1
00:00:10,140 --> 00:00:12,276
>> WE'RE HERE TO KICK OFF
DAY 

2
00:00:12,276 --> 00:00:13,444
THREE AND I THINK IT'S FITTING 

3
00:00:13,444 --> 00:00:17,915
THE SESSION FOLLOWS THE LAST ONE

4
00:00:17,915 --> 00:00:19,650
WHERE THERE WAS TALK ABOUT THE 

5
00:00:19,650 --> 00:00:19,950
BIOMARKERS.

6
00:00:19,950 --> 00:00:22,586
WE'RE GOING TO TALK ABOUT THE 

7
00:00:22,586 --> 00:00:24,855
FLUID DIGITAL AND OCULAR ONES.

8
00:00:24,855 --> 00:00:26,890
TO GET US STARTED THOUGH I WANT 

9
00:00:26,890 --> 00:00:34,732
TO START BY TALKING ABOUT THE 

10
00:00:34,732 --> 00:00:37,434
ARGENTINE ANT WHO I THINK OF AS 

11
00:00:37,434 --> 00:00:38,702
THE ULTIMATE TEAM PLAYER BECAUSE

12
00:00:38,702 --> 00:00:45,142
IF YOU TAKE IT FROM ITS COLONY 

13
00:00:45,142 --> 00:00:46,977
AND WANDERS INTO ANOTHER COLONY 

14
00:00:46,977 --> 00:00:48,879
OF DIFFERENT ANTS IT WILL PICK 

15
00:00:48,879 --> 00:00:50,714
UP WHAT THE TEAM IS DOING AND 

16
00:00:50,714 --> 00:00:55,185
CONTRIBUTE IN ANY WAY THAT IT 

17
00:00:55,185 --> 00:00:55,352
CAN.

18
00:00:55,352 --> 00:00:58,789
IT TURNS OUT IF YOU TAKE ANY OF 

19
00:00:58,789 --> 00:01:02,092
THESE ARGENTINE ANTS AND HAVE 

20
00:01:02,092 --> 00:01:03,794
THEM MOVE TO ANY PART OF THE 

21
00:01:03,794 --> 00:01:06,463
WORLD, THEY WILL CONTRIBUTE TO 

22
00:01:06,463 --> 00:01:08,365
THAT TEAM WHICH THEN CONTRIBUTES

23
00:01:08,365 --> 00:01:11,168
TO A MUCH LARGER ECO SYSTEM THAT

24
00:01:11,168 --> 00:01:13,404
IS CUSTOMIZED TO DIFFERENT 

25
00:01:13,404 --> 00:01:13,804
REGIONS.

26
00:01:13,804 --> 00:01:16,340
AND I REALLY THINK THIS SETS A 

27
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GREAT CONTEXT FOR WHAT WE'RE 

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TRYING TO DO AS WELL.

29
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SO LET'S START WITH FLUID 

30
00:01:23,914 --> 00:01:24,214
BIOMARKERS.

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WE'LL HEAR TODAY ABOUT ALL THE 

32
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DIFFERENT WAYS IN WHICH FLUID 

33
00:01:28,185 --> 00:01:31,121
BIOMARKERS ARE NOW STARTING TO 

34
00:01:31,121 --> 00:01:33,023
REALLY CHANGE THE LANDSCAPE OF 

35
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HOW WE DO OUR RESEARCH.

36
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MORE AND MORE, WE'RE TALKING 

37
00:01:37,594 --> 00:01:39,029
ABOUT NOW DIGITAL BIOMARKERS.

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I WAS REALLY EXCITED EVERY DAY 

39
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SOMEONE MENTIONED DIGITAL.

40
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THIS IS NO LONGER SOMETHING IN 

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00:01:46,837 --> 00:01:52,509
THE BACKGROUND BUT MOVING TO THE

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FOREGROUND.

43
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AND THEN THE OTHER YOUR PEOPLE 

44
00:01:56,413 --> 00:01:57,681
ARE TALKING A LOT ABOUT ARE 

45
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THESE OCULAR BIOMARKERS WE'LL 

46
00:01:59,450 --> 00:02:01,618
HEAR ABOUT AS WELL.

47
00:02:01,618 --> 00:02:02,920
I THINK IN COMBINATION WHAT WE 

48
00:02:02,920 --> 00:02:06,490
NEED TO THINK ABOUT IS HOW ALL 

49
00:02:06,490 --> 00:02:08,792
THESE DIFFERENT TYPES OF 

50
00:02:08,792 --> 00:02:10,194
BIOMARKERS ARE GOING TO COME 

51
00:02:10,194 --> 00:02:13,797
TOGETHER ALL ACROSS THE WORLD IN

52
00:02:13,797 --> 00:02:15,933
UNIQUE COMBINATIONS IN ORDER TO 

53
00:02:15,933 --> 00:02:20,003
ACTUALLY FACILITATE REALLY NEW 

54
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SCIENCE IN DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS 

55
00:02:22,306 --> 00:02:24,608
AND WAYS WE NEVER THOUGHT OF 

56
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BEFORE.

57
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SO WITH THIS WE'RE GOING TO GET 

58
00:02:28,378 --> 00:02:29,580
STARTED WITH OUR PANEL.

59
00:02:29,580 --> 00:02:32,983
I AM GOING TO UP FRONT TELL YOU 

60
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THAT DONNA AND I ARE GOING TO BE

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00:02:35,385 --> 00:02:37,354
THE TIME NAZIS AND WE'RE GOING 

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TO KEEP EVERYBODY ON TIME.

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SO WITH THAT, I'D LIKE OUR FIRST

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SPEAKER, DONNA WILL GO AHEAD AND

65
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INTRODUCE EACH ONE.

66
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THANK YOU.

67
00:02:52,936 --> 00:02:54,471
>> ABOUT MORNING,
EVERYBODY.

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OUR FIRST SPEAKER OF THE DAY IS 

69
00:03:02,713 --> 00:03:04,715
SUDHIR SRIVASTAVA FROM THE 

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00:03:04,715 --> 00:03:06,149
NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE.

71
00:03:06,149 --> 00:03:07,518
>> GOOD MORNING.

72
00:03:07,518 --> 00:03:12,890
CAN YOU LOAD MY SLIDES, PLEASE.

73
00:03:12,890 --> 00:03:15,425
I JUST WANT IT SAY HOW FAST 

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NATING THE OPENING REMARK -- 

75
00:03:18,395 --> 00:03:21,665
FASCINATING TE OPENING REMOOSHG 

76
00:03:21,665 --> 00:03:24,601
AND IN WE SAY IT TAKES A VILLAGE

77
00:03:24,601 --> 00:03:29,907
AND THIS TAKES A GLOBAL EFFORT.

78
00:03:29,907 --> 00:03:38,749
I CANNOT SEE MY SLIDES.

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00:03:38,749 --> 00:03:45,222
THE TOPIC IS FROM FIVE YEARS AT 

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00:03:45,222 --> 00:03:45,689
NCI.

81
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IT TAKES A VILLAGE.

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00:03:48,458 --> 00:03:53,797
WE JUST HAD A FASCINATING 

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00:03:53,797 --> 00:03:58,735
INTRODUCTION AND I DON'T THINK I

84
00:03:58,735 --> 00:04:02,706
CAN CAPTURE THOSE BUT I WANT TO 

85
00:04:02,706 --> 00:04:08,445
GIVE A SNIPPET.

86
00:04:08,445 --> 00:04:15,686
SO AS YOU KNOW OVER THE YEARS WE

87
00:04:15,686 --> 00:04:21,425
HAVE A MADE PROGRESS AND 

88
00:04:21,425 --> 00:04:26,763
THEREFORE WE HAVE BEEN TRYING TO

89
00:04:26,763 --> 00:04:37,040
PROTECT CANCER.

90
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IN OUR EFFORTS FOR BIOMARKERS 

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00:04:42,212 --> 00:04:44,214
AND TO JUSTIFY THE BIOMARKERS IF

92
00:04:44,214 --> 00:04:46,049
YOU DETECT CANCER AT THE EARLY 

93
00:04:46,049 --> 00:04:49,152
STABLE THE FIVE-YEAR SURVIVAL IS

94
00:04:49,152 --> 00:04:52,823
MUCH BETTER FOR EPITHELIAL 

95
00:04:52,823 --> 00:04:55,225
TUMORS AND PROSTATE AND LUNG 

96
00:04:55,225 --> 00:04:56,860
CANCER AND SO ON.

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00:04:56,860 --> 00:05:01,198
THIS IS ALL ABOUT THE 

98
00:05:01,198 --> 00:05:01,498
BIOMARKERS.

99
00:05:01,498 --> 00:05:09,673
THEY HAVE DEVELOPED A NUMBER OF 

100
00:05:09,673 --> 00:05:14,711
BIOMARKERS AND THE RADIOMICS AND

101
00:05:14,711 --> 00:05:22,719
THERE'S DISTAL BIOMARKERS AND IN

102
00:05:22,719 --> 00:05:25,455
IMAGING AND ALWAYS KIND IMAGING 

103
00:05:25,455 --> 00:05:31,662
WITH BIOMARKERS AND WHAT WE CALL

104
00:05:31,662 --> 00:05:34,031
DIAGNOSTIC ODYSSEY BECAUSE WE 

105
00:05:34,031 --> 00:05:44,574
NEED TO CONFORM AND YOU CAN SEE 

106
00:05:45,709 --> 00:05:50,714
VERY IMPRESSIVE GAIN IN TERMS OF

107
00:05:50,714 --> 00:05:52,215
FIVE-YEAR SURVIVAL DATE.

108
00:05:52,215 --> 00:05:58,255
SO OVER THE YEARS WE HAVE BEEN 

109
00:05:58,255 --> 00:06:08,832
DEVELOPING BIOMARKERS AND 

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00:06:14,671 --> 00:06:17,174
THERE'S SPECIFICITY BUT THERE'S 

111
00:06:17,174 --> 00:06:20,844
FEW IN THE PROCESS AND ON THE 

112
00:06:20,844 --> 00:06:26,383
RIGHT HAND I SHOW THERE'S MODEST

113
00:06:26,383 --> 00:06:30,253
FIVE BIOMARKERS PER YEAR FOR 

114
00:06:30,253 --> 00:06:32,956
EARLY DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS.

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00:06:32,956 --> 00:06:35,058
EVEN THE SLIDE IS OLDER FROM 

116
00:06:35,058 --> 00:06:42,899
2013 BUT THE FINDINGS ARE STILL 

117
00:06:42,899 --> 00:06:50,707
VALID.

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00:06:50,707 --> 00:06:54,678
A

119
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AND THIS IS VERY CHALLENGING FOR

120
00:07:00,150 --> 00:07:05,922
US AND I HAVE NOT SERVED US VERY

121
00:07:05,922 --> 00:07:07,724
WELL THE REASON MOST STUDIES 

122
00:07:07,724 --> 00:07:09,292
HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED OVER THE 

123
00:07:09,292 --> 00:07:19,770
YEARS AND FOR STUDY DESIGN 

124
00:07:21,371 --> 00:07:23,073
THERE'S INCOMPLETE PROTOCOL AND 

125
00:07:23,073 --> 00:07:23,573
REPORTING.

126
00:07:23,573 --> 00:07:27,677
IN A BASIC SCIENCE SETTING 

127
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PROTOCOL IS LIKE HAVING A PAPER 

128
00:07:29,679 --> 00:07:30,280
DESCRIBING DESIGN.

129
00:07:30,280 --> 00:07:32,983
THAT'S NOT THE CASE IN THE 

130
00:07:32,983 --> 00:07:39,189
CLINICAL SETTING WHEN YOU HAVE 

131
00:07:39,189 --> 00:07:43,627
BIOMARKERS.

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00:07:43,627 --> 00:07:45,929
ALSO SOMETIMES BIOMARKERS ARE 

133
00:07:45,929 --> 00:07:48,799
PUBLISHED BY INVESTIGATORS IN 

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WHAT WE CALL SELECTIVE REPORTING

135
00:07:52,536 --> 00:08:03,113
AND NOT REPORTING NEGATIVE SIDE 

136
00:08:03,113 --> 00:08:06,316
AND THERE'S A CHALLENGE IN THE 

137
00:08:06,316 --> 00:08:08,051
BIOMARKER FIELD BECAUSE MOST THE

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00:08:08,051 --> 00:08:10,654
BIOMARKERS ARE DEVELOPED IN A 

139
00:08:10,654 --> 00:08:17,394
SINGLE LAB AND THEN VALIDATED.

140
00:08:17,394 --> 00:08:21,264
HOWEVER, AS YOU KNOW ONE CANNOT 

141
00:08:21,264 --> 00:08:22,265
BE PROSECUTOR AND JUDGE AT THE 

142
00:08:22,265 --> 00:08:24,668
SAME TIME.

143
00:08:24,668 --> 00:08:26,369
IF YOU'RE A DISCOVERER OF THE 

144
00:08:26,369 --> 00:08:30,574
BIOMARKER YOU NEED TO HAND IT 

145
00:08:30,574 --> 00:08:33,543
OVER TO A LAB FOR VERIFICATION 

146
00:08:33,543 --> 00:08:36,246
AND THAT'S THE BASIC CANNON OF 

147
00:08:36,246 --> 00:08:45,222
THE NETWORK AT NCI.

148
00:08:45,222 --> 00:08:47,023
AND IN TERMS OF BIOMARKER 

149
00:08:47,023 --> 00:08:48,792
DISCOVERY YOU NEED TO 

150
00:08:48,792 --> 00:08:51,094
COLLABORATE WITH THE PEOPLE 

151
00:08:51,094 --> 00:08:53,129
EXPERT IN DESIGNING TRIALS OR 

152
00:08:53,129 --> 00:08:58,001
VALIDATING THE BIOMARKERS.

153
00:08:58,001 --> 00:09:03,473
THEREFORE WE NEED TO GET TO THE 

154
00:09:03,473 --> 00:09:03,673
SPACE.

155
00:09:03,673 --> 00:09:06,977
THIS HAS BEEN THE BASIC TENET 

156
00:09:06,977 --> 00:09:12,148
BEHIND THE EDI AND WE NEED TO 

157
00:09:12,148 --> 00:09:14,517
HAVE TO BE IN THE BUSINESS OF 

158
00:09:14,517 --> 00:09:18,722
DISCOVERY AND NEED EXPERTS TO 

159
00:09:18,722 --> 00:09:21,591
VALIDATE THE ASSAY.

160
00:09:21,591 --> 00:09:22,192
BIOMARKER DISCOVERY WITHOUT 

161
00:09:22,192 --> 00:09:23,927
CONSIDERING THE CONTENT IS NOT 

162
00:09:23,927 --> 00:09:26,529
HELPFUL BECAUSE WE NEED TO THINK

163
00:09:26,529 --> 00:09:30,467
OF THE PERSON IN MIND BEFORE WE 

164
00:09:30,467 --> 00:09:32,869
EMBARK ON THE BIOMARKER.

165
00:09:32,869 --> 00:09:33,470
STATISTICIANS PLAY IMPORTANT 

166
00:09:33,470 --> 00:09:38,608
ROLES AND WE SEE APPLICATION IN 

167
00:09:38,608 --> 00:09:39,442
THE BIOMARKERS.

168
00:09:39,442 --> 00:09:41,244
WE FIND THE DETAILS ABOUT STUDY 

169
00:09:41,244 --> 00:09:49,686
DESIGN ARE MISSING.

170
00:09:49,686 --> 00:09:52,322
THIS IS BECAUSE YOU NEED TO 

171
00:09:52,322 --> 00:09:56,826
MANAGE DATA AND PROVIDER QUALITY

172
00:09:56,826 --> 00:09:59,362
AND IN A NUTSHELL EDRN.

173
00:09:59,362 --> 00:10:03,833
THEY'RE OPTIMIZED IN THE 

174
00:10:03,833 --> 00:10:06,703
FOLLOWING STRUCTURE.

175
00:10:06,703 --> 00:10:09,673
THERE'S A BIOMARKER 

176
00:10:09,673 --> 00:10:11,908
DEVELOPMENTAL LAB AND THE 

177
00:10:11,908 --> 00:10:14,711
DISCOVERY IS MADE AND GOES TO 

178
00:10:14,711 --> 00:10:16,880
THE REFERENCE LAB AND THEN 

179
00:10:16,880 --> 00:10:19,516
DISCOVERY LAB AND THE VALIDATION

180
00:10:19,516 --> 00:10:22,018
CENTER WHERE THE STUDY DESIGN IS

181
00:10:22,018 --> 00:10:27,057
CONDUCTED TO VALIDATE THE 

182
00:10:27,057 --> 00:10:27,357
BIOMARKERS.

183
00:10:27,357 --> 00:10:29,659
IF YOU FAIL IT'S BACK TO THE 

184
00:10:29,659 --> 00:10:32,062
DRAWING BOARD TO LOOK TO THE 

185
00:10:32,062 --> 00:10:32,462
REGION.

186
00:10:32,462 --> 00:10:35,598
EVEN THE FAILURE IN THIS CASE 

187
00:10:35,598 --> 00:10:36,967
ARE HELPFUL FOR WHAT WENT WRONG 

188
00:10:36,967 --> 00:10:42,706
AND HOW IT CAN BE BETTER.

189
00:10:42,706 --> 00:10:44,808
SO THE OBJECTIVE ARE TO SUPPORT 

190
00:10:44,808 --> 00:10:48,211
RESEARCH FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND

191
00:10:48,211 --> 00:10:51,448
VALIDATION OF BIOMARKERS 

192
00:10:51,448 --> 00:10:53,049
PROGRESSION, COOPERATION BETWEEN

193
00:10:53,049 --> 00:10:54,684
ACADEMIC AND INDUSTRIAL LEADERS.

194
00:10:54,684 --> 00:10:59,155
ESTABLISH AND APPLY STANDARDIZED

195
00:10:59,155 --> 00:11:02,492
BIOMARKERS CRITERIA AND MOST 

196
00:11:02,492 --> 00:11:05,996
IMPORTANTLY WHAT TO FACILITATE 

197
00:11:05,996 --> 00:11:08,932
THE PROCESS TO BRING BIOMARKERS 

198
00:11:08,932 --> 00:11:10,900
INTO CLINICAL USE.

199
00:11:10,900 --> 00:11:12,869
AND THE PROGRAM ON BIOMARKER 

200
00:11:12,869 --> 00:11:14,537
DISCOVERY AND EARLY VALIDATION 

201
00:11:14,537 --> 00:11:20,443
FOR EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER.

202
00:11:20,443 --> 00:11:23,446
IT HAS DEVELOPED MORE THAN EIGHT

203
00:11:23,446 --> 00:11:27,417
BIOMARKERS TO BE APPROVED AND 22

204
00:11:27,417 --> 00:11:35,625
THAT ARE WAITING TO BE APPROVED.

205
00:11:35,625 --> 00:11:43,600
SO, THEY DON'T FOLLOW THE 

206
00:11:43,600 --> 00:11:43,967
BIOMARKER SIGN.

207
00:11:43,967 --> 00:11:46,669
WE DEVELOPED GUIDELINE FOR 

208
00:11:46,669 --> 00:11:48,405
DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT.

209
00:11:48,405 --> 00:11:54,210
THIS IS ONE OF THE MOST CITED 

210
00:11:54,210 --> 00:11:58,715
PAPERS IF YOU'RE LOOKING FOR 

211
00:11:58,715 --> 00:11:59,382
THIS.

212
00:11:59,382 --> 00:12:01,551
THERE'S BIOMARKER VALIDATION 

213
00:12:01,551 --> 00:12:04,587
INCLUDING CRITERIA PHASE 1, 2, 

214
00:12:04,587 --> 00:12:09,692
3, 4 AND 5 AND BASED ON 

215
00:12:09,692 --> 00:12:10,693
STATISTICAL RIGOR.

216
00:12:10,693 --> 00:12:12,729
THE PHASE 1 IS PROGRAM OF 

217
00:12:12,729 --> 00:12:14,531
PROMISING DIRECTION IDENTIFIED 

218
00:12:14,531 --> 00:12:18,701
AND THEN PHASE 2, THE CLINICAL 

219
00:12:18,701 --> 00:12:22,906
ASSAY DETECTS THE ESTABLISHED 

220
00:12:22,906 --> 00:12:24,774
DISEASE AND THEN PHASE 3 IS 

221
00:12:24,774 --> 00:12:26,709
SCREEN POSITIVE AND MOST ARE IN 

222
00:12:26,709 --> 00:12:30,046
PHASE 1 WAS THEY CANNOT MAKE IT 

223
00:12:30,046 --> 00:12:31,648
TO PHASE 2.

224
00:12:31,648 --> 00:12:34,217
NEITHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE 

225
00:12:34,217 --> 00:12:35,118
CLINICAL ASSAY OR -- 

226
00:12:35,118 --> 00:12:37,320
>> YOU NEED TO WRAP UP
PRETTY 

227
00:12:37,320 --> 00:12:42,625
SOON YOU HAVE LESS THAN A 

228
00:12:42,625 --> 00:12:43,026
MINUTE.

229
00:12:43,026 --> 00:12:47,897
>> OKAY.

230
00:12:47,897 --> 00:12:48,598
NEXT, PLEASE.

231
00:12:48,598 --> 00:12:52,202
WE DEVELOPED WHAT IS USED TO 

232
00:12:52,202 --> 00:12:54,571
TREAT OUR BIOMARKERS FROM GOOD 

233
00:12:54,571 --> 00:12:58,741
TO BAD BIOMARKERS AND THESE ARE 

234
00:12:58,741 --> 00:13:06,015
STORED AT NCI FREDERICK AND THEY

235
00:13:06,015 --> 00:13:11,721
CAN LOOK AT THE CANCER TARGET.

236
00:13:11,721 --> 00:13:15,892
OUR SYSTEM ALLOWS NOVEL 

237
00:13:15,892 --> 00:13:16,559
MECHANISM.

238
00:13:16,559 --> 00:13:22,332
I JUST WANTED TO SHOW YOU THE 

239
00:13:22,332 --> 00:13:29,239
LIST FACILITATED.

240
00:13:29,239 --> 00:13:31,441
>> WE NEED TO WRAP UP NOW
TO GET

241
00:13:31,441 --> 00:13:33,676
TO THE NEXT SPEAKER.

242
00:13:33,676 --> 00:13:34,611
>> I'LL STOP HERE.

243
00:13:34,611 --> 00:13:44,287
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR
THAT.

244
00:13:44,287 --> 00:13:46,723
OUR NEXT SPEAKER IS DR. MICHAEL 

245
00:13:46,723 --> 00:13:47,357
SNYDER FROM STANFORD UNIVERSITY.

246
00:13:47,357 --> 00:13:50,793
MICHAEL.

247
00:13:50,793 --> 00:13:52,228
>> OKAY.

248
00:13:52,228 --> 00:13:54,097
IT'S A GREAT PLEASURE TO BE 

249
00:13:54,097 --> 00:13:54,697
HERE.

250
00:13:54,697 --> 00:13:57,167
IF WE CAN GO BACK TO THE FIRST 

251
00:13:57,167 --> 00:13:58,134
SLIDE THAT WOULD BE GREAT.

252
00:13:58,134 --> 00:14:00,637
THESE ARE THE PEOPLE THAT DID 

253
00:14:00,637 --> 00:14:02,305
THE WORK.

254
00:14:02,305 --> 00:14:06,309
SO, OUR LAB GENERATES DEEP DATA 

255
00:14:06,309 --> 00:14:08,278
WITH THE IDEA OF TRYING PROFILE 

256
00:14:08,278 --> 00:14:10,346
THEM BASED ON THE PREMISE WE 

257
00:14:10,346 --> 00:14:12,148
THINK WE PRACTICE SICK CARE 

258
00:14:12,148 --> 00:14:13,716
THESE DAYS RATHER THAN HEALTH 

259
00:14:13,716 --> 00:14:13,917
CARE.

260
00:14:13,917 --> 00:14:15,418
WHAT OUR LAB HAS BEEN TRYING TO 

261
00:14:15,418 --> 00:14:17,287
DO IS CHANGE THE PARADIGM ON 

262
00:14:17,287 --> 00:14:19,022
THIS.

263
00:14:19,022 --> 00:14:20,290
SPECIFICALLY WHEN WE PRACTICE 

264
00:14:20,290 --> 00:14:22,358
HEALTH CARE YOU'LL TYPICALLY GET

265
00:14:22,358 --> 00:14:24,594
IN A CAR, ALWAYS AT A TIME AND 

266
00:14:24,594 --> 00:14:27,664
TRAVEL TO A PHYSICIANS OFFICE 

267
00:14:27,664 --> 00:14:29,566
WHERE THEY'LL STICK A NEEDLE AND

268
00:14:29,566 --> 00:14:32,168
TAKE LOTS OF BLOOD AND THEY ARE 

269
00:14:32,168 --> 00:14:35,004
DON'T MAKE VERY MANY 

270
00:14:35,004 --> 00:14:38,174
MEASUREMENTS AND FROM THAT 

271
00:14:38,174 --> 00:14:40,143
THEY'LL MAKE DECISIONS ABOUT 

272
00:14:40,143 --> 00:14:41,678
YOUR HEALTH BASED ON POPULATION 

273
00:14:41,678 --> 00:14:43,046
AGGREGATES SO THIS IS WHAT I 

274
00:14:43,046 --> 00:14:45,148
WANT TO TALK ABOUT TODAY.

275
00:14:45,148 --> 00:14:50,353
A NUMBER OF YEARS AGO ROUGHLY 14

276
00:14:50,353 --> 00:14:52,722
AND A HALF WE SET UP CRYSTAL 

277
00:14:52,722 --> 00:14:54,691
OMICS PROFILING.

278
00:14:54,691 --> 00:14:59,395
THE IDEA IS TAKE BLOOD, URINE 

279
00:14:59,395 --> 00:15:04,667
AND STOOL AND SEQUENCE GENOME 

280
00:15:04,667 --> 00:15:09,672
AND MEASURE TRANSCRIPTOME, 

281
00:15:09,672 --> 00:15:11,674
PROTEOME AND OTHER THINGS AS 

282
00:15:11,674 --> 00:15:14,644
WELL AND OUT OF THE PLASMA 

283
00:15:14,644 --> 00:15:21,284
MEASURE CYTOKINES AND BIOMARKER 

284
00:15:21,284 --> 00:15:21,884
AND WEARABLES.

285
00:15:21,884 --> 00:15:24,520
THE IDEA IS TO TAKE DEEP DATA ON

286
00:15:24,520 --> 00:15:27,056
PEOPLE AND THE OTHER ASPECT IS 

287
00:15:27,056 --> 00:15:27,557
OVER TIME.

288
00:15:27,557 --> 00:15:28,891
ROUGHLY EVERY THREE MONTHS WHILE

289
00:15:28,891 --> 00:15:29,692
THEY'RE HEALTHY.

290
00:15:29,692 --> 00:15:32,662
SO WE'RE TAKING SAMPLES WHILE 

291
00:15:32,662 --> 00:15:35,164
HEALTHY AND IN AN ADVERSE EVENT 

292
00:15:35,164 --> 00:15:38,167
LIKE A VIRAL INFECTION WE'LL 

293
00:15:38,167 --> 00:15:39,369
TAKE ADDITIONAL SAMPLES.

294
00:15:39,369 --> 00:15:40,737
WE'RE TRYING TO UNDERSTAND WHAT 

295
00:15:40,737 --> 00:15:42,705
A HEALTHY PROFILE LOOK LIKE AND 

296
00:15:42,705 --> 00:15:45,675
HOW DOES IT CHANGE OVER TIME, 

297
00:15:45,675 --> 00:15:46,909
WHAT HAPPENS AT THE EARLIEST 

298
00:15:46,909 --> 00:15:50,513
TIME OF ILLNESS AND CAN YOU USE 

299
00:15:50,513 --> 00:15:54,317
GENOME SEQUENCING TO BETTER 

300
00:15:54,317 --> 00:15:54,884
MANAGER HEALTH WHICH WAS 

301
00:15:54,884 --> 00:15:56,552
CONTROVERSIAL WHEN WE LAUNCHED.

302
00:15:56,552 --> 00:15:58,588
WITH REGARD TO THE LAST POINT 

303
00:15:58,588 --> 00:15:59,589
THE FIRST THREE AND A HALF YEARS

304
00:15:59,589 --> 00:16:02,058
OF PROFILING FROM A SMALL GROUP 

305
00:16:02,058 --> 00:16:04,160
OF 109 PEOPLE NEARLY HALF 

306
00:16:04,160 --> 00:16:06,496
LEARNED SOMETHING PRETTY 

307
00:16:06,496 --> 00:16:09,832
IMPORTANT ABOUT THEIR HEALTH AND

308
00:16:09,832 --> 00:16:13,536
HEART ISSUES AND WE HAVE EARLY 

309
00:16:13,536 --> 00:16:15,905
LYMPHOMA, TWO PRECANCERS ALL 

310
00:16:15,905 --> 00:16:25,715
FOUND PRESYMPTOMATICALLY AND YOU

311
00:16:25,715 --> 00:16:28,951
CAN SEE WHAT'S GOING ON IN 

312
00:16:28,951 --> 00:16:31,654
ADVANCE OF SYMPTOMS.

313
00:16:31,654 --> 00:16:34,090
EVERYTHING I'M TELLING YOU IS 

314
00:16:34,090 --> 00:16:35,191
CONFLICTED HERE.

315
00:16:35,191 --> 00:16:36,726
AND THE OTHER THING YOU CAN GET 

316
00:16:36,726 --> 00:16:39,228
AS YOU PROFILE DEEPLY YOU CAN 

317
00:16:39,228 --> 00:16:41,064
SEE HOW THEY CHANGE OVER TIME WE

318
00:16:41,064 --> 00:16:43,833
INTERPRET AS AGING.

319
00:16:43,833 --> 00:16:45,401
FROM THE HEALTHY TIME POINTS YOU

320
00:16:45,401 --> 00:16:47,337
CAN SEE EVERYBODY'S AGING 

321
00:16:47,337 --> 00:16:48,171
DIFFERENTLY.

322
00:16:48,171 --> 00:16:53,943
THE AMERICAN IN THE MIDDLE, 

323
00:16:53,943 --> 00:16:55,845
PERSON 2 HAVE SIGNALLING PATHWAY

324
00:16:55,845 --> 00:16:57,680
THAT CHANGES AND THE ONE ON THE 

325
00:16:57,680 --> 00:17:00,350
LEFT IS A TYPICAL AGER, THEIR 

326
00:17:00,350 --> 00:17:02,418
IMMUNE SYSTEM, METABOLIC AND 

327
00:17:02,418 --> 00:17:04,921
OTHER PATHWAYS SHIFT OVER TIME.

328
00:17:04,921 --> 00:17:07,056
WE THINK FROM AS FEW AS FIVE 

329
00:17:07,056 --> 00:17:08,491
TIME POINTS OVER TWO YEARS WE 

330
00:17:08,491 --> 00:17:12,395
CAN SEE HOW PEOPLE ARE AGING 

331
00:17:12,395 --> 00:17:14,063
THOUGH YOU CAN DO IT MUCH 

332
00:17:14,063 --> 00:17:16,065
RAPIDLY AS WELL AND CALL THESE 

333
00:17:16,065 --> 00:17:19,235
AGING PATTERNS AGOTYPES.

334
00:17:19,235 --> 00:17:21,537
YOU SEE FOUR TYPES OF FOUR 

335
00:17:21,537 --> 00:17:24,140
PEOPLE AND THEY'LL HAVE 

336
00:17:24,140 --> 00:17:26,709
DIFFERENT AGEOTYPES AND THERE'S 

337
00:17:26,709 --> 00:17:28,945
MARKERS YOU CAN ACT UPON.

338
00:17:28,945 --> 00:17:32,281
IF YOU LOOK AT THE GROUP AS A 

339
00:17:32,281 --> 00:17:33,916
WHOLE YOU CAN SAY SOMETIMES 

340
00:17:33,916 --> 00:17:36,085
DURING THESE YEARS WHERE THERE 

341
00:17:36,085 --> 00:17:37,053
MIGHT BE MORE CHANGES THAN 

342
00:17:37,053 --> 00:17:38,721
OTHERS AND RECENTLY PUBLISHED 

343
00:17:38,721 --> 00:17:41,190
AND AGING IS NOT MANY OR YOU 

344
00:17:41,190 --> 00:17:46,396
DON'T JUST GRADUALLY GET OLDER.

345
00:17:46,396 --> 00:17:49,632
KNOW YOUR IMMUNE CHANGES AND YOU

346
00:17:49,632 --> 00:17:51,134
GET VACCINATED AND THERE'S A 

347
00:17:51,134 --> 00:17:53,202
BURST THERE WE SEE OTHER CHANGES

348
00:17:53,202 --> 00:17:56,372
AS WELL BECAUSE WE'RE PROFILING 

349
00:17:56,372 --> 00:17:57,306
SO DEEPLY.

350
00:17:57,306 --> 00:17:59,409
IT SHOULD SAY 135,000 MARKERS.

351
00:17:59,409 --> 00:18:02,145
THERE'S ALSO A BIG SHIFT AROUND 

352
00:18:02,145 --> 00:18:03,546
THE 40s.

353
00:18:03,546 --> 00:18:05,548
YOU'RE EITHER ON WERE WAY TO 

354
00:18:05,548 --> 00:18:08,618
THIS IN YOUR 40s OR 50s AND 60s 

355
00:18:08,618 --> 00:18:10,820
AND THERE'S MARKERS ASSOCIATED 

356
00:18:10,820 --> 00:18:11,687
ONCE AGAIN.

357
00:18:11,687 --> 00:18:14,090
YOU CAN TAKE ACTION ON THE 

358
00:18:14,090 --> 00:18:14,390
INFORMATION.

