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>> WELCOME. I'M JEFF
REZNICK

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SENIOR HISTORIAN NATIONAL

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LIBRARY OF MEDICINE AT THE

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NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH.

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THANK YOU FOR FOR JOINING US FOR

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THE 50TH ANNUAL JAMES H. CASSEDY

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MEMORIAL LECTURE HISTORY OF

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MEDICINE PART OF THE NATIONAL

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LIBRARY OF MEDICINE'S 2024

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HISTORY TALKS SERIES. TALKS

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PROMOTE AWARENESS AND USE OF NLM

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AND RELATED HISTORICAL

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COLLECTIONS OF RESEARCH

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EDUCATION AND PUBLIC SERVICE IN

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BIOMEDICINE AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

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AND HUMANITIES. NLM HISTORY

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TALKS SUPPORT COMMITMENT OF NLM

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TO RECOGNIZE THE DIVERSITY

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DIVERSITY OF COLLECTIONS

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SPANNING 10 CENTURIES ENCOMPASS

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RANGE OF FORMATS AND ORIGINATE

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IN EVERY PART OF GLOBE. NLM

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HISTORY OFFERS VOICES TO PEOPLE

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OF COLOR, WOMEN AND CULTURES OF

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DISCIPLINARY BACKGROUNDS WHO

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VALUE AND USE THEM TO ADVANCE

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RESEARCH AND TEACHING AN

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LEARNING. FOR THOSE WHO WISH TO

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SHARE QUESTIONS WITH OUR SPEAKER

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PLEASE USE THE LIVE FEEDBACK

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BUTTON YOU SEE UNDER YOUR VIDEO.

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NOW FOR 15 YEARS THE NATIONAL

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LIBRARY OF MEDICINE POSTED THIS

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SPECIAL LECTURE IN MEMORY OF OUR

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LATE COLLEAGUE JAMES H. CASSEDY,

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RENOWN HISTORIAN OF MEDICINE 50

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YEAR EMPLOYEE OF NLM EDITOR OF

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THE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HISTORY OF

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MEDICINE AND SUPPORTER OF MANY

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RESEARCH TOOLS VALUED BY

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GENERATION OF SCHOLARS.  DURING

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THE COURSE OF HIS DISTINGUISHED

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SCHOLAR CAREER HE RECEIVED EVERY

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MAJOR HONOR THE AMERICAN

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ASSOCIATION FOR HISTORY OF

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MEDICINE BEST STOWSS. IN ADDITIN

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O THE WELCH MEDAL RECEIVED BOOKS

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AMERICAN MEDS SIN AND

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STATISTICAL THINKING, 1800 TO

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1860, PUBLISHED IN 1984 AND

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MEDICINE AND AMERICAN GROWTH

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1800 TO 1860 PUBLISHED IN 1986,

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DR. CASSEDY WAS AWARDED THE

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ASSOCIATION'S LIFETIME

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ACHIEVEMENT AWARD AND DELIVERED

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THE HONNARY GARY SON LECTURE. HE

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ALSO SERVED AS PRESIDENT OF THE

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ASSOCIATION FROM 1982 TO 1984

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AND WORKED ON A NUMBER OF

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COMMITTECOMMITTEES. SO IN EVERYT

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OF FORMER COLLEAGUE IT IS MY

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PRIVILEGE TO ANNOUNCE TO

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INTRODUCE TODAY'S DISTINGUISHED

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SPEAKER DR. ALICE WEINREB,

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ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR HISTORY

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LOYOLA UNIVERSITY IN CHICAGO

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WHERE SHE TEACHES COURSES IN

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20TH CENTURY EUROPE, FOOD IN THE

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MODERN WORLD HOLOCAUST AND

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HISTORY OF PSYCHIATRY.  OVER THE

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COURSE OF HER DISTINGUISHED DA

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REPRODUCIBILITY CAREER SHE'S

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RECIPIENT OF MANY FELLOWSHIPS

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INCLUDING UNIVERSITY OF

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MICHIGAN, 2008, 2009, A SOCIAL

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SCIENCE RESEARCH COUNSEL

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INTERNATIONAL DISSERTATION FIELD

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RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP IN 2006 AND

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7, THE BERLIN PROGRAM FOR

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ADVANCE GERMAN EUROPEAN STUDIES

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FELLOWSHIP IN 2006 AND 2007, THE

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FOREIGN LANGUAGE AREA OF STUDIES

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SCHOLARSHIP, 2004, 2005 AND

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REGIONS FELLOWSHIP IN 2003,

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2004. MOST RECENTLY SHE WAS

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AWARD NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE

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HUMANITIES FELLOWSHIP FOR THE

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PERIOD 24, 25, TO PURSUE THE

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PROJECT SHE HAD BEEN DISCUSSING

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WITH US TODAY. DR. WEINREB'S

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FIRST BOOK MODERN HUNGERS FOOD

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AND POWER IN 20TH CENTURY

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GERMANY WAS PUBLISHED WITH

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OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS IN 2017

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AND RECEIVED THE 2017 LIBRARY

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FRANKEL BOOK PRIZE IN

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CONTEMPORARY HISTORY AND

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INAUGURAL 2017 WATERLOO CENTER

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GERMAN STUDIES BOOK PROJECT.

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THAT BRINGS ANALYSIS STATE

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POLICY, EXPERIENCES OF FAMINE AN

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MASS -- IN EVERY DAY FOOD

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CONSUMPTION, TO TRACE HISTORY

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AND LEGACY OF THE TWO WORLD WARS

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AND THE COLD WAR. DR. WEINREB'S

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ARTICLES APPEARED IN CENTRAL

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EUROPEAN SENTENCERY, GERMAN

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STUDIES REVIEW, BULLET OVIGER

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MINUTE HISTORICAL INSTITUTE AND

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(INAUDIBLE) OR POLITIC AS WELL

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AS THEY HAVE BEEN INCLUDED IN --

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HER SECOND BOOK TRACES THE RISE

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OF EATING DISORDERS FOCUSING ON

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ANOREXIA, BULIMIA AND BINGE

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EATING WITH THE STATUS OF

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EPIDEMIC DURING THE 1970s AND

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1980s.  SO TODAY DR. WEINREB

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JOINS TO OFFER PERSPECTIVES ON

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THIS PROJECT AS ITS SUBJECT

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DRAWS UPON COLLECTIONS OF THE

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NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE AS

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WELL AS MANY OTHER REPOSITORIES 

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ANOREXIA AND ARCHIVE,

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DOCUMENTING THE LATE 20TH

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CENTURY RISE IN EATING

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DISORDERS. DR. WEINREB, WELCOME

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AND THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR

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JOINING US TODAY.  LOOKING

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FORWARD TO YOUR TALK.

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>> THANK YOU SO MUCH,
JEFF. 

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THANK YOU FOR THAT LOVELY

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INTRODUCTIONS.  IT IS AN HONOR

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AND PRIVILEGE TO SPEAK WITH

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Y'ALL AND TO TO SHARE MY WORK. I

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WAS ESPECIALLY DELIGHTED TO

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RECEIVE THIS INVITATION SINCE AS

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YOU WILL SEE IN THIS TALK THE

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COLLECTIONS OF THE NATIONAL

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LIBRARY OF MEDICINE HAVE BEEN

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CRUCIAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF

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THIS PROJECT.  AND I WANT TO SAY

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THE OUTSET, WHAT I'M PRESENTING

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TODAY IS VERY MUCH A WORK IN

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PROGRESS, HOPE TO TALK ADVANTAGE

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OF THE REMARKABLY DIVERSE AND

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MEDICALLY INFORMED AUDIENCE OF

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THIS TALK TO INVITE QUESTIONS

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CRITICISMS OR SUGGESTIONS DURING

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THE Q&A OR INVITE PEOPLE TO

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REACH TOUT ME AFTER THIS TALK IS

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OVER. AS YOU HAVE HEARD AND CAN

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SEE, THE TITLE OF MY TALK IS

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ANOREXIA IN THE ARCHIVES

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DOCUMENTING THE LATE 20TH

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CENTURY RISE IN EITHER

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DISORDERS. MY TITLE INVOKES TWO

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DIFFERENT WAYS IN WHICH I

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CONCEPTUALLY AND ARCHIVE. FIRST

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OVER THE NEXT ROUGHLY 45 MINUTES

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I MR. RECONSTRUCT WHAT I

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CONCEPTUALIZE THE ARCHIVE OF A

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DISEASE. WHERE DID I LOOK AND

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WHAT SOURCES DID I FIND WHEN

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TRYING TO DOCUMENT EATING KISS

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ORDERS IN POST WAR AMERICA. I

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WILL BE PRESENTING IN THIS SENSE

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MY METHOD LOGICAL APPROACH FOR

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WRITING THE HISTORY OF SPECIFIC

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MEDICAL DIAGNOSES. TO BRIEFLY

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CONTEXTUALIZE THIS TALK THE

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LARGER PROJECT OF THIS TALK

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COMES OUT OF IS HUGE, USING

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MATERIAL FROM SEVERAL DOZEN

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ARCHIVES LOCATED IN EIGHT

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COUNTRIES. THESE ARCHIVES

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INCLUDED MEDICAL LIBRARIES,

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COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY ARCHIVE,

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FEMINIST ARCHIVES NATIONAL AND

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CITY ARCHIVES AND HOSPITAL AND

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CLINIC ARCHIVES. I DID WANT TO

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BRIEFLY MENTION NOTHING I'M

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GOING TO BE DISCUSSING OR

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PRESENTING HERE TODAY INVOLVES

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ANY CONFIDENTIAL OR PATIENT

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MATERIALS.  THUS THOUGH I WILL

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BE PRESENTING TO AMERICAN

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ARCHIVES IN MY TALK, MY

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OVERARCHING INTEREST IS

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MULTITUDE OF CO-EXISTING AND

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INTERSECTING ARCHIVES THAT

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EMERGED AROUND THE WORLD AT THIS

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TIME AROUND EATING DISORDERS.  

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SECONDLY, I TRY TO THINK ABOUT

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ARCHIVESARCHIVES METAPHORICALLY

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AFFIRMING THE REALITY AND

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SIGNIFICANCE OF A SUBJECT. I

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ARGUE IN THIS TALK THAT DURING

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THE LATE 20TH CENTURY SPECIFIC

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ACTORS AN SECONDMENTS OF SOCIETY

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COLLABORATED IN THE CONSTRUCTION

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OF EATING DISORDER ARCHIVES, A

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DELIBERATE PROJECT ROOTED IN A

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SHARED SENSE OF THE SIGNIFICANCE

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AND MEANING OF THESE PARTICULAR

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AFFLICTIONS. THUS MY TALK TODAY

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ANSWERS A HOW QUESTION, HOW DID

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EATING DISORDERS BECOME SUCH A

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CENTRAL CATEGORY OF MENTAL

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ILLNESS IN THE UNITED STATES

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DURING THE LATE 20TH CENTURY? TO

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ANSWER THIS QUESTION, I WILL

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TRACE TWO SPECIFIC MINI ARCHIVES

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OR TWO SPECIFIC ARCHIVES.  AND

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HERE AS YOU WILL SEE, I'M

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THINKING OF ARCHIVES NOT ONLY AS

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A COLLECTION OF STATIC DOCUMENTS

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AND OBJECTS BUT ALSO AS PLACES

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OF MOVEMENT AND CIRCULATION. 

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ARCHIVE ECONOMIES OR KNOWLEDGE

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INFRASTRUCTURE THAT DEVELOP

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AROUND TWO SPECIFIC DIAGNOSES IN

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TWO SPECIFIC CONTEXTS. FIRST FOR

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THE BULK OF THE TALK I WILL BE

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LOOKING AGENT THE ELEVATION OF

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ANOREXIA FOR VOICE IS A TO THE

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STATUS OF NATIONAL CRISIS

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BETWEEN 1970s AND EARLY

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1990s. DETAILING THE DIFFERENT

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CONSTITUENCIES THAT PARTICIPATED

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IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THIS

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EPIDEMIC. IN A SECOND PART OF MY

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TALK I WILL BRIEFLY DESCRIBE A

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RELATED BUT DISTINCT EATING

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DISORDER ARCHIVE, BULIMIA

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NERVOSA ON UNIVERSITY AND

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COLLEGE CAMPUSES. I MENTION MY

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INTEREST IS REALLY LARGELY DUE

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TO THE WORK OF SEVERAL WONDERFUL

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STUDENT INTERNS WHO I WORKED

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WITH OVER THE PAST FEW YEARS AT

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LOYOLA UNIVERSITY. BY TELLING

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THESE SORRIES AND NARRATING

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THESE ARCHIVES I HOPE TO

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HIGHLIGHT THE CONSTRUCTIVENESS

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AND HISTORICAL SPECIFICITY OF

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MENTAL HEALTH EPIDEMICS AS WELL

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AS TO DRAW ATTENTION O THE

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VARIETY OF WAYS IN WHICH MEDICAL

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KNOWLEDGE IS PRODUCED AND

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CONSUMED AS IT MOVES BETWEEN

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INDIVIDUALS AND COMMUNITIES.  IN

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1978 GERMAN JEWISH IMMIGRANT

253
00:08:56,442 --> 00:08:59,579
PEDIATRICIAN AND PSYCHIATRIST

254
00:08:59,579 --> 00:09:01,881
HILDA BROOK PUBLISHED THE FIRST

255
00:09:01,881 --> 00:09:02,949
BOOK ON ANOREXIA INTEND FORD THE

256
00:09:02,949 --> 00:09:05,585
LAY AUDIENCE. THE GOLDEN CAGE

257
00:09:05,585 --> 00:09:08,288
THE ENIGMA WAS HAILED UPON THE

258
00:09:08,288 --> 00:09:09,289
PUBLICATION OPENING A NEW

259
00:09:09,289 --> 00:09:10,957
CHAPTER IN MEDICINE AND POPULAR

260
00:09:10,957 --> 00:09:12,759
CULTURE INTRODUCING ANOREXIA TO

261
00:09:12,759 --> 00:09:14,327
A GENERATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE AND

262
00:09:14,327 --> 00:09:17,397
THEIR FAMILIES.  THE BOOK

263
00:09:17,397 --> 00:09:19,632
REISSUED IN TIMES TRANSLATED

264
00:09:19,632 --> 00:09:21,668
INTO 12 LANGUAGES AND SOLD OVER

265
00:09:21,668 --> 00:09:24,270
150,000 COPIES WORLDWIDE OPENS

266
00:09:24,270 --> 00:09:29,142
WITH A DRAMATIC CALL TO ARMS. 

267
00:09:29,142 --> 00:09:31,344
NEW DISEASES ARE RARE. AND A

268
00:09:31,344 --> 00:09:33,379
DISEASE THAT SELECTIVELY BEFALLS

269
00:09:33,379 --> 00:09:35,481
THE YOUNG RICH AND BEAUTIFUL IS

270
00:09:35,481 --> 00:09:37,483
PRACTICALLY UNHEARD OF. BUT SUCH

271
00:09:37,483 --> 00:09:39,185
A DISEASE IS AFFECTING THE

272
00:09:39,185 --> 00:09:40,753
DAUGHTERS OF WELL TO DO EDUCATED

273
00:09:40,753 --> 00:09:43,890
AND SUCCESSFUL FAMILIES IN NOT

274
00:09:43,890 --> 00:09:44,824
ONLY IN THE UNITED STATES BUT

275
00:09:44,824 --> 00:09:46,292
ALSO IN MANY OTHER AFFLUENT

276
00:09:46,292 --> 00:09:49,195
COUNTRIES.  THE CHIEF SYMPTOM IS

277
00:09:49,195 --> 00:09:51,631
SEVERE STARVATION LEADING TO A

278
00:09:51,631 --> 00:09:53,199
DEVASTATING WEIGHT LOSS.  SHE

279
00:09:53,199 --> 00:09:55,435
LOOKS LIKE THE VICTIM OF A

280
00:09:55,435 --> 00:09:56,803
CONCENTRATION CAMP IS NOT

281
00:09:56,803 --> 00:09:59,005
UNHEARD OF DESCRIPTION. IN THE

282
00:09:59,005 --> 00:10:00,540
YEARS PRECEDING THE PUBLICATION

283
00:10:00,540 --> 00:10:03,243
OF THIS BOOK ANOREXIA HAD BEEN

284
00:10:03,243 --> 00:10:05,078
OBSCURE DISEASE THAT DOCTORS

285
00:10:05,078 --> 00:10:07,213
RARELY IF EVER ENCOUNTER. WITHIN

286
00:10:07,213 --> 00:10:10,183
JUST A FEW YEARBOOKS PUBLICATION

287
00:10:10,183 --> 00:10:11,351
MAINSTREAM MEDIA WAS REFERRING

288
00:10:11,351 --> 00:10:13,786
TO THE ERA AS QUOTE THE AGE OF

289
00:10:13,786 --> 00:10:17,924
ANOREXIA. WHILE BROOKS BOOK WAS

290
00:10:17,924 --> 00:10:19,592
HAILED AS ONE OF THE MOST

291
00:10:19,592 --> 00:10:21,160
THOUGHTFUL SENSITIVE AND

292
00:10:21,160 --> 00:10:22,528
COMPREHENSIVE DISCUSSIONS OF THE

293
00:10:22,528 --> 00:10:23,997
ILLNESS TITLE OF THE BOOK ALSO

294
00:10:23,997 --> 00:10:26,633
PROVIDED A CENTRAL METAPHOR FOR

295
00:10:26,633 --> 00:10:30,036
ANOREXIA NERVOSA THAT SHAPED

296
00:10:30,036 --> 00:10:31,304
UNDERSTANDING OF THE ILLNESS IN

297
00:10:31,304 --> 00:10:33,573
IMPORTANT WAYS THE ANOREXIC WAS

298
00:10:33,573 --> 00:10:35,908
TRAPPED IN A GOLDEN CAGE

299
00:10:35,908 --> 00:10:37,677
REFLECTING THE PRIVILEGE THAT

300
00:10:37,677 --> 00:10:41,981
HER -- THAT MADE UP HER WORLD. 

301
00:10:41,981 --> 00:10:46,953
REWORKING THIS METAPHOR POP LAHR

302
00:10:46,953 --> 00:10:47,587
PSYCHIATRIST RELEASED THE FIRST

303
00:10:47,587 --> 00:10:50,757
YOUNG ADULT NOVEL ABOUT ANOREXIA

304
00:10:50,757 --> 00:10:52,859
NERVOSA IN 1979, THE BEST LITTLE

305
00:10:52,859 --> 00:10:55,528
GIRL IN THE WORLDED. HIS TITLE

306
00:10:55,528 --> 00:10:56,396
PROJECTED ANOREXIA AS ILLNESS

307
00:10:56,396 --> 00:10:57,764
THAT STRUCK THE BEST LITTLE

308
00:10:57,764 --> 00:10:59,432
GIRLS IN THE WORLD. GIRLS WHO

309
00:10:59,432 --> 00:11:01,668
WERE BOTH ORDINARY, LIKE ALL OF

310
00:11:01,668 --> 00:11:03,670
US, AND EXTRAORDINARY, THE BEST

311
00:11:03,670 --> 00:11:07,340
OF THE BEST. THE BOOKS DUST

312
00:11:07,340 --> 00:11:09,108
JACKET EXPLAINED QUOTE TO ANYONE

313
00:11:09,108 --> 00:11:10,977
TO WHO MEETS HER SHE IS LIKE ANY

314
00:11:10,977 --> 00:11:13,246
OTHER ORDINARY TEENAGE GIRL IF

315
00:11:13,246 --> 00:11:13,946
ANYTHING NEE IS PRETTIER,

316
00:11:13,946 --> 00:11:15,381
SLIMMER AND MORE INTELLIGENT

317
00:11:15,381 --> 00:11:17,216
THAN MOST GIRLS OF HER AGE. BUT

318
00:11:17,216 --> 00:11:19,419
THAT'S NOT HOW FRANCESCA SEES

319
00:11:19,419 --> 00:11:21,154
HERSELF.  WHEN SHE LOOKS IN THE

320
00:11:21,154 --> 00:11:23,690
MIRROR DURING BALLET CLASS SHE

321
00:11:23,690 --> 00:11:27,360
SEES A FLABBY OBESE MONSTER. THE

322
00:11:27,360 --> 00:11:29,395
WIDELY ACCLAIMED TV MOVIE

323
00:11:29,395 --> 00:11:30,296
RELEASED TWO YEARS AFTER THE

324
00:11:30,296 --> 00:11:32,365
BEST SELLING BOOK CHANGED THE

325
00:11:32,365 --> 00:11:34,467
HOBBY OF PROTAGONIST FROM BALLET

326
00:11:34,467 --> 00:11:35,868
TO CHEER LEADING BUT WAS

327
00:11:35,868 --> 00:11:39,339
OTHERWISE QUITE FAITHFUL TO

328
00:11:39,339 --> 00:11:41,407
LEVENKRON'S STORY. THE FILM

329
00:11:41,407 --> 00:11:44,977
POSTER NARRATES I'M CASEY, 17,

330
00:11:44,977 --> 00:11:47,680
GETTING ALL A AND MADE

331
00:11:47,680 --> 00:11:49,682
CHEERLEADER. MY PARENTS I'M THE

332
00:11:49,682 --> 00:11:50,917
BEST GIRL IN THE WORLDED.

333
00:11:50,917 --> 00:11:52,852
SOMEBODY STOP ME FROM STARVING

334
00:11:52,852 --> 00:11:56,022
MYSELF TO DEATH. DELIBERATELY

335
00:11:56,022 --> 00:11:57,390
STOKING PARENTAL FEAR IT IS

336
00:11:57,390 --> 00:11:59,258
MOVIE DESCRIBES A DRAMA OF

337
00:11:59,258 --> 00:12:01,561
ANOREXIA A MOVIE THAT JUST MIGHT

338
00:12:01,561 --> 00:12:06,966
SAVE YOUR CHILD'S LIFE. PUBLIC

339
00:12:06,966 --> 00:12:08,935
INTEREST IN ANOREXIA PEAK WITH

340
00:12:08,935 --> 00:12:12,372
THE 1983 DEATH OF POP STAR KAREN

341
00:12:12,372 --> 00:12:13,673
CARPENTER OF THE POP GROUP THE

342
00:12:13,673 --> 00:12:16,209
CARPENTERS.  THIS WAS THE FIRST

343
00:12:16,209 --> 00:12:18,111
CELEBRITY DEATH ATTRIBUTED TO

344
00:12:18,111 --> 00:12:19,479
ANOREXIA AND IT WAS WIDELY

345
00:12:19,479 --> 00:12:22,615
COVERED IN GLOBAL MEDIA. 

