53,240 MORE ON THE SUPERVISED MACHINE 1957 01:21:53,240 --> 01:21:54,880 LEARNING SYSTEMS. 1958 01:21:54,880 --> 01:21:57,000 THEN FINALLY BRIDGING THE 1959 01:21:57,000 --> 01:21:58,680 DIFFERENT FORMULATIONS OF 1960 01:21:58,680 --> 01:22:05,440 BEHAVIOR GOING FROM LIKE THE 1961 01:22:05,440 --> 01:22:10,640 TASK BASED AND MORE COGNITIVE 1962 01:22:10,640 --> 01:22:12,760 BEHAVIORAL TESTING TO THE 1963 01:22:12,760 --> 01:22:14,640 ECOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENTAL 1964 01:22:14,640 --> 01:22:17,840 CHANGES IN BEHAVIOR LEVELS OF 1965 01:22:17,840 --> 01:22:18,120 ANALYSIS. 1966 01:22:18,120 --> 01:22:29,040 AND IN PART I THINK ONE OF THE 1967 01:22:29,040 --> 01:22:31,880 CORE THINGS IS MODELLING IT AND 1968 01:22:31,880 --> 01:22:36,440 CONSIDERING BEHAVIOR AT THE 1969 01:22:36,440 --> 01:22:40,000 ORGANISMAL LEVEL AND AT THE END 1970 01:22:40,000 --> 01:22:42,080 OF THE DAY IT GOES TO THE WHOLE 1971 01:22:42,080 --> 01:22:42,400 ANIMAL. 1972 01:22:42,400 --> 01:22:45,640 THAT WILL BE NECESSARY TO BRIDGE 1973 01:22:45,640 --> 01:22:46,520 ACROSS DIFFERENT LEVELS. 1974 01:22:46,520 --> 01:22:50,640 MORE WHOLE ORGANISM BEHAVIOR. 1975 01:22:50,640 --> 01:22:52,920 COULD DEEP LEARNING PLAY A ROLE 1976 01:22:52,920 --> 01:22:55,040 THEN AND UNIFYING THE DIFFERENT 1977 01:22:55,040 --> 01:22:55,480 APPROACHES. 1978 01:22:55,480 --> 01:22:57,800 DEEP LEARNING CAN SERVE AS THE 1979 01:22:57,800 --> 01:23:01,840 >>YOU THAT'S VERY ATTRACTABLE 1980 01:23:01,840 --> 01:23:02,760 NUMERICALLY AND DIFFERENT 1981 01:23:02,760 --> 01:23:05,040 MODALITY WOULD OTHERWISE BE 1982 01:23:05,040 --> 01:23:07,240 DIFFICULT TO INTEGRATE TO 1983 01:23:07,240 --> 01:23:07,680 DIFFERENT MODELS. 1984 01:23:07,680 --> 01:23:10,680 THERE'S A CHALLENGE IN HOW YOU 1985 01:23:10,680 --> 01:23:11,680 INTERPRET THE DEEP LEARNING 1986 01:23:11,680 --> 01:23:13,640 SYSTEM AND IF THERE ARE EMERGING 1987 01:23:13,640 --> 01:23:17,760 APPROACHES TO CREATE MORE 1988 01:23:17,760 --> 01:23:19,960 EXPLAINABLE AND BY DESIGN 1989 01:23:19,960 --> 01:23:21,440 INTERPRETABLE A.I. AND MAY SERVE 1990 01:23:21,440 --> 01:23:25,600 AS A KEY FEATURE IN THE WAY THAT 1991 01:23:25,600 --> 01:23:28,960 WE BRIDGE FOR EXAMPLE THINGS 1992 01:23:28,960 --> 01:23:31,840 LIKE GENOMICS AND BEHAVIOR 1993 01:23:31,840 --> 01:23:35,680 BECAUSE FOR THAT FLEXIBILITY 1994 01:23:35,680 --> 01:23:38,240 BUILDS IN WHAT WE DIDN'T HAVE IN 1995 01:23:38,240 --> 01:23:38,800 OTHER FRAMEWORK. 1996 01:23:38,800 --> 01:23:43,080 IT WAS CLEAR THAT WE NEED MORE 1997 01:23:43,080 --> 01:23:43,320 THEORY. 1998 01:23:43,320 --> 01:23:44,960 A LOT OF THE STUFF HINGES ON THE 1999 01:23:44,960 --> 01:23:46,480 FACT WE DON'T HAVE UNIFYING 2000 01:23:46,480 --> 01:23:51,240 THEORIES OF BEHAVIOR. 2001 01:23:51,240 --> 01:24:00,560 PART IS BECAUSE THE MODELS COME 2002 01:24:00,560 --> 01:24:02,960 FROM DIFFERENT FIELD BUT WE NEED 2003 01:24:02,960 --> 01:24:08,440 A GLUE TO GET THEM TOGETHER AND 2004 01:24:08,440 --> 01:24:10,520 WE NEED SOMETHING THAT QUE CAN 2005 01:24:10,520 --> 01:24:12,920 TEST AS WE SCALE UP AND DEVELOP 2006 01:24:12,920 --> 01:24:13,800 AS A FIELD. 2007 01:24:13,800 --> 01:24:15,080 TOOLS. 2008 01:24:15,080 --> 01:24:16,800 THOSE ARE THE HIGH PRIORITY 2009 01:24:16,800 --> 01:24:18,240 RESEARCH AREAS AND WHAT DO WE 2010 01:24:18,240 --> 01:24:20,680 NEED TO FIGURE OUT AND WHAT IS 2011 01:24:20,680 --> 01:24:20,960 NECESSARY? 2012 01:24:20,960 --> 01:24:24,920 THAT'S THE TECHNOLOGY 2013 01:24:24,920 --> 01:24:26,400 DEVELOPMENT AND WILL DRIVE THE 2014 01:24:26,400 --> 01:24:28,640 FIELD WITH THEM AND THIS IS A 2015 01:24:28,640 --> 01:24:32,560 SAM BLING OF THE LARGE LANDSCAPE 2016 01:24:32,560 --> 01:24:38,240 OF BEHAVIORAL MODIFICATION FOOLS 2017 01:24:38,240 --> 01:24:41,640 AND WE'LL SEE DIFFERENT KINDS OF 2018 01:24:41,640 --> 01:24:43,400 MODALITIES STREAMS AND SOME 2019 01:24:43,400 --> 01:24:45,120 PARADIGMS WE DIDN'T HAVE BEFORE 2020 01:24:45,120 --> 01:24:52,120 BUT WE'RE STILL MISSING A LOT. 2021 01:24:52,120 --> 01:24:56,920 WHEN WE BRAIN STORM ONE CATEGORY 2022 01:24:56,920 --> 01:25:00,000 IS HARDWARE. 2023 01:25:00,000 --> 01:25:03,120 WE'VE NOT HAD SO MUCH BEHAVIORAL 2024 01:25:03,120 --> 01:25:04,920 HARDWARE AS FOR MONITORING 2025 01:25:04,920 --> 01:25:05,440 HARDWARE. 2026 01:25:05,440 --> 01:25:09,240 WE DON'T IS A NEURAL PIXEL FOR 2027 01:25:09,240 --> 01:25:09,480 BEHAVIOR. 2028 01:25:09,480 --> 01:25:19,040 WE JUST HAVE WEB CAMS AND FLUORO 2029 01:25:19,040 --> 01:25:20,760 FLUOROCAMERAS THAT DON'T FIT ALL 2030 01:25:20,760 --> 01:25:24,920 THE NEEDS WE HAVE IN MONITORING 2031 01:25:24,920 --> 01:25:28,400 ANIMALS OR HUMANS. 2032 01:25:28,400 --> 01:25:33,040 MAKE SURE WE CAN CAPTURE LARGE 2033 01:25:33,040 --> 01:25:38,600 FIELDS OF VIEWS AND SCALE THEM 2034 01:25:38,600 --> 01:25:43,120 UP AND IT WOULD BE CRUCIAL TO 2035 01:25:43,120 --> 01:25:44,960 HAVE CAMERAS AND MACHINE VISION 2036 01:25:44,960 --> 01:25:46,840 CAMERAS TO QUANTIFY BEHAVIOR BUT 2037 01:25:46,840 --> 01:25:49,760 CAN STILL WORK INSIDE THE WATER 2038 01:25:49,760 --> 01:25:52,960 AND IN MORE NATURAL 2039 01:25:52,960 --> 01:25:55,840 ENVIRONMENTS. 2040 01:25:55,840 --> 01:25:59,240 SYNCHRONIZATION AND IT'S A 2041 01:25:59,240 --> 01:26:12,920 DIFFICULT TO LOOK AT THE TOPIC 2042 01:26:12,920 --> 01:26:14,360 AND SYNCHRONIZE DIFFERENT 2043 01:26:14,360 --> 01:26:17,640 INSTRUMENTS WITH EEG CAPS AND 2044 01:26:17,640 --> 01:26:19,800 THERE'S FOT BEEN TOO MANY UNE 2045 01:26:19,800 --> 01:26:26,880 I'D EFFORTS FOR BEHAVIOR. 2046 01:26:26,880 --> 01:26:28,320 THIS REQUIRES ELECTRONICS 2047 01:26:28,320 --> 01:26:32,240 EXPERTISE BUT IS SOMETHING WE 2048 01:26:32,240 --> 01:26:37,480 HAVE A SET OF NEEDS THAT ARE 2049 01:26:37,480 --> 01:26:39,760 SHARED ACROSS THE COMPARATIVE 2050 01:26:39,760 --> 01:26:41,440 BEHAVIORAL FOLKS. 2051 01:26:41,440 --> 01:26:43,560 IN PARTICULAR TAKING THE TYPES 2052 01:26:43,560 --> 01:26:48,960 OF HARDWARE AND INTEGRATING THAT 2053 01:26:48,960 --> 01:26:52,160 WITH MONITORING TECHNOLOGY FOR 2054 01:26:52,160 --> 01:26:58,080 EXAMPLE BY LOOKING AT TE TIME 2055 01:26:58,080 --> 01:27:00,760 SCALE OF BEHAVIOR. 2056 01:27:00,760 --> 01:27:01,840 A LOT OF BEHAVIOR IS CONSTRAINED 2057 01:27:01,840 --> 01:27:04,440 BY STICKING TWO PHONES AND THEY 2058 01:27:04,440 --> 01:27:06,160 CANT MOVE AROUND AND WE NEED 2059 01:27:06,160 --> 01:27:07,720 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES THAT 2060 01:27:07,720 --> 01:27:08,880 INTEGRATE WELL WITH OUR CAMERA 2061 01:27:08,880 --> 01:27:20,920 BASE AND OTHER TYPES OF SYSTEMS. 2062 01:27:20,920 --> 01:27:23,200 WE CAN ADDRESS QUESTIONS FROM 2063 01:27:23,200 --> 01:27:24,920 THE FIELD AND THAT REQUIRES MORE 2064 01:27:24,920 --> 01:27:29,800 SPECIALIZED HARDWARE. 2065 01:27:29,800 --> 01:27:31,840 WEARAB 2066 01:27:31,840 --> 01:27:33,920 WEARABLE SYSTEMS WHEN WE HAVE 2067 01:27:33,920 --> 01:27:35,360 SLEEP AND TECHNOLOGY IT'S 2068 01:27:35,360 --> 01:27:37,960 MOTIVATED BY THE FACT WE CAN'T 2069 01:27:37,960 --> 01:27:42,040 ASK OUR FLIES AND MICE TO WEAR 2070 01:27:42,040 --> 01:27:43,440 MOTION CAPTURE LIKE WITH 2071 01:27:43,440 --> 01:27:45,720 HOLLYWOOD ACTORS. 2072 01:27:45,720 --> 01:27:55,240 IT STILL EXTENDS TO EGO CENTRIC 2073 01:27:55,240 --> 01:27:58,360 SENSORS AND CLOSE LOOP 2074 01:27:58,360 --> 01:27:59,800 TECHNOLOGIES GOING TO 2075 01:27:59,800 --> 01:28:01,240 SYNCHRONIZATION AND TIMING AND 2076 01:28:01,240 --> 01:28:04,960 REACHING UP TO THE MESO SCALE 2077 01:28:04,960 --> 01:28:07,840 AND MEASURING BEHAVIORS IN 2078 01:28:07,840 --> 01:28:12,120 LARGER ARENAS AND WINDS THAT 2079 01:28:12,120 --> 01:28:17,720 REQUIRE MORE AND ACQUISITION IS 2080 01:28:17,720 --> 01:28:19,840 THE WILD WEST. 2081 01:28:19,840 --> 01:28:21,560 AND THERE'S TOOL DEVELOPERS AND 2082 01:28:21,560 --> 01:28:27,760 WE GET VIDEOS FROM OUR END USERS 2083 01:28:27,760 --> 01:28:30,040 THAT ARE NOT ENCODED CORRECTLY 2084 01:28:30,040 --> 01:28:32,040 BECAUSE THEY'RE CAMERA SOFTWARE 2085 01:28:32,040 --> 01:28:37,360 HAS SOME PROPRIETARY FORMAT THAT 2086 01:28:37,360 --> 01:28:40,480 MAYBE MAKES FOR SECURITY 2087 01:28:40,480 --> 01:28:41,640 APPLICATIONS BUT NOT 2088 01:28:41,640 --> 01:28:42,000 QUANTIFICATION. 2089 01:28:42,000 --> 01:28:45,000 WE HAVE NEEDS IN OUR VIDEO DATA 2090 01:28:45,000 --> 01:28:49,000 AND PERHAPS WHAT WE NEED IS 2091 01:28:49,000 --> 01:28:51,680 BETTER SOFTWARE DIFFERENT THAN 2092 01:28:51,680 --> 01:28:57,000 WE'RE ASKING TO GENERATE AND 2093 01:28:57,000 --> 01:29:03,280 ANALYSES FOR THINGS LIKE 2094 01:29:03,280 --> 01:29:05,360 MEASUREMENTS AND INFRASTRUCTURE. 2095 01:29:05,360 --> 01:29:12,400 AND AS WE MOVE FORWARD NOT ONLY 2096 01:29:12,400 --> 01:29:17,280 IS DATA STORAGE DIFFICULT BUT 2097 01:29:17,280 --> 01:29:22,680 COMPUTE IS ONE EVEN MORE TRICKY 2098 01:29:22,680 --> 01:29:31,880 BECAUSE AND IT'S BUILT FOR 2099 01:29:31,880 --> 01:29:37,000 CRYPTO MINING BUT TO NOT FOR 2100 01:29:37,000 --> 01:29:40,360 BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION AND I 2101 01:29:40,360 --> 01:29:42,520 THINK ONE OF THE SOLUTIONS THAT 2102 01:29:42,520 --> 01:29:51,320 MIGHT FIT THE BILL FOR OUR FIELD 2103 01:29:51,320 --> 01:29:56,960 IS CLOUD AND NATIVE TOOL AND 2104 01:29:56,960 --> 01:30:00,960 INCENTIVES TO BUILD THEM. 2105 01:30:00,960 --> 01:30:05,920 THEY GIVE US THE ADVANTAGE OF 2106 01:30:05,920 --> 01:30:07,040 GAMING AND MOVING STUFF AND 2107 01:30:07,040 --> 01:30:10,000 MOVING A FILE FROM A COMPUTER TO 2108 01:30:10,000 --> 01:30:12,720 THE CLOUD IS NON TRIVIAL. 2109 01:30:12,720 --> 01:30:16,600 WE NEED BETTER SOFTWARE 2110 01:30:16,600 --> 01:30:18,200 STRUCTURE FOR THE NEEDS OF 2111 01:30:18,200 --> 01:30:21,560 BEHAVIORAL QUANTIFICATION 2112 01:30:21,560 --> 01:30:22,400 SCIENTISTS. 2113 01:30:22,400 --> 01:30:23,960 AS IT NOT SOMETHING ANY LAB CAN 2114 01:30:23,960 --> 01:30:25,680 PICK UP AND START USING. 2115 01:30:25,680 --> 01:30:28,520 WE NEED TOOLS TO NOT JUST BE 2116 01:30:28,520 --> 01:30:31,920 ABLE TO OUTPUT STUFF BUT WORK 2117 01:30:31,920 --> 01:30:38,680 AND SCALE UP TO THE CLOUD. 2118 01:30:38,680 --> 01:30:42,360 AS WE SCALE UP TO BROADER 2119 01:30:42,360 --> 01:30:48,640 INITIATIVES THAT WOULD BE MORE 2120 01:30:48,640 --> 01:30:50,080 TRANSFORMATIVE AND THERE'S THE 2121 01:30:50,080 --> 01:30:55,040 GAP FOR THE MICROSCOPIC SCALE OF 2122 01:30:55,040 --> 01:30:56,720 ANALYSIS AND WE HIT THREE 2123 01:30:56,720 --> 01:30:57,040 CATEGORIES. 2124 01:30:57,040 --> 01:31:00,000 ONE IS HOW DO WE ENABLE TEAM 2125 01:31:00,000 --> 01:31:01,000 SCIENCE. 2126 01:31:01,000 --> 01:31:02,600 WHAT WOULD THE ALLEN INSTITUTE 2127 01:31:02,600 --> 01:31:07,840 FOR BEHAVIORAL QUANTIFICATION 2128 01:31:07,840 --> 01:31:17,640 LOOK LIKE? 2129 01:31:17,640 --> 01:31:21,320 AND THEY HAD AN UNE FIVING 2130 01:31:21,320 --> 01:31:24,160 THEORY AND WORKED OUT WHAT IT 2131 01:31:24,160 --> 01:31:27,440 WAS BEFORE THEY SET OUT TO SCALE 2132 01:31:27,440 --> 01:31:28,960 UP THEIR INSTRUMENTATION. 2133 01:31:28,960 --> 01:31:33,240 IN OUR CASE DID YOU ANALOGIZE TO 2134 01:31:33,240 --> 01:31:36,120 SAY THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT IT 2135 01:31:36,120 --> 01:31:38,440 DIDN'T MAKE SENSE TO CREATE THE 2136 01:31:38,440 --> 01:31:41,040 MOUSE C PROJECT BECAUSE THERE'S 2137 01:31:41,040 --> 01:31:47,920 NO DEFINITIONS FOR THAT PERHAPS 2138 01:31:47,920 --> 01:31:50,960 IT LOOKS MORE LIKE A CONSORTIUM 2139 01:31:50,960 --> 01:31:56,240 OR TYPE SERVICE THAT ALLOWS US 2140 01:31:56,240 --> 01:32:05,560 TO PUT TOGETHER THE BIOLOGIC AND 2141 01:32:05,560 --> 01:32:07,240 ENGINEERING SIDE AND WE NEED TO 2142 01:32:07,240 --> 01:32:10,000 ADDRESS THE PROBLEM OF 2143 01:32:10,000 --> 01:32:17,200 ASSIGNMENT AND CONTRIBUTION. 2144 01:32:17,200 --> 01:32:18,640 THERE'S TERMS THAT WE'LL HAVE 2145 01:32:18,640 --> 01:32:22,440 3,000 AUTHORED PAPERS BUT IF YOU 2146 01:32:22,440 --> 01:32:23,600 WERE TO HAVE ONE IN NATURE 2147 01:32:23,600 --> 01:32:25,440 NEUROSCIENCE IT FEELS LIKE YOUR 2148 01:32:25,440 --> 01:32:26,720 CONTRIBUTIONS WILL BE DILUTED TO 2149 01:32:26,720 --> 01:32:31,880 THE POINT WHERE IT'S NOT 2150 01:32:31,880 --> 01:32:35,120 WORTHWHILE TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE 2151 01:32:35,120 --> 01:32:41,400 LARGE SCALE TEAM INITIATIVE AND 2152 01:32:41,400 --> 01:32:43,880 IF THEY CONTRIBUTE TO LARGE 2153 01:32:43,880 --> 01:32:48,400 SCALE EFFORTS IT MAY BE A 2154 01:32:48,400 --> 01:32:55,560 CRUCIAL AND ACTION TO CREATE 2155 01:32:55,560 --> 01:33:01,840 SUCH CONSORTIA. 