359
00:18:14,390 --> 00:18:15,725
THE OTHER THING WE'RE PUSHING 

360
00:18:15,725 --> 00:18:18,694
HARD IS THE IDEA ABOUT DOING 

361
00:18:18,694 --> 00:18:19,962
REMOTE HEALTH MONITORING WHICH I

362
00:18:19,962 --> 00:18:22,498
THINK IS RELEVANT FOR RUNNING 

363
00:18:22,498 --> 00:18:23,900
STUDIES IN THE MENTAL HEALTH 

364
00:18:23,900 --> 00:18:25,101
SPACE BECAUSE MOST PEOPLE DON'T 

365
00:18:25,101 --> 00:18:26,702
WANT TO COME IN TO GET MEASURED 

366
00:18:26,702 --> 00:18:28,971
AND MEASUREMENTS IN A CLINIC ARE

367
00:18:28,971 --> 00:18:30,673
NOT REFLECTING WHAT'S GOING ON 

368
00:18:30,673 --> 00:18:32,074
AT HOME.

369
00:18:32,074 --> 00:18:34,243
WE'VE BEEN PUSHING TWO FRONTS.

370
00:18:34,243 --> 00:18:36,579
ONE IS THE WEARABLES.

371
00:18:36,579 --> 00:18:41,350
ANOTHER IS CALLED HOME MICRO 

372
00:18:41,350 --> 00:18:43,653
SAMPLING AND WE DO DEEP 

373
00:18:43,653 --> 00:18:48,124
MEASUREMENTS THERE'S DEVICES OUT

374
00:18:48,124 --> 00:18:50,693
THERE IN THE FORM OF SMART 

375
00:18:50,693 --> 00:18:51,060
WATCHES.

376
00:18:51,060 --> 00:18:54,564
I MYSELF USUALLY HAVE FOUR 

377
00:18:54,564 --> 00:19:00,770
WATCHES, ONE BROKE AND HEARING 

378
00:19:00,770 --> 00:19:08,411
AIDS ARE USEFUL FOR INFORMATION 

379
00:19:08,411 --> 00:19:10,713
AND I LOST MINE ON THE AIRPLANE.

380
00:19:10,713 --> 00:19:12,648
THEY'RE MEASURING YOU 24/7.

381
00:19:12,648 --> 00:19:14,517
I WON'T TALK ABOUT THIS TODAY 

382
00:19:14,517 --> 00:19:16,219
BUT WE SHOWED YOU CAN PICK UP 

383
00:19:16,219 --> 00:19:18,421
WHEN PEOPLE ARE GETTING 

384
00:19:18,421 --> 00:19:19,188
INFECTIONS, LYME DISEASE AS WELL

385
00:19:19,188 --> 00:19:21,691
AS VIRAL INFECTIONS IN ADVANCE 

386
00:19:21,691 --> 00:19:23,226
OF SYMPTOMS BECAUSE YOUR RESTING

387
00:19:23,226 --> 00:19:24,627
HEART RATE GOES UP.

388
00:19:24,627 --> 00:19:25,361
IT'S MORE SENSITIVE THAN 

389
00:19:25,361 --> 00:19:28,731
TEMPERATURE WHICH IS WHAT WE DO 

390
00:19:28,731 --> 00:19:28,998
TODAY.

391
00:19:28,998 --> 00:19:31,901
THAT'S A 300-YEAR-OLD CONCEPT 

392
00:19:31,901 --> 00:19:34,036
WHICH DOESN'T WORK WELL FOR 

393
00:19:34,036 --> 00:19:37,106
COVID AND RESTING PICK UP OTHER 

394
00:19:37,106 --> 00:19:39,075
THINGS IN TERM OF MENTAL HEALTH 

395
00:19:39,075 --> 00:19:39,375
STRESS.

396
00:19:39,375 --> 00:19:41,277
WE'RE RUNNING DIGITAL STUDIES 

397
00:19:41,277 --> 00:19:43,212
WITH THE WEARABLES FOR MENTAL 

398
00:19:43,212 --> 00:19:45,915
HEALTH CONDITIONS.

399
00:19:45,915 --> 00:19:48,584
SPECIFICALLY TRYING TO FOLLOW 

400
00:19:48,584 --> 00:19:49,285
THINGS LIKE DEPRESSION.

401
00:19:49,285 --> 00:19:53,155
WE'RE RUNNING A STUDY MEASURED 

402
00:19:53,155 --> 00:19:55,691
FOR WELLNESS MARKERS IF YOU WILL

403
00:19:55,691 --> 00:19:57,493
AS WELL AS RUNNING THROUGH AN 

404
00:19:57,493 --> 00:19:59,028
INTERVENTION AND THIS IS FAIRLY 

405
00:19:59,028 --> 00:20:00,463
PRELIMINARY AND WHAT WE 

406
00:20:00,463 --> 00:20:02,298
DISCOVERED IS THAT YOU ACTUALLY 

407
00:20:02,298 --> 00:20:03,733
CAN START MAKING CORRELATIONS 

408
00:20:03,733 --> 00:20:06,035
BETWEEN MEASUREMENTS ON A DEVICE

409
00:20:06,035 --> 00:20:08,204
AND MENTAL HEALTH STATE, 

410
00:20:08,204 --> 00:20:09,338
WELLNESS STATES.

411
00:20:09,338 --> 00:20:11,307
THIS IS AGAIN SOMEWHAT 

412
00:20:11,307 --> 00:20:13,242
PRELIMINARY BUT SHOWS DATA.

413
00:20:13,242 --> 00:20:15,311
THERE'S VO2 MAX AND THIS IS 

414
00:20:15,311 --> 00:20:18,447
HAPPINESS OF ALL THINGS AND DOES

415
00:20:18,447 --> 00:20:19,982
PAY TO SEGREGATE MALES AND 

416
00:20:19,982 --> 00:20:20,783
FEMALES BECAUSE THE BASELINE ARE

417
00:20:20,783 --> 00:20:23,953
VERY DIFFERENT.

418
00:20:23,953 --> 00:20:25,688
YOU CAN PICK UP SIGNIFICANT 

419
00:20:25,688 --> 00:20:27,256
SIGNALS BETWEEN THOSE HAPPY 

420
00:20:27,256 --> 00:20:32,094
VERSUS NOT IN TERMS OF VO2 MAX 

421
00:20:32,094 --> 00:20:34,997
AMONG MALES AND FEMALES 

422
00:20:34,997 --> 00:20:38,434
BREATHING RATE DIFFERS AND YOU 

423
00:20:38,434 --> 00:20:40,436
GET MARKERS AND WE ARE TRYING TO

424
00:20:40,436 --> 00:20:43,673
BRING MARKERS FOR COGNITION AND 

425
00:20:43,673 --> 00:20:45,708
DEMENTIA WHICH CAN BE USEFUL AND

426
00:20:45,708 --> 00:20:47,543
THE POWER IS YOU'RE COLLECTING 

427
00:20:47,543 --> 00:20:49,312
ALL PASSIVELY AND WE THINK IT'S 

428
00:20:49,312 --> 00:20:50,079
QUITE VALUABLE.

429
00:20:50,079 --> 00:20:52,848
THE OTHER AREA IS GLUCOSE 

430
00:20:52,848 --> 00:20:57,687
MONITORING I MYSELF AM A TYPE II

431
00:20:57,687 --> 00:20:57,954
DIABETIC.

432
00:20:57,954 --> 00:20:59,922
IT'S PERFECT FOR MENTAL HEALTH 

433
00:20:59,922 --> 00:21:01,958
BECAUSE DIABETES IS VERY 

434
00:21:01,958 --> 00:21:02,291
HETEROGENEOUS.

435
00:21:02,291 --> 00:21:04,260
WE LUMP IT ALL TOGETHER AND THE 

436
00:21:04,260 --> 00:21:06,696
WAY WE TREAT IT SHOULDN'T BE BY 

437
00:21:06,696 --> 00:21:08,030
LUMPING IT BECAUSE THERE'S 

438
00:21:08,030 --> 00:21:09,732
DIFFERENT TREATMENTS FOR 

439
00:21:09,732 --> 00:21:11,667
DIFFERENT CONDITIONS.

440
00:21:11,667 --> 00:21:13,769
WE DISCOVERED THE CONTINUOUS 

441
00:21:13,769 --> 00:21:14,637
GLUCOSE MONITORING MEASURE EVERY

442
00:21:14,637 --> 00:21:17,807
FIVE MINUTES AND PUT THEM ON 

443
00:21:17,807 --> 00:21:21,510
NORMAL AND PRE-DIABETICS AND 

444
00:21:21,510 --> 00:21:25,047
HAVE GONE ON TO SHOW DIFFERENT 

445
00:21:25,047 --> 00:21:26,582
PEOPLE SPIKE TO DIFFERENT FOODS.

446
00:21:26,582 --> 00:21:28,551
55 PEOPLE RUNNING THROUGH THE 

447
00:21:28,551 --> 00:21:32,688
EXACT SAME AMOUNT OF CARBS AND 

448
00:21:32,688 --> 00:21:33,489
DIFFERENT PEOPLE SPIKE TO 

449
00:21:33,489 --> 00:21:35,257
DIFFERENT FOODS.

450
00:21:35,257 --> 00:21:37,526
THIS PERSON'S A BREAD SPIKER, 

451
00:21:37,526 --> 00:21:41,931
THIS IS A GRAPE SPIKER AND MOST 

452
00:21:41,931 --> 00:21:46,702
PEOPLE ARE WHITE RICE SPIKERS 

453
00:21:46,702 --> 00:21:49,639
AND THINK OF THIS FROM AN 

454
00:21:49,639 --> 00:21:50,306
ALZHEIMER'S STANDPOINT.

455
00:21:50,306 --> 00:21:51,907
CAN YOU SUB TYPE.

456
00:21:51,907 --> 00:21:53,709
WHICH FOODS WILL RESPOND TO 

457
00:21:53,709 --> 00:21:55,277
WHICH SUBTYPES.

458
00:21:55,277 --> 00:21:58,180
IT TURNS OUT IF YOU'RE INSULIN 

459
00:21:58,180 --> 00:21:59,448
RESISTANT YOU'RE ON AVERAGE 

460
00:21:59,448 --> 00:22:03,719
GOING TO BE A POTATO AND PASTA 

461
00:22:03,719 --> 00:22:05,221
SPIKER AND IT'S DIFFERENT IF YOU

462
00:22:05,221 --> 00:22:09,225
HAVE DIFFERENT SUBTYPES.

463
00:22:09,225 --> 00:22:11,394
YOUR LIFESTYLE WE'VE WRITTEN 

464
00:22:11,394 --> 00:22:15,264
ALGORITHMS TO MATCH LIFESTYLES 

465
00:22:15,264 --> 00:22:16,465
WITH PEOPLE'S RESPONSE AND 

466
00:22:16,465 --> 00:22:17,266
USEFUL HEALTH THINGS.

467
00:22:17,266 --> 00:22:20,302
THE LAST THING IS THE IDEA OF 

468
00:22:20,302 --> 00:22:21,270
HOME MICROSAMPLING.

469
00:22:21,270 --> 00:22:23,539
HERE'S HOW IT WORKS.

470
00:22:23,539 --> 00:22:26,142
YOU TAKE LITTLE DROPS OF BLOOD, 

471
00:22:26,142 --> 00:22:29,612
MAIL TO US AND WE'LL DO DEEP 

472
00:22:29,612 --> 00:22:31,981
PROFILES AND DIFFERENT OMICS AND

473
00:22:31,981 --> 00:22:35,051
MEASURE ABOUT 7,000 MARKERS IN A

474
00:22:35,051 --> 00:22:37,119
FAIRLY QUANTITATIVE FASHION.

475
00:22:37,119 --> 00:22:39,455
THESE ARE FAIRLY STABLE.

476
00:22:39,455 --> 00:22:41,991
WE'VE DONE A LOT OF WORK AND 

477
00:22:41,991 --> 00:22:43,826
HAVE SEVERAL METHOD FOR 

478
00:22:43,826 --> 00:22:45,628
COLLECTIONS.

479
00:22:45,628 --> 00:22:53,669
LIPIDS ARE A MIXED BAG AND IF 

480
00:22:53,669 --> 00:22:57,073
YOU DRINK AN ENSURE SHAKE SOME 

481
00:22:57,073 --> 00:22:58,040
PEOPLE IT WILL BE 

482
00:22:58,040 --> 00:23:02,111
PRO-INFLAMMATORY FOR OTHERS 

483
00:23:02,111 --> 00:23:02,578
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY.

484
00:23:02,578 --> 00:23:03,713
VERY DIFFERENT RESPONSE.

485
00:23:03,713 --> 00:23:06,348
THIS IS ONE PERSON WHO GOT A 

486
00:23:06,348 --> 00:23:09,051
MICROSAMPLE EVERY HOUR FOR SEVEN

487
00:23:09,051 --> 00:23:11,220
STRAIGHT DAYS DURING WAKING 

488
00:23:11,220 --> 00:23:14,690
HOURS WHILE WEARING A CGN AND 

489
00:23:14,690 --> 00:23:18,694
SMART WATCH MEASURING FLEW COSE 

490
00:23:18,694 --> 00:23:22,498
AND ACTIVITY AND -- GLUCOSE AND 

491
00:23:22,498 --> 00:23:23,365
ACTIVITY AND WE'RE TRYING TO 

492
00:23:23,365 --> 00:23:25,201
MATCH THEIR PHYSIOLOGY WITH 

493
00:23:25,201 --> 00:23:26,702
LIFESTYLE AND STEPS AND OTHER 

494
00:23:26,702 --> 00:23:30,706
THINGS THEY DO AND YOU CAN GET 

495
00:23:30,706 --> 00:23:33,275
THOUSANDS OF CORRELATIONS.

496
00:23:33,275 --> 00:23:36,879
WE CAN MAKE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN

497
00:23:36,879 --> 00:23:42,218
ACTIVITY AND OTHER CYTOKINES AND

498
00:23:42,218 --> 00:23:42,451
LIPIDS.

499
00:23:42,451 --> 00:23:45,688
YOU CAN SEE THE PEPTIDES AND 

500
00:23:45,688 --> 00:23:47,189
GLUCOSE AND YOU MEASURE 

501
00:23:47,189 --> 00:23:49,458
PRECISELY FOR THIS PERSON AND 

502
00:23:49,458 --> 00:23:51,560
TURNS OUT YOUR BLOOD IS BOUNCING

503
00:23:51,560 --> 00:23:51,794
AROUND.

504
00:23:51,794 --> 00:23:53,863
IT'S TOTAL BLOOD AND WE THINK 

505
00:23:53,863 --> 00:23:54,697
IT'S FOLLOWING A PATTERN THAT'S 

506
00:23:54,697 --> 00:23:58,100
SIMILAR TO STRESS.

507
00:23:58,100 --> 00:24:01,971
SO WE CAN MEASURE THE BLOOD.

508
00:24:01,971 --> 00:24:02,505
IT'S CONTROVERSIAL.

509
00:24:02,505 --> 00:24:03,973
THAT'S IT.

510
00:24:03,973 --> 00:24:06,709
HERE'S A SUMMARY.

511
00:24:06,709 --> 00:24:12,148
DEEP DATA LINK IS POWERFUL AND 

512
00:24:12,148 --> 00:24:12,848
LONGITUDINAL MONITORING IS VERY 

513
00:24:12,848 --> 00:24:13,749
POWERFUL AND HERE'S THE PEOPLE 

514
00:24:13,749 --> 00:24:14,150
WHO DID THE WORK.

515
00:24:14,150 --> 00:24:24,293
THANKS.

516
00:24:39,475 --> 00:24:40,776
>> NOW RHODA AU FROM
BOSTON 

517
00:24:40,776 --> 00:24:41,844
UNIVERSITY.

518
00:24:41,844 --> 00:24:46,882
>> ONE THING I HOPE YOU
TAKE 

519
00:24:46,882 --> 00:24:52,454
AWAY IS DIGITAL BIOMARKERS AND 

520
00:24:52,454 --> 00:24:53,756
PHENOTYPING HAVE NOT THE SAME 

521
00:24:53,756 --> 00:24:57,393
THING AND WE HOPE TO GET TO 

522
00:24:57,393 --> 00:24:57,693
BIOMARKERS.

523
00:24:57,693 --> 00:25:00,196
JUST TO GIVE YOU A LITTLE BIT OF

524
00:25:00,196 --> 00:25:01,931
CONTEXT WHERE DIGITAL NOW 

525
00:25:01,931 --> 00:25:04,233
STANDS, SINCE THE LAST SUM IT 

526
00:25:04,233 --> 00:25:06,635
WE'VE BEEN VERY PRODUCTIVE AS WE

527
00:25:06,635 --> 00:25:08,571
HEARD IN THE LAST COUPLE DAYS 

528
00:25:08,571 --> 00:25:10,039
AND WILL FOR THE REMAINDER OF 

529
00:25:10,039 --> 00:25:10,573
TODAY.

530
00:25:10,573 --> 00:25:14,176
WE'VE BEEN GENERATING LOTS OF 

531
00:25:14,176 --> 00:25:14,743
SCIENCE IN THE ALZHEIMER'S 

532
00:25:14,743 --> 00:25:15,744
DISEASE SPACE OVER THE LAST FEW 

533
00:25:15,744 --> 00:25:21,383
YEARS.

534
00:25:21,383 --> 00:25:23,118
WHERE DOES DIGITAL FIT IN?

535
00:25:23,118 --> 00:25:25,554
THERE'S A FAIR NUMBER OF GROWING

536
00:25:25,554 --> 00:25:27,556
PUBLICATION INTERESTS IN THE 

537
00:25:27,556 --> 00:25:29,792
AREA OF DIGITAL.

538
00:25:29,792 --> 00:25:32,061
IF YOU LOOK AT SPECIFICALLY AT 

539
00:25:32,061 --> 00:25:33,495
THE CONCEPT OF DIGITAL 

540
00:25:33,495 --> 00:25:35,531
BIOMARKERS YOU'LL FIND THAT'S A 

541
00:25:35,531 --> 00:25:39,235
SMALLER SUBSET BUT ONE OF THE 

542
00:25:39,235 --> 00:25:40,636
THINGS THAT'S VERY IMPORTANT TO 

543
00:25:40,636 --> 00:25:42,972
REALIZE ABOUT THE LITERATURE 

544
00:25:42,972 --> 00:25:45,741
TODAY IS THE ACTUAL NUMBER OF 

545
00:25:45,741 --> 00:25:48,711
STUDIES DOING WORK RELATED TO 

546
00:25:48,711 --> 00:25:51,580
DISCOVERY VALIDATION OF A 

547
00:25:51,580 --> 00:25:53,282
DIGITAL BIOMARKER IS EVEN A 

548
00:25:53,282 --> 00:25:54,516
SMALLER SUBSET.

549
00:25:54,516 --> 00:25:56,719
THE TAKE HOME MESSAGE IS IT'S 

550
00:25:56,719 --> 00:25:57,519
NOW OF GREAT INTEREST.

551
00:25:57,519 --> 00:25:59,521
IT'S NO LONGER EMERGING.

552
00:25:59,521 --> 00:26:01,457
IT'S MOVING INTO THE MAINSTREAM 

553
00:26:01,457 --> 00:26:02,725
BUT WE HAVE MANY MANY THINGS 

554
00:26:02,725 --> 00:26:07,830
STILL LEFT TO DO.

555
00:26:07,830 --> 00:26:10,199
THE FDA TAKEN AN INTEREST IN THE

556
00:26:10,199 --> 00:26:12,401
CONCEPT OF DIGITAL BIOMARKERS 

557
00:26:12,401 --> 00:26:13,769
AND STARTED TO PROVIDE SOME 

558
00:26:13,769 --> 00:26:14,270
DEFINITION.

559
00:26:14,270 --> 00:26:16,105
I THINK THE MOST IMPORTANT THING

560
00:26:16,105 --> 00:26:19,608
IS WHEN WE'RE GOING TO DIGITAL, 

561
00:26:19,608 --> 00:26:25,314
WE'RE TRYING TO CREATE OBJECTIVE

562
00:26:25,314 --> 00:26:29,218
MEASURES.

563
00:26:29,218 --> 00:26:32,121
IN THAT SENSE IT'S NO DIFFERENT 

564
00:26:32,121 --> 00:26:35,491
FROM BIOMARKERS AND THE DIGITAL 

565
00:26:35,491 --> 00:26:38,160
ERA IS HERE NOW.

566
00:26:38,160 --> 00:26:40,129
AS WE JUST HEARD THERE'S LOTS 

567
00:26:40,129 --> 00:26:43,165
AND LOTS OF DEVICES, 

568
00:26:43,165 --> 00:26:45,200
APPLICATIONS IN HOME SENSORS, 

569
00:26:45,200 --> 00:26:45,467
ETCETERA.

570
00:26:45,467 --> 00:26:46,068
THIS IS GOING TO CONTINUE TO 

571
00:26:46,068 --> 00:26:47,269
GROW.

572
00:26:47,269 --> 00:26:49,305
SO WE REALLY NEED TO THINK ABOUT

573
00:26:49,305 --> 00:26:52,541
HOW WE'RE GOING TO HARNESS THIS 

574
00:26:52,541 --> 00:26:53,742
EXTRAORDINARY RESOURCE THAT 

575
00:26:53,742 --> 00:26:56,412
WE'RE GENERATING ON A CONTINUOUS

576
00:26:56,412 --> 00:26:57,279
BASIS.

577
00:26:57,279 --> 00:27:00,316
SO IF WE THINK ABOUT DIGITAL 

578
00:27:00,316 --> 00:27:02,685
BIOMARKERS TODAY WE'RE REALLY 

579
00:27:02,685 --> 00:27:03,953
LOOKING AT ONES OBVIOUSLY 

580
00:27:03,953 --> 00:27:07,923
DIAGNOSTIC AND THEN THE ONES 

581
00:27:07,923 --> 00:27:11,794
THAT ARE REACTIVE TO TREATMENTS 

582
00:27:11,794 --> 00:27:13,262
WHICH IS WHAT CLINICAL TRIALS IS

583
00:27:13,262 --> 00:27:15,731
INTERESTED IN AND THE CONCEPT OF

584
00:27:15,731 --> 00:27:18,200
ONGOING MONITORING FOR CHANGES 

585
00:27:18,200 --> 00:27:19,601
RELATED TO THE DISEASE OF 

586
00:27:19,601 --> 00:27:21,370
INTEREST WHICH IN THIS CASE IS 

587
00:27:21,370 --> 00:27:22,738
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.

588
00:27:22,738 --> 00:27:26,709
SO IF WE THINK ABOUT ALL THE 

589
00:27:26,709 --> 00:27:28,544
DIFFERENT WAYS IN WHICH WE CAN 

590
00:27:28,544 --> 00:27:30,412
COLLECT DIGITAL DATA WHICH 

591
00:27:30,412 --> 00:27:32,014
MICHAEL JUST TALKED ABOUT, I 

592
00:27:32,014 --> 00:27:34,750
THINK THE IMPORTANT THING TO 

593
00:27:34,750 --> 00:27:37,319
REMEMBER TODAY RIGHT NOW MUCH OF

594
00:27:37,319 --> 00:27:39,521
WHAT WE DO IS REALLY FALLING IN 

595
00:27:39,521 --> 00:27:41,590
THE REALM OF DIGITAL 

596
00:27:41,590 --> 00:27:42,257
PHENOTYPING.

597
00:27:42,257 --> 00:27:44,293
WE'RE MEASURING LOTS AND LOTS OF

598
00:27:44,293 --> 00:27:44,593
THINGS.

599
00:27:44,593 --> 00:27:49,031
THE GOAL HERE IS HOW DO WE GET 

600
00:27:49,031 --> 00:27:53,302
FROM WHAT I SAY IS MOSTLY 

601
00:27:53,302 --> 00:27:55,504
DERIVED MEASURES FROM DIGITAL 

602
00:27:55,504 --> 00:27:55,838
DEVICES.

603
00:27:55,838 --> 00:27:59,074
THESE ARE DIGITAL MEASURES OF 

604
00:27:59,074 --> 00:28:00,442
BEHAVIORS OF INTEREST.

605
00:28:00,442 --> 00:28:03,879
AND I THINK THE REAL GOAL IS HOW

606
00:28:03,879 --> 00:28:06,281
DO WE GET TO THIS NEW REALITY OF

607
00:28:06,281 --> 00:28:08,484
WHAT A DIGITAL BIOMARKER IS 

608
00:28:08,484 --> 00:28:09,051
LIKELY TO BE.

609
00:28:09,051 --> 00:28:10,652
BECAUSE OF THE WAY IN WHICH 

610
00:28:10,652 --> 00:28:12,054
WE'RE COLLECTING THE DATA 

611
00:28:12,054 --> 00:28:12,988
THROUGH ALL THESE DIFFERENT 

612
00:28:12,988 --> 00:28:16,058
TYPES OF APPLICATIONS, DEVICES, 

613
00:28:16,058 --> 00:28:18,694
SENSORS, ETCETERA, I THINK WHAT 

614
00:28:18,694 --> 00:28:20,996
WE HAVE TO RETHINK IS WHAT DOES 

615
00:28:20,996 --> 00:28:23,599
THE BIOMARKER SIGNAL REALLY LOOK

616
00:28:23,599 --> 00:28:23,899
LIKE?

617
00:28:23,899 --> 00:28:26,068
I THINK IT'S GOING TO BE VERY 

618
00:28:26,068 --> 00:28:28,837
DYNAMIC, FLOWING, CHANGING 

619
00:28:28,837 --> 00:28:29,805
REFLECTING THE HETEROGENEITY IN 

620
00:28:29,805 --> 00:28:33,075
ALL THESE BEHAVIORS OF INTEREST.

621
00:28:33,075 --> 00:28:35,844
SO I THINK THAT'S THE REAL 

622
00:28:35,844 --> 00:28:36,111
CHALLENGE.

623
00:28:36,111 --> 00:28:37,079
I'M GOING TO JUST SHIFT A LITTLE

624
00:28:37,079 --> 00:28:38,680
BIT AND TALK ABOUT SOME OF THE 

625
00:28:38,680 --> 00:28:45,754
WORK THAT MY COLLEAGUES HAVE 

626
00:28:45,754 --> 00:28:53,729
DONE IN LOOKING AT SOME OF THE 

627
00:28:53,729 --> 00:28:55,831
VOICE RECORDINGS THROUGH THE 

628
00:28:55,831 --> 00:28:57,299
FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY.

629
00:28:57,299 --> 00:29:00,102
WHAT'S IMPORTANT ABOUT WHAT THE 

630
00:29:00,102 --> 00:29:02,237
PAPER HAS DONE IS USING 

631
00:29:02,237 --> 00:29:03,705
AUTOMATED PROCESSING.

632
00:29:03,705 --> 00:29:08,410
IT'S COMPLETELY DATA SCIENCE 

633
00:29:08,410 --> 00:29:10,712
A.I.-DRIVEN, HANDS FREE.

634
00:29:10,712 --> 00:29:14,216
THERE'S NO MANUAL INTERVENTION.

635
00:29:14,216 --> 00:29:16,685
THEY TOOK RECORDINGS WE HAVE 

636
00:29:16,685 --> 00:29:17,319
BEEN COLLECTING SINCE 2005 IN 

637
00:29:17,319 --> 00:29:20,622
THE COHORT AND FOLLOWED THEM 

638
00:29:20,622 --> 00:29:22,691
LONGITUDINALLY FOR INCIDENT 

639
00:29:22,691 --> 00:29:28,297
CHANGES IN MCI AND 2 DEMENTIA.

640
00:29:28,297 --> 00:29:32,835
THE TEAM TOOK ALL THOSE 

641
00:29:32,835 --> 00:29:36,238
RECORDINGS, PROCESSED THEM, 

642
00:29:36,238 --> 00:29:36,805
EXTRACTED AUTOMATED 

643
00:29:36,805 --> 00:29:42,711
TRANSCRIPTIONS AND ANALYZED 

644
00:29:42,711 --> 00:29:44,012
THAT.

645
00:29:44,012 --> 00:29:46,515
IN LOOKING AT THE ABILITY OF 

646
00:29:46,515 --> 00:29:49,184
PREDICTION OF LATER ONSET 

647
00:29:49,184 --> 00:29:51,753
DEMENTIA THEY FOUND IT'S THE 

648
00:29:51,753 --> 00:29:54,656
SPEECH RELATED MEASURES THAT 

649
00:29:54,656 --> 00:29:58,660
WERE MOST PREDICTIVE COMPARED TO

650
00:29:58,660 --> 00:30:00,596
SOME OTHER MEASURES OF INTEREST 

651
00:30:00,596 --> 00:30:06,068
THAT ARE TYPICALLY USED TO 

652
00:30:06,068 --> 00:30:06,468
EVALUATE DEMENTIA.

653
00:30:06,468 --> 00:30:12,774
AND I THINK WHAT'S IMPORTANT IS 

654
00:30:12,774 --> 00:30:14,776
THAT THE SPEECH ALONE WAS ABLE 

655
00:30:14,776 --> 00:30:18,113
TO PREDICT WITH ALMOST AS GREAT 

656
00:30:18,113 --> 00:30:19,581
AS SENSITIVITY IF YOU COMBINE 

657
00:30:19,581 --> 00:30:19,781
THEM.

658
00:30:19,781 --> 00:30:22,384
YOU DON'T GET A LOT OF ADDED 

659
00:30:22,384 --> 00:30:25,287
VALUE BY ADDING IN ADDITIONAL 

660
00:30:25,287 --> 00:30:27,089
INFORMATION AND THIS HIGHLIGHTS 

661
00:30:27,089 --> 00:30:30,592
HOW MUCH SPEECH AS A POTENTIAL 

662
00:30:30,592 --> 00:30:33,262
MEASURE OF COGNITION AND AS A 

663
00:30:33,262 --> 00:30:35,264
MEASURE PREDICTIVE OF LATER 

664
00:30:35,264 --> 00:30:38,767
POTENTIAL ONSET OF DEMENTIA CAN 

665
00:30:38,767 --> 00:30:42,037
BE VERY POWERFUL.

666
00:30:42,037 --> 00:30:43,906
AND THE REASON I LIKE TO 

667
00:30:43,906 --> 00:30:46,842
HIGHLIGHT DIGITAL VOICE IS 

668
00:30:46,842 --> 00:30:54,249
BECAUSE IT'S SO EASY TO COLLECT.

669
00:30:54,249 --> 00:30:57,219
IN ADDITION TO THE FRAMINGHAM 

670
00:30:57,219 --> 00:30:58,954
HEART STUDY SINCE 2005 THE 

671
00:30:58,954 --> 00:31:00,055
ALZHEIMER'S RESEARCH CENTERS ARE

672
00:31:00,055 --> 00:31:02,691
ABOUT TO LAUNCH AND START 

673
00:31:02,691 --> 00:31:03,825
COLLECTING DIGITAL VOICE AS WELL

674
00:31:03,825 --> 00:31:09,765
AS PART OF THEIR UDS4.0 AND WE 

675
00:31:09,765 --> 00:31:14,369
HAVE ADNI.

676
00:31:14,369 --> 00:31:16,772
WHAT'S HAPPENING IS BECAUSE IT'S

677
00:31:16,772 --> 00:31:21,076
SO EASY TO COMPLEX AND SPEAKING 

678
00:31:21,076 --> 00:31:22,711
IS A COGNITIVELY COMPLEX TASK 

679
00:31:22,711 --> 00:31:24,880
IT'S ABLE TO PUSH FORWARD AT A 

680
00:31:24,880 --> 00:31:26,682
SCALABLE LEVEL QUICKLY.

681
00:31:26,682 --> 00:31:28,917
IF WE THINK WHERE WE ARE TODAY, 

682
00:31:28,917 --> 00:31:31,019
WE'VE BEEN COLLECTING LOTS OF 

683
00:31:31,019 --> 00:31:33,155
DATA AND NOW WE'RE STARTING TO 

684
00:31:33,155 --> 00:31:36,858
COLLECT DIGITAL DATA.

685
00:31:36,858 --> 00:31:42,531
HERE'S THE PROBLEM, THE 

686
00:31:42,531 --> 00:31:43,165
INTEROPERABILITY PLATFORMS 

687
00:31:43,165 --> 00:31:44,566
ACTUALLY CAN'T STORE ALL THIS 

688
00:31:44,566 --> 00:31:46,702
DIGITAL DATA AND THEREFORE WE 

689
00:31:46,702 --> 00:31:49,538
HAVE A DISCONNECT AS A RESULT 

690
00:31:49,538 --> 00:31:52,341
WHAT'S HAPPENING IS WE HAVE ALL 

691
00:31:52,341 --> 00:31:54,109
THIS GREAT CLINICAL AND 

692
00:31:54,109 --> 00:31:56,044
BIOMARKER DATA AND GREAT DIGITAL

693
00:31:56,044 --> 00:31:57,346
DATA YET WE'RE NOT ABLE TO DO 

694
00:31:57,346 --> 00:32:00,082
THE SCIENCE OF COMBINING THEM 

695
00:32:00,082 --> 00:32:00,349
TOGETHER.

696
00:32:00,349 --> 00:32:03,752
SO AS WE THINK ABOUT HOW TO GO 

697
00:32:03,752 --> 00:32:05,487
FORWARD, BLOOD CONTINUES TO LEAD

698
00:32:05,487 --> 00:32:07,556
THE CHANGE AND IT'S ALSO EASY TO

699
00:32:07,556 --> 00:32:09,758
COLLECT, STORE AND THEN ANALYZE 

700
00:32:09,758 --> 00:32:11,293
AND WE HAVE.

701
00:32:11,293 --> 00:32:13,495
WE'VE ANALYZED IT FROM A NUMBER 

702
00:32:13,495 --> 00:32:17,733
OF NOW EMERGING BIOMARKERS AS 

703
00:32:17,733 --> 00:32:19,968
WELL GENETIC, GENOMICS, 

704
00:32:19,968 --> 00:32:20,235
ETCETERA.

705
00:32:20,235 --> 00:32:22,471
I LIKE TO THINK ABOUT DIGITAL IN

706
00:32:22,471 --> 00:32:22,971
THE SAME WAY.

707
00:32:22,971 --> 00:32:25,774
THERE'S LOTS AND LOTS OF DEVICES

708
00:32:25,774 --> 00:32:28,076
NOW THAT CAN COLLECT DIGITAL 

709
00:32:28,076 --> 00:32:28,644
DATA.