346
00:12:22,615 --> 00:12:24,317
IRONICALLY STEVEN THE AUTHOR OF

347
00:12:24,317 --> 00:12:26,486
BEST LITTLE GIRL IN THE WORLDED

348
00:12:26,486 --> 00:12:28,121
HAS BEEN HER THERAPIST PRIOR TO

349
00:12:28,121 --> 00:12:30,990
HER DEATH. KAREN CARPENTER

350
00:12:30,990 --> 00:12:34,127
EPITOMIZED THE GOLDEN CAGE

351
00:12:34,127 --> 00:12:35,294
NARRATIVE OF ANOREXIA WHILE

352
00:12:35,294 --> 00:12:36,662
CONSTRUCTED AND CONFIRMING THE

353
00:12:36,662 --> 00:12:38,965
DANGER OF THIS DISEASE. ANOREXIA

354
00:12:38,965 --> 00:12:41,667
WAS NOT ONLY FRIGHTENING IN AND

355
00:12:41,667 --> 00:12:44,570
ENIGMATIC, IT WAS DEADLY.  AND I

356
00:12:44,570 --> 00:12:47,073
SHOULD NOTE HERE THAT AS STILL

357
00:12:47,073 --> 00:12:49,876
TRUE TODAY ANOREXIA HAS THE

358
00:12:49,876 --> 00:12:51,644
HIGHEST MORTALITY RATE OF ANY

359
00:12:51,644 --> 00:12:53,312
MENTAL ILLNESS USUALLY CITED

360
00:12:53,312 --> 00:12:56,516
AROUND 5%. THIS WAS CERTAINLY A

361
00:12:56,516 --> 00:12:58,484
DRAMATIC NARRATIVE. AN ILLNESS

362
00:12:58,484 --> 00:12:59,952
THAT STRUCK WHITE PRETTY

363
00:12:59,952 --> 00:13:02,255
SUCCESSFUL TEENAGE GIRLS, AND

364
00:13:02,255 --> 00:13:04,290
THAT KILLED. INDEED THESE

365
00:13:04,290 --> 00:13:06,325
ASPECTS OF ANOREXIA REINFORCED

366
00:13:06,325 --> 00:13:07,994
ONE ANOTHER. PRECISELY BECAUSE

367
00:13:07,994 --> 00:13:09,595
THESE PATIENTS WERE SO HIGHLY

368
00:13:09,595 --> 00:13:12,098
VALUED, EATING DISORDER WARDS

369
00:13:12,098 --> 00:13:13,132
AND RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT

370
00:13:13,132 --> 00:13:14,667
PROGRAMS BEGAN OPENING ACROSS

371
00:13:14,667 --> 00:13:19,672
THE COUNTRY AT REMARKABLE SPEED 

372
00:13:19,672 --> 00:13:22,108
HERE ARE A FEW ADS FROM SUCH

373
00:13:22,108 --> 00:13:23,676
PROGRAMS. THERE WERE HUNDREDS

374
00:13:23,676 --> 00:13:25,611
THAT CIRCULA CIRCULATED IN THE D

375
00:13:25,611 --> 00:13:28,181
'80s THAT RAN IN NATIONAL

376
00:13:28,181 --> 00:13:30,750
NEWSPAPERS. THESE ADS EMPHASIZE

377
00:13:30,750 --> 00:13:32,552
THE PARTICULARITY OF THE PATIENT

378
00:13:32,552 --> 00:13:34,687
PROFILE, AND THE TERRIFYING AND

379
00:13:34,687 --> 00:13:36,155
DEADLY THREAT REPRESENTED BY

380
00:13:36,155 --> 00:13:38,124
ANOREXIA. SO I WILL WALK YOU

381
00:13:38,124 --> 00:13:40,159
THROUGH THESE ADS. ON THE FAR

382
00:13:40,159 --> 00:13:42,495
LEFT, SUSAN WAS DYING TO LOSE

383
00:13:42,495 --> 00:13:44,697
WEIGHT. SHE STARVED HERSELF TO

384
00:13:44,697 --> 00:13:46,499
DEATDEATH. MOST ANOREXIA VICTIMS

385
00:13:46,499 --> 00:13:49,368
DON'T KNOW THEY ARE SICK. MOST

386
00:13:49,368 --> 00:13:50,570
WON'T SEEK HEALTH. IF YOU KNOW

387
00:13:50,570 --> 00:13:52,205
SOMEONE SUFFERING YOU MAYBE ABLE

388
00:13:52,205 --> 00:13:54,340
TO SAVE HER LIFE. IN THE MIDDLE,

389
00:13:54,340 --> 00:13:56,876
SHE'S PRETTY, POPULAR AND SHE IS

390
00:13:56,876 --> 00:13:58,244
STARVING HERSELF TO DEATH. IT IS

391
00:13:58,244 --> 00:13:59,579
ESTIMATED THAT AT LEAST ONE OUT

392
00:13:59,579 --> 00:14:02,748
OF EVERY 20 WOMEN BETWEEN AGE 16

393
00:14:02,748 --> 00:14:05,852
AND 21 NOW SUFFER FROM AN EATING

394
00:14:05,852 --> 00:14:06,786
DISORDER ANOREXIA AND BULIMIA

395
00:14:06,786 --> 00:14:08,588
HAVE NOW REACHED EPIDEMIC

396
00:14:08,588 --> 00:14:10,122
PROPORTIONS IN THIS COUNTRY. AND

397
00:14:10,122 --> 00:14:13,593
THIS AD INCLUDE A SMALL CHART OF

398
00:14:13,593 --> 00:14:16,362
DISORDER SYMPTOMS SO THAT PEOPLE

399
00:14:16,362 --> 00:14:18,564
CAN LEARN THE SPECIFIC SYMPTOMS

400
00:14:18,564 --> 00:14:19,899
OF ANOREXIA AND BULIMIA AND

401
00:14:19,899 --> 00:14:21,234
EVALUATE THEMSELVES OR THEIR

402
00:14:21,234 --> 00:14:23,336
LOVED ONES TO SEE IF THEY MIGHT

403
00:14:23,336 --> 00:14:26,839
BE DIAGNOSEABLE. ON THE FAR

404
00:14:26,839 --> 00:14:30,510
RIGHT, PATRICIA K., HAS A

405
00:14:30,510 --> 00:14:32,311
PERFECT 4.0 GPA, AN ACCOMPLISHED

406
00:14:32,311 --> 00:14:34,013
MUSICIAN, MEMBER OF THE NATIONAL

407
00:14:34,013 --> 00:14:36,415
HONOR SOCIETY, AND PRESIDENT OF

408
00:14:36,415 --> 00:14:38,584
HER SCHOOL DRAMA CLUB. SHE'S

409
00:14:38,584 --> 00:14:39,719
DEVOTED DAUGHTER AS WELL AS

410
00:14:39,719 --> 00:14:40,753
FRIEND IN WHOM ALL OTHERS

411
00:14:40,753 --> 00:14:44,156
CONFIDE. BUT IT IS NOT ENOUGH.

412
00:14:44,156 --> 00:14:46,459
AT 5-FOOT 7 AND 85 POUNDS

413
00:14:46,459 --> 00:14:48,661
PATRICIA K. THINKS SHE'S FAT.

414
00:14:48,661 --> 00:14:50,663
AND NOW HER WORLD IS FALLING

415
00:14:50,663 --> 00:14:54,033
APART. PATRICIA K OVERACHIEVE IS

416
00:14:54,033 --> 00:14:58,604
STARVING HERSELF TO DEATH. THESE

417
00:14:58,604 --> 00:14:59,872
CLINICS AND THE ECONOMY THAT

418
00:14:59,872 --> 00:15:01,307
SURROUND THIRD DEGREE NEW

419
00:15:01,307 --> 00:15:03,709
MEDICAL THREAT WAS NEVER JUST

420
00:15:03,709 --> 00:15:05,845
FOR AN ANOREXIA BUT FOR EATING

421
00:15:05,845 --> 00:15:08,514
DISORDERS. DEFINED AS USUALLY

422
00:15:08,514 --> 00:15:11,517
ANOREXIA NERVOSA BULIMIA AND

423
00:15:11,517 --> 00:15:13,786
BINGE EATING OR COMPULSIVE

424
00:15:13,786 --> 00:15:15,688
OVEREATING.  ALL THESE DISORDERS

425
00:15:15,688 --> 00:15:17,189
WERE ON THE INCREASE, AND ALL OF

426
00:15:17,189 --> 00:15:18,925
THEM WERE TREATED IN THESE

427
00:15:18,925 --> 00:15:21,961
FACILITIES. BUT IT WAS ALMOST

428
00:15:21,961 --> 00:15:22,528
ALWAYS ANOREXIA THAT WAS THE

429
00:15:22,528 --> 00:15:24,063
PRIMARY FOCUS AND ULTIMATELY

430
00:15:24,063 --> 00:15:26,198
BECAME THE SYMBOL OF EATING

431
00:15:26,198 --> 00:15:27,633
DISORDERS AS A CATEGORY OF

432
00:15:27,633 --> 00:15:32,672
MENTAL ILLNE ILLNE ILLNESS. NOWA

433
00:15:32,672 --> 00:15:34,273
DIFFERENT REGISTER AWAY FROM

434
00:15:34,273 --> 00:15:35,675
THIS MAINSTREAM FRAMING OF THE

435
00:15:35,675 --> 00:15:36,842
ILLNESS AND TOWARD THINKING THE

436
00:15:36,842 --> 00:15:39,045
WAYS IN WHICH MEDICAL

437
00:15:39,045 --> 00:15:40,046
PROFESSIONALS DOCTORS

438
00:15:40,046 --> 00:15:42,748
PSYCHOLOGISTS AND NURSES WERE

439
00:15:42,748 --> 00:15:44,383
SIGH MULL MULL TRAINIOUSLY BEGIN

440
00:15:44,383 --> 00:15:46,485
TAUGHT ABOUT ANOREXIA AS WELL. 

441
00:15:46,485 --> 00:15:48,254
-- SIMULTANEOUSLY BEING TAUGHT

442
00:15:48,254 --> 00:15:49,288
ABOUT ANOREXIA AS WELL. THIS

443
00:15:49,288 --> 00:15:50,456
PART OF MY PRESENTATION IS

444
00:15:50,456 --> 00:15:52,258
RELIANT UPON COLLECTIONS OF NLM,

445
00:15:52,258 --> 00:15:54,827
WHICH NOT ONLY HOLDS MEDICAL

446
00:15:54,827 --> 00:15:55,595
PUBLICATIONS BUT MATERIAL

447
00:15:55,595 --> 00:15:58,464
RELATED TO MEDICAL EDUCATION,

448
00:15:58,464 --> 00:16:01,634
MATERIAL DOCUMENTING HOW DOCTORS

449
00:16:01,634 --> 00:16:02,902
AND NURSES LEARNED ABOUT

450
00:16:02,902 --> 00:16:03,903
SPECIFIC DISEASES. THIS OF

451
00:16:03,903 --> 00:16:05,171
COURSE IS ESPECIALLY INTERESTED

452
00:16:05,171 --> 00:16:06,906
IN THE CASE OF NEW OR EXOTIC

453
00:16:06,906 --> 00:16:10,042
ILLNESSES. THE ABILITY TO

454
00:16:10,042 --> 00:16:12,044
DIAGNOSE AND TREAT A SICKNESS

455
00:16:12,044 --> 00:16:14,146
DEPENDS ENTIRELY UPON HOW A

456
00:16:14,146 --> 00:16:16,182
PRACTITIONER HAS LEARNED THAT

457
00:16:16,182 --> 00:16:17,984
THE DISEASE PRESENTS ITSELF. HOW

458
00:16:17,984 --> 00:16:20,052
HE OR SHE LEARNS WHAT TO EXPECT

459
00:16:20,052 --> 00:16:22,888
AND HOW TO REACT TO PARTICULAR

460
00:16:22,888 --> 00:16:25,424
SYMPTOMS IN PARTICULAR BODIES.

461
00:16:25,424 --> 00:16:26,592
TODAY I WANT TO BRIEFLY SUGGEST

462
00:16:26,592 --> 00:16:28,194
A FEW WAYS OF THINKING ABOUT

463
00:16:28,194 --> 00:16:29,996
THIS ASPECT OF THE POST WAR

464
00:16:29,996 --> 00:16:31,597
HISTORY OF EATING DISORDER TO

465
00:16:31,597 --> 00:16:32,965
GIVE YOU A SENSE OF THE KINDS OF

466
00:16:32,965 --> 00:16:34,567
SOURCES I'M WORKING WITH AND THE

467
00:16:34,567 --> 00:16:35,935
KINDS OF QUESTIONS THAT I'M

468
00:16:35,935 --> 00:16:39,505
ASKING OF MY SOURCES.  SO I WANT

469
00:16:39,505 --> 00:16:40,773
TO START QUICKLY WITH SOME

470
00:16:40,773 --> 00:16:42,675
MATERIAL FROM MEDICAL SCHOOL,

471
00:16:42,675 --> 00:16:44,844
THIS IS A UNIVERSITY BOOKLET

472
00:16:44,844 --> 00:16:45,945
CLARIFYING GRADUATION

473
00:16:45,945 --> 00:16:48,180
REQUIREMENTS FOR DEGREE IN

474
00:16:48,180 --> 00:16:50,016
PSYCHIATRY. THE PAGE SHOWN HERE

475
00:16:50,016 --> 00:16:52,652
LISTING CATEGORIES OF MENTAL

476
00:16:52,652 --> 00:16:53,919
ILLNESS, THIS IS A CHECKLIST

477
00:16:53,919 --> 00:16:55,955
LISTING ALL THE CATEGORIES OF

478
00:16:55,955 --> 00:16:57,757
MENTAL ILLNESS THAT ALL STUDENTS

479
00:16:57,757 --> 00:16:59,091
MUST PERSONALLY DIAGNOSE IN

480
00:16:59,091 --> 00:17:00,493
ORDER TO COMPLETE THEIR TRAINING

481
00:17:00,493 --> 00:17:03,529
AND RECEIVE A PSYCHIATRY DEGREE.

482
00:17:03,529 --> 00:17:06,465
IT DOCUMENTS THE INTEGRATION OF

483
00:17:06,465 --> 00:17:08,734
ANOREXIA INTO THESE CATEGORIES

484
00:17:08,734 --> 00:17:10,403
OF STANDARD OR KEY MENTAL

485
00:17:10,403 --> 00:17:11,771
ILLNESS. THOSE ARE GENERALLY

486
00:17:11,771 --> 00:17:13,372
ASSUMED TO BE THE ONES STUDENTS

487
00:17:13,372 --> 00:17:15,941
ARE MOST LIKELY TO ENCOUNTER. SO

488
00:17:15,941 --> 00:17:17,977
THESE ARE ILLNESSES LIKE

489
00:17:17,977 --> 00:17:21,814
AFFLICTIONS LIKE ANXIETY,

490
00:17:21,814 --> 00:17:23,649
HYSTERIA, ALCOHOLISM, SEXUAL

491
00:17:23,649 --> 00:17:26,252
PROBLEMS AND ANOREXIA NERVOSA. A

492
00:17:26,252 --> 00:17:28,287
FEW YEARS EARLIER ANOREXIA WOULD

493
00:17:28,287 --> 00:17:30,289
NOT HAVE BEEN ON THIS STANDARD

494
00:17:30,289 --> 00:17:31,557
LIST OF MANDATORY KNOWLEDGE FOR

495
00:17:31,557 --> 00:17:36,629
TRAINING IN PSYCHIATRY. NOT JUST

496
00:17:36,629 --> 00:17:39,331
STUDENTS BUT PRACTICING DOCTORS

497
00:17:39,331 --> 00:17:42,435
ALSO REGULARLY UNDERGO MEDICAL

498
00:17:42,435 --> 00:17:43,736
EDUCATION. THE MEDICAL

499
00:17:43,736 --> 00:17:44,670
ESTABLISHMENT PRODUCES A WIDE

500
00:17:44,670 --> 00:17:46,205
ARRAY OF CONTINUING EDUCATION

501
00:17:46,205 --> 00:17:47,473
OPPORTUNITIES TO KEEP

502
00:17:47,473 --> 00:17:49,308
PRACTITIONERS ABREAST OF MEDICAL

503
00:17:49,308 --> 00:17:51,977
KNOWLEDGE. THE NLM HOLD AS GREAT

504
00:17:51,977 --> 00:17:53,979
DEAL OF THIS MATERIAL INCLUDING

505
00:17:53,979 --> 00:17:55,448
PRE-RECORDED LECTURE, SLIDES AND

506
00:17:55,448 --> 00:17:57,483
FILMS WHICH WERE SHIPPED ACROSS

507
00:17:57,483 --> 00:17:58,984
THE COUNTRY AND OFF TO OTHER

508
00:17:58,984 --> 00:18:00,820
COUNTRIES AS WELL TO INDIVIDUALS

509
00:18:00,820 --> 00:18:02,088
AND INSTITUTIONS SEEKING NEW

510
00:18:02,088 --> 00:18:04,523
INFORMATION. ONE OF THE MAIN

511
00:18:04,523 --> 00:18:06,292
GOALS OF THIS TRAINING IS TO

512
00:18:06,292 --> 00:18:08,527
GIVE DOCTORS WAY OF

513
00:18:08,527 --> 00:18:09,762
CONCEPTUALIZING AND CATEGORIZING

514
00:18:09,762 --> 00:18:12,798
NEW ILLNESSES. THIS IS A SLIDE

515
00:18:12,798 --> 00:18:14,433
FROM ONE SUCH CONTINUING

516
00:18:14,433 --> 00:18:16,235
EDUCATION LECTURE COURSE ON

517
00:18:16,235 --> 00:18:18,838
ANOREXIA NERVOSA. THIS SLIDE

518
00:18:18,838 --> 00:18:21,674
OFFERS DOCTORS A DIAGRAM,

519
00:18:21,674 --> 00:18:22,975
PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF THE

520
00:18:22,975 --> 00:18:26,545
DISEASE ITSELF. AS YOU CAN SEE

521
00:18:26,545 --> 00:18:27,980
THE LECTURER, A WELL KNOWN

522
00:18:27,980 --> 00:18:30,683
BRITISH PSYCHIATRIST, DR. ROSS

523
00:18:30,683 --> 00:18:33,352
MITCHELL, SUGGESTS THAT DOCTORS

524
00:18:33,352 --> 00:18:34,520
CONCEPTUALIZE ANOREXIA AS A

525
00:18:34,520 --> 00:18:36,989
CYCLE. IN WHICH STARVATION IS

526
00:18:36,989 --> 00:18:38,190
BOTH CAUSE AND AFFECT OF

527
00:18:38,190 --> 00:18:40,626
ANOREXIA. AND JUST TO WALK YOU

528
00:18:40,626 --> 00:18:43,095
THROUGH THE SLIDE. AT THE TOP OF

529
00:18:43,095 --> 00:18:44,930
THE CIRCLE IS STARVATION, WHICH

530
00:18:44,930 --> 00:18:47,066
LEADS TO PHYSICAL REGRESSION,

531
00:18:47,066 --> 00:18:49,435
WHICH LEADS TO SENSE OF CONTROL,

532
00:18:49,435 --> 00:18:51,570
WHICH LEADS TO AUTONOMY AND

533
00:18:51,570 --> 00:18:53,038
SECURITY, WHICH LEADS TO

534
00:18:53,038 --> 00:18:55,207
RESISTANCE TO CHANGE, WHICH THEN

535
00:18:55,207 --> 00:18:56,942
IN TURN LEADS BACK TO FURTHER

536
00:18:56,942 --> 00:19:01,714
STARVATION. THE DRIVE ON THE

537
00:19:01,714 --> 00:19:03,182
PART OF MEDICAL EDUCATION TO

538
00:19:03,182 --> 00:19:05,651
ENABLE DOCTORS TO VISUALIZE

539
00:19:05,651 --> 00:19:07,119
DISEASE IS ESPECIALLY COMPLEX

540
00:19:07,119 --> 00:19:09,922
MANY THE CASE OF MENTAL ILLNESS

541
00:19:09,922 --> 00:19:11,524
AND PARTICULARLY FRAUGHT I ARGUE

542
00:19:11,524 --> 00:19:13,425
IN THE CASE OF EATING DISORDERS

543
00:19:13,425 --> 00:19:15,928
WHICH TEND TO BE OVERLY FIXATED

544
00:19:15,928 --> 00:19:17,229
ON THE APPEARANCE OF THE BODY.

545
00:19:17,229 --> 00:19:19,565
SO I'M PARTICULARLY INTERESTED

546
00:19:19,565 --> 00:19:22,468
IN THE WAYS IN WHICH DISCOURSES

547
00:19:22,468 --> 00:19:24,303
OF VISUALITY SHAPED THE EATING

548
00:19:24,303 --> 00:19:26,605
DISORDER EPIDEMIC AT THIS TIME. 

549
00:19:26,605 --> 00:19:28,073
AS WELL AS PROVIDING

550
00:19:28,073 --> 00:19:29,575
PRACTITIONERS WITH WAYS OF

551
00:19:29,575 --> 00:19:32,178
CATEGORIZING AND CONCEPTUALIZING

552
00:19:32,178 --> 00:19:34,513
ANOREXIA, MEDICAL EDUCATION ALSO

553
00:19:34,513 --> 00:19:36,448
TOLD DOCTORS WHAT TO EXPECT WHEN

554
00:19:36,448 --> 00:19:38,484
DEALING WITH THIS NEW ENANYTHING

555
00:19:38,484 --> 00:19:43,589
MATTIC AFFLICTION. ENIGMATIC

556
00:19:43,589 --> 00:19:46,025
AFFLICTION. LIKE THE FILMS AND

557
00:19:46,025 --> 00:19:47,326
ADVERTISEMENTS, MEDICAL

558
00:19:47,326 --> 00:19:48,894
EDUCATION MATERIAL RELIES ON

559
00:19:48,894 --> 00:19:52,998
STANDARDIZED DESCRIPTIONS OF TIP

560
00:19:52,998 --> 00:19:54,433
ANOREXIA PATIENT. BY THOSE

561
00:19:54,433 --> 00:19:57,002
EXPLICITLY AND IMPLICITLY TEACH

562
00:19:57,002 --> 00:19:58,437
DONGS TOKER WHAT KINDS OF PEOPLE

563
00:19:58,437 --> 00:20:00,739
ARE LIKELY TO DEVELOP A DISEASE,

564
00:20:00,739 --> 00:20:03,409
MEDICAL EDUCATION INFLUENCES

565
00:20:03,409 --> 00:20:04,710
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT. ONE

566
00:20:04,710 --> 00:20:06,946
EXAMPLE HOW DOCTORS WERE TAUGHT

567
00:20:06,946 --> 00:20:08,547
TO SEE ANOREXIA, I WANT TO SHOW

568
00:20:08,547 --> 00:20:09,915
A FEW SLIDES FROM A DIFFERENT

569
00:20:09,915 --> 00:20:14,053
SERIES OF LECTURES ON ANOREXIA

570
00:20:14,053 --> 00:20:17,223
NERVOSA. ONE LECTURER OPENS WITH

571
00:20:17,223 --> 00:20:19,124
THIS SLIDE. THE NARRATING

572
00:20:19,124 --> 00:20:21,260
PSYCHIATRIST BEGINS HIS LECTURE

573
00:20:21,260 --> 00:20:24,730
BY DESCRIBING QUOTE A YOUNG GIRL

574
00:20:24,730 --> 00:20:27,266
WHOM WE WILL CALL ALICE. ALICE

575
00:20:27,266 --> 00:20:29,869
CAME TO US ON EASTER SUNDAY. 

576
00:20:29,869 --> 00:20:32,104
SHE WAILINGED 40 POUNDS AND WAS

577
00:20:32,104 --> 00:20:34,340
SEVERELY MAL NOURISHED, BARELY

578
00:20:34,340 --> 00:20:37,009
WALK AND WAS SO WEAK SHE COULD

579
00:20:37,009 --> 00:20:39,011
NOT SWALLOW. AFTER 45 MINUTE

580
00:20:39,011 --> 00:20:42,014
DISCUSSION OF SYMPTOMS AND SOME

581
00:20:42,014 --> 00:20:43,782
THEORIES OF ETIOLOGY THE LECTURE

582
00:20:43,782 --> 00:20:47,319
ENDS WITH SLIDE 15. THIS IMAGE

583
00:20:47,319 --> 00:20:49,855
OF BLONDE AND BLUE EYED ALICE

584
00:20:49,855 --> 00:20:51,991
BEAUTIFULLY DRESSED IN ELABORATE

585
00:20:51,991 --> 00:20:53,359
BLUE GOWN SITTING UP AND LOOKING

586
00:20:53,359 --> 00:20:54,560
STRAIGHT INTO THE AUDIENCE'S

587
00:20:54,560 --> 00:20:56,896
EYES WITH A SMALL SMILE ON HER

588
00:20:56,896 --> 00:20:59,164
FACE, IS DISPLAYED WITH THE

589
00:20:59,164 --> 00:21:00,900
TRIUMPHANT NARRATION, YOU SEE,

590
00:21:00,900 --> 00:21:03,903
IT IS ALL WORTH IT. HERE SHE

591
00:21:03,903 --> 00:21:05,938
WEIGHS 80 POUNDS, HAPPY CHEERFUL

592
00:21:05,938 --> 00:21:08,107
AND DOOING WELL. -- DOING WELL.

593
00:21:08,107 --> 00:21:09,808
THIS STORY OF MEDICAL

594
00:21:09,808 --> 00:21:11,176
RESURRECTION THE PATIENT ENTERED

595
00:21:11,176 --> 00:21:13,379
THE HOSPITAL ON EASTER SUNDAY,

596
00:21:13,379 --> 00:21:14,947
ALIGNING THE SUFFERING OF ALICE

597
00:21:14,947 --> 00:21:18,050
WITH THE SUFFERING OF JESUS

598
00:21:18,050 --> 00:21:18,684
CHIAS UNDERSCORES THE INNOCENCE

599
00:21:18,684 --> 00:21:20,386
AND ETHICAL VALUE OF THE

600
00:21:20,386 --> 00:21:22,354
ANOREXIC. THESE IMAGES ALSO OF

601
00:21:22,354 --> 00:21:24,757
COURSE DEPICT THE ANOREXIC AS

602
00:21:24,757 --> 00:21:27,559
WHITE FEMALE CHRISTIAN AND

603
00:21:27,559 --> 00:21:31,230
MIDDLE CLASS. THE MEDICAL

604
00:21:31,230 --> 00:21:32,598
CONSTRUCTION OF THE AVERAGE OR

605
00:21:32,598 --> 00:21:34,199
TYPICAL ANOREXIC PATIENT ON THE

606
00:21:34,199 --> 00:21:36,235
ONE HAND INSISTED THAT SHE WAS

607
00:21:36,235 --> 00:21:37,836
WHITE, WELL EDUCATE AND

608
00:21:37,836 --> 00:21:40,406
PROSPEROUS. PRACTITIONERS WERE

609
00:21:40,406 --> 00:21:41,674
ALWAYS HOWEVER WARNED OF THE

610
00:21:41,674 --> 00:21:43,776
UNIQUE AND PROFOUND DIFFICULTIES

611
00:21:43,776 --> 00:21:45,711
THAT ACCOMPANY TREATING THIS

612
00:21:45,711 --> 00:21:48,847
PARTICULAR ILLNESS. DESPITE OR

613
00:21:48,847 --> 00:21:50,416
PERHAPS BECAUSE OF THE FACT THAT

614
00:21:50,416 --> 00:21:53,585
THESE PATIENTS WERE SO PERFECT

615
00:21:53,585 --> 00:21:55,821
ANOREXIA WAS DESCRIBED AS THE

616
00:21:55,821 --> 00:21:57,423
MOST DIFFICULT UNPLEASANT AND

617
00:21:57,423 --> 00:21:58,324
FRUSTRATING MENTAL ILLNESS TO

618
00:21:58,324 --> 00:22:01,160
TREAT. THE ANOREXIC IF I RECALL

619
00:22:01,160 --> 00:22:03,295
WAS PRESENTED AS A COMPLEX

620
00:22:03,295 --> 00:22:04,930
DUALITY, SIMULTANEOUSLY THE BEST

621
00:22:04,930 --> 00:22:06,999
LITTLE GIRL IN THE WORLDED AND A

622
00:22:06,999 --> 00:22:10,169
DECEPTIVE VIOLENT UNRESPONSIVE

623
00:22:10,169 --> 00:22:11,837
MANIPULATIVE OFTEN DISGUSTING

624
00:22:11,837 --> 00:22:16,275
AND HOSTILE PATIENT.  DR.

625
00:22:16,275 --> 00:22:18,010
MITCHELL'S LECTURE TAUGHT

626
00:22:18,010 --> 00:22:19,611
MEDICAL PERSONNEL TO ANTICIPATE

627
00:22:19,611 --> 00:22:21,947
WHAT HE TERMED QUOTE, THE

628
00:22:21,947 --> 00:22:24,850
ANOREXIC BATTLE. A CONSTANT

629
00:22:24,850 --> 00:22:26,452
EXCHANGING BETWEEN DOCTOR, NURSE

630
00:22:26,452 --> 00:22:28,120
AND PATIENT THAT ALWAYS FOLLOWS

631
00:22:28,120 --> 00:22:30,022
THE SAME PATTERN. AND I'M JUST

632
00:22:30,022 --> 00:22:31,957
GOING TO NARRATE WHAT THE SLIDE

633
00:22:31,957 --> 00:22:34,827
TEACHES. SO THIS IS A DIALOGUE

634
00:22:34,827 --> 00:22:36,895
BETWEEN DOCTOR AND PATIENT. I

635
00:22:36,895 --> 00:22:38,764
DON'T WANT TO PUT ON WEIGHT. YOU

636
00:22:38,764 --> 00:22:41,300
ARE NOT AT ALL OVERWEIGHT. I

637
00:22:41,300 --> 00:22:42,801
WANT TO LOSE WEIGHT. YOU ARE

638
00:22:42,801 --> 00:22:45,371
LOSING TOO MUCH AND YOU ARE ILL.