2156 01:33:01,840 --> 01:33:06,040 AND ONE THAT'S MISSING IN THE 2157 01:33:06,040 --> 01:33:17,000 LANDSCAPE OR IN NASCENT STAGES A 2158 01:33:17,000 --> 01:33:19,840 CONSISTENT WAY OF REPORTING NEW 2159 01:33:19,840 --> 01:33:27,840 TOOLS IN A PREPOSTORY. 2160 01:33:27,840 --> 01:33:31,160 THERE'S A POSITION TO COORDINATE 2161 01:33:31,160 --> 01:33:33,840 A CENTRALIZED REPOSITORY AS THEY 2162 01:33:33,840 --> 01:33:37,800 FOUND THE TOOLS DEVELOPED IN THE 2163 01:33:37,800 --> 01:33:38,000 FIELD. 2164 01:33:38,000 --> 01:33:40,400 ADDING A REQUIREMENT TOOL 2165 01:33:40,400 --> 01:33:42,400 BUILDERS MUST SUBMIT A TYPE OF 2166 01:33:42,400 --> 01:33:44,960 METADATA DATA TO A REPOSITORY TO 2167 01:33:44,960 --> 01:33:47,320 MAKE IT EASIER TO STAY ON TOP OF 2168 01:33:47,320 --> 01:33:49,760 THE GROWING INNOVATIONS IN OUR 2169 01:33:49,760 --> 01:33:50,200 TOOL LANDSCAPE. 2170 01:33:50,200 --> 01:33:52,600 AND FINALLY EXPANDING OUR 2171 01:33:52,600 --> 01:33:58,200 CIRCLES WHICH IS MOTIVATED BY 2172 01:33:58,200 --> 01:34:03,680 THE FACT THAT WE GO FROM 2173 01:34:03,680 --> 01:34:04,920 COMPUTER VISION AND DEEP 2174 01:34:04,920 --> 01:34:08,520 LEARNING AND LOOK AT DISPARATE 2175 01:34:08,520 --> 01:34:10,880 FIELD TO MEET THE NEEDS IT FOR 2176 01:34:10,880 --> 01:34:13,800 HIGH PRIORITY RESEARCH AREAS AND 2177 01:34:13,800 --> 01:34:15,880 OTHERS AND FIELD LIKE COMPUTER 2178 01:34:15,880 --> 01:34:17,800 GRAPHICS AND ROBOTICS AND THE 2179 01:34:17,800 --> 01:34:23,560 MORE COMPUTATIONAL MODELLING 2180 01:34:23,560 --> 01:34:37,840 FIELDS LIKE SCIENCE AND 2181 01:34:37,840 --> 01:34:42,120 ORANTHOLOGY AND IN VIDEO GAME 2182 01:34:42,120 --> 01:34:43,080 DEVELOPMENT AND CREATING 2183 01:34:43,080 --> 01:34:44,680 SIMULATIONS MORE AMENABLE TO LAB 2184 01:34:44,680 --> 01:34:46,840 STUDIES AND FINALLY HOW CAN WE 2185 01:34:46,840 --> 01:34:48,960 REACH OUT TO NON-ACADEMIC 2186 01:34:48,960 --> 01:34:50,400 PARTNERS IF THEY HAVE THE SCALE 2187 01:34:50,400 --> 01:34:52,960 AND THE INFRASTRUCTURE TO BUILD 2188 01:34:52,960 --> 01:34:55,480 BETTER HARDWARE WE ALL NEED 2189 01:34:55,480 --> 01:34:57,440 MAYBE THE BEST WAY INSTEAD OF 2190 01:34:57,440 --> 01:35:00,440 COMING UP WITH IT OURSELVES AND 2191 01:35:00,440 --> 01:35:02,400 HAVING TO FIND ACADEMIC 2192 01:35:02,400 --> 01:35:04,520 COLLABORATORS THAT HAVE 2193 01:35:04,520 --> 01:35:08,920 ELECTRONICS EXPERTISE AND SEE IF 2194 01:35:08,920 --> 01:35:11,800 YOU CAN MAKE A BEHAVIOR CAMERA 2195 01:35:11,800 --> 01:35:14,760 THAT WORKS FOR US RATHER THAN 2196 01:35:14,760 --> 01:35:25,840 PURELY INDUSTRIAL NEEDS? 2197 01:35:25,840 --> 01:35:29,560 THAT CAME UM WITH OUR SYNTHESIS 2198 01:35:29,560 --> 01:35:31,760 AND PLENTIEE MORE IDEAS AND 2199 01:35:31,760 --> 01:35:32,360 MAYBE WE CAN SHARE THEM AT A 2200 01:35:32,360 --> 01:35:36,280 LATER TIME. 2201 01:35:36,280 --> 01:35:38,440 >> THANK YOU FOR MODERATING THAT 2202 01:35:38,440 --> 01:35:40,960 WE'LL MOVE TO THE BREAKOUT 2203 01:35:40,960 --> 01:35:46,440 RECORD FROM THE HUMAN CLINICAL 2204 01:35:46,440 --> 01:35:55,840 NEUROSCIENCE GROUP AYSEGUL AND 2205 01:35:55,840 --> 01:36:04,560 KATHERINE, TAKE IT AWAY. 2206 01:36:04,560 --> 01:36:08,680 THOSE ARE SOME OF OUR IDEAS. 2207 01:36:08,680 --> 01:36:13,240 WE DISCUSSED THIS IN OUR HUMAN 2208 01:36:13,240 --> 01:36:13,520 GROUP. 2209 01:36:13,520 --> 01:36:14,920 WHAT ARE OUR BIG RESEARCH 2210 01:36:14,920 --> 01:36:15,200 QUESTIONS. 2211 01:36:15,200 --> 01:36:20,120 WE DISCUSSED WA IS THE BEST 2212 01:36:20,120 --> 01:36:22,480 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK TO STUDY 2213 01:36:22,480 --> 01:36:24,920 BEHAVIOR AND THERE'S NOT ENOUGH 2214 01:36:24,920 --> 01:36:26,880 INFORMATION TO BE ABLE TO ANSWER 2215 01:36:26,880 --> 01:36:27,320 THAT QUESTION. 2216 01:36:27,320 --> 01:36:30,280 ONCE WE DECIDE ON THAT HOW CAN 2217 01:36:30,280 --> 01:36:33,640 WE MATCH THE TECHNOLOGICAL 2218 01:36:33,640 --> 01:36:34,880 IMPROVEMENTS TO OUR MODEL. 2219 01:36:34,880 --> 01:36:36,760 IF WE'RE USING A DYNAMIC NETWORK 2220 01:36:36,760 --> 01:36:41,200 MODEL WE HEARD ABOUT DURING THE 2221 01:36:41,200 --> 01:36:43,440 WORKSHOP WE MAY NEED MULTIPLE 2222 01:36:43,440 --> 01:36:44,440 CENTERS AND BIOMARKERS AND MAY 2223 01:36:44,440 --> 01:36:49,600 NEED TO DEVELOP THEM BASED ON 2224 01:36:49,600 --> 01:36:51,000 DIFFERENT TYPES OF FEATURES WE 2225 01:36:51,000 --> 01:36:55,640 DISCUSSED THE BEST TEMPORAL 2226 01:36:55,640 --> 01:36:58,880 RESOLUTION AND EXPLORATION TO 2227 01:36:58,880 --> 01:37:00,200 DIFFERENT BEHAVIORS AND THERE'S 2228 01:37:00,200 --> 01:37:02,760 INTERNAL PROCESSES THAT MAY BE 2229 01:37:02,760 --> 01:37:04,960 DIFFERENT AND HOW DO WE COME TO 2230 01:37:04,960 --> 01:37:10,560 TERMS WITH THOSE DIFFERENCES. 2231 01:37:10,560 --> 01:37:14,680 AND HOW DO WE CLOSE THE GAP WITH 2232 01:37:14,680 --> 01:37:15,600 THE RESEARCH AND IT'S BEEN 2233 01:37:15,600 --> 01:37:17,080 TERMED THE VALE OF DEATH AND ONE 2234 01:37:17,080 --> 01:37:19,960 OF THE PROBLEMS IS THE QUESTION 2235 01:37:19,960 --> 01:37:24,920 ARE WIDE DIFFERENT AND WE MAY BE 2236 01:37:24,920 --> 01:37:29,240 STIMULATING THE ENTIRE CAMPUS 2237 01:37:29,240 --> 01:37:34,480 BUT YOU NEED TO STIMULATE A 2238 01:37:34,480 --> 01:37:37,000 SPECIFIC CELL TYPE AND THAT 2239 01:37:37,000 --> 01:37:39,880 PREVENTS US FROM DOING THE 2240 01:37:39,880 --> 01:37:41,760 FORWARD TRANSLATION THAT MAY BE 2241 01:37:41,760 --> 01:37:44,600 HELPING IN UNDERSTANDING THE 2242 01:37:44,600 --> 01:37:47,440 EFFECTS OF STIMULATION AND 2243 01:37:47,440 --> 01:37:49,560 DIGITAL MEASUREMENT WE'RE 2244 01:37:49,560 --> 01:37:52,960 OBTAINING IN RELATION TO 2245 01:37:52,960 --> 01:37:56,960 SPECIFIC BEHAVIORS. 2246 01:37:56,960 --> 01:38:02,800 WE COULD TAKE COMMON FEATURES 2247 01:38:02,800 --> 01:38:04,480 AND MAY BE ABLE TO EXAMINE THEM 2248 01:38:04,480 --> 01:38:06,200 IN MORE PRECISE WAYS AND LOOKED 2249 01:38:06,200 --> 01:38:11,320 AT PRECISION MEDICINE AS A 2250 01:38:11,320 --> 01:38:15,040 STRATEGY TO UNDERSTAND INTERN 2251 01:38:15,040 --> 01:38:16,400 STATES AND CLOSED LOOP 2252 01:38:16,400 --> 01:38:18,240 STIMULATION OR LOOK AT 2253 01:38:18,240 --> 01:38:19,640 FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL 2254 01:38:19,640 --> 01:38:20,920 CONNECTIVITY AND WHAT OTHER 2255 01:38:20,920 --> 01:38:24,920 STRATEGIES ARE THERE TO MAKE 2256 01:38:24,920 --> 01:38:26,040 ADVANCEMENTS IN THIS AREA. 2257 01:38:26,040 --> 01:38:27,240 WE TALKED ABOUT A CONTINUED 2258 01:38:27,240 --> 01:38:29,920 FOCUS ON HOW TO INTEGRATE AND 2259 01:38:29,920 --> 01:38:32,440 SYNCHRONIZE SIGNALS AND THE 2260 01:38:32,440 --> 01:38:39,160 CLINICAL SCALES WE HAVE NOW ARE 2261 01:38:39,160 --> 01:38:39,440 PROBLEMATIC. 2262 01:38:39,440 --> 01:38:40,640 THEY HAVE LOOK BACK TIMES OF 2263 01:38:40,640 --> 01:38:43,760 WEEKS AND NEW ZALES MAY NEED TO 2264 01:38:43,760 --> 01:38:45,640 BE DEVELOPED TO HELP CORRELATE 2265 01:38:45,640 --> 01:38:47,720 THESE TYPES OF CLINICAL SCALES 2266 01:38:47,720 --> 01:38:52,960 WITH THE NEW CONTINUOUS MEASURES 2267 01:38:52,960 --> 01:38:55,440 WE ARE COLLECTING OR MAY NEED TO 2268 01:38:55,440 --> 01:38:56,960 DEVELOP MEASURES TO HELP US 2269 01:38:56,960 --> 01:39:03,760 CROSS THAT GAP. 2270 01:39:03,760 --> 01:39:04,920 WE NEED INCREASED MEASUREMENT OF 2271 01:39:04,920 --> 01:39:10,200 THE STUDIES THEMSELVES AND ARE 2272 01:39:10,200 --> 01:39:12,880 THEY RELIABLE? 2273 01:39:12,880 --> 01:39:14,720 ARE THEY MEASURING WHAT WE THINK 2274 01:39:14,720 --> 01:39:18,560 THEY ARE MEASURING AND HOW DO WE 2275 01:39:18,560 --> 01:39:19,640 CAPTURE THE COMPLEXITY OF THE 2276 01:39:19,640 --> 01:39:19,960 ENVIRONMENT. 2277 01:39:19,960 --> 01:39:23,800 WE DISCUSSED WHAT IS THE FULL 2278 01:39:23,800 --> 01:39:27,400 BRAIN SYSTEM DOING RATHER THAN 2279 01:39:27,400 --> 01:39:29,960 JUST STUDYING ONE BRAIN BEHAVIOR 2280 01:39:29,960 --> 01:39:32,280 AND HOW CAN WE UNDERSTAND THOSE 2281 01:39:32,280 --> 01:39:37,000 BEHAVIORS AND BRING REGIONS AND 2282 01:39:37,000 --> 01:39:37,840 CONTEXT OF THE FULL SYSTEM AND 2283 01:39:37,840 --> 01:39:40,680 WHAT IS THE CONTEXT OR STATE, 2284 01:39:40,680 --> 01:39:44,800 HOW DOES THE STATE THE SYSTEM IS 2285 01:39:44,800 --> 01:39:47,320 IN PLAY A ROLE IN THE BEHAVIOR 2286 01:39:47,320 --> 01:39:48,040 AND INTERNAL STATES. 2287 01:39:48,040 --> 01:39:49,120 WE DISCUSSED THERE'S A GAP IN 2288 01:39:49,120 --> 01:39:51,800 THE INTERNAL STATES AND WHAT WE 2289 01:39:51,800 --> 01:39:53,600 CAN MEASURE BEHAVIORALLY. 2290 01:39:53,600 --> 01:39:55,280 WE CAN'T ALWAYS ACCESS THE 2291 01:39:55,280 --> 01:39:55,920 DIFFERENT INTERNAL STATES AND 2292 01:39:55,920 --> 01:39:58,720 CAN WE COME UP WITH NEW 2293 01:39:58,720 --> 01:40:00,560 STRATEGIES TO DO THAT AND WE 2294 01:40:00,560 --> 01:40:01,600 DISCUSSED WAYS TO CAPTURE OR IS 2295 01:40:01,600 --> 01:40:05,800 THERE A WAY TO CAPTURE A 2296 01:40:05,800 --> 01:40:07,840 PATIENT'S LIFE IN SOCIETY IN THE 2297 01:40:07,840 --> 01:40:10,040 CONTEXT OF THEIR LIFE AND THE 2298 01:40:10,040 --> 01:40:12,960 PEOPLE THEY MEET AND THE 2299 01:40:12,960 --> 01:40:19,840 DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES THEY 2300 01:40:19,840 --> 01:40:24,680 PERFORM. 2301 01:40:24,680 --> 01:40:28,960 BEFORE I PASS IT ON I'LL 2302 01:40:28,960 --> 01:40:30,840 DISCUSS THE POOLS. 2303 01:40:30,840 --> 01:40:32,440 >> AND INTRODUCE YOURSELF TO THE 2304 01:40:32,440 --> 01:40:34,440 GENERAL AUDIENCE BECAUSE SOME OF 2305 01:40:34,440 --> 01:40:36,720 THE PEOPLE IN THE OTHER WORKSHOP 2306 01:40:36,720 --> 01:40:37,920 DIDN'T GET TO HERE. 2307 01:40:37,920 --> 01:40:41,480 >> I'M KATHERINE SCANGOS A 2308 01:40:41,480 --> 01:40:43,160 MEDICAL DISTRICT AND ASSISTANT 2309 01:40:43,160 --> 01:40:45,840 PROFESSOR AT UCSF AND WAS 2310 01:40:45,840 --> 01:40:48,640 WORKING ON A CLINICAL TRIAL, 2311 01:40:48,640 --> 01:40:49,840 LEADING A CLINICAL TRIAL CLOSED 2312 01:40:49,840 --> 01:40:53,000 LOOP DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION AT 2313 01:40:53,000 --> 01:41:14,600 UCSF. 2314 01:41:14,600 --> 01:41:16,480 BACK TO THE BARRIERS WE 2315 01:41:16,480 --> 01:41:18,440 DISCUSSED THE NEED FOR GREATER 2316 01:41:18,440 --> 01:41:20,960 PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT AND 2317 01:41:20,960 --> 01:41:25,440 END USER PARTICIPANT AND 2318 01:41:25,440 --> 01:41:26,560 COLLABORATORS ACROSS THE SPACE 2319 01:41:26,560 --> 01:41:28,840 IN ORDER TO MAKE IMPROVEMENTS. 2320 01:41:28,840 --> 01:41:31,000 WE DISCUSSED STRATEGIES AS A 2321 01:41:31,000 --> 01:41:33,720 MENTIONED TO UNITE HUMAN AND 2322 01:41:33,720 --> 01:41:37,040 ANIMAL RESEARCH OR THE 2323 01:41:37,040 --> 01:41:38,840 STRATEGIES ARE NEEDED AND 2324 01:41:38,840 --> 01:41:41,000 THERE'S BEEN A NUMBER OF 2325 01:41:41,000 --> 01:41:44,240 CONSORTIA OR WORKING GROUPS TO 2326 01:41:44,240 --> 01:41:46,400 DO THIS AND THEIR NEEDS COULD BE 2327 01:41:46,400 --> 01:41:49,000 MORE IMPROVEMENTS IN HOW TO DO 2328 01:41:49,000 --> 01:41:50,960 THIS. 2329 01:41:50,960 --> 01:41:52,360 WE DISCUSSED ETHICAL 2330 01:41:52,360 --> 01:41:53,480 CONSIDERATIONS AND FRAME WORKS. 2331 01:41:53,480 --> 01:41:58,840 UNDERSTANDING HOW DATA IS USED 2332 01:41:58,840 --> 01:42:00,640 TO ENSURE IT WILL IMPROVE BRAIN 2333 01:42:00,640 --> 01:42:02,280 HEALTH AND WON'T BE USED FOR 2334 01:42:02,280 --> 01:42:04,440 OTHER PURPOSE AND THE LACK OF 2335 01:42:04,440 --> 01:42:07,120 UNDERSTANDING POTENTIALLY OF 2336 01:42:07,120 --> 01:42:08,240 PEOPLE, PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS 2337 01:42:08,240 --> 01:42:08,960 IN THE STUDY AND RESEARCHERS 2338 01:42:08,960 --> 01:42:16,640 THEMSELVES. 