710
00:32:28,644 --> 00:32:32,080
YOU CAN ACTUALLY STORE THE DATA 

711
00:32:32,080 --> 00:32:33,782
LIKE YOU WOULD BLOOD AND THEN 

712
00:32:33,782 --> 00:32:39,421
YOU CAN PUSH THIS DATA OUT AND 

713
00:32:39,421 --> 00:32:42,791
SHARE IT IN THIS KAY START TO 

714
00:32:42,791 --> 00:32:44,926
MOVE TO THE DIGITAL BIOMARKER 

715
00:32:44,926 --> 00:32:46,261
REALITY I PRESENTED EARLIER AND 

716
00:32:46,261 --> 00:32:49,064
I'D LIKE TO THINK ABOUT DIGITAL 

717
00:32:49,064 --> 00:32:52,567
THEN AS BEING THE NEW BLOOD.

718
00:32:52,567 --> 00:32:54,703
SO AS WE SORT OF MOVE INTO THIS 

719
00:32:54,703 --> 00:32:57,372
REALM WHERE WE NEED TO NOW 

720
00:32:57,372 --> 00:32:59,908
COMBINE ALL THESE DIFFERENT 

721
00:32:59,908 --> 00:33:00,609
BIOMARKERS OF INTEREST TOGETHER 

722
00:33:00,609 --> 00:33:02,678
I THINK WHAT WE WANT TO TAKE 

723
00:33:02,678 --> 00:33:04,780
TAKEAWAY FROM US IS WE'RE AT A 

724
00:33:04,780 --> 00:33:07,115
POINT WHERE WE KNOW LONGER HAVE 

725
00:33:07,115 --> 00:33:08,216
TO BE PATIENT WAITING FOR THIS 

726
00:33:08,216 --> 00:33:11,787
TO HAPPEN BECAUSE IT'S NOW READY

727
00:33:11,787 --> 00:33:13,522
TO HAPPEN TODAY.

728
00:33:13,522 --> 00:33:20,829
WITH THAT I ENDED EARLY.

729
00:33:20,829 --> 00:33:23,365
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH, DR.
AU.

730
00:33:23,365 --> 00:33:25,600
THE NEXT SPEAKER IS LEE 

731
00:33:25,600 --> 00:33:26,468
GOLDSTEIN ALSO FROM BOSTON 

732
00:33:26,468 --> 00:33:26,768
UNIVERSITY.

733
00:33:26,768 --> 00:33:36,912
WELCOME.

734
00:33:40,949 --> 00:33:41,983
>> THANK YOU.

735
00:33:41,983 --> 00:33:43,218
I'VE BEEN ASKED TO TALK ABOUT 

736
00:33:43,218 --> 00:33:45,287
OCULAR BIOMARKERS WITH THE FOCUS

737
00:33:45,287 --> 00:33:46,521
ON THE LENS.

738
00:33:46,521 --> 00:33:49,291
MY DISCLOSURES ARE LISTED BELOW.

739
00:33:49,291 --> 00:33:51,760
TO REMIND YOU FROM JUNIOR HIGH 

740
00:33:51,760 --> 00:33:52,594
SCHOOL OR HIGH SCHOOL BIOLOGY 

741
00:33:52,594 --> 00:33:55,063
THE LENS IS PART OF THE EYE.

742
00:33:55,063 --> 00:33:58,900
IT'S NOT A PIECE OF GLASS IN 

743
00:33:58,900 --> 00:34:01,536
YOUR HEAD IT'S A LIVING TISSUE 

744
00:34:01,536 --> 00:34:03,472
IN THE EYE AND WILL REMAIN A 

745
00:34:03,472 --> 00:34:05,240
LIVING TISSUE LONGER THAN YOU'LL

746
00:34:05,240 --> 00:34:07,042
BE ALIVE.

747
00:34:07,042 --> 00:34:09,144
OFTEN BY AS MANY AS DAYS TO 

748
00:34:09,144 --> 00:34:09,711
WEEKS.

749
00:34:09,711 --> 00:34:15,417
IT'S IN THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT

750
00:34:15,417 --> 00:34:21,623
BEHIND THE CORNEA AND AQUEOUS 

751
00:34:21,623 --> 00:34:24,259
FLUID AND RECITES HERE.

752
00:34:24,259 --> 00:34:25,694
IT GROWS THROUGHOUT LIFE 

753
00:34:25,694 --> 00:34:26,762
ACTUALLY BEFORE LIFE AND 

754
00:34:26,762 --> 00:34:28,163
CONTINUES AFTER LIFE, BELIEVE IT

755
00:34:28,163 --> 00:34:28,830
OR NOT.

756
00:34:28,830 --> 00:34:32,401
YOU HAVE THE OLDEST PROTEIN IN 

757
00:34:32,401 --> 00:34:34,302
THE BODY ONE OF THE FEW PLACES 

758
00:34:34,302 --> 00:34:35,771
WHERE YOU HAVE PROTEIN FROM 

759
00:34:35,771 --> 00:34:37,672
BEFORE BIRTH AND WE USE THIS FOR

760
00:34:37,672 --> 00:34:38,707
ANOTHER TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY TO 

761
00:34:38,707 --> 00:34:41,143
LOOK AT MOLECULAR AGING.

762
00:34:41,143 --> 00:34:42,711
WE HAVE SOME PUBLICATIONS ON 

763
00:34:42,711 --> 00:34:44,913
THAT I WON'T GET INTO HERE.

764
00:34:44,913 --> 00:34:48,550
THESE ARE POTENTIALLY RELATED 

765
00:34:48,550 --> 00:34:50,085
STEM CELLS THAT RESIDE THROUGH 

766
00:34:50,085 --> 00:34:55,490
LIFE AND DIFFERENTIATE INTO 

767
00:34:55,490 --> 00:34:57,759
FIBER CELLS AND GROWS LIKE A 

768
00:34:57,759 --> 00:35:01,430
TREE WITH GROWTH RINGS AND THE 

769
00:35:01,430 --> 00:35:05,200
PATHOLOGY IS UNDER THE IRIS AT 

770
00:35:05,200 --> 00:35:08,036
THE POSTERIOR REGION WHICH IS 

771
00:35:08,036 --> 00:35:10,705
NOT LONG THE OPTICAL AXIS.

772
00:35:10,705 --> 00:35:13,141
THE DOESN'T IMPAIR VISION AND 

773
00:35:13,141 --> 00:35:17,045
THE CELLS ARE VERY MUCH ALIVE 

774
00:35:17,045 --> 00:35:18,914
AND THE ONES IN THE CENTER ARE 

775
00:35:18,914 --> 00:35:21,550
OLDER THAN YOU ARE AND THE 

776
00:35:21,550 --> 00:35:22,184
DIFFERENTIATION PROCESS OCCURS 

777
00:35:22,184 --> 00:35:24,653
WHERE I'LL SHOW YOU THE 

778
00:35:24,653 --> 00:35:24,920
PATHOLOGY.

779
00:35:24,920 --> 00:35:29,758
THERE'S RELATIONSHIP WITH 

780
00:35:29,758 --> 00:35:34,329
NEURONS AT THE TERMINAL DE RIFF 

781
00:35:34,329 --> 00:35:38,733
TIFS FROM STEM CELLS AND 

782
00:35:38,733 --> 00:35:41,403
POST-MITOTIC AND THE MACHINERY 

783
00:35:41,403 --> 00:35:45,807
FOR REGENERATING BETA PATHOLOGY 

784
00:35:45,807 --> 00:35:46,741
IS PRESENT.

785
00:35:46,741 --> 00:35:50,712
BACK IN 2003 WE REPORTED IN THE 

786
00:35:50,712 --> 00:35:53,682
LANCET THIS USUAL FINDING TOO 

787
00:35:53,682 --> 00:35:57,786
UNUSUAL FOR PSYCHIATRISTS 

788
00:35:57,786 --> 00:36:03,825
REPORTING OPHTHALMALGIC FINDINGS

789
00:36:03,825 --> 00:36:07,295
AND IT TURNS OUT WE HAVE BETA 

790
00:36:07,295 --> 00:36:10,599
AMYLOID AND IT'S EQUIVALENT TO 

791
00:36:10,599 --> 00:36:11,967
LATE PLAQUE.

792
00:36:11,967 --> 00:36:13,301
THE MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY BEFORE 

793
00:36:13,301 --> 00:36:14,469
THIS IS THE KEY.

794
00:36:14,469 --> 00:36:16,438
WE WON'T LOOK FOR THE CATARACT.

795
00:36:16,438 --> 00:36:19,474
THIS IS A SIGNATURE TIME PART.

796
00:36:19,474 --> 00:36:22,544
THESE ARE VARIOUS PAPERS RELATED

797
00:36:22,544 --> 00:36:23,044
TO THIS.

798
00:36:23,044 --> 00:36:26,314
WE COLLECTED A BUNCH OF LENSES 

799
00:36:26,314 --> 00:36:29,084
FROM ANATOMIC DONORS WHO DONATED

800
00:36:29,084 --> 00:36:30,785
EYES AND BRAIN.

801
00:36:30,785 --> 00:36:38,193
ALL THESE WERE A.D. PATHOLOGY 

802
00:36:38,193 --> 00:36:40,729
CONTROLLED CASES AND HERE'S THE 

803
00:36:40,729 --> 00:36:43,431
CATARACT AND IT'S ABETA.

804
00:36:43,431 --> 00:36:45,267
THIS IS AMYLOID PANELOLOGY IN 

805
00:36:45,267 --> 00:36:48,737
THE LENS OF THE EYE.

806
00:36:48,737 --> 00:36:51,540
HERE'S AN AGE RELATED NUCLEAR 

807
00:36:51,540 --> 00:36:54,743
CATARACT THAT HAS NOTHING TO DO 

808
00:36:54,743 --> 00:36:56,244
WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.

809
00:36:56,244 --> 00:36:58,079
COMORBID IN THE SAME LENS.

810
00:36:58,079 --> 00:37:00,682
YOU SEE DIFFERENT POLYMORPHIC 

811
00:37:00,682 --> 00:37:01,583
EXPRESSION AND IT'S AGE 

812
00:37:01,583 --> 00:37:01,850
DEPENDENT.

813
00:37:01,850 --> 00:37:09,791
WE DON'T SEE THIS IN ANY OTHER 

814
00:37:09,791 --> 00:37:12,227
NON-A.D. DEMENTING DISORDER BY 

815
00:37:12,227 --> 00:37:17,032
VIRAL PENETRANT AND ANATOMICALLY

816
00:37:17,032 --> 00:37:27,576
DISTINCT AND PATHOPHYSIOLIGIALLY

817
00:37:34,583 --> 00:37:41,022
AND LOOK AT CATARACTS AND THE 

818
00:37:41,022 --> 00:37:44,225
PHENOTYPE IS IDENTICAL TO WHAT 

819
00:37:44,225 --> 00:37:52,300
WE SEE IN A.D. AND IS SHOWING 

820
00:37:52,300 --> 00:37:54,536
FROM THE BRAIN IN THIS DISORDER.

821
00:37:54,536 --> 00:37:56,071
I DRAW YOUR ATTENTION TO THIS 

822
00:37:56,071 --> 00:37:57,105
ONE RIGHT HERE.

823
00:37:57,105 --> 00:38:00,241
THIS IS FROM AN 18 MONTH OLD 

824
00:38:00,241 --> 00:38:07,215
WITHOUT ANY EVIDENCE OF THE 

825
00:38:07,215 --> 00:38:08,817
SIGNATURE SUPER NUCLEAR CATARACT

826
00:38:08,817 --> 00:38:12,253
AND SEE THE AGE DEPENDENCE HERE.

827
00:38:12,253 --> 00:38:14,556
YOU'LL SEE RIGHT HERE, THIS IS 

828
00:38:14,556 --> 00:38:16,391
AN EARLIER SLIDE, THE SAME CASE 

829
00:38:16,391 --> 00:38:17,058
RIGHT HERE.

830
00:38:17,058 --> 00:38:19,294
WHEN WE LOOK AT THE A BETA IN 

831
00:38:19,294 --> 00:38:22,731
THAT REGION OF THE LENS, THIS IS

832
00:38:22,731 --> 00:38:25,867
MORE ABETA THEN WHAT WE SEE IN A

833
00:38:25,867 --> 00:38:29,237
LENS FROM AN INSTATE FAD CASE 

834
00:38:29,237 --> 00:38:33,475
FROM A 57 AND 59-YEAR-OLD.

835
00:38:33,475 --> 00:38:36,344
EXTRAORDINARY AMOUNTS OF A BETA.

836
00:38:36,344 --> 00:38:38,179
WE SEE IT IN DOWN SYNDROME EARLY

837
00:38:38,179 --> 00:38:41,316
BEFORE YOU SEE ELEVATED A BETA 

838
00:38:41,316 --> 00:38:43,018
IN THE DOWN SYNDROME BRAIN.

839
00:38:43,018 --> 00:38:47,322
MOREOVER IT PRECEDES THE SUPER 

840
00:38:47,322 --> 00:38:47,922
NUCLEAR PHENOTYPE.

841
00:38:47,922 --> 00:38:49,658
SO THIS IS EXTRAORDINARY LEVELS 

842
00:38:49,658 --> 00:38:52,093
OF A BETA WE CAN DETECT.

843
00:38:52,093 --> 00:38:53,695
WE TO THE THERE'S A 

844
00:38:53,695 --> 00:38:59,167
CO-LOCALIZATION OF THE PATHOLOGY

845
00:38:59,167 --> 00:39:02,604
AND WE KNOW WHAT CAUSES THE 

846
00:39:02,604 --> 00:39:04,406
CATARACT ITSELF, LIGHT 

847
00:39:04,406 --> 00:39:07,375
SCATTERING FROM THE A BETA AND 

848
00:39:07,375 --> 00:39:08,777
ALPHA B CRYSTALLIN.

849
00:39:08,777 --> 00:39:10,011
WE LEARNED SOMETHING ABOUT THE 

850
00:39:10,011 --> 00:39:11,846
BRAIN FROM LOOKING IN THE LENS.

851
00:39:11,846 --> 00:39:15,150
WE CAN SEE THE INTERACTION 

852
00:39:15,150 --> 00:39:18,353
BETWEEN ALPHA B CRYSTALLIN AND 

853
00:39:18,353 --> 00:39:21,256
HAVE A PAPER COMING OUT SOON AND

854
00:39:21,256 --> 00:39:27,595
KNOW IT'S A BETA BY CHEMICAL AND

855
00:39:27,595 --> 00:39:28,463
MASS SPECTOMETRY METHODS.

856
00:39:28,463 --> 00:39:33,802
THIS LED TO OUR INITIAL 

857
00:39:33,802 --> 00:39:41,443
DEVELOPMENT WORK STARTED WITH 

858
00:39:41,443 --> 00:39:44,446
THE AMERICAN HEALTH ASSISTANCE 

859
00:39:44,446 --> 00:39:45,747
ACROSS TOWN AND COMMERCIALIZED 

860
00:39:45,747 --> 00:39:49,417
THROUGH A COMPANY I STARTED AND 

861
00:39:49,417 --> 00:39:51,786
DISCLOSED, BY THE WAY, TO PICK 

862
00:39:51,786 --> 00:39:54,723
UP NOT THE CATARACT BUT THE 

863
00:39:54,723 --> 00:39:55,690
MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY.

864
00:39:55,690 --> 00:40:02,731
THIS IS BASED ON A FLUORESCENT A

865
00:40:02,731 --> 00:40:07,435
BETA BINDING AND IT'S BEEN 

866
00:40:07,435 --> 00:40:09,771
COMPOUNDED ON ATOM CAL 

867
00:40:09,771 --> 00:40:16,711
APPLICATION AND COMBINES ABETA.

868
00:40:16,711 --> 00:40:20,782
WE CAN APPLY THIS TO THE EYE 

869
00:40:20,782 --> 00:40:26,054
DIRECTLY AND DETECTING USING 

870
00:40:26,054 --> 00:40:28,923
FLUORESCENCE LIFE TIME DECAY 

871
00:40:28,923 --> 00:40:29,257
SPECTROSCOPY.

872
00:40:29,257 --> 00:40:33,161
WE WANT TO PICK UP THE MOLECULAR

873
00:40:33,161 --> 00:40:34,028
SIGNATURES AND HAVE LATER 

874
00:40:34,028 --> 00:40:36,731
VERSIONS OF THIS AND WE HAVE 

875
00:40:36,731 --> 00:40:42,203
EARLY CLINICAL DATA THE COMPANY 

876
00:40:42,203 --> 00:40:43,872
CONDUCTED SHOWING IT'S 

877
00:40:43,872 --> 00:40:44,172
EFFICACIOUS.

878
00:40:44,172 --> 00:40:45,940
THIS IS A DRUG DEVICE PRODUCT 

879
00:40:45,940 --> 00:40:47,776
AND IT'S RECEIVED FDA 

880
00:40:47,776 --> 00:40:57,786
BREAKTHROUGH DESIGNATION STATUS.

881
00:40:57,786 --> 00:41:00,321
IN SUMMARY WE SHOWED THE A BETA 

882
00:41:00,321 --> 00:41:03,024
PHENOTYPE SPECIFIC TO LATE ONSET

883
00:41:03,024 --> 00:41:04,592
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.

884
00:41:04,592 --> 00:41:07,796
WE SEE THE SAME PHENOTYPE IN 

885
00:41:07,796 --> 00:41:09,464
DOWN SYNDROME.

886
00:41:09,464 --> 00:41:13,168
AND WE WORKED THIS OUT IN THE 

887
00:41:13,168 --> 00:41:14,736
TG2 TRANSGENIC MOUSE A COUPLE 

888
00:41:14,736 --> 00:41:16,037
YEARS AGO.

889
00:41:16,037 --> 00:41:18,006
WE SHOWED THERE'S AN AGE 

890
00:41:18,006 --> 00:41:18,706
DEPENDENCE TO THIS EXPRESSION.

891
00:41:18,706 --> 00:41:23,912
I MENTIONED EARLIER ABOUT THE 

892
00:41:23,912 --> 00:41:27,782
AQUEOUS HUMOR EQUIVALENT TO ACF 

893
00:41:27,782 --> 00:41:31,319
AND WERE THE FIRST TO REPORT A 

894
00:41:31,319 --> 00:41:35,490
BETA HERE AND IT TURNS OUT THE A

895
00:41:35,490 --> 00:41:37,158
BETA 40 TO 42 THE CONCENTRATION 

896
00:41:37,158 --> 00:41:40,228
IS SIMILAR TO CSF.

897
00:41:40,228 --> 00:41:41,429
USING THE TECHNOLOGY I JUST 

898
00:41:41,429 --> 00:41:45,333
SHOWED YOU THERE'S POTENTIAL TO 

899
00:41:45,333 --> 00:41:50,705
USE THIS OPTICAL PERISENTISIS 

900
00:41:50,705 --> 00:41:53,675
AND LOOK AT A BETA GENERATION 

901
00:41:53,675 --> 00:41:54,142
USING THE TECHNOLOGY.

902
00:41:54,142 --> 00:41:58,146
THAT'S IN THE FUTURE BUT HAS 

903
00:41:58,146 --> 00:41:58,746
POSSIBILITY.

904
00:41:58,746 --> 00:42:00,448
I MENTIONED WHY WE GET THE 

905
00:42:00,448 --> 00:42:02,250
CATARACT THE FOCAL SCATTER IN 

906
00:42:02,250 --> 00:42:06,621
WHICH THE A BETA ACCUMULATES AND

907
00:42:06,621 --> 00:42:08,890
RECEIVED FDA BREAKTHROUGH DEVICE

908
00:42:08,890 --> 00:42:11,492
DESIGNATION AND AS MENTIONED 

909
00:42:11,492 --> 00:42:13,828
YESTERDAY THIS TAKES A HECK OF A

910
00:42:13,828 --> 00:42:16,598
LONG TIME IN THE LIFE SPAN OF 

911
00:42:16,598 --> 00:42:19,868
ONE LAB, ONE GROUP TO DEVELOP 

912
00:42:19,868 --> 00:42:22,203
THESE TECHNOLOGIES FROM THE 

913
00:42:22,203 --> 00:42:25,139
FLOOR UP TO INITIAL DISCOVERY 

914
00:42:25,139 --> 00:42:26,374
AND THANKFUL FOR NIH SUPPORT TO 

915
00:42:26,374 --> 00:42:29,944
TRY TO DO THE VALIDATION STUDIES

916
00:42:29,944 --> 00:42:31,212
AND COLLABORATIONS AS WE MOVE TO

917
00:42:31,212 --> 00:42:35,817
THE CLINIC.

918
00:42:35,817 --> 00:42:40,688
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

919
00:42:40,688 --> 00:42:42,423
>> THANK YOU.

920
00:42:42,423 --> 00:42:47,996
NEXT SPEAKER IS DR. MATTHIAS 

921
00:42:47,996 --> 00:42:50,732
ARNOLD FROM HELMHOLTZ 

922
00:42:50,732 --> 00:42:51,032
UNIVERSITY.

923
00:42:51,032 --> 00:42:52,934
WELCOME.

924
00:42:52,934 --> 00:42:54,535
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

925
00:42:54,535 --> 00:42:56,771
SO I'VE BEEN INSTRUCTED BY NIH 

926
00:42:56,771 --> 00:43:03,144
TO NOT WASTE MY TIME WITH 

927
00:43:03,144 --> 00:43:07,282
ACKNOWLEDGE MANIES.

928
00:43:07,282 --> 00:43:09,751
 -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND THE 

929
00:43:09,751 --> 00:43:14,088
WORK IS THE WORK OF MANY IN THE 

930
00:43:14,088 --> 00:43:18,359
METABOLISM CONSORTIUM AND 

931
00:43:18,359 --> 00:43:23,765
WITHOUT THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE 

932
00:43:23,765 --> 00:43:27,201
STUDIES AND I'LL TALK ABOUT HOW 

933
00:43:27,201 --> 00:43:29,504
METABOLOMIC CAN HELP BROADEN THE

934
00:43:29,504 --> 00:43:32,573
PORTFOLIO OF BIOMARKERS WE HAVE 

935
00:43:32,573 --> 00:43:34,575
FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.

936
00:43:34,575 --> 00:43:36,077
METABOLOMICS IS THE STUDY OF THE

937
00:43:36,077 --> 00:43:37,845
HUMAN METABOLOME.

938
00:43:37,845 --> 00:43:41,316
AND TO GIVE YOU AN IDEA OF WHAT 

939
00:43:41,316 --> 00:43:42,250
WE'RE WORKING WITH AND WE PUT 

940
00:43:42,250 --> 00:43:45,820
THE CONTENT MUCH A PLATFORM THAT

941
00:43:45,820 --> 00:43:47,188
WE'RE REGULARLY USING ON THE TOP

942
00:43:47,188 --> 00:43:48,923
LEFT OF THE SLIDE.

943
00:43:48,923 --> 00:43:51,693
WHAT YOU SEE IS METABOLOMICS NOT

944
00:43:51,693 --> 00:43:54,796
ONLY COVERS THE BUILDING BLOCKS 

945
00:43:54,796 --> 00:44:01,736
OF NUCLEOTIDES OR AMINO ACIDS 

946
00:44:01,736 --> 00:44:05,473
FOR PROTEINS BUT COVERS AND 

947
00:44:05,473 --> 00:44:10,345
COVER LIPIDS.

948
00:44:10,345 --> 00:44:15,183
WHAT IS ALSO IMPORTANT AND ARE 

949
00:44:15,183 --> 00:44:22,724
BY FUNCTION AND CLASS BEHIND BY 

950
00:44:22,724 --> 00:44:27,829
ENZYMATIC REACTIONS AND IT'S 

951
00:44:27,829 --> 00:44:34,736
HIGHLY DYNAMIC.

952
00:44:34,736 --> 00:44:36,270
THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT CHANGES.

953
00:44:36,270 --> 00:44:40,408
SAME IS TRUE IF YOU TAKE IN 

954
00:44:40,408 --> 00:44:42,510
FOOD, YOU EXERCISE OR ANYTHING 

955
00:44:42,510 --> 00:44:50,051
ELSE AND IT REACHES A STEADY 

956
00:44:50,051 --> 00:44:54,522
STATE AFTER.

957
00:44:54,522 --> 00:44:57,225
AND THERE'S INTAKE OF DRUGS OR 

958
00:44:57,225 --> 00:44:59,861
SUPPLEMENTS AND ALSO THE GUT 

959
00:44:59,861 --> 00:45:01,829
BIOMEDICAL COMPOSITION.

960
00:45:01,829 --> 00:45:03,765
THOSE ARE ONLY A FEW EXAMPLES 

961
00:45:03,765 --> 00:45:06,734
AND SHOW THE DYNAMIC READ OF 

962
00:45:06,734 --> 00:45:17,045
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY.

963
00:45:18,346 --> 00:45:19,781
AND THERE'S DIFFERENT PHENOTYPES

964
00:45:19,781 --> 00:45:23,751
AND WE SEE A FEW METABOLITES ARE

965
00:45:23,751 --> 00:45:25,853
DISEASE SPECIFIC ALONE WHEREAS 

966
00:45:25,853 --> 00:45:27,922
MANY METABOLITES HAVE MANY 

967
00:45:27,922 --> 00:45:33,261
DIFFERENT DISEASES AND THIS 

968
00:45:33,261 --> 00:45:34,962
STAND TO REASON BECAUSE THEY 

969
00:45:34,962 --> 00:45:36,998
COME WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATION.

970
00:45:36,998 --> 00:45:38,733
WE'LL SEE INFLAMMATORY MARKERS 

971
00:45:38,733 --> 00:45:40,701
POPPING UP FOR EACH AND EVERY 

972
00:45:40,701 --> 00:45:41,335
ONE OF THEM.

973
00:45:41,335 --> 00:45:42,737
WHAT IS ALSO IMPORTANT IS MANY 

974
00:45:42,737 --> 00:45:45,840
OF THE CHRONIC CONDITIONS THAT 

975
00:45:45,840 --> 00:45:53,281
ARE OBSERVED IN PATIENTS WITH 

976
00:45:53,281 --> 00:45:54,582
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT YOU HAVE 

977
00:45:54,582 --> 00:45:57,251
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND 

978
00:45:57,251 --> 00:45:57,718
HYPERTENSION.

979
00:45:57,718 --> 00:46:00,054
THE MISSION OF OUR CONSORTIUM 

980
00:46:00,054 --> 00:46:01,789
WAS TO MAP OUT THE ALZHEIMER'S 

981
00:46:01,789 --> 00:46:02,390
DISEASE METABOLOME.

982
00:46:02,390 --> 00:46:03,791
WHAT WE HAVE DONE IN THE LAST 

983
00:46:03,791 --> 00:46:05,927
DECADE OR SO WAS TO GENERATE 

984
00:46:05,927 --> 00:46:10,731
MORE THAN 60,000 METABOLOMIC 

985
00:46:10,731 --> 00:46:14,068
PROFILES UP ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 

986
00:46:14,068 --> 00:46:16,370
STUDY IN BLOOD BRAIN AND MOUSE 

987
00:46:16,370 --> 00:46:17,705
MODELS WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 

988
00:46:17,705 --> 00:46:20,441
AND WE HAVE BEEN USING DIFFERENT

989
00:46:20,441 --> 00:46:21,776
TECHNOLOGIES THERE TO IDENTIFY 

990
00:46:21,776 --> 00:46:22,677
THOSE PATHWAYS THAT ARE RELEVANT

991
00:46:22,677 --> 00:46:26,114
TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.

992
00:46:26,114 --> 00:46:27,849
IN ADDITION TO JUST GENERATING 

993
00:46:27,849 --> 00:46:29,984
THE DATA AND MAKING IT AVAILABLE

994
00:46:29,984 --> 00:46:33,821
WE HAVE INVESTED A LOT OF EFFORT

995
00:46:33,821 --> 00:46:34,956
INTO TECHNOLOGY STANDARDIZATION 

996
00:46:34,956 --> 00:46:37,758
INCLUDING QUALITY CONTROL 

997
00:46:37,758 --> 00:46:39,827
PROCEDURES AND WE ALSO DID 

998
00:46:39,827 --> 00:46:41,095
CROSS-PLATFORM COMPARISONS TO 

999
00:46:41,095 --> 00:46:42,029
IDENTIFY THOSE THAT GIVE THE 

1000
00:46:42,029 --> 00:46:43,865
MOST ROBUST DATA AND HAVE 

1001
00:46:43,865 --> 00:46:46,801
DESCRIBED ALL OF THIS IN 

1002
00:46:46,801 --> 00:46:49,637
ADDITION TO MAKING THE METHODS 

1003
00:46:49,637 --> 00:46:51,372
AVAILABLE AND OUR METHOD KEEP 

1004
00:46:51,372 --> 00:46:57,445
EVOLVING AS WE LEARN MORE SO WE 

1005
00:46:57,445 --> 00:46:59,380
CONTINUE TO CALL FOR PROCESSING 

1006
00:46:59,380 --> 00:47:02,450
ANALYSIS UP STUDY WE PUBLISH.

1007
00:47:02,450 --> 00:47:05,553
NOW, IF WE LOOK AT THE 

1008
00:47:05,553 --> 00:47:06,454
METABOLITE ASSOCIATIONS WE SEE 

1009
00:47:06,454 --> 00:47:08,556
FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IN BLOOD

1010
00:47:08,556 --> 00:47:14,729
AND BRAIN ON A PATHWAY WE SEE 

1011
00:47:14,729 --> 00:47:16,931
INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, 

1012
00:47:16,931 --> 00:47:20,001
CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM AND 

1013
00:47:20,001 --> 00:47:25,039
COMPLEX LIPID METABOLISM AND 

1014
00:47:25,039 --> 00:47:27,041
LOOKING AT THE SINGLE METABOLITE

1015
00:47:27,041 --> 00:47:28,075
LEVER SHOWN IN THE DIAGRAM IN 

1016
00:47:28,075 --> 00:47:30,011
THE MIDDLE THAT IS COMING FROM 

1017
00:47:30,011 --> 00:47:32,713
THE COHORT WHERE WE HAVE HAIR, 

1018
00:47:32,713 --> 00:47:38,286
BLOOD AND BRAIN SAMPLES, WE SEE 

1019
00:47:38,286 --> 00:47:42,190
LESS THAN 20% OF THE METABOLITES

1020
00:47:42,190 --> 00:47:42,823
SHOW CONSISTENT ASSOCIATIONS 

1021
00:47:42,823 --> 00:47:44,392
ACROSS COMPARTMENTS.

1022
00:47:44,392 --> 00:47:46,761
AT THE SINGLE METABOLITE LEVEL 

1023
00:47:46,761 --> 00:47:48,329
THESE ARE MORE COMPLEX.

1024
00:47:48,329 --> 00:47:50,731
THIS IS ALSO TRUE IF YOU COMPARE

1025
00:47:50,731 --> 00:47:53,267
THE RESULTS WE GET FROM BLOOD 

1026
00:47:53,267 --> 00:47:54,135
METABOLOMICS FROM ONE COHORT 

1027
00:47:54,135 --> 00:47:55,469
COMPARED TO ANOTHER.

1028
00:47:55,469 --> 00:47:58,172
WE WERE ASKING OURSELVES WHAT 

1029
00:47:58,172 --> 00:48:00,274
MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO THE 

1030
00:48:00,274 --> 00:48:03,644
HETEROGENEITY WE'RE SEEING.

1031
00:48:03,644 --> 00:48:06,080
WE INVESTIGATED IF THIS COULD BE

1032
00:48:06,080 --> 00:48:10,718
LINKED TO DISEASE HETEROGENEITY.

1033
00:48:10,718 --> 00:48:14,522
WE INVESTIGATED TWO AND LOOKED 

1034
00:48:14,522 --> 00:48:17,758
IF THE METABOLITE ASSOCIATIONS 

1035
00:48:17,758 --> 00:48:18,726
WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE WE 

1036
00:48:18,726 --> 00:48:21,996
OBSERVED AND THE MAJORITY OF 

1037
00:48:21,996 --> 00:48:24,765
ASSOCIATIONS WERE DIFFERENT.

1038
00:48:24,765 --> 00:48:26,500
HOW CAN WE USE IT TO COME UP 

1039
00:48:26,500 --> 00:48:28,402
WITH SOMETHING THAT COULD BE 

1040
00:48:28,402 --> 00:48:32,640
USED AS A BIOMARKER IN 

1041
00:48:32,640 --> 00:48:33,641
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND I'LL 

1042
00:48:33,641 --> 00:48:39,547
GIVE ONE EXAMPLE.

1043
00:48:39,547 --> 00:48:46,787
HERE WE HYPOTHESIZED CAPTURING 

1044
00:48:46,787 --> 00:48:47,922
HETEROGENEITY AND USING PRIOR 

1045
00:48:47,922 --> 00:48:50,725
KNOWLEDGE USING A CLASS OF 

1046
00:48:50,725 --> 00:48:54,729
METABOLITES THAT ARE ESTABLISHED

1047
00:48:54,729 --> 00:48:56,731
MARKERS FOR MITOCHONDRIA AND 

1048
00:48:56,731 --> 00:49:02,737
THOSE METABOLITES ARE MEDIATORS 

1049
00:49:02,737 --> 00:49:04,672
OF THE CYCLE TRANSPORTED IN AND 

1050
00:49:04,672 --> 00:49:09,543
OUT OF MITOCHONDRIA AND 

1051
00:49:09,543 --> 00:49:11,245
BIOMARKERS FOR COMPLEX 

1052
00:49:11,245 --> 00:49:12,780
CONDITIONS LIKE TYPE II DIABETES

1053
00:49:12,780 --> 00:49:13,481
AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.

1054
00:49:13,481 --> 00:49:19,086
IN ADDITION THEY'RE IN ROUTINELY

1055
00:49:19,086 --> 00:49:22,823
USED TO DETECT ERRORS AND SO 

1056
00:49:22,823 --> 00:49:25,960
AREN'T CLINICAL ASSAYS AVAILABLE

1057
00:49:25,960 --> 00:49:27,061
AND THERE'S A STRONG COMPLEX 

1058
00:49:27,061 --> 00:49:29,130
COMPONENT TO THE METABOLITES 

1059
00:49:29,130 --> 00:49:32,333
WHICH ALLOW US TO INVESTIGATE 

1060
00:49:32,333 --> 00:49:33,801
HOW MUCH OF THE DYSREGULATION IN

1061
00:49:33,801 --> 00:49:35,870
THIS PARTICULAR PATHWAY IS 

1062
00:49:35,870 --> 00:49:37,271
LINKED TO GENETICS AND 

1063
00:49:37,271 --> 00:49:39,740
MODIFIABLE FACTORS.