639
00:22:45,371 --> 00:22:47,439
I DON'T WANT TO EAT. YOU MUSTS

640
00:22:47,439 --> 00:22:49,908
EAT NOW. I WON'T LET YOU FORCE

641
00:22:49,908 --> 00:22:53,679
ME. HOW CAN WE MAKE HER EAT? IN

642
00:22:53,679 --> 00:22:55,547
PARTICULAR THIS LAST EXCHANGING

643
00:22:55,547 --> 00:22:57,182
HIGHLIGHTS THE PROFOUND POWER

644
00:22:57,182 --> 00:22:58,617
STRUGGLE THAT WAS BEING TAUGHT

645
00:22:58,617 --> 00:23:00,753
AS CENTRAL TO THE ANOREXIC

646
00:23:00,753 --> 00:23:02,855
BATTLE. OF COURSE THE PROFOUND

647
00:23:02,855 --> 00:23:06,358
POWER IMBALANCE. IN ADDITION TO

648
00:23:06,358 --> 00:23:09,161
FORMAL TRAINING LECTURES,

649
00:23:09,161 --> 00:23:10,629
MAGAZINES FROM MEDICAL WORKERS

650
00:23:10,629 --> 00:23:11,897
WERE IMPORTANT WAYS TO INTRODUCE

651
00:23:11,897 --> 00:23:13,399
NEW OR CUTTING EDGE DEVELOPMENTS

652
00:23:13,399 --> 00:23:16,869
IN THE FIELD.  IN 1978 ARTICLE

653
00:23:16,869 --> 00:23:19,038
FROM THE PROFESSIONAL MAGAZINE

654
00:23:19,038 --> 00:23:21,073
MD WHICH OBVIOUSLY IS TARGETING

655
00:23:21,073 --> 00:23:23,108
DOCTORS, EXPLAINED THAT QUOTE,

656
00:23:23,108 --> 00:23:25,110
INDIVIDUALS WITH ANOREXIA

657
00:23:25,110 --> 00:23:27,446
NERVOSA ARE AMONG THE MOST

658
00:23:27,446 --> 00:23:29,114
FRUSTRATING PATIENTS PHYSICIANS

659
00:23:29,114 --> 00:23:30,816
WILL EVER HAVE TO DEAL.

660
00:23:30,816 --> 00:23:33,152
EXCEEDINGLY DIFFICULT FOR

661
00:23:33,152 --> 00:23:33,786
PHYSICIANS TO GAIN COOPERATION

662
00:23:33,786 --> 00:23:35,421
FROM ANOREXIC PATIENTS SINCE

663
00:23:35,421 --> 00:23:37,022
THEY TEND TO DENY THE PRESENCE

664
00:23:37,022 --> 00:23:39,725
OF ANY ILLNESS AND REJECT THE

665
00:23:39,725 --> 00:23:44,530
PHYSICIAN'S HELPING EFFORTS. NOW

666
00:23:44,530 --> 00:23:47,166
I WANT TO MOVE AWAY FROM THE

667
00:23:47,166 --> 00:23:49,101
FORMAL MEDICAL ESTABLISHMENT AND

668
00:23:49,101 --> 00:23:51,036
TALK ABOUT ANOTHER MAJOR PLAYER

669
00:23:51,036 --> 00:23:53,605
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF

670
00:23:53,605 --> 00:23:55,107
UNARCHIVED ANOREXIA. SECOND WAVE

671
00:23:55,107 --> 00:23:57,443
FEMINIST. THE FACT A NEW DEADLY

672
00:23:57,443 --> 00:23:59,344
WOMAN'S DISEASE WAS EMERGING AT

673
00:23:59,344 --> 00:24:00,946
A MOMENT WHEN WOMEN'S RIGHTS AND

674
00:24:00,946 --> 00:24:03,282
LIVES WERE UNDERGOING RADICAL

675
00:24:03,282 --> 00:24:04,116
CHANGE STRUCK EVERYONE AS

676
00:24:04,116 --> 00:24:05,884
SIGNIFICANT. IT SEEMED OBVIOUS

677
00:24:05,884 --> 00:24:08,554
TO BOTH MEDICAL EXPERTS AND LAY

678
00:24:08,554 --> 00:24:10,456
PEOPLE THAT ANOREXIA MUST IN

679
00:24:10,456 --> 00:24:12,691
SOME WAY BE CONNECTED TO SECOND

680
00:24:12,691 --> 00:24:15,227
WAVE FEMINISM. DR. HILDA BROOK

681
00:24:15,227 --> 00:24:18,163
THE AUTHOR OF THE GOLDEN CAGE,

682
00:24:18,163 --> 00:24:19,498
HAD POSIT AD RELATIONSHIP

683
00:24:19,498 --> 00:24:22,267
BETWEEN ANOREXIA AND POST WAR

684
00:24:22,267 --> 00:24:24,136
FEMINISM WITH A WIDELY CITED

685
00:24:24,136 --> 00:24:25,904
HYPOTHESIS THAT FEMINISM BY

686
00:24:25,904 --> 00:24:27,673
INCREASING THE AMBITIONS OF

687
00:24:27,673 --> 00:24:29,575
YOUNG WOMEN TO IMPOSSIBLE LEVEL,

688
00:24:29,575 --> 00:24:31,276
WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE GROWTH

689
00:24:31,276 --> 00:24:33,579
OF ANOREXIA. IN AN INTERVIEW

690
00:24:33,579 --> 00:24:35,914
WITH THE NIMH, BROOK CLAIMED

691
00:24:35,914 --> 00:24:38,283
THAT QUOTE, WOMEN EASILY HAD LET

692
00:24:38,283 --> 00:24:41,086
TO AN EMPHASIS ON ACHIEVEMENT OF

693
00:24:41,086 --> 00:24:42,387
WOMEN WHICH PRESENTS AN

694
00:24:42,387 --> 00:24:46,525
UNBEARABLE CHALLENGE TO THESE

695
00:24:46,525 --> 00:24:48,794
UNOVERCONFORMING YOUNGSTERS.  

696
00:24:48,794 --> 00:24:51,396
SECOND WAVE FEMINISTS THEMSELVES

697
00:24:51,396 --> 00:24:52,931
FRAMED ANOREXIA AS A POTENT

698
00:24:52,931 --> 00:24:54,967
SYMBOL OF THE STATE OF MODERN

699
00:24:54,967 --> 00:24:56,401
WOMAN HOOD AND FEMALE

700
00:24:56,401 --> 00:24:58,270
OPPRESSION. FOCUSING ON GENDER

701
00:24:58,270 --> 00:25:00,772
FORMS OF OPPRESSION CAUSED BY

702
00:25:00,772 --> 00:25:01,907
POST WAR CONSUMER CAPITALISM

703
00:25:01,907 --> 00:25:04,243
PARTICULARLY THE PRESSURES OF

704
00:25:04,243 --> 00:25:05,711
UNATTAINABLE BEAUTY NORMS AND

705
00:25:05,711 --> 00:25:06,979
SOCIETAL AMBIVALENCE AROUND

706
00:25:06,979 --> 00:25:10,649
FEMALE CONSUMPTION.  TITLES LIKE

707
00:25:10,649 --> 00:25:12,151
PHILOSOPHER SUSAN'S PATH

708
00:25:12,151 --> 00:25:16,321
BREAKING ESSAY, ANOREXIA NERVOSA

709
00:25:16,321 --> 00:25:17,189
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AS

710
00:25:17,189 --> 00:25:18,690
CRYSTALLIZATION OF CULTURE, OR

711
00:25:18,690 --> 00:25:23,328
SHOWN HERE ON YOUR SCREEN,

712
00:25:23,328 --> 00:25:25,497
PSYCHOANALYST SUSIE BEST SELLING

713
00:25:25,497 --> 00:25:29,001
HUNGER STRIKE THE ANOREXIC'S

714
00:25:29,001 --> 00:25:32,271
STRUGGLE METS FOR FOR OUR AGE,

715
00:25:32,271 --> 00:25:33,438
RELIED UPON ANOREXIA FOR

716
00:25:33,438 --> 00:25:34,373
UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP

717
00:25:34,373 --> 00:25:37,743
BETWEEN WOMEN AN POST WAR

718
00:25:37,743 --> 00:25:39,511
MODERNITY. ULTIMATELY THESE

719
00:25:39,511 --> 00:25:40,913
CONTRADICTORY NARRATIVES THAT

720
00:25:40,913 --> 00:25:42,314
FEMINISM BY INCREASING PRESSURE

721
00:25:42,314 --> 00:25:44,483
AND ENCOURAGING AMBITION WAS A

722
00:25:44,483 --> 00:25:46,952
CAUSE OF EATING DISORDERS AND

723
00:25:46,952 --> 00:25:49,087
THE FEMINIST REPRESENTED A

724
00:25:49,087 --> 00:25:50,489
COUNTER WEIGHT EVEN A POSSIBLE

725
00:25:50,489 --> 00:25:52,958
SOLUTION TO THE SOCIAL CRISIS

726
00:25:52,958 --> 00:25:54,560
REPRESENTED BY ANOREXIA OR BOTH

727
00:25:54,560 --> 00:25:57,663
ACCEPTED INTO MEDICAL AND

728
00:25:57,663 --> 00:25:59,231
POPULAR UNDERSTANDINGS OF THE

729
00:25:59,231 --> 00:26:02,434
ILLNESS AND OFTEN SIMULTANEOUSLY

730
00:26:02,434 --> 00:26:04,770
IN THE SAME LITERATURE. FEMINIST

731
00:26:04,770 --> 00:26:07,039
WRITING DIDN'T JUST PROVIDE

732
00:26:07,039 --> 00:26:08,273
THEORETICAL PARADIGMS FOR

733
00:26:08,273 --> 00:26:11,510
EXPLAINING ANOREXIA AND OTHER

734
00:26:11,510 --> 00:26:12,611
DISORDERS. THE VAST

735
00:26:12,611 --> 00:26:14,646
INFRASTRUCTURE OF EATING

736
00:26:14,646 --> 00:26:15,881
DISORDER SUPPORT GROUPS THAT

737
00:26:15,881 --> 00:26:17,849
BEGAN EMERGING DURING THE LATE

738
00:26:17,849 --> 00:26:20,118
1970s WERE DIRECTLY RELATED TO

739
00:26:20,118 --> 00:26:21,486
GRASSROOTS WOMEN'S HEALTH AND

740
00:26:21,486 --> 00:26:23,222
EDUCATION MOVEMENTS OF SECOND

741
00:26:23,222 --> 00:26:26,825
WAVE FEMINISM. WOMAN LED SUPPORT

742
00:26:26,825 --> 00:26:28,160
GROUPS WERE IMPORTANT FOR EATING

743
00:26:28,160 --> 00:26:29,228
DISORDERS BECAUSE OF THE SUDDEN

744
00:26:29,228 --> 00:26:31,463
AND EXTREME GROWTH IN BOTH

745
00:26:31,463 --> 00:26:34,099
DIAGNOSES AND AWARENESS CREATING

746
00:26:34,099 --> 00:26:36,335
LARGE NUMBERS OF PATIENTS FAMILY

747
00:26:36,335 --> 00:26:37,669
AND FRIENDS WITHOUT ANY

748
00:26:37,669 --> 00:26:39,671
INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SUPPORT. 

749
00:26:39,671 --> 00:26:41,640
EARLY ON THESE GROUPS WERE

750
00:26:41,640 --> 00:26:44,009
INFORMAL AND POORLY FUNDED. THIS

751
00:26:44,009 --> 00:26:45,811
IN THE MIDDLE OF THE SCREEN IS

752
00:26:45,811 --> 00:26:47,713
EARLY STAPLED NEWS LETTER FROM A

753
00:26:47,713 --> 00:26:48,914
REGIONAL SUPPORT GROUP WHICH

754
00:26:48,914 --> 00:26:50,949
INCLUDED CAREFULLY CURE ATED

755
00:26:50,949 --> 00:26:52,818
TYPED LISTS OF DOCTORS ACROSS

756
00:26:52,818 --> 00:26:54,386
THE COUNTRY. SO AT THIS POINT

757
00:26:54,386 --> 00:26:56,822
THERE WERE SO FEW SPECIALISTS IN

758
00:26:56,822 --> 00:26:59,491
EATING DISORDERS THEY WERE ONE

759
00:26:59,491 --> 00:27:02,494
BY ONE GATHERED AND TYPED UP ON

760
00:27:02,494 --> 00:27:04,263
CIRCULATING LISTS SO IF SOMEBODY

761
00:27:04,263 --> 00:27:05,597
NEEDED -- WITH PHONE NUMBERS SO

762
00:27:05,597 --> 00:27:07,466
YOU CAN IS HAVE AN EXPERT TO

763
00:27:07,466 --> 00:27:11,737
CALL IN CALIFORNIA OR ARIZONA

764
00:27:11,737 --> 00:27:13,972
OREGON, PENNSYLVANIA, ET CETERA 

765
00:27:13,972 --> 00:27:15,907
BY THE MID 1980s HOWEVER MANY

766
00:27:15,907 --> 00:27:17,809
OF THESE GROUPS HAD BECOME

767
00:27:17,809 --> 00:27:19,845
NATIONAL IN SCOPE, SOME BOASTING

768
00:27:19,845 --> 00:27:21,613
DOZENS OF LOCAL BRANCHES.  ONE

769
00:27:21,613 --> 00:27:23,515
OF THE MOSTEN INFLUENTIAL WAS

770
00:27:23,515 --> 00:27:28,153
THE ANOREXIA AID SOCIETY.  THEY

771
00:27:28,153 --> 00:27:31,556
EXPLAINED THEIR PURPOSE IN THEIR

772
00:27:31,556 --> 00:27:32,791
OWN PROGRAM LETS.  YOU ARE NOT A

773
00:27:32,791 --> 00:27:33,825
RESEARCH CENTER OR HOSPITAL

774
00:27:33,825 --> 00:27:36,128
CLINIC, WHAT ARE YOU?

775
00:27:36,128 --> 00:27:37,629
UNTIL THE LEVERAGE RESEARCH IS

776
00:27:37,629 --> 00:27:39,765
TALLIED, ANAS AND SIMILAR

777
00:27:39,765 --> 00:27:40,799
SELF-HELP ORGANIZATIONS ACROSS

778
00:27:40,799 --> 00:27:43,001
THE COUNTRY WILL SPEND TIME ON

779
00:27:43,001 --> 00:27:44,469
THE CONNECTIONS GETTING TOGETHER

780
00:27:44,469 --> 00:27:46,138
THOSE WHO ARE SEEKING SUPPORT

781
00:27:46,138 --> 00:27:47,506
WITH THOSE WHO ARE ABLE TO GIVE

782
00:27:47,506 --> 00:27:50,809
IT. THESE GROUP -- THESE SUCH

783
00:27:50,809 --> 00:27:53,378
GROUPS TOOK ON A WIDE ARRAY OF

784
00:27:53,378 --> 00:27:55,380
TASKS.S.  MOST AUTHORED REFERRAS

785
00:27:55,380 --> 00:27:57,049
TO CLINICS AND PHYSICIANS,

786
00:27:57,049 --> 00:27:59,384
SUPPORT GROUPS FOR ANOREXIA AND

787
00:27:59,384 --> 00:28:00,652
BULIMIA AND THEIR FAMILIES AN

788
00:28:00,652 --> 00:28:01,753
REFERENCE LISTS OF BOOKS AND

789
00:28:01,753 --> 00:28:04,089
ARTICLES.  SOME EXPERIMENTED ARE

790
00:28:04,089 --> 00:28:06,091
IDEAS RANGING FROM INTERACTIVE

791
00:28:06,091 --> 00:28:07,225
PREVENTION PROGRAM WITH LIFE

792
00:28:07,225 --> 00:28:10,429
SIZE PUPPETS TO LECTURES ON

793
00:28:10,429 --> 00:28:11,897
INAPPROPRIATE ADVERTISING.

794
00:28:11,897 --> 00:28:13,932
INITIATING SPEAK OUTS OR LETTER

795
00:28:13,932 --> 00:28:17,769
WRITING CAMPAIGNS. SUCH FORMS OF

796
00:28:17,769 --> 00:28:19,871
CONSCIOUSNESS RAISING IN WOMEN'S

797
00:28:19,871 --> 00:28:21,907
SELF-HELP WERE INDEBTED TO

798
00:28:21,907 --> 00:28:24,710
SECOND WAVE FEMINIST TECHNIQUES

799
00:28:24,710 --> 00:28:27,813
OF EDUCATION AS WELL AS FEMINIST

800
00:28:27,813 --> 00:28:29,114
INTERPRETATIONS OF EATING

801
00:28:29,114 --> 00:28:30,349
DISORDERS EVEN IF MANY LARGEST

802
00:28:30,349 --> 00:28:31,850
AND SUCCESSFUL OF THE

803
00:28:31,850 --> 00:28:33,418
ORGANIZATIONS DID NOT EXPLICITLY

804
00:28:33,418 --> 00:28:34,786
FRAME THE THEMSELVES IN FEMINIST

805
00:28:34,786 --> 00:28:40,759
TERMS. WHAT I HAVE DONE UP TO

806
00:28:40,759 --> 00:28:43,462
NOW IS HIGHLIGHT CENTRAL VOICES

807
00:28:43,462 --> 00:28:44,429
OR CONSTITUENT SAYS

808
00:28:44,429 --> 00:28:45,197
PARTICIPATING IN THE

809
00:28:45,197 --> 00:28:46,932
CONSTRUCTION OF THIS ANOREXIA

810
00:28:46,932 --> 00:28:48,734
EPIDEMIC. BUT I WANTED TO

811
00:28:48,734 --> 00:28:50,035
UNDERSCORE THE FACT THAT

812
00:28:50,035 --> 00:28:51,770
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EATING DISORDERS

813
00:28:51,770 --> 00:28:53,739
CIRCULATED IN A REMARKABLE

814
00:28:53,739 --> 00:28:54,973
VARIETY OF WAYS AND WHAT I WANT

815
00:28:54,973 --> 00:28:57,008
TO DO IS EMPHASIZE THE DIVERSITY

816
00:28:57,008 --> 00:29:00,345
OF GENRES AN AUDIENCES THAT ARE

817
00:29:00,345 --> 00:29:01,446
BEING TARGETED AND AT THE SAME

818
00:29:01,446 --> 00:29:02,814
TIME JUNE FORMTY OF THE

819
00:29:02,814 --> 00:29:04,282
INFORMATION THAT IS BEING

820
00:29:04,282 --> 00:29:05,751
COMMUNE -- UNIFORMITY OF THE

821
00:29:05,751 --> 00:29:10,622
INFORMATION COMMUNICATED SO BOTH

822
00:29:10,622 --> 00:29:12,457
DIVERSITY AND UNIFORMITY I FINDS

823
00:29:12,457 --> 00:29:14,426
COMPELLING. TO WALK YOU LIEU THE

824
00:29:14,426 --> 00:29:15,560
SOURCE, ON THE LEFT IS A FLYER

825
00:29:15,560 --> 00:29:18,163
FOR A MEDICAL WORKSHOP HOSTED AT

826
00:29:18,163 --> 00:29:19,931
HARVARD, MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS

827
00:29:19,931 --> 00:29:22,167
PRIMARILY DOCTORS PSYCHIATRISTS

828
00:29:22,167 --> 00:29:23,735
PSYCHOLOGISTS, AND NURSES, CAN

829
00:29:23,735 --> 00:29:25,737
GATHER FOR A WEEKEND TO LEARN

830
00:29:25,737 --> 00:29:28,106
ABOUT ANOREXIA AND BULIMIA. NEXT

831
00:29:28,106 --> 00:29:30,542
TO THAT IS A BOOK TARGETING

832
00:29:30,542 --> 00:29:32,043
PARENTS A GUIDE THE EATING

833
00:29:32,043 --> 00:29:33,245
DISORDERS FOR PARENTS. THERE

834
00:29:33,245 --> 00:29:34,546
WERE MANY SUCH BOOKS FOR

835
00:29:34,546 --> 00:29:37,949
SPECIFIC CATEGORIES OF PEOPLE,

836
00:29:37,949 --> 00:29:39,885
PATIENTS, PARENTS, FRIENDS,

837
00:29:39,885 --> 00:29:41,319
BOYFRIENDS, GIRLFRIENDS, ET

838
00:29:41,319 --> 00:29:42,721
CETERA, ET CETERA. THEN THIS IS

839
00:29:42,721 --> 00:29:45,424
A FLYER FOR A TELECONFERENCE FOR

840
00:29:45,424 --> 00:29:46,591
NON-MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS SO

841
00:29:46,591 --> 00:29:50,762
THIS IS PARTICULARLY TARGETING

842
00:29:50,762 --> 00:29:52,731
SCHOOLTEACHERS, COUNSELORS,

843
00:29:52,731 --> 00:29:53,765
ADMINISTRATION, PEOPLE WHO ARE

844
00:29:53,765 --> 00:29:56,802
INTERESTED IN LEARNING ABOUT

845
00:29:56,802 --> 00:29:58,303
EATING DISORDERS BUT ARE NOT

846
00:29:58,303 --> 00:29:59,538
TREATING PEOPLE DIRECTLY AND

847
00:29:59,538 --> 00:30:02,340
FINALLY ON THE RIGHT IS A FREE

848
00:30:02,340 --> 00:30:03,842
COMMUNITY TALK FOR ANYONE IN THE

849
00:30:03,842 --> 00:30:04,543
COMMUNITY INTERESTED IN

850
00:30:04,543 --> 00:30:12,617
LEARNING. OF COURSE THE PRESS

851
00:30:12,617 --> 00:30:14,252
PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN

852
00:30:14,252 --> 00:30:16,188
SUPPORTING THIS CIRCULATION OF

853
00:30:16,188 --> 00:30:17,856
KNOWLEDGE. AS NEWSPAPERS ACROSS

854
00:30:17,856 --> 00:30:19,324
THE COUNTRY REPORTED REGULARLY

855
00:30:19,324 --> 00:30:22,160
ON HE IS ILLNESSES, ECHOING AND

856
00:30:22,160 --> 00:30:23,728
REINFORCING MEDICAL AND LAY

857
00:30:23,728 --> 00:30:26,398
PERSPECTIVES.  AMERICAN MEDIA

858
00:30:26,398 --> 00:30:27,866
NOT ONLY CONFIRMED WHAT PATIENTS

859
00:30:27,866 --> 00:30:30,068
AN DISEASES LOOKED LIKE, BUT

860
00:30:30,068 --> 00:30:31,102
CREATED THE SENSE OF AN

861
00:30:31,102 --> 00:30:32,971
IMMEDIATE AND PRESSING CRISIS IN

862
00:30:32,971 --> 00:30:34,206
WHICH EATING DISORDERS WERE ONE

863
00:30:34,206 --> 00:30:37,509
OF THE LARGEST THREATS FACING

864
00:30:37,509 --> 00:30:40,946
AMERICAN YOUTH AND THUS AMERICAN

865
00:30:40,946 --> 00:30:43,849
PARENTS. THIS 1986 ANNOUNCEMENT

866
00:30:43,849 --> 00:30:45,617
IN THE NEW YORK TIMES DESCRIBES

867
00:30:45,617 --> 00:30:48,820
THE THREE MAJOR THREATS FACING

868
00:30:48,820 --> 00:30:50,422
TEENAGERS AS DRUGS, SUICIDE AND

869
00:30:50,422 --> 00:30:52,991
EATING DISORDERS. AND WHAT

870
00:30:52,991 --> 00:30:54,426
LINKSES THEM ALL IS BOTH THE

871
00:30:54,426 --> 00:30:56,361
FACT THEY ARE INVISIBLE TO

872
00:30:56,361 --> 00:30:57,596
PARENTS, THAT PARENTS WON'T KNOW

873
00:30:57,596 --> 00:30:58,897
THEY EXIST, AND THAT THEY ARE

874
00:30:58,897 --> 00:31:02,400
DEADLY.  THIS IS OF COURSE A

875
00:31:02,400 --> 00:31:03,735
REMARKABLE PERSPECTIVE

876
00:31:03,735 --> 00:31:04,903
CONSIDERING THE FACT THAT A

877
00:31:04,903 --> 00:31:06,972
DECADE AGO THE VAST MAJORITY OF

878
00:31:06,972 --> 00:31:08,406
AMERICANS HAD NEVER EVEN HEARD

879
00:31:08,406 --> 00:31:12,444
OF EATING DISORDERS.  I TRIED TO

880
00:31:12,444 --> 00:31:15,046
LAY OUT THE MULTIPLE DISCOURSES

881
00:31:15,046 --> 00:31:16,448
AROUND ANOREXIA THAT CO-EXISTED

882
00:31:16,448 --> 00:31:17,816
AND INTERSECTED AT THIS TIME.