2339 01:42:16,640 --> 01:42:19,760 AN USING SYNCHRONIZED DATA COULD 2340 01:42:19,760 --> 01:42:20,880 INFLUENCE THE ETHICAL 2341 01:42:20,880 --> 01:42:25,280 CONSIDERATION IF YOU'RE LIKELY 2342 01:42:25,280 --> 01:42:28,160 TO MATCH DATA TO A PARTICULAR 2343 01:42:28,160 --> 01:42:32,960 PERSON IF YOU'RE SYNCHRONIZES 2344 01:42:32,960 --> 01:42:34,760 ACROSS SOURCES AND THE COMMON 2345 01:42:34,760 --> 01:42:35,480 LANGUAGE IS DIFFERENT AND 2346 01:42:35,480 --> 01:42:39,720 THERE'S DIFFERENT INCENTIVE 2347 01:42:39,720 --> 01:42:41,720 STRUCTURES AND THERE ISN'T 2348 01:42:41,720 --> 01:42:43,880 NECESSARILY A STRONG INCENTIVE 2349 01:42:43,880 --> 01:42:45,160 STRUCTURE FOR LARGE TEAMS AND 2350 01:42:45,160 --> 01:42:47,960 THAT SOME OF THE CONSORTIA BEING 2351 01:42:47,960 --> 01:42:48,720 DEVELOPED MAY NOT BE 2352 01:42:48,720 --> 01:42:50,960 COMPREHENSIVE PROVIDING ACCESS 2353 01:42:50,960 --> 01:42:54,360 TO ALGORITHMS BUT NOT THE 2354 01:42:54,360 --> 01:42:56,200 DEVICES THEMSELVES AND A NEED TO 2355 01:42:56,200 --> 01:42:58,800 ACHIEVE LARGER SAMPLE SIZES BY 2356 01:42:58,800 --> 01:43:01,840 BUILDING THESE COLLABORATE 2357 01:43:01,840 --> 01:43:05,000 RATIONS ACROSS THE DIFFERENT 2358 01:43:05,000 --> 01:43:10,080 TEAMS AND INSTITUTIONS. 2359 01:43:10,080 --> 01:43:15,720 I'LL PASS IT ALONG. 2360 01:43:15,720 --> 01:43:23,360 >> I'M AN ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AT 2361 01:43:23,360 --> 01:43:25,320 THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA AND AT 2362 01:43:25,320 --> 01:43:26,880 THE INSTITUTE FOR NEUROLOGICAL 2363 01:43:26,880 --> 01:43:28,960 DISORDER. 2364 01:43:28,960 --> 01:43:37,280 WE HAVE A COLLABORATIVE CAMPUS 2365 01:43:37,280 --> 01:43:39,240 WE HAD A FRUITFUL DISCUSSION ON 2366 01:43:39,240 --> 01:43:44,800 WHAT TOOLS DO WE NEED ACHIEVE 2367 01:43:44,800 --> 01:43:48,920 THE GOALS THIS PROGRAM THE BRAIN 2368 01:43:48,920 --> 01:43:50,240 BEHAVIOR QUANTIFICATION PROGRAM 2369 01:43:50,240 --> 01:43:52,040 IS UNDER THE BRAIN INITIATIVE 2370 01:43:52,040 --> 01:43:57,760 WHICH HAS A PRIVATE, PUBLIC 2371 01:43:57,760 --> 01:43:59,160 PARTNERSHIP IN PLAY. 2372 01:43:59,160 --> 01:44:07,800 WE NEED ALL THE STAKEHOLDERS TO 2373 01:44:07,800 --> 01:44:14,440 JOIN THE CONVERSATIONS AND THE 2374 01:44:14,440 --> 01:44:16,320 OUTCOME THAT COMES FROM THE WORK 2375 01:44:16,320 --> 01:44:19,800 SHOP IS FOR ALL THE STAKEHOLDERS 2376 01:44:19,800 --> 01:44:24,760 AND AGAIN WE SHOULDN'T FOR GET 2377 01:44:24,760 --> 01:44:30,280 THE "S" IN THE BARBECUE AND THE 2378 01:44:30,280 --> 01:44:33,040 SYNCHRONIZATION PROGRAM AND WE 2379 01:44:33,040 --> 01:44:35,600 DIDN'T TOUCH TOO MUCH ON 2380 01:44:35,600 --> 01:44:37,320 SYNCHRONIZATION YESTERDAY AND 2381 01:44:37,320 --> 01:44:39,280 LOOKING AT NATURAL BEHAVIOR IN 2382 01:44:39,280 --> 01:44:44,240 COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTS AND NEED TO 2383 01:44:44,240 --> 01:44:46,640 REMEMBER THE SOCIAL CONTEXT THAT 2384 01:44:46,640 --> 01:44:49,240 NEEDS TO BE SYNCHRONIZED OR 2385 01:44:49,240 --> 01:44:49,880 INTEGRATED WITH NEURAL DATA AND 2386 01:44:49,880 --> 01:44:57,200 BEHAVIOR. 2387 01:44:57,200 --> 01:45:00,880 THERE'S THE EXPERIENCE OF THE 2388 01:45:00,880 --> 01:45:01,640 DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION PATIENT 2389 01:45:01,640 --> 01:45:03,840 THAT RECEIVED THERAPY FOR 2390 01:45:03,840 --> 01:45:05,840 DEPRESSION AND THEIR MOOD WAS 2391 01:45:05,840 --> 01:45:15,080 ELEVATED BUT THEN THEY HAD TO 2392 01:45:15,080 --> 01:45:17,400 ATTEND A FUNERAL AND COULDN'T 2393 01:45:17,400 --> 01:45:20,920 EXPERIENCE SORROW AND WERE 2394 01:45:20,920 --> 01:45:22,720 EMBARRASSED. 2395 01:45:22,720 --> 01:45:25,800 WE TOUCHED ON THE PRIVATE SECTOR 2396 01:45:25,800 --> 01:45:28,040 DEVELOPING THESE DEVICES THAT IS 2397 01:45:28,040 --> 01:45:31,800 RECORDING THE NEURAL DATA. 2398 01:45:31,800 --> 01:45:34,040 WE NEED COMPUTATION WHETHER 2399 01:45:34,040 --> 01:45:38,840 THEY'RE RECEIVING THE SPATIAL 2400 01:45:38,840 --> 01:45:44,120 SCALES WE NEED TO DO NETWORK 2401 01:45:44,120 --> 01:45:48,960 NEUROSCIENCE TO DEVELOP 2402 01:45:48,960 --> 01:45:52,640 PERSONALIZED PSYCHIATRIC 2403 01:45:52,640 --> 01:45:58,760 THERAPEUTIC TOOLS WE MAY NEED A 2404 01:45:58,760 --> 01:46:04,160 WIDER NETWORK AND DO WE NEED IT 2405 01:46:04,160 --> 01:46:06,600 AT THE MICRO AS WELL AS THE 2406 01:46:06,600 --> 01:46:08,520 MACRO SCALE. 2407 01:46:08,520 --> 01:46:14,160 AND WHEN WE TALK ABOUT NETWORK 2408 01:46:14,160 --> 01:46:20,640 SCIENCE WE NEED TO DO LOOK AT 2409 01:46:20,640 --> 01:46:25,840 CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS AND WE NEED 2410 01:46:25,840 --> 01:46:29,760 TO LOOK AT DISTRIBUTED NETWORKS. 2411 01:46:29,760 --> 01:46:30,600 WHEN TALKING ABOUT THE WEARABLE 2412 01:46:30,600 --> 01:46:35,840 TECHNOLOGIES OR THE TECHNOLOGIES 2413 01:46:35,840 --> 01:46:38,360 THAT ARE GOING TO BE LABELLED 2414 01:46:38,360 --> 01:46:44,560 BUY -- BIO METRICS DATA WE NEED 2415 01:46:44,560 --> 01:46:47,240 THEM PORTABLE BECAUSE THEN WE'LL 2416 01:46:47,240 --> 01:46:52,960 AFFECT THE NATURAL BEHAVIOR. 2417 01:46:52,960 --> 01:46:57,240 PEOPLE CAN'T ACT NATURALLY IF 2418 01:46:57,240 --> 01:47:08,440 THEY'RE WEARING BULKY EQUIPMENT. 2419 01:47:08,440 --> 01:47:11,840 WE ALSO WOULD LIKE IT HAVE 2420 01:47:11,840 --> 01:47:17,640 TRANSPARENCY OF THE ALGORITHMS. 2421 01:47:17,640 --> 01:47:19,800 THAT'S CRUCIAL. 2422 01:47:19,800 --> 01:47:26,480 WE NEED TO LOOK AT THE MODEL AND 2423 01:47:26,480 --> 01:47:28,640 TRANSLATE IT BACK AND IF THE 2424 01:47:28,640 --> 01:47:34,640 MODEL IS TOO COMPLEX IF WE CAN'T 2425 01:47:34,640 --> 01:47:41,000 BASICALLY MAP IT BACK TO AN 2426 01:47:41,000 --> 01:47:46,360 INFORMATION AND WE MODEL THE 2427 01:47:46,360 --> 01:47:52,960 TECHNOLOGIES AS WELL AS THE 2428 01:47:52,960 --> 01:47:54,920 TECHNOLOGY ITSELF. 2429 01:47:54,920 --> 01:48:04,040 GRANTS TA WILL PROVIDE MODELLING 2430 01:48:04,040 --> 01:48:05,480 DISSEMINATION AND THE MODELLING 2431 01:48:05,480 --> 01:48:08,920 THAT WORKS IS IMPORTANT AND AS 2432 01:48:08,920 --> 01:48:12,440 WE PUBLISH OUR SCIENTIFIC 2433 01:48:12,440 --> 01:48:14,280 FINDING WE NEED TO MAKE SURE THE 2434 01:48:14,280 --> 01:48:16,280 PRIVATE PARTNERS ARE MEETING 2435 01:48:16,280 --> 01:48:22,800 THEM SO THEY CAN ALSO TUNE THEIR 2436 01:48:22,800 --> 01:48:31,400 HARDWARE AND SCIENCE TO THE 2437 01:48:31,400 --> 01:48:38,920 NEEDS OF OBESITY, OCD AND THE 2438 01:48:38,920 --> 01:48:43,320 FREQUENCY SIGNALS AND THE 2439 01:48:43,320 --> 01:48:45,920 COMPANIES HAVE BEEN BANKING ON 2440 01:48:45,920 --> 01:48:49,600 RHYTHMS THAT ARE A LITTLE FASTER 2441 01:48:49,600 --> 01:48:51,040 THAN THOSE. 2442 01:48:51,040 --> 01:48:53,000 WE APPRECIATE THE EFFORT OF THE 2443 01:48:53,000 --> 01:48:56,240 WORKSHOP TOGETHER AND WOULD ALSO 2444 01:48:56,240 --> 01:49:00,560 LIKE TO BASICALLY HAVE ALL THE 2445 01:49:00,560 --> 01:49:01,640 STAKEHOLDERS AT THE TABLE NEXT 2446 01:49:01,640 --> 01:49:02,280 TIME AROUND TO GIVE EACH OTHER 2447 01:49:02,280 --> 01:49:12,960 FEEDBACK. 2448 01:49:12,960 --> 01:49:14,160 >> THANK YOU. 2449 01:49:14,160 --> 01:49:16,960 AND TO HOLLY FOR MODERATING THE 2450 01:49:16,960 --> 01:49:17,440 SESSION. 2451 01:49:17,440 --> 01:49:18,200 HOLLY PUT IN THE CHAT 2452 01:49:18,200 --> 01:49:21,040 INFORMATION ABOUT A NEW DARPA 2453 01:49:21,040 --> 01:49:22,680 INITIATIVE THAT IS QUITE 2454 01:49:22,680 --> 01:49:24,920 RELEVANT TO THE WORKSHOP SO TAKE 2455 01:49:24,920 --> 01:49:28,240 A LOOK AT THAT. 2456 01:49:28,240 --> 01:49:30,560 AND WE HAVE SOME TIME FOR 2457 01:49:30,560 --> 01:49:35,120 DISCUSSION ABOUT BASICALLY YOUR 2458 01:49:35,120 --> 01:49:36,240 REACTIONS TO THE REPORT OUT. 2459 01:49:36,240 --> 01:49:41,040 SOME MAY WANT TO ASK QUESTIONS 2460 01:49:41,040 --> 01:49:42,240 AND THOSE WHEN THE BREAKOUT 2461 01:49:42,240 --> 01:49:45,360 SESSION MAY HAVE QUESTIONS FOR 2462 01:49:45,360 --> 01:49:45,920 TALMO AND KIM. 2463 01:49:45,920 --> 01:49:47,080 PUT YOUR QUESTIONS IN THE CHAT 2464 01:49:47,080 --> 01:49:49,320 OR RAISE YOUR HAND, TURN YOUR 2465 01:49:49,320 --> 01:49:50,040 CAMERA ON BUT LET'S OPEN IT UP 2466 01:49:50,040 --> 01:50:16,200 FOR DISCUSSION. 2467 01:50:16,200 --> 01:50:17,440 >> KAREN. 2468 01:50:17,440 --> 01:50:20,440 >> THANKS FOR THE EX TENSE 2469 01:50:20,440 --> 01:50:20,720 SUMMARIES. 2470 01:50:20,720 --> 01:50:23,000 I FELT LIKE I WAS IN THE FIRST 2471 01:50:23,000 --> 01:50:24,000 BREAKOUT GROUP THOUGH I WAS IN 2472 01:50:24,000 --> 01:50:24,560 THE OTHER. 2473 01:50:24,560 --> 01:50:27,840 THANK YOU FOR THAT. 2474 01:50:27,840 --> 01:50:29,320 I WANTED TO MOVE BACK TO SOME OF 2475 01:50:29,320 --> 01:50:34,440 THE ETHICS CONSIDERATIONS AND 2476 01:50:34,440 --> 01:50:35,440 I'M CURIOUS HOW THE GROUP MAY 2477 01:50:35,440 --> 01:50:37,320 THINK MORE DEEPLY HOW SOME OF 2478 01:50:37,320 --> 01:50:42,520 THE SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS ARE 2479 01:50:42,520 --> 01:50:44,400 ALSO ETHICAL ONES. 2480 01:50:44,400 --> 01:50:48,920 FOR EXAMPLE, IT'S A HARD TASK 2481 01:50:48,920 --> 01:50:51,640 BUT IN OUR ATTEMPT TO OBJECTIFY 2482 01:50:51,640 --> 01:50:55,040 EVERYTHING HAVE WE TURNED HUMANS 2483 01:50:55,040 --> 01:50:59,600 INTO OBJECTS AND A LOT OF I 2484 01:50:59,600 --> 01:51:00,280 HEARD WITH THE SCIENTIFIC DESIGN 2485 01:51:00,280 --> 01:51:02,040 WAS WAS A LOT ABOUT THE 2486 01:51:02,040 --> 01:51:04,080 QUESTIONS ONE MAY ASK BUT NOT 2487 01:51:04,080 --> 01:51:05,200 CONSIDERATION OF THE HUMAN IN 2488 01:51:05,200 --> 01:51:07,040 THE PLACE IT WAS GOING TO BE 2489 01:51:07,040 --> 01:51:09,000 QUANTIFIED AND THE POSSIBLE 2490 01:51:09,000 --> 01:51:11,800 OPPORTUNITY FOR THEM TO BE 2491 01:51:11,800 --> 01:51:13,240 ACTUALLY RESEARCH PARTNERS EVEN 2492 01:51:13,240 --> 01:51:16,240 COLLABORATORS AND GIVING US 2493 01:51:16,240 --> 01:51:19,160 GREATER INSIGHT INTO THE WAYS 2494 01:51:19,160 --> 01:51:20,040 THE TECHNOLOGY MIGHT BE 2495 01:51:20,040 --> 01:51:20,640 DESIGNED. 2496 01:51:20,640 --> 01:51:22,120 WHAT TYPES OF QUESTIONS WE MIGHT 2497 01:51:22,120 --> 01:51:25,440 BE ABLE TO REASONABLY ASK AND 2498 01:51:25,440 --> 01:51:27,240 THE TYPES OF CONSIDERATIONS AND 2499 01:51:27,240 --> 01:51:31,000 CONCERNS THEY MAY HAVE ABOUT THE 2500 01:51:31,000 --> 01:51:32,920 WAYS THEY'RE BEING CATEGORIZED 2501 01:51:32,920 --> 01:51:34,480 AND THE TYPES OF WAYS THEIR 2502 01:51:34,480 --> 01:51:36,720 INFORMATION AND INFERENCES FROM 2503 01:51:36,720 --> 01:51:41,560 THEIR DATA MIGHT BE INTERPRETED. 2504 01:51:41,560 --> 01:51:43,840 I WONDER IF THERE'S ANY 2505 01:51:43,840 --> 01:51:44,800 OFFERINGS FROM THE GROUP THAT 2506 01:51:44,800 --> 01:51:49,240 THINK SO DEEPLY ABOUT BEHAVIOR 2507 01:51:49,240 --> 01:51:51,240 HOW WE MIGHT EXPLORE SOME OF 2508 01:51:51,240 --> 01:51:52,640 THOSE RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE 2509 01:51:52,640 --> 01:51:55,360 PARTNERS WHO MIGHT BE HUMANS, I 2510 01:51:55,360 --> 01:51:56,240 GUESS, THERE'S A LOT OF 2511 01:51:56,240 --> 01:51:59,440 COMPARATIVE RESEARCHERS HERE TOO 2512 01:51:59,440 --> 01:52:05,000 BUT HOW WE MIGHT AVOID THE 2513 01:52:05,000 --> 01:52:07,840 TRAPPINGS OF THE QUANTIFIED 2514 01:52:07,840 --> 01:52:10,280 MOVEMENT THAT MOST OF US KNOW 2515 01:52:10,280 --> 01:52:12,520 STARTED IN SILICON VALLEY AS A 2516 01:52:12,520 --> 01:52:13,840 MARKETING SCHEME ANYWAY AND HOW 2517 01:52:13,840 --> 01:52:15,920 DO WE MOVE BEYOND THAT TO 2518 01:52:15,920 --> 01:52:18,800 SOMETHING MEANINGFUL AN 2519 01:52:18,800 --> 01:52:19,040 INCLUSIVE. 2520 01:52:19,040 --> 01:52:20,960 AND I SEE JOHN ON HERE AND I 2521 01:52:20,960 --> 01:52:22,320 KNOW HE'S SOMEONE WHO DEEPLY 2522 01:52:22,320 --> 01:52:32,800 CARES ABOUT THIS AS WELL. 2523 01:52:32,800 --> 01:52:35,040 >> JOHN, DID YOU WANT TO REACT 2524 01:52:35,040 --> 01:52:37,040 OR DID HAVE YOU A HAND UP? 2525 01:52:37,040 --> 01:52:39,160 >> I'LL LOVE TO HEAR OTHER 2526 01:52:39,160 --> 01:52:39,760 PEOPLE'S THOUGHTS. 2527 01:52:39,760 --> 01:52:44,720 I HAVE A QUESTION FOR THE GROUP 2528 01:52:44,720 --> 01:52:46,560 BUT I WOULD LOVE TO HEAR 2529 01:52:46,560 --> 01:52:48,560 PEOPLE'S THOUGHTS ON THIS. 2530 01:52:48,560 --> 01:52:55,880 >> IF YOUR HAND SUP AND -- SUP 2531 01:52:55,880 --> 01:52:58,840 SUP -- IS UP AND I CAN'T SEE 2532 01:52:58,840 --> 01:53:01,000 YOUR HAND UP PLEASE RAISE IT 2533 01:53:01,000 --> 01:53:01,240 ANYWAYS. 2534 01:53:01,240 --> 01:53:02,320 >> WHAT OPPORTUNITIES COME TO 2535 01:53:02,320 --> 01:53:05,200 MIND WE MIGHT MISS OUT ON WHEN 2536 01:53:05,200 --> 01:53:09,440 WE REALLY CONSIDER THE AGENCY OF 2537 01:53:09,440 --> 01:53:11,680 OUR PATIENT PARTNERS. 2538 01:53:11,680 --> 01:53:14,840 FOR EXAMPLE, MAYBE OUR SELF-ALL 2539 01:53:14,840 --> 01:53:18,080 RIGHT MEASURES ARE INADEQUATE OR 2540 01:53:18,080 --> 01:53:24,960 THE TIME SCALE IS INADEQUATE. 