1064
00:49:39,740 --> 00:49:44,178
WHAT WE DID WAS WE USED FASTING 

1065
00:49:44,178 --> 00:49:54,555
SERUM LEVELS OF 23 L-CARNITINE 

1066
00:49:54,555 --> 00:49:56,123
AND THEN PERFORMED 

1067
00:49:56,123 --> 00:49:57,692
IDENTIFICATION AND THAT SHOWED 

1068
00:49:57,692 --> 00:49:59,694
THESE METABOLITES CLUSTER 

1069
00:49:59,694 --> 00:50:02,463
PARTICIPANTS INTO GROUPS OF RISK

1070
00:50:02,463 --> 00:50:04,265
AND RESILIENCE TO ALZHEIMER'S 

1071
00:50:04,265 --> 00:50:04,765
DISEASE.

1072
00:50:04,765 --> 00:50:06,300
WE SAW GENETIC EFFECTS TO 

1073
00:50:06,300 --> 00:50:10,104
IMPAIRMENT OF THE TCA CYCLE LATE

1074
00:50:10,104 --> 00:50:11,772
IN THE DISEASE AND THE GENETIC 

1075
00:50:11,772 --> 00:50:13,908
MARKERS CAN BE USED FOR SUB 

1076
00:50:13,908 --> 00:50:14,975
STRATIFICATION AND MODIFIABLE 

1077
00:50:14,975 --> 00:50:17,345
EFFECTS POINT TO A KEY ROLE OF 

1078
00:50:17,345 --> 00:50:19,647
BETTER OXIDATION THAT MAY BE 

1079
00:50:19,647 --> 00:50:20,915
MODIFIED FOR INSTANCE WITH 

1080
00:50:20,915 --> 00:50:24,852
THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS AND 

1081
00:50:24,852 --> 00:50:26,721
NON THERMALOGIC INTERVENTIONS 

1082
00:50:26,721 --> 00:50:30,391
AND WANTED TO COME UP WITH A 

1083
00:50:30,391 --> 00:50:32,193
COMPOSITE MARKER AND CAME UP 

1084
00:50:32,193 --> 00:50:34,729
WITH A FITNESS METRIC OR AGING 

1085
00:50:34,729 --> 00:50:37,565
CLOCK DERIVED IN A HEALTHY 

1086
00:50:37,565 --> 00:50:39,600
POPULATION-BASED COHORT AND 

1087
00:50:39,600 --> 00:50:43,938
TRANSFERRED WHICH SHOWED US THIS

1088
00:50:43,938 --> 00:50:45,740
CORE WAS FOLLOWING THE 

1089
00:50:45,740 --> 00:50:47,608
CLUSTERING STRUCTURE WE OBSERVED

1090
00:50:47,608 --> 00:50:51,812
AND ALSO ASSOCIATED 

1091
00:50:51,812 --> 00:50:53,514
CROSS-SECTIONALLY WITH 

1092
00:50:53,514 --> 00:50:55,850
BIOMARKERS INCLUDING ENERGETIC 

1093
00:50:55,850 --> 00:50:57,885
STATUS IN THE BRAIN AFTER A PET 

1094
00:50:57,885 --> 00:51:01,021
AND PREDICTIVE FOR FUTURE 

1095
00:51:01,021 --> 00:51:07,395
COGNITIVE PROJECTIONS.

1096
00:51:07,395 --> 00:51:09,330
IN ORDER TO ESTIMATE WE 

1097
00:51:09,330 --> 00:51:14,468
CONDUCTED A CLINICAL TRIAL USING

1098
00:51:14,468 --> 00:51:18,706
THE MOST EXTREME FIT QUARTILE OF

1099
00:51:18,706 --> 00:51:20,941
INDIVIDUALS AS A TREATMENT GROUP

1100
00:51:20,941 --> 00:51:24,612
AND CONTROL GROUP WERE THOSE 

1101
00:51:24,612 --> 00:51:27,381
LEAST FIT AND THEN LOOKED AT HOW

1102
00:51:27,381 --> 00:51:29,383
THE TWO GROUPS ARE DIFFERENT 

1103
00:51:29,383 --> 00:51:30,317
AFTER 18 MONTHS.

1104
00:51:30,317 --> 00:51:35,890
WHAT WE OBSERVED THERE IS WE GET

1105
00:51:35,890 --> 00:51:38,726
TO ESTIMATE WHAT WAS PUBLISHED 

1106
00:51:38,726 --> 00:51:39,660
IN THE TRIAL.

1107
00:51:39,660 --> 00:51:42,596
AND WHAT IS ALSO NOTEWORTHY HERE

1108
00:51:42,596 --> 00:51:44,932
IS WE HAVE MUCH LESS IN OUR 

1109
00:51:44,932 --> 00:51:45,166
STUDIES.

1110
00:51:45,166 --> 00:51:47,902
LESS THAN 200 INDIVIDUALS PER 

1111
00:51:47,902 --> 00:51:51,972
ARM OF THE SIMULATED TRIAL AND 

1112
00:51:51,972 --> 00:51:53,941
THE POWER CALCULATION INDICATED 

1113
00:51:53,941 --> 00:51:55,209
WE NEED MORE THAN 800 AND THE 

1114
00:51:55,209 --> 00:51:59,146
TRIAL HAD MORE THAN  800 

1115
00:51:59,146 --> 00:52:00,614
INDIVIDUALS PER TREATMENT ARM.

1116
00:52:00,614 --> 00:52:02,716
IN ADDITION WE WANTED TO SEE IF 

1117
00:52:02,716 --> 00:52:03,984
THERE ARE RISK FACTORS THAT 

1118
00:52:03,984 --> 00:52:05,052
INFLUENCE POTENTIAL TREATMENT 

1119
00:52:05,052 --> 00:52:06,053
BENEFIT IF YOU WOULD FIND A 

1120
00:52:06,053 --> 00:52:06,720
TREATMENT THAT ACTS ON THE 

1121
00:52:06,720 --> 00:52:09,089
SCORE.

1122
00:52:09,089 --> 00:52:11,158
WHAT WE SAW THERE IS WHILE APOE 

1123
00:52:11,158 --> 00:52:15,696
4 HAD NO ROLE UP THIS, WE SAW 

1124
00:52:15,696 --> 00:52:17,531
ACTUALLY FEMALES WOULD BENEFIT 

1125
00:52:17,531 --> 00:52:20,935
MUCH MORE FROM MODULATING BIO 

1126
00:52:20,935 --> 00:52:22,736
ENERGETIC AGE BY A FACTOR OF 

1127
00:52:22,736 --> 00:52:27,575
ALMOST 2 THAN MALES IN CONTRAST 

1128
00:52:27,575 --> 00:52:29,844
TO RECENT PUBLICATIONS SHOWED 

1129
00:52:29,844 --> 00:52:33,547
FEMALES HAD MUCH LESS OR NO 

1130
00:52:33,547 --> 00:52:33,848
BENEFIT.

1131
00:52:33,848 --> 00:52:36,183
SO WHAT I TRIED TO CONVEY IN THE

1132
00:52:36,183 --> 00:52:38,719
TALK IS THE BLOOD METABOLOME IS 

1133
00:52:38,719 --> 00:52:41,889
A HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY THAT 

1134
00:52:41,889 --> 00:52:45,993
NEVERTHELESS PROVIDERS ROBUST 

1135
00:52:45,993 --> 00:52:49,930
MARKERS FOR HUMAN DISEASE 

1136
00:52:49,930 --> 00:52:50,564
INCLUDING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 

1137
00:52:50,564 --> 00:52:53,501
AND RESILIENCE AND THE TARGETING

1138
00:52:53,501 --> 00:52:55,836
SUCH METABOLIC ASPECTS LIKE THE 

1139
00:52:55,836 --> 00:52:58,672
CAPACITY WITH PHARMACOLOGIC 

1140
00:52:58,672 --> 00:53:02,009
INTERVENTIONS CAN BE A PROMISING

1141
00:53:02,009 --> 00:53:02,776
TREATMENT STRATEGY FOR 

1142
00:53:02,776 --> 00:53:04,411
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND SIMILAR 

1143
00:53:04,411 --> 00:53:07,248
COMPOSITE MEASURES LIKE THIS FOR

1144
00:53:07,248 --> 00:53:08,182
OTHER PATHWAYS FOR ALZHEIMER'S 

1145
00:53:08,182 --> 00:53:09,416
DISEASE NOT ONLY HAVE THE 

1146
00:53:09,416 --> 00:53:12,152
POTENTIAL AS PRECISION MEDICINE 

1147
00:53:12,152 --> 00:53:14,255
BIOMARKERS BUT CAN ACCELERATE 

1148
00:53:14,255 --> 00:53:16,857
CLINICAL TRIALS BECAUSE OF THE 

1149
00:53:16,857 --> 00:53:19,493
DYNAMIC NATURE OF THE METABOLOME

1150
00:53:19,493 --> 00:53:20,561
AND IDENTIFY NOVEL THERAPIES FOR

1151
00:53:20,561 --> 00:53:20,995
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.

1152
00:53:20,995 --> 00:53:31,171
THANK YOU.

1153
00:53:32,706 --> 00:53:34,141
>> NEXT IS ERIK JOHNSON
FROM 

1154
00:53:34,141 --> 00:53:34,542
EMORY UNIVERSITY.

1155
00:53:34,542 --> 00:53:44,618
THANK YOU.

1156
00:53:44,618 --> 00:53:47,354
>> THANK YOU FOR SETTING
UP MY 

1157
00:53:47,354 --> 00:53:48,522
PRESENTATION SO NICELY.

1158
00:53:48,522 --> 00:53:50,024
I'LL TALK ABOUT BIOMARKERS FROM 

1159
00:53:50,024 --> 00:53:52,459
A PROTEOMIC ANGLE.

1160
00:53:52,459 --> 00:53:53,894
I'LL START WITH WORK WE DID A 

1161
00:53:53,894 --> 00:53:55,229
FEW YEARS AGO IN BRAIN.

1162
00:53:55,229 --> 00:54:00,534
WE LOOKED AT THE PROTEOME IN THE

1163
00:54:00,534 --> 00:54:04,104
ROSS MAP AND COHORT ACROSS THE 

1164
00:54:04,104 --> 00:54:07,007
SPECTRUM OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 

1165
00:54:07,007 --> 00:54:12,680
BY MASS SPECTOMETRY AND WE USED 

1166
00:54:12,680 --> 00:54:14,782
TMTMS TO MEASURE OVER 1500 

1167
00:54:14,782 --> 00:54:17,217
PROTEEPZ AND OVER 500 INDIVIDUAL

1168
00:54:17,217 --> 00:54:17,451
TISSUES.

1169
00:54:17,451 --> 00:54:18,719
THAT'S A VERY LARGE SET OF DATA 

1170
00:54:18,719 --> 00:54:20,654
AND THE WAY WE TRY TO INTERPRET 

1171
00:54:20,654 --> 00:54:23,223
THAT TO UNDERSTAND THE DISEASE 

1172
00:54:23,223 --> 00:54:26,527
WE USE A PROTEIN COEXPRESSION 

1173
00:54:26,527 --> 00:54:27,561
THAT CLUSTERS PROTEINS INTO 

1174
00:54:27,561 --> 00:54:29,430
GROUPS WE CALL MODULES.

1175
00:54:29,430 --> 00:54:32,199
AND YOU CAN ANNOTATE THEM THE 

1176
00:54:32,199 --> 00:54:33,334
DIFFERENT GROUPS BY THEIR 

1177
00:54:33,334 --> 00:54:35,936
PRIMARY BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES OR 

1178
00:54:35,936 --> 00:54:36,637
ONCOLOGIES.

1179
00:54:36,637 --> 00:54:38,305
THAT IS WHAT IS SHOWN AROUND THE

1180
00:54:38,305 --> 00:54:39,974
CIRCLE IN THE SPOKES ON THE 

1181
00:54:39,974 --> 00:54:42,009
OUTSIDE OF THE ONTOLOGY AND 

1182
00:54:42,009 --> 00:54:42,610
DIFFERENT MODULES.

1183
00:54:42,610 --> 00:54:44,945
YOU CAN SEE A VERY DIVERSE SET 

1184
00:54:44,945 --> 00:54:45,779
OF ONTOLOGIES HERE.

1185
00:54:45,779 --> 00:54:49,149
I WANT TO TALK ABOUT TWO OF THEM

1186
00:54:49,149 --> 00:54:52,553
PARTICULARLY TODAY AND THAT IS 

1187
00:54:52,553 --> 00:54:57,257
THE M42 MODULE AND ALSO THE M7 

1188
00:54:57,257 --> 00:54:59,259
SIGNALLING AND METABOLISM 

1189
00:54:59,259 --> 00:54:59,526
MODULE.

1190
00:54:59,526 --> 00:55:01,829
THE REASON IS THIS MODULE WE 

1191
00:55:01,829 --> 00:55:04,832
IDENTIFIED WAS ONE WITH THE 

1192
00:55:04,832 --> 00:55:05,833
STRONGEST CORRELATION TO 

1193
00:55:05,833 --> 00:55:06,700
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATHOLOGY IN

1194
00:55:06,700 --> 00:55:09,036
THE BRAIN.

1195
00:55:09,036 --> 00:55:14,341
AND THE MAP KINASE MODULE HAD 

1196
00:55:14,341 --> 00:55:16,477
THE STRONGEST CORRELATION TO 

1197
00:55:16,477 --> 00:55:16,910
FUNCTION.

1198
00:55:16,910 --> 00:55:18,712
IT WASN'T LARGE BUT THEY HAD A 

1199
00:55:18,712 --> 00:55:19,980
COLLECTION OF PROTEINS THAT 

1200
00:55:19,980 --> 00:55:22,116
SEEMED TO BE HIGHLY ASSOCIATED 

1201
00:55:22,116 --> 00:55:25,152
WITH AMYLOID BETA DEPOSITION IN 

1202
00:55:25,152 --> 00:55:27,187
THE BRAIN SHOWN ON THE LEFT.

1203
00:55:27,187 --> 00:55:30,724
AND THEHISTO CHEMISTRY HAS BEEN 

1204
00:55:30,724 --> 00:55:33,594
PERFORMED BY A NUMBER OF GROUPS 

1205
00:55:33,594 --> 00:55:34,728
DEMONSTRATING THIS.

1206
00:55:34,728 --> 00:55:38,732
ONE PROTEIN WAS FROM A MODULE 

1207
00:55:38,732 --> 00:55:40,634
THAT STANDS FOR SPARK RELATED 

1208
00:55:40,634 --> 00:55:42,703
MODULE PROTEIN 1.

1209
00:55:42,703 --> 00:55:44,304
AN EXTRA CELLULAR MATRIX 

1210
00:55:44,304 --> 00:55:44,738
PROTEIN.

1211
00:55:44,738 --> 00:55:46,006
IT'S NOT SOMETHING WE TYPICALLY 

1212
00:55:46,006 --> 00:55:48,509
ASSOCIATE OR HAVE KNOWN IN THE 

1213
00:55:48,509 --> 00:55:51,378
PAST TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH 

1214
00:55:51,378 --> 00:55:51,845
ALZHEIMER'S.

1215
00:55:51,845 --> 00:55:54,848
IT'S A MORPHOGENIC PROTEIN 

1216
00:55:54,848 --> 00:55:57,084
SIGNALLING AND INVOLVES THE 

1217
00:55:57,084 --> 00:56:00,988
SIGNALLING PATHWAY AND PROMOTES 

1218
00:56:00,988 --> 00:56:04,124
ANGIOGENESIS AND A HEPARAN 

1219
00:56:04,124 --> 00:56:04,858
BINDING PROTEIN AS WELL AS 

1220
00:56:04,858 --> 00:56:06,160
OTHERS IN THE MODULE.

1221
00:56:06,160 --> 00:56:09,396
IF YOU LOOK AT BIO FLUIDS IN 

1222
00:56:09,396 --> 00:56:10,998
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE BY MULTIPLE 

1223
00:56:10,998 --> 00:56:14,702
TECHNIQUES YOU CAN SEE IT'S 

1224
00:56:14,702 --> 00:56:15,602
INCREASED.

1225
00:56:15,602 --> 00:56:18,672
CSF AND PLASMA AND SEEMS TO BE 

1226
00:56:18,672 --> 00:56:19,707
RATHER SPECIFIC FOR ALZHEIMER'S 

1227
00:56:19,707 --> 00:56:21,408
DISEASE WHICH MAKES SENSE 

1228
00:56:21,408 --> 00:56:23,310
BECAUSE IT'S ASSOCIATED WITH 

1229
00:56:23,310 --> 00:56:26,413
AMYLOID BETA.

1230
00:56:26,413 --> 00:56:28,982
WE'VE LOOKED AT ALS AND 

1231
00:56:28,982 --> 00:56:30,584
PARKINSON'S DISEASE TO SEE THE 

1232
00:56:30,584 --> 00:56:31,285
SPECIFICITY.

1233
00:56:31,285 --> 00:56:32,920
NOW, WE'RE INTERESTED IN LOOKING

1234
00:56:32,920 --> 00:56:35,589
AT HOW THIS PROTEIN CHANGED OVER

1235
00:56:35,589 --> 00:56:37,224
TIME AND ONE WAY YOU CAN DO THAT

1236
00:56:37,224 --> 00:56:46,066
IS TO LOOK IN A COHORT LIKE THE 

1237
00:56:46,066 --> 00:56:50,404
THIS COHORT THE POWER OF ADAD IS

1238
00:56:50,404 --> 00:56:52,005
YOU KNOW WITH FAIRLY GOOD 

1239
00:56:52,005 --> 00:56:53,173
PRECISION WHEN PEOPLE WILL 

1240
00:56:53,173 --> 00:56:58,112
DEVELOP THE DISEASE AND PUT THIS

1241
00:56:58,112 --> 00:57:02,316
INTO A LONGITUDINAL CONTEXT AND 

1242
00:57:02,316 --> 00:57:03,517
I'M SHOWING TWO MEASURES HERE.

1243
00:57:03,517 --> 00:57:07,721
FIRST IS THE A BETA 42 OVER 40 

1244
00:57:07,721 --> 00:57:11,992
RATIO A GOOD MARKER OF PLAQUE 

1245
00:57:11,992 --> 00:57:16,363
DEPOSITION AND THE PEOPLE WITH 

1246
00:57:16,363 --> 00:57:19,199
AUTOSOMAL MUTATION CARRIERS HAVE

1247
00:57:19,199 --> 00:57:20,634
INCREASED LEVELS EARLY ON IN 

1248
00:57:20,634 --> 00:57:23,070
LIFE BECAUSE THEY PRODUCE MORE 

1249
00:57:23,070 --> 00:57:25,305
42 COMPARED TO 40 AND AS THEY 

1250
00:57:25,305 --> 00:57:28,342
DEVELOP PLAQUE THAT DECREASES.

1251
00:57:28,342 --> 00:57:30,577
IF YOU LOOK AT WHEN THE CHANGE 

1252
00:57:30,577 --> 00:57:33,547
OCCURS COMPARED TO A CONTROL OR 

1253
00:57:33,547 --> 00:57:34,915
NON-CARRIER, THAT'S ABOUT 18 

1254
00:57:34,915 --> 00:57:39,353
YEARS PRIOR TO SYMPTOM ONSET 

1255
00:57:39,353 --> 00:57:42,589
COMPARED TO ONSET OF 0.

1256
00:57:42,589 --> 00:57:44,291
THAT STARTS TO INCREASE IN 

1257
00:57:44,291 --> 00:57:48,462
CARRIERS EARLY AS THE A BETA 42 

1258
00:57:48,462 --> 00:57:50,631
TO 40 IS CHANGES AND IF YOU LOOK

1259
00:57:50,631 --> 00:57:52,566
AT THE ABSOLUTE CHANGE THAT 

1260
00:57:52,566 --> 00:57:54,701
OCCURS ABOUT 29 YEARS PRIOR TO 

1261
00:57:54,701 --> 00:57:57,704
SYMPTOM ONSET.

1262
00:57:57,704 --> 00:57:59,873
AND SO IF WE THEN PUT THIS INTO 

1263
00:57:59,873 --> 00:58:01,208
THE BROADER CONTEXT OF SOME OF 

1264
00:58:01,208 --> 00:58:02,709
THE OTHER PROTEINS WE MEASURED 

1265
00:58:02,709 --> 00:58:06,713
IN THE COHORT YOU CAN SEE THE 

1266
00:58:06,713 --> 00:58:09,950
PROTEINS ARE CHANGING VERY EARLY

1267
00:58:09,950 --> 00:58:13,954
ALONG WITH A BETA 42 OVER 40.

1268
00:58:13,954 --> 00:58:17,224
EARLIER THAN P TAU 217 AND CSF 

1269
00:58:17,224 --> 00:58:20,127
THE RED IS SHOWING THE INCREASE 

1270
00:58:20,127 --> 00:58:20,928
UP CARRIERS.

1271
00:58:20,928 --> 00:58:24,832
YOU CAN SEE IT'S INCREASING EVEN

1272
00:58:24,832 --> 00:58:26,733
EARLIER THAN P TAU 217 AND USE 

1273
00:58:26,733 --> 00:58:28,335
OTHER MARKERS WE ASSOCIATE WITH 

1274
00:58:28,335 --> 00:58:30,637
HOW THEY'RE RELATED TO THE BRAIN

1275
00:58:30,637 --> 00:58:32,206
MODULES WE MEASURE TRANSLATING 

1276
00:58:32,206 --> 00:58:33,674
THE BRAIN TO THE CSF.

1277
00:58:33,674 --> 00:58:36,944
THESE ARE PROTEINS WE MAP TO THE

1278
00:58:36,944 --> 00:58:38,278
BRAIN MODULES TO UNDERSTAND OVER

1279
00:58:38,278 --> 00:58:40,581
TIME HOW THE BRAIN IS CHANGING 

1280
00:58:40,581 --> 00:58:43,250
IN THE EVOLUTION OF AUTOSOMAL 

1281
00:58:43,250 --> 00:58:43,684
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.

1282
00:58:43,684 --> 00:58:46,520
WE SEE EARLY CHANGES IN A BETA 

1283
00:58:46,520 --> 00:58:49,356
PLAQUE FOLLOWED BY SYNAPTIC 

1284
00:58:49,356 --> 00:58:52,226
CHANGES IN GLUCOSE METABOLISM 

1285
00:58:52,226 --> 00:58:54,528
AND RESPONSE AND INTEGRITY AND 

1286
00:58:54,528 --> 00:58:57,531
IMMUNE CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH 

1287
00:58:57,531 --> 00:58:59,967
COGNITIVE DECLINE AND CORTICAL 

1288
00:58:59,967 --> 00:59:01,768
ATROPHY AND METABOLISM CHANGES.

1289
00:59:01,768 --> 00:59:03,537
PUTTING THESE BIOMARKERS THEN 

1290
00:59:03,537 --> 00:59:06,707
INTO CONTEXT TO UNDERSTAND THE 

1291
00:59:06,707 --> 00:59:09,076
NATURAL HISTORY OF AUTOSOMAL 

1292
00:59:09,076 --> 00:59:10,143
DOMINANCE.

1293
00:59:10,143 --> 00:59:12,946
IT'S SUMMARIZED IN A FIGURE LIKE

1294
00:59:12,946 --> 00:59:14,715
THIS SEEING THE EARLY CHANGES 

1295
00:59:14,715 --> 00:59:20,354
WITH A BETA PLAQUE AND FOLLOWED 

1296
00:59:20,354 --> 00:59:24,291
BY METABOLISM THAT CHANGE OVER 

1297
00:59:24,291 --> 00:59:26,894
TIME AND PATTERNS.

1298
00:59:26,894 --> 00:59:30,731
GETTING BACK TO SMOC1 WE THINK 

1299
00:59:30,731 --> 00:59:35,602
THE PROTEINS ARE NOT INCIDENTAL 

1300
00:59:35,602 --> 00:59:39,506
BIOMARKERS AND MAY BE GOOD 

1301
00:59:39,506 --> 00:59:39,907
THERAPEUTICS.

1302
00:59:39,907 --> 00:59:44,544
I'M GOING TO SHOW YOU SOME NEW 

1303
00:59:44,544 --> 00:59:46,246
DATA FROM THE COHORT WHERE WE 

1304
00:59:46,246 --> 00:59:49,016
HAVE A PERSON WHO HAS SHOWN 

1305
00:59:49,016 --> 00:59:51,685
EXTREME RESILIENCE TO THE 

1306
00:59:51,685 --> 00:59:54,621
MUTATION THAT CAUSES ONE OF THE 

1307
00:59:54,621 --> 00:59:58,292
MUTATIONS THAT CAUSES AUTOSOMAL 

1308
00:59:58,292 --> 00:59:59,860
DOMINANCE AND NOW 20 YEARS PAST 

1309
00:59:59,860 --> 01:00:02,729
WHEN WE EXPECTED THEM TO DEVELOP

1310
01:00:02,729 --> 01:00:04,331
THE DISEASE AND A CLEAR OUTLIER 

1311
01:00:04,331 --> 01:00:06,700
FROM THE REST OF THE MUTATION 

1312
01:00:06,700 --> 01:00:06,967
CARRIERS.

1313
01:00:06,967 --> 01:00:08,635
IF YOU LOOK AT THE AMOUNT OF 

1314
01:00:08,635 --> 01:00:10,037
AMYLOID IN THIS INDIVIDUAL'S 

1315
01:00:10,037 --> 01:00:11,471
BRAIN IT'S VERY HIGH.

1316
01:00:11,471 --> 01:00:14,441
HERE'S THE ESTIMATE HERE.

1317
01:00:14,441 --> 01:00:16,343
IN FACT THIS IT WILL BASICALLY 

1318
01:00:16,343 --> 01:00:18,712
WHERE THE COHORT ENDS, 

1319
01:00:18,712 --> 01:00:20,047
UNFORTUNATELY FOR THESE 

1320
01:00:20,047 --> 01:00:22,282
INDIVIDUALS BUT HE'S AT THE TOP 

1321
01:00:22,282 --> 01:00:25,919
OF THE ESTIMATE HERE AT 100% AND

1322
01:00:25,919 --> 01:00:27,888
BASICALLY DRIVING THE REST OF 

1323
01:00:27,888 --> 01:00:28,789
THIS BECAUSE HE'S THE ONLY 

1324
01:00:28,789 --> 01:00:30,023
PERSON OUT HERE.

1325
01:00:30,023 --> 01:00:36,096
IF YOU LOOK AT THE LEVELS OF 

1326
01:00:36,096 --> 01:00:38,432
SMOC THEY'RE NOT THE SAME LEVEL 

1327
01:00:38,432 --> 01:00:42,703
AS THE AMYLOID BETA.

1328
01:00:42,703 --> 01:00:51,144
IT'S  SUGGESTIVE AND THIS COULD 

1329
01:00:51,144 --> 01:00:53,480
BE AN MOLECULE IN THE 

1330
01:00:53,480 --> 01:00:54,614
PATHOGENESIS OF THE DISEASE.

1331
01:00:54,614 --> 01:00:55,849
WE CAN THEN TAKE THE SAME 

1332
01:00:55,849 --> 01:00:58,618
APPROACH WE'VE DONE IN BRAIN AND

1333
01:00:58,618 --> 01:01:02,189
APPLY IT TO CSF AND MEASURE 

1334
01:01:02,189 --> 01:01:04,091
THOUSANDS OF PROTEINS IN THE CSF

1335
01:01:04,091 --> 01:01:06,727
AND HAVE DONE THIS IN A RECENT 

1336
01:01:06,727 --> 01:01:13,300
STUDY USING TWO PROTEOMIC 

1337
01:01:13,300 --> 01:01:14,401
PLATFORMS MASS SPEC AND BUILD 

1338
01:01:14,401 --> 01:01:18,572
THE SAME TYPE OF NETWORKS AND 

1339
01:01:18,572 --> 01:01:21,675
UNDERSTAND WHAT'S CHANGING IN 

1340
01:01:21,675 --> 01:01:22,175
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.

1341
01:01:22,175 --> 01:01:23,176
TO HIGHLIGHT HERE WE CAN 

1342
01:01:23,176 --> 01:01:25,612
IDENTIFY MODULES STRONGLY 

1343
01:01:25,612 --> 01:01:29,182
ASSOCIATED WITH APOE 4 IN CSF.

1344
01:01:29,182 --> 01:01:32,319
THIS DETOXIFICATION OF THE 

1345
01:01:32,319 --> 01:01:33,153
KINASE SIGNALLING AGAIN 

1346
01:01:33,153 --> 01:01:38,725
METALATION WHICH IS SIMILAR TO 

1347
01:01:38,725 --> 01:01:41,461
YOU BICK WIT INATION AND 

1348
01:01:41,461 --> 01:01:46,299
ASSOCIATED WITH APOE 4 RAND CSF 

1349
01:01:46,299 --> 01:01:52,305
AND WANTED TO FOCUS ON THE 

1350
01:01:52,305 --> 01:01:54,207
GLYCOLYSIS MODULE.

1351
01:01:54,207 --> 01:01:56,243
THIS WAS RELATED TO COGNITIVE 

1352
01:01:56,243 --> 01:01:59,246
FUNCTION IN CSF NOT JUST BRAIN 

1353
01:01:59,246 --> 01:02:02,049
WE CAN OBSERVE AND SEE HOW IT'S 

1354
01:02:02,049 --> 01:02:03,984
INCREASED IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

1355
01:02:03,984 --> 01:02:07,354
COMPARED TO CONTROLS AND THIS IS

1356
01:02:07,354 --> 01:02:08,889
TRYING TO USE THIS IN A CLINICAL

1357
01:02:08,889 --> 01:02:13,794
TRIAL CONTEXT TO USE THIS CSF 

1358
01:02:13,794 --> 01:02:16,563
PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS TO REALLY TRY

1359
01:02:16,563 --> 01:02:19,599
TO TRANSLATE THAT INTO POTENTIAL

1360
01:02:19,599 --> 01:02:21,568
BIOMARKERS AT A PROTEOMIC LEVEL 

1361
01:02:21,568 --> 01:02:22,335
IN CSF.

1362
01:02:22,335 --> 01:02:25,105
THE WAY WE'RE THINKING OF DOING 

1363
01:02:25,105 --> 01:02:27,207
THIS I'LL DESCRIBE BRIEFLY AN 

1364
01:02:27,207 --> 01:02:29,843
EXAMPLE THE MEDICATION CALLED 

1365
01:02:29,843 --> 01:02:36,583
ATAMO X ITINE APPROVED FOR 

1366
01:02:36,583 --> 01:02:39,753
ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPER ACTIVITY

1367
01:02:39,753 --> 01:02:42,189
DISORDER MAINLY IN CHILDREN AND 

1368
01:02:42,189 --> 01:02:44,491
NOREPINEPHRINE REUP TAKE 

1369
01:02:44,491 --> 01:02:46,193
INHIBITOR AND IN ALZHEIMER'S 

1370
01:02:46,193 --> 01:02:51,598
DISEASE ONCE OF THE EARLIEST 

1371
01:02:51,598 --> 01:02:54,701
CHANGES IS LOCUS SER EELIUS AND 

1372
01:02:54,701 --> 01:02:57,404
THERE'S PRE CLINICAL WORK THAT 

1373
01:02:57,404 --> 01:02:58,905
SHOWED THIS COULD POTENTIALLY BE

1374
01:02:58,905 --> 01:03:02,342
A DISEASE MODIFYING PATHWAY 

1375
01:03:02,342 --> 01:03:02,609
TARGETED.

1376
01:03:02,609 --> 01:03:07,814
SO THERE WAS A CLINICAL TRIAL AT

1377
01:03:07,814 --> 01:03:14,254
EMORY A SMALL ONE WHERE WE 

1378
01:03:14,254 --> 01:03:16,323
TESTED THIS COMPOUND AND CROSS 

1379
01:03:16,323 --> 01:03:26,766
OVER OF THE DESIGN TRIAL.

1380
01:03:27,467 --> 01:03:37,944
WE LOOKED AT AND IF WE LOOKED AT

1381
01:03:40,780 --> 01:03:41,882
A COMBINATION OF PROTEINS THAT 

1382
01:03:41,882 --> 01:03:45,252
GAVE US A BETTER PREDICTION IN 

1383
01:03:45,252 --> 01:03:46,720
TERMS OF A RATIO.

1384
01:03:46,720 --> 01:03:48,355
ILLUSTRATING THE PROTEOMIC 

1385
01:03:48,355 --> 01:03:51,057
APPROACH AND TO WRAP UP I KNOW 

1386
01:03:51,057 --> 01:03:54,127
I'M OUT OF TIME WE'LL DO WORK 

1387
01:03:54,127 --> 01:03:57,564
HERE IN SPORADIC EARLY ONSET 

1388
01:03:57,564 --> 01:03:58,231
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE LOOKING AT 

1389
01:03:58,231 --> 01:04:01,635
BRAIN CSF AND PLASMA.

1390
01:04:01,635 --> 01:04:03,203
WE'RE SEEING INTERESTING 

1391
01:04:03,203 --> 01:04:04,905
FINDINGS IN EARLY ONSET COMPARED

1392
01:04:04,905 --> 01:04:06,706
TO OTHER TYPE OF ALZHEIMER'S 

1393
01:04:06,706 --> 01:04:08,375
DISEASE FINALLY IN DOWN SYNDROME

1394
01:04:08,375 --> 01:04:09,409
WHICH HAS ALREADY BEEN TALKED 

1395
01:04:09,409 --> 01:04:10,644
ABOUT AT THE CONFERENCE TO LOOK 

1396
01:04:10,644 --> 01:04:13,647
AT THE PROTEOMIC CHANGES FOR 

1397
01:04:13,647 --> 01:04:15,182
DOWN SYNDROME.