883
00:31:17,816 --> 00:31:20,485
THE MEDICAL, THE POPULAR AND

884
00:31:20,485 --> 00:31:21,720
FEMINIST. ABOVE ALL WHAT I WANT

885
00:31:21,720 --> 00:31:23,154
TO HIGHLIGHT IS NOT THE FACT

886
00:31:23,154 --> 00:31:25,624
THAT THESE MULTIPLE DISCURSIVE

887
00:31:25,624 --> 00:31:27,526
LEVELS EXIST, ALL MAJOR SOCIAL

888
00:31:27,526 --> 00:31:28,927
CONVERSATIONS TAKE PART IN

889
00:31:28,927 --> 00:31:30,662
MULTIPLE REGISTERS.  BUT THAT

890
00:31:30,662 --> 00:31:32,998
THEY WERE ALL MUTUALLY

891
00:31:32,998 --> 00:31:34,900
REINFORCING ENSURING REMARKABLY

892
00:31:34,900 --> 00:31:39,271
SMOOTH AND UNCONTESTED PATH

893
00:31:39,271 --> 00:31:40,605
FORWARD CONSENSUS. MANY DISEASES

894
00:31:40,605 --> 00:31:43,208
OF COURSE UNDERDISCUSSED OR

895
00:31:43,208 --> 00:31:45,810
IGNORED. STILL OTHERS ARE

896
00:31:45,810 --> 00:31:48,613
HEAVILY CONTESTED WITH RADICALLY

897
00:31:48,613 --> 00:31:50,482
DISPARATE OR OPPOSING CLAIMS

898
00:31:50,482 --> 00:31:54,352
ABOUT CAUSE, SYMPTOMOLOGY OR

899
00:31:54,352 --> 00:31:57,455
TREATMENT. TO GIVE ONE DRAMATIC

900
00:31:57,455 --> 00:31:59,558
EXAMPLE, THE AIDS EPIDEMIC THAT

901
00:31:59,558 --> 00:32:02,060
EMERGED PUBLIC HEALTH THREAT AT

902
00:32:02,060 --> 00:32:03,795
THE SAME TIME EATING DISORDERS

903
00:32:03,795 --> 00:32:05,430
WERE CLAIMING A LARGE PART OF

904
00:32:05,430 --> 00:32:07,032
AMERICAN CONSCIOUSNESS WAS THE

905
00:32:07,032 --> 00:32:08,333
SUBJECT OF INCREDIBLE CONTENTION

906
00:32:08,333 --> 00:32:10,635
AND HOSTILITY AT ALL LEVELS OF

907
00:32:10,635 --> 00:32:14,839
AMERICAN SOCIETIES.  IN CONTRAST

908
00:32:14,839 --> 00:32:17,375
BY THE LATE 1980s, EATING

909
00:32:17,375 --> 00:32:19,377
DISORDER SUPPORT GROUPS BEGAN

910
00:32:19,377 --> 00:32:21,146
LOBBYING CONGRESS TO INCREASE

911
00:32:21,146 --> 00:32:23,415
AWARENESS OF EATK DISORDERS BY

912
00:32:23,415 --> 00:32:26,284
DESIGNATED A NATIONAL EATING

913
00:32:26,284 --> 00:32:27,919
DISORDERS AWARENESS WEEK. THERE

914
00:32:27,919 --> 00:32:29,588
WAS NO OPPOSITION. THE BILL

915
00:32:29,588 --> 00:32:31,656
SPONSORED BY NEW YORK

916
00:32:31,656 --> 00:32:32,824
CONGRESSMAN HAMILTON FISH JR.

917
00:32:32,824 --> 00:32:34,726
WAS APPROVED BY CONGRESS IN

918
00:32:34,726 --> 00:32:37,696
1991. IT STATED QUOTE, WHEREAS

919
00:32:37,696 --> 00:32:39,965
ANOREXIA NERVOSA ALSO KNOWN AS

920
00:32:39,965 --> 00:32:42,400
STARVATION SICKNESS, AND

921
00:32:42,400 --> 00:32:43,635
BULIMIA, ALSO KNOWN AS BINGE

922
00:32:43,635 --> 00:32:46,237
PURGE SYNDROME, COLLECTIVELY

923
00:32:46,237 --> 00:32:47,639
KNOWN AS EALING DISORDERS ARE

924
00:32:47,639 --> 00:32:49,774
EMOTIONAL DISORDERS THAT CAN

925
00:32:49,774 --> 00:32:51,576
LEAD TO SERIOUS PHYSICAL ILLNESS

926
00:32:51,576 --> 00:32:53,378
AND EVEN DEATH, WHEREAS EXPERTS

927
00:32:53,378 --> 00:32:55,647
ESTIMATE ONE OUT OF EVERY 100

928
00:32:55,647 --> 00:32:58,149
WOMEN BETWEEN AGE OF 12 AND 25

929
00:32:58,149 --> 00:33:00,385
SUFFERS FROM ANOREXIA NERVOSA

930
00:33:00,385 --> 00:33:02,988
AND ONE OUT OF EVERY 7 WOMEN IN

931
00:33:02,988 --> 00:33:05,490
THAT AGE GROUP DEVELOPS BULIMIA,

932
00:33:05,490 --> 00:33:06,891
AND WHEREAS PUBLIC AWARENESS

933
00:33:06,891 --> 00:33:09,194
ABOUT THE PERSONAL AND FAMILIAL

934
00:33:09,194 --> 00:33:12,063
TRAGEDIES CAUSED BY ANOREXIA AND

935
00:33:12,063 --> 00:33:13,665
BULIMIA MUST BE RAISED IN ORDER

936
00:33:13,665 --> 00:33:15,333
TO PROMOTE CONTINUED RESEARCH

937
00:33:15,333 --> 00:33:17,569
INTO THE CAUSES AND TREATMENTS

938
00:33:17,569 --> 00:33:20,372
OF THESE AND OTHER EATING

939
00:33:20,372 --> 00:33:22,507
DISORDERS, NOW, THEREFORE BE IT

940
00:33:22,507 --> 00:33:24,709
RESOLVED BY THE SENATE AND HOUSE

941
00:33:24,709 --> 00:33:25,543
OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED

942
00:33:25,543 --> 00:33:27,512
STATES OF AMERICA IN CONGRESS

943
00:33:27,512 --> 00:33:29,114
ASSEMBLED THAT THE WEEK OF

944
00:33:29,114 --> 00:33:31,549
FEBRUARY 2ND THROUGH FEBRUARY 8

945
00:33:31,549 --> 00:33:34,653
BE DESIGNATED EATING DISORDERS

946
00:33:34,653 --> 00:33:36,321
AWARENESS WEEK. THIS WEEK IS

947
00:33:36,321 --> 00:33:38,056
STILL FEDERALLY OBSERVED THOUGH

948
00:33:38,056 --> 00:33:42,527
IT IS MOVED SLIGHTLY LATER INC 

949
00:33:42,527 --> 00:33:43,995
CALENDAR AND NOW BEING

950
00:33:43,995 --> 00:33:45,330
CELEBRATED DURING THE LAST WEEK

951
00:33:45,330 --> 00:33:47,465
OF FEBRUARY. THE SAME YEAR THIS

952
00:33:47,465 --> 00:33:49,934
BILL WAS PASSED PRESIDENT GEORGE

953
00:33:49,934 --> 00:33:51,436
BUSH DESIGNATED THE BOSTON BASED

954
00:33:51,436 --> 00:33:53,471
EITHER DISORDER SUPPORT GROUP A

955
00:33:53,471 --> 00:33:55,573
B C OR ANOREXIA BULIMIA CARE, AS

956
00:33:55,573 --> 00:33:57,909
ONE OF THE COUNTRY'S 1,000

957
00:33:57,909 --> 00:34:00,545
POINTS OF LIGHT. A PROGRAM THAT

958
00:34:00,545 --> 00:34:02,947
HE INITIATED TO PROMOTE PRIVATE

959
00:34:02,947 --> 00:34:04,082
NON-GOVERNMENTAL SOLUTIONS TO

960
00:34:04,082 --> 00:34:06,751
PRESSING SOCIAL ISSUES. THE

961
00:34:06,751 --> 00:34:08,219
OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENT STATED

962
00:34:08,219 --> 00:34:10,588
QUOTE, THE MUTUAL SUPPORT AND

963
00:34:10,588 --> 00:34:11,856
CARE PROVIDED BY THE VOLUNTEERS

964
00:34:11,856 --> 00:34:15,393
OF ABC HAVE SPAWNED NEW HOPE FOR

965
00:34:15,393 --> 00:34:18,630
THE ESTIMATED 1 OUT OF 5 COLLEGE

966
00:34:18,630 --> 00:34:21,132
AGE WOMEN WHO SUFFER FROM THESE

967
00:34:21,132 --> 00:34:22,400
DREADFUL DISORDERS. BECAUSE OF

968
00:34:22,400 --> 00:34:24,736
ABC'S OUTREACH TO THE COMMUNITY,

969
00:34:24,736 --> 00:34:26,538
MORE INDIVIDUALS NOW UNDERSTAND

970
00:34:26,538 --> 00:34:28,740
THE GREAT IMPLICATIONS OF EATING

971
00:34:28,740 --> 00:34:30,175
DISORDERS AND THE NEED TO

972
00:34:30,175 --> 00:34:37,949
ADDRESS THIS PROBLEM. I WANT TO

973
00:34:37,949 --> 00:34:39,651
END THIS DISCUSSION OF ANOREXIA

974
00:34:39,651 --> 00:34:41,152
WITH A SHORT VIDEO CLIP, THIS IS

975
00:34:41,152 --> 00:34:42,654
FROM ONE OF MY FAVORITE SOURCES

976
00:34:42,654 --> 00:34:44,355
FROM THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF

977
00:34:44,355 --> 00:34:46,891
MEDICINE. AN EDUCATIONAL FILM ON

978
00:34:46,891 --> 00:34:50,528
ANOREXIA FOR NURSES, TITLED

979
00:34:50,528 --> 00:35:01,005
DYING TO BE THIN. THE MOVIE

980
00:35:02,240 --> 00:35:03,742
ITSELF IS CONVENTIONAL FOR ITS

981
00:35:03,742 --> 00:35:05,543
GENRE, MADE OF PRIMARILY SHORT

982
00:35:05,543 --> 00:35:07,345
INFORMATIVE INTERVIEWS WITH

983
00:35:07,345 --> 00:35:08,213
PATIENTS, HAIR PARENTS AND

984
00:35:08,213 --> 00:35:11,116
DOCTORS. IT MAKES A POINT OF

985
00:35:11,116 --> 00:35:13,785
BEING ALMOST BRUTALLY REALISTIC

986
00:35:13,785 --> 00:35:15,553
EMPHASIZING HOW DIFFICULT AND

987
00:35:15,553 --> 00:35:16,721
OFTEN UNSUCCESSFUL TREATMENT IS.

988
00:35:16,721 --> 00:35:18,456
THE MOVIE INCLUDES PATIENTS WHO

989
00:35:18,456 --> 00:35:20,225
DID NOT RESPOND SUCCESSFULLY TO

990
00:35:20,225 --> 00:35:21,593
TREATMENT AND ONE PATIENT WHO

991
00:35:21,593 --> 00:35:24,028
DIES OF ANOREXIA. AND

992
00:35:24,028 --> 00:35:25,163
UNDERSCORES THE TRAUMA CAUSED BY

993
00:35:25,163 --> 00:35:27,031
THE DISEASE FOR PATIENTS THEIR

994
00:35:27,031 --> 00:35:28,833
FAMILIES AND MEDICAL PERSONNEL

995
00:35:28,833 --> 00:35:31,503
WHO CARE FOR THEM. YET THE FILM

996
00:35:31,503 --> 00:35:33,638
TAKES A BREAK FROM A SERIES OF

997
00:35:33,638 --> 00:35:34,839
SOMBER TALKING HEADS AND YOU CAN

998
00:35:34,839 --> 00:35:36,641
SEE HERE SOME SLIDES I HAVE MADE

999
00:35:36,641 --> 00:35:40,278
FROM THE FILM, FOR A MUSIC VIDEO

1000
00:35:40,278 --> 00:35:41,913
ABOUT ANOREXIA WHICH IS WHAT I

1001
00:35:41,913 --> 00:35:43,948
WANT TO SHOW NOW. THIS VIDEO I

1002
00:35:43,948 --> 00:35:45,183
THINK REALLY ILLUSTRATES THE

1003
00:35:45,183 --> 00:35:47,619
WAYS IN WHICH FEMINISM POP

1004
00:35:47,619 --> 00:35:49,187
CULTURE AND MEDICAL PROFESSION

1005
00:35:49,187 --> 00:35:50,855
CAME TOGETHER IN THE

1006
00:35:50,855 --> 00:35:52,824
CONSTRUCTION OF A PARTICULAR

1007
00:35:52,824 --> 00:35:59,297
ITERATION OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA.

1008
00:35:59,297 --> 00:36:01,399
♪ DYING TO BE THIN, DYING TO BE

1009
00:36:01,399 --> 00:36:02,901
THIN, EVERYBODY IS GOING TO LOVE

1010
00:36:02,901 --> 00:36:05,036
ME WHEN I'M NOTHING BY SKIN. FAT

1011
00:36:05,036 --> 00:36:07,372
FAT FAT, GOODBYE FAT, I'M GOING

1012
00:36:07,372 --> 00:36:10,375
TO LOOK HEALTHY WHEN MY TUMMY IS

1013
00:36:10,375 --> 00:36:12,811
FLAT ♪ I WANT TO BE LOOK LIKE

1014
00:36:12,811 --> 00:36:15,513
THE LADY IN THE AD WHERE THE

1015
00:36:15,513 --> 00:36:19,050
LITTLE TINY GOING TO BE SO BAD.

1016
00:36:19,050 --> 00:36:22,253
EVERYBODY IS SKINNY THIGHS AND

1017
00:36:22,253 --> 00:36:26,758
MY BIG SEXY SONG AND I ♪

1018
00:36:26,758 --> 00:36:28,526
♪ TOUGH TOUGH TOUGH, GOT TO GET

1019
00:36:28,526 --> 00:36:30,728
TOUGH SO I PUNISH MY BODY BUT

1020
00:36:30,728 --> 00:36:32,197
NEVER ENOUGH, DYING TO BE THIN,

1021
00:36:32,197 --> 00:36:33,298
DYING TO BE THIN, EVERYBODY IS

1022
00:36:33,298 --> 00:36:36,634
GOING TO LOVE ME WHEN I'M

1023
00:36:36,634 --> 00:36:38,469
NOTHING BUT SKIN. MANIAC.

1024
00:36:38,469 --> 00:36:40,605
MANIAC. I WANT TO BE YOUNG AND I

1025
00:36:40,605 --> 00:36:41,973
WANT TO BE SWEET, I WANT TO BE

1026
00:36:41,973 --> 00:36:43,708
SPECIAL SO I DON'T WANT TO EAT.

1027
00:36:43,708 --> 00:36:46,344
I'M GOING ON A FAST, I'M GOING

1028
00:36:46,344 --> 00:36:48,179
ON DIET AND YOU CAN'T STOP ME SO

1029
00:36:48,179 --> 00:36:52,684
YOU BETTER NOT TRY IT. ♪ YOU

1030
00:36:52,684 --> 00:36:54,385
LOOK SIMPLY MARVELOUS, ENTETE

1031
00:36:54,385 --> 00:36:56,888
SWEAT SWEAT, GOT LOST A COUPLE

1032
00:36:56,888 --> 00:36:58,590
POUNDS BUT NOT THERE YET. WEIGHT

1033
00:36:58,590 --> 00:37:00,158
WEIGHT WEIGHT, GOT TO LOSE

1034
00:37:00,158 --> 00:37:01,392
WEIGHT. I STARVE MYSELF AND THEN

1035
00:37:01,392 --> 00:37:07,398
I CELEBRATE. IT LOOKS SO GOOD ♪

1036
00:37:07,398 --> 00:37:09,701
DRINKING DIET ROOT BEER, LICKING

1037
00:37:09,701 --> 00:37:11,536
DIET ICE CREAM COOL AND SWEET,

1038
00:37:11,536 --> 00:37:14,072
SUCKING DIET CANDY BUT I GOT TO

1039
00:37:14,072 --> 00:37:16,774
STAY THIN SO I THROW IT ALL OUT

1040
00:37:16,774 --> 00:37:19,344
AND START MY DIET AGAIN ♪ SICK

1041
00:37:19,344 --> 00:37:20,812
SICK SICK, I'M A WILL I WILL BIT

1042
00:37:20,812 --> 00:37:24,249
SICK BUT WHEN I'M GOING TO LOOK

1043
00:37:24,249 --> 00:37:25,717
SLICK. DYING TO BE THIN, DYING

1044
00:37:25,717 --> 00:37:27,285
TO BE THIN, EVERYBODY IS GOING

1045
00:37:27,285 --> 00:37:29,220
TO LOVE ME WHEN I'M NOTHING BUT

1046
00:37:29,220 --> 00:37:33,424
SKIN ♪ I WANT TO BE BEAUTIFUL

1047
00:37:33,424 --> 00:37:36,094
AND HAPPY AND SUCCESSFUL ♪ IF

1048
00:37:36,094 --> 00:37:37,795
IT'S THE LAST THING I DO. DYING

1049
00:37:37,795 --> 00:37:47,438
TO BE THIN, DYING ♪

1050
00:37:47,438 --> 00:37:50,141
>> ALL RIGHT. VERY
INTERESTING

1051
00:37:50,141 --> 00:37:53,578
MOVIE. I NOW WANT TO SHIFT GEARS

1052
00:37:53,578 --> 00:37:55,580
AND BRIEFRY DESCRIBE A DIFFERENT

1053
00:37:55,580 --> 00:37:57,815
ECONOMY OR ARCHIVE OF EATING

1054
00:37:57,815 --> 00:38:00,151
DISORDERS. ONE THAT EMERGED ON

1055
00:38:00,151 --> 00:38:01,319
AMERICAN CAMPUSES AND THAT WAS

1056
00:38:01,319 --> 00:38:03,388
FOCUSED NOT ON ANOREXIA BUT ON

1057
00:38:03,388 --> 00:38:05,857
BULIMIA NERVOSA. I WILL DISCUSS

1058
00:38:05,857 --> 00:38:08,092
THE WAYS SOCIAL SCIENTISTS,

1059
00:38:08,092 --> 00:38:09,227
STUDENTS AND COLLEGE

1060
00:38:09,227 --> 00:38:11,129
ADMINISTRATORS CAME TOGETHER TO

1061
00:38:11,129 --> 00:38:12,997
IDENTIFY, DOCUMENT AND TREAT A

1062
00:38:12,997 --> 00:38:15,333
NEW AND PRESSING THREAT. AGAIN,

1063
00:38:15,333 --> 00:38:19,737
MY EMPHASIS IS ON SIMULTANEOUS

1064
00:38:19,737 --> 00:38:20,638
AND CONSENSUS. THIS PARTICULAR

1065
00:38:20,638 --> 00:38:22,273
STORY IS PART OF A LARGER SHIFT

1066
00:38:22,273 --> 00:38:24,509
IN HISTORY OF HIGHER EDUCATION.

1067
00:38:24,509 --> 00:38:27,045
1980 MARKED THE BEGINNING OF THE

1068
00:38:27,045 --> 00:38:28,012
FEMMIZATION OF COLLEGE CAMPUSES

1069
00:38:28,012 --> 00:38:29,847
AND FEMALE UNDERGRADUATES FIRST

1070
00:38:29,847 --> 00:38:32,383
OUTNUMBERED MEN. YOUNG WOMEN'S

1071
00:38:32,383 --> 00:38:34,585
RECORD RATES OF ENROLLMENT WAS

1072
00:38:34,585 --> 00:38:36,721
SEEN AS CAUSE AND PROOF OF

1073
00:38:36,721 --> 00:38:38,523
GENDER EQUALITY. YET AS

1074
00:38:38,523 --> 00:38:41,259
CONVERSATIONS AROUND EATING

1075
00:38:41,259 --> 00:38:42,093
DISORDERS REVEAL, THIS FEMINISM

1076
00:38:42,093 --> 00:38:43,561
OF HIGHER EDUCATION CAUSED A

1077
00:38:43,561 --> 00:38:46,764
GREAT DEAL OF CONCERN AS WELL. 

1078
00:38:46,764 --> 00:38:49,734
THIS CARTOON FROM THE DARTMOUTH

1079
00:38:49,734 --> 00:38:51,069
STUDENT NEWSPAPER CAPTURES THESE

1080
00:38:51,069 --> 00:38:52,937
TENSIONS WELL. SHOW AS MEET

1081
00:38:52,937 --> 00:38:54,939
INCOME A SORORITY HOUSE WHERE

1082
00:38:54,939 --> 00:38:56,708
SISTER NOTES HOW UNUSUALLY

1083
00:38:56,708 --> 00:39:00,044
SKINNY ALL HER SISTERS ARE. SHE

1084
00:39:00,044 --> 00:39:02,180
SAYS I'M HEALTHY BUT NEXT TO A

1085
00:39:02,180 --> 00:39:03,915
LOT OF YOU I FEEL FAT. WHAT THE

1086
00:39:03,915 --> 00:39:07,552
HELL IS GOING ON? THEN BUN

1087
00:39:07,552 --> 00:39:09,620
SISTER STAND UP AND SAYS WE ARE

1088
00:39:09,620 --> 00:39:11,556
HAVING IT ALL, BEAUTY,

1089
00:39:11,556 --> 00:39:14,292
INTELLIGENCE, WEALTH AND ABOVE

1090
00:39:14,292 --> 00:39:15,860
ALL, THINNESS. WE ARE WOMEN OF

1091
00:39:15,860 --> 00:39:19,397
THE '80s. THEN ALL OF THE

1092
00:39:19,397 --> 00:39:20,932
OTHER SISTERS SAY SURE, I WEIGH

1093
00:39:20,932 --> 00:39:27,071
85. I'M 84. 82. SO ON.

1094
00:39:27,071 --> 00:39:28,740
>> GIVEN THE FACT
INTELLIGENT

1095
00:39:28,740 --> 00:39:30,375
AMBITIOUS AND HIGHLY EDUCATED

1096
00:39:30,375 --> 00:39:31,809
WOMEN WERE THE ONES WHO WERE

1097
00:39:31,809 --> 00:39:33,544
SUPPOSED TO DEVELOP EATING

1098
00:39:33,544 --> 00:39:35,179
DISORDERS IT SEEMS LOGICAL

1099
00:39:35,179 --> 00:39:36,414
COLLEGES AN UNIVERSITIES MIGHT

1100
00:39:36,414 --> 00:39:38,182
HAVE A DISPROPORTIONATE NUMBER

1101
00:39:38,182 --> 00:39:40,184
OF ANOREXICS.  HOWEVER IT WAS

1102
00:39:40,184 --> 00:39:41,986
NOT ANOREXIA BUT BULIMIA THAT

1103
00:39:41,986 --> 00:39:43,521
EMERGED AS THE FOCUS OF EATING

1104
00:39:43,521 --> 00:39:44,589
DISORDERS DISCOURSE ON AMERICAN

1105
00:39:44,589 --> 00:39:49,193
CAMPUSES. BEFORE I GO ON I WANT

1106
00:39:49,193 --> 00:39:51,195
TO BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE HISTORY

1107
00:39:51,195 --> 00:39:53,631
OF BULIMIA NERVOSA UNLIKE

1108
00:39:53,631 --> 00:39:54,599
ANOREXIA WHICH WAS CLINICALLY

1109
00:39:54,599 --> 00:39:57,201
DESCRIBED IN 19TH CENTURY

1110
00:39:57,201 --> 00:39:59,637
BULIMIA A PATTERN OF ALTERNATE

1111
00:39:59,637 --> 00:40:01,105
BINGING AND PURGING BY VOMIT

1112
00:40:01,105 --> 00:40:02,407
PREGNANT OR LACKSTIVE USE WAS

1113
00:40:02,407 --> 00:40:05,576
NOT FORMULATED AS A DISTINCT

1114
00:40:05,576 --> 00:40:07,879
MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS UNTIL 1978.

1115
00:40:07,879 --> 00:40:09,414
THOUGH IT WAS INITIALLY

1116
00:40:09,414 --> 00:40:12,050
CONCEPTUALIZED AS A VARIANT OF

1117
00:40:12,050 --> 00:40:15,586
ANOREXIA, AN OFTEN CALLED

1118
00:40:15,586 --> 00:40:17,021
BULIMIAREXIA IT BECAME A

1119
00:40:17,021 --> 00:40:18,523
SIGNIFICANT DIAGNOSIS IN ITS OWN

1120
00:40:18,523 --> 00:40:20,491
RIGHT. AND ALSO BECAME

1121
00:40:20,491 --> 00:40:22,326
ASSOCIATED WITH ITS OWN DISTINCT

1122
00:40:22,326 --> 00:40:23,561
DEMOGRAPHIC WHICH IS THE STORY I

1123
00:40:23,561 --> 00:40:24,896
WILL BE DISCUSSING FOR THE REST

1124
00:40:24,896 --> 00:40:29,400
OF MY TALK. THE ASSOCIATION OF

1125
00:40:29,400 --> 00:40:30,535
AMERICAN COLLEGES AND

1126
00:40:30,535 --> 00:40:32,036
UNIVERSITIES WITH EATING

1127
00:40:32,036 --> 00:40:34,338
DISORDERS CAN BE TRACED TO THE

1128
00:40:34,338 --> 00:40:36,774
BULIMIA STUDY OF 1982, A WIDELY

1129
00:40:36,774 --> 00:40:40,044
CITED STUDY INITIATED BY

1130
00:40:40,044 --> 00:40:41,813
RADCLIFFE'S ASSOCIATE DEAN NORMA

1131
00:40:41,813 --> 00:40:43,748
WARE PICTURED HERE, A MEDICAL

1132
00:40:43,748 --> 00:40:45,483
ANTHROPOLOGIST WITH A PARTICULAR

1133
00:40:45,483 --> 00:40:47,652
INTEREST IN QUANTIFYING THE

1134
00:40:47,652 --> 00:40:50,188
EXPERIENCES OF HARVARD'SER

1135
00:40:50,188 --> 00:40:51,456
FEMALE STUDENTS. THAT IN FACT

1136
00:40:51,456 --> 00:40:54,659
WAS HER JOB TO QUANTIFY THESE

1137
00:40:54,659 --> 00:40:58,463
NEW FEMALE STUDENTS OF HARVARD. 