2541 01:53:24,960 --> 01:53:27,360 THE INDIVIDUAL CAPABLE OF 2542 01:53:27,360 --> 01:53:28,280 MODULATING THE BRAIN STATE. 2543 01:53:28,280 --> 01:53:30,440 WE SKIP THE ISSUE OF TRYING TO 2544 01:53:30,440 --> 01:53:31,720 MEASURE IT AND INSTEAD OUR PROXY 2545 01:53:31,720 --> 01:53:34,040 IS THE PERSON'S ABILITY TO MOVE 2546 01:53:34,040 --> 01:53:35,600 IN AND OUT OF THAT BRAIN STATE 2547 01:53:35,600 --> 01:53:36,960 WITH SOME TRAINING AND 2548 01:53:36,960 --> 01:53:40,240 CONSTRAINT. 2549 01:53:40,240 --> 01:53:41,280 JUST GIVING AN EXAMPLE TO 2550 01:53:41,280 --> 01:53:46,800 STIMULATE MORE BRAIN STORMING. 2551 01:53:46,800 --> 01:53:47,960 >> MALCOLM PUT A COMMENT IN THE 2552 01:53:47,960 --> 01:53:48,960 CHAT. 2553 01:53:48,960 --> 01:53:55,040 DO YOU WANT TO SPEAK UP? 2554 01:53:55,040 --> 01:53:57,920 I WAS JUST I APPRECIATE THE 2555 01:53:57,920 --> 01:54:01,840 POINT ABOUT OBJECTIVE FICTION OF 2556 01:54:01,840 --> 01:54:02,560 HUMANS. 2557 01:54:02,560 --> 01:54:08,240 I'M NOT SURE HOW TO AVOID THAT 2558 01:54:08,240 --> 01:54:09,600 IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NEED TO 2559 01:54:09,600 --> 01:54:16,040 QUANTIFY BEHAVIOR BUT I DO THINK 2560 01:54:16,040 --> 01:54:23,000 SUBJECTIVE STATE IS NOT 2561 01:54:23,000 --> 01:54:24,840 ADEQUATELY MEASURED AND I MYSELF 2562 01:54:24,840 --> 01:54:26,440 AM IN THE DOING RESEARCH ON 2563 01:54:26,440 --> 01:54:28,160 PSYCHEDELICS BUT I HEARD PEOPLE 2564 01:54:28,160 --> 01:54:29,480 ARE DOING RESEARCH ON 2565 01:54:29,480 --> 01:54:33,080 PSYCHEDELICS AND ARE THINKING 2566 01:54:33,080 --> 01:54:35,640 ABOUT THIS AND WHETHER ANYBODY 2567 01:54:35,640 --> 01:54:36,880 HERE IS DOING THAT RESEARCH OR 2568 01:54:36,880 --> 01:54:38,640 KNOWS SOME OF THE TECHNIQUES 2569 01:54:38,640 --> 01:54:42,320 THAT MIGHT BE BROUGHT TO BEAR ON 2570 01:54:42,320 --> 01:54:54,360 BETTER SCIENCE OF SUBJECTIVITY. 2571 01:54:54,360 --> 01:54:56,200 >> BECOMES MORE RELEVANT IS TO 2572 01:54:56,200 --> 01:54:57,360 HAVING THE PATIENTS BE 2573 01:54:57,360 --> 01:54:58,880 COLLABORATORS BECAUSE OTHERWISE 2574 01:54:58,880 --> 01:55:01,880 IT DOESN'T WORK. 2575 01:55:01,880 --> 01:55:03,200 WE DON'T HAVE THE SAME TOOLS 2576 01:55:03,200 --> 01:55:04,680 AVAILABLE AT HOME. 2577 01:55:04,680 --> 01:55:10,120 AND OTHER THING IN THE LAB I 2578 01:55:10,120 --> 01:55:12,840 WANTED TO MENTION WE'RE OFTEN 2579 01:55:12,840 --> 01:55:14,960 MOTIVATE THE ANIMAL STUDIES AND 2580 01:55:14,960 --> 01:55:16,920 THE OBJECTIVE AND RIGOR BUT AT 2581 01:55:16,920 --> 01:55:20,200 THE SAME TIME WE MAY FORGET 2582 01:55:20,200 --> 01:55:24,920 IGNORE THE FACT THAT AS HUMANS 2583 01:55:24,920 --> 01:55:26,920 THEY CAN SHIFT EASILY BETWEEN 2584 01:55:26,920 --> 01:55:28,560 COGNITIVE STATES BASED ON A 2585 01:55:28,560 --> 01:55:31,000 SINGLE VERBAL INSTRUCTION AND WE 2586 01:55:31,000 --> 01:55:36,040 NEED TO NOT SHY FROM EXPLORING 2587 01:55:36,040 --> 01:55:37,840 THOSE SHIFT AND DIFFERENCES 2588 01:55:37,840 --> 01:55:39,760 ACROSS SPECIES. 2589 01:55:39,760 --> 01:55:41,840 A LOT OF TIMES THAT'S MEANT WITH 2590 01:55:41,840 --> 01:55:46,000 HESITANCY TO BE OPEN TO THE FACT 2591 01:55:46,000 --> 01:55:48,240 THAT THERE ARE PERHAPS CROSS 2592 01:55:48,240 --> 01:55:49,000 SPECIES DIFFERENCES AND THE FULL 2593 01:55:49,000 --> 01:55:50,960 PICTURE PROVIDES INSIDE INTO THE 2594 01:55:50,960 --> 01:55:51,240 BEHAVIORS. 2595 01:55:51,240 --> 01:55:52,960 THANKS FOR BRINGING THAT UP. 2596 01:55:52,960 --> 01:56:00,760 IT'S IMPORTANT ALSO FOR US TO 2597 01:56:00,760 --> 01:56:03,440 DESIGN OBJECTIVE STUDIES 2598 01:56:03,440 --> 01:56:05,200 CONTROLLED AND RIGOROUS BUT AT 2599 01:56:05,200 --> 01:56:07,840 THE SAME TIME REMEMBER THEY'RE 2600 01:56:07,840 --> 01:56:11,680 HUMAN BEINGS. 2601 01:56:11,680 --> 01:56:13,440 >> I AGREE WITH THAT AS WELL AND 2602 01:56:13,440 --> 01:56:17,360 IN FACT WHEN OUR PATIENTS IN OUR 2603 01:56:17,360 --> 01:56:22,840 TRIAL COME IN AND THAT'S WHAT WE 2604 01:56:22,840 --> 01:56:29,240 TELL THEM THEY'RE ACTUAL TO 2605 01:56:29,240 --> 01:56:31,280 CONTRIBUTING TO THE RESEARCH AND 2606 01:56:31,280 --> 01:56:32,160 BECAUSE IT'S ALL EXPLORATORY 2607 01:56:32,160 --> 01:56:34,360 IT'S NECESSARY AND WE DON'T HAVE 2608 01:56:34,360 --> 01:56:35,800 GOOD MEASURES OF IN TERRIBLE 2609 01:56:35,800 --> 01:56:36,000 STATE. 2610 01:56:36,000 --> 01:56:41,040 WE NEED THE PATIENTS THEMSELVES 2611 01:56:41,040 --> 01:56:44,720 TO SAY AND SAYING THIS ISN'T 2612 01:56:44,720 --> 01:56:45,840 CAPTURING WHAT I'M FEELING OR 2613 01:56:45,840 --> 01:56:48,120 HOW CAN WE CHANGE THE SCALE TO 2614 01:56:48,120 --> 01:56:49,880 BETTER CAPTURE THAT OR WHAT 2615 01:56:49,880 --> 01:56:51,560 STATES DO YOU FEEL ARE 2616 01:56:51,560 --> 01:56:52,160 REPRESENTATIVE OF A NATURAL 2617 01:56:52,160 --> 01:56:53,960 ENVIRONMENT AT HOME WE CAN TRY 2618 01:56:53,960 --> 01:56:59,120 TO RECREATE AND LET'S COME UP 2619 01:56:59,120 --> 01:57:00,640 WITH A LIST TOGETHER WITH THE 2620 01:57:00,640 --> 01:57:00,960 PATIENT. 2621 01:57:00,960 --> 01:57:04,040 WE HAVEN'T CAPTURED THAT IN THE 2622 01:57:04,040 --> 01:57:04,960 QUESTIONS BUT I'M GLAD IT CAME 2623 01:57:04,960 --> 01:57:14,840 UP. 2624 01:57:14,840 --> 01:57:16,600 >> THANK YOU SUGGESTING 2625 01:57:16,600 --> 01:57:30,280 SOMETHING LIKE A HIGH TECH BIO 2626 01:57:30,280 --> 01:57:31,840 FEEDBACK STAYING AWAY FROM A 2627 01:57:31,840 --> 01:57:32,680 MENTAL STATE AND LEARN THROUGH 2628 01:57:32,680 --> 01:57:34,800 THE FEEDBACK OF THE MACHINE. 2629 01:57:34,800 --> 01:57:36,480 IS THAT WHAT YOU'RE SUGGESTING? 2630 01:57:36,480 --> 01:57:41,640 AND I WONDER WHETHER THAT NOW 2631 01:57:41,640 --> 01:57:46,480 BECOMES TRICKY BECAUSE THEY'RE 2632 01:57:46,480 --> 01:57:47,880 ESSENTIALLY LEARNING TO CONTROL 2633 01:57:47,880 --> 01:57:53,440 WHAT WE READ OUT AND PRESENT AS 2634 01:57:53,440 --> 01:58:00,640 A FEEDBACK. 2635 01:58:00,640 --> 01:58:01,880 THE BOTTOM LINE IS ARE THEY 2636 01:58:01,880 --> 01:58:02,520 GETTING BETTER. 2637 01:58:02,520 --> 01:58:05,480 >> IN THIS CONVERSATION IT'S 2638 01:58:05,480 --> 01:58:08,760 IMPORTANT TO CLARIFY WHEN WE 2639 01:58:08,760 --> 01:58:10,040 TALKING ABOUT HARNESSING A FORCE 2640 01:58:10,040 --> 01:58:11,160 TO ADVANCE OUR SCIENCE. 2641 01:58:11,160 --> 01:58:12,960 WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE INCLUDE 2642 01:58:12,960 --> 01:58:16,000 THAT IN OUR EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 2643 01:58:16,000 --> 01:58:18,840 SOMEHOW TO GET AROUND THE ISSUE 2644 01:58:18,840 --> 01:58:24,920 OF SELF-REPORT BEING TOO AM 2645 01:58:24,920 --> 01:58:28,920 BIG -- AMBIGUOUS AND THE ROLE OF 2646 01:58:28,920 --> 01:58:32,680 THE PATIENT AS AN AGENT IN THEIR 2647 01:58:32,680 --> 01:58:37,360 CARE AND THOSE GET CONFUSED WHEN 2648 01:58:37,360 --> 01:58:41,000 WE TALK ABOUT CLOSED LOOP BRAIN 2649 01:58:41,000 --> 01:58:42,640 STIMULATION. 2650 01:58:42,640 --> 01:58:44,040 >> THE TOOLS WE HAVE AND 2651 01:58:44,040 --> 01:58:45,640 PATIENTS CAN SAY I'M FEELING 2652 01:58:45,640 --> 01:58:51,040 BETTER OR WORSE OR EXPERIENCED 2653 01:58:51,040 --> 01:58:52,640 TRAUMA AND 2654 01:58:52,640 --> 01:58:55,120 >> I'LL READ FROM THE Q&A. 2655 01:58:55,120 --> 01:58:58,720 BEFORE WE MOVE TON A DIFFERENT 2656 01:58:58,720 --> 01:59:04,520 TOPIC SORRY TO INTERRUPT. 2657 01:59:04,520 --> 01:59:06,680 AND USING A DIVERSE SET OF 2658 01:59:06,680 --> 01:59:11,840 BEHAVIORS THERE'S A SUGGESTION 2659 01:59:11,840 --> 01:59:17,720 IN THE Q&A THE COMBHUBT FOCUSSED 2660 01:59:17,720 --> 01:59:19,440 ON SIGN LANGUAGE AND THAT'S AN 2661 01:59:19,440 --> 01:59:20,680 EXAMPLE OF HOW TO BRING IN 2662 01:59:20,680 --> 01:59:22,000 STAKEHOLDERS AND AN EXAMPLE OF 2663 01:59:22,000 --> 01:59:23,240 BRINGING IN DIFFERENT KINDS OF 2664 01:59:23,240 --> 01:59:25,240 COMMUNITY WHERE'S THE BEHAVIORAL 2665 01:59:25,240 --> 01:59:26,040 OUTPUT OF INTERNAL STATES IS 2666 01:59:26,040 --> 01:59:33,040 QUITE DIVERSE. 2667 01:59:33,040 --> 01:59:36,600 WE CAN DISCUSS THAT AND INVITE 2668 01:59:36,600 --> 01:59:41,640 TALMO TO CHIME IN IF IT'S ON THE 2669 01:59:41,640 --> 01:59:42,560 SAME TOPIC IF NOT WE'LL STAY 2670 01:59:42,560 --> 01:59:45,000 WITH THAT A FEW SECONDS AND 2671 01:59:45,000 --> 01:59:47,240 TALMO CAN CHIME IN. 2672 01:59:47,240 --> 02:00:00,560 >> TIM ALSO HAD HIS HAND UP. 2673 02:00:00,560 --> 02:00:03,400 >> WE'RE TRYING TO ORGANIZE 2674 02:00:03,400 --> 02:00:04,960 AROUND TOPICS NOT JUST GO IN 2675 02:00:04,960 --> 02:00:07,880 ORDER. 2676 02:00:07,880 --> 02:00:12,960 >> I WANTED TO UNDER SCORE THE 2677 02:00:12,960 --> 02:00:16,960 PREVIOUS COMMENTS ABOUT 2678 02:00:16,960 --> 02:00:21,360 OBJECTIFYING THROUGH THE 2679 02:00:21,360 --> 02:00:26,840 MEASUREMENT AND THINK OF NOT HOW 2680 02:00:26,840 --> 02:00:28,920 WE INCORPORATE THE HUMAN SUBJECT 2681 02:00:28,920 --> 02:00:30,480 AND THEIR AGENCY AND TAKE INTO 2682 02:00:30,480 --> 02:00:34,720 ACCOUNT THEIR AGENCY OR ABILITY 2683 02:00:34,720 --> 02:00:45,920 TO BE AGE AN AGENT OF THEIR OWN 2684 02:00:45,920 --> 02:00:49,880 CARE AND THE QUESTION FROM 2685 02:00:49,880 --> 02:00:53,480 CHRISTEN CAPSULATE THE CHALLENGE 2686 02:00:53,480 --> 02:00:55,040 AND OPPORTUNITY WHERE NOT ONLY 2687 02:00:55,040 --> 02:00:57,240 ARE PEOPLE TRYING TO ADVOCATE 2688 02:00:57,240 --> 02:01:00,440 FOR THEMSELVES BUT FOR PEOPLE IN 2689 02:01:00,440 --> 02:01:02,840 SITUATIONS SIMILAR TO THEIR OWN 2690 02:01:02,840 --> 02:01:03,680 AND DETERMINING WHETHER OR NOT A 2691 02:01:03,680 --> 02:01:06,120 MEASURE IS WORKING FOR THEM OR A 2692 02:01:06,120 --> 02:01:08,560 TASK IS WORKING FOR THEM OR A 2693 02:01:08,560 --> 02:01:09,200 SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGY IS WORKING 2694 02:01:09,200 --> 02:01:13,640 FOR THEM. 2695 02:01:13,640 --> 02:01:16,960 I WOULD LIKE TO INVITE EVERYBODY 2696 02:01:16,960 --> 02:01:20,960 TO THINK WITH THE SOCIAL AGENCY 2697 02:01:20,960 --> 02:01:23,880 AND THE SOCIAL CULTURAL TIE 2698 02:01:23,880 --> 02:01:24,880 EVERY HUMAN SUBJECT BRINGS INTO 2699 02:01:24,880 --> 02:01:31,120 OUR STUDIES AND USE WHATEVER 2700 02:01:31,120 --> 02:01:31,960 OPPORTUNITIES ARE POSSIBLE TO 2701 02:01:31,960 --> 02:01:32,720 BRING COMMUNITIES INTO THE 2702 02:01:32,720 --> 02:01:39,720 RESEARCH PROCESS. 2703 02:01:39,720 --> 02:01:40,720 >> THANK YOU. 2704 02:01:40,720 --> 02:01:42,520 >> A DIFFERENT TOPIC BUT BECAUSE 2705 02:01:42,520 --> 02:01:43,560 WE ARE IN THE OTHER BREAKOUT 2706 02:01:43,560 --> 02:01:45,680 SESSION I WAS CURIOUS IF FROM 2707 02:01:45,680 --> 02:01:50,760 THE HUMAN PERSPECTIVE THERE WAS 2708 02:01:50,760 --> 02:01:59,760 A DISCUSSION ON HARDWARE THAT GO 2709 02:01:59,760 --> 02:02:01,600 TO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION. 2710 02:02:01,600 --> 02:02:03,600 IN OUR SESSION THERE'S 2711 02:02:03,600 --> 02:02:08,880 DIFFICULTY IN LEVERAGING VIDEO 2712 02:02:08,880 --> 02:02:11,840 CAMERAS AND LOOK AT OTHER 2713 02:02:11,840 --> 02:02:16,840 INSTRUMENTS LIKE BEING ABLE TO 2714 02:02:16,840 --> 02:02:18,920 HAVE WIRELESS COMMUNICATION AN 2715 02:02:18,920 --> 02:02:19,640 SYNCHRONIZATION ACROSS OUR TOOLS 2716 02:02:19,640 --> 02:02:23,800 AND I FEEL LIKE YOU PROBABLY 2717 02:02:23,800 --> 02:02:26,760 DEALT WITH THAT FOR A FAIR 2718 02:02:26,760 --> 02:02:27,000 EXTENT 2719 02:02:27,000 --> 02:02:28,440 >> IN TERMS OF THE PATIENTS 2720 02:02:28,440 --> 02:02:36,160 BEING THE STAKEHOLDER WE WOULD 2721 02:02:36,160 --> 02:02:37,920 LIKE TO HAVE SOMETHING NOT 2722 02:02:37,920 --> 02:02:39,320 FAULTY WE'D LIKE THEM TO ACT AS 2723 02:02:39,320 --> 02:02:40,840 NATURAL AS THEY CAN. 2724 02:02:40,840 --> 02:02:43,160 >> WE WOULD AS WELL. 2725 02:02:43,160 --> 02:02:43,920 >> FAN TAFKT. 2726 02:02:43,920 --> 02:02:44,040 2727 02:02:48,000 --> 02:02:48,520 FANTASTIC. 2728 02:02:48,520 --> 02:02:53,000 >> WE'VE NEVER ASKED THEM 2729 02:02:53,000 --> 02:02:55,240 WHETHER THEY THINK IT'S COOL OR 2730 02:02:55,240 --> 02:02:56,440 WHETHER IT WAS AFFECT THEIR 2731 02:02:56,440 --> 02:02:59,320 NATURAL BEHAVIOR. 