1398
01:04:15,182 --> 01:04:18,718
AND FINALLY THE GNPC IS AN 

1399
01:04:18,718 --> 01:04:23,023
EFFORT YOU'LL HEAR ABOUT OVER 

1400
01:04:23,023 --> 01:04:26,560
THE NEXT YEAR AND IT'S USING 

1401
01:04:26,560 --> 01:04:29,529
COHORTS AROUND THE WORLD WITH 

1402
01:04:29,529 --> 01:04:31,798
PLASMA-BASED PROTEOMICS TO 

1403
01:04:31,798 --> 01:04:32,933
BETTER UNDERSTAND THE DISEASE 

1404
01:04:32,933 --> 01:04:33,767
AND ITS BIOMARKERS.

1405
01:04:33,767 --> 01:04:34,100
MORE TO COME.

1406
01:04:34,100 --> 01:04:44,244
THANKS.

1407
01:04:49,849 --> 01:04:53,220
>> OUR NEXT SPEAKER IS ROB

1408
01:04:53,220 --> 01:04:54,387
RISSMAN FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF 

1409
01:04:54,387 --> 01:04:56,022
SOUTHERN CLINICAL RESEARCH.

1410
01:04:56,022 --> 01:04:57,857
>> THANK YOU FOR THAT.

1411
01:04:57,857 --> 01:05:02,562
I WANT TO THANK ERIKA AND LAURIE

1412
01:05:02,562 --> 01:05:09,102
FOR INVITING ME AND HELPING ME 

1413
01:05:09,102 --> 01:05:11,705
ASSEMBLE MY SLIDES.

1414
01:05:11,705 --> 01:05:14,708
I'LL TALK ABOUT ATNV BIOMARKERS 

1415
01:05:14,708 --> 01:05:18,712
HOW TO USE IN BIOMARKER TO 

1416
01:05:18,712 --> 01:05:23,650
INCREASE INCLUSIVITY IN CLINICAL

1417
01:05:23,650 --> 01:05:27,621
TRIALS.

1418
01:05:27,621 --> 01:05:32,492
AND THIS IS PROBABLY THE LARGEST

1419
01:05:32,492 --> 01:05:34,294
COHORT STUDY OF DIVERSE ETHNIC 

1420
01:05:34,294 --> 01:05:35,862
GROUPS IN THE COUNTRY.

1421
01:05:35,862 --> 01:05:38,331
THUS FAR WE'VE COLLECTED A HUGE 

1422
01:05:38,331 --> 01:05:39,566
AMOUNT OF DATA.

1423
01:05:39,566 --> 01:05:44,170
WE HAVE THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE FROM

1424
01:05:44,170 --> 01:05:45,772
DIFFERENT DIVERSE GROUPS A WIDE 

1425
01:05:45,772 --> 01:05:47,707
VARIETY OF AGES.

1426
01:05:47,707 --> 01:05:50,377
ALL KIND OF BIO SPECIMENS AND 

1427
01:05:50,377 --> 01:05:51,811
IMAGING SAMPLES WHICH ARE ALL 

1428
01:05:51,811 --> 01:05:52,812
AVAILABLE FOR SHARING THROUGH A 

1429
01:05:52,812 --> 01:05:54,648
DATA LINK YOU CAN SEE AT THE 

1430
01:05:54,648 --> 01:05:55,749
BOTTOM THERE.

1431
01:05:55,749 --> 01:06:00,287
SO ONE VERY IMPORTANT PART ABOUT

1432
01:06:00,287 --> 01:06:02,422
THIS COHORT IS THE ABILITY TO 

1433
01:06:02,422 --> 01:06:04,457
EXPAND DATA FROM NON-DIVERSE 

1434
01:06:04,457 --> 01:06:06,726
COHORTS FROM SOME OF OUR 

1435
01:06:06,726 --> 01:06:08,828
CLINICAL TRIALS TO BE ABLE TO 

1436
01:06:08,828 --> 01:06:10,430
ESTABLISH CUT OFFS AND RANGES 

1437
01:06:10,430 --> 01:06:13,033
THAT CAN BE POTENTIALLY USED TO 

1438
01:06:13,033 --> 01:06:15,769
HELP THESE ETHNIC GROUPS GET 

1439
01:06:15,769 --> 01:06:16,436
INTO CLINICAL TRIALS.

1440
01:06:16,436 --> 01:06:20,940
JUST AS AN EXAMPLE OF HOW THE 

1441
01:06:20,940 --> 01:06:26,646
DATA CAN BE USED USING SOME 

1442
01:06:26,646 --> 01:06:28,248
IMAGING STUFF.

1443
01:06:28,248 --> 01:06:30,283
AS WE ALL KNOW TAU IS VERY MUCH 

1444
01:06:30,283 --> 01:06:32,485
RELATED TO CELL LOSS AND 

1445
01:06:32,485 --> 01:06:35,922
COGNITIVE CHANGE IN NON-HISPANIC

1446
01:06:35,922 --> 01:06:36,156
WHITES.

1447
01:06:36,156 --> 01:06:36,756
WE'VE KNOWN THIS FOR A LONG 

1448
01:06:36,756 --> 01:06:36,956
TIME.

1449
01:06:36,956 --> 01:06:38,958
IT'S NOT NECESSARILY THE CASE IN

1450
01:06:38,958 --> 01:06:40,927
ALL ETHNIC GROUPS.

1451
01:06:40,927 --> 01:06:43,496
INDEED IN HER STUDY SHE FOUND 

1452
01:06:43,496 --> 01:06:45,065
THERE WAS SOMETHING ELSE DRIVING

1453
01:06:45,065 --> 01:06:46,066
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT THAT 

1454
01:06:46,066 --> 01:06:46,700
DOESN'T SEEM TO BE TAU.

1455
01:06:46,700 --> 01:06:51,938
SO WITH THE ABILITY OF THIS 

1456
01:06:51,938 --> 01:06:53,440
COHORT BEING SO SENSITIVE TO 

1457
01:06:53,440 --> 01:06:57,477
DETECTION OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN

1458
01:06:57,477 --> 01:06:58,345
ETHNIC GROUPS WE THOUGHT TO 

1459
01:06:58,345 --> 01:07:01,548
LEVERAGE THIS AND UNDERSTAND HOW

1460
01:07:01,548 --> 01:07:04,551
TO USE THESE DEVELOPS TO 

1461
01:07:04,551 --> 01:07:07,520
INCREASE CLINICAL TRIAL 

1462
01:07:07,520 --> 01:07:07,821
RECRUITMENT.

1463
01:07:07,821 --> 01:07:09,255
AND AS AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT 

1464
01:07:09,255 --> 01:07:12,392
HAPPENS WHEN YOU DON'T DO ANY 

1465
01:07:12,392 --> 01:07:14,694
SPECIAL WORK YOU JUST BRING 

1466
01:07:14,694 --> 01:07:17,263
PEOPLE IN, YOU TEST THEM 

1467
01:07:17,263 --> 01:07:22,535
COGNITIVELY AND DO PET SCANS YOU

1468
01:07:22,535 --> 01:07:24,971
GET A HIGH LEVEL OF SCREEN AND 

1469
01:07:24,971 --> 01:07:26,906
THIS IS WITHOUT PLASMA 

1470
01:07:26,906 --> 01:07:28,174
SCREENING.

1471
01:07:28,174 --> 01:07:30,510
WE ALL HEARD A LOT ABOUT PLASMA 

1472
01:07:30,510 --> 01:07:31,311
NOT ONLY IN THE LITERATURE BUT 

1473
01:07:31,311 --> 01:07:33,480
IN THE CONFERENCE.

1474
01:07:33,480 --> 01:07:35,482
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT USING PLASMA

1475
01:07:35,482 --> 01:07:41,121
P TAU 217 OR A BETA 242/40 TO 

1476
01:07:41,121 --> 01:07:44,224
UNDERSTAND HOW MUCH AMYLOID IS 

1477
01:07:44,224 --> 01:07:46,426
IN SOMEONE'S BRAIN.

1478
01:07:46,426 --> 01:07:48,895
SCREEN FAIL IS VERY HIGH.

1479
01:07:48,895 --> 01:07:51,765
PART OF THE REASON THAT IS, IS 

1480
01:07:51,765 --> 01:07:53,433
BECAUSE AND WE BRING PEOPLE IN 

1481
01:07:53,433 --> 01:07:55,034
AND TAKE ALL COMERS.

1482
01:07:55,034 --> 01:07:56,269
WE DON'T DO SPECIAL PROCEDURES 

1483
01:07:56,269 --> 01:07:59,572
TO SEE WHETHER OR NOT TO 

1484
01:07:59,572 --> 01:07:59,839
PRESCREEN.

1485
01:07:59,839 --> 01:08:01,908
AGAIN BECAUSE WE HAVE DONE THIS 

1486
01:08:01,908 --> 01:08:07,280
IN THE PAST ALL THESE TRIALS 

1487
01:08:07,280 --> 01:08:12,852
SUCH AS A4 HAD A HIGH LEVEL OF 

1488
01:08:12,852 --> 01:08:14,320
SCREEN YEARS AND TOOK ALMOST 

1489
01:08:14,320 --> 01:08:18,725
FOUR YEARS TO TAKE THE TRIAL NO 

1490
01:08:18,725 --> 01:08:21,895
WITH STANDING COVID BUT THE MAIN

1491
01:08:21,895 --> 01:08:24,364
CAUSE WAS DUE TO TWO NEGATIVE 

1492
01:08:24,364 --> 01:08:25,565
PET SCANS.

1493
01:08:25,565 --> 01:08:27,834
WE WANT TO GET PEOPLE IN MORE 

1494
01:08:27,834 --> 01:08:29,169
QUICKLY USING A PLASMA BIOMARKER

1495
01:08:29,169 --> 01:08:31,504
AND SEE HOW WE CAN IMPROVE THIS.

1496
01:08:31,504 --> 01:08:36,576
AND WE'RE USING THIS RIGHT NOW 

1497
01:08:36,576 --> 01:08:47,086
IN THE HEAD TRIAL IT'S A NOT 

1498
01:08:47,720 --> 01:08:49,889
ONLY TO REDUCE SCREENING TIME 

1499
01:08:49,889 --> 01:08:52,125
AND BURDEN AND REDUCE INCLUSION 

1500
01:08:52,125 --> 01:08:54,294
OF DIVERSE PARTICIPANTS TO GET 

1501
01:08:54,294 --> 01:08:56,529
MORE THAN JUST NON-HISPANIC 

1502
01:08:56,529 --> 01:08:57,630
WHITES INTO THE TRIALS IS THE 

1503
01:08:57,630 --> 01:08:58,865
MAIN GOAL.

1504
01:08:58,865 --> 01:09:02,635
THIS IS HOW IT LOOKED.

1505
01:09:02,635 --> 01:09:05,705
AGAIN, THIS IS PREDOMINANTLY IN 

1506
01:09:05,705 --> 01:09:07,640
NON-HISPANIC WHITES AND USING 

1507
01:09:07,640 --> 01:09:08,308
PLASMA BIOMARKERS WE CAN DO WELL

1508
01:09:08,308 --> 01:09:11,478
AT PREDICTING AMYLOID PET.

1509
01:09:11,478 --> 01:09:15,348
YOU CAN SEE THE PTAU 217 RATIO 

1510
01:09:15,348 --> 01:09:17,383
WITH MASS SPECTOMETRY.

1511
01:09:17,383 --> 01:09:20,887
YOU CAN SEE A HIGH LEVEL OF THIS

1512
01:09:20,887 --> 01:09:22,622
AND ABLE TO DETECT PEOPLE WITH 

1513
01:09:22,622 --> 01:09:24,457
AMYLOID AND BRAIN.

1514
01:09:24,457 --> 01:09:28,361
WHEN WE COMBINE THAT WITH A BETA

1515
01:09:28,361 --> 01:09:30,296
42 AND 40 IT GOES HIGHER.

1516
01:09:30,296 --> 01:09:31,965
WE PRACTICALLY HAVE AN 

1517
01:09:31,965 --> 01:09:32,365
IDENTIFICATION.

1518
01:09:32,365 --> 01:09:36,002
A TREMENDOUS TOOL TO GET PEOPLE 

1519
01:09:36,002 --> 01:09:36,870
THROUGH QUICKLY INTO THE 

1520
01:09:36,870 --> 01:09:38,304
SCREENING PROCESS AND GET THEM 

1521
01:09:38,304 --> 01:09:39,706
HOPEFULLY TREATED.

1522
01:09:39,706 --> 01:09:40,907
BEING THIS IS A BLOOD BIOMARKER 

1523
01:09:40,907 --> 01:09:42,275
YOU DON'T NECESSARILY HAVE TO GO

1524
01:09:42,275 --> 01:09:43,243
TO A CLINIC.

1525
01:09:43,243 --> 01:09:44,878
YOU CAN HAVE IT DONE REMOTELY 

1526
01:09:44,878 --> 01:09:48,147
AND GO IT ALL KINDS OF PLACES 

1527
01:09:48,147 --> 01:09:50,717
FOR IT, IT COULD BE SOMETHING TO

1528
01:09:50,717 --> 01:09:51,784
ATTRACT ETHNIC GROUPS AND 

1529
01:09:51,784 --> 01:09:53,019
DIVERSE COMMUNITIES TO GET 

1530
01:09:53,019 --> 01:09:53,686
INVOLVED IN TRIALS AND GET THE 

1531
01:09:53,686 --> 01:09:57,957
HELP THEY NEED.

1532
01:09:57,957 --> 01:10:02,695
SO SURE ENOUGH WHEN WE USE 

1533
01:10:02,695 --> 01:10:04,864
PLASMA PRESCREENING SEE IN THE 

1534
01:10:04,864 --> 01:10:07,066
ORANGISH REDDISH LINE WE REDUCED

1535
01:10:07,066 --> 01:10:10,303
SCREEN FAILS DRAMATICALLY.

1536
01:10:10,303 --> 01:10:13,473
WE'RE UP PRACTICALLY LIKE 75 

1537
01:10:13,473 --> 01:10:15,842
PLUS PERCENT SCREEN FAILS.

1538
01:10:15,842 --> 01:10:19,646
THAT'S OUTRAGEOUS NO WONDER A4 

1539
01:10:19,646 --> 01:10:20,547
TOOK US 10 YEARS.

1540
01:10:20,547 --> 01:10:22,549
IT WASN'T JUST COVID.

1541
01:10:22,549 --> 01:10:25,084
WE'RE ABLE TO REALLY REDUCE THE 

1542
01:10:25,084 --> 01:10:26,052
NEGATIVE PET SCANS AND GET 

1543
01:10:26,052 --> 01:10:26,920
PEOPLE IN THROUGH THE SCREENING 

1544
01:10:26,920 --> 01:10:29,389
PROCESS QUICKLY.

1545
01:10:29,389 --> 01:10:30,723
SO AGAIN THE POINT ISN'T REALLY 

1546
01:10:30,723 --> 01:10:34,627
TO  REDUCE THE NUMBER OF 

1547
01:10:34,627 --> 01:10:37,397
POSITIVE PET SCANS BUT REDUCE 

1548
01:10:37,397 --> 01:10:40,099
THE NUMBER OF NEGATIVE PET SCANS

1549
01:10:40,099 --> 01:10:46,072
AN DO NOT INCREASE THE BURDEN 

1550
01:10:46,072 --> 01:10:47,507
FOR PEOPLE AND HOW DO WE LEVEL 

1551
01:10:47,507 --> 01:10:50,810
THE PLAYING FIELD FOR DIFFERENT 

1552
01:10:50,810 --> 01:10:51,444
GROUPS?

1553
01:10:51,444 --> 01:10:52,879
HERE'S DATA FROM HENRY FROM USC 

1554
01:10:52,879 --> 01:10:55,848
AND YOU CAN SEE HERE BY USING 

1555
01:10:55,848 --> 01:10:58,551
PLASMA BIOMARKERS WE CAN REALLY 

1556
01:10:58,551 --> 01:11:00,286
START TO INCREASE THE NUMBER OF 

1557
01:11:00,286 --> 01:11:03,590
PEOPLE WHO ARE PET ELIGIBLE.

1558
01:11:03,590 --> 01:11:06,225
SO AGAIN WE DID A PRESCREENER 

1559
01:11:06,225 --> 01:11:10,196
AND EVERYONE DEEMED POSITIVE 

1560
01:11:10,196 --> 01:11:12,632
WOULD GET A CONFIRMATORY PET 

1561
01:11:12,632 --> 01:11:14,701
SCAN AND NOT AT THE POINT 

1562
01:11:14,701 --> 01:11:17,337
BELIEVING WE CAN USE PLASMA 

1563
01:11:17,337 --> 01:11:20,006
BIOMARKERS AS THE SOLE SCREENING

1564
01:11:20,006 --> 01:11:22,609
TECHNIQUE FOR GETTING PEOPLE 

1565
01:11:22,609 --> 01:11:24,744
INTO A LOWER AMYLOID TREATMENT 

1566
01:11:24,744 --> 01:11:28,281
AND WE DRAMATICALLY INCREASE THE

1567
01:11:28,281 --> 01:11:30,116
NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO WERE PET 

1568
01:11:30,116 --> 01:11:31,684
ELIGIBLE AND WERE ABLE IT COME 

1569
01:11:31,684 --> 01:11:34,387
INTO THE TRIAL.

1570
01:11:34,387 --> 01:11:36,923
BASED ON ALL THESE DATA WE 

1571
01:11:36,923 --> 01:11:38,491
PROPOSED TO TAKE SOME NEXT STEPS

1572
01:11:38,491 --> 01:11:44,130
TO EXPAND UPON THESE.

1573
01:11:44,130 --> 01:11:46,366
AGAIN, WHEN WE HAVE DONE THIS IN

1574
01:11:46,366 --> 01:11:49,669
THE PAST WE'VE HAD MOSTLY 

1575
01:11:49,669 --> 01:11:50,303
NON-HISPANIC WHITES AND NEED TO 

1576
01:11:50,303 --> 01:11:50,970
IMPROVE THAT AND GET THIS OUT TO

1577
01:11:50,970 --> 01:11:55,375
ALL THE DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES.

1578
01:11:55,375 --> 01:11:57,110
OUR INITIAL WORK DID NOT INCLUDE

1579
01:11:57,110 --> 01:11:57,744
DIVERSE PARTICIPANTS.

1580
01:11:57,744 --> 01:12:01,247
THE IDEA HERE FOR USING THE 

1581
01:12:01,247 --> 01:12:03,650
HATCH COHORT AND OUR ONGOING 

1582
01:12:03,650 --> 01:12:05,218
WORK IS TO CHANGE THIS.

1583
01:12:05,218 --> 01:12:06,719
WE'RE GOING TO ESTABLISH CUT 

1584
01:12:06,719 --> 01:12:09,055
OFFS AND RANGES FOR ALL KINDS OF

1585
01:12:09,055 --> 01:12:10,390
ETHNIC GROUPS AND DO THAT WITH 

1586
01:12:10,390 --> 01:12:13,693
THE FOLLOWING AIMS.

1587
01:12:13,693 --> 01:12:15,395
THIS IS AN RO1 SENT YESTERDAY.

1588
01:12:15,395 --> 01:12:19,232
IT'S ACTUALLY GOING TO HAPPEN 

1589
01:12:19,232 --> 01:12:19,932
THANKS TO HER.

1590
01:12:19,932 --> 01:12:22,301
SHE DID KEEP ME IN SUSPENSE FOR 

1591
01:12:22,301 --> 01:12:24,504
A LONG TIME AND KNOWS HOW TO 

1592
01:12:24,504 --> 01:12:25,238
TORTURE ME.

1593
01:12:25,238 --> 01:12:28,574
WE'RE GOING TO LOOK AT NOVEL AND

1594
01:12:28,574 --> 01:12:30,043
EMERGING PLASMA BIOMARKERS 

1595
01:12:30,043 --> 01:12:34,580
AMONGST THE DIFFERENT ETHNIC 

1596
01:12:34,580 --> 01:12:35,515
GROUPS.

1597
01:12:35,515 --> 01:12:36,916
LOOKING AT THE PHOSPHO TAU 

1598
01:12:36,916 --> 01:12:40,086
SPECIES AND A BETA SPECIES AND 

1599
01:12:40,086 --> 01:12:43,756
LOOKING AT NTBR AND 

1600
01:12:43,756 --> 01:12:45,291
PREDOMINANTLY USING MASS SPEC 

1601
01:12:45,291 --> 01:12:47,160
AND WITH AMINO ASSAYS BECAUSE 

1602
01:12:47,160 --> 01:12:47,994
THEY'RE SO HIGH THROUGHPUT.

1603
01:12:47,994 --> 01:12:51,698
THE IDEA IS TO TAKE A LOOK AND 

1604
01:12:51,698 --> 01:12:54,634
EXAMINE HOW THEY RELATE TO 

1605
01:12:54,634 --> 01:12:56,235
AMYLOID AND TAU PET.

1606
01:12:56,235 --> 01:12:57,704
WE'RE GOING TO BE USING OUR 

1607
01:12:57,704 --> 01:13:00,239
CUT-OFFS AND THINGS WE USED FOR 

1608
01:13:00,239 --> 01:13:00,907
NON-HISPANIC WHITES AND SEEING 

1609
01:13:00,907 --> 01:13:04,977
HOW THEY MEASURE UP AND WHERE 

1610
01:13:04,977 --> 01:13:06,312
THEY ARE IN OTHER ETHNIC GROUPS.

1611
01:13:06,312 --> 01:13:08,147
IN ADDITION TO LOOKING AT THESE 

1612
01:13:08,147 --> 01:13:12,652
THINGS CROSS SECTIONALLY FROM A 

1613
01:13:12,652 --> 01:13:14,087
SCREENING BASIS AND PREDICTION 

1614
01:13:14,087 --> 01:13:16,322
BASIS WE'LL ALSO LOOK AT THEM 

1615
01:13:16,322 --> 01:13:16,856
LONGITUDINALLY.

1616
01:13:16,856 --> 01:13:17,824
OVER THE NEXT FIVE YEARS WE'RE 

1617
01:13:17,824 --> 01:13:20,626
GOING TO BE LOOKING AT HOW 

1618
01:13:20,626 --> 01:13:23,129
PLASMA BIOMARKERS ARE CHANGING 

1619
01:13:23,129 --> 01:13:25,364
AND HOW THOSE CHANGE IN TERMS OF

1620
01:13:25,364 --> 01:13:27,133
CHANGES IN COGNITION.

1621
01:13:27,133 --> 01:13:30,703
HOW THEY CHANGE IN TERMS OF 

1622
01:13:30,703 --> 01:13:34,540
AMYLOID PET WORSENING AND TAU 

1623
01:13:34,540 --> 01:13:36,609
PET WORSENING USING THE COHORT.

1624
01:13:36,609 --> 01:13:37,844
IT SHOULD BE AN EXCITING FIVE 

1625
01:13:37,844 --> 01:13:40,780
YEARS AND I THINK IT WILL BE A 

1626
01:13:40,780 --> 01:13:43,149
SEMINOLE STUDY TO TELL US HOW 

1627
01:13:43,149 --> 01:13:45,118
BLOOD BIOMARKERS CHANGE AND 

1628
01:13:45,118 --> 01:13:46,619
EVERYTHING ENDS UP IN GROUPS 

1629
01:13:46,619 --> 01:13:49,021
BECAUSE WE HAVE SUCH A 

1630
01:13:49,021 --> 01:13:50,623
TREMENDOUSLY CHARACTERIZED 

1631
01:13:50,623 --> 01:13:53,526
COHORT.

1632
01:13:53,526 --> 01:13:54,127
ANYWAY I'LL STOP THERE.

1633
01:13:54,127 --> 01:14:01,634
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION.

1634
01:14:01,634 --> 01:14:03,936
>> WE'RE NOW GOING TO
SHIFT TO 

1635
01:14:03,936 --> 01:14:05,438
OUR FIVE-PARENT PRESENTATIONS.

1636
01:14:05,438 --> 01:14:09,642
THE REST OF THE PANELISTS COULD 

1637
01:14:09,642 --> 01:14:15,615
COME UP IT WILL BE IPSIT AND 

1638
01:14:15,615 --> 01:14:17,750
NILUFER AND JESSICA AND ERIN.

1639
01:14:17,750 --> 01:14:19,318
COME UP AND BRING YOUR NAME 

1640
01:14:19,318 --> 01:14:22,622
TAGS.

1641
01:14:22,622 --> 01:14:27,827
WE'LL GET STARTED HERE.

1642
01:14:27,827 --> 01:14:33,900
>> WE'LL START THIS PANEL
OFF 

1643
01:14:33,900 --> 01:14:38,704
WITH IP SET VAHIA FROM HARVARD 

1644
01:14:38,704 --> 01:14:48,915
UNIVERSITY.

1645
01:14:58,424 --> 01:15:07,867
>> I'M A GERIATRIC
SCIENTIST AND

1646
01:15:07,867 --> 01:15:08,801
PRESENT A CLINICIAN RESEARCHER 

1647
01:15:08,801 --> 01:15:12,471
PERSPECTIVE ON OUR WORK IN 

1648
01:15:12,471 --> 01:15:14,640
DIGITAL BIOMARKERS.

1649
01:15:14,640 --> 01:15:15,775
AND REALLY TEE OFF FROM WHERE 

1650
01:15:15,775 --> 01:15:17,877
THE REST OF THE PANEL HAS GONE 

1651
01:15:17,877 --> 01:15:19,212
WHICH IS DEMONSTRATING HOW THESE

1652
01:15:19,212 --> 01:15:21,380
ARE MOVING FROM THE INITIAL 

1653
01:15:21,380 --> 01:15:26,586
PROOF OF CONCEPT VALIDATION 

1654
01:15:26,586 --> 01:15:37,096
QUICKLY INTO AND I'M GOING TO 

1655
01:15:45,638 --> 01:15:48,941
FOCUS LARGELY ON MOTION BASED 

1656
01:15:48,941 --> 01:15:49,976
BIOMARKERS THOUGH AS WE'VE HEARD

1657
01:15:49,976 --> 01:15:51,510
THERE'S A NUMBER OF DIGITAL 

1658
01:15:51,510 --> 01:15:53,145
BIOMARKERS USING SENSORY 

1659
01:15:53,145 --> 01:15:55,848
MODALITIES INCLUDING VOICE AND 

1660
01:15:55,848 --> 01:15:56,182
SOUND.

1661
01:15:56,182 --> 01:15:57,750
I HAVE MORE DATA THAN I'M 

1662
01:15:57,750 --> 01:16:01,921
PRESENTING HERE BUT THIS WAS AT 

1663
01:16:01,921 --> 01:16:06,459
THE SUGGESTION OF THE ORGANIZERS

1664
01:16:06,459 --> 01:16:08,394
AND RECOGNIZING THE ABSORPTION 

1665
01:16:08,394 --> 01:16:09,228
CAPACITY FOR MORE DATA IS NOT 

1666
01:16:09,228 --> 01:16:10,596
WHAT IT WAS ON DAY ONE.

1667
01:16:10,596 --> 01:16:13,933
YOU CAN SEE IN THE FIRST FIGURE 

1668
01:16:13,933 --> 01:16:17,503
ON THE TOP LEFT BY GATHERING 

1669
01:16:17,503 --> 01:16:20,673
DATA FROM RADIO WAVE BASED 

1670
01:16:20,673 --> 01:16:22,341
SENSOR THAT EFFECTIVELY 

1671
01:16:22,341 --> 01:16:26,712
FUNCTIONS AS AN IN-ROOM SAUNA IN

1672
01:16:26,712 --> 01:16:27,980
PEOPLE'S NATURAL LIVING 

1673
01:16:27,980 --> 01:16:28,714
ENVIRONMENT WE'RE ABLE TO MAP 

1674
01:16:28,714 --> 01:16:30,483
MOTION BASED ON HOW THE WAVES 

1675
01:16:30,483 --> 01:16:33,686
BOUNCE OFFER THE BODY AND LAYER 

1676
01:16:33,686 --> 01:16:35,221
IT AGAINST SPATIAL LOCATION AND 

1677
01:16:35,221 --> 01:16:35,922
TIME STAMPING IT.

1678
01:16:35,922 --> 01:16:37,023
THE FIRST FIGURE DEMONSTRATES 

1679
01:16:37,023 --> 01:16:41,694
HOW WE WERE ABLE TO DO AN N OF 1

1680
01:16:41,694 --> 01:16:44,730
STUDY DEMONSTRATING INCREASE IN 

1681
01:16:44,730 --> 01:16:49,535
APATHY BY MAPPING LONGITUDINALLY

1682
01:16:49,535 --> 01:16:51,537
BY HOW MUCH TIME THE PERSON 

1683
01:16:51,537 --> 01:16:53,773
SPENDS ON THE COUCH IN THE ROOM 

1684
01:16:53,773 --> 01:16:58,377
AND AS THE TIME SPENT INCREASED 

1685
01:16:58,377 --> 01:16:59,345
WE WERE ABLE TO MEASURE AGAINST 

1686
01:16:59,345 --> 01:17:04,717
AN APATHY MARKER AND RADIO WAVE 

1687
01:17:04,717 --> 01:17:06,252
SENSING CAN CAPTURE ACTIVATION.

1688
01:17:06,252 --> 01:17:08,487
WE TRACK ALL THE MOVEMENT THIS 

1689
01:17:08,487 --> 01:17:11,457
PERSON MAKES IN THE ROOM FOR 24 

1690
01:17:11,457 --> 01:17:13,092
HOURS LONGITUDINALLY GOING 

1691
01:17:13,092 --> 01:17:13,759
FORWARD.

1692
01:17:13,759 --> 01:17:15,161
ONCE YOU PROCESS THE DATA USING 

1693
01:17:15,161 --> 01:17:18,030
A SIGNAL PROCESSING APPROACH YOU

1694
01:17:18,030 --> 01:17:19,432
CAN DIFFERENTIATE A LOW ACTIVITY

1695
01:17:19,432 --> 01:17:22,635
FROM A HIGH ACTIVITY DAY AND 

1696
01:17:22,635 --> 01:17:25,104
PICK UP QUITE EARLY WHETHER THIS

1697
01:17:25,104 --> 01:17:27,406
IS BECOMING PATHOLOGICAL AND 

1698
01:17:27,406 --> 01:17:30,276
DRIFTING TO AGITATION.

1699
01:17:30,276 --> 01:17:31,577
WITH THIS EARLY VALIDATION IN 

1700
01:17:31,577 --> 01:17:36,515
PLACE WE RECENTLY RESO LY RECEI 

1701
01:17:36,515 --> 01:17:40,686
THE N RAT STUDY WHICH IS NIA 

1702
01:17:40,686 --> 01:17:41,087
FUNDED.

1703
01:17:41,087 --> 01:17:42,655
WE'RE ADDING DATA FROM THE 

1704
01:17:42,655 --> 01:17:46,926
MARKER INTO A STUDY LOOKING AT 

1705
01:17:46,926 --> 01:17:52,565
WHETHER IT IMPACTS BRAIN BIO 

1706
01:17:52,565 --> 01:17:54,467
ENNER GENETICS AND WITH THE 

1707
01:17:54,467 --> 01:17:56,802
BIOMARKER IT'S ONE OF THE EARLY 

1708
01:17:56,802 --> 01:17:58,504
STUDIES WITH DIGITAL PHENOTYPING

1709
01:17:58,504 --> 01:18:03,009
WITH GENETIC MARKERS AND THE 

1710
01:18:03,009 --> 01:18:05,177
STUDY ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN 

1711
01:18:05,177 --> 01:18:06,078
THESE.

1712
01:18:06,078 --> 01:18:07,847
AND LOOKED AT THE A2 COLLECTIVE 

1713
01:18:07,847 --> 01:18:09,882
TO PUT MOTION-BASED BIOMARKERS 

1714
01:18:09,882 --> 01:18:13,819
IN THE CLINICAL SERVICE.

1715
01:18:13,819 --> 01:18:15,254
HERE WE USE WEARABLES AND THE 

1716
01:18:15,254 --> 01:18:16,989
FIGURE ON THE BOTTOM LEFT IS A 

1717
01:18:16,989 --> 01:18:18,991
MARK UP OF A DASHBOARD AS PART 

1718
01:18:18,991 --> 01:18:20,126
OF THE STUDY AND HERE WE'RE 

1719
01:18:20,126 --> 01:18:22,728
GOING TO LOOK AT WHETHER GIVING 

1720
01:18:22,728 --> 01:18:27,767
CLINICIANS ACCESS TO MOTION DATA

1721
01:18:27,767 --> 01:18:30,836
IMPACTS THE PRACT IS AND SEEING 

1722
01:18:30,836 --> 01:18:34,006
IF ADDING WEARABLE DATA ON THE 

1723
01:18:34,006 --> 01:18:35,141
DASHBOARD IN SESSION LETS 

1724
01:18:35,141 --> 01:18:36,175
CLINICIANS BETTER IDENTIFY 

1725
01:18:36,175 --> 01:18:37,576
MEDICATION EFFECTS AND SIDE 

1726
01:18:37,576 --> 01:18:43,249
EFFECTS AND NON-EFFECTS.

1727
01:18:43,249 --> 01:18:45,184
IT'S GOING TO FOCUS ON HIGH-RISK

1728
01:18:45,184 --> 01:18:51,390
PSYCHOTICS AND MOOD DISORDERS IN

1729
01:18:51,390 --> 01:18:52,825
PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA.

1730
01:18:52,825 --> 01:18:54,260
AS IT PLAYS OUT IT'S THROWING 

1731
01:18:54,260 --> 01:18:56,362
OUT IN REAL TIME COMPLICATED 

1732
01:18:56,362 --> 01:18:57,063
QUESTIONS.

1733
01:18:57,063 --> 01:18:59,265
I'VE SPOTLIGHTED SOME OF THE 

1734
01:18:59,265 --> 01:18:59,899
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES 

1735
01:18:59,899 --> 01:19:02,068
THAT HAVEN'T BEEN DISCUSSED SO 

1736
01:19:02,068 --> 01:19:02,501
FAR.