1138
00:40:58,463 --> 00:41:00,298
IN 1981 DEAN WARE WAS AWARDED A

1139
00:41:00,298 --> 00:41:03,034
LARGE NSF GRANT TO RUN WHAT WAS

1140
00:41:03,034 --> 00:41:05,236
TO BECOME THE RADCLIFFE BULIMIA

1141
00:41:05,236 --> 00:41:07,105
STUDY. AN ELABORATE MULTI-STAGE

1142
00:41:07,105 --> 00:41:09,107
PROJECT. THE FIRST STEP ALONE

1143
00:41:09,107 --> 00:41:11,442
INVOLVED SENDING QUESTIONNAIRES

1144
00:41:11,442 --> 00:41:13,311
TO 400 WOMEN AND 200 MEN FROM

1145
00:41:13,311 --> 00:41:15,246
BOTH THE SENIOR AND FRESHMAN

1146
00:41:15,246 --> 00:41:17,048
CLASSES. THIS INITIAL DATA

1147
00:41:17,048 --> 00:41:19,484
REVEALED QUOTE, THAT A SEVERE

1148
00:41:19,484 --> 00:41:21,185
PREOCCUPATION WITH WEIGHT AND

1149
00:41:21,185 --> 00:41:22,553
EATING HABITS IS WIDESPREAD

1150
00:41:22,553 --> 00:41:26,124
AMONG COLLEGE WOMEN. FOLLOW-UP

1151
00:41:26,124 --> 00:41:28,092
INTERVIEWS MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS,

1152
00:41:28,092 --> 00:41:30,394
DOUBLE BLIND STUDIES AND

1153
00:41:30,394 --> 00:41:31,496
ELABORATE DATA CRUNCHING AND

1154
00:41:31,496 --> 00:41:33,998
THIS STUDY I SHOULD SAY HAS

1155
00:41:33,998 --> 00:41:35,433
UNBELIEVABLE INTERNAL ARCHIVE,

1156
00:41:35,433 --> 00:41:38,970
VAST AMOUNTS, VAST NUMBERS OF

1157
00:41:38,970 --> 00:41:40,338
FILES WENT OVER MANY YEARS UNTIL

1158
00:41:40,338 --> 00:41:42,006
THE RESULTS WERE OFFICIALLY

1159
00:41:42,006 --> 00:41:45,576
FIRST PUBLISHED. THIS IS THE

1160
00:41:45,576 --> 00:41:49,814
QUOTE, USING RIGOROUS DSM 3

1161
00:41:49,814 --> 00:41:52,650
CRITERIA, 8% OF COLLEGE WOMEN

1162
00:41:52,650 --> 00:41:54,318
AND .7 OF COLLEGE MEN ARE

1163
00:41:54,318 --> 00:41:58,756
CLASSIFIED AS BULIMIC. THESE

1164
00:41:58,756 --> 00:41:59,423
DRAMATIC NUMBERS WERE

1165
00:41:59,423 --> 00:42:01,893
IMMEDIATELY AND WIDELY

1166
00:42:01,893 --> 00:42:02,994
CIRCULATED. AND HERE ARE THE

1167
00:42:02,994 --> 00:42:06,731
DATA IS BEING ISSUED A AS PUBLIC

1168
00:42:06,731 --> 00:42:08,199
HEALTH BRIEF AND CIRCULATED ALL

1169
00:42:08,199 --> 00:42:11,469
KINDS OF VENUES I. TRIGGERED A

1170
00:42:11,469 --> 00:42:13,237
REMARKABLE DOMINO AFFECT AS

1171
00:42:13,237 --> 00:42:15,239
OTHER SCHOOLS RAN ANALOGOUS

1172
00:42:15,239 --> 00:42:16,941
STUDIES.  THIS HAPPENED FIRST IN

1173
00:42:16,941 --> 00:42:18,676
OTHER ELITE SCHOOLS. UNIVERSITY

1174
00:42:18,676 --> 00:42:20,778
OF PENNSYLVANIA REPORTED THAT

1175
00:42:20,778 --> 00:42:24,282
QUOTE, MORE THAN 21% OF ITS

1176
00:42:24,282 --> 00:42:25,716
FEMALE UNDERGRADUATES HAD

1177
00:42:25,716 --> 00:42:28,186
BULIMIA. A DISEASE WHICH THE

1178
00:42:28,186 --> 00:42:29,520
REPORT CLAIMED OFTEN STRIKES

1179
00:42:29,520 --> 00:42:31,222
WOMEN WHO ARE INTELLIGENT,

1180
00:42:31,222 --> 00:42:33,658
ACHIEVEMENT ORIENTED, AND FROM

1181
00:42:33,658 --> 00:42:35,259
UPPER MIDDLE CLASS SEEMINGLY

1182
00:42:35,259 --> 00:42:37,061
PERFECT FAMILIES. THE IVY LEAGUE

1183
00:42:37,061 --> 00:42:39,430
IN GENERAL PROBABLY HAS MORE

1184
00:42:39,430 --> 00:42:41,399
THAN A NORMAL SHARE OF BULIMICS.

1185
00:42:41,399 --> 00:42:43,701
IN A STANDING ROOM ONLY TALK AT

1186
00:42:43,701 --> 00:42:45,770
DARTMOUTH, THE FAMED HISTORIAN

1187
00:42:45,770 --> 00:42:47,271
OF ANOREXIA, JOAN BRUMEBURG

1188
00:42:47,271 --> 00:42:48,973
NOTED THAT QUOTE, THE ONES MOST

1189
00:42:48,973 --> 00:42:50,942
AT RISK ARE THE ONES IN THIS

1190
00:42:50,942 --> 00:42:52,510
AUDIENCE. THE HIGHER THE

1191
00:42:52,510 --> 00:42:53,778
TUITION, THE MORE THE EATING

1192
00:42:53,778 --> 00:42:57,348
DISORDERS. CLOSE QUOTE. IN FACT,

1193
00:42:57,348 --> 00:42:58,716
SURVEYS OF COLLEGE AGE STUDENTS

1194
00:42:58,716 --> 00:43:00,284
ACROSS THE COUNTRY REFLECTED

1195
00:43:00,284 --> 00:43:01,285
SIMILAR RATES OF EATING

1196
00:43:01,285 --> 00:43:03,120
DISORDERS AND ET CETERA

1197
00:43:03,120 --> 00:43:05,823
SPECIALLY BULIMIA. ELITE AND I

1198
00:43:05,823 --> 00:43:07,858
VIE LEAGUE UNIVERSITIES DID NOT

1199
00:43:07,858 --> 00:43:11,596
HAVE MEANINGLY HIGHER RATES THAN

1200
00:43:11,596 --> 00:43:13,698
SMALLER CHRISTIAN OR RURAL OR

1201
00:43:13,698 --> 00:43:16,500
STATE SCHOOLS EVEN HBCUs HAD

1202
00:43:16,500 --> 00:43:18,536
HIGH RATES OF DISTURBED EATING

1203
00:43:18,536 --> 00:43:19,770
DESPITE THE UNIVERSAL CLAIMS

1204
00:43:19,770 --> 00:43:21,939
THAT THIS WAS A WHITE PROBLEM,

1205
00:43:21,939 --> 00:43:23,274
SPECIFICALLY AFRICAN AMERICAN

1206
00:43:23,274 --> 00:43:24,742
COLLEGES DISPLAYED MUCH LOWER

1207
00:43:24,742 --> 00:43:25,910
RATES OF ANOREXIA BUT SIMILAR

1208
00:43:25,910 --> 00:43:27,478
RATES OF BULIMIA AND OTHER FORMS

1209
00:43:27,478 --> 00:43:31,482
OF DISORDERED EATING. THIS

1210
00:43:31,482 --> 00:43:33,284
CONVERSATION ALMOST IMMEDIATELY

1211
00:43:33,284 --> 00:43:34,485
REACHED BEYOND THE WORLD OF

1212
00:43:34,485 --> 00:43:35,686
HIGHER EDUCATION. NOT ONLY

1213
00:43:35,686 --> 00:43:37,989
NATIONAL AND LOCAL NEWSPAPERS

1214
00:43:37,989 --> 00:43:39,790
BUT POPULAR TEEN AND WOMEN'S

1215
00:43:39,790 --> 00:43:43,027
MAGAZINES INCLUDING COSMOPOLITAN

1216
00:43:43,027 --> 00:43:44,528
AND MOD MAY SEVERAL REACHED OUT

1217
00:43:44,528 --> 00:43:46,097
TO DEAN WARE TO WRITE ARTICLES

1218
00:43:46,097 --> 00:43:47,498
ABOUT THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY

1219
00:43:47,498 --> 00:43:49,300
TEACHING MOTHERS AND DAUGHTERS

1220
00:43:49,300 --> 00:43:51,902
ABOUT THE CONNECTION BETWEEN

1221
00:43:51,902 --> 00:43:54,972
BULIMIA AND COLLEGE CAMPUSES.

1222
00:43:54,972 --> 00:43:56,607
THIS CAREFUL DOCUMENTATION OF

1223
00:43:56,607 --> 00:43:59,076
THE UBIQUITY OF EATING DISORDERS

1224
00:43:59,076 --> 00:44:01,078
ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES TOOK PLACE

1225
00:44:01,078 --> 00:44:02,747
ALONGSIDE INTENSIVE PROGRAM OF

1226
00:44:02,747 --> 00:44:05,616
EDUCATION AIMED AT STUDENTS

1227
00:44:05,616 --> 00:44:06,417
THEMSELVES, ABOUT THESE

1228
00:44:06,417 --> 00:44:12,623
ILLNESSES.  MOST AIMED TO TEACH

1229
00:44:12,623 --> 00:44:14,525
STUDENTS QUOTE, THE SYMPTOMS OF

1230
00:44:14,525 --> 00:44:16,360
BULIMIA. AN EATING DISORDER

1231
00:44:16,360 --> 00:44:17,862
GATHERING INCREASING ATTENTION

1232
00:44:17,862 --> 00:44:19,764
PARTICULARLY ON COLLEGE

1233
00:44:19,764 --> 00:44:21,365
CAMPUSES, CLOSE QUOTE.  SO I'M

1234
00:44:21,365 --> 00:44:24,135
GOING TO BE READING QUOTE FROM

1235
00:44:24,135 --> 00:44:26,103
ASSORTMENT OF THESE STUDENT MADE

1236
00:44:26,103 --> 00:44:27,738
EDUCATIONAL PAMPHLETS TO GIVE A

1237
00:44:27,738 --> 00:44:31,175
SENSE OF THE DISCOURSE OF THEM. 

1238
00:44:31,175 --> 00:44:32,610
ECHOING THE FEMINIST LOGIC THAT

1239
00:44:32,610 --> 00:44:34,679
FRAMED THE RISE OF ANOREXIA

1240
00:44:34,679 --> 00:44:35,880
SELF-HELP GROUPS MANY STUDENTS

1241
00:44:35,880 --> 00:44:38,416
SUPPORT GROUPS AND PUBLICATIONS

1242
00:44:38,416 --> 00:44:39,750
EMPHASIZEDDED SAMENESS AND

1243
00:44:39,750 --> 00:44:41,719
SOLIDARITY, QUOTE, A PERSON

1244
00:44:41,719 --> 00:44:42,520
SUFFERING FROM BULIMIA THINKS

1245
00:44:42,520 --> 00:44:44,655
SHE IS A FREAK. . THIS IS WHY A

1246
00:44:44,655 --> 00:44:46,324
GROUP OF US CAME TOGETHER TO

1247
00:44:46,324 --> 00:44:47,758
WRITE THIS BOOKLET, WE KNOW HOW

1248
00:44:47,758 --> 00:44:49,827
A PERSON WITH BULIMIA FEELS

1249
00:44:49,827 --> 00:44:52,229
BECAUSE WE OURSES ARE BULIMIC.

1250
00:44:52,229 --> 00:44:55,099
WHILE AT THE SAME TIME THIS

1251
00:44:55,099 --> 00:44:56,734
LITERATURE REITERATES DISCOURSES

1252
00:44:56,734 --> 00:44:59,103
OF ELITISM AND SUPERIORITY THAT

1253
00:44:59,103 --> 00:45:00,771
SOCIAL SCIENTISTS STUDY THE

1254
00:45:00,771 --> 00:45:02,306
BULIMIA EPIDEMIC BORROWED FROM

1255
00:45:02,306 --> 00:45:04,175
ANOREXIA AT THIS COURSE.  QUOTE,

1256
00:45:04,175 --> 00:45:06,677
WHO ARE WE? WE OFTEN COME FROM

1257
00:45:06,677 --> 00:45:08,279
FAMILIES WHO PRIZE PERFECTION

1258
00:45:08,279 --> 00:45:09,947
ACHIEVEMENT AND SUCCESS. WE ARE

1259
00:45:09,947 --> 00:45:12,249
GO GETTERS.  WE SET UNDULY HIGH

1260
00:45:12,249 --> 00:45:13,818
STANDARDS FOR THE WAY WE LOOK

1261
00:45:13,818 --> 00:45:15,186
AND FEEL. WE FEEL A LOT OF

1262
00:45:15,186 --> 00:45:17,088
PRESSURE TO MEASURE P TO

1263
00:45:17,088 --> 00:45:19,757
SOCIETY'S STANDARDS FOR THE

1264
00:45:19,757 --> 00:45:21,892
IDEAL WOMAN. SUCCESSFUL,

1265
00:45:21,892 --> 00:45:23,494
POPULAR, TALENTED ATTRACTIVE AND

1266
00:45:23,494 --> 00:45:30,801
ABOVE ALL, SHE IS THIN. VARIOUS

1267
00:45:30,801 --> 00:45:32,837
CAMPUS ORGANIZATIONS ENCOURAGE

1268
00:45:32,837 --> 00:45:34,438
SELF-DIAGNOSIS IN OTHER WAYS.

1269
00:45:34,438 --> 00:45:36,374
STUDENTS WERE ASKED TO COMPLETE

1270
00:45:36,374 --> 00:45:37,775
SELF-ASSESSMENT SURVEYS. TO

1271
00:45:37,775 --> 00:45:39,210
MONITOR THEIR FEELINGS ABOUT

1272
00:45:39,210 --> 00:45:41,145
FOOD AND TO TRACK ANY

1273
00:45:41,145 --> 00:45:42,747
POTENTIALLY PROBLEMATIC

1274
00:45:42,747 --> 00:45:45,149
BEHAVIORS AROUND THEIR EATING.

1275
00:45:45,149 --> 00:45:47,752
THIS IS ONE SUCH SURVEY. EATING

1276
00:45:47,752 --> 00:45:50,788
DISORDERS SELF ASSESSMENT.

1277
00:45:50,788 --> 00:45:52,923
COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES WORKED

1278
00:45:52,923 --> 00:45:53,924
IMMEDIATELY RECOGNIZED AS A

1279
00:45:53,924 --> 00:45:55,659
MARKET FOR EATING DISORDER

1280
00:45:55,659 --> 00:45:57,094
MATERIALS SPECIFICALLY. AND THIS

1281
00:45:57,094 --> 00:45:59,230
IS A FLYER FOR A SMALL PRESS

1282
00:45:59,230 --> 00:46:01,098
THAT WAS DEDICATED EXCLUSIVELY

1283
00:46:01,098 --> 00:46:03,334
TO PRODUCING EDUCATIONAL EATING

1284
00:46:03,334 --> 00:46:05,669
DISORDER EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS

1285
00:46:05,669 --> 00:46:08,105
FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS. OF COURSE

1286
00:46:08,105 --> 00:46:11,108
THERE WERE DOZENS OF FILMS,

1287
00:46:11,108 --> 00:46:13,411
PROFESSIONAL AND INSPIRATIONAL

1288
00:46:13,411 --> 00:46:14,645
SPEAKERS FEMINIST SPEAKERS

1289
00:46:14,645 --> 00:46:16,347
CABARET GROUPS AND SO ON TO

1290
00:46:16,347 --> 00:46:18,115
EMERGE TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THE

1291
00:46:18,115 --> 00:46:21,719
NEW MARKET. AS STUDENTS

1292
00:46:21,719 --> 00:46:23,521
ESPECIALLY FEMALE STUDENTS, WERE

1293
00:46:23,521 --> 00:46:24,855
BEING INUNDATED WITH INFORMATION

1294
00:46:24,855 --> 00:46:26,657
ABOUT EATING DISORDERS, COLLEGE

1295
00:46:26,657 --> 00:46:28,559
ADMINISTRATORS WERE DEVELOPING A

1296
00:46:28,559 --> 00:46:30,127
FORMAL INFRASTRUCTURE FOR

1297
00:46:30,127 --> 00:46:31,695
TREATING THESE SUBSTANTIAL

1298
00:46:31,695 --> 00:46:39,403
NUMBERS OF SICK STUDENTS. NOW I

1299
00:46:39,403 --> 00:46:41,205
WANT TO SHOW A FEW IMAGES I

1300
00:46:41,205 --> 00:46:42,840
FOUND IN UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES

1301
00:46:42,840 --> 00:46:43,707
DEPICTING THE DIFFERENT

1302
00:46:43,707 --> 00:46:45,776
STRUCTURE DEVELOPED FOR EATING

1303
00:46:45,776 --> 00:46:47,211
DISORDER SUPPORT DURING THE

1304
00:46:47,211 --> 00:46:49,380
1980s. BOTH THE CHECKTY AND

1305
00:46:49,380 --> 00:46:50,681
VARIETY OF -- COLLECTTY AND

1306
00:46:50,681 --> 00:46:51,248
VARIETY OF WAYS SCHOOLS

1307
00:46:51,248 --> 00:46:52,950
ATTEMPTED TO DEAL WITH THIS NEW

1308
00:46:52,950 --> 00:46:56,053
CRISIS ARE REMARKABLE. AND I

1309
00:46:56,053 --> 00:46:57,621
WANT TO BRIEFLY HIGHLIGHTED THE

1310
00:46:57,621 --> 00:47:00,057
IMPORTANCE OF DARTMOUTH, JUST AS

1311
00:47:00,057 --> 00:47:02,460
IT HAD BEEN RADCLIFFE DEAN NORMA

1312
00:47:02,460 --> 00:47:03,961
WARE WHO INITIATED THE PROJECT

1313
00:47:03,961 --> 00:47:06,397
OF QUANTIFYING AND CIRCULATING

1314
00:47:06,397 --> 00:47:07,998
DATA ON COLLEGE EATING

1315
00:47:07,998 --> 00:47:10,034
DISORDERS, IT WAS THE DARTMOUTH

1316
00:47:10,034 --> 00:47:11,368
DEAN OF STUDENTS ED WAR SHAN

1317
00:47:11,368 --> 00:47:12,870
HAHN, ONE OF THE FIRST TO

1318
00:47:12,870 --> 00:47:14,638
DEDICATE HIS ADMINISTRATION TO

1319
00:47:14,638 --> 00:47:16,106
TACKLING THIS UNPRECEDENTED

1320
00:47:16,106 --> 00:47:19,276
PROBLEM. SHAN HAHN CAME TO

1321
00:47:19,276 --> 00:47:21,779
DARTMOUTH IN 1982, THE SAME YEAR

1322
00:47:21,779 --> 00:47:23,881
AS THE BULIMIA STUDY AND AS HE

1323
00:47:23,881 --> 00:47:25,950
NOTED IF THE 1989 LETTER TO A

1324
00:47:25,950 --> 00:47:27,785
COLLEAGUE, QUOTE, I HAVE BEEN

1325
00:47:27,785 --> 00:47:29,019
EXTREMELY VIGILANT AND CONCERNED

1326
00:47:29,019 --> 00:47:30,988
ABOUT THE ISSUE OF EATING

1327
00:47:30,988 --> 00:47:33,190
DISORDERS AT DARTMOUTH SINCE MY

1328
00:47:33,190 --> 00:47:34,892
ARRIVE. MANY IDEAS THAT I CAME

1329
00:47:34,892 --> 00:47:36,927
ACROSS IN COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY

1330
00:47:36,927 --> 00:47:38,062
ARCHIVES FROM AROUND THE COUNTRY

1331
00:47:38,062 --> 00:47:40,064
I RECOGNIZED HAVING FIRST BEEN

1332
00:47:40,064 --> 00:47:41,599
DEVELOPED AT DARTMOUTH AND ONE

1333
00:47:41,599 --> 00:47:43,367
EXAMPLE IS ONE OF DARTMOUTH'S

1334
00:47:43,367 --> 00:47:45,135
PROGRAMS FOR WHAT THEY CALLED

1335
00:47:45,135 --> 00:47:47,738
EDPA, AN EATING DISORDER PEER

1336
00:47:47,738 --> 00:47:49,240
ADVISOR. AND THERE WERE REALLY

1337
00:47:49,240 --> 00:47:50,808
DOZENS OF DIFFERENT

1338
00:47:50,808 --> 00:47:51,709
INTERVENTIONS DEVELOPED AT

1339
00:47:51,709 --> 00:47:55,012
DARTMOUTH. DURING THESE YEARS. 

1340
00:47:55,012 --> 00:47:56,680
CAMPUSES BEGAN TO REGULARLY

1341
00:47:56,680 --> 00:47:58,048
SURVEY INCOMING STUDENTS ABOUT

1342
00:47:58,048 --> 00:48:00,951
THEIR MENTAL HEALTH. ASKING IF

1343
00:48:00,951 --> 00:48:02,520
THEY HAD EVER SUSPECTED OR BEEN

1344
00:48:02,520 --> 00:48:05,055
TOLD YOU MIGHT HAVE AN EATING

1345
00:48:05,055 --> 00:48:05,823
DISORDER AND THEY WOULD

1346
00:48:05,823 --> 00:48:08,158
FOLLOW-UP ON THE RESULTS

1347
00:48:08,158 --> 00:48:09,827
ASSIGNING STUDENTS THERAPISTS OR

1348
00:48:09,827 --> 00:48:11,529
ENCOURAGING INTERVENTIONS. 

1349
00:48:11,529 --> 00:48:13,330
COLLEGE HEALTH SERVICES BEGAN

1350
00:48:13,330 --> 00:48:15,199
DEVELOPING GUIDELINES NOT JUST

1351
00:48:15,199 --> 00:48:17,101
FOR DIAGNOSING ANOREXIA AND

1352
00:48:17,101 --> 00:48:18,536
BULIMIA BUT ESTABLISHING THE

1353
00:48:18,536 --> 00:48:20,137
POINT WHICH THEY WOULD REQUIRE

1354
00:48:20,137 --> 00:48:22,072
STUDENTS TO LEAVE CAMPUS AND

1355
00:48:22,072 --> 00:48:24,608
SEEK TREATMENT ELSEWHERE. SO

1356
00:48:24,608 --> 00:48:27,678
JUST ONE EXAMPLE, MIDDLE BURY

1357
00:48:27,678 --> 00:48:29,213
COLLEGE GUIDELINES REGARDING

1358
00:48:29,213 --> 00:48:31,615
PATIENT DIAGNOSED AS HAVING

1359
00:48:31,615 --> 00:48:34,084
SIGNIFICANT ANOREXIA NERVOSA

1360
00:48:34,084 --> 00:48:35,352
SPECIFIES IF THE STUDENTS DOES

1361
00:48:35,352 --> 00:48:37,254
NOT RESPOND TO PHONE CALLS,

1362
00:48:37,254 --> 00:48:40,157
LETTERS OF CORRESPONDENCE OR

1363
00:48:40,157 --> 00:48:41,825
MISS A MEDICAL APPOINTMENT WHEN

1364
00:48:41,825 --> 00:48:44,895
THEIR WEIGHT IS 80% OF THE

1365
00:48:44,895 --> 00:48:46,697
PRE-DETERMINED NORMAL WEIGHT,

1366
00:48:46,697 --> 00:48:48,732
STAFF WILL PROCEED AND

1367
00:48:48,732 --> 00:48:49,733
CONTACTING A PARENT WHICH

1368
00:48:49,733 --> 00:48:51,835
USUALLY INITIATES THE PROCESS OF

1369
00:48:51,835 --> 00:48:53,904
REMOVING THE STUDENT FROM

1370
00:48:53,904 --> 00:48:55,105
SCHOOL. SO WHAT I WANT TO

1371
00:48:55,105 --> 00:48:56,407
HIGHLIGHT IS NOT THE PROCESS

1372
00:48:56,407 --> 00:48:58,642
ITSELF BUT THE FACT THAT THESE

1373
00:48:58,642 --> 00:49:02,313
POLICIES WERE FOR THE FIRST TIME

1374
00:49:02,313 --> 00:49:03,547
BUREAUCRATICALLY BEING

1375
00:49:03,547 --> 00:49:04,615
CONSTRUCTED BY UNIVERSITIES AS A

1376
00:49:04,615 --> 00:49:08,152
RESPONSE TO THIS CRISIS. THERE

1377
00:49:08,152 --> 00:49:09,286
WERE CONFERENCES AND TRAINING

1378
00:49:09,286 --> 00:49:10,988
SESSIONS DEDICATED TO TEACHING

1379
00:49:10,988 --> 00:49:12,356
SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS HOW TO