2732 02:02:59,320 --> 02:03:04,200 WE CAN TALK TO THE STAKEHOLDERS 2733 02:03:04,200 --> 02:03:07,640 BEING THE PATIENTS AND I LIKE 2734 02:03:07,640 --> 02:03:12,120 THE IDEA OF BRINGING SOCIAL 2735 02:03:12,120 --> 02:03:13,320 CULTURAL TIES FOR INSTANCE, I 2736 02:03:13,320 --> 02:03:15,000 TEACH NEURAL ENGINEERING AND THE 2737 02:03:15,000 --> 02:03:18,640 SAME CLASS I TEACH WE HAVE 2738 02:03:18,640 --> 02:03:19,880 AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE BEING 2739 02:03:19,880 --> 02:03:25,880 TAUGHT AND THERE'S A COURSE 2740 02:03:25,880 --> 02:03:29,080 CALLED DEAF CULTURE AND THEY'RE 2741 02:03:29,080 --> 02:03:33,280 ARTISTS AND DON'T LIKE TO BE 2742 02:03:33,280 --> 02:03:35,000 CALLED PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES 2743 02:03:35,000 --> 02:03:36,880 BECAUSE THEY CAN COMMUNICATE. 2744 02:03:36,880 --> 02:03:39,720 WE NEED TO WIDEN OUR ROLES AND 2745 02:03:39,720 --> 02:03:40,400 LEARN AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE. 2746 02:03:40,400 --> 02:03:43,840 I LOVE THAT YOU BROUGHT THAT UP. 2747 02:03:43,840 --> 02:03:47,240 >> THANKS, JOHN, YOUR THOUGHTS. 2748 02:03:47,240 --> 02:03:49,480 >> I'D LIKE TO GENERALIZE 2749 02:03:49,480 --> 02:03:52,960 TALMO'S QUESTION TO THE GROUP 2750 02:03:52,960 --> 02:03:55,760 FOR EVERYONE TO CONSIDER AND LET 2751 02:03:55,760 --> 02:04:00,600 ME FRAME IT FOR SAYING WE 2752 02:04:00,600 --> 02:04:02,440 SEPARATE THE GROUPS INTO HUMAN 2753 02:04:02,440 --> 02:04:05,560 AND COMPARATIVE AND THAT'S A 2754 02:04:05,560 --> 02:04:08,840 EUPHEMISM FOR NON-HUMAN. 2755 02:04:08,840 --> 02:04:10,520 WHAT CAN COMPARATIVE MODELS 2756 02:04:10,520 --> 02:04:16,720 TEACH US AND HUMANS ARE ANIMALS 2757 02:04:16,720 --> 02:04:17,640 TOO. 2758 02:04:17,640 --> 02:04:21,040 AN FOR LOGISTICAL REASONS I WE 2759 02:04:21,040 --> 02:04:23,200 SEPARATE THE GROUPS BUT I SEE 2760 02:04:23,200 --> 02:04:25,600 THE POWER OF FOLKS WORKING ON 2761 02:04:25,600 --> 02:04:28,840 HUMANS BEHAVIORS INTERACTING AND 2762 02:04:28,840 --> 02:04:34,280 LEARNING FROM PEOPLE WORKING ON 2763 02:04:34,280 --> 02:04:35,040 OTHER SYSTEMS. 2764 02:04:35,040 --> 02:04:38,600 I'M WONDERING IF EVERYBODY HERE 2765 02:04:38,600 --> 02:04:40,880 ARE HEARING THE REPORT OUT AND 2766 02:04:40,880 --> 02:04:42,280 WHAT DO YOU SEE AS POSSIBLE 2767 02:04:42,280 --> 02:04:47,360 OPPORTUNITIES OR EVEN BARRIERS 2768 02:04:47,360 --> 02:04:52,960 FOR THAT INTERACTION FOR PEOPLE 2769 02:04:52,960 --> 02:04:56,480 STUDYING DIFFERENT ORGANISMS AND 2770 02:04:56,480 --> 02:04:58,760 POSES VERY IMPORTANT OTHER 2771 02:04:58,760 --> 02:05:00,160 CONSIDERATIONS NOT THAT WORKING 2772 02:05:00,160 --> 02:05:01,840 WITH ANIMALS DOESN'T AS WELL BUT 2773 02:05:01,840 --> 02:05:04,880 I THINK THEY'RE IN A DIFFERENT 2774 02:05:04,880 --> 02:05:07,440 NOT JUST IN A DIFFERENT DEGREES 2775 02:05:07,440 --> 02:05:11,080 BUT ALSO DIFFERENT CONTEXT ALL 2776 02:05:11,080 --> 02:05:11,840 TOGETHER. 2777 02:05:11,840 --> 02:05:13,840 WHAT DO SOME PEOPLE SEE AS AREAS 2778 02:05:13,840 --> 02:05:19,080 THAT COULD ENABLE YOUR RESEARCH 2779 02:05:19,080 --> 02:05:19,840 IN LEARNING FROM THE DIFFERENT 2780 02:05:19,840 --> 02:05:28,440 RESEARCH COMMUNITIES? 2781 02:05:28,440 --> 02:05:31,120 >> LEARNING ABOUT THE CAUSALITY 2782 02:05:31,120 --> 02:05:35,920 ASPECT AND ALL MODELS CAN BRING 2783 02:05:35,920 --> 02:05:38,320 AND MAYBE SELECT TARGETS AND 2784 02:05:38,320 --> 02:05:43,880 PARKINSON'S AND GPI WORK AND 2785 02:05:43,880 --> 02:05:50,840 BASICALLY WE'RE MORE OF A GPI 2786 02:05:50,840 --> 02:06:03,360 GROUP AND GPIs A LARGER NUCLEUS 2787 02:06:03,360 --> 02:06:08,960 SO THE NEUROSURGEONS COULDN'T 2788 02:06:08,960 --> 02:06:12,440 PUT IT IN THE IS AND THIS IS 2789 02:06:12,440 --> 02:06:13,440 WHEN IMAGING WASN'T AVAILABLE. 2790 02:06:13,440 --> 02:06:16,120 THIS IS GRANDFATHERED IN THAT 2791 02:06:16,120 --> 02:06:25,840 PEOPLE DO SEN RATHER THAN GPI. 2792 02:06:25,840 --> 02:06:27,640 WITH DON'T KNOW WHETHER THE 2793 02:06:27,640 --> 02:06:28,800 THALAMUS IS BETTER THAN THE 2794 02:06:28,800 --> 02:06:31,880 ANTERIOR PART OF THE GPI. 2795 02:06:31,880 --> 02:06:34,920 ANIMAL MODELS COULD DEFINITELY 2796 02:06:34,920 --> 02:06:36,920 GUIDE THE CLINICAL PRACTICE IN A 2797 02:06:36,920 --> 02:06:37,880 BETTER WAY THAN DOING WHAT WAS 2798 02:06:37,880 --> 02:06:40,480 GRANDFATHERED IN. 2799 02:06:40,480 --> 02:06:47,960 >> THAT'S A GREAT POINT. 2800 02:06:47,960 --> 02:06:49,720 A LOT OF SEC NEEKZ AND 2801 02:06:49,720 --> 02:06:52,720 APPROACHES SOURCED AND IN TERMS 2802 02:06:52,720 --> 02:06:54,840 OF FUNDAMENTAL UNDERSTANDS AND 2803 02:06:54,840 --> 02:06:57,960 BASIC BIOLOGY, WHAT CAN 2804 02:06:57,960 --> 02:06:59,920 ANIMAL -- WHAT CAN BASIC ANIMAL 2805 02:06:59,920 --> 02:07:04,960 STUDIES DO TO INFORM HUMAN 2806 02:07:04,960 --> 02:07:06,880 BEHAVIOR AND VICE VERSA. 2807 02:07:06,880 --> 02:07:09,800 I DON'T MEAN TO BE FLIPPANT BUT 2808 02:07:09,800 --> 02:07:11,360 HUMANS ARE A GREAT MODEL SYSTEM 2809 02:07:11,360 --> 02:07:12,920 FOR UNDERSTANDING BIOLOGY. 2810 02:07:12,920 --> 02:07:16,440 THEY'RE INTENSELY STUDIED AND 2811 02:07:16,440 --> 02:07:22,840 BEING PHENOTYPED EVERY DAY WITH 2812 02:07:22,840 --> 02:07:26,240 TOOLS TO BEAR AND TRANSLATION IS 2813 02:07:26,240 --> 02:07:28,200 GREAT BUT WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM 2814 02:07:28,200 --> 02:07:31,680 EACH OTHER TO MAKE EACH OF OUR 2815 02:07:31,680 --> 02:07:34,640 FIELD MOVE AHEAD FASTER 2816 02:07:34,640 --> 02:07:40,960 ULTIMATELY TOWARDS TRANSLATION. 2817 02:07:40,960 --> 02:07:47,600 >> TO ANSWER TOM'S QUESTION WE 2818 02:07:47,600 --> 02:07:49,880 DO STRUGGLE WITH SYNCHRONIZATION 2819 02:07:49,880 --> 02:07:54,240 THE MORE SENSORS YOU HAVE AND WE 2820 02:07:54,240 --> 02:07:55,680 DON'T HAVE MINIATURIZATION AS 2821 02:07:55,680 --> 02:07:59,120 YOU DO BUT I'M HOPEFUL OR 2822 02:07:59,120 --> 02:08:01,880 OPTIMISTIC ABOUT NTP PROTOCOLS. 2823 02:08:01,880 --> 02:08:04,640 IN ORDER TO SYNCHRONIZE WITHOUT 2824 02:08:04,640 --> 02:08:06,920 PHYSICAL CONNECTION BETWEEN DATA 2825 02:08:06,920 --> 02:08:08,960 STREAMS I'M OPTIMISTIC ABOUT. 2826 02:08:08,960 --> 02:08:12,200 TO YOUR POINT, JOHN, THIS IS 2827 02:08:12,200 --> 02:08:12,960 SOMETHING I ALSO THINK A LOT 2828 02:08:12,960 --> 02:08:14,880 ABOUT BECAUSE I STARTED IN MAN 2829 02:08:14,880 --> 02:08:16,600 RESEARCH AND MOVED INTO HUMANS 2830 02:08:16,600 --> 02:08:18,840 AND A LOT OF MY LAB MEMBERS ARE 2831 02:08:18,840 --> 02:08:22,840 FORMER ANIMAL RESEARCHERS WHICH 2832 02:08:22,840 --> 02:08:24,560 IS TO ME HAS BEEN PROVIDING A 2833 02:08:24,560 --> 02:08:26,640 BENEFIT TO THE INSIGHT IN TERMS 2834 02:08:26,640 --> 02:08:27,960 OF APPLYING SOME OF THE TOOLS 2835 02:08:27,960 --> 02:08:29,240 THAT ARE NOT NECESSARILY 2836 02:08:29,240 --> 02:08:31,240 CROSSING THE BRIDGE OR GAP. 2837 02:08:31,240 --> 02:08:36,800 AND I ALSO THINK WE NEED TO BE 2838 02:08:36,800 --> 02:08:38,800 OPEN TO WORKING TOGETHER AND NOT 2839 02:08:38,800 --> 02:08:40,480 BEING SORT OF HESITANT OR 2840 02:08:40,480 --> 02:08:47,040 FEARFUL THAT WA -- WHAT WE FIND 2841 02:08:47,040 --> 02:08:48,880 IN ONE SPECIES IS DIFFERENT AND 2842 02:08:48,880 --> 02:08:51,200 I INCLUDE NON-HUMAN PRIMATE 2843 02:08:51,200 --> 02:08:52,960 BECAUSE IT'S AN IMPORTANT BRIDGE 2844 02:08:52,960 --> 02:08:55,880 BUT I PROBABLY FORGOT SOME BUT 2845 02:08:55,880 --> 02:08:58,280 THOSE ARE TWO. 2846 02:08:58,280 --> 02:09:07,520 >> KATHERINE. 2847 02:09:07,520 --> 02:09:08,800 >> I THINK SOME OF OF THE WAYS 2848 02:09:08,800 --> 02:09:10,760 STUDYING THESE SIMILAR QUESTIONS 2849 02:09:10,760 --> 02:09:12,320 CAN OCCUR FOR EXAMPLE IF WE FIND 2850 02:09:12,320 --> 02:09:14,120 A BIOMEDICAL IN HUMANS WHILE WE 2851 02:09:14,120 --> 02:09:16,440 ARE DOING INTRACRANIAL BRAIN 2852 02:09:16,440 --> 02:09:19,200 STIMULATION, WE CAN SEE IS IT 2853 02:09:19,200 --> 02:09:20,600 THERE IN THE ANIMALS AS WELL, 2854 02:09:20,600 --> 02:09:23,240 THAT'S A BASIC QUESTION AND HOW 2855 02:09:23,240 --> 02:09:24,880 CAN WE MODIFY IT, WHICH CELLS 2856 02:09:24,880 --> 02:09:33,600 ARE INVOLVED IN CREATING IT AND 2857 02:09:33,600 --> 02:09:35,240 ARE THERE OTHER PATHWAYS IT 2858 02:09:35,240 --> 02:09:37,680 INFLUENCES AND WE CAN BUILD 2859 02:09:37,680 --> 02:09:39,560 MODELS AND BEHAVIORS COMMON AND 2860 02:09:39,560 --> 02:09:42,080 TEST IT IN DIFFERENT SCENARIOS. 2861 02:09:42,080 --> 02:09:45,040 I THINK PART OF THE WAY WE CAN 2862 02:09:45,040 --> 02:09:47,360 DO THAT IS REASON THE NUMBERS. 2863 02:09:47,360 --> 02:09:50,640 WE DON'T HAVE AS MANY HUMANS WE 2864 02:09:50,640 --> 02:09:51,840 CAN TEST AND WE NEED LARGER 2865 02:09:51,840 --> 02:09:53,040 NUMBERS AND THEN THE 2866 02:09:53,040 --> 02:09:53,360 FLEXIBILITY. 2867 02:09:53,360 --> 02:09:56,040 WE CAN ONLY STUDY A COUPLE 2868 02:09:56,040 --> 02:09:58,040 DIFFERENT PARAMETERS, 2869 02:09:58,040 --> 02:09:59,280 STIMULATION PARAMETERS. 2870 02:09:59,280 --> 02:10:01,000 FOR EXAMPLE, WE COULD DO A LOT 2871 02:10:01,000 --> 02:10:07,560 MORE IN ANIMALS AND WE CAN LOOK 2872 02:10:07,560 --> 02:10:08,680 WITH MORE SPECIFICITY IN THE 2873 02:10:08,680 --> 02:10:13,400 ANIMAL THAN HUMAN AND EDI DIADIA DIADIAL - - 2874 02:10:13,400 --> 02:10:14,480 IDEALLY TAKE THE INFORMATION WE 2875 02:10:14,480 --> 02:10:17,920 GAINED AND TEST IT BACK IN THE 2876 02:10:17,920 --> 02:10:18,120 HUMAN. 2877 02:10:18,120 --> 02:10:20,480 AN EXAMPLE IS FROM SOME OF THE 2878 02:10:20,480 --> 02:10:24,440 WORK THAT EDDIE CHANG HAD DONE 2879 02:10:24,440 --> 02:10:29,720 IS FIND HIPPOCAMPAL AMYGDALA 2880 02:10:29,720 --> 02:10:31,040 BIOMARKER AND IT WAS PUBLISHED 2881 02:10:31,040 --> 02:10:35,480 ON BETA COHERENCE AND FIND THE 2882 02:10:35,480 --> 02:10:37,280 SAME MAKER AND EXPLORE IT AND 2883 02:10:37,280 --> 02:10:40,760 TAKE IT BACK TO THE HUMANS WITH 2884 02:10:40,760 --> 02:10:41,760 MUCH MORE INFORMATION ABOUT HOW 2885 02:10:41,760 --> 02:10:44,080 IT ARISES, WHEN IT ARISES AND 2886 02:10:44,080 --> 02:10:50,640 OTHER ASPECTS. 2887 02:10:50,640 --> 02:10:52,000 >> THERE'S CONSIDERING COMMENTS 2888 02:10:52,000 --> 02:10:54,760 IN THE CHAT. 2889 02:10:54,760 --> 02:10:57,040 TIMOTHY AND KIM DO YOU WANT TO 2890 02:10:57,040 --> 02:11:11,920 JOIN ORALLY. 2891 02:11:11,920 --> 02:11:13,880 >> WITH AN ONGOING CONVERSATION 2892 02:11:13,880 --> 02:11:19,600 ABOUT SENSOR AND SENSOR 2893 02:11:19,600 --> 02:11:23,760 VARIABILITY AND'S GOOD 2894 02:11:23,760 --> 02:11:24,400 COMMERCIAL DEVICES ARE GETTING 2895 02:11:24,400 --> 02:11:27,600 GOOD ON HUMANS BUT ANIMALS POSE 2896 02:11:27,600 --> 02:11:28,960 DIFFERENT CHALLENGES HOW THEY 2897 02:11:28,960 --> 02:11:30,280 MOVE THROUGH THE ENVIRONMENT AND 2898 02:11:30,280 --> 02:11:31,320 THEIR SENSORY ABILITIES DIFFER 2899 02:11:31,320 --> 02:11:42,720 FROM THOSE OF HUMANS. 2900 02:11:42,720 --> 02:11:49,000 AND WE MAY NEED MORE TOOLS. 2901 02:11:49,000 --> 02:11:50,800 >> IF WE THINK THE KINDS OF 2902 02:11:50,800 --> 02:11:52,960 SENSORS TO CAPTURE THE ANIMAL'S 2903 02:11:52,960 --> 02:11:54,640 EXPERIENCE INCLUDING HUMAN 2904 02:11:54,640 --> 02:11:55,560 ANIMALS, THEN THAT MOVING 2905 02:11:55,560 --> 02:11:56,360 THROUGH THE ENVIRONMENT 2906 02:11:56,360 --> 02:11:57,120 COMPONENT IS PART OF WHAT WE'RE 2907 02:11:57,120 --> 02:12:01,000 THINKING ABOUT. 2908 02:12:01,000 --> 02:12:13,000 KIM. 2909 02:12:13,000 --> 02:12:15,520 >> THERE REALLY ISN'T A 2910 02:12:15,520 --> 02:12:16,120 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK HOW THE 2911 02:12:16,120 --> 02:12:22,800 BRAIN IS WORKING TO CONTROL 2912 02:12:22,800 --> 02:12:24,480 BEHAVIOR IF WE EVEN WANT TO KNOW 2913 02:12:24,480 --> 02:12:26,640 WHAT THE RIGHT MEASUREMENTS ARE 2914 02:12:26,640 --> 02:12:28,600 WE FELT LIKE HAVING MORE COMPARE 2915 02:12:28,600 --> 02:12:31,640 SIF WORK ACROSS MORE ANIMALS 2916 02:12:31,640 --> 02:12:37,040 WITH DIVERSITY OF BEHAVIORS AND 2917 02:12:37,040 --> 02:12:43,280 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT COULD TO 2918 02:12:43,280 --> 02:12:45,280 BE IDENTIFYING THE FUNDAMENTS IN 2919 02:12:45,280 --> 02:12:49,000 WHAT WE SHOULD BE MEASURING IN 2920 02:12:49,000 --> 02:12:50,440 ANY ANIMAL TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE 2921 02:12:50,440 --> 02:13:04,040 BRAIN IS REGULATING BEHAVIOR. 