1737
01:19:02,501 --> 01:19:05,104
A BIG ONE IS HAVING ALL THE DATA

1738
01:19:05,104 --> 01:19:06,539
DOES IT ACTUALLY TRANSLATE TO 

1739
01:19:06,539 --> 01:19:08,074
ANYTHING IN TERMS OF CHANGING 

1740
01:19:08,074 --> 01:19:08,707
CLINICAL PRACTICE.

1741
01:19:08,707 --> 01:19:10,943
WHAT'S THE IMPACT OF ACCESS TO 

1742
01:19:10,943 --> 01:19:14,713
DATA ON CLINICAL DECISION 

1743
01:19:14,713 --> 01:19:15,681
MAKING.

1744
01:19:15,681 --> 01:19:17,149
WHAT ARE THE RIGHT DATA SCREENS 

1745
01:19:17,149 --> 01:19:21,153
TO USE FOR SPECIFIC USE CASES OR

1746
01:19:21,153 --> 01:19:21,454
INDICATIONS.

1747
01:19:21,454 --> 01:19:22,822
 WHEN DO WE USE VOICE.

1748
01:19:22,822 --> 01:19:28,327
WHEN DO WITH USE SOUND AND 

1749
01:19:28,327 --> 01:19:30,696
MOTION?

1750
01:19:30,696 --> 01:19:34,333
AND UPDATE TRAINING CURRICULA 

1751
01:19:34,333 --> 01:19:36,001
AND REFLECT HOW ALL THE DATA 

1752
01:19:36,001 --> 01:19:37,136
SHOULD BECOME PART OF STANDARD 

1753
01:19:37,136 --> 01:19:37,870
OF CARE.

1754
01:19:37,870 --> 01:19:41,540
FINALLY THE BIG ONE IS GOING TO 

1755
01:19:41,540 --> 01:19:45,311
BE AS WE START GETTING USED TO 

1756
01:19:45,311 --> 01:19:46,812
USING HIGHLY INTRUSIVE 

1757
01:19:46,812 --> 01:19:48,380
TECHNOLOGIES IN PEOPLE'S NATURAL

1758
01:19:48,380 --> 01:19:51,283
LIVING ENVIRONMENTS WE HAVE TO 

1759
01:19:51,283 --> 01:19:57,823
THINK OF WHAT MALFEASANCE MEANS 

1760
01:19:57,823 --> 01:19:58,858
AND THERE'S MUCH WORK TO BE 

1761
01:19:58,858 --> 01:19:59,058
DONE.

1762
01:19:59,058 --> 01:20:07,566
THANK YOU.

1763
01:20:07,566 --> 01:20:10,436
>> THE NEXT PANELIST I
THINK 

1764
01:20:10,436 --> 01:20:14,874
WILL BE TAG TEAMED WITH MY 

1765
01:20:14,874 --> 01:20:22,448
CO-CHAIR, DONNA WILCOCK AND 

1766
01:20:22,448 --> 01:20:22,648
ERIN.

1767
01:20:22,648 --> 01:20:26,185
>> SO GOOD MORNING,
EVERYONE.

1768
01:20:26,185 --> 01:20:28,921
I WAS TALKING ABOUT VASCULAR 

1769
01:20:28,921 --> 01:20:30,289
CONTRIBUTIONS TO COGNITIVE 

1770
01:20:30,289 --> 01:20:33,792
IMPAIRMENT AND DEMENTIA.

1771
01:20:33,792 --> 01:20:36,295
AND SPECIFICALLY THE MARK VACD 

1772
01:20:36,295 --> 01:20:38,164
CONSORTIUM AND THE PROGRESS MADE

1773
01:20:38,164 --> 01:20:40,266
BY THAT CONSORTIUM.

1774
01:20:40,266 --> 01:20:43,202
FIRST I THOUGHT IT WOULD BE A 

1775
01:20:43,202 --> 01:20:44,370
GOOD INTRODUCTION TO GIVE AN 

1776
01:20:44,370 --> 01:20:46,639
OVERVIEW OF WHAT WE THINK ABOUT 

1777
01:20:46,639 --> 01:20:48,641
WHEN WE THINK ABOUT VASCULAR 

1778
01:20:48,641 --> 01:20:49,742
CONTRIBUTIONS TO COGNITIVE 

1779
01:20:49,742 --> 01:20:53,779
IMPAIRMENT AND DEMENTIA FROM NOW

1780
01:20:53,779 --> 01:20:55,748
ON I'LL SAY VCID.

1781
01:20:55,748 --> 01:20:58,717
THE PATHOLOGIES IS AN UMBRELLA 

1782
01:20:58,717 --> 01:21:01,487
FOR MANY VASCULAR PATHOLOGIES 

1783
01:21:01,487 --> 01:21:12,031
RANGING FROM INFARCTS AND MICRO 

1784
01:21:12,765 --> 01:21:15,834
BLEEDS AND SMALL VESSEL 

1785
01:21:15,834 --> 01:21:18,704
HEMORRHAGIC STROKE TO LARGE 

1786
01:21:18,704 --> 01:21:22,474
VESSEL ISCHEMIC AND HEMORRHAGIC 

1787
01:21:22,474 --> 01:21:27,546
STROKE CONTRIBUTING TO COGNITIVE

1788
01:21:27,546 --> 01:21:27,813
FUNCTION.

1789
01:21:27,813 --> 01:21:36,922
SO THE MARK VCID IS A CONSORTIUM

1790
01:21:36,922 --> 01:21:41,560
IN ITS SECOND PHASE AND IN YEAR 

1791
01:21:41,560 --> 01:21:47,366
EIGHT AT THIS POINT AN NINDS 

1792
01:21:47,366 --> 01:21:48,634
FUNDED CONSORTIUM.

1793
01:21:48,634 --> 01:21:51,437
WE HAVE SEVEN SITES AROUND THE 

1794
01:21:51,437 --> 01:21:52,738
NATION AND THE NEW ITERATION 

1795
01:21:52,738 --> 01:21:55,841
FUNDED A COUPLE YEARS AGO WE NOW

1796
01:21:55,841 --> 01:21:58,310
HAVE NINE SITES WITHIN THE 

1797
01:21:58,310 --> 01:22:00,346
CONSORTIUM THAT COORDINATING 

1798
01:22:00,346 --> 01:22:02,681
CENTER IS HOUSED AT MGH.

1799
01:22:02,681 --> 01:22:06,685
AND THE GOAL OF MARK VCID IS NOT

1800
01:22:06,685 --> 01:22:10,256
ONLY TO IDENTIFY CANDIDATE 

1801
01:22:10,256 --> 01:22:14,693
BIOMARKERS FOR VCID IN 

1802
01:22:14,693 --> 01:22:16,228
PARTICULAR CEREBRAL SMALL VESSEL

1803
01:22:16,228 --> 01:22:18,530
DISEASE AND CROSS-SITE VALIDATE 

1804
01:22:18,530 --> 01:22:21,000
AMONG THE NINE SITES THESE 

1805
01:22:21,000 --> 01:22:22,735
BIOMARKERS TO ENSURE ROBUSTNESS 

1806
01:22:22,735 --> 01:22:28,474
AND VALIDITY.

1807
01:22:28,474 --> 01:22:31,176
WHAT ARE THE MARK VCID 

1808
01:22:31,176 --> 01:22:31,777
BIOMARKERS.

1809
01:22:31,777 --> 01:22:33,345
THERE'S A NUMBER OF NEURO 

1810
01:22:33,345 --> 01:22:36,849
IMAGING BIOMARKERS AND I'M NOT A

1811
01:22:36,849 --> 01:22:38,250
NEURO IMAGIST SO I CAN'T GO INTO

1812
01:22:38,250 --> 01:22:41,520
DETAIL BUT THESE ARE THE KITS 

1813
01:22:41,520 --> 01:22:44,590
BEING CROSS-SITE VALIDATED 

1814
01:22:44,590 --> 01:22:47,393
INCLUDING AN IMAGING BASED 

1815
01:22:47,393 --> 01:22:50,696
ALGORITHM FOR ARTERIAL SCLEROSIS

1816
01:22:50,696 --> 01:22:52,665
AND VASCULAR REACTIVITY GIVING 

1817
01:22:52,665 --> 01:22:53,465
US INFORMATION ABOUT THE 

1818
01:22:53,465 --> 01:22:58,704
FUNCTION OF THE VESSEL AND HOW 

1819
01:22:58,704 --> 01:23:05,210
FUNCTIONAL THE IMPROVED 

1820
01:23:05,210 --> 01:23:06,111
CHARACTERIZATION FOR WHITE 

1821
01:23:06,111 --> 01:23:08,414
MATTER CHANGE AND FREE WATER 

1822
01:23:08,414 --> 01:23:10,182
WHICH IS ANOTHER MEASURE OF 

1823
01:23:10,182 --> 01:23:14,687
INFLAMMATION AND WHITE MATTER 

1824
01:23:14,687 --> 01:23:14,987
INTEGRITY.

1825
01:23:14,987 --> 01:23:19,291
MARK VCID HAD A PLACENTAL GROWTH

1826
01:23:19,291 --> 01:23:21,794
FACTOR AND THAT LOOKS LIKE A 

1827
01:23:21,794 --> 01:23:23,228
PROMISING BIOMARKER FOR CEREBRAL

1828
01:23:23,228 --> 01:23:25,964
SMALL VESSEL DISEASE ON THE 

1829
01:23:25,964 --> 01:23:29,034
BOTTOM RIGHT AND THE GRAPH IS 

1830
01:23:29,034 --> 01:23:31,103
YOU CAN SEE THE DIAGNOSTIC 

1831
01:23:31,103 --> 01:23:33,172
ACCURACY OF PLACENTA GROWTH 

1832
01:23:33,172 --> 01:23:39,178
FACTOR FOR VASCULAR DEMENTIA WAS

1833
01:23:39,178 --> 01:23:45,984
POINT 89 AND FOR VCI IT WAS .74.

1834
01:23:45,984 --> 01:23:48,220
IT'S A PROMISING BIOMARKER WE'RE

1835
01:23:48,220 --> 01:23:49,421
CONTINUING TO LOOK AT.

1836
01:23:49,421 --> 01:23:55,160
IN THINKING OF THE CHALLENGES OF

1837
01:23:55,160 --> 01:24:01,867
BIOMARKER FOR VCI D WE HAVE A 

1838
01:24:01,867 --> 01:24:05,671
LACK OF BIOMARKERS TO VALIDATE 

1839
01:24:05,671 --> 01:24:07,306
BEYOND NEUROPATHOLOGY OUR 

1840
01:24:07,306 --> 01:24:10,709
IMAGING OF ESPECIALLY THE SMALL 

1841
01:24:10,709 --> 01:24:15,848
SELF INSULTS IN THE BRAIN IS 

1842
01:24:15,848 --> 01:24:16,982
QUITE POOR AND USED WHITE MATTER

1843
01:24:16,982 --> 01:24:22,154
INNENCE TI AS AN INDICATOR -- 

1844
01:24:22,154 --> 01:24:23,655
INTENSITY AS AN INDICATOR AND 

1845
01:24:23,655 --> 01:24:25,057
IT'S THE TIP OF THE ICEBERG WHEN

1846
01:24:25,057 --> 01:24:25,624
IT COMES TO VASCULAR 

1847
01:24:25,624 --> 01:24:29,061
PATHOLOGIES.

1848
01:24:29,061 --> 01:24:32,264
AND AMYLOID ACCUMULATION 

1849
01:24:32,264 --> 01:24:32,898
INDEPENDENTLY CONTRIBUTE TO 

1850
01:24:32,898 --> 01:24:33,799
WHITE MATTER INTENSITY.

1851
01:24:33,799 --> 01:24:35,100
WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THE REAL 

1852
01:24:35,100 --> 01:24:37,469
WORLD MANY TIMES WE HAVE 

1853
01:24:37,469 --> 01:24:39,705
PATIENTS WHO HAVE BOTH VASCULAR 

1854
01:24:39,705 --> 01:24:43,442
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THEIR COGNITIVE

1855
01:24:43,442 --> 01:24:44,443
IMPAIRMENT AS WELL AS ALZHEIMER 

1856
01:24:44,443 --> 01:24:46,545
CONTRIBUTIONS.

1857
01:24:46,545 --> 01:24:47,679
UNDERSTANDING HOW MUCH OF THAT 

1858
01:24:47,679 --> 01:24:50,149
WMH IS BEING CONTRIBUTED TO 

1859
01:24:50,149 --> 01:24:53,051
AMYLOID VERSUS VASCULAR INSULTS 

1860
01:24:53,051 --> 01:24:54,486
IS CHALLENGING.

1861
01:24:54,486 --> 01:24:56,054
EVEN OUR PARENT PATHOLOGIC 

1862
01:24:56,054 --> 01:24:59,057
ASSESSMENT OF PATHOLOGIES IS 

1863
01:24:59,057 --> 01:25:00,426
MINIMALLY INFORMATIVE BECAUSE WE

1864
01:25:00,426 --> 01:25:03,962
DO A LOT OF RANDOM SAMPLING IN 

1865
01:25:03,962 --> 01:25:05,798
NEURO PATHOLOGY SO IT'S HIT OR 

1866
01:25:05,798 --> 01:25:08,767
MISS WHETHER IN THAT PIECE OF 

1867
01:25:08,767 --> 01:25:11,937
TISSUE YOU WILL FIND A MICRO 

1868
01:25:11,937 --> 01:25:14,139
INFARCT OR NOT IT'S DEFINED AS 

1869
01:25:14,139 --> 01:25:15,174
PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF THE 

1870
01:25:15,174 --> 01:25:18,710
HALLMARKS ARE NOT QUANTIFIABLE.

1871
01:25:18,710 --> 01:25:26,185
WE HAVE A LACK OF QUANTIFY WITH 

1872
01:25:26,185 --> 01:25:27,719
CAA AND WE'RE MISSING PATHOLOGY.

1873
01:25:27,719 --> 01:25:28,520
WITH THAT I'LL WRAP UP AND WE'LL

1874
01:25:28,520 --> 01:25:28,754
MOVE ON.

1875
01:25:28,754 --> 01:25:35,561
THANK YOU.

1876
01:25:35,561 --> 01:25:36,028
>> THANK YOU.

1877
01:25:36,028 --> 01:25:43,669
SO I'M GOING TO TALK ABOUT THE 

1878
01:25:43,669 --> 01:25:46,138
CLEAR AD U19 LONGITUDINAL 

1879
01:25:46,138 --> 01:25:46,805
BIOMARKERS OF ALZHEIMER'S 

1880
01:25:46,805 --> 01:25:50,709
DISEASE IN MULTI-ETHNIC 

1881
01:25:50,709 --> 01:25:51,009
POPULATIONS.

1882
01:25:51,009 --> 01:25:53,445
AND AS WE HEARD IN THE PREVIOUS 

1883
01:25:53,445 --> 01:25:55,647
TALK THIS IS A LARGE CONSORTIUM 

1884
01:25:55,647 --> 01:25:57,983
EFFORT LED BY THE MAYO CLINIC 

1885
01:25:57,983 --> 01:26:00,652
AND INDIANA UNIVERSITY WITH 13 

1886
01:26:00,652 --> 01:26:02,688
SITES AND OVER 100 

1887
01:26:02,688 --> 01:26:03,255
INVESTIGATORS.

1888
01:26:03,255 --> 01:26:06,692
ON THE TOP LEFT THERE YOU SEE 

1889
01:26:06,692 --> 01:26:10,362
THE PRECISION BIOMARKER 

1890
01:26:10,362 --> 01:26:10,629
FRAMEWORK.

1891
01:26:10,629 --> 01:26:14,132
WE ALL HEARD ABOUT AMYLOID TAU 

1892
01:26:14,132 --> 01:26:17,069
NEURODEGENERATION AS BIOMARKERS 

1893
01:26:17,069 --> 01:26:23,075
OF KEY NEUROPA PAPATHOLOGIES AN 

1894
01:26:23,075 --> 01:26:24,843
THERE'S MORE UNDER THE ICEBERG 

1895
01:26:24,843 --> 01:26:27,379
IT'S A COMPLEX DISEASE AND WE 

1896
01:26:27,379 --> 01:26:29,548
HEARD ABOUT IT THROUGHOUT THE 

1897
01:26:29,548 --> 01:26:30,382
TALKS.

1898
01:26:30,382 --> 01:26:32,885
I WON'T BELABOR THAT.

1899
01:26:32,885 --> 01:26:38,524
THE PREMISE OF CLEAR AD IS THERE

1900
01:26:38,524 --> 01:26:40,225
ARE COMPLEX MOLECULAR 

1901
01:26:40,225 --> 01:26:41,593
PERTURBATIONS IN THE BRAIN AND 

1902
01:26:41,593 --> 01:26:46,365
WE HEARD ABOUT THESE 

1903
01:26:46,365 --> 01:26:48,267
PERTURBATIONS IN MANY 

1904
01:26:48,267 --> 01:26:49,001
MULTI-OMICS TALKS.

1905
01:26:49,001 --> 01:26:53,772
AND CLEAR AD AIMS TO IDENTIFY 

1906
01:26:53,772 --> 01:26:56,441
NOT ONLY THE CENTRAL MOLECULAR 

1907
01:26:56,441 --> 01:26:58,076
SIGNATURES OF DISEASE BUT ALSO 

1908
01:26:58,076 --> 01:27:02,214
TO CAPTURE THEM IN PERIPHERY IN 

1909
01:27:02,214 --> 01:27:06,685
THE SO CALLED CENTRALLY LINKED 

1910
01:27:06,685 --> 01:27:08,987
PERIPHERAL MOLECULAR SIGNATURES.

1911
01:27:08,987 --> 01:27:13,325
ON THE TOP RIGHT IS THE 

1912
01:27:13,325 --> 01:27:15,594
FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROGRAM.

1913
01:27:15,594 --> 01:27:19,965
THE MOLECULAR PERTURBATIONS WILL

1914
01:27:19,965 --> 01:27:23,201
BE CAPTURED USING A PENTAOMICS 

1915
01:27:23,201 --> 01:27:25,504
APPROACH LOOK AT THE BIOLOGICAL 

1916
01:27:25,504 --> 01:27:27,739
PATHWAYS THAT THESE 

1917
01:27:27,739 --> 01:27:29,741
PERTURBATIONS FALL INTO IN A 

1918
01:27:29,741 --> 01:27:32,044
TIERED MECHANISM.

1919
01:27:32,044 --> 01:27:38,684
THE CENTER OF THE TIER ARE THOSE

1920
01:27:38,684 --> 01:27:41,053
BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS THAT ARE 

1921
01:27:41,053 --> 01:27:44,489
MOST PROVEN IN ALZHEIMER'S 

1922
01:27:44,489 --> 01:27:44,723
DISEASE.

1923
01:27:44,723 --> 01:27:46,091
THE OUTER TIER PATHWAYS ARE 20 

1924
01:27:46,091 --> 01:27:49,194
MORE AND THE OUTER MOST TIER IS 

1925
01:27:49,194 --> 01:27:50,696
THE DISCOVERY SPACE.

1926
01:27:50,696 --> 01:27:52,197
WE'LL BE TAKING A LOOK AT THESE 

1927
01:27:52,197 --> 01:27:57,135
PERTURBATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF 

1928
01:27:57,135 --> 01:27:58,604
THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE CONTEXT 

1929
01:27:58,604 --> 01:28:00,138
OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 

1930
01:28:00,138 --> 01:28:04,176
COPATHOLOGIES AND COMORBIDITIES 

1931
01:28:04,176 --> 01:28:09,915
IN MULTI-ETHNIC POPULATIONS 

1932
01:28:09,915 --> 01:28:10,716
COMPRISING AFRICAN AMERICAN AND 

1933
01:28:10,716 --> 01:28:12,751
LATIN AMERICANS AND NON-HISPANIC

1934
01:28:12,751 --> 01:28:15,253
WHITES AND WE'LL BE CORRELATING 

1935
01:28:15,253 --> 01:28:18,690
THE MULTI-OMICS MEASURES AND 

1936
01:28:18,690 --> 01:28:20,292
BIOLOGICAL PERTURBATIONS TO A 

1937
01:28:20,292 --> 01:28:21,426
VARIETY OF ENDO PHENOTYPES 

1938
01:28:21,426 --> 01:28:22,728
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO 

1939
01:28:22,728 --> 01:28:26,298
COGNITIVE IMAGING AND THE 

1940
01:28:26,298 --> 01:28:27,432
ROUTINELY MEASURED PERIPHERAL 

1941
01:28:27,432 --> 01:28:31,837
BIOMARKERS OF ATN.

1942
01:28:31,837 --> 01:28:34,706
SO THE LOWER LEFT ARE THE 

1943
01:28:34,706 --> 01:28:38,043
EXPECTED OUTCOMES OF IDENTIFYING

1944
01:28:38,043 --> 01:28:39,277
THE SIGNATURES WHERE IN THE 

1945
01:28:39,277 --> 01:28:42,247
FUTURE THE SIGNATURES WILL THEN 

1946
01:28:42,247 --> 01:28:45,417
BECOME THE PRECISION BIOMARKERS.

1947
01:28:45,417 --> 01:28:48,053
THE PROGRAM AIMS TO ESTABLISH AN

1948
01:28:48,053 --> 01:28:50,689
APPROACH, A PIPELINE FOR 

1949
01:28:50,689 --> 01:28:54,359
PRECISION BIOMARKERS IN 

1950
01:28:54,359 --> 01:28:54,793
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.

1951
01:28:54,793 --> 01:28:57,729
WE'LL IDENTIFY NOT ONLY THE 

1952
01:28:57,729 --> 01:29:00,532
PRECISION SIGNATURES BUT THAT 

1953
01:29:00,532 --> 01:29:02,467
THESE SIGNATURES CAN THEMSELVES 

1954
01:29:02,467 --> 01:29:04,302
BECOME THERAPEUTIC TARGETS AS WE

1955
01:29:04,302 --> 01:29:08,206
HEARD FROM OTHER SPEAKERS TODAY.

1956
01:29:08,206 --> 01:29:11,076
AND IMPORTANTLY THE PROGRAM ALSO

1957
01:29:11,076 --> 01:29:13,011
OFFERS A TWO-YEAR SCHOLARSHIP.

1958
01:29:13,011 --> 01:29:14,513
IF YOU'D LIKE TO LEARN MORE 

1959
01:29:14,513 --> 01:29:17,282
ABOUT IT, PLEASE CHECK OUT OUR 

1960
01:29:17,282 --> 01:29:21,286
WEBSITE CLEAR AD.org.

1961
01:29:21,286 --> 01:29:26,525
SOME OUTCOMES OF THE PROGRAM YOU

1962
01:29:26,525 --> 01:29:31,263
CAN FIND ON THE WEBSITE AND 

1963
01:29:31,263 --> 01:29:33,165
EXAMPLES ON THE LOWER RIGHT HAND

1964
01:29:33,165 --> 01:29:35,434
CORNER AND HIGHLIGHT A 

1965
01:29:35,434 --> 01:29:42,107
PUBLICATION FROM OUR GROUP P

1966
01:29:42,107 --> 01:29:46,712
PUBLICATION USING SINGLE NUCLEI 

1967
01:29:46,712 --> 01:29:50,215
RNA SEQ IN A BRAIN TISSUE.

1968
01:29:50,215 --> 01:29:54,686
WE HAVE IDENTIFIED A MOLECULAR 

1969
01:29:54,686 --> 01:30:00,826
DUO, A SMAT 3NGEEFA PERTURBED 

1970
01:30:00,826 --> 01:30:03,261
AND MAY UNDER LIE BLOOD BRAIN 

1971
01:30:03,261 --> 01:30:04,129
BARRIER DYSFUNCTION IN 

1972
01:30:04,129 --> 01:30:06,698
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.

1973
01:30:06,698 --> 01:30:09,868
BOTH BASED ON OUR DATA EXTERNAL 

1974
01:30:09,868 --> 01:30:12,838
DATA AS WELL AS MODEL SYSTEMS 

1975
01:30:12,838 --> 01:30:15,373
INCLUDING INDUCED PLURIPOTENT 

1976
01:30:15,373 --> 01:30:19,077
STEM CELL DERIVED PERICYTES.

1977
01:30:19,077 --> 01:30:22,047
THE SMAT 3 WHICH IS PERTURBED IN

1978
01:30:22,047 --> 01:30:26,685
PERICYTES WHEN MEASURED IN BLOOD

1979
01:30:26,685 --> 01:30:29,054
ALSO DOES CORRELATE WITH NEURO 

1980
01:30:29,054 --> 01:30:30,122
IMAGING BIOMARKERS OF 

1981
01:30:30,122 --> 01:30:33,091
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE SPECIFICALLY

1982
01:30:33,091 --> 01:30:38,230
AMYLOID DEPOSITION AND CORTICAL 

1983
01:30:38,230 --> 01:30:45,670
ATROPHY THEREBY PROVIDING A LINK

1984
01:30:45,670 --> 01:30:46,705
BETWEEN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND 

1985
01:30:46,705 --> 01:30:50,675
CENTRAL PERIPHERY LINK.

1986
01:30:50,675 --> 01:30:53,044
WITH THAT I'LL STOP.

1987
01:30:53,044 --> 01:30:57,682
>> SO OUR NEXT SPEAKER IS 

1988
01:30:57,682 --> 01:30:58,717
JESSICA FAUL FROM THE UNIVERSITY

1989
01:30:58,717 --> 01:30:59,951
OF MICHIGAN.

1990
01:30:59,951 --> 01:31:03,188
I HAVE TO SAY, GO BLUE.

1991
01:31:03,188 --> 01:31:05,991
>> SO WE'LL SWITCH GEARS A

1992
01:31:05,991 --> 01:31:07,192
LITTLE BIT AND TAKE A BIG 

1993
01:31:07,192 --> 01:31:08,527
PICTURE VIEW.

1994
01:31:08,527 --> 01:31:10,395
WHAT WE FELT WAS NEEDED WAS TO 

1995
01:31:10,395 --> 01:31:16,334
REPLICATE THE WORK DONE ON BLOOD

1996
01:31:16,334 --> 01:31:17,102
BRAIN BARRIER BUT USING A 

1997
01:31:17,102 --> 01:31:19,604
REPRESENTATIVE POPULATION BASED 

1998
01:31:19,604 --> 01:31:22,274
AND DIVERSE SAMPLE AND WE HAD A 

1999
01:31:22,274 --> 01:31:23,575
LONGITUDINAL PANEL STUDY WITH A 

2000
01:31:23,575 --> 01:31:25,744
REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF ADULTS 

2001
01:31:25,744 --> 01:31:27,279
IN THE U.S. OVER AGE 50 EVERY 

2002
01:31:27,279 --> 01:31:29,748
TWO YEARS WITH AN OVERSAMPLING 

2003
01:31:29,748 --> 01:31:31,483
OF RACE AND ETHNIC MINORITIES.

2004
01:31:31,483 --> 01:31:37,055
WE MEASURED A BETA 42/40 RATIO 

2005
01:31:37,055 --> 01:31:39,858
AND P TAU 181 AND REPRESENTATIVE

2006
01:31:39,858 --> 01:31:42,127
SUBSET OF PARTICIPANTS BORN IN 

2007
01:31:42,127 --> 01:31:43,128
1959 AND EARLIER.

2008
01:31:43,128 --> 01:31:49,167
SO THE SUB SAMPLE WAS ABOUT 

2009
01:31:49,167 --> 01:31:49,901
4,000 PEOPLE.

2010
01:31:49,901 --> 01:31:55,106
BEFORE THIS WE HAD TO SHOW THIS 

2011
01:31:55,106 --> 01:31:56,675
WAS FEASIBLE AND WE'RE 

2012
01:31:56,675 --> 01:31:58,977
COLLECTING BLOOD IN PARTICIPANTS

2013
01:31:58,977 --> 01:32:01,446
HOME SHIPPED TO A LABORATORY AND

2014
01:32:01,446 --> 01:32:02,681
DEVIATING FROM CLINICAL BEST 

2015
01:32:02,681 --> 01:32:03,849
PRACTICE.

2016
01:32:03,849 --> 01:32:05,684
THIS LINKS TO THE PUBLICATION 

2017
01:32:05,684 --> 01:32:06,885
FROM THE PILOT STUDY.

2018
01:32:06,885 --> 01:32:09,688
WE LEARNED IT WAS POSSIBLE WITH 

2019
01:32:09,688 --> 01:32:10,689
SOME CAVEATS.

2020
01:32:10,689 --> 01:32:12,524
WE WERE ABLE TO USE PLASMA FOR 

2021
01:32:12,524 --> 01:32:16,228
THE A BETA 42 AND 40 MEASUREMENT

2022
01:32:16,228 --> 01:32:18,563
BUT COULD ONLY LOOK AT IT AS A 

2023
01:32:18,563 --> 01:32:20,031
RATIO BECAUSE THE TOTAL AMOUNT 

2024
01:32:20,031 --> 01:32:22,033
OF A BETA DECLINED BECAUSE OF 

2025
01:32:22,033 --> 01:32:23,368
THE DELAY PROCESSING ABOUT THE 

2026
01:32:23,368 --> 01:32:27,806
THE RATIO REMAINED CONSTANT.

2027
01:32:27,806 --> 01:32:30,809
NFL AND G FAB WERE UNCHANGED AN 

2028
01:32:30,809 --> 01:32:33,345
FOR P TAU WE HAD TO SWITCH TO 

2029
01:32:33,345 --> 01:32:36,147
SERUM BECAUSE OF THE THEY ARE IN

2030
01:32:36,147 --> 01:32:38,083
PROCESSING LEADS TO ARTIFICIALLY

2031
01:32:38,083 --> 01:32:39,951
HIGH PHOSPHORYLATION AND WEREN'T

2032
01:32:39,951 --> 01:32:43,388
ABLE TO USE THE PLASMA SAMPLE.

2033
01:32:43,388 --> 01:32:44,623
WE USED THE ASSAY AND THEN IN 

2034
01:32:44,623 --> 01:32:47,058
THE STUDY WE COMPARED IT TO OUR 

2035
01:32:47,058 --> 01:32:48,326
COGNITIVE TESTS.

2036
01:32:48,326 --> 01:32:52,898
HERE WE'RE LOOKING AT MEDIA AND 

2037
01:32:52,898 --> 01:32:54,366
ADELAY RECALL AND BACKWARDS 

2038
01:32:54,366 --> 01:32:57,369
COUNTING AS A TOTAL SCORE FROM 0

2039
01:32:57,369 --> 01:33:00,205
TO 27 AND APPLIED THE DIAGNOSTIC

2040
01:33:00,205 --> 01:33:02,274
ALGORITHM VALIDATED IN OTHER 

2041
01:33:02,274 --> 01:33:03,875
STUDIES TO PREDICT DEMENTIA 

2042
01:33:03,875 --> 01:33:04,109
STATUS.

2043
01:33:04,109 --> 01:33:06,378
ON THE FAR SIDE YOU CAN SEE SOME

2044
01:33:06,378 --> 01:33:08,580
DESCRIPTIVES AND I WANTED TO 

2045
01:33:08,580 --> 01:33:12,484
POINT OUT WE ALSO HAD APOE E4 

2046
01:33:12,484 --> 01:33:14,519
ALLELE STATUS FROM PRIOR 

2047
01:33:14,519 --> 01:33:15,954
GENOTYPING EFFORTS AND WHAT WE 

2048
01:33:15,954 --> 01:33:18,690
FOUND THE MARKERS GENERALLY WERE

2049
01:33:18,690 --> 01:33:21,393
MODERATELY CORRELATED.

2050
01:33:21,393 --> 01:33:25,764
SO SPECIFICALLY NFL G FAB AND A 

2051
01:33:25,764 --> 01:33:28,867
BETA 42/40 WAS ONLY WEAKLY 

2052
01:33:28,867 --> 01:33:32,170
RELATED TO PAV OF P TAU FOR THE 

2053
01:33:32,170 --> 01:33:35,006
MOST PART THEY MEASURE 

2054
01:33:35,006 --> 01:33:36,708
DISTINCTIVE THINK AND SAW THE 

2055
01:33:36,708 --> 01:33:40,245
AGE-RELATED PATTERNS WE EXPECTED

2056
01:33:40,245 --> 01:33:43,682
BUT NO DIFFERENCES FOR THE A 

2057
01:33:43,682 --> 01:33:45,750
BETA 42/40 RATIO.

2058
01:33:45,750 --> 01:33:49,955
WE WERE LOOKING FOR RACE AND 

2059
01:33:49,955 --> 01:33:51,489
ETHNIC DIFFERENCES AND WE DIDN'T

2060
01:33:51,489 --> 01:33:53,525
SEE DIFFERENCES IN MEANS ACROSS 

2061
01:33:53,525 --> 01:33:55,093
THE BIOMARKERS BUT SEE A 

2062
01:33:55,093 --> 01:33:56,227
DIFFERENCE IN HOW WELL THEY 

2063
01:33:56,227 --> 01:33:58,263
PREDICTED OUTCOMES.

2064
01:33:58,263 --> 01:34:00,632
SO IN OUR SAMPLE NFL P TAU AND G

2065
01:34:00,632 --> 01:34:04,035
FAB WERE PREDICTIVE OF COGNITIVE

2066
01:34:04,035 --> 01:34:05,971
SCORE CROSS SECTIONALLY IN THE 

2067
01:34:05,971 --> 01:34:08,907
ENTIRE SAMPLE AND THE A BETA 

2068
01:34:08,907 --> 01:34:11,676
42/40 WAS PREDICTIVE OF 

2069
01:34:11,676 --> 01:34:13,011
COGNITIVE SCORE IN THE WHITE 

2070
01:34:13,011 --> 01:34:13,445
SAMPLE.

2071
01:34:13,445 --> 01:34:15,113
AND NFL WAS REALLY THE ONLY 

2072
01:34:15,113 --> 01:34:17,582
MARKER THAT CONSISTENTLY 

2073
01:34:17,582 --> 01:34:19,351
PREDICTED COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING 

2074
01:34:19,351 --> 01:34:24,089
ACROSS ALL THE RACE/ETHNIC 

2075
01:34:24,089 --> 01:34:24,990
GROUPS.