1380
00:49:12,356 --> 00:49:14,124
RESPOND TO CRISIS OF EATING

1381
00:49:14,124 --> 00:49:16,527
DISORDERS. ONE CONFERENCE HOSTED

1382
00:49:16,527 --> 00:49:19,496
BY (INAUDIBLE) ON 1987 ASSISTING

1383
00:49:19,496 --> 00:49:21,365
THE STUDENT INCLUDED PANELS LIKE

1384
00:49:21,365 --> 00:49:22,366
ESTABLISHING AN

1385
00:49:22,366 --> 00:49:23,167
INTERDISCIPLINARY EATING

1386
00:49:23,167 --> 00:49:25,269
DISORDERS TASK FORCE ON CAMPUS

1387
00:49:25,269 --> 00:49:28,606
AND AVOIDING CAFETERIA CHAOS,

1388
00:49:28,606 --> 00:49:29,840
MAKING HEALTHY CHOICES AWAY FROM

1389
00:49:29,840 --> 00:49:33,544
HOME. EVEN POP PSYCHOLOGIST

1390
00:49:33,544 --> 00:49:35,479
STEVEN BEGAN TO OFFER COLLEGE

1391
00:49:35,479 --> 00:49:37,581
VISITS. FOR A FEE, HE SENT OUT

1392
00:49:37,581 --> 00:49:39,717
LETTERS TO COLLEGE CAMPUSES

1393
00:49:39,717 --> 00:49:40,985
OFFERING TO DISCUSS THE ROLE OF

1394
00:49:40,985 --> 00:49:42,820
THE COUNSELING OFFICE STAFF AND

1395
00:49:42,820 --> 00:49:44,355
RESIDENT ADVISORS IN RESPONDING

1396
00:49:44,355 --> 00:49:45,923
TO STUDENTS IN NEED OF

1397
00:49:45,923 --> 00:49:46,690
APPROPRIATE SUPPORT AND

1398
00:49:46,690 --> 00:49:49,860
GUIDANCE. MR. LEVINKROEN

1399
00:49:49,860 --> 00:49:51,762
ASSISTED COLLEGE COUNSELORS AND

1400
00:49:51,762 --> 00:49:53,764
-- AND RESIDENT ADVISORS

1401
00:49:53,764 --> 00:49:54,999
LEARNING HOW TO IDENTIFY

1402
00:49:54,999 --> 00:49:56,433
ANOREXIA AND BULIMIA, OFFERED A

1403
00:49:56,433 --> 00:49:58,068
VICE TO STUDENTS WHO MAY BE

1404
00:49:58,068 --> 00:49:59,470
SUFFERING FROM THESE DISORDERS

1405
00:49:59,470 --> 00:50:01,271
AND SUGGESTS WAYS OF FINDING

1406
00:50:01,271 --> 00:50:06,810
PROFESSIONAL HELP. THIS FOCUS ON

1407
00:50:06,810 --> 00:50:08,412
EATING DISORDERS ON THE PART OF

1408
00:50:08,412 --> 00:50:10,147
RESEARCHERS ADMINISTRATION AND

1409
00:50:10,147 --> 00:50:12,282
STUDENTS ENCOURAGE A NEW

1410
00:50:12,282 --> 00:50:13,751
PERCEPTION OF COLLEGE CAMPUS AS

1411
00:50:13,751 --> 00:50:15,119
SITES OF GENDERED MENTAL HEALTH

1412
00:50:15,119 --> 00:50:18,222
CRISIS. THE HARVARD CRIMSON

1413
00:50:18,222 --> 00:50:20,591
BLOUNTLY CLAIMED QUOTE EXPERTS

1414
00:50:20,591 --> 00:50:22,726
BELIEVE CO-EDUCATION EXACERBATES

1415
00:50:22,726 --> 00:50:25,195
A WOMAN'S VULNERABILITY TO

1416
00:50:25,195 --> 00:50:27,698
EATING DISORDERS. A CONSENSUS

1417
00:50:27,698 --> 00:50:29,066
EMERGED BOTH THAT COLLEGE

1418
00:50:29,066 --> 00:50:30,634
STUDENTS WERE PRONE TO EATING

1419
00:50:30,634 --> 00:50:31,869
DISORDERS AND THAT EATING

1420
00:50:31,869 --> 00:50:33,671
DISORDERS WERE ONE OF THE MOST

1421
00:50:33,671 --> 00:50:37,107
PRESSING THREATS FACING FEMALE

1422
00:50:37,107 --> 00:50:39,743
STUDENTS. THESE IDEAS HAD WIDE

1423
00:50:39,743 --> 00:50:41,779
REACHING CONSEQUENCES. AS

1424
00:50:41,779 --> 00:50:43,681
INSTITUTIONS CAREFULLY

1425
00:50:43,681 --> 00:50:44,948
DOCUMENTED SPREAD OF CLINICALLY

1426
00:50:44,948 --> 00:50:46,517
DIAGNOSEABLE EATING DISORDERS

1427
00:50:46,517 --> 00:50:49,119
AMONG THEIR STUDENT BODY, THEY

1428
00:50:49,119 --> 00:50:51,789
BECAME CONCERNED THAT GENERAL

1429
00:50:51,789 --> 00:50:52,890
PATHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMOLOGY AROUND

1430
00:50:52,890 --> 00:50:55,492
ISSUES OF FOOD AND BODY. SURVEYS

1431
00:50:55,492 --> 00:50:57,094
REVEALED, QUOTE, A SIGNIFICANT

1432
00:50:57,094 --> 00:50:58,829
NUMBER OF OUR FEMALE STUDENTS

1433
00:50:58,829 --> 00:51:00,464
DEMONSTRATE BODY IMAGE CONCERNS

1434
00:51:00,464 --> 00:51:02,533
AND A DISTRESSED RELATIONSHIP

1435
00:51:02,533 --> 00:51:04,501
WITH FOOD. THE LEVEL OF DISTRESS

1436
00:51:04,501 --> 00:51:06,003
EXPERIENCED BY A SIGNIFICANT

1437
00:51:06,003 --> 00:51:07,838
NUMBER OF OUR FEMALE STUDENTS

1438
00:51:07,838 --> 00:51:10,207
HAS BEEN DESCRIBED AS AT TIMES

1439
00:51:10,207 --> 00:51:13,577
OVERWHELMING. IN RESPONSE

1440
00:51:13,577 --> 00:51:14,978
CAMPUSES BECAME INVESTED IN

1441
00:51:14,978 --> 00:51:17,548
MONITORING AND IMPROVING STUDENT

1442
00:51:17,548 --> 00:51:19,183
HEALTH, SOMETHING BOTH STUDENTS

1443
00:51:19,183 --> 00:51:21,118
AND THEIR PARENTS BEGAN TO

1444
00:51:21,118 --> 00:51:26,423
REQUEST AND THEN DEMAND. THUS IN

1445
00:51:26,423 --> 00:51:27,725
ADDITION TO SUPPORT GROUPS FOR

1446
00:51:27,725 --> 00:51:29,660
STUDENTS WITH FORMAL EATING

1447
00:51:29,660 --> 00:51:31,228
DISORDERS, CAMPUSES BEGAN TO

1448
00:51:31,228 --> 00:51:33,597
OFFER WORKSHOPS AN DISCUSSION

1449
00:51:33,597 --> 00:51:36,333
GROUPS ON BODY LOVE, GOOD AND

1450
00:51:36,333 --> 00:51:38,368
BAD, WEIGHT LOSS STRATEGIES AND

1451
00:51:38,368 --> 00:51:40,003
HEALTHY EATING. ISSUES THAT WORK

1452
00:51:40,003 --> 00:51:43,006
FOR THE FIRST TIME RECEIVED AS

1453
00:51:43,006 --> 00:51:44,541
NECESSARY FOR STUDENT MENTAL

1454
00:51:44,541 --> 00:51:46,376
HEALTH. STUDENT HEALTH SERVICES

1455
00:51:46,376 --> 00:51:48,979
FOCUSED PRIMARILY AND OFTEN

1456
00:51:48,979 --> 00:51:50,881
EXCLUSIVELY ON LEE ISSUES, DRUGS

1457
00:51:50,881 --> 00:51:52,616
AND ALCOHOL, SEXUAL HEALTH, AND

1458
00:51:52,616 --> 00:51:56,019
EATING DISORDERS. ALL OF WHICH

1459
00:51:56,019 --> 00:51:57,054
EMPHASIZE FEMALE STUDENTS AS

1460
00:51:57,054 --> 00:52:00,791
THEIR PRIMARY VICTIMS. ALL THIS

1461
00:52:00,791 --> 00:52:02,993
OF COURSE SOUNDS VERY FAMILIAR

1462
00:52:02,993 --> 00:52:08,499
TO US TODAY. WHILE THE ARCHIVES

1463
00:52:08,499 --> 00:52:11,635
I TRACED HERE WERE HISTORICALLY

1464
00:52:11,635 --> 00:52:13,203
SPECIFIC AND HAD BEEN REPLACED

1465
00:52:13,203 --> 00:52:15,672
BY NEW DISCURSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS

1466
00:52:15,672 --> 00:52:16,507
AND CONSENSUS, GENERALLY

1467
00:52:16,507 --> 00:52:17,775
CONVERSATIONS AROUND EATING

1468
00:52:17,775 --> 00:52:20,344
DISORDERS IN TERMS OF DIAGNOSIS,

1469
00:52:20,344 --> 00:52:21,578
ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT HAVE

1470
00:52:21,578 --> 00:52:23,380
CHANGED SURPRISINGLY LITTLE OVER

1471
00:52:23,380 --> 00:52:25,349
THE PAST FOUR DECADES. AND OF

1472
00:52:25,349 --> 00:52:27,818
COURSE AS WE ALL KNOW, RATES OF

1473
00:52:27,818 --> 00:52:29,620
DIAGNOSIS HAVE IN FACT ONLY BE

1474
00:52:29,620 --> 00:52:31,421
GROWING WITH AN ALARMING SPIKE

1475
00:52:31,421 --> 00:52:33,023
LINKED TO THE COVID PANDEMIC AND

1476
00:52:33,023 --> 00:52:36,827
THE PRESSURES OF LOCK DOWN. WHAT

1477
00:52:36,827 --> 00:52:38,095
I HOPE TODAY AND DO MORE

1478
00:52:38,095 --> 00:52:40,564
GENERALLY IN MY RESEARCH, AND

1479
00:52:40,564 --> 00:52:41,965
TOP OF THE SCREEN SEE THE TITLE

1480
00:52:41,965 --> 00:52:44,735
OF MY LARGER PROJECT ANOREXIA

1481
00:52:44,735 --> 00:52:46,236
NERVOSA AND THE RISE OF

1482
00:52:46,236 --> 00:52:47,971
DISORDERED EATING THE THE LATE

1483
00:52:47,971 --> 00:52:49,807
20TH CENTURY WORLD IS UNPACK AN

1484
00:52:49,807 --> 00:52:52,409
ORIGIN STORY OF A GLOBAL

1485
00:52:52,409 --> 00:52:53,977
EPIDEMIC OPHITE EATING DISORDERS

1486
00:52:53,977 --> 00:52:55,078
WHICH HAVE BECOME A NORMALIZED

1487
00:52:55,078 --> 00:52:58,315
PART OF MODERN LIFE. THANK YOU

1488
00:52:58,315 --> 00:53:00,150
SO MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION AND

1489
00:53:00,150 --> 00:53:01,752
I'M VERY MUCH LOOKING FORWARD TO

1490
00:53:01,752 --> 00:53:03,420
YOUR QUESTIONS. AGAIN, I AM

1491
00:53:03,420 --> 00:53:04,955
STILL RESEARCHING, IDENTIFYING

1492
00:53:04,955 --> 00:53:06,423
SOURCES, I'M CONDUCTING

1493
00:53:06,423 --> 00:53:08,158
INTERVIEWS WITH PRACTITIONERS, I

1494
00:53:08,158 --> 00:53:10,260
HAVE INCLUDED MY EMAIL ADDRESS

1495
00:53:10,260 --> 00:53:13,530
HERE SO ENCOURAGE ANYBODY PLEASE

1496
00:53:13,530 --> 00:53:15,465
REACH OUT CORRECT DIRECTLY WITH

1497
00:53:15,465 --> 00:53:16,400
ANY IDEAS QUESTIONS OR

1498
00:53:16,400 --> 00:53:17,534
SUGGESTIONS.  THANK YOU SO MUCH,

1499
00:53:17,534 --> 00:53:18,802
I LOOK FORWARD TO HEARING FROM

1500
00:53:18,802 --> 00:53:22,673
YOU.

1501
00:53:22,673 --> 00:53:24,074
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. IT
WAS

1502
00:53:24,074 --> 00:53:27,477
AN EXCELLENT, EXCELLENT TALK. SO

1503
00:53:27,477 --> 00:53:28,512
RICH WITH PERSPECTIVES FROM A

1504
00:53:28,512 --> 00:53:32,382
VARIETY OF SOURCES.  WE DO HAVE

1505
00:53:32,382 --> 00:53:33,617
TIME FOR A FEW QUESTIONS.  I

1506
00:53:33,617 --> 00:53:36,687
WOULD LIKE TO REMIND THOSE WHO

1507
00:53:36,687 --> 00:53:40,190
ARE WATCHING UNDER THE VIDEO

1508
00:53:40,190 --> 00:53:42,726
SCREEN, THE NIH VIDEOCAST IS A

1509
00:53:42,726 --> 00:53:44,962
LIVE FEEDBACK BUTTON. PLEASE USE

1510
00:53:44,962 --> 00:53:46,930
THAT BUTTON TO SEND QUESTIONS TO

1511
00:53:46,930 --> 00:53:48,398
DR. WEINREB, THEY WILL COME TO

1512
00:53:48,398 --> 00:53:51,635
ME AND I WILL TRIAGE THEM

1513
00:53:51,635 --> 00:53:53,237
ACCORDINGLY TO SHARE WITH HER.

1514
00:53:53,237 --> 00:53:54,171
PLEASE SEND YOUR QUESTIONS IN.

1515
00:53:54,171 --> 00:53:58,942
WE DO HAVE A FEW ALREADY. ALL OF

1516
00:53:58,942 --> 00:54:02,746
THEM, THANK YOU, FOR THIS

1517
00:54:02,746 --> 00:54:05,315
WONDERFUL ENLIGHTENED TALK,

1518
00:54:05,315 --> 00:54:07,417
THOSE WORDS USED REPEATEDLY.

1519
00:54:07,417 --> 00:54:08,819
FIRST QUESTION, YOU NOTED THAT

1520
00:54:08,819 --> 00:54:13,190
MEDIA IN 1986 IDENTIFIED DRUGS,

1521
00:54:13,190 --> 00:54:14,858
SUICIDE AND EATING DISORDER AS

1522
00:54:14,858 --> 00:54:17,261
THE BIGGEST THREATS TO AMERICAN

1523
00:54:17,261 --> 00:54:19,930
YOUTH. THESE ARE ALL SELF

1524
00:54:19,930 --> 00:54:21,398
IMPOSED AFFLICTIONS, THIS PERSON

1525
00:54:21,398 --> 00:54:23,800
WRITES IN. ARE WILL THEORIES

1526
00:54:23,800 --> 00:54:26,303
ABOUT OVERARCHING STRESSORS ON

1527
00:54:26,303 --> 00:54:28,438
AMERICA'S YOUTH THAT CAUSED

1528
00:54:28,438 --> 00:54:31,608
SELF-HARM SYNDROMES TO BECOME SO

1529
00:54:31,608 --> 00:54:36,280
COMMON? THOUGHTS ON THAT?
>>

1530
00:54:36,280 --> 00:54:38,282
THAT IS A REALLY INTERESTING

1531
00:54:38,282 --> 00:54:38,548
QUESTION.

1532
00:54:38,548 --> 00:54:39,316
>> VERY BIG QUESTION.

1533
00:54:39,316 --> 00:54:43,153
>> IT IS A BIG QUESTION.
WHAT I

1534
00:54:43,153 --> 00:54:44,554
WAS INTERESTED IN, I BRIEFLY

1535
00:54:44,554 --> 00:54:45,989
MENTIONED WHAT I -- THE WAY THEY

1536
00:54:45,989 --> 00:54:49,159
WERE FRAMED WAS IN TERMS OF

1537
00:54:49,159 --> 00:54:51,295
INVISIBILITY. THERE IS

1538
00:54:51,295 --> 00:54:52,663
DEFINITELY -- DEFINITELY A SENSE

1539
00:54:52,663 --> 00:54:54,731
IN THE 1980s, VERY INTEREST

1540
00:54:54,731 --> 00:54:56,166
MISDEMEANOR THE POLITICAL SOCIAL

1541
00:54:56,166 --> 00:54:57,734
CONTEXT OF THE 1980s.  THIS

1542
00:54:57,734 --> 00:54:59,536
WAS A SENSE -- THIS WAS AN AGE

1543
00:54:59,536 --> 00:55:01,271
OF AUSTERITY, AGE IN THE

1544
00:55:01,271 --> 00:55:03,140
REJECTION OF STATE INTERVENTIONS

1545
00:55:03,140 --> 00:55:06,076
OF PRIVATIZATION, OF

1546
00:55:06,076 --> 00:55:08,712
NEOLIBERALISM, AND THIS LED TO

1547
00:55:08,712 --> 00:55:10,147
AN IDEA OF FRAGMENTATION OF

1548
00:55:10,147 --> 00:55:12,983
SOCIETY OR REAL CONCERNS OF

1549
00:55:12,983 --> 00:55:17,621
SOCIAL FABRIC COLLAPSING. . MY

1550
00:55:17,621 --> 00:55:20,590
SENSE IS THIS SENSE OF

1551
00:55:20,590 --> 00:55:22,159
FRAGMENTATION, INDIVIDUALIZATION

1552
00:55:22,159 --> 00:55:24,294
WAS -- THERE WAS A DISCOURSE

1553
00:55:24,294 --> 00:55:25,262
PARTICULARLY DEVASTATING TO

1554
00:55:25,262 --> 00:55:28,298
YOUNG PEOPLE ISOLATED AND ALONE

1555
00:55:28,298 --> 00:55:29,766
AND LOST. THAT WOULD THEN IN

1556
00:55:29,766 --> 00:55:32,169
TURN LEAD TO THESE

1557
00:55:32,169 --> 00:55:34,638
SELF-DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIORS. THAT

1558
00:55:34,638 --> 00:55:35,839
IS A CONVERSATION ABOUT

1559
00:55:35,839 --> 00:55:37,674
ADOLESCENCE THAT WAS GOING ON AT

1560
00:55:37,674 --> 00:55:39,543
THE TIME. THOUGH AT THE TIME IT

1561
00:55:39,543 --> 00:55:41,979
DOES NOT EXPLICITLY LINK WITH

1562
00:55:41,979 --> 00:55:44,147
LARGER POLITICAL ECONOMIC

1563
00:55:44,147 --> 00:55:46,016
TRENDS. SO THAT IS ALL I CAN SAY

1564
00:55:46,016 --> 00:55:48,051
ABOUT THAT AT THE MOMENT. THERE

1565
00:55:48,051 --> 00:55:50,053
ARE SOME INTERESTING SCHOLARSHIP

1566
00:55:50,053 --> 00:55:51,688
BEING DONE IN BRITAIN ABOUT SELF

1567
00:55:51,688 --> 00:55:55,425
HARM AS A CATEGORY, BY A SCHOLAR

1568
00:55:55,425 --> 00:55:56,893
NAMED CHRIS (INDISCERNIBLE) WHO

1569
00:55:56,893 --> 00:56:00,130
ARGUES, POINTS OUT THAT

1570
00:56:00,130 --> 00:56:03,233
SELF-HARM -- THAT CUTTING WHICH

1571
00:56:03,233 --> 00:56:04,568
IS NOW BECOME SYNONYMOUS WITH

1572
00:56:04,568 --> 00:56:08,005
THE CATEGORY OF SELF-HARM THAT

1573
00:56:08,005 --> 00:56:09,439
IDEA OF SELF-HARM WAS LINKED

1574
00:56:09,439 --> 00:56:11,108
WITH DRUG OVERDOSES AND THOUGHT

1575
00:56:11,108 --> 00:56:13,143
ABOUT AS BEING A SORT OF SOCIAL

1576
00:56:13,143 --> 00:56:15,245
PROBLEM, THEN IN THE 70 ET

1577
00:56:15,245 --> 00:56:17,280
CETERA AND 80s IT BECOMES

1578
00:56:17,280 --> 00:56:18,181
ABOUT AN INDIVIDUAL CRY FOR

1579
00:56:18,181 --> 00:56:20,183
HELP. AND I THIS I THERE IS

1580
00:56:20,183 --> 00:56:20,784
SOMETHING SIMILAR HERE IN THE

1581
00:56:20,784 --> 00:56:22,552
U.S., THESE ARE DEEPLY

1582
00:56:22,552 --> 00:56:24,154
INDIVIDUALIZED AND ISOLATED

1583
00:56:24,154 --> 00:56:25,622
AFFLICTIONS THAT REFLECT THE

1584
00:56:25,622 --> 00:56:26,623
LARGER COLLAPSE OF SOCIAL

1585
00:56:26,623 --> 00:56:27,858
NETWORKS. BUT I SHOULD SAY THIS

1586
00:56:27,858 --> 00:56:29,593
IS REALLY A GREAT QUESTION I

1587
00:56:29,593 --> 00:56:31,194
HAVE NOT REALLY EXPLORED

1588
00:56:31,194 --> 00:56:33,296
DIRECTLY. THANK YOU FOR THAT.

1589
00:56:33,296 --> 00:56:36,133
>> CERTAINLY, TOTALLY
RESPECT

1590
00:56:36,133 --> 00:56:37,501
AND HANKS TO THE INDIVIDUAL WHO

1591
00:56:37,501 --> 00:56:39,069
WROTE IN WITH THAT QUESTION.

1592
00:56:39,069 --> 00:56:41,271
ANOTHER QUESTION THAT'S COME IN.

1593
00:56:41,271 --> 00:56:44,441
THANKING YOU AGAIN FOR YOUR

1594
00:56:44,441 --> 00:56:45,776
ENLIGHTENING TALK, CAN YOU TALK

1595
00:56:45,776 --> 00:56:48,245
ABOUT THE CHALLENGES OF USING

1596
00:56:48,245 --> 00:56:52,549
RECORDS COVERED BY HIPAA AS

1597
00:56:52,549 --> 00:56:54,184
HISTORICAL SOURCES?

1598
00:56:54,184 --> 00:56:58,155
>> ABSOLUTELY. ONE -- VERY

1599
00:56:58,155 --> 00:57:00,090
GENERALLY MY PROJECT I'M WORKING

1600
00:57:00,090 --> 00:57:02,426
IN PRIMARY SOURCES FROM SEVERAL

1601
00:57:02,426 --> 00:57:03,927
-- MANY COUNTRIES ONE GENERAL

1602
00:57:03,927 --> 00:57:05,729
THING THAT I HAVE BEEN STRUCK BY

1603
00:57:05,729 --> 00:57:07,030
AND DIDN'T EXPECT THOUGH I

1604
00:57:07,030 --> 00:57:08,298
SHOULD HAVE IS HOW DIFFERENT

1605
00:57:08,298 --> 00:57:10,233
PRIVACY REGULATIONS ARE IN

1606
00:57:10,233 --> 00:57:11,802
DIFFERENT COUNTRIES AND EVEN IN

1607
00:57:11,802 --> 00:57:14,171
DIFFERENT SORTS OF ARCHIVES. SO

1608
00:57:14,171 --> 00:57:16,940
I HAVE NOT WORKED WITH ANY

1609
00:57:16,940 --> 00:57:18,175
OFFICIALLY HIPAA REGULATED

1610
00:57:18,175 --> 00:57:20,610
SOURCES YET.  I HAVE APPLIED FOR

1611
00:57:20,610 --> 00:57:24,314
SOME ACCESS TO PATIENT MATERIALS

1612
00:57:24,314 --> 00:57:28,418
THOUGH LOCATING THEM HAS BEEN

1613
00:57:28,418 --> 00:57:30,187
DIFFICULT. I HAVE NOT BEEN

1614
00:57:30,187 --> 00:57:31,188
PURSUING THEM BECAUSE I FEEL

1615
00:57:31,188 --> 00:57:32,823
LIKE CENTRAL TO MY STORY, VERY

1616
00:57:32,823 --> 00:57:34,357
INTERESTING BUT NOT WHAT I'M

1617
00:57:34,357 --> 00:57:38,462
PURSUING PER SE. IN SOME SENSE

1618
00:57:38,462 --> 00:57:40,363
I'M NOT GRAPPLING WITH HIPAA

1619
00:57:40,363 --> 00:57:42,699
RIGHT NOW IN THIS PROJECTED BUT

1620
00:57:42,699 --> 00:57:43,733
WHAT IS INTERESTING IS I HAVE

1621
00:57:43,733 --> 00:57:46,169
COME ACROSS ENORMOUS PRIVATE

1622
00:57:46,169 --> 00:57:47,604
MATERIALS SO ARCHIVES ARE FULL

1623
00:57:47,604 --> 00:57:50,407
OF PRIVATE AND PERSONAL LETTERS,

1624
00:57:50,407 --> 00:57:52,442
DIARIES, DEEPLY INTIMATE

1625
00:57:52,442 --> 00:57:53,977
NARRATIVE RECORDS OF PEOPLE'S

1626
00:57:53,977 --> 00:57:55,312
EXPERIENCES DEALING WITH EATING

1627
00:57:55,312 --> 00:57:56,980
DATES ORDERS AND I HAD TO THINK

1628
00:57:56,980 --> 00:57:58,348
A LOT ABOUT WHAT PRIVACY MEANS

1629
00:57:58,348 --> 00:58:00,217
IN THOSE CONTEXTS. I WAS

1630
00:58:00,217 --> 00:58:01,518
SURPRISED BY HOW MANY LETTER

1631
00:58:01,518 --> 00:58:04,154
COLLECTIONS I FOUND IN DOCTORS'

1632
00:58:04,154 --> 00:58:06,456
ARCHIVES ACTIVIST ARCHIVES WHICH

1633
00:58:06,456 --> 00:58:08,024
PEOPLE USUALLY WOMEN WOULD SEND

1634
00:58:08,024 --> 00:58:09,493
IN PHOTOGRAPHS OF THEMSELVES

1635
00:58:09,493 --> 00:58:11,528
DURING AND AFTER EATING

1636
00:58:11,528 --> 00:58:12,362
DISORDERS OR DURING EALING

1637
00:58:12,362 --> 00:58:14,264
DISORDERS DEPICTING THEIR BODY

1638
00:58:14,264 --> 00:58:15,866
AND WANTING TO SHARE THAT WITH

1639
00:58:15,866 --> 00:58:17,234
THEIR PRACTITIONERS.  SO MY

1640
00:58:17,234 --> 00:58:19,436
GENERAL SENSE I'M NOT

1641
00:58:19,436 --> 00:58:20,303
REPRODUCING THOSE KINDS OF

1642
00:58:20,303 --> 00:58:21,338
INFORMATION BUT LOOKING AT THEM

1643
00:58:21,338 --> 00:58:22,672
AS SOURCES FOR THINKING ABOUT

1644
00:58:22,672 --> 00:58:25,142
HOW PEOPLE WERE GRAPPLING WITH

1645
00:58:25,142 --> 00:58:26,676
THESE ISSUES.  IN SOME SENSE

1646
00:58:26,676 --> 00:58:28,145
THAT IS HOW I'M DEALING WITH

1647
00:58:28,145 --> 00:58:31,381
THOSE QUESTIONS OF PRIVACY. AT

1648
00:58:31,381 --> 00:58:33,617
THIS POINT HIPAA ITSELF IN A

1649
00:58:33,617 --> 00:58:34,851
LITERAL SENSE IS NOT SOMETHING

1650
00:58:34,851 --> 00:58:36,253
I'M CONFRONTED WITH.