2922 02:13:04,040 --> 02:13:06,640 THERE ARE INDUSTRY PARTNERS 2923 02:13:06,640 --> 02:13:08,240 ANALYZING THIS AND DATA JOIN IS 2924 02:13:08,240 --> 02:13:14,040 ONE AND WORK IN ANIMAL HUMAN 2925 02:13:14,040 --> 02:13:22,520 RESEARCH THERE'S SO MUCH 2926 02:13:22,520 --> 02:13:24,040 DIVERSITY IT'S HARD TO FOCUS ON 2927 02:13:24,040 --> 02:13:27,360 JUST ONE AND FUNDING GOES TO ONE 2928 02:13:27,360 --> 02:13:28,200 SPECIFIC TOOL. 2929 02:13:28,200 --> 02:13:29,640 HOW DO WE PRIORITIZE I THINK IS 2930 02:13:29,640 --> 02:13:31,200 ONE OF THE THINGS I TOOK FROM 2931 02:13:31,200 --> 02:13:38,640 THAT COMMENT AND IF WE VALUE IF 2932 02:13:38,640 --> 02:13:41,560 WE VALUE COMPARATIVE RESEARCH WE 2933 02:13:41,560 --> 02:13:42,960 CAN'T STUDY EVERY SPECIES THERE 2934 02:13:42,960 --> 02:13:45,040 IS WE NEED A THEORETICAL 2935 02:13:45,040 --> 02:13:48,120 FRAMEWORK TO AGREE ON THE VALUE 2936 02:13:48,120 --> 02:13:49,640 OF A PLAYER COMPARISON AND THEN 2937 02:13:49,640 --> 02:14:04,440 DEVELOP THE TOOLS TO DO THAT. 2938 02:14:04,440 --> 02:14:05,440 DO WE HAVE OTHERS THAT WANT TO 2939 02:14:05,440 --> 02:14:07,880 JUMP IN BESIDES MY CAT? 2940 02:14:07,880 --> 02:14:24,880 SORRY. 2941 02:14:30,720 --> 02:14:32,480 >> THERE'S ONE INCENTIVE 2942 02:14:32,480 --> 02:14:34,520 STRUCTURE TOWARDS MONEY AND NOT 2943 02:14:34,520 --> 02:14:40,920 TOWARDS SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY WHICH 2944 02:14:40,920 --> 02:14:42,840 VARIES ACROSS SCIENTISTS. 2945 02:14:42,840 --> 02:14:44,960 I THINK IT WAS BROUGHT UP HOW DO 2946 02:14:44,960 --> 02:14:52,960 YOU INCENTIVIZE THEM TO WORK 2947 02:14:52,960 --> 02:14:54,360 TOGETHER WITH THE INFRASTRUCTURE 2948 02:14:54,360 --> 02:14:55,880 AND EVERYONE HAS THEIR DEMON 2949 02:14:55,880 --> 02:14:57,760 THAT SWAYS THEM AND ONE THING 2950 02:14:57,760 --> 02:15:02,640 I'VE BEEN DOING IS UNDERSTANDING 2951 02:15:02,640 --> 02:15:12,440 A LOT OF INDUSTRY PARTNERS ARE 2952 02:15:12,440 --> 02:15:13,120 AND THEY UNDERSTAND THINGS THAT 2953 02:15:13,120 --> 02:15:18,080 I HAVEN'T ENCOUNTERED AND WE 2954 02:15:18,080 --> 02:15:19,560 HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO NOT JUST 2955 02:15:19,560 --> 02:15:21,080 THINK ABOUT COLLABORATING AND 2956 02:15:21,080 --> 02:15:22,400 HOW TO GET INDUSTRY TO LET US 2957 02:15:22,400 --> 02:15:25,760 USE THEIR TOOLS BUT ALSO THINK 2958 02:15:25,760 --> 02:15:27,440 WHAT MIGHT WE LEARN FROM EACH 2959 02:15:27,440 --> 02:15:30,720 OTHER AND BE ABLE TO EXCHANGE 2960 02:15:30,720 --> 02:15:32,920 NOT TO MENTION SOME OF THE CLOUD 2961 02:15:32,920 --> 02:15:35,760 QUESTIONS AND THE WHOLE 2962 02:15:35,760 --> 02:15:36,440 DECENTRALIZED SCIENCE MOVEMENT 2963 02:15:36,440 --> 02:15:40,200 LED BY PEOPLE WHO CONSIDER 2964 02:15:40,200 --> 02:15:42,440 THEMSELVES SOCIAL JUSTICE 2965 02:15:42,440 --> 02:15:44,440 WARRIORS AND COME FROM A CRYPTO 2966 02:15:44,440 --> 02:15:47,000 BACKGROUND AND WORKING ON DATA 2967 02:15:47,000 --> 02:15:49,680 WALLETS FOR WEALTH AND HAVING 2968 02:15:49,680 --> 02:15:51,160 HACKATHONS HOW TO STRIP DOWN 2969 02:15:51,160 --> 02:15:53,400 MULT MALL HARDWARE DEVICE TO RAW 2970 02:15:53,400 --> 02:15:55,880 EEG AND THEN BE ABLE TO RECAT 2971 02:15:55,880 --> 02:16:03,080 GERRI IZRIZ IZRIZ IZRIZE -- RECATEGORIZE T HAT 2972 02:16:03,080 --> 02:16:03,920 PARTICULARLY AROUND WEARABLE 2973 02:16:03,920 --> 02:16:06,880 TECHNOLOGIES AND THERE'S A WHOLE 2974 02:16:06,880 --> 02:16:10,040 OTHER WORLD I'VE NOTICED 2975 02:16:10,040 --> 02:16:12,240 OPERATING CENTRALIZED SCIENCE AN 2976 02:16:12,240 --> 02:16:16,920 ONE IS THIS MONOLITHIC INDUSTRY 2977 02:16:16,920 --> 02:16:20,920 THAT COMES UP A LOT OF AND SUCH 2978 02:16:20,920 --> 02:16:24,080 AS THERE'S DIVERSITY HERE WITH 2979 02:16:24,080 --> 02:16:25,360 TECHNIQUES AND UNIVERSITIES IT'D 2980 02:16:25,360 --> 02:16:27,200 BE INTERESTING TO CONSIDER THE 2981 02:16:27,200 --> 02:16:28,400 PLURALITY SO IT'S NOT JUST ONE 2982 02:16:28,400 --> 02:16:29,920 INDUSTRY REPRESENTED COMING IN 2983 02:16:29,920 --> 02:16:32,080 TRYING TO SPEAK ON BEHALF OF 2984 02:16:32,080 --> 02:16:32,400 EVERYBODY. 2985 02:16:32,400 --> 02:16:34,360 IT MAY BE A LOT OF FOR US TO 2986 02:16:34,360 --> 02:16:34,560 LEARN. 2987 02:16:34,560 --> 02:16:37,800 I THINK MANY OF US ALREADY HAVE 2988 02:16:37,800 --> 02:16:38,440 INDUSTRY COLLABORATIONS WE MIGHT 2989 02:16:38,440 --> 02:16:44,600 LEARN FROM AS WELL. 2990 02:16:44,600 --> 02:16:46,600 >> THANK YOU. 2991 02:16:46,600 --> 02:16:48,600 IT WOULD BE IMPORTANT TO LEARN 2992 02:16:48,600 --> 02:16:51,560 ABOUT PRECOMPETITIVE SPACES AND 2993 02:16:51,560 --> 02:16:52,600 IDEAS CAN BE SHARED WHILE 2994 02:16:52,600 --> 02:16:55,040 KEEPING INTACT THE INCENTIVE 2995 02:16:55,040 --> 02:17:00,960 STRUCTURES NECESSARY FOR SOME 2996 02:17:00,960 --> 02:17:02,720 PRIVATE PEOPLE IN THE PRIVATE 2997 02:17:02,720 --> 02:17:09,200 SECTOR. 2998 02:17:09,200 --> 02:17:12,960 THAT WOULD CERTAINLY BE A 2999 02:17:12,960 --> 02:17:16,000 CONVERSATION GOING FORWARD. 3000 02:17:16,000 --> 02:17:17,040 MOLLY ADDED A COMMENT IN THE 3001 02:17:17,040 --> 02:17:18,000 CHAT RELATING TO THE PREVIOUS 3002 02:17:18,000 --> 02:17:23,120 QUESTION ABOUT WA -- WHAT WE CAN 3003 02:17:23,120 --> 02:17:24,240 LEARN FROM ANIMAL MODELS. 3004 02:17:24,240 --> 02:17:26,320 WOULD YOU LIKE TO ELABORATE? 3005 02:17:26,320 --> 02:17:31,200 >> I WAS GIVING THE 3006 02:17:31,200 --> 02:17:34,040 POSSIBILITY -- THE BRAIN IS SAY 3007 02:17:34,040 --> 02:17:36,960 PLASTIC ORGAN AND HUMANS ARE 3008 02:17:36,960 --> 02:17:38,040 GOING HAVE IMPAIRMENTS IN 3009 02:17:38,040 --> 02:17:41,000 DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE BRAIN AND 3010 02:17:41,000 --> 02:17:42,240 WE NEED TO FIND COMPENSATORY 3011 02:17:42,240 --> 02:17:43,960 ACTIONS FOR THE BRAIN TO HANDLE 3012 02:17:43,960 --> 02:17:45,760 THE IMPAIRMENTS. 3013 02:17:45,760 --> 02:17:47,600 IF WE START ACTING OR 3014 02:17:47,600 --> 02:17:49,000 INVESTIGATING DIFFERENT ANIMALS 3015 02:17:49,000 --> 02:17:50,880 THAT USE DIFFERENT PATHWAYS TO 3016 02:17:50,880 --> 02:17:52,960 SOLVE PARTICULAR PROBLEMS WE CAN 3017 02:17:52,960 --> 02:17:54,160 IDENTIFY DIFFERENT TARGETS FOR 3018 02:17:54,160 --> 02:17:54,600 SPECIFIC TASKS. 3019 02:17:54,600 --> 02:17:56,440 THAT'S WHY I THINK THERE'S GOING 3020 02:17:56,440 --> 02:17:59,680 TO BE GREAT POWER IN THE 3021 02:17:59,680 --> 02:18:01,920 COMPARATIVE APPROACH TO FIND 3022 02:18:01,920 --> 02:18:04,960 COMPENSATORY PATHWAYS FOR 3023 02:18:04,960 --> 02:18:12,320 HUMANS. 3024 02:18:12,320 --> 02:18:13,880 I SEE MORE IN THE CHAT. 3025 02:18:13,880 --> 02:18:21,040 WOULD YOU LIKE TO CHIME IN? 3026 02:18:21,040 --> 02:18:23,440 >> WE'RE GOING HAVE A LOT OF 3027 02:18:23,440 --> 02:18:25,840 DATA AND FINDING THOSE 3028 02:18:25,840 --> 02:18:30,560 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BRAIN 3029 02:18:30,560 --> 02:18:33,160 ACTIVITY AND BEHAVIOR ARE GOING 3030 02:18:33,160 --> 02:18:34,720 TO BE HIGHLY VARIABLE. 3031 02:18:34,720 --> 02:18:39,400 HOW DO WE DEAL WITH THAT. 3032 02:18:39,400 --> 02:18:43,240 I THINK SOME OF THE SCIENTIFIC 3033 02:18:43,240 --> 02:18:46,920 METHODS AND TALK ABOUT 3034 02:18:46,920 --> 02:18:47,920 PERSONALIZED MEDICINE OR 3035 02:18:47,920 --> 02:18:48,960 QUANTIFICATION OF LIKE HOW 3036 02:18:48,960 --> 02:18:52,760 PEOPLE USE THEIR BRAINS AND 3037 02:18:52,760 --> 02:18:55,920 MOVEMENT DEFY THE STANDARDS 3038 02:18:55,920 --> 02:18:58,440 STATISTICAL MODELS AND SO THAT'S 3039 02:18:58,440 --> 02:19:00,280 A BIG -- THE WAY WE THINK ABOUT 3040 02:19:00,280 --> 02:19:01,920 MEANS AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS 3041 02:19:01,920 --> 02:19:08,800 DOESN'T EVEN WORK. 3042 02:19:08,800 --> 02:19:10,240 ESPECIALLY WITH MACHINE LEARNING 3043 02:19:10,240 --> 02:19:12,960 AND LOOKING FOR REGULATES WE MAY 3044 02:19:12,960 --> 02:19:17,240 BE LOSING A LOT OF THIS 3045 02:19:17,240 --> 02:19:18,240 VARIABILITY AND NOT BEING ABLE 3046 02:19:18,240 --> 02:19:20,240 TO DO THAT TYPE OF PERSONALIZED 3047 02:19:20,240 --> 02:19:24,680 MEDICINE FOR EACH PERSON'S BRAIN 3048 02:19:24,680 --> 02:19:28,920 BECAUSE IT IS PLASTIC AND 3049 02:19:28,920 --> 02:19:33,040 TOTALLY RE-ORGANIZED BASED ON A 3050 02:19:33,040 --> 02:19:35,040 PARTICULAR DISEASE AND 3051 02:19:35,040 --> 02:19:41,000 EXPERIENCES AND SEEKING MEDICAL 3052 02:19:41,000 --> 02:19:43,120 HELP AND CHANGE THE END POINT 3053 02:19:43,120 --> 02:19:49,000 AND THE WAY TO RESTORE THE 3054 02:19:49,000 --> 02:19:52,920 FUNCTION THEY MIGHT WANT. 3055 02:19:52,920 --> 02:19:55,040 >> I WANT TO HIGHLIGHT ANOTHER 3056 02:19:55,040 --> 02:19:55,920 COMMENT YOU PUT IN THE CHAT THAT 3057 02:19:55,920 --> 02:19:58,760 IS SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT WHEN 3058 02:19:58,760 --> 02:20:00,960 WE'RE THINKING ABOUT DATA-DRIVEN 3059 02:20:00,960 --> 02:20:02,720 APPROACHES AND MODELS WHERE WE 3060 02:20:02,720 --> 02:20:04,560 NEED TO HAVE A TEACHING SET AND 3061 02:20:04,560 --> 02:20:07,280 THAT IS WHO GETS TO DECIDE WHAT 3062 02:20:07,280 --> 02:20:08,960 THE TEACHING SET IS AND WHO GETS 3063 02:20:08,960 --> 02:20:12,640 TO DECIDE WHICH PEOPLE OR 3064 02:20:12,640 --> 02:20:14,400 ANIMALS CONTRIBUTE TO A SORT OF 3065 02:20:14,400 --> 02:20:16,240 TEACHING SET FOR A MACHINE 3066 02:20:16,240 --> 02:20:19,600 LEARNING MODEL OF A PARTICULAR 3067 02:20:19,600 --> 02:20:20,960 BEHAVIOR AND THERE ARE CULTURAL 3068 02:20:20,960 --> 02:20:25,880 DIFFERENCES ACROSS DIFFERENT 3069 02:20:25,880 --> 02:20:29,040 COMMUNITIES OF PEOPLE SUCH THAT 3070 02:20:29,040 --> 02:20:31,920 THAT HAS TO HAVE DEEPER 3071 02:20:31,920 --> 02:20:37,000 CONSIDERATION AND THAT IN TURN 3072 02:20:37,000 --> 02:20:37,960 FLUN -- 3073 02:20:39,840 --> 02:20:48,400 INFLUENCES THE MODELS WITH 3074 02:20:48,400 --> 02:20:49,000 DATA-DRIVEN MODELS. 3075 02:20:49,000 --> 02:20:51,960 AND I SEE ONE LAST COMMENT 3076 02:20:51,960 --> 02:20:56,640 BESIDES LOTS OF PEOPLE AGREEING. 3077 02:20:56,640 --> 02:20:59,440 AND THE COMMENT ABOUT THE NEED 3078 02:20:59,440 --> 02:21:00,360 FOR PRE-COMPETITIVE SPACES AND 3079 02:21:00,360 --> 02:21:06,160 THE SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY HAS A 3080 02:21:06,160 --> 02:21:07,280 COMPETITIVE RESEARCH AGENDA. 3081 02:21:07,280 --> 02:21:07,920 DO YOU WANT TO SPEAK MORE ABOUT 3082 02:21:07,920 --> 02:21:11,240 THAT? 3083 02:21:11,240 --> 02:21:15,480 >> JUST AS A MODEL TO STUDY. 3084 02:21:15,480 --> 02:21:18,080 IT'S VERY WELL KNOWN AND LEATHER 3085 02:21:18,080 --> 02:21:19,920 CONSORTIUMS AND THE IDEA IS IF 3086 02:21:19,920 --> 02:21:22,240 YOU HAVE A ROAD MAP TYPICALLY, 3087 02:21:22,240 --> 02:21:31,280 THEN YOU CAN PUT TIME LINES AND 3088 02:21:31,280 --> 02:21:36,040 FULL DISCLOSURE I WAS 15 YEARS 3089 02:21:36,040 --> 02:21:38,320 AT INTEL AND SO JUST THE MODEL 3090 02:21:38,320 --> 02:21:41,000 TO STUDY FOR UNDERSTANDING WHAT 3091 02:21:41,000 --> 02:21:44,440 WORKS FOR THAT TRANSLATIONAL 3092 02:21:44,440 --> 02:21:46,840 MODEL AS WELL AS LIKE THE NEXT 3093 02:21:46,840 --> 02:21:47,040 STEP. 3094 02:21:47,040 --> 02:21:49,680 AND KIND OF THE CAVEAT IS ONE OF 3095 02:21:49,680 --> 02:21:51,600 THE REASONS I THINK AMONG 3096 02:21:51,600 --> 02:21:54,840 VARIOUS INDUSTRIES AND THE 3097 02:21:54,840 --> 02:21:55,440 SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY WAS 3098 02:21:55,440 --> 02:22:01,000 SUCCESSFUL IS THE CONCEPT OF THE 3099 02:22:01,000 --> 02:22:01,320 ROAD MAP. 3100 02:22:01,320 --> 02:22:06,800 WHETHER OR NOT IT WAS BASED ON 3101 02:22:06,800 --> 02:22:08,960 SCIENCE, IN MY PERSPECTIVE BUT 3102 02:22:08,960 --> 02:22:12,640 HAVING A ROAD MAP HELPS 3103 02:22:12,640 --> 02:22:15,520 DIFFERENTIATE WHAT IS 3104 02:22:15,520 --> 02:22:15,840 COMPUTATIONAL. 3105 02:22:15,840 --> 02:22:16,960 BUILD A MODEL FOR RESEARCH. 3106 02:22:16,960 --> 02:22:18,280 MAYBE SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT 3107 02:22:18,280 --> 02:22:19,960 FOR THE COMMUNITY IS TO 3108 02:22:19,960 --> 02:22:24,960 UNDERSTAND HOW TO STUDY SOME OF 3109 02:22:24,960 --> 02:22:29,880 THOSE STATISTICAL MODELS. 3110 02:22:29,880 --> 02:22:31,640 >> AND WAS THE NEXT STEP TO 3111 02:22:31,640 --> 02:22:37,040 THINK ABOUT AND DEVELOP THE ROAD 3112 02:22:37,040 --> 02:22:37,800 MAP. 3113 02:22:37,800 --> 02:22:40,200 MAYBE THAT'S A GOOD TIME TO MOVE 3114 02:22:40,200 --> 02:22:42,760 ON FROM THE DISCUSSION AND HAVE 3115 02:22:42,760 --> 02:22:43,320 CLOSING THOUGHTS. 3116 02:22:43,320 --> 02:22:45,840 I'LL HAND IT BACK TO DANA TO 3117 02:22:45,840 --> 02:22:49,240 INTRODUCE JOHN AND WRAP UP THE 3118 02:22:49,240 --> 02:22:51,240 MEETING. 3119 02:22:51,240 --> 02:22:53,600 >> I'M GOING TO HAND IT OVER TO 3120 02:22:53,600 --> 02:22:54,840 JOHN NGAI. 3121 02:22:54,840 --> 02:22:58,960 HE'S OUR DIRECTOR OF THE BRAIN 3122 02:22:58,960 --> 02:22:59,240 INITIATIVE. 