2076
01:34:24,990 --> 01:34:27,792
THIS SLIDE LOOKS WONKY SHOWING 

2077
01:34:27,792 --> 01:34:31,596
THE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE CROSS 

2078
01:34:31,596 --> 01:34:33,565
SECTIONAL COGNITIVE SCORE.

2079
01:34:33,565 --> 01:34:36,735
WHEN WE LOOKED AT THE MARKERS 

2080
01:34:36,735 --> 01:34:37,669
TOGETHER, NFL COMES OUTS THE 

2081
01:34:37,669 --> 01:34:39,671
STRONGEST PREDICTOR OF COGNITIVE

2082
01:34:39,671 --> 01:34:39,938
FUNCTION.

2083
01:34:39,938 --> 01:34:42,774
WE ALSO HAD THE ABILITY TO LOOK 

2084
01:34:42,774 --> 01:34:43,942
LONGITUDINALLY FOUR YEARS OUT 

2085
01:34:43,942 --> 01:34:46,711
FROM THE TIME OF MEASUREMENT AND

2086
01:34:46,711 --> 01:34:48,313
THE TABLE SHOWS WHAT THAT LOOKS 

2087
01:34:48,313 --> 01:34:49,681
LIKE AND AGAIN NFL WAS THE 

2088
01:34:49,681 --> 01:34:53,351
MARKER THAT WAS ABLE TO PREDICT 

2089
01:34:53,351 --> 01:34:54,686
DEMENTIA AND DEATH TWO AND FOUR 

2090
01:34:54,686 --> 01:34:58,223
YEAR AFTER THE MEASUREMENT OF 

2091
01:34:58,223 --> 01:34:59,024
THE BIOMARKER.

2092
01:34:59,024 --> 01:35:02,594
AND AGAIN CONSISTENT ACROSS RACE

2093
01:35:02,594 --> 01:35:04,963
AND ETHNIC GROUPS IN CONCLUSION 

2094
01:35:04,963 --> 01:35:06,464
THE MARKERS CAN BE MEASURED IN 

2095
01:35:06,464 --> 01:35:09,267
POPULATION-BASED STUDIES WITH 

2096
01:35:09,267 --> 01:35:11,036
CAVEATS AND APPROPRIATE 

2097
01:35:11,036 --> 01:35:11,302
PROTOCOLS.

2098
01:35:11,302 --> 01:35:13,304
THE BIOMARKERS RELATED TO 

2099
01:35:13,304 --> 01:35:15,440
CROSS-SECTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL

2100
01:35:15,440 --> 01:35:17,709
FUNCTIONING AND SAW LITTLE 

2101
01:35:17,709 --> 01:35:19,344
EVIDENCE OF RACE AND ETHNIC 

2102
01:35:19,344 --> 01:35:20,311
DIFFERENCES IN MEANS BUT SOME 

2103
01:35:20,311 --> 01:35:21,846
ABILITY TO PREDICT OUTCOMES.

2104
01:35:21,846 --> 01:35:25,984
NFL FOR US WAS THE STRONGEST 

2105
01:35:25,984 --> 01:35:28,286
PREDICTOR OF COGNITION CROSS 

2106
01:35:28,286 --> 01:35:31,389
SECTIONALLY AND LONGITUDINAL TO 

2107
01:35:31,389 --> 01:35:34,292
PREDICT DEMENTIA ONSET BUT AS 

2108
01:35:34,292 --> 01:35:37,262
ROB MENTIONED THE STRENGTH OF 

2109
01:35:37,262 --> 01:35:39,697
THE BIOMARKERS IS TO HELP 

2110
01:35:39,697 --> 01:35:40,865
DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN DIFFERENT 

2111
01:35:40,865 --> 01:35:43,101
KINDS OF DEMENTIAS.

2112
01:35:43,101 --> 01:35:44,602
WE HAVE MEASURED THESE 

2113
01:35:44,602 --> 01:35:46,671
LONGITUDINALLY AND MEASUREMENTS 

2114
01:35:46,671 --> 01:35:47,972
SIX YEARS LATER NOW AND JUST 

2115
01:35:47,972 --> 01:35:51,242
STARTING TO LOOK AT THOSE AND 

2116
01:35:51,242 --> 01:35:52,177
THINK THAT WILL HELPFUL IN 

2117
01:35:52,177 --> 01:35:52,844
UNDERSTANDING HOW THEY CHANGE 

2118
01:35:52,844 --> 01:35:53,311
OVER TIME.

2119
01:35:53,311 --> 01:35:56,681
ONE THING WE NEED IN THE FIELD 

2120
01:35:56,681 --> 01:35:57,949
IS A PLATFORM COMPARISON.

2121
01:35:57,949 --> 01:35:58,716
WE'RE ALL USING DIFFERENT TYPES 

2122
01:35:58,716 --> 01:35:59,684
OF TECHNIQUES TO MEASURE THESE 

2123
01:35:59,684 --> 01:36:03,488
THINGS AND I THINK FOR US TO 

2124
01:36:03,488 --> 01:36:05,023
BEGIN TO UNDERSTAND HOW ALL OF 

2125
01:36:05,023 --> 01:36:06,257
THESE STUDY RELATE TO ONE 

2126
01:36:06,257 --> 01:36:08,259
ANOTHER THAT TYPE OF WORK WOULD 

2127
01:36:08,259 --> 01:36:08,760
BE HELPFUL.

2128
01:36:08,760 --> 01:36:10,695
I ALSO WANTED TO MAKE A PLUG 

2129
01:36:10,695 --> 01:36:13,731
THAT ALL THE DATA WE PRODUCE ARE

2130
01:36:13,731 --> 01:36:14,065
PUBLICALLY -- 

2131
01:36:14,065 --> 01:36:18,603
[NO AUDIO]

2132
01:36:18,603 --> 01:36:29,047
RELEASED LATER THIS YEAR.

2133
01:36:36,287 --> 01:36:38,189
>> I'LL TRY THAT AGAIN.

2134
01:36:38,189 --> 01:36:42,694
>> I WANT TO START BY
THANKING 

2135
01:36:42,694 --> 01:36:48,633
THE NIA FOR THE SIN INVITATION.

2136
01:36:48,633 --> 01:36:52,003
WE HAVE A NON FOR PROFIT TO 

2137
01:36:52,003 --> 01:36:54,572
SUPPORT THE MISSION OF THE NIH 

2138
01:36:54,572 --> 01:36:57,075
AND ONE OF THE KEY SUCCESSES IN 

2139
01:36:57,075 --> 01:36:58,710
TACKLING THE MOST PRESSING 

2140
01:36:58,710 --> 01:37:02,180
HEALTH CHALLENGES IS PARTNERING 

2141
01:37:02,180 --> 01:37:06,684
WITH WORLD CLASS ORGANIZATIONS 

2142
01:37:06,684 --> 01:37:11,055
AND SCIENTIST AND CREATES 

2143
01:37:11,055 --> 01:37:12,290
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS AND 

2144
01:37:12,290 --> 01:37:16,828
ADVOCACY GROUPS TO ACCELERATE 

2145
01:37:16,828 --> 01:37:17,695
BIOMEDICAL INNOVATION ACROSS A 

2146
01:37:17,695 --> 01:37:19,864
RANGE OF DISEASES.

2147
01:37:19,864 --> 01:37:23,067
AND THE FNIH HAS LED SEVERAL 

2148
01:37:23,067 --> 01:37:25,803
INITIATIVES RESPONSIVE TO THE 

2149
01:37:25,803 --> 01:37:26,704
UNMET NEEDS IN ALZHEIMER'S 

2150
01:37:26,704 --> 01:37:28,573
DISEASE RESEARCH AND IN LINE 

2151
01:37:28,573 --> 01:37:32,043
WITH PET TRACERS, FLUID 

2152
01:37:32,043 --> 01:37:33,645
BIOMARKERS AND THE DISEASE 

2153
01:37:33,645 --> 01:37:35,180
MODIFYING THERAPEUTICS RECENTLY.

2154
01:37:35,180 --> 01:37:42,687
THESE INCLUDE OVERSIGHTS OF THE 

2155
01:37:42,687 --> 01:37:52,764
AD

2156
01:38:00,672 --> 01:38:00,939
AD

2157
01:38:00,939 --> 01:38:01,573
ADNI PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS

2158
01:38:01,573 --> 01:38:02,473
AND WITH THE CONSORTIUM IN I AM 

2159
01:38:02,473 --> 01:38:03,942
PROVING HEALTH THROUGH MEASURES.

2160
01:38:03,942 --> 01:38:05,710
WE LEAD A CROSS-SECTOR EFFORTS 

2161
01:38:05,710 --> 01:38:08,346
TO IDENTIFY AND VALIDATE AND 

2162
01:38:08,346 --> 01:38:09,480
QUALIFY POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS TO 

2163
01:38:09,480 --> 01:38:11,816
ADVANCE DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND 

2164
01:38:11,816 --> 01:38:16,654
ALSO SUPPORT REGULATORY DECISION

2165
01:38:16,654 --> 01:38:16,921
MAKING.

2166
01:38:16,921 --> 01:38:19,624
AMONG THE GOALS ARE TO DEVELOP 

2167
01:38:19,624 --> 01:38:20,291
EVIDENCE TO QUALIFY BIOMARKERS 

2168
01:38:20,291 --> 01:38:28,766
FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS IN 

2169
01:38:28,766 --> 01:38:31,703
DIAGNOSING DISEASE AND IMPROVING

2170
01:38:31,703 --> 01:38:32,570
CLINI

2171
01:38:32,570 --> 01:38:34,205
CLINICAL PRACTICE AND WITHIN THE

2172
01:38:34,205 --> 01:38:35,573
THEMES OF THE SUMMIT IS THAT THE

2173
01:38:35,573 --> 01:38:38,676
DATA THAT IS GENERATED OR 

2174
01:38:38,676 --> 01:38:42,180
FINDINGS GENERATED WITHIN THE 

2175
01:38:42,180 --> 01:38:45,016
BIOMARKER CONSORTIUM PROJECT ARE

2176
01:38:45,016 --> 01:38:46,084
MADE BROADLY AVAILABLE TO THE 

2177
01:38:46,084 --> 01:38:47,085
SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY.

2178
01:38:47,085 --> 01:38:48,620
THERE ARE FOUR THERAPEUTIC AREAS

2179
01:38:48,620 --> 01:38:49,921
UNDER THE BIOMARKER CONSORTIUM 

2180
01:38:49,921 --> 01:38:52,824
BUT FOR THE PURPOSES OF MY 

2181
01:38:52,824 --> 01:38:54,359
PRESENTATION I'LL FOCUS ON OUR 

2182
01:38:54,359 --> 01:38:56,694
NEUROSCIENCE COMMITTEE WHICH IS 

2183
01:38:56,694 --> 01:39:00,698
COMPRISED OF REPRESENTS FROM THE

2184
01:39:00,698 --> 01:39:03,635
NIH, FDA, BIO TECHNOLOGY AND BIO

2185
01:39:03,635 --> 01:39:05,236
PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES AND 

2186
01:39:05,236 --> 01:39:07,105
PATIENT ADVOCACY ORGANIZATIONS.

2187
01:39:07,105 --> 01:39:13,444
THE FNIH HAS CONCEPT IDEATION TO

2188
01:39:13,444 --> 01:39:14,579
COMPREHENSIVE PROJECT PLANNING 

2189
01:39:14,579 --> 01:39:15,513
AND THROUGH PROJECT EXECUTION.

2190
01:39:15,513 --> 01:39:18,383
SO WE HAVE A NUMBER OF ACTIVE 

2191
01:39:18,383 --> 01:39:21,219
PROJECTS THAT ARE INVESTIGATING 

2192
01:39:21,219 --> 01:39:22,687
ANALYTICAL VALIDATION OF FLUID 

2193
01:39:22,687 --> 01:39:23,788
AND IMAGING BIOMARKERS AND FOR 

2194
01:39:23,788 --> 01:39:25,823
THE INTEREST OF TIME I DO 

2195
01:39:25,823 --> 01:39:30,261
ENCOURAGE YOU TO UTILIZE THAT QR

2196
01:39:30,261 --> 01:39:33,998
CODE TAKING US TO THE BIOMARKER 

2197
01:39:33,998 --> 01:39:34,499
CONSORTIUM WEBSITE FOR 

2198
01:39:34,499 --> 01:39:35,500
INFORMATION ON THE PROJECTS.

2199
01:39:35,500 --> 01:39:40,038
AND I DID WANT TO MENTION TOO 

2200
01:39:40,038 --> 01:39:40,571
THE NEUROSCIENCE STEERING 

2201
01:39:40,571 --> 01:39:43,141
COMMITTEE IS ENGAGED IN 

2202
01:39:43,141 --> 01:39:44,075
PRIORITIZING AND OUTLINE NEW 

2203
01:39:44,075 --> 01:39:45,376
PROJECT CONCEPTS DONE IN THE 

2204
01:39:45,376 --> 01:39:49,047
COMING MONTHS AND A FEW OF THE 

2205
01:39:49,047 --> 01:39:49,781
POTENTIAL AREAS THROUGH 

2206
01:39:49,781 --> 01:39:50,982
DISCUSSIONS WITH OUR PARTNERS 

2207
01:39:50,982 --> 01:39:54,285
THAT HAVE BEEN HIGHLIGHTED FOR 

2208
01:39:54,285 --> 01:39:56,454
NEURAL INFLAMMATION, DIGITAL 

2209
01:39:56,454 --> 01:40:01,726
MEASURES AND TDP43 AND I WANTED 

2210
01:40:01,726 --> 01:40:04,162
TO TOUCH ON IN DEVELOPMENT 

2211
01:40:04,162 --> 01:40:05,063
PROJECTS.

2212
01:40:05,063 --> 01:40:10,134
THE FIRST BEING THE AD BIO 

2213
01:40:10,134 --> 01:40:11,469
SIGNATURE PROJECT AND A 

2214
01:40:11,469 --> 01:40:17,075
SIGNATURE OF AMYLOID POSITIVE 

2215
01:40:17,075 --> 01:40:20,178
COHORTS OF M INDIVIDUALS.

2216
01:40:20,178 --> 01:40:23,381
THE IDEA WE WOULD LEVERAGE DATA 

2217
01:40:23,381 --> 01:40:25,483
EXISTING WITHIN PRE CLINICAL AND

2218
01:40:25,483 --> 01:40:28,319
AD COHORTS WITH A FOCUS ON 

2219
01:40:28,319 --> 01:40:31,022
DIVERSITY WITHIN THE SELECTION 

2220
01:40:31,022 --> 01:40:32,957
OF PARTICIPANTS, PERFORM 

2221
01:40:32,957 --> 01:40:34,459
ADDITIONAL BIOMARKER ASSESSMENTS

2222
01:40:34,459 --> 01:40:37,261
TO FILL IN ANY DATA GAPS, 

2223
01:40:37,261 --> 01:40:40,031
HARMONIZE TO THE POINT MADE OF 

2224
01:40:40,031 --> 01:40:45,603
DIFFERENT PLATFORMS AND 

2225
01:40:45,603 --> 01:40:52,243
INVESTIGATE EMERGING  BLOOD 

2226
01:40:52,243 --> 01:40:53,044
BASED BIOMARKERS.

2227
01:40:53,044 --> 01:40:53,911
IF YOU WAND MORE INFORMATION 

2228
01:40:53,911 --> 01:40:55,213
COME FIND ME.

2229
01:40:55,213 --> 01:40:56,614
YOU HAVE MY E-MAIL IF YOU'D LIKE

2230
01:40:56,614 --> 01:40:59,917
TO CONNECT OUTSIDE THE SUMMIT 

2231
01:40:59,917 --> 01:41:05,089
AND I'LL END BY BRIEFLY 

2232
01:41:05,089 --> 01:41:09,460
INTRODUCING OUR WORK TO 

2233
01:41:09,460 --> 01:41:10,695
COMPREHENSIVELY INVESTIGATE THE 

2234
01:41:10,695 --> 01:41:13,064
CLINICAL RELEVANCE AND 

2235
01:41:13,064 --> 01:41:14,699
BIOLOGICAL CONTEXT OF VARIOUS 

2236
01:41:14,699 --> 01:41:17,068
SYNAPTIC MARKERS IN ALZHEIMER'S 

2237
01:41:17,068 --> 01:41:18,903
DISEASE AND PSYCHOSIS SPECTRUM 

2238
01:41:18,903 --> 01:41:20,972
DISORDERS AND ELUCIDATING THEIR 

2239
01:41:20,972 --> 01:41:22,640
ASSOCIATION WITH DISEASE 

2240
01:41:22,640 --> 01:41:23,241
PATHOLOGY.

2241
01:41:23,241 --> 01:41:26,677
THAT WILL ENTAIL META-ANALYSIS 

2242
01:41:26,677 --> 01:41:27,645
AS WELL AS COMPARISONS BETWEEN 

2243
01:41:27,645 --> 01:41:30,681
THE FLUID SYNAPTIC MARKERS AND 

2244
01:41:30,681 --> 01:41:32,550
VALIDATING THEM AGAINST PET 

2245
01:41:32,550 --> 01:41:36,921
IMAGING AND MEASUREMENTS IN 

2246
01:41:36,921 --> 01:41:37,255
BRAIN TISSUE.

2247
01:41:37,255 --> 01:41:38,956
YOU ENCOURAGE TO YOU REACH OUT 

2248
01:41:38,956 --> 01:41:41,526
KNOW COLLEGIATE THE FNIH AND HER

2249
01:41:41,526 --> 01:41:42,827
E-MAIL IS HERE IF YOU ARE 

2250
01:41:42,827 --> 01:41:43,127
INTERESTED.

2251
01:41:43,127 --> 01:41:51,602
THANK YOU SO MUCH.

2252
01:41:51,602 --> 01:41:53,004
>> OKAY.

2253
01:41:53,004 --> 01:41:56,374
SO I THINK WE DID A GREAT JOB ON

2254
01:41:56,374 --> 01:41:58,443
TIME WITH THAT SESSION.

2255
01:41:58,443 --> 01:42:03,714
SO TO KICK OFF THE DISCUSSION 

2256
01:42:03,714 --> 01:42:04,949
PORTION OF THIS SESSION 

2257
01:42:04,949 --> 01:42:09,654
DR. RHODA AU AND I PRIMARILY 

2258
01:42:09,654 --> 01:42:11,756
RHODA PUT TOGETHER SOME TALKING 

2259
01:42:11,756 --> 01:42:13,324
POINTS FOR US TO THINK ABOUT 

2260
01:42:13,324 --> 01:42:18,196
WHEN WE THINK ABOUT GAPS IN 

2261
01:42:18,196 --> 01:42:19,530
OPPORTUNITIES AND WITH RESPECT 

2262
01:42:19,530 --> 01:42:22,467
TO DISCOVERY I THINK THE THEMES 

2263
01:42:22,467 --> 01:42:24,035
THAT CAME ACROSS TODAY FROM ALL 

2264
01:42:24,035 --> 01:42:26,370
OF OUR SPEAKERS ARE THAT WE NEED

2265
01:42:26,370 --> 01:42:30,975
TO DIVERSIFY AND IDENTIFY NOVEL 

2266
01:42:30,975 --> 01:42:31,876
BIOMARKERS, NEXT GENERATION 

2267
01:42:31,876 --> 01:42:34,512
BIOMARKERS AND WE NEED TO BE 

2268
01:42:34,512 --> 01:42:36,047
REPRESENTATIVE IN OUR SAMPLE 

2269
01:42:36,047 --> 01:42:40,117
WHEN WE ARE LOOKING AT 

2270
01:42:40,117 --> 01:42:41,052
BIOMARKERS.

2271
01:42:41,052 --> 01:42:43,221
WE ALSO NEED CLEAR VALIDATION 

2272
01:42:43,221 --> 01:42:46,457
AND I THINK JESSICA BROUGHT THIS

2273
01:42:46,457 --> 01:42:47,692
UP WE'RE ALL USING DIFFERENT 

2274
01:42:47,692 --> 01:42:49,827
PLATFORMS TO MEASURE OUR PLASMA 

2275
01:42:49,827 --> 01:42:53,297
BIOMARKERS WHEN WE'RE WORKING IN

2276
01:42:53,297 --> 01:42:53,965
INDIVIDUAL GROUPS.

2277
01:42:53,965 --> 01:42:59,070
WE'VE GOT TO MAKE SURE THAT'S 

2278
01:42:59,070 --> 01:42:59,403
REPRODUCIBLE.

2279
01:42:59,403 --> 01:43:02,206
IT'S GOOD TO DO INDIVIDUAL WORK 

2280
01:43:02,206 --> 01:43:05,810
BUT WE THESE MULTI-MODAL 

2281
01:43:05,810 --> 01:43:07,011
VALIDATION ACROSS DIFFERENT 

2282
01:43:07,011 --> 01:43:10,047
PLATFORMS TO REALLY VALIDATE 

2283
01:43:10,047 --> 01:43:11,048
THESE BIOMARKERS BEFORE WE ROLL 

2284
01:43:11,048 --> 01:43:12,717
THEM OUT IN CLINIC.

2285
01:43:12,717 --> 01:43:15,820
THE EXPOSOME I THINK HAS BEEN 

2286
01:43:15,820 --> 01:43:18,689
DISCUSSED BY SEVERAL SPEAKERS.

2287
01:43:18,689 --> 01:43:20,558
WE KNOW IT'S CONTRIBUTORY BUT I 

2288
01:43:20,558 --> 01:43:22,159
THINK WE NEED TO CONSIDER 

2289
01:43:22,159 --> 01:43:26,697
EXPOSOME AS INTEGRATIVE AND 

2290
01:43:26,697 --> 01:43:29,600
MULTIDIMENSIONAL AND THINK OF 

2291
01:43:29,600 --> 01:43:34,639
THE CLINICAL UTILITY OF OUR 

2292
01:43:34,639 --> 01:43:35,273
BIOMARKERS FOR DIAGNOSIS AND 

2293
01:43:35,273 --> 01:43:37,074
CONSIDER HOW WE'LL GET THEM TO 

2294
01:43:37,074 --> 01:43:38,643
FDA APPROVAL AND THEN HOW ARE WE

2295
01:43:38,643 --> 01:43:40,811
GOING TO INTEGRATE THEM AND 

2296
01:43:40,811 --> 01:43:43,314
WHERE ARE WE GOING TO INTEGRATE 

2297
01:43:43,314 --> 01:43:48,452
THEM WITHIN THE HEALTH CARE 

2298
01:43:48,452 --> 01:43:48,953
SYSTEM.

2299
01:43:48,953 --> 01:43:51,522
THE OPPORTUNITIES ARE SCALABLE 

2300
01:43:51,522 --> 01:43:52,757
ACCURATE ASSESSMENT AND 

2301
01:43:52,757 --> 01:43:53,791
BIOMARKERS REPRESENT SUCH AN 

2302
01:43:53,791 --> 01:43:55,326
OPPORTUNITY IN THIS AREA FOR US 

2303
01:43:55,326 --> 01:43:59,063
TO BE SCALABLE AND ALSO 

2304
01:43:59,063 --> 01:44:01,532
INCLUSIVE IN OUR SCIENCE AND 

2305
01:44:01,532 --> 01:44:02,166
CARE.

2306
01:44:02,166 --> 01:44:07,238
AND WE NEED TO BE DOING TRUE 

2307
01:44:07,238 --> 01:44:10,675
COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION 

2308
01:44:10,675 --> 01:44:13,544
OF BIOMARKERS.

2309
01:44:13,544 --> 01:44:15,813
SO GAP AND OPPORTUNITIES WITH 

2310
01:44:15,813 --> 01:44:20,785
THE SCIENTIFIC ENGINE.

2311
01:44:20,785 --> 01:44:23,220
THE FRONT END INFRASTRUCTURE 

2312
01:44:23,220 --> 01:44:26,457
LOW-COST DATA COLLECTION IS 

2313
01:44:26,457 --> 01:44:26,691
IDEAL.

2314
01:44:26,691 --> 01:44:29,060
WE NEED DATA INGESTION AND NEED 

2315
01:44:29,060 --> 01:44:30,695
TO BE WORK WITH THE FDA AS EARLY

2316
01:44:30,695 --> 01:44:33,898
AS POSSIBLE TO REALLY MOVE THESE

2317
01:44:33,898 --> 01:44:36,300
BIOMARKERS FORWARD TO THE 

2318
01:44:36,300 --> 01:44:36,601
CLINIC.

2319
01:44:36,601 --> 01:44:40,504
ON THE BACK HAND WE NEED DATA 

2320
01:44:40,504 --> 01:44:41,939
PREPARATION, DATA 

2321
01:44:41,939 --> 01:44:45,276
DEIDENTIFICATION, DATA 

2322
01:44:45,276 --> 01:44:47,912
HARMONIZATION IS KEY FOR SO MANY

2323
01:44:47,912 --> 01:44:51,282
OF THESE STUDIES.

2324
01:44:51,282 --> 01:44:53,651
DATA SHARING AND RE-USE I THINK 

2325
01:44:53,651 --> 01:44:55,019
WE'RE ALL IN AGREEMENT.

2326
01:44:55,019 --> 01:44:58,689
OPEN DATA SHARING IS THE WAY 

2327
01:44:58,689 --> 01:45:00,424
FORWARD FOR THE WHOLE FIELD.

2328
01:45:00,424 --> 01:45:02,693
SO WE NEED TO THINK IN THOSE 

2329
01:45:02,693 --> 01:45:02,893
TERMS.

2330
01:45:02,893 --> 01:45:06,097
WE NEED TO THINK ABOUT HOW WE 

2331
01:45:06,097 --> 01:45:07,498
CONSENT OUR PARTICIPANTS.

2332
01:45:07,498 --> 01:45:09,300
WE NEED TO THINK ABOUT THE 

2333
01:45:09,300 --> 01:45:11,402
ETHICS OF THE DATA SHARING AND 

2334
01:45:11,402 --> 01:45:12,870
CLINICAL STUDIES AND TRIALS.

2335
01:45:12,870 --> 01:45:13,738
I KNOW THERE'S BEEN A LOT OF 

2336
01:45:13,738 --> 01:45:17,041
FRUSTRATION FROM THE ACADEMIC 

2337
01:45:17,041 --> 01:45:20,011
COMMUNITY ABOUT ACCESS TO 

2338
01:45:20,011 --> 01:45:22,580
SAMPLES FROM CLINICAL TRIALS SO 

2339
01:45:22,580 --> 01:45:26,017
WE CAN APPLY OUR OWN SCIENTIFIC 

2340
01:45:26,017 --> 01:45:27,752
HYPOTHESES AND MOVE THOSE FIELDS

2341
01:45:27,752 --> 01:45:27,985
FORWARD.

2342
01:45:27,985 --> 01:45:32,256
I THINK IF WE HAD SOME MORE OPEN

2343
01:45:32,256 --> 01:45:34,558
SCIENCE AROUND CLINICAL TRIALS 

2344
01:45:34,558 --> 01:45:38,696
THAT WOULD MOVE THE SCIENCE MORE

2345
01:45:38,696 --> 01:45:38,929
RAPIDLY.

2346
01:45:38,929 --> 01:45:40,297
INTEROPERABILITY IS IMPORTANT.

2347
01:45:40,297 --> 01:45:42,700
ON THE DATA ANALYTICS SIDE AS WE

2348
01:45:42,700 --> 01:45:45,136
GET THESE BIG DATA SETS IT'S 

2349
01:45:45,136 --> 01:45:47,071
GOING TO BE MULTI-DIMENSIONAL 

2350
01:45:47,071 --> 01:45:47,471
DATA.

2351
01:45:47,471 --> 01:45:48,639
WE'LL HAVE A LOT OF MODELLING 

2352
01:45:48,639 --> 01:45:52,677
AND CLEARLY THERE'S A SPACE HERE

2353
01:45:52,677 --> 01:45:55,212
FOR THE USE OF A.I. AND 

2354
01:45:55,212 --> 01:45:58,749
OBVIOUSLY WE NEED TO RAMP UP OUR

2355
01:45:58,749 --> 01:46:03,721
DATA SCIENTIST WORKFORCE WHO CAN

2356
01:46:03,721 --> 01:46:05,423
SPEAK ALZHEIMER'S AND DEMENTIA.

2357
01:46:05,423 --> 01:46:06,691
THAT'S BEEN A CHALLENGE IS 

2358
01:46:06,691 --> 01:46:10,728
FINDING DATA SCIENTISTS WHO CAN 

2359
01:46:10,728 --> 01:46:14,699
HAVE ENOUGH UNDERSTANDING OF THE

2360
01:46:14,699 --> 01:46:17,034
SCIENCE WE'RE TRYING TO DO.

2361
01:46:17,034 --> 01:46:19,770
WE HAVE A LOT OF OPPORTUNITIES.

2362
01:46:19,770 --> 01:46:22,440
THERE'S A LOT OF NON-PROPRIETARY

2363
01:46:22,440 --> 01:46:24,008
TOOL AND YOU DON'T HAVE TO BUY 

2364
01:46:24,008 --> 01:46:25,376
LICENSE AND EXPENSIVE SOFTWARE 

2365
01:46:25,376 --> 01:46:26,711
TO DO SOME OF THIS WORK.

2366
01:46:26,711 --> 01:46:28,479
AND MANY PEOPLE ARE PUTTING 

2367
01:46:28,479 --> 01:46:30,648
THEIR DATA ANALYTIC CODES OUT 

2368
01:46:30,648 --> 01:46:33,150
ONLINE SO YOU CAN REPRODUCE 

2369
01:46:33,150 --> 01:46:35,686
THEIR ANALYSIS ON YOUR OWN DATA 

2370
01:46:35,686 --> 01:46:36,253
SETS.

2371
01:46:36,253 --> 01:46:39,724
WE NEED ACCESSIBLE AND GLOBALLY 

2372
01:46:39,724 --> 01:46:41,559
REPRESENTATIVE DATA RESOURCES 

2373
01:46:41,559 --> 01:46:46,731
AND I THANK THE NIH FOR TRYING 

2374
01:46:46,731 --> 01:46:48,232
TO BUILD A LOT OF THESE 

2375
01:46:48,232 --> 01:46:50,735
INTERNATIONAL AS WELL AS 

2376
01:46:50,735 --> 01:46:51,736
NATIONAL REPOSITORIES.

2377
01:46:51,736 --> 01:46:53,437
WE NEED TO ADVANCE COMPUTATIONAL

2378
01:46:53,437 --> 01:46:55,339
APPROACHES AND I SEE THIS AS 

2379
01:46:55,339 --> 01:46:57,208
BEING A RAPIDLY ACCELERATING 

2380
01:46:57,208 --> 01:46:59,143
AREA OVER THE NEXT FEW YEARS.

2381
01:46:59,143 --> 01:46:59,677
WE NEED EQUAL OPPORTUNITY 

2382
01:46:59,677 --> 01:47:02,680
SCIENCE.

2383
01:47:02,680 --> 01:47:05,116
SO WITH THAT AND WITH THOSE 

2384
01:47:05,116 --> 01:47:07,084
BROAD GAPS IN OPPORTUNITIES WHEN

2385
01:47:07,084 --> 01:47:09,954
IT COMES TO BIOMARKERS WE'LL 

2386
01:47:09,954 --> 01:47:12,156
OPEN THIS UP FOR A DISCUSSION 

2387
01:47:12,156 --> 01:47:14,425
WITHIN THE PANEL BUT ALSO 

2388
01:47:14,425 --> 01:47:15,926
OBVIOUSLY IDEALLY WE WOULD HAVE 

2389
01:47:15,926 --> 01:47:17,828
QUESTIONS FROM THE AUDIENCE.

2390
01:47:17,828 --> 01:47:18,963
PLEASE COME TO THE MICROPHONES 

2391
01:47:18,963 --> 01:47:19,930
WITH ANY QUESTIONS OR POINTS 

2392
01:47:19,930 --> 01:47:30,274
YOU'D LIKE TO MAKE.

2393
01:47:32,676 --> 01:47:34,345
>> HI THERE.

2394
01:47:34,345 --> 01:47:35,012
SOME MIND BLOWING PRESENTATIONS 

2395
01:47:35,012 --> 01:47:38,149
THIS MORNING.

2396
01:47:38,149 --> 01:47:42,720
MY QUESTION DIRECTED TO THE 

2397
01:47:42,720 --> 01:47:47,091
ONES -- PLEASE DON'T TAKE THIS 

2398
01:47:47,091 --> 01:47:53,764
PERSONALLY AND MIKE SNYDER AND 

2399
01:47:53,764 --> 01:47:56,500
RHODA AU AND THE DIGITAL 

2400
01:47:56,500 --> 01:47:56,801
BIOMARKERS.

2401
01:47:56,801 --> 01:47:59,537
THE CAPABILITIES AND POTENTIAL 

2402
01:47:59,537 --> 01:48:02,406
IS AMAZING BUT WONDERING IF YOU 

2403
01:48:02,406 --> 01:48:04,542
MIGHT BE WILLING THERE'S A 

2404
01:48:04,542 --> 01:48:05,376
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESEARCH AND 

2405
01:48:05,376 --> 01:48:06,744
CLINICAL PRACTICE.

2406
01:48:06,744 --> 01:48:11,015
BIG DIFFERENCE.

2407
01:48:11,015 --> 01:48:14,251
COULD YOU ADDRESS, PLEASE, THE 

2408
01:48:14,251 --> 01:48:19,924
ISSUES OF THE RISKS, SAFETY AND 

2409
01:48:19,924 --> 01:48:20,157
PRIVACY?

2410
01:48:20,157 --> 01:48:22,726
>> WHO WOULD LIKE TO TAKE
THAT 

2411
01:48:22,726 --> 01:48:32,603
QUESTION?

2412
01:48:32,603 --> 01:48:33,170
>> THANK YOU.

2413
01:48:33,170 --> 01:48:36,106
I THINK ABOUT PRIVACY, GET OVER 

2414
01:48:36,106 --> 01:48:36,273
IT.

2415
01:48:36,273 --> 01:48:37,341
NOTHING'S REALLY PRIVATE.