1651
00:58:36,253 --> 00:58:40,023
>> THANK YOU. CAN YOU SEEK
MORE

1652
00:58:40,023 --> 00:58:41,625
ABOUT -- SPEAK MORE ABOUT THE

1653
00:58:41,625 --> 00:58:43,660
HISTORY OF POLICIES TO REMOVE

1654
00:58:43,660 --> 00:58:45,328
STUDENTS WITH EATING DISORDERS

1655
00:58:45,328 --> 00:58:50,767
FROM COLLEGE CAMPUSES?

1656
00:58:50,767 --> 00:58:52,769
>> I GUESS IN SOME SENSE
NO, I

1657
00:58:52,769 --> 00:58:54,437
CAN'T. THIS WHOLE INTEREST IN

1658
00:58:54,437 --> 00:58:56,773
THE ADMINISTERED ASPECT OF HOW

1659
00:58:56,773 --> 00:58:58,508
UNIVERSITIES DEALT WE'LLING

1660
00:58:58,508 --> 00:59:00,911
DISORDERS I -- EATING DISORDERS

1661
00:59:00,911 --> 00:59:02,379
WAS FASCINATING AND UNEXPECTED

1662
00:59:02,379 --> 00:59:03,346
AVENUE OF RESEARCH FOR ME. THIS

1663
00:59:03,346 --> 00:59:05,148
WAS DUE TO WORK WITH STUDENTS

1664
00:59:05,148 --> 00:59:07,083
INTERNS AND I JUST SORT OF

1665
00:59:07,083 --> 00:59:08,084
RANDOMLY THOUGHT I WOULD WRITE

1666
00:59:08,084 --> 00:59:10,820
TO COLLEGES AND ASK FOR

1667
00:59:10,820 --> 00:59:12,289
MATERIAL. WHAT I WAS

1668
00:59:12,289 --> 00:59:13,790
ANTICIPATING WAS SORT OF

1669
00:59:13,790 --> 00:59:14,891
EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS BUT WHAT I

1670
00:59:14,891 --> 00:59:17,694
DIDN'T EXPECT WAS ALL THE

1671
00:59:17,694 --> 00:59:18,762
ADMINISTRATIVE MATERIALS THERE.

1672
00:59:18,762 --> 00:59:20,730
THE BUREAUCRATIC RECORDS HOW

1673
00:59:20,730 --> 00:59:21,932
CAMPUSES DEALT WITH THIS NEW

1674
00:59:21,932 --> 00:59:25,435
CRISIS. AND I FOUND THAT

1675
00:59:25,435 --> 00:59:28,004
FASCINATING. ALL I CAN -- SO I

1676
00:59:28,004 --> 00:59:29,272
AM NOT -- THIS IS NOT A

1677
00:59:29,272 --> 00:59:31,441
SYSTEMATIC SURVEY OF EVERY

1678
00:59:31,441 --> 00:59:33,476
SCHOOL IN THE U.S. OBVIOUSLY. I

1679
00:59:33,476 --> 00:59:34,911
REACHED OUT QUITE A FEW, I THINK

1680
00:59:34,911 --> 00:59:38,114
MY LIST IS MAYBE 150 COLLEGES

1681
00:59:38,114 --> 00:59:40,450
UNIVERSITIES BUT REALLY JUST A

1682
00:59:40,450 --> 00:59:42,118
DROP IN THE BUCKET. ANOTHER

1683
00:59:42,118 --> 00:59:44,221
THING THAT IS INTERESTING TO ME

1684
00:59:44,221 --> 00:59:46,056
IS IT WAS NOT PREDICTABLE WHICH

1685
00:59:46,056 --> 00:59:46,856
SCHOOLS WOULD HAVE MATERIAL FOR

1686
00:59:46,856 --> 00:59:50,860
ME. SO IT IS NOT LIKE WEST COAST

1687
00:59:50,860 --> 00:59:52,262
SCHOOLS DID OR EAST COAST

1688
00:59:52,262 --> 00:59:54,097
SCHOOLS DID, THERE IS NO

1689
00:59:54,097 --> 00:59:55,932
PATTERN. MY SENSE IS IT IS

1690
00:59:55,932 --> 00:59:58,368
REALLY DUE TO INDIVIDUAL

1691
00:59:58,368 --> 00:59:58,868
INSTITUTIONS, INDIVIDUAL

1692
00:59:58,868 --> 00:59:59,769
INSTITUTIONS SO IF THERE IS

1693
00:59:59,769 --> 01:00:00,971
SOMEBODY THERE WHO WANTS TO DO

1694
01:00:00,971 --> 01:00:03,540
SOMETHING THEY WILL. OTHER TIMES

1695
01:00:03,540 --> 01:00:05,875
JUST NOT ARCHIVED. IT IS A VERY

1696
01:00:05,875 --> 01:00:08,245
PATCH WORK BUT EXTENSIVE QUILT

1697
01:00:08,245 --> 01:00:10,814
OF WHAT YOU CAN FIND ABOUT

1698
01:00:10,814 --> 01:00:12,482
ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS AND WHAT

1699
01:00:12,482 --> 01:00:14,918
THEY DID. WHAT YOU CAN CERTAINLY

1700
01:00:14,918 --> 01:00:15,852
SEE IS THAT THERE ARE

1701
01:00:15,852 --> 01:00:17,554
CONVERSATIONS GOING ON AT THIS

1702
01:00:17,554 --> 01:00:19,389
TIME, WHEN ALL OF A SUDDEN

1703
01:00:19,389 --> 01:00:21,091
ADMINISTRATION SAYS WE NEED TO

1704
01:00:21,091 --> 01:00:23,260
DEVELOP POLICIES FOR THESE

1705
01:00:23,260 --> 01:00:24,995
ILLNESSES. SO IT IS LIKE THERE

1706
01:00:24,995 --> 01:00:27,330
ISN'T -- AND AGAIN, ONE MY SENSE

1707
01:00:27,330 --> 01:00:31,034
IS EATING DISORDERS PLAY AD

1708
01:00:31,034 --> 01:00:32,569
CENTRAL ROLE IN UNIVERSE OR

1709
01:00:32,569 --> 01:00:34,804
COLLEGE MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES

1710
01:00:34,804 --> 01:00:36,106
AT LARGE SO THERE WERE NOT

1711
01:00:36,106 --> 01:00:38,575
MENTAL HEALTH POLICIES IN

1712
01:00:38,575 --> 01:00:40,810
GENERAL, RIGHT, ANOREXIA AND

1713
01:00:40,810 --> 01:00:42,045
BULIMIA THAT MADE THE NEED SEEM

1714
01:00:42,045 --> 01:00:43,947
PRESSING TO DEVELOP A WAY TO

1715
01:00:43,947 --> 01:00:46,182
EXPEL A STUDENT DUE TO A MENTAL

1716
01:00:46,182 --> 01:00:49,219
ILLNESS ISSUE. SO THAT I FEEL I

1717
01:00:49,219 --> 01:00:50,820
SUSPECT BUT HOW THE POLICIES

1718
01:00:50,820 --> 01:00:52,289
EVOLVED OR CHANGED OVER TIME I

1719
01:00:52,289 --> 01:00:53,223
CAN'T SAY ANYTHING TO THAT AT

1720
01:00:53,223 --> 01:00:54,357
THIS POINT.

1721
01:00:54,357 --> 01:01:00,797
>> UNDERSTOOD.  SO FROM
THAT

1722
01:01:00,797 --> 01:01:02,299
QUESTION AND YOUR ANSWER TO THAT

1723
01:01:02,299 --> 01:01:04,134
QUESTION TO ANOTHER WHICH IS

1724
01:01:04,134 --> 01:01:06,636
SOURCES. I'M GOING TO READ THIS

1725
01:01:06,636 --> 01:01:09,339
CAREFULLY, IT IS A GREAT

1726
01:01:09,339 --> 01:01:10,907
QUESTION. THIS PERSON WRITES

1727
01:01:10,907 --> 01:01:11,875
THANK YOU FOR THIS GREAT TALK.

1728
01:01:11,875 --> 01:01:13,543
ET CETERA SPECIALLY APPRECIATE

1729
01:01:13,543 --> 01:01:14,944
SEEING THE BROAD RANGE --

1730
01:01:14,944 --> 01:01:16,112
ESPECIALLY APPRECIATE THE BROAD

1731
01:01:16,112 --> 01:01:18,014
RANGE OF RESOURCES AND

1732
01:01:18,014 --> 01:01:19,316
DOCUMENTATION USED IN YOUR

1733
01:01:19,316 --> 01:01:20,684
RESEARCH SO FAR. ONE CAN IMAGINE

1734
01:01:20,684 --> 01:01:22,686
THESE TYPES OF RESOURCES WOULD

1735
01:01:22,686 --> 01:01:25,388
NOW BE DIGITAL AND SHARED

1736
01:01:25,388 --> 01:01:28,091
ONLINE. AS WE GET CLOSER TO THE

1737
01:01:28,091 --> 01:01:30,160
PRESENT, BEYOND THE 20TH

1738
01:01:30,160 --> 01:01:32,929
CENTURY, HAVE YOU CONSIDERED

1739
01:01:32,929 --> 01:01:34,597
WEBSITES OR BLOGS OR SOCIAL

1740
01:01:34,597 --> 01:01:38,868
MEDIA AS HISTORICAL RESOURCES

1741
01:01:38,868 --> 01:01:42,772
FOR UNDERSTANDING HOW PEOPLE AND

1742
01:01:42,772 --> 01:01:44,074
ORGANIZATIONS REPRESENT

1743
01:01:44,074 --> 01:01:45,008
COMMUNICATE AND SHARE

1744
01:01:45,008 --> 01:01:46,443
EXPERIENCES AS WELL AS PROVIDE

1745
01:01:46,443 --> 01:01:47,777
SUPPORT AND BUILD AWARENESS OF

1746
01:01:47,777 --> 01:01:50,347
EATING DISORDERS? THIS PERSON

1747
01:01:50,347 --> 01:01:52,115
POINTS OUT THAT NATIONAL LIBRARY

1748
01:01:52,115 --> 01:01:53,883
OF MEDICINE ITSELF AS ARCHIVE OF

1749
01:01:53,883 --> 01:01:56,886
HEALTH AND MEDICINE BLOGS AS

1750
01:01:56,886 --> 01:01:59,989
PART OF ITS OVERARCHING ARCHIVE

1751
01:01:59,989 --> 01:02:03,193
INITIATIVE. UNDERSTANDING THE

1752
01:02:03,193 --> 01:02:05,295
TIME FRAME OF YOUR WORK, COULD

1753
01:02:05,295 --> 01:02:08,098
YOU SPEAK TO THIS QUESTION?

1754
01:02:08,098 --> 01:02:09,632
>> ABSOLUTELY, IT IS A
GREAT

1755
01:02:09,632 --> 01:02:10,567
QUESTION AND SOMETHING I THINK

1756
01:02:10,567 --> 01:02:12,302
ABOUT A LOT.  I ALSO THINK ABOUT

1757
01:02:12,302 --> 01:02:13,770
AS A TEACHER BECAUSE OF COURSE

1758
01:02:13,770 --> 01:02:15,672
WHEN I TALK ABOUT EATING

1759
01:02:15,672 --> 01:02:16,740
DISORDERS YOUNG PEOPLE TODAY

1760
01:02:16,740 --> 01:02:17,874
THERE IS AN AUTOMATIC

1761
01:02:17,874 --> 01:02:18,975
ASSOCIATION WITH THE DIGITAL

1762
01:02:18,975 --> 01:02:20,310
WORLD WITH SOCIAL MEDIA. THOSE

1763
01:02:20,310 --> 01:02:22,145
THINGS ARE SO INTIMATELY

1764
01:02:22,145 --> 01:02:24,180
INTERTWINED THAT ASSUMED TO BE

1765
01:02:24,180 --> 01:02:27,050
SO INTERTWINED THAT TODAY WE

1766
01:02:27,050 --> 01:02:28,618
THINK ABOUT EATING DISORDERS TO

1767
01:02:28,618 --> 01:02:30,286
INTERNET AND SOCIAL MEDIA. BUT

1768
01:02:30,286 --> 01:02:31,988
WHAT IS INTERESTING TO ME IS

1769
01:02:31,988 --> 01:02:34,090
THAT IN 70s AND '80s THESE

1770
01:02:34,090 --> 01:02:35,692
WERE AUTOMATICALLY LINKED TO

1771
01:02:35,692 --> 01:02:39,729
MEDIA OF A DIFFERENT KIND. THEY

1772
01:02:39,729 --> 01:02:42,298
RELATED TO MASS POP CULTURE. IN

1773
01:02:42,298 --> 01:02:43,600
SOME SENSE WHAT IS INTERESTING

1774
01:02:43,600 --> 01:02:47,103
IS SEEMS NEW TODAY, THIS NEWNESS

1775
01:02:47,103 --> 01:02:48,772
OF INTERNET AT THIS COURSE, THE

1776
01:02:48,772 --> 01:02:50,306
NEWNESS THAT SOCIAL MEDIA

1777
01:02:50,306 --> 01:02:53,109
DISCOURSE IN FACT EXISTED IN THE

1778
01:02:53,109 --> 01:02:55,812
80s AND '90s BEFORE THE

1779
01:02:55,812 --> 01:02:58,481
DIGITIZATION AGE. SO THAT IS

1780
01:02:58,481 --> 01:03:00,917
THAT. I'M PARTICULARLY -- I SORT

1781
01:03:00,917 --> 01:03:02,852
OF CUT MY PROJECT OFF AROUND

1782
01:03:02,852 --> 01:03:04,454
2000 PARTIALLY TO AVOID THAT

1783
01:03:04,454 --> 01:03:08,024
ISSUE. THAT IS A KEY CHANGE IN

1784
01:03:08,024 --> 01:03:10,326
SORE SPACE AND I WANTED TO LIVE

1785
01:03:10,326 --> 01:03:13,530
MY OWN SOURCE BASES TO GENRE. SO

1786
01:03:13,530 --> 01:03:15,098
MATERIAL OBJECTS IN SOME WAY.

1787
01:03:15,098 --> 01:03:17,300
WHAT IS IMPORTANT ABOUT THIS

1788
01:03:17,300 --> 01:03:18,401
TRANSITIONAL POINT OF 2000 IS

1789
01:03:18,401 --> 01:03:20,470
RISE OF INTERNET WAS KEY TO A

1790
01:03:20,470 --> 01:03:21,471
NEW CONVERSATION ABOUT WHAT IS

1791
01:03:21,471 --> 01:03:26,009
USUALLY CALLED THE PROANNA

1792
01:03:26,009 --> 01:03:26,609
MOVEMENT WHICH WAS SPECIFIC TO

1793
01:03:26,609 --> 01:03:28,178
THE INTERNET AND STILL IS AN

1794
01:03:28,178 --> 01:03:30,447
ISSUE TODAY, AND THESE ARE

1795
01:03:30,447 --> 01:03:32,482
INTERNET SITES AND SUPPORT

1796
01:03:32,482 --> 01:03:33,283
GROUPS THAT PRESENT ANOREXIA IN

1797
01:03:33,283 --> 01:03:35,185
A POSITIVE LIGHT AND THAT ARE

1798
01:03:35,185 --> 01:03:38,188
SEEN AS SUPPORTING OR

1799
01:03:38,188 --> 01:03:40,657
ENCOURAGING GIRLS -- PEOPLE TO

1800
01:03:40,657 --> 01:03:42,425
DEVELOP ANOREXIA. AGAIN, THE

1801
01:03:42,425 --> 01:03:43,159
CONVERSATION AROUND THAT WAS

1802
01:03:43,159 --> 01:03:46,162
VERY MUCH ABOUT THIS FEAR OF CON

1803
01:03:46,162 --> 01:03:49,999
DAY GENERAL. MEDIA CONSUMPTION

1804
01:03:49,999 --> 01:03:51,801
ESPECIALLY YOUNG WOMEN, GIRLS

1805
01:03:51,801 --> 01:04:00,210
ARE VULNERABLE TO CONTAGION TO

1806
01:04:00,210 --> 01:04:00,877
GIRLSES BECAUSE OF THESE MEDIA,

1807
01:04:00,877 --> 01:04:02,612
IT WAS A POWERFUL CONVERSATION

1808
01:04:02,612 --> 01:04:04,214
BUT DOES LINK TO CONVERSATIONS

1809
01:04:04,214 --> 01:04:06,082
THAT HILDA BROOK WAS HAVING, SHE

1810
01:04:06,082 --> 01:04:07,150
WAS CONCERN ABOUT THE ARTICLES

1811
01:04:07,150 --> 01:04:09,018
AND MAGAZINES THAT GIRLS WERE

1812
01:04:09,018 --> 01:04:11,454
READING IN TEEN AND 17, AND

1813
01:04:11,454 --> 01:04:13,089
WORRIED THAT GIRLS WOULD LEARN

1814
01:04:13,089 --> 01:04:14,924
ABOUT ANOREXIA FROM READING

1815
01:04:14,924 --> 01:04:16,259
THESE ARTICLES, ONE THING I

1816
01:04:16,259 --> 01:04:18,828
DIDN'T MENTION ABOUT THE BULIMIA

1817
01:04:18,828 --> 01:04:20,163
CONFERENCE THAT WAS REFERENCED

1818
01:04:20,163 --> 01:04:21,531
CONSTANTLY IN THE MEDIA WAS THE

1819
01:04:21,531 --> 01:04:23,166
IDEA THAT THE PROBLEM WAS

1820
01:04:23,166 --> 01:04:25,134
DORMITORIES AND SORORITY HOUSES

1821
01:04:25,134 --> 01:04:26,336
WHERE ALL THESE GIRLS WERE

1822
01:04:26,336 --> 01:04:27,403
TOGETHER AND THEY WOULD TALK THE

1823
01:04:27,403 --> 01:04:29,572
EACH OTHER AND LITERALLY TEACH

1824
01:04:29,572 --> 01:04:32,041
ONE ANOTHER HOW TO PURGE. SO

1825
01:04:32,041 --> 01:04:36,446
THIS IDEA OF FEMALE SOCIOIBILITY

1826
01:04:36,446 --> 01:04:39,516
AND CONTAGION YOU CAN FIND

1827
01:04:39,516 --> 01:04:40,984
ACROSS ALL THESE MEDIA IN SOME

1828
01:04:40,984 --> 01:04:42,685
SENSE SO THAT DOESN'T DIRECTLY

1829
01:04:42,685 --> 01:04:43,786
ANSWER YOUR QUESTION. I'M NOT

1830
01:04:43,786 --> 01:04:45,054
LOOKING INTO THAT BUT I READ AND

1831
01:04:45,054 --> 01:04:46,923
THINK ABOUT IT A LOT.  AND I'M

1832
01:04:46,923 --> 01:04:48,591
NOT ENTIRELY CONVINCED A LOT OF

1833
01:04:48,591 --> 01:04:50,627
STUFF GOING ON NOW IS SO

1834
01:04:50,627 --> 01:04:52,428
DIFFERENT THAN WHAT WAS IN THE

1835
01:04:52,428 --> 01:04:53,329
70s AND 80s.

1836
01:04:53,329 --> 01:04:55,265
>> VERY GOOD, THANK YOU
VERY

1837
01:04:55,265 --> 01:04:59,235
MUCH. PERHAPS AFTER YOU PUBLISH

1838
01:04:59,235 --> 01:05:01,638
YOUR FIRST BOOK, THOSE TOPICS,

1839
01:05:01,638 --> 01:05:04,874
THIS COULD BE A VOLUME 2, NOT TO

1840
01:05:04,874 --> 01:05:06,910
GET AHEAD OF OURSELVES BUT WITH

1841
01:05:06,910 --> 01:05:08,278
ALL RESPECT BECAUSE OF RICHN 'T

1842
01:05:08,278 --> 01:05:11,548
OF TOPIC AND EVERYTHING THAT YOU

1843
01:05:11,548 --> 01:05:14,484
SHARED AND WHAT YOU ARE FURTHER

1844
01:05:14,484 --> 01:05:16,886
UNPACKING. ANOTHER QUESTION WE

1845
01:05:16,886 --> 01:05:19,289
RECEIVED THE SORRIES YOU TOLD

1846
01:05:19,289 --> 01:05:20,757
TODAY WERE ABOUT UNITED STATES.

1847
01:05:20,757 --> 01:05:22,158
-- STORIES WERE ABOUT UNITED

1848
01:05:22,158 --> 01:05:23,560
STATES BUT YOU MENTIONED YOUR

1849
01:05:23,560 --> 01:05:27,363
PROJECT IS GLOBAL. WHY DOES

1850
01:05:27,363 --> 01:05:28,831
TELLING THIS AS GLOBAL STORY

1851
01:05:28,831 --> 01:05:31,668
MATTER? AND CAN YOU DISCUSS HOW

1852
01:05:31,668 --> 01:05:33,436
HISTORY OF EATING DISORDER

1853
01:05:33,436 --> 01:05:34,370
DEVELOPED IN OTHER COUNTRIES

1854
01:05:34,370 --> 01:05:35,605
BRIEFLY AND SIMILARITIES AN

1855
01:05:35,605 --> 01:05:37,173
DIFFERENCES THE STORIES YOU TOLD

1856
01:05:37,173 --> 01:05:37,774
ABOUT THE UNITED STATES

1857
01:05:37,774 --> 01:05:39,576
SPECIFICALLY?

1858
01:05:39,576 --> 01:05:41,144
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. SO
ONE

1859
01:05:41,144 --> 01:05:42,412
OF THE THINGS THAT WAS MOST

1860
01:05:42,412 --> 01:05:44,681
IMPORTANT FOR ME, I'M A EUROPEAN

1861
01:05:44,681 --> 01:05:46,015
HISTORIAN, BY TRAINING NOT AN

1862
01:05:46,015 --> 01:05:47,884
AMERICANIST SO I ACTUALLY BEGAN

1863
01:05:47,884 --> 01:05:49,419
THIS PROJECT AS A GERMAN

1864
01:05:49,419 --> 01:05:50,787
HISTORIAN WORKING WITH GERMAN

1865
01:05:50,787 --> 01:05:53,690
AND BRITISH ARCHIVES. THAT'S

1866
01:05:53,690 --> 01:05:54,757
PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT IN THE

1867
01:05:54,757 --> 01:05:56,726
CHASE OF ANOREXIA AND EATING

1868
01:05:56,726 --> 01:05:58,795
DISORDERS MORE GENERALLY BECAUSE

1869
01:05:58,795 --> 01:06:01,564
THEY ARE OFTEN FRAMED OR SORT OF

1870
01:06:01,564 --> 01:06:02,732
IMAGINED AS BEING AMERICAN

1871
01:06:02,732 --> 01:06:04,567
DISEASES.  EVEN OUTSIDE OF THE

1872
01:06:04,567 --> 01:06:06,402
U.S., THEY ARE OFTEN -- OFTEN

1873
01:06:06,402 --> 01:06:10,306
HAVE BEEN IMAGINED AS SORT OF AN

1874
01:06:10,306 --> 01:06:14,711
AMERICANIZING DISEASE ASIDE OF

1875
01:06:14,711 --> 01:06:16,446
AMERICANIZATION I MYSELF ASSUMED

1876
01:06:16,446 --> 01:06:18,381
ANOREXIA FIRST EMERGED THE THE

1877
01:06:18,381 --> 01:06:20,149
U.S. AND THEN SPREAD OUT. BUT IN

1878
01:06:20,149 --> 01:06:22,251
FACT THAT IS NOT THE CASE. IN

1879
01:06:22,251 --> 01:06:24,687
FACT, THE NARRATIVE ANOREXIA IS

1880
01:06:24,687 --> 01:06:26,889
NOT BY NO MEANS AMERICAN. EVEN

1881
01:06:26,889 --> 01:06:28,291
WHEN LOOKING AT THE MEDICAL

1882
01:06:28,291 --> 01:06:30,126
NETWORK OF EXPERTS WHO WERE

1883
01:06:30,126 --> 01:06:32,795
TREATING AND DIAGNOSING ANOREXIA

1884
01:06:32,795 --> 01:06:34,797
FROM THE 19TH CENTURY ONWARD IT

1885
01:06:34,797 --> 01:06:37,033
HAS NEVER BEEN A PRIMARILY

1886
01:06:37,033 --> 01:06:38,301
AMERICAN AFFLICTION. THAT IS

1887
01:06:38,301 --> 01:06:40,036
SOMETHING THAT CHANGES HOW WE

1888
01:06:40,036 --> 01:06:41,704
UNDERSTAND ANOREXIA BUT ON THE

1889
01:06:41,704 --> 01:06:42,839
OTHER HAND ALSO AN OBVIOUS ISSUE

1890
01:06:42,839 --> 01:06:43,973
ABOUT THINKING THE HISTORY OF

1891
01:06:43,973 --> 01:06:48,845
MEDICINE. WHICH IS OFTEN FOR

1892
01:06:48,845 --> 01:06:49,846
OBVIOUS ARCHIVE REASONS NARRATE

1893
01:06:49,846 --> 01:06:51,314
Z AS IMPLICITLY NATIONAL STORY

1894
01:06:51,314 --> 01:06:53,616
TO LOOK AT HISTORY OF A DISEASE

1895
01:06:53,616 --> 01:06:56,085
IN ONE NATION STATE. ON THE ONE

1896
01:06:56,085 --> 01:06:57,654
HAND THAT MAKES SENSE BUT ALSO

1897
01:06:57,654 --> 01:07:00,790
IMPLIES MEANINGFUL LINKS BETWEEN

1898
01:07:00,790 --> 01:07:02,492
NATION STATE AND THE ILLNESS.