3123 02:22:59,240 --> 02:23:00,480 AND I CAN'T REMEMBER SEEMS LIKE 3124 02:23:00,480 --> 02:23:03,600 HE'S BEEN THERE FOREVER BUT I 3125 02:23:03,600 --> 02:23:05,360 THINK THAT'S ONLY BEEN A COUPLE 3126 02:23:05,360 --> 02:23:07,600 YEARS OR SO BUT WE'VE BEEN 3127 02:23:07,600 --> 02:23:09,000 EXCITED SO HAVE HIM AND I'LL 3128 02:23:09,000 --> 02:23:11,040 LEAVE IT TO HIM TO GET THE 3129 02:23:11,040 --> 02:23:11,880 CLOSING REMARKS AND THEN I'LL 3130 02:23:11,880 --> 02:23:15,000 JUST COME BACK AT THE END AND 3131 02:23:15,000 --> 02:23:15,720 CLOSE THE MEETING. 3132 02:23:15,720 --> 02:23:19,560 >> THANKS, DANA. 3133 02:23:19,560 --> 02:23:22,400 CAN YOU SEE MY SLIDE? 3134 02:23:22,400 --> 02:23:23,320 IT ONLY SEEMS LIKE FOREVER BUT 3135 02:23:23,320 --> 02:23:28,200 IT HASN'T BEEN TWO YEARS. 3136 02:23:28,200 --> 02:23:31,160 >> I MEAN THAT IN THE BEST WAY. 3137 02:23:31,160 --> 02:23:34,880 >> IT'S BEEN A GREAT TWO DAYS. 3138 02:23:34,880 --> 02:23:37,920 I'VE LEARNED SO MUCH AND WE'VE 3139 02:23:37,920 --> 02:23:39,440 COVERED SO MUCH GROUND FROM MANY 3140 02:23:39,440 --> 02:23:40,880 DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES WHICH IS 3141 02:23:40,880 --> 02:23:44,680 WHAT THE FIELD NEEDS TO MOVE 3142 02:23:44,680 --> 02:23:45,280 THESE VERY DIFFICULT PROBLEMS 3143 02:23:45,280 --> 02:23:47,680 INTO BETTER LIGHT. 3144 02:23:47,680 --> 02:23:50,720 SO I JUST PREPARED A FEW CLOSING 3145 02:23:50,720 --> 02:23:53,320 REMARKS WHILE YOU FOLKS WERE IN 3146 02:23:53,320 --> 02:23:55,920 YOUR BREAKOUT ROOMS AND WAS 3147 02:23:55,920 --> 02:23:57,880 TRYING TO FIGURE OUT HOW TO 3148 02:23:57,880 --> 02:23:59,200 CLOSE OUT THE THINGS THAT HAVE 3149 02:23:59,200 --> 02:24:03,440 COME UP SO I'LL TRY TO BE BRIEF. 3150 02:24:03,440 --> 02:24:05,320 SOW A FEW EMERGING THEMES AND 3151 02:24:05,320 --> 02:24:07,440 THIS IS NOT A REAL EXHAUSTIVE 3152 02:24:07,440 --> 02:24:11,960 LIST BUT THINGS THAT GOT MY 3153 02:24:11,960 --> 02:24:12,240 ATTENTION. 3154 02:24:12,240 --> 02:24:13,720 ONE THING IS IMPORTANT TO STUDY 3155 02:24:13,720 --> 02:24:15,640 ANIMAL BEHAVIORS NOT ONLY IN 3156 02:24:15,640 --> 02:24:17,120 HUMANS IN ANIMALS OR IN LAB 3157 02:24:17,120 --> 02:24:19,600 CONDITIONS WHERE WE THINK WE'RE 3158 02:24:19,600 --> 02:24:21,360 CONTROLLING THE ENVIRONMENT VERY 3159 02:24:21,360 --> 02:24:23,360 WELL BUT ALSO IN MORE 3160 02:24:23,360 --> 02:24:24,320 NATURALISTIC CONDITIONS. 3161 02:24:24,320 --> 02:24:26,440 I THINK THESE APPROACHES 3162 02:24:26,440 --> 02:24:27,600 TOGETHER WILL HAVE A GREATER 3163 02:24:27,600 --> 02:24:31,200 POTENTIAL TO REVEAL THE FULL 3164 02:24:31,200 --> 02:24:33,000 REPERTOIRE AND COMPLEXITIES OF 3165 02:24:33,000 --> 02:24:37,960 BEHAVIORS AND HOPEFULLY INTERNAL 3166 02:24:37,960 --> 02:24:39,600 STATES WHICH WILL BE THE REAL 3167 02:24:39,600 --> 02:24:42,720 CHALLENGE TO GET AT AND THAT 3168 02:24:42,720 --> 02:24:44,240 STRUCK HOME TO ME. 3169 02:24:44,240 --> 02:24:46,280 IN A NUMBER OF INSTANCES THERE'S 3170 02:24:46,280 --> 02:24:47,000 THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSIDERING 3171 02:24:47,000 --> 02:24:49,920 NOT JUST THE ENVIRONMENTAL 3172 02:24:49,920 --> 02:24:52,360 CONTEXT WHAT IS THAT -- IN WHAT 3173 02:24:52,360 --> 02:24:56,920 SET OF CIRCUMSTANCES IS THAT 3174 02:24:56,920 --> 02:24:57,800 ANIMAL NAVIGATING THE 3175 02:24:57,800 --> 02:25:00,880 ENVIRONMENT BEHAVING BUT ALSO 3176 02:25:00,880 --> 02:25:04,960 THE SOCIAL CONTEXT AND THE CON 3177 02:25:04,960 --> 02:25:07,920 SPECIFICS AS WELL AS PERHAPS 3178 02:25:07,920 --> 02:25:10,720 PREY OR OTHER THREATS OR OTHER 3179 02:25:10,720 --> 02:25:16,920 PEOPLE OR ANIMALS AROUND THE 3180 02:25:16,920 --> 02:25:18,520 SUBJECTS. 3181 02:25:18,520 --> 02:25:19,840 OF COURSE WE TYPICALLY DON'T 3182 02:25:19,840 --> 02:25:22,360 OPERATE IN ISOLATION OF OUR 3183 02:25:22,360 --> 02:25:28,920 ENVIRONMENT OR OF OTHER 3184 02:25:28,920 --> 02:25:29,200 SPECIFICS. 3185 02:25:29,200 --> 02:25:32,600 SO THE GOAL OF THE WORKSHOP IS 3186 02:25:32,600 --> 02:25:34,960 TO TRY TO SORT OUT DIFFERENT 3187 02:25:34,960 --> 02:25:39,360 WAYS OF LINK ACTIVITY TO 3188 02:25:39,360 --> 02:25:40,960 BEHAVIOR. 3189 02:25:40,960 --> 02:25:44,480 AND NOT TO THINK OF THE 3190 02:25:44,480 --> 02:25:46,600 BEHAVIORS VIDEO PROCESSORS WHERE 3191 02:25:46,600 --> 02:25:49,840 YOU HAVE AN INPUT, A SECTOR AND 3192 02:25:49,840 --> 02:25:52,280 BEHAVIOR BUT MORE AT THE LEVEL 3193 02:25:52,280 --> 02:25:56,960 OF THE CURRENT NETWORKS AND 3194 02:25:56,960 --> 02:25:58,640 THINK PEOPLE SPOKE ABOUT LESSONS 3195 02:25:58,640 --> 02:26:03,240 WE LEARNED FROM CONTROL THEORY. 3196 02:26:03,240 --> 02:26:04,920 ANOTHER INTERESTING POINT RAISED 3197 02:26:04,920 --> 02:26:06,520 WAS THE NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE 3198 02:26:06,520 --> 02:26:15,560 PURPOSE AND GOAL OF BEHAVIOR. 3199 02:26:15,560 --> 02:26:19,240 AND THE SENSORY INPUT THAT 3200 02:26:19,240 --> 02:26:20,920 DRIVES A SPECIFIC SISHLTH AND 3201 02:26:20,920 --> 02:26:22,240 RESULTS IN A SPECIFIC BEHAVIOR 3202 02:26:22,240 --> 02:26:25,360 BUT IT WAS POINTED OUT MAYBE 3203 02:26:25,360 --> 02:26:27,480 IT'S MORE OF A CLOSED-LOOP 3204 02:26:27,480 --> 02:26:29,920 SYSTEM AND THE BEHAVIOR CAN 3205 02:26:29,920 --> 02:26:32,120 DRIVE WHAT SENSORY ONE GETS. 3206 02:26:32,120 --> 02:26:34,000 WHEN I'M DRIVING AROUND DISH 3207 02:26:34,000 --> 02:26:35,120 REMEMBER DRIVING AROUND TOWN 3208 02:26:35,120 --> 02:26:40,920 AFTER MOVING TO BERKELEY TO A 3209 02:26:40,920 --> 02:26:42,760 FAMOUS BARBECUE JOINT AND 3210 02:26:42,760 --> 02:26:44,960 NAVIGATED TO MYSELF THAT PLACE 3211 02:26:44,960 --> 02:26:48,960 BECAUSE MY BEHAVIOR WAS DRIVING 3212 02:26:48,960 --> 02:26:53,240 ME TO A MORE PLEASURABLE SENSORY 3213 02:26:53,240 --> 02:26:55,920 INPUT. 3214 02:26:55,920 --> 02:27:00,960 IT'S HARD TO OVERSTRESS THE 3215 02:27:00,960 --> 02:27:01,920 IMPORTANCE OF ESTABLISHING 3216 02:27:01,920 --> 02:27:15,040 CAUSALITY AND AS WE GET INTO 3217 02:27:15,040 --> 02:27:19,920 MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES WE 3218 02:27:19,920 --> 02:27:23,040 HAVE TO LOOK AT HYPOTHESES AND 3219 02:27:23,040 --> 02:27:25,280 VALIDATE OR FALSIFY THE 3220 02:27:25,280 --> 02:27:29,960 HYPOTHESIS AN LEAD TO NEW AND 3221 02:27:29,960 --> 02:27:30,280 BETTER ONES. 3222 02:27:30,280 --> 02:27:33,040 DAVID ANDERSON PUT A NICE 3223 02:27:33,040 --> 02:27:37,200 ANALOGY IN THE CHAT YESTERDAY 3224 02:27:37,200 --> 02:27:50,720 AFTER THE TALKS. 3225 02:27:50,720 --> 02:27:52,320 LOOKING AT A VARIETY OF 3226 02:27:52,320 --> 02:27:53,920 DIFFERENT SPECIES EACH WITH 3227 02:27:53,920 --> 02:27:57,280 THEIR OWN SPECIALIZATIONS WILL 3228 02:27:57,280 --> 02:28:01,400 HELP US IDENTIFY GENERALIZIZED 3229 02:28:01,400 --> 02:28:02,000 STRATEGIES AND ULTIMATELY IN 3230 02:28:02,000 --> 02:28:11,600 BEHAVIOR. 3231 02:28:11,600 --> 02:28:16,880 EVOLUTION IN TERMS OF SPECIES 3232 02:28:16,880 --> 02:28:22,840 IT'S BEEN GOING ON 4500 YEES -- 3233 02:28:22,840 --> 02:28:27,840 YEARS AND WHAT ARE THE LESSONS 3234 02:28:27,840 --> 02:28:30,440 WE CAN LEARN AND ECOING THE 3235 02:28:30,440 --> 02:28:31,880 COMMENTS NOW AS WELL AS IN THE 3236 02:28:31,880 --> 02:28:37,240 CHAT, NOT EVERYTHING HAS TO BE 3237 02:28:37,240 --> 02:28:43,240 SIMILAR FOR US TO UNDERSTAND THE 3238 02:28:43,240 --> 02:28:44,440 DIFFERENCES ARE USEFUL AND WE 3239 02:28:44,440 --> 02:28:49,960 NEED TO PAY ATTENTION TO THEM. 3240 02:28:49,960 --> 02:28:52,960 THE FINAL POINT IS TO ADDRESS 3241 02:28:52,960 --> 02:28:53,440 VARIABILITY. 3242 02:28:53,440 --> 02:28:54,600 IF WE UNDERSTAND THE DRIVERS OF 3243 02:28:54,600 --> 02:29:00,840 VARIABILITY IN WHATEVER WE 3244 02:29:00,840 --> 02:29:02,600 STUDY WE CAN LEARN A LOT ABOUT 3245 02:29:02,600 --> 02:29:04,360 THE SYSTEMS AND THERE WAS A 3246 02:29:04,360 --> 02:29:06,840 GREAT POINT THAT VARIABILITY IN 3247 02:29:06,840 --> 02:29:08,240 BEHAVIOR ISN'T ALWAYS JUST 3248 02:29:08,240 --> 02:29:08,840 NOISE. 3249 02:29:08,840 --> 02:29:12,480 AGAIN SOMETHING TO PAY ATTENTION 3250 02:29:12,480 --> 02:29:12,640 TO. 3251 02:29:12,640 --> 02:29:16,520 AND WE'VE ALSO COME ACROSS SOME 3252 02:29:16,520 --> 02:29:18,880 ONGOING NEEDS. 3253 02:29:18,880 --> 02:29:20,960 VERY IMPORTANT IS WE NEED 3254 02:29:20,960 --> 02:29:24,920 FRAMEWORK FOR DESIGNING AND 3255 02:29:24,920 --> 02:29:26,560 INTERPRETING OUR INVESTIGATIONS. 3256 02:29:26,560 --> 02:29:28,720 AND WE HAVE SOME FRAMEWORKS AND 3257 02:29:28,720 --> 02:29:38,240 WE NEED MORE AND BETTER ONES WE 3258 02:29:38,240 --> 02:29:40,680 ARE LOOKING AT AN ABUNDANCE OF 3259 02:29:40,680 --> 02:29:43,960 RICHES HERE AND WE NEED TO 3260 02:29:43,960 --> 02:29:46,960 DEVELOP DATA INFRASTRUCTURE TO 3261 02:29:46,960 --> 02:29:48,560 HANDLE, STORE, ANALYZE COMPARE 3262 02:29:48,560 --> 02:29:50,680 AND DISSEMINATE LARGE AND 3263 02:29:50,680 --> 02:29:51,240 COMPLEX DATA SETS. 3264 02:29:51,240 --> 02:29:53,000 I THINK IT WAS MENTIONED A 3265 02:29:53,000 --> 02:29:56,320 COUPLE TIMES THAT QUALITY 3266 02:29:56,320 --> 02:29:59,040 CONTROL AND METADATA STANDARDS 3267 02:29:59,040 --> 02:30:01,600 ARE ESSENTIAL TO ENSURE 3268 02:30:01,600 --> 02:30:04,960 DEMOCRATIZE AND REUSE OF DATA 3269 02:30:04,960 --> 02:30:06,560 AND MANY INSTANCES PEOPLE HAVE 3270 02:30:06,560 --> 02:30:12,840 DISCUSSED THE IMPORTANCE OF 3271 02:30:12,840 --> 02:30:13,920 DEVELOPING NEW MACHINE LEARNING 3272 02:30:13,920 --> 02:30:18,840 AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 3273 02:30:18,840 --> 02:30:20,960 APPROACHES TO ASSIST US AND FROM 3274 02:30:20,960 --> 02:30:22,320 THE HARDWARE SIDE WE HAVE 3275 02:30:22,320 --> 02:30:23,880 SEVERAL TECHNOLOGY NEEDS AND I 3276 02:30:23,880 --> 02:30:25,440 PUT THEM INTO BUCKETS. 3277 02:30:25,440 --> 02:30:27,760 IT'S CLEAR WE NEED NEW AND/OR 3278 02:30:27,760 --> 02:30:33,240 IMPROVED MODALITIES FOR 3279 02:30:33,240 --> 02:30:35,440 INCREASED SPATIAL RECORDING 3280 02:30:35,440 --> 02:30:40,560 ELECTRODES AND NEW VIDEO 3281 02:30:40,560 --> 02:30:45,560 MONITORING TECHNIQUES AND WHAT 3282 02:30:45,560 --> 02:30:46,120 ARE WE MISSING. 3283 02:30:46,120 --> 02:30:49,000 CAN WE PICK UP MORE WITH HIGH 3284 02:30:49,000 --> 02:30:52,400 SPEED VIDEO TO GET A MORE 3285 02:30:52,400 --> 02:30:55,080 GRANULAR ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIORS. 3286 02:30:55,080 --> 02:30:56,560 WHAT ARE WE MISSING BY USING IN 3287 02:30:56,560 --> 02:30:58,760 SOME CASES CONVENTIONAL VIDEO. 3288 02:30:58,760 --> 02:31:00,240 AND THERE'S OTHER WAYS OF 3289 02:31:00,240 --> 02:31:03,160 MONITORING BEHAVIORS BESIDES 3290 02:31:03,160 --> 02:31:04,960 VIDEO. 3291 02:31:04,960 --> 02:31:05,800 THERE'S A LOT OF APPLICATIONS 3292 02:31:05,800 --> 02:31:11,840 OUT THERE, INFRARED, LIDAR. 3293 02:31:11,840 --> 02:31:15,000 WHEN YOUR iPHONE LOOKS AT YOU 3294 02:31:15,000 --> 02:31:16,960 WHAT IS IT DOING? 3295 02:31:16,960 --> 02:31:18,440 IT'S PROCESSING AND THERE'S A 3296 02:31:18,440 --> 02:31:24,200 LOT OF TECHNOLOGIES THAT HAVEN'T 3297 02:31:24,200 --> 02:31:26,680 BEEN FULLY LEVERAGED AND THERE'S 3298 02:31:26,680 --> 02:31:30,360 ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN THINKING 3299 02:31:30,360 --> 02:31:33,040 ABOUT WEARABLES AND THERE WAS A 3300 02:31:33,040 --> 02:31:34,920 BEAUTIFUL STUDY WITH THE 3301 02:31:34,920 --> 02:31:41,760 WEARABLE IN A HUMAN HUMONGOUS 3302 02:31:41,760 --> 02:31:43,160 BACKPACK AND WE'RE NOT GOING TO 3303 02:31:43,160 --> 02:31:45,040 PUT IT ON A RAT AND TALKING 3304 02:31:45,040 --> 02:31:47,440 ABOUT THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND 3305 02:31:47,440 --> 02:31:49,280 THAT BECOMES IMPORTANT AS WITH 3306 02:31:49,280 --> 02:31:51,000 BANDWIDTH AND ENERGY IN AND 3307 02:31:51,000 --> 02:31:51,840 SIGNAL OUT. 3308 02:31:51,840 --> 02:31:55,400 AND VERY IMPORTANT AND THIS IS 3309 02:31:55,400 --> 02:31:57,800 THE S IN THE SYNCHRONIZATION, WE 3310 02:31:57,800 --> 02:32:00,520 NEED TO FIND PAYS TO BETTER 3311 02:32:00,520 --> 02:32:04,600 INTEGRATE FROM MULTIPLE 3312 02:32:04,600 --> 02:32:06,040 MODALITIES AND SYNCHRONIZE THEM 3313 02:32:06,040 --> 02:32:09,040 WHETHER THEY'RE PHYSIO LOGIC OR 3314 02:32:09,040 --> 02:32:12,560 BEHAVIORAL, WHAT HAVE YOU. 3315 02:32:12,560 --> 02:32:14,720 AND STARTED TO SEE SYSTEMS 3316 02:32:14,720 --> 02:32:16,120 DEPLOYED IN HUMANS AND THIS 3317 02:32:16,120 --> 02:32:19,960 INVOLVES ON THE FLY PROCESSING. 3318 02:32:19,960 --> 02:32:28,800 ALL THE ABOVE THINGS WILL BE 3319 02:32:28,800 --> 02:32:29,240 REQUIRED FOR EVENTUAL 3320 02:32:29,240 --> 02:32:29,800 APPLICATIONS IN HUMANS. 3321 02:32:29,800 --> 02:32:33,040 I WANT US TO CONSIDER A FEW 3322 02:32:33,040 --> 02:32:34,920 THINGS AS NEXT STEPS FOR THE 3323 02:32:34,920 --> 02:32:35,160 FUTURE. 3324 02:32:35,160 --> 02:32:37,800 FOR RESEARCHERS IN THE FIELD AND 3325 02:32:37,800 --> 02:32:41,040 ON THE PART OF THE FUNDERS. 3326 02:32:41,040 --> 02:32:42,480 SO THE MOST IMPORTANT THING FOR 3327 02:32:42,480 --> 02:32:44,040 US TO TALK TO EACH OTHER. 3328 02:32:44,040 --> 02:32:47,000 IT'S BEEN A GREAT WORKSHOP. 3329 02:32:47,000 --> 02:32:49,000 I REGRET WE COULDN'T DO THIS IN 3330 02:32:49,000 --> 02:32:50,040 PERSON BECAUSE I IMAGINE THERE 3331 02:32:50,040 --> 02:32:52,560 WOULD HAVE BEEN SOME REALLY 3332 02:32:52,560 --> 02:32:55,120 GREAT DISCUSSIONS AT THE BREAKS 3333 02:32:55,120 --> 02:32:58,240 AND EVENINGS AT THE BAR AND OVER 3334 02:32:58,240 --> 02:33:00,960 DINNER BUT IT'S IMPORTANT WE 3335 02:33:00,960 --> 02:33:01,560 FIND COMPLIMENTARY AREAS OF 3336 02:33:01,560 --> 02:33:04,520 EXPERTISE TO BREAK DOWN 3337 02:33:04,520 --> 02:33:05,840 TECHNICAL AND CONCEPTUAL 3338 02:33:05,840 --> 02:33:08,760 BARRIERS THAT PREVENT US FROM 3339 02:33:08,760 --> 02:33:10,440 SOLVING THE DIFFICULT PROBLEMS. 3340 02:33:10,440 --> 02:33:11,880 WE SHOULD ASK OURSELVES WHAT NEW 3341 02:33:11,880 --> 02:33:13,440 DISCIPLINES CAN WE BRING TO THE 3342 02:33:13,440 --> 02:33:16,040 PARTY TO HELP US REINVENT OUR 3343 02:33:16,040 --> 02:33:16,880 OWN SCIENTIFIC ECO SYSTEM AND 3344 02:33:16,880 --> 02:33:20,240 CAN WE CREATE A NEW FIELD OUT OF 3345 02:33:20,240 --> 02:33:21,400 EXISTING ONES. 3346 02:33:21,400 --> 02:33:24,400 JUST BY BRINGING PEOPLE IN THAT 3347 02:33:24,400 --> 02:33:25,440 HAVEN'T CONSIDERED THE TOPICS 3348 02:33:25,440 --> 02:33:28,040 OVER THE LAST TWO DAYS THERE'S A 3349 02:33:28,040 --> 02:33:30,200 HUGE BENEFIT TO PUBLIC PRIVATE 3350 02:33:30,200 --> 02:33:31,240 PARTNERSHIPS AND THIS LITTLE 3351 02:33:31,240 --> 02:33:37,960 THING I PUT IN HERE I HAVE TO 3352 02:33:37,960 --> 02:33:40,960 CREDIT ANOTHER PERSON WHERE THE 3353 02:33:40,960 --> 02:33:43,960 COMBINATION BETWEEN ACADEMIC 3354 02:33:43,960 --> 02:33:46,680 INSTITUTIONS AND NONPROFITS AND 3355 02:33:46,680 --> 02:33:47,840 ORGANIZERS AND INDUSTRY AND 3356 02:33:47,840 --> 02:33:53,240 GOVERNMENT REALLY LEADS TO GREAT 3357 02:33:53,240 --> 02:33:53,520 INNOVATION. 3358 02:33:53,520 --> 02:33:55,240 VERY IMPORTANTLY, WE NEED TO 3359 02:33:55,240 --> 02:33:59,200 CONSIDER THE ETHICAL, LEGAL 3360 02:33:59,200 --> 02:34:01,760 SOCIETAL IMPACTS AAT THE OUTSET 3361 02:34:01,760 --> 02:34:04,040 AND THE VERY BEGINNING WHEN WE 3362 02:34:04,040 --> 02:34:04,680 START THINKING ABOUT THE STUDIES 3363 02:34:04,680 --> 02:34:10,040 WE WANT TO CONDUCT, WE NEED TO 3364 02:34:10,040 --> 02:34:12,920 THINK OF THE IMPLICATIONS AND 3365 02:34:12,920 --> 02:34:16,640 THE RISKS AND COSTS AND HOW CAN 3366 02:34:16,640 --> 02:34:19,920 WE JUSTIFY DOING THE EXPERIMENTS 3367 02:34:19,920 --> 02:34:21,800 WHETHER IT'S AN ANIMAL OR WHEN 3368 02:34:21,800 --> 02:34:25,040 IT'S IN HUMANS AND CRITICALLY WE 3369 02:34:25,040 --> 02:34:27,600 NEED TO CONSIDER WHO IS IN THE 3370 02:34:27,600 --> 02:34:27,800 ROOM. 3371 02:34:27,800 --> 02:34:28,760 WHO IS IN THE ROOM WILL 3372 02:34:28,760 --> 02:34:29,800 DETERMINE WHAT QUESTIONS ARE 3373 02:34:29,800 --> 02:34:31,120 ADDRESSED AND THEREFORE WHO 3374 02:34:31,120 --> 02:34:32,040 STANDS TO BENEFIT. 3375 02:34:32,040 --> 02:34:35,840 LET'S NOT DISCOUNT THE VERY 3376 02:34:35,840 --> 02:34:43,960 CRITICAL NEED TO CONSIDER A 3377 02:34:43,960 --> 02:34:51,680 DIVERSITY OF PERSPECTIVES. 3378 02:34:51,680 --> 02:34:54,400 THERE'S DISCUSSION GIVEN THE 3379 02:34:54,400 --> 02:34:55,960 ENORMITY OF THE PROBLEM OF HOW 3380 02:34:55,960 --> 02:34:59,640 NEURAL CIRCUITS UNDER LIE THE 3381 02:34:59,640 --> 02:35:04,920 BEHAVIOR, IS THIS THE BIG 3382 02:35:04,920 --> 02:35:08,280 PROBLEM. 3383 02:35:08,280 --> 02:35:09,600 IT'S A GREAT QUESTION. 3384 02:35:09,600 --> 02:35:11,240 WHAT I POSE TO YOU IS THE 3385 02:35:11,240 --> 02:35:14,440 FOLLOWING, NOW, ONE COULD THINK 3386 02:35:14,440 --> 02:35:16,920 ABOUT STANDING UP ASSEMBLY LINE 3387 02:35:16,920 --> 02:35:18,560 FACTORS AND THESE ARE GREAT FOR 3388 02:35:18,560 --> 02:35:19,800 CRANKING OUT DATA BUT YOU NEED A 3389 02:35:19,800 --> 02:35:21,560 QUESTION AND GOAL IN MIND. 3390 02:35:21,560 --> 02:35:24,680 IT DOESN'T MAKE SENSE JUST TO 3391 02:35:24,680 --> 02:35:29,960 THROW THOUS IT -- THOUSANDS OF 3392 02:35:29,960 --> 02:35:31,280 PEOPLE AT A PROBLEM IF YOU DON'T 3393 02:35:31,280 --> 02:35:33,240 HAVE A FRAMEWORK. 3394 02:35:33,240 --> 02:35:36,400 THE OTHER IS THE IDEA OF 3395 02:35:36,400 --> 02:35:37,920 ESTABLISHING COLLABORATIVE 3396 02:35:37,920 --> 02:35:38,800 CONSORTIA WHERE WE HAVE SMALLER 3397 02:35:38,800 --> 02:35:40,960 GROUPS OF PEOPLE FOCUSSED ON 3398 02:35:40,960 --> 02:35:43,960 SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH A COMMON 3399 02:35:43,960 --> 02:35:49,160 GOAL SHARED WITH OTHERS IN THE 3400 02:35:49,160 --> 02:35:50,680 CONSORTIUM TO TEST THEM TOGETHER 3401 02:35:50,680 --> 02:35:52,800 AND THE FINAL OUTPUT WILL BE 3402 02:35:52,800 --> 02:35:54,400 GREATER THAN THE SUM OF THE 3403 02:35:54,400 --> 02:35:55,840 PARTS. 3404 02:35:55,840 --> 02:35:57,680 I THINK THERE'S A LOT OF SPACE 3405 02:35:57,680 --> 02:36:00,400 BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL LABS, SMALL 3406 02:36:00,400 --> 02:36:02,360 LABS AND THESE GIGANTIC FACTORY 3407 02:36:02,360 --> 02:36:03,360 FORMING EFFORTS. 3408 02:36:03,360 --> 02:36:05,640 I WAS FORTUNATE TO BE INVOLVED 3409 02:36:05,640 --> 02:36:07,920 IN THE BRAIN INITIATIVE CELL 3410 02:36:07,920 --> 02:36:09,240 CENSUS NETWORK AND ONE OF THE 3411 02:36:09,240 --> 02:36:11,600 PAPERS WE PUBLISHED TOGETHER 3412 02:36:11,600 --> 02:36:14,880 BACK IN OCTOBER HAD 250 3413 02:36:14,880 --> 02:36:16,280 RESEARCHERS ON THAT AND 3414 02:36:16,280 --> 02:36:16,600 INVESTIGATORS. 3415 02:36:16,600 --> 02:36:19,000 BUT IT WAS A COMING TOGETHER OF 3416 02:36:19,000 --> 02:36:20,240 MULTIPLE GROUPS WORKING TOGETHER 3417 02:36:20,240 --> 02:36:22,520 WITH A SHARED GOAL OF TRYING TO 3418 02:36:22,520 --> 02:36:24,920 SOLVE A LARGER PROBLEM WHERE NO 3419 02:36:24,920 --> 02:36:26,240 ONE WOULD AS POWERFUL AS SOME OF 3420 02:36:26,240 --> 02:36:27,240 THE GROUPS MIGHT HAVE BEEN COULD 3421 02:36:27,240 --> 02:36:30,200 HAVE DONE IT ON THEIR OWN. 3422 02:36:30,200 --> 02:36:35,000 NOW, THE ISSUE OF THE CREDIT IS 3423 02:36:35,000 --> 02:36:38,040 A BIG ONE AND WILL TAKE A 3424 02:36:38,040 --> 02:36:39,960 PARADIGM SHIFT NOT JUST ON THE 3425 02:36:39,960 --> 02:36:42,600 PART OF GRANT REVIEWERS BUT ON 3426 02:36:42,600 --> 02:36:47,880 US, THE ENEMY IS US. 3427 02:36:47,880 --> 02:36:53,160 IT'S THE FOLKS HERE IN THE 3428 02:36:53,160 --> 02:36:55,280 ACADEMIC AND INDUSTRIAL REALM 3429 02:36:55,280 --> 02:36:57,840 AND REVIEWING AND PROMOTION 3430 02:36:57,840 --> 02:37:00,240 CASES AND REVIEWING JOURNAL 3431 02:37:00,240 --> 02:37:03,000 ARTICLES AND SOME OF US 3432 02:37:03,000 --> 02:37:03,800 RECOVERING ACADEMICS AND 3433 02:37:03,800 --> 02:37:05,000 GOVERNMENT ARE ALSO LOOKING AT 3434 02:37:05,000 --> 02:37:07,520 WAYS OF TRYING TO ASSIGN CREDIT 3435 02:37:07,520 --> 02:37:09,880 WHERE IT'S NOT QUITE AS OBVIOUS 3436 02:37:09,880 --> 02:37:12,960 AS IT MIGHT HAVE BEEN SIX OR 12 3437 02:37:12,960 --> 02:37:15,560 YEARS AGO BUT THERE'S A PATH 3438 02:37:15,560 --> 02:37:16,040 FORWARD. 3439 02:37:16,040 --> 02:37:17,200 THE GREAT REWARD IS WE CAN ALL 3440 02:37:17,200 --> 02:37:19,200 DO BETTER SCIENCE BY 3441 02:37:19,200 --> 02:37:20,160 COLLABORATING AND WORKING 3442 02:37:20,160 --> 02:37:23,000 TOGETHER. 3443 02:37:23,000 --> 02:37:25,680 VERY IMPORTANTLY, THIS TIES INTO 3444 02:37:25,680 --> 02:37:28,400 THE IMPORTANCE OF MENTORING, 3445 02:37:28,400 --> 02:37:34,040 PROMOTING THE NEXT GENERATION OF 3446 02:37:34,040 --> 02:37:37,000 LEADERS. 3447 02:37:37,000 --> 02:37:39,680 THE HEART AND SOUL OF MOST 3448 02:37:39,680 --> 02:37:42,400 STUDENTS ARE THOSE THE POSTDOCKS 3449 02:37:42,400 --> 02:37:45,000 AND NEED TO MORE THAN AND 3450 02:37:45,000 --> 02:37:47,240 CULTIVATE BECAUSE THESE ARE THE 3451 02:37:47,240 --> 02:37:48,520 FOLKS TAKING THE FRUITS OF OUR 3452 02:37:48,520 --> 02:37:53,440 LABOR AND MAKING A HUGE IMPACT 3453 02:37:53,440 --> 02:37:54,160 OF TOMORROW. 3454 02:37:54,160 --> 02:37:55,560 STAY TUNED. 3455 02:37:55,560 --> 02:37:57,440 AGAIN, TALK TO EACH OTHER. 3456 02:37:57,440 --> 02:37:58,960 HOPEFULLY IF NOTHING ELSE SOME 3457 02:37:58,960 --> 02:38:02,120 OF YOU FOLKS MADE SOME 3458 02:38:02,120 --> 02:38:03,840 CONNECTIONS AND THINK OF DOING 3459 02:38:03,840 --> 02:38:05,160 PROJECTS TOGETHER YOU MIGHT NOT 3460 02:38:05,160 --> 02:38:07,520 HAVE OTHERWISE BEFORE AND THERE 3461 02:38:07,520 --> 02:38:10,240 ARE A NUMBER OF CURRENT FUNDING 3462 02:38:10,240 --> 02:38:12,240 OPPORTUNITIES NOT ONLY AT BRAIN 3463 02:38:12,240 --> 02:38:13,960 BUT ELSEWHERE AT NIH AS WELL AS 3464 02:38:13,960 --> 02:38:15,960 NSF THAT YOU FOLKS MIGHT FIND 3465 02:38:15,960 --> 02:38:19,320 YOURSELVES WELL ALIGNED TO AND 3466 02:38:19,320 --> 02:38:20,960 STAY TUNED FOR A FUTURE FOA 3467 02:38:20,960 --> 02:38:21,840 COMING OUT OF THE BRAIN 3468 02:38:21,840 --> 02:38:22,680 INITIATIVE IN THIS SPACE AND 3469 02:38:22,680 --> 02:38:24,960 GOING BACK TO A POINT I RAISED 3470 02:38:24,960 --> 02:38:28,440 BEFORE THAT WE HAVE ORGANIZED 3471 02:38:28,440 --> 02:38:31,240 THIS SYMPOSIUM, THIS WORKSHOP IN 3472 02:38:31,240 --> 02:38:35,600 TERMS OF HUMAN AND ORGANISMAL 3473 02:38:35,600 --> 02:38:36,520 COMPARATIVE RESEARCH AND THE 3474 02:38:36,520 --> 02:38:38,000 OVERALL GOAL IS TO HAVE CROSS 3475 02:38:38,000 --> 02:38:42,400 TALK BETWEEN THE GROUPS BECAUSE 3476 02:38:42,400 --> 02:38:43,280 WE STAND A LOT TO LEARN FROM 3477 02:38:43,280 --> 02:38:44,240 EACH OTHER. 3478 02:38:44,240 --> 02:38:45,960 I'D LIKE TO THANK EVERYBODY 3479 02:38:45,960 --> 02:38:48,120 HERE, ALL THE PARTICIPANTS FOR 3480 02:38:48,120 --> 02:38:49,920 THE GREAT DISCUSSION FOR TALKING 3481 02:38:49,920 --> 02:38:52,760 ABOUT SOME REALLY GREAT IDEAS IN 3482 02:38:52,760 --> 02:38:54,280 GREAT SCIENCE AND THE ORGANIZERS 3483 02:38:54,280 --> 02:38:56,880 WHO PUT TOGETHER A TERRIFIC 3484 02:38:56,880 --> 02:38:57,160 WORKSHOP. 3485 02:38:57,160 --> 02:39:00,440 I'LL STOP HERE AND TURN IT BACK 3486 02:39:00,440 --> 02:39:02,080 OVER TO HOLLY OR DANA. 3487 02:39:02,080 --> 02:39:05,040 >> DANA. 3488 02:39:05,040 --> 02:39:06,240 THANK YOU. 3489 02:39:06,240 --> 02:39:07,240 >> TERRIFIC. 3490 02:39:07,240 --> 02:39:08,560 THANK YOU SO MUCH JOHN. 3491 02:39:08,560 --> 02:39:10,240 HOW EXCITED I'VE BEEN ABOUT THIS 3492 02:39:10,240 --> 02:39:12,240 EFFORT AND PUSHING THIS FORWARD. 3493 02:39:12,240 --> 02:39:14,960 THIS HAS BEEN A TERRIFIC 3494 02:39:14,960 --> 02:39:15,880 WORKSHOP. 3495 02:39:15,880 --> 02:39:19,960 IT HAS GIVEN US AT NIH AS WELL 3496 02:39:19,960 --> 02:39:24,440 AS OUR SISTER AGENCIES SOME 3497 02:39:24,440 --> 02:39:25,440 GREAT INFORMATION, RICH 3498 02:39:25,440 --> 02:39:28,280 INFORMATION FOR US TO GO OFF ON. 3499 02:39:28,280 --> 02:39:32,040 I ALSO WANT TO SAY IS THAT WE 3500 02:39:32,040 --> 02:39:33,520 ARE SCRATCHING THE TIP OF THIS 3501 02:39:33,520 --> 02:39:35,160 BIG QUESTION. 3502 02:39:35,160 --> 02:39:38,040 WE SEE THIS AS A WORKSHOP THAT 3503 02:39:38,040 --> 02:39:40,320 IS THE LARGER UMBRELLA AND WE 3504 02:39:40,320 --> 02:39:43,320 WILL HAVE MORE FOCUSSED EFFORTS 3505 02:39:43,320 --> 02:39:48,520 WORKSHOPS OR WORKING GROUPS 3506 02:39:48,520 --> 02:39:49,080 COMING OUT OF THIS AS WELL. 3507 02:39:49,080 --> 02:39:50,040 SO PLEASE STAY TUNED. 3508 02:39:50,040 --> 02:39:51,800 AGAIN, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR 3509 02:39:51,800 --> 02:39:53,880 YOUR PARTICIPATION AND I HOPE 3510 02:39:53,880 --> 02:39:56,960 YOU ALL HAVE A WONDERFUL DAY AND 3511 02:39:56,960 --> 02:39:58,880 HAVE ENJOYED THE WORKSHOP AS 3512 02:39:58,880 --> 00:00:00,000 MUCH AS I HAVE.