1899
01:07:02,492 --> 01:07:04,060
SOMETIMES THERE ARE BUT IN THE

1900
01:07:04,060 --> 01:07:06,262
CASE OF ANOREXIA OR OTHER EATING

1901
01:07:06,262 --> 01:07:07,230
DISORDERS, I DON'T THINK THAT IS

1902
01:07:07,230 --> 01:07:08,464
THE CASE. SO WHILE EATING

1903
01:07:08,464 --> 01:07:10,066
DISORDERS HAVE THEIR OWN

1904
01:07:10,066 --> 01:07:12,969
PARTICULAR TRAJECTORIES OR AS I

1905
01:07:12,969 --> 01:07:13,569
SAIDOR SAY IN THIS TALK THEIR

1906
01:07:13,569 --> 01:07:15,905
OWN ARCHIVES, THESE ARCHIVES ARE

1907
01:07:15,905 --> 01:07:17,206
EMERGING AROUND THE WORLD AND

1908
01:07:17,206 --> 01:07:20,009
REALLY DISTINCT WAYS. SO JUST TO

1909
01:07:20,009 --> 01:07:22,445
GIVE ONE VERY DIFFERENT EXAMPLE,

1910
01:07:22,445 --> 01:07:25,348
IN ISRAEL HAS A HUGE EPIDEMIC IN

1911
01:07:25,348 --> 01:07:27,016
EATING DISORDERS AT THE SAME

1912
01:07:27,016 --> 01:07:29,185
TIME AND IN FACT ISRAEL I THINK

1913
01:07:29,185 --> 01:07:30,787
TODAY HAS HIGHEST RATE OF ANY

1914
01:07:30,787 --> 01:07:32,655
COUNTRY IN THE WORLD AND

1915
01:07:32,655 --> 01:07:35,024
ANOREXIA IN THE 70s AND 80s

1916
01:07:35,024 --> 01:07:36,993
EATING DISORDERS WERE

1917
01:07:36,993 --> 01:07:38,861
SPECIFICALLY LINK WITH HOLOCAUST

1918
01:07:38,861 --> 01:07:40,063
SURVIVORS, THIS WAS A KEY RISE

1919
01:07:40,063 --> 01:07:41,898
OF EATING DISORDERS IN ISRAEL

1920
01:07:41,898 --> 01:07:45,101
AND AMONG THE JEWISH DECEDENTS

1921
01:07:45,101 --> 01:07:47,303
OF HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS WAS

1922
01:07:47,303 --> 01:07:49,038
PIVOTAL TORR FOR EMERGENCE OF

1923
01:07:49,038 --> 01:07:50,873
THEORY OF INTERGENERATIONAL

1924
01:07:50,873 --> 01:07:53,710
TRAUMA, THE IDEA TRAUMA HANDED

1925
01:07:53,710 --> 01:07:55,278
DOWN FROM SUFFERER TO CHILD AND

1926
01:07:55,278 --> 01:07:57,146
EVEN TO GRANDCHILD. AND THAT

1927
01:07:57,146 --> 01:07:59,115
THIS TRANSMISSION OF TRAUMA

1928
01:07:59,115 --> 01:08:01,918
HAPPENS BY VIA EATING DISORDERS.

1929
01:08:01,918 --> 01:08:03,586
SO THIS IS A TOTALLY DIFFERENT

1930
01:08:03,586 --> 01:08:06,022
WAY OF CONCEPTUALIZING EATING

1931
01:08:06,022 --> 01:08:07,890
DISORDERS THAN THE GOLDEN CAGE

1932
01:08:07,890 --> 01:08:13,329
FOR EXAMPLE. AND AGAIN THE STORY

1933
01:08:13,329 --> 01:08:15,998
IN GERMANY AND GREAT BRITAIN IS

1934
01:08:15,998 --> 01:08:17,633
DIFFERENT AS WELL. THAT IS WHAT

1935
01:08:17,633 --> 01:08:20,002
I'M THREING TO DO, I'M NOT GOING

1936
01:08:20,002 --> 01:08:22,205
TO BE COMPREHENSIVE IN COVERAGE

1937
01:08:22,205 --> 01:08:24,040
BUT POINT IS THESE AFFLICTIONS

1938
01:08:24,040 --> 01:08:25,575
HAVE A MULTITUDE OF STORIES AND

1939
01:08:25,575 --> 01:08:26,909
I DON'T WANT TO PUSH AGAINST

1940
01:08:26,909 --> 01:08:29,445
THIS IDEA OF THERE BEING ONE

1941
01:08:29,445 --> 01:08:31,781
NORM AND THEN THE IMITATIONS OF

1942
01:08:31,781 --> 01:08:32,882
THAT NORM.

1943
01:08:32,882 --> 01:08:37,253
>> THANK YOU. ANOTHER
DIMENSION

1944
01:08:37,253 --> 01:08:43,159
OF THE STORY CERTAINLY BE GRACE.

1945
01:08:43,159 --> 01:08:45,928
ANOTHER QUESTION RECEIVED IS

1946
01:08:45,928 --> 01:08:50,266
OBSERVING YOU BRIEFLY MENTIONED

1947
01:08:50,266 --> 01:08:52,802
HBCUs IN YOUR TALK. CAN YOU

1948
01:08:52,802 --> 01:08:54,437
DISCUSS HERE A LITTLE BIT HOW

1949
01:08:54,437 --> 01:08:57,006
RACE IS PART OF YOUR STORY?

1950
01:08:57,006 --> 01:09:00,676
>> ABSOLUTELY. SO VERY

1951
01:09:00,676 --> 01:09:02,345
GENERALLY, DISORDERED EATING IS

1952
01:09:02,345 --> 01:09:03,880
MY TOPIC OF RESEARCH SO I TO

1953
01:09:03,880 --> 01:09:05,014
OUTS CANNED ON ANOREXIA AND THEN

1954
01:09:05,014 --> 01:09:07,450
TO A LESSER EXTEND BULIMIA. BUT

1955
01:09:07,450 --> 01:09:10,553
I'M ALSO VERY INTERESTED IN

1956
01:09:10,553 --> 01:09:12,455
BINGE EATING. SO FROM THE

1957
01:09:12,455 --> 01:09:15,491
1970s ONWARD, THERE WAS A VERY

1958
01:09:15,491 --> 01:09:17,193
CLEAR RACIALIZATION OF THESE

1959
01:09:17,193 --> 01:09:18,828
DISEASES IN WHICH ANOREXIA WAS

1960
01:09:18,828 --> 01:09:21,364
AFFILIATED WITH WHITENESS AND

1961
01:09:21,364 --> 01:09:23,299
OVEREATING OR BINGE EATING WAS

1962
01:09:23,299 --> 01:09:24,400
AFFILIATED WITH NON-WHITENESS.

1963
01:09:24,400 --> 01:09:27,003
SO IN THE U.S. IT WAS PRIMARILY

1964
01:09:27,003 --> 01:09:28,371
LINKED WITH AFRICAN AMERICANS

1965
01:09:28,371 --> 01:09:29,806
BUT OTHER COUNTRIES IT WAS LINK

1966
01:09:29,806 --> 01:09:32,041
WITH OTHER POPULATIONS, SO FOR

1967
01:09:32,041 --> 01:09:35,044
EXAMPLE IN BRITAIN IT WAS

1968
01:09:35,044 --> 01:09:37,647
ESPECIALLY LINKED -- THERE WAS

1969
01:09:37,647 --> 01:09:38,681
CONVERSATIONS AROUND SOUTHEAST

1970
01:09:38,681 --> 01:09:40,650
ASIAN IMMIGRANTS AND GERMANY

1971
01:09:40,650 --> 01:09:42,552
CONCERN AROUND TURKS SO IT

1972
01:09:42,552 --> 01:09:45,154
BECOMES, THESE AFFLICTIONS ARE

1973
01:09:45,154 --> 01:09:46,622
RACIALIZED BODIES THOUGH THE

1974
01:09:46,622 --> 01:09:50,092
RACE OF THE BODIES THEMSELVES IS

1975
01:09:50,092 --> 01:09:51,794
DISTINCT DEPENDING ON CONTEXT.

1976
01:09:51,794 --> 01:09:54,630
IN H THE CONTEXT OF AFRICAN

1977
01:09:54,630 --> 01:09:56,399
AMERICANS OR IN THE CONTEXT OF

1978
01:09:56,399 --> 01:09:57,300
U.S., THIS IS A CONVERSATION

1979
01:09:57,300 --> 01:09:59,969
MANY ARE FAMILIAR WITH, THERE IS

1980
01:09:59,969 --> 01:10:01,237
BEEN RECENT WILL I A GREAT DEAL

1981
01:10:01,237 --> 01:10:02,438
OF PUSH BACK AGAINST THE IDEA

1982
01:10:02,438 --> 01:10:06,576
THAT EATING DISORDERS ARE WHITE

1983
01:10:06,576 --> 01:10:09,645
AND FEMALE. THAT PUSH BACK WAS

1984
01:10:09,645 --> 01:10:12,248
TAKING PLACE IN THE 1970s,

1985
01:10:12,248 --> 01:10:13,850
THERE WAS DATA ALWAYS THAT

1986
01:10:13,850 --> 01:10:15,384
SHOWED IN FACT THERE WERE PLENTY

1987
01:10:15,384 --> 01:10:17,353
OF BOYS AND MEN WHO HAD EATING

1988
01:10:17,353 --> 01:10:18,754
DISORDERS WHO DEVELOPED ANOREXIA

1989
01:10:18,754 --> 01:10:21,023
AND BULIMIA AND THEREUPON PLENTY

1990
01:10:21,023 --> 01:10:22,358
OF NON-WHITE PEOPLE WITH IN THIS

1991
01:10:22,358 --> 01:10:24,594
DISEASES SO THE DATA WAS THERE,

1992
01:10:24,594 --> 01:10:25,995
AND IT WAS ACKNOWLEDGED SO THERE

1993
01:10:25,995 --> 01:10:28,231
WAS NEVER LIKE A FIGHT OR A

1994
01:10:28,231 --> 01:10:29,599
CONTESTATION OF THAT DATA BUT

1995
01:10:29,599 --> 01:10:31,400
SIMPLY NEVER IMPACTED THE

1996
01:10:31,400 --> 01:10:33,736
NARRATIVE OF THESE ILLNESSES. SO

1997
01:10:33,736 --> 01:10:36,439
I HAD A STUDENT FOR EXAMPLE WHO

1998
01:10:36,439 --> 01:10:39,876
WAS INTERESTED IN TRYING TO

1999
01:10:39,876 --> 01:10:41,611
TRACE THE WAYS EATING DISORDERS

2000
01:10:41,611 --> 01:10:43,646
WERE STUDIED AMONG NON-WHITE

2001
01:10:43,646 --> 01:10:45,648
POPULATIONS IN THE US.  AND SHE

2002
01:10:45,648 --> 01:10:46,883
WAS GATHERING ARTICLES THAT

2003
01:10:46,883 --> 01:10:49,752
STARTED TO STUDY THIS. THERE WAS

2004
01:10:49,752 --> 01:10:51,621
ONE WIDELY CITED ARTICLE THAT

2005
01:10:51,621 --> 01:10:54,323
WAS TITLED RATES OF EATING

2006
01:10:54,323 --> 01:10:56,158
DISORDERS AMONG ASIAN

2007
01:10:56,158 --> 01:10:58,227
IMMIGRANTS, HISPANIC IMMIGRANTS

2008
01:10:58,227 --> 01:10:59,795
AND AFRICAN AMERICANS. THEN THE

2009
01:10:59,795 --> 01:11:01,898
OPENING PARAGRAPH IT SAID

2010
01:11:01,898 --> 01:11:02,899
UNFORTUNATELY THE DATA WE

2011
01:11:02,899 --> 01:11:04,333
GATHERED FROM AFRICAN AMERICANS

2012
01:11:04,333 --> 01:11:06,369
DID NOT SUPPORT OUR HYPOTHESIS.

2013
01:11:06,369 --> 01:11:08,671
SO WE HAVE NOT INCLUDED THE DATA

2014
01:11:08,671 --> 01:11:11,540
IN OUR ARGUMENT. BUT THE ARTICLE

2015
01:11:11,540 --> 01:11:13,175
GOES ON TO MAKE STATEMENTS ABOUT

2016
01:11:13,175 --> 01:11:15,645
EATING DISORDERS WITHIN AFRICAN

2017
01:11:15,645 --> 01:11:17,046
AMERICANS COMMUNITIES.  SO THE

2018
01:11:17,046 --> 01:11:18,180
MEDICAL CONVERSATION HOW RACE

2019
01:11:18,180 --> 01:11:20,983
INTERSECTS WITH EATING DISORDERS

2020
01:11:20,983 --> 01:11:23,185
IS DEEPLY TROUBLED BUT HAS

2021
01:11:23,185 --> 01:11:25,888
CONTINUED TO -- IT WAS HAPPENING

2022
01:11:25,888 --> 01:11:28,925
THROUGHOUT THIS ERA. THAT IS

2023
01:11:28,925 --> 01:11:30,927
SOMETHING TRYING TO PHRASE. WHY

2024
01:11:30,927 --> 01:11:33,029
IS RACE LINKED WITH CATEGORIES

2025
01:11:33,029 --> 01:11:34,630
AND HOW HAS IT BEEN NEGOTIATED.

2026
01:11:34,630 --> 01:11:38,034
>> THANK YOU. LET'S TAKE
ONE

2027
01:11:38,034 --> 01:11:39,635
MORE QUESTION. LET'S FOLLOW ON

2028
01:11:39,635 --> 01:11:42,204
YOUR ANSWER TO THE LAST ONE. CAN

2029
01:11:42,204 --> 01:11:44,974
YOU TALK ABOUT THE KNOWLEDGE WE

2030
01:11:44,974 --> 01:11:46,943
CERTAINLY HAVE EATING DISORDERS

2031
01:11:46,943 --> 01:11:49,412
AS YOU SAY WIDESPREAD AMONG MEN,

2032
01:11:49,412 --> 01:11:53,049
AS WELL AS TRANSAND NON-BINARY?

2033
01:11:53,049 --> 01:11:57,119
CAN YOU SAY MORE ABOUT THE

2034
01:11:57,119 --> 01:11:59,422
POPULATIONS AND HOW THIS FACT AS

2035
01:11:59,422 --> 01:12:00,923
WELL RELATES TO STORIES THAT YOU

2036
01:12:00,923 --> 01:12:02,491
TOLD TODAY. 

2037
01:12:02,491 --> 01:12:05,928
>> THIS SOMETHING I'M
REALLY

2038
01:12:05,928 --> 01:12:07,930
INTERESTED IN, SO DISCURSIVELY

2039
01:12:07,930 --> 01:12:10,466
EATING DISORDERS ARE PROFOUNDLY

2040
01:12:10,466 --> 01:12:12,935
GENDERED CATEGORY. THAT IS NOT I

2041
01:12:12,935 --> 01:12:15,471
THINK LINKED TO THE SPECIFIC

2042
01:12:15,471 --> 01:12:19,675
DISORDERS BUT TO THE WAYS GENDER

2043
01:12:19,675 --> 01:12:21,877
-- WHICH FOOD CONSUMPTION AND

2044
01:12:21,877 --> 01:12:23,045
PRODUCTION HAS BEEN PROFOUNDLY

2045
01:12:23,045 --> 01:12:24,947
GENDERDFROM THE MODERN WORLD. SO

2046
01:12:24,947 --> 01:12:27,249
THAT THIS IDEA THAT WOMEN'S

2047
01:12:27,249 --> 01:12:29,251
CONSUMPTION OF FOOD IS A SOURCE

2048
01:12:29,251 --> 01:12:30,886
OF PATHOLOGY, IS REALLY DEEPLY

2049
01:12:30,886 --> 01:12:33,789
EMBEDDED IN OUR SOCIE SOCIETY. D

2050
01:12:33,789 --> 01:12:34,724
IN SOCIETIES AROUND THE WORLD.

2051
01:12:34,724 --> 01:12:38,694
THIS IS A CLASSIC 20 -- 19TH AND

2052
01:12:38,694 --> 01:12:41,430
20TH CENTURY IDEA. SO WITHIN

2053
01:12:41,430 --> 01:12:44,166
THAT CONVERSATION, THERE IS NOT

2054
01:12:44,166 --> 01:12:45,868
REALLY SPACE FOR MALE PATHOLOGY,

2055
01:12:45,868 --> 01:12:47,870
THAT IS TO SAY FEMALE APPETITES

2056
01:12:47,870 --> 01:12:50,473
ARE INHERENTLY TROUBLING, IF

2057
01:12:50,473 --> 01:12:51,907
WOMEN EAT TOO MUCH OR TOO

2058
01:12:51,907 --> 01:12:53,776
LITTLE. MEN MIGHT EACH TOO MUCH

2059
01:12:53,776 --> 01:12:57,513
OR TOO LITTLE BUT DOESN'T POSE A

2060
01:12:57,513 --> 01:12:58,748
DILEMMA THE SAME WAY. SO THAT'S

2061
01:12:58,748 --> 01:13:01,517
SOMETHING I'M TRYING TO UNPACK

2062
01:13:01,517 --> 01:13:04,387
AND HEAR. ANOTHER ASPECT OF ONE

2063
01:13:04,387 --> 01:13:05,755
ASPECT OF THAT I FOUND

2064
01:13:05,755 --> 01:13:07,289
PARTICULARLY INTEREST INTERESTIN

2065
01:13:07,289 --> 01:13:09,091
MEN WERE TALKED ABOUT IN

2066
01:13:09,091 --> 01:13:10,559
RELATIONSHIP TO EATING

2067
01:13:10,559 --> 01:13:11,660
DISORDERS, THEY WERE ALMOST

2068
01:13:11,660 --> 01:13:15,331
ALWAYS GAY. SO ALMOST ALWAYS GAY

2069
01:13:15,331 --> 01:13:17,466
OR BISEXUAL. THEIR SEXUALITY WAS

2070
01:13:17,466 --> 01:13:19,068
SEEN AS BEING IMPLICITLY CENTRAL

2071
01:13:19,068 --> 01:13:21,070
TO THEIR EATING DISORDER SO THEY

2072
01:13:21,070 --> 01:13:23,873
ARE KIND OF OTHERRED OR PERVERSE

2073
01:13:23,873 --> 01:13:25,808
SEXUAL DESIRES WAS THE SORT OF

2074
01:13:25,808 --> 01:13:29,545
PATHWAY OR GATEWAY TO THEM

2075
01:13:29,545 --> 01:13:31,013
DEVELOPING THESE FEMINIZED

2076
01:13:31,013 --> 01:13:32,181
ILLNESSES. THAT WAS ALWAYS

2077
01:13:32,181 --> 01:13:33,616
STATED THAT GAY MEN HAVE MORE

2078
01:13:33,616 --> 01:13:35,718
EATK DISORDERED THAN OTHER MEN.

2079
01:13:35,718 --> 01:13:37,386
WITH SORT OF ASSUMPTION THAT WAS

2080
01:13:37,386 --> 01:13:41,323
OBVIOUS BECAUSE OF THEIR

2081
01:13:41,323 --> 01:13:42,925
PERVERSE SEXUAL DESIRES THEY

2082
01:13:42,925 --> 01:13:44,460
HAVE DISORDERED EATK HABITS BUT

2083
01:13:44,460 --> 01:13:46,295
OF COURSE THAT DOESN'T SEEM TO

2084
01:13:46,295 --> 01:13:47,997
BE ADEQUATE ANSWER SO I'M TRYING

2085
01:13:47,997 --> 01:13:50,099
TO EXPLORE THE WAYS IN WHICH THE

2086
01:13:50,099 --> 01:13:52,101
QUEER COMMUNITY ENGAGE WITH

2087
01:13:52,101 --> 01:13:54,303
EATING DISORDERS FOR EXAMPLE,

2088
01:13:54,303 --> 01:13:57,506
LOOKING AT THERE IS A REALLY

2089
01:13:57,506 --> 01:13:59,341
POWERFUL LESBIAN FAT LIBERATION

2090
01:13:59,341 --> 01:14:01,610
MOVEMENT TRYING TO UNPACK THESE

2091
01:14:01,610 --> 01:14:03,012
CATEGORIES BETWEEN QUEERNESS AND

2092
01:14:03,012 --> 01:14:04,780
DISORDERED EATING. THAT'S ONE OF

2093
01:14:04,780 --> 01:14:06,515
THE THING I PARTICULARLY TRY TO

2094
01:14:06,515 --> 01:14:09,018
TRACE IN MY MORE RECENT

2095
01:14:09,018 --> 01:14:09,752
RESEARCH.

2096
01:14:09,752 --> 01:14:11,520
>> THANK YOU FOR THAT.
THANK YOU

2097
01:14:11,520 --> 01:14:14,657
FOR THIS FANTASTIC TALK. IT WAS

2098
01:14:14,657 --> 01:14:16,525
EXCELLENT AND YOUR RESEARCH IS

2099
01:14:16,525 --> 01:14:18,194
EXCELLENT. MY COLLEAGUES AND I

2100
01:14:18,194 --> 01:14:20,429
HERE AT NATIONAL LIBRARY OF

2101
01:14:20,429 --> 01:14:23,799
MEDICINE AND CERTAINLY EVERYONE

2102
01:14:23,799 --> 01:14:24,600
WATCHING WISH YOU CONTINUED

2103
01:14:24,600 --> 01:14:26,602
SUCCESS IN YOUR RESEARCH. PLEASE

2104
01:14:26,602 --> 01:14:29,605
DO REACH BACK TO US AT NATIONAL

2105
01:14:29,605 --> 01:14:32,274
LIBRARY OF MEDICINE THE WE CAN

2106
01:14:32,274 --> 01:14:34,376
BE A RESOURCE AND HISTORY OF

2107
01:14:34,376 --> 01:14:36,479
MEDICINE AND ARCHIVES AND

2108
01:14:36,479 --> 01:14:39,081
LIBRARIES AWAIT YOUR VISITS BOTH

2109
01:14:39,081 --> 01:14:41,951
VIRTUALLY AND PHYSICALLY. DR.

2110
01:14:41,951 --> 01:14:44,553
WEINREB, THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR

2111
01:14:44,553 --> 01:14:46,455
YOUR TALK TODAY FOR SPENDING

2112
01:14:46,455 --> 01:14:50,626
THIS TIME WAS. BEFORE WE LEAVE,

2113
01:14:50,626 --> 01:14:52,862
THANK YOU AGAIN FOR PREPARING, I

2114
01:14:52,862 --> 01:14:55,464
WANT TO REMIND EVERYBODY WHO IS

2115
01:14:55,464 --> 01:14:57,700
WATCHING THE NEXT TALK WHICH IS

2116
01:14:57,700 --> 01:15:02,071
GOING TO BE HELD ON THURSDAY

2117
01:15:02,071 --> 01:15:03,739
APRIL 25TH, (INDISCERNIBLE) A

2118
01:15:03,739 --> 01:15:07,476
NURSE HISTORIAN AND Ph.D.

2119
01:15:07,476 --> 01:15:09,245
CANDIDATE AT (INAUDIBLE) NURSING

2120
01:15:09,245 --> 01:15:11,280
HISTORICAL INQUERY AT SCHOOL OF

2121
01:15:11,280 --> 01:15:14,817
NURSING UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA

2122
01:15:14,817 --> 01:15:16,652
WILL BE JOINING US TO SPEAK ON

2123
01:15:16,652 --> 01:15:18,254
THE SUBJECT UNFIT TO NURSE.

2124
01:15:18,254 --> 01:15:20,556
EFFICIENCY AND DISCIPLINE AT THE

2125
01:15:20,556 --> 01:15:24,326
PHILIPPINE GENERAL HOSPITAL 1989

2126
01:15:24,326 --> 01:15:27,229
TO 1916. PLEASE JOIN US THEN.

2127
01:15:27,229 --> 01:15:30,232
ONCE MORE, WE THANK DR. ALICE

2128
01:15:30,232 --> 01:15:34,270
WEINREB FOR HER FANTASTIC TALK.

2129
01:15:34,270 --> 01:15:35,671
WISH HER WELL IN NEXT STEPS AND

2130
01:15:35,671 --> 01:15:38,340
RESEARCH AND RESULTING BOOK AND

2131
01:15:38,340 --> 01:15:39,842
LIKELY ALSO VOLUME 2 OF THAT

2132
01:15:39,842 --> 01:15:41,810
PROJECT ONE DAY. DR. WEINREB

2133
01:15:41,810 --> 01:15:42,745
THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR JOINING

2134
01:15:42,745 --> 01:15:44,647
US AND FOR TUNING IN TODAY.  WE

2135
01:15:44,647 --> 01:15:46,849
LOOK FORWARD TO SEEING YOU IN

2136
01:15:46,849 --> 01:15:48,517
THE FUTURE. DON'T HESITATE TO

2137
01:15:48,517 --> 01:15:49,385
CAN'T CONTACT THE NATIONAL

2138
01:15:49,385 --> 01:15:51,187
LIBRARY OF MEDICINE IF WE CAN BE

2139
01:15:51,187 --> 01:15:52,588
A RESOURCE FOR YOUR AND YOUR

2140
01:15:52,588 --> 01:15:53,622
RESEARCH. THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

2141
01:15:53,622 --> 01:15:54,590
HAVE A GOOD AFTERNOON.

2142
01:15:54,590 --> 01:16:04,867
>> THANK YOU.