2416
01:48:37,341 --> 01:48:38,709
YOU HAVE CAMERAS ON TRAFFIC 

2417
01:48:38,709 --> 01:48:39,009
LIGHTS.

2418
01:48:39,009 --> 01:48:44,048
WE ALL HAVE CREDIT CARDS AND 

2419
01:48:44,048 --> 01:48:48,385
THEY'RE HAVE PRIVATE INFORMATION

2420
01:48:48,385 --> 01:48:49,453
IS THE ANSWER BY THE WAY AND 

2421
01:48:49,453 --> 01:48:52,189
THERE'S PRIVATE DATA OUT THERE 

2422
01:48:52,189 --> 01:48:54,892
AND THE QUESTION IS WE'LL GET 

2423
01:48:54,892 --> 01:48:57,528
THEM USED AND OBVIOUSLY MY 

2424
01:48:57,528 --> 01:49:02,600
THINKING IS WE SHOULD HAVE LAWS 

2425
01:49:02,600 --> 01:49:05,169
AND WE WANT TO PROMOTE DATA.

2426
01:49:05,169 --> 01:49:07,538
I THINK DATA ARE INCREDIBLY 

2427
01:49:07,538 --> 01:49:07,805
VALUABLE.

2428
01:49:07,805 --> 01:49:11,308
IT'S A LOT OF WORK ACTUALLY TO 

2429
01:49:11,308 --> 01:49:12,743
GO THROUGH ALL THESE PRIVACIES 

2430
01:49:12,743 --> 01:49:13,878
TO RUN THE STUDIES BECAUSE 

2431
01:49:13,878 --> 01:49:16,080
PEOPLE ARE VERY CONCERNED BUT I 

2432
01:49:16,080 --> 01:49:18,716
CAN'T SAY I'VE NEVER SEEN ANYONE

2433
01:49:18,716 --> 01:49:21,252
WHO'S BEEN ABUSED BY THEIR 

2434
01:49:21,252 --> 01:49:21,919
WEARABLE DATA.

2435
01:49:21,919 --> 01:49:24,788
I MAY BE WRONG ABOUT THAT BUT I 

2436
01:49:24,788 --> 01:49:26,357
HAVEN'T SEEN IT MUCH AND THE 

2437
01:49:26,357 --> 01:49:27,358
BENEFITS OUT WEIGH THE RISK.

2438
01:49:27,358 --> 01:49:31,395
I GUESS I'M SAYING I THINK THE 

2439
01:49:31,395 --> 01:49:33,330
DATA IS SUPER VALUABLE.

2440
01:49:33,330 --> 01:49:34,665
SOME ARE QUITE ACCURATE.

2441
01:49:34,665 --> 01:49:37,401
SOME LESS SO BUT THE DELTAS ARE 

2442
01:49:37,401 --> 01:49:39,236
USUALLY FINE WITH CHANGES.

2443
01:49:39,236 --> 01:49:42,773
I JUST THINK IT'S INCREDIBLY 

2444
01:49:42,773 --> 01:49:45,776
VALUABLE THINGS TO BRING IN.

2445
01:49:45,776 --> 01:49:47,978
I THINK WE CAN SECURE AS MUCH AS

2446
01:49:47,978 --> 01:49:50,381
WE CAN AND GENOMIC DATA AND FIRE

2447
01:49:50,381 --> 01:49:53,117
WALLS AND ALL THIS SORT OF 

2448
01:49:53,117 --> 01:49:53,684
STUFF.

2449
01:49:53,684 --> 01:49:55,586
HOPEFULLY IT WON'T BE ABUSED BUT

2450
01:49:55,586 --> 01:49:58,422
NOTHING IS TOTALLY UNHACKABLE.

2451
01:49:58,422 --> 01:50:00,724
SO I THINK AGAIN THE BENEFITS 

2452
01:50:00,724 --> 01:50:02,559
OUTWEIGH THE RISKS.

2453
01:50:02,559 --> 01:50:05,296
I MYSELF AS A PERSONAL LEVEL 

2454
01:50:05,296 --> 01:50:07,765
HAVE ABOUT TWO PETABYTES OF MY 

2455
01:50:07,765 --> 01:50:09,867
DATA ONLINE INCLUDING ANY GENOME

2456
01:50:09,867 --> 01:50:12,436
SEQUENCE AND SO FAR NO ONE HAS 

2457
01:50:12,436 --> 01:50:15,472
ABUSED ME FOR IT AND I'VE GOTTEN

2458
01:50:15,472 --> 01:50:16,307
INTERESTING ADVICE OUT THERE BUT

2459
01:50:16,307 --> 01:50:18,442
THAT'S MY TWO CENTS ON IT.

2460
01:50:18,442 --> 01:50:22,579
>> I ASSUME YOU HAVEN'T
APPLIED 

2461
01:50:22,579 --> 01:50:24,481
FOR LONG-TERM CARE YET?

2462
01:50:24,481 --> 01:50:26,917
>> NOT YET.

2463
01:50:26,917 --> 01:50:28,652
>> THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF
ONE OF 

2464
01:50:28,652 --> 01:50:29,386
THE RISKS.

2465
01:50:29,386 --> 01:50:33,857
>> IT COULD BE, YEAH.

2466
01:50:33,857 --> 01:50:34,725
>> IPSIT DO YOU HAVE
ANYTHING TO

2467
01:50:34,725 --> 01:50:40,230
ADD TO THIS DISCUSSION?

2468
01:50:40,230 --> 01:50:42,733
>> AS SOMEONE WHO GIVES MY

2469
01:50:42,733 --> 01:50:45,436
PATIENTS WEARABLES THIS IS WITH 

2470
01:50:45,436 --> 01:50:49,473
MY CLINICIAN HAT ON, 

2471
01:50:49,473 --> 01:50:50,407
TRANSPARENCY IS KEY AND 

2472
01:50:50,407 --> 01:50:53,110
ENGENDERS TRUST AND IF YOU CAN 

2473
01:50:53,110 --> 01:50:55,045
TELL SOMEONE EXACTLY WHAT YOU'RE

2474
01:50:55,045 --> 01:50:57,314
COLLECTING AND CAN CONTROL AND 

2475
01:50:57,314 --> 01:50:58,682
CAN'T CONTROL AND EXPLAIN WHAT 

2476
01:50:58,682 --> 01:51:00,584
THEY'RE GOING TO GET OUT OF IT, 

2477
01:51:00,584 --> 01:51:02,086
I THINK PEOPLE ARE QUITE WILLING

2478
01:51:02,086 --> 01:51:04,188
TO SHARE THEIR DATA IF YOU CAN 

2479
01:51:04,188 --> 01:51:05,556
CONVEY TO THEM EXACTLY HOW THIS 

2480
01:51:05,556 --> 01:51:06,724
IS GOING TO HELP THEM.

2481
01:51:06,724 --> 01:51:10,494
THIS IS THE ONE-ON-ONE 

2482
01:51:10,494 --> 01:51:11,095
DOCTOR-PATIENT LEVEL.

2483
01:51:11,095 --> 01:51:12,363
IT'S HARDER AT SCALE.

2484
01:51:12,363 --> 01:51:13,464
THE OTHER POINT IS THE QUALITY 

2485
01:51:13,464 --> 01:51:16,467
OF DATA AND PRECISION YOU NEED 

2486
01:51:16,467 --> 01:51:18,702
FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE IS QUITE A

2487
01:51:18,702 --> 01:51:20,170
LOWER STANDARD BAR THAN FOR 

2488
01:51:20,170 --> 01:51:21,071
RESEARCH.

2489
01:51:21,071 --> 01:51:23,640
WE USE THE TERM DIGITAL 

2490
01:51:23,640 --> 01:51:24,541
CO-LATERAL INFORMATION TO 

2491
01:51:24,541 --> 01:51:27,444
CAPTURE WHAT WE DO WITH PATIENTS

2492
01:51:27,444 --> 01:51:28,645
WHERE YOU WANT ADDITIONAL 

2493
01:51:28,645 --> 01:51:29,313
SOURCES OF INFORMATION.

2494
01:51:29,313 --> 01:51:30,748
THEY DON'T NEED TO BE PERFECT.

2495
01:51:30,748 --> 01:51:33,050
THE WORK OF CLINICAL PRACTICE 

2496
01:51:33,050 --> 01:51:35,519
OFTEN COMES TO INTEGRATING 

2497
01:51:35,519 --> 01:51:37,688
VARIOUS SOURCES OF DATA AND WHAT

2498
01:51:37,688 --> 01:51:40,357
THE PATIENT TELLS YOU TO GENETIC

2499
01:51:40,357 --> 01:51:45,763
MARKERS AND COMING UP WITH A 

2500
01:51:45,763 --> 01:51:53,103
PLAN.

2501
01:51:53,103 --> 01:51:54,705
AND IN THE END WE HEARD TRUST IS

2502
01:51:54,705 --> 01:51:55,873
KEY.

2503
01:51:55,873 --> 01:51:58,709
>> RHODA ANYTHING TO ADD?

2504
01:51:58,709 --> 01:52:00,010
>> VALUE PROPOSITION IS
WHAT 

2505
01:52:00,010 --> 01:52:00,744
YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT.

2506
01:52:00,744 --> 01:52:02,346
YOU NEED TO GIVE VALUE BACK FROM

2507
01:52:02,346 --> 01:52:04,248
THE RESEARCH SAMPLING AND ALSO 

2508
01:52:04,248 --> 01:52:05,616
ON THE CLINICAL STANDPOINT.

2509
01:52:05,616 --> 01:52:12,189
I DO THINK WE'RE GOING TO MOVE 

2510
01:52:12,189 --> 01:52:17,127
TO A CASE WHERE OUR WEARABLE 

2511
01:52:17,127 --> 01:52:27,604
APPLICATIONS WILL GIVE DATA.

2512
01:52:29,039 --> 01:52:30,641
FITBIT GIVES YOU STEPS AND SO 

2513
01:52:30,641 --> 01:52:32,342
FORTH AND FROM A CLINICAL CARE 

2514
01:52:32,342 --> 01:52:33,677
STANDPOINT I THINK WE'LL START 

2515
01:52:33,677 --> 01:52:37,347
WITH THEM AS MEASURES NOT 

2516
01:52:37,347 --> 01:52:38,182
BIOMARKERS.

2517
01:52:38,182 --> 01:52:40,984
I THINK THERE'S VALUE IN GETTING

2518
01:52:40,984 --> 01:52:41,785
THIS INFORMATION.

2519
01:52:41,785 --> 01:52:44,288
SHARING IT WITH YOUR CLINICAL 

2520
01:52:44,288 --> 01:52:48,559
CARE TEAM WITH A LOWER LEVEL OF 

2521
01:52:48,559 --> 01:52:50,194
ACCURACY DEPENDENCY AT THAT 

2522
01:52:50,194 --> 01:52:50,727
POINT.

2523
01:52:50,727 --> 01:52:54,731
THAT'S WHY I DIFFERENTIATE 

2524
01:52:54,731 --> 01:52:57,201
BETWEEN DIGITAL PHENOTYPING 

2525
01:52:57,201 --> 01:52:58,001
MEASURES VERSUS BIOMARKERS WHICH

2526
01:52:58,001 --> 01:53:00,938
WILL TAKE US A KWLIEL TO GET 

2527
01:53:00,938 --> 01:53:02,806
THERE BUT AT LEAST WE'LL BE ABLE

2528
01:53:02,806 --> 01:53:03,640
TO PENETRATE.

2529
01:53:03,640 --> 01:53:06,343
WE'RE ALREADY STARTING TO 

2530
01:53:06,343 --> 01:53:07,344
PENETRATE WITH THE DIGITAL 

2531
01:53:07,344 --> 01:53:08,078
DEVICES.

2532
01:53:08,078 --> 01:53:09,947
THE OTHER THING WE DO IS AT 

2533
01:53:09,947 --> 01:53:11,582
LEAST IN THE RESEARCH WE'RE 

2534
01:53:11,582 --> 01:53:12,816
DOING IS GIVING PARTICIPANTS A 

2535
01:53:12,816 --> 01:53:13,750
CHOICE.

2536
01:53:13,750 --> 01:53:16,253
SO WE WILL HAVE A SET OF 

2537
01:53:16,253 --> 01:53:18,355
DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS, 

2538
01:53:18,355 --> 01:53:23,927
WEARABLES AND IN-HOME SENSOR AND

2539
01:53:23,927 --> 01:53:25,796
ALLOW THEM TO CHOOSE WHAT THEY 

2540
01:53:25,796 --> 01:53:27,764
FEEL COMFORTABLE WITH TO GIVE 

2541
01:53:27,764 --> 01:53:29,032
THEM THE VALUE PROPOSITION 

2542
01:53:29,032 --> 01:53:30,667
THAT'S IMPORTANT TO THEM AND WE 

2543
01:53:30,667 --> 01:53:32,536
MAKE SURE TO COLLECT THE RAW 

2544
01:53:32,536 --> 01:53:34,605
DIGITAL DATA STREAMS.

2545
01:53:34,605 --> 01:53:38,509
IT TURNS OUT ACROSS ALL THESE 

2546
01:53:38,509 --> 01:53:40,544
SMARTPHONE, WEARABLE, THEY'RE 

2547
01:53:40,544 --> 01:53:42,546
ALL THE SAME SENSORS AND 

2548
01:53:42,546 --> 01:53:44,081
COLLECTING THE SAME KIND OF DATA

2549
01:53:44,081 --> 01:53:46,717
JUST WITH DIFFERENT KINDS OF 

2550
01:53:46,717 --> 01:53:47,851
DEVICES.

2551
01:53:47,851 --> 01:53:49,887
SO WE GET THE RAW IT'S GOING TO 

2552
01:53:49,887 --> 01:53:51,155
BE OVERLAPPING.

2553
01:53:51,155 --> 01:53:52,422
SO THEY GET THEIR CHOICE IN 

2554
01:53:52,422 --> 01:53:54,725
ORDER TO MAKE SURE IT BRINGS 

2555
01:53:54,725 --> 01:53:57,027
VALUE TO THEM AND WE'RE GETTING 

2556
01:53:57,027 --> 01:53:57,227
DATA.

2557
01:53:57,227 --> 01:53:59,096
THIS IS WHERE THE DATA 

2558
01:53:59,096 --> 01:54:00,697
HARMONIZATION COMES IN TO 

2559
01:54:00,697 --> 01:54:02,032
AGGREGATE AND GET TO THE SAME 

2560
01:54:02,032 --> 01:54:05,102
MEASURES EVEN THOUGH IT'S COMING

2561
01:54:05,102 --> 01:54:07,104
FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES.

2562
01:54:07,104 --> 01:54:09,072
>> THANK YOU FOR YOUR
THOUGHTFUL

2563
01:54:09,072 --> 01:54:09,806
RESPONSES.

2564
01:54:09,806 --> 01:54:11,575
LET'S KEEP THAT PART OF THE 

2565
01:54:11,575 --> 01:54:12,309
DIALOGUE.

2566
01:54:12,309 --> 01:54:15,546
>> MICROPHONE TO MY RIGHT,

2567
01:54:15,546 --> 01:54:15,946
PLEASE.

2568
01:54:15,946 --> 01:54:20,050
>> YES, WONDERFUL
PRESENTATIONS.

2569
01:54:20,050 --> 01:54:24,021
I ENJOYED IT SANDIN JONES.

2570
01:54:24,021 --> 01:54:25,489
I DRUTH THE CLINICAL BIOMARKERS 

2571
01:54:25,489 --> 01:54:29,092
LABORATORY AND WHEN I STARTED IT

2572
01:54:29,092 --> 01:54:32,095
I REALIZED IT'S ALMOST MYTHICAL 

2573
01:54:32,095 --> 01:54:33,797
TO CONSIDER BIOMARKERS AND 

2574
01:54:33,797 --> 01:54:35,999
WONDERFUL TO SEE THE PROGRESS.

2575
01:54:35,999 --> 01:54:37,467
I'M INTERESTED IN THE 

2576
01:54:37,467 --> 01:54:39,403
CONNECTIVITY TO MODIFIABLE 

2577
01:54:39,403 --> 01:54:40,304
OUTCOMES.

2578
01:54:40,304 --> 01:54:43,574
THAT'S WHERE WE WANT TO GO.

2579
01:54:43,574 --> 01:54:44,608
THAT'S SOMETHING I DIDN'T HEAR A

2580
01:54:44,608 --> 01:54:47,377
LOT ABOUT BUT I KNOW YOU ALL 

2581
01:54:47,377 --> 01:54:49,646
HAVE TERRIFIC IDEAS ON THAT.

2582
01:54:49,646 --> 01:54:53,650
HOW WE CAN USE THESE MORE 

2583
01:54:53,650 --> 01:54:55,085
DIRECTLY TO CONNECT TO 

2584
01:54:55,085 --> 01:55:01,124
MODIFIABLE OUTCOMES.

2585
01:55:01,124 --> 01:55:05,095
>> YEAH, I CAN LET OTHER 

2586
01:55:05,095 --> 01:55:07,464
PANELISTS CHIME IN.

2587
01:55:07,464 --> 01:55:12,302
ROB PROBABLY HAS THOUGHTS ON 

2588
01:55:12,302 --> 01:55:13,837
THIS TOO.

2589
01:55:13,837 --> 01:55:20,544
I THINK THE FLUID BIOMARKERS ARE

2590
01:55:20,544 --> 01:55:23,113
IMPERFECT WHEN IT COMES TO 

2591
01:55:23,113 --> 01:55:30,721
TRACKING THE EFFICACY OF THE 

2592
01:55:30,721 --> 01:55:34,291
APPROVED DRUGS.

2593
01:55:34,291 --> 01:55:37,060
EVEN THOUGH THOSE PLASMA 

2594
01:55:37,060 --> 01:55:39,229
BIOMARKERS ARE VERY GOOD 

2595
01:55:39,229 --> 01:55:40,530
DISTINGUISHING WHO HAS AND 

2596
01:55:40,530 --> 01:55:42,532
DOESN'T HAVE AMYLOID AND ONCE 

2597
01:55:42,532 --> 01:55:44,134
THEY'RE ON THE DRUG THEY DON'T 

2598
01:55:44,134 --> 01:55:45,168
HELP US TRACK THE CLEARANCE AS 

2599
01:55:45,168 --> 01:55:47,104
WELL AS WE WOULD LIKE.

2600
01:55:47,104 --> 01:55:49,806
AND SO WE'RE STILL STUCK WITH I 

2601
01:55:49,806 --> 01:55:50,374
THINK PET LIKE ENDS AT THIS 

2602
01:55:50,374 --> 01:55:53,110
POINT.

2603
01:55:53,110 --> 01:55:55,512
I THINK AS WE DEVELOP NEW 

2604
01:55:55,512 --> 01:55:57,914
THERAPEUTICS IT'S GOING TO BE 

2605
01:55:57,914 --> 01:56:00,250
CRITICALLY IMPORTANT THAT WE 

2606
01:56:00,250 --> 01:56:04,021
DEVELOP IN PARALLEL TARGET 

2607
01:56:04,021 --> 01:56:06,156
ENGAGEMENT BIOMARKERS SO THAT WE

2608
01:56:06,156 --> 01:56:07,190
CAN HAVE THE READ OUT THAT 

2609
01:56:07,190 --> 01:56:08,659
YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT.

2610
01:56:08,659 --> 01:56:12,462
AND SO I WOULD ENCOURAGE ANYONE 

2611
01:56:12,462 --> 01:56:13,597
WITH A DRUG DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM 

2612
01:56:13,597 --> 01:56:15,832
TO ALSO BE THINKING ABOUT A 

2613
01:56:15,832 --> 01:56:21,038
CLEAR TARGET ENGAGEMENT 

2614
01:56:21,038 --> 01:56:22,239
MODIFIABLE OUTCOME BIOMARKER 

2615
01:56:22,239 --> 01:56:26,710
THAT THEY WILL DEVELOP IN 

2616
01:56:26,710 --> 01:56:31,081
PARALLEL WITH THE DRUG.

2617
01:56:31,081 --> 01:56:33,684
>> I AGREE WITH WHAT
YOU'RE 

2618
01:56:33,684 --> 01:56:34,785
SAYING DONNA DEFINITELY.

2619
01:56:34,785 --> 01:56:37,454
I THINK WE'RE GETTING THERE IN 

2620
01:56:37,454 --> 01:56:40,157
TERMS OF USING PLASMA BIOMARKERS

2621
01:56:40,157 --> 01:56:43,794
OR CSF BIOMARKER PHARMACO 

2622
01:56:43,794 --> 01:56:45,629
DYNAMICALLY WATCHING THEM CHANGE

2623
01:56:45,629 --> 01:56:46,730
AS AMYLOID CHANGE.

2624
01:56:46,730 --> 01:56:47,331
WE'RE STILL EARLY DAYS.

2625
01:56:47,331 --> 01:56:49,366
IT'S IN DEVELOPMENT.

2626
01:56:49,366 --> 01:56:52,602
I AGREE PERHAPS AT THE MOMENT 

2627
01:56:52,602 --> 01:56:54,705
PET IS STILL NEEDED.

2628
01:56:54,705 --> 01:56:56,106
FOR EXAMPLE IN THE A4 TRIAL 

2629
01:56:56,106 --> 01:56:58,175
WHICH WAS NEGATIVE, WE DID SEE 

2630
01:56:58,175 --> 01:57:01,678
SOME CHANGE IN AMYLOID 

2631
01:57:01,678 --> 01:57:02,579
ACCUMULATION THAT WAS ONLY 

2632
01:57:02,579 --> 01:57:03,580
VISIBLE BY PET.

2633
01:57:03,580 --> 01:57:06,249
WHEN YOU LOOK AT P TAU, 217 IT 

2634
01:57:06,249 --> 01:57:07,684
WAS NOT SIGNIFICANT.

2635
01:57:07,684 --> 01:57:14,725
I THINK AS THE ASSAYS GET 

2636
01:57:14,725 --> 01:57:17,127
REFINED AND BETTER BUT WE'RE NOT

2637
01:57:17,127 --> 01:57:26,169
QUITE THERE YET.

2638
01:57:26,169 --> 01:57:28,872
>> ERIN.

2639
01:57:28,872 --> 01:57:31,141
>> FOR THE AD BIOSIGNATURE
IT'S 

2640
01:57:31,141 --> 01:57:32,943
BEEN DISCUSSED AT A HIGH LEVEL 

2641
01:57:32,943 --> 01:57:34,044
WE COULD AS DATA SETS BECOME 

2642
01:57:34,044 --> 01:57:36,380
AVAILABLE SO ACCESS MAY BE A 

2643
01:57:36,380 --> 01:57:37,714
CHALLENGE BUT IF WE GET 

2644
01:57:37,714 --> 01:57:38,615
INTERVENTION TRIAL DATA WE CAN 

2645
01:57:38,615 --> 01:57:41,118
LOOK AT OTHER CONTEXT OF USE 

2646
01:57:41,118 --> 01:57:43,387
INCLUDING THOSE WITH THE 

2647
01:57:43,387 --> 01:57:44,020
MODIFIABLE OUTCOMES.

2648
01:57:44,020 --> 01:57:45,155
I APPRECIATE YOUR QUESTION.

2649
01:57:45,155 --> 01:57:45,422
THANK YOU.

2650
01:57:45,422 --> 01:57:48,892
>> I THINK IN THE INTEREST
OF 

2651
01:57:48,892 --> 01:57:50,494
TIME WE HAVE 12 MINUTES TO GET 

2652
01:57:50,494 --> 01:57:52,696
TO THESE QUESTIONS.

2653
01:57:52,696 --> 01:57:54,631
I'M GOING TO ALTERNATE THE 

2654
01:57:54,631 --> 01:57:58,835
MICROPHONE TO MY LEFT, PLEASE.

2655
01:57:58,835 --> 01:58:01,271
>> IAN KRIEGER.

2656
01:58:01,271 --> 01:58:02,706
REMARKABLE SESSION AND I'LL 

2657
01:58:02,706 --> 01:58:06,276
OFFER A COMMENT BUT A PREAMBLE 

2658
01:58:06,276 --> 01:58:09,479
IS I'M WILDLY ENTHUSIASTIC ABOUT

2659
01:58:09,479 --> 01:58:12,115
EVERYTHING YOU'RE DOING BUT -- I

2660
01:58:12,115 --> 01:58:16,553
HOPE THAT ALL OF YOU THAT WORK 

2661
01:58:16,553 --> 01:58:18,488
IN THE BIOMARKER SPACE AND NIA 

2662
01:58:18,488 --> 01:58:22,592
AND ITS ROLE IN LEADERSHIP WITH 

2663
01:58:22,592 --> 01:58:26,329
PARTNERS LIKE FDA AND CMS WHILE 

2664
01:58:26,329 --> 01:58:28,732
DIVE DEEPLY INTO THE ETHICS AND 

2665
01:58:28,732 --> 01:58:31,067
APPLYING THIS IN REAL WORLD 

2666
01:58:31,067 --> 01:58:32,602
SETTINGS.

2667
01:58:32,602 --> 01:58:34,004
THERE'S ENORMOUS POWER IN WHAT 

2668
01:58:34,004 --> 01:58:35,939
YOU ARE OFFERING TO NOT ONLY 

2669
01:58:35,939 --> 01:58:38,275
CLINICIANS BUT TO THEIR CURRENT 

2670
01:58:38,275 --> 01:58:41,178
AND FUTURE PATIENTS, WHOLE HUMAN

2671
01:58:41,178 --> 01:58:42,379
BEINGS.

2672
01:58:42,379 --> 01:58:43,914
IN THE SAME WAY THIS CONFERENCE,

2673
01:58:43,914 --> 01:58:45,916
THIS SUMMIT IS FOCUSSED ON 

2674
01:58:45,916 --> 01:58:47,551
PRECISION MEDICINE, WE NEED TO 

2675
01:58:47,551 --> 01:58:49,753
WORK HARD REALLY HARD TO MAKE 

2676
01:58:49,753 --> 01:58:55,692
SURE WE HAVE PRECISION IN THE 

2677
01:58:55,692 --> 01:59:01,698
WAY INFORMATION IS DISCLOSED AND

2678
01:59:01,698 --> 01:59:04,334
THEN ACTION OF THE DISCLOSURE 

2679
01:59:04,334 --> 01:59:06,703
DIRECTED THE RECIPIENTS OF THE 

2680
01:59:06,703 --> 01:59:08,338
BIOMARKER IS AT LEAST AS 

2681
01:59:08,338 --> 01:59:09,940
SIGNIFICANT IN TERMS DISEASE 

2682
01:59:09,940 --> 01:59:11,741
PROCESSES AND THE RELEVANT 

2683
01:59:11,741 --> 01:59:13,977
APPLICATIONS OF HOW TO TACKLE 

2684
01:59:13,977 --> 01:59:17,214
THOSE DISEASES AND THE 

2685
01:59:17,214 --> 01:59:18,715
MANIFESTATIONS OF SYMPTOMS.

2686
01:59:18,715 --> 01:59:24,621
THERE IS ENORMOUS DANGER THAT 

2687
01:59:24,621 --> 01:59:26,523
WE'RE ALREADY LIVING WITH IN 

2688
01:59:26,523 --> 01:59:30,594
UNLEASHING THIS KIND OF DATA 

2689
01:59:30,594 --> 01:59:33,029
DIRECT TO CONSUMER NEVER MIND 

2690
01:59:33,029 --> 01:59:34,331
WHEN IT'S FILTERED THROUGH 

2691
01:59:34,331 --> 01:59:35,999
CLINICIANS THE PATIENT MAY OR 

2692
01:59:35,999 --> 01:59:38,702
MAY NOT HAVE A DEEP MEANINGFUL 

2693
01:59:38,702 --> 01:59:39,069
RELATIONSHIP.

2694
01:59:39,069 --> 01:59:41,872
AND FEW OF US ACTUALLY HAVE A 

2695
01:59:41,872 --> 01:59:44,641
DEEP PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP.

2696
01:59:44,641 --> 01:59:46,543
WE HAVE THIS MASSIVE TURNOVER ON

2697
01:59:46,543 --> 01:59:48,845
WHICH CLINICIAN WE SEE ON WHICH 

2698
01:59:48,845 --> 01:59:50,113
VISIT ABOUT WHICH SPECIFIC 

2699
01:59:50,113 --> 01:59:53,683
COMPLAINT OR RISK FACTOR.

2700
01:59:53,683 --> 01:59:55,719
SO IF WE ARE GOING TO GO DOWN 

2701
01:59:55,719 --> 01:59:57,454
THIS COURSE, YOU CAN'T GET THE 

2702
01:59:57,454 --> 02:00:02,726
HORSE BACK INSIDE THE BARN.

2703
02:00:02,726 --> 02:00:05,128
BUT WE CAN CHOOSE WHETHER WE 

2704
02:00:05,128 --> 02:00:08,865
PERSONALIZE IN A CULTURALLY 

2705
02:00:08,865 --> 02:00:11,401
SENSITIVE AND RESPONSIVE WAY 

2706
02:00:11,401 --> 02:00:12,435
WHEN PEOPLE GET THIS 

2707
02:00:12,435 --> 02:00:16,540
INFORMATION, ARE THEY EQUIPPED 

2708
02:00:16,540 --> 02:00:18,508
TO INTERPRET IT OR ASSISTED IN 

2709
02:00:18,508 --> 02:00:19,843
INTERPRETING IT AND KNOWING WHAT

2710
02:00:19,843 --> 02:00:22,112
TO DO WITH THE INFORMATION AND 

2711
02:00:22,112 --> 02:00:24,281
WHAT GOD HELP US AND THEM, THEY 

2712
02:00:24,281 --> 02:00:26,016
OUGHT NOT DO WITH THE 

2713
02:00:26,016 --> 02:00:26,349
INFORMATION.

2714
02:00:26,349 --> 02:00:28,151
I'LL END ON THIS.

2715
02:00:28,151 --> 02:00:30,387
WE ALL KNOW DISCLOSURE OF A 

2716
02:00:30,387 --> 02:00:33,189
DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER'S CAN BE 

2717
02:00:33,189 --> 02:00:35,792
DONE WELL OR DONE BADLY AND WHEN

2718
02:00:35,792 --> 02:00:37,394
IT IS DONE BADLY THE LITERATURE 

2719
02:00:37,394 --> 02:00:40,830
IS RICH ABOUT THE ELEVATION IN 

2720
02:00:40,830 --> 02:00:41,131
SUICIDALITY.

2721
02:00:41,131 --> 02:00:43,934
SO LET'S DO THIS WELL.

2722
02:00:43,934 --> 02:00:46,069
LET'S PLAN BEFORE ALL OF THE 

2723
02:00:46,069 --> 02:00:51,474
HORSES ARE OUT OF ALL THE BARNS 

2724
02:00:51,474 --> 02:00:55,946
AND MAKE SURE THAT WE'RE BEING 

2725
02:00:55,946 --> 02:00:56,813
PERSONALIZED IN A WAY DISCLOSURE

2726
02:00:56,813 --> 02:00:59,149
IS DONE AND PROACTIVE IN GIVING 

2727
02:00:59,149 --> 02:01:02,018
PEOPLE TOOLS TO UTILIZE THE 

2728
02:01:02,018 --> 02:01:05,021
INFORMATION THAT'S DISCLOSED IN 

2729
02:01:05,021 --> 02:01:06,122
A SCIENTIFICALLY ACCURATE AND 

2730
02:01:06,122 --> 02:01:06,790
MEANINGFUL WAY TO IMPROVE THEIR 

2731
02:01:06,790 --> 02:01:10,527
QUALITY OF LIFE.

2732
02:01:10,527 --> 02:01:15,565
>> SO, I 110% AGREE WITH 

2733
02:01:15,565 --> 02:01:18,001
EVERYTHING YOU JUST SAID.

2734
02:01:18,001 --> 02:01:22,806
I WAS RELIEVED TO SEE THE QUEST 

2735
02:01:22,806 --> 02:01:25,108
DIRECT TO CONSUMER WAS PULLED 

2736
02:01:25,108 --> 02:01:25,442
BACK.

2737
02:01:25,442 --> 02:01:27,177
THERE WAS A BACKLASH.

2738
02:01:27,177 --> 02:01:28,445
I KNOW SOMEONE ELSE IS PUTTING 

2739
02:01:28,445 --> 02:01:32,349
OUT DIRECT TO CONSUMER WHICH IS 

2740
02:01:32,349 --> 02:01:32,616
WORRYING.

2741
02:01:32,616 --> 02:01:35,552
I THINK THIS IS A MOVING FIELD 

2742
02:01:35,552 --> 02:01:39,923
AND A MOVING TARGET AND SO RIGHT

2743
02:01:39,923 --> 02:01:41,725
NOW I DON'T KNOW THAT THERE'S A 

2744
02:01:41,725 --> 02:01:44,394
NEED TO DO PLASMA BIOMARKERS 

2745
02:01:44,394 --> 02:01:47,697
CLINICALLY UNLESS SOMEONE HAS A 

2746
02:01:47,697 --> 02:01:48,598
COGNITIVE COMPLAINT BECAUSE THEN

2747
02:01:48,598 --> 02:01:50,400
THEY CAN POTENTIALLY BE 

2748
02:01:50,400 --> 02:01:56,473
CANDIDATES FOR THE NEW DRUGS.

2749
02:01:56,473 --> 02:01:58,775
I THINK AS THE HEAD TRIAL READS 

2750
02:01:58,775 --> 02:02:02,712
OUT IN A COUPLE YEARS WHERE 

2751
02:02:02,712 --> 02:02:05,215
WE'RE LOOKING AT WHETHER 

2752
02:02:05,215 --> 02:02:06,616
TREATMENT'S EFFECTIVE THAT WILL 

2753
02:02:06,616 --> 02:02:08,418
CHANGE THE LANDSCAPE OF HOW WE 

2754
02:02:08,418 --> 02:02:11,955
DO BIOMARKERS CLINICALLY IF 

2755
02:02:11,955 --> 02:02:14,057
PRE-CLINICAL A.D. TREATMENT IS 

2756
02:02:14,057 --> 02:02:15,892
NOW APPROVED.

2757
02:02:15,892 --> 02:02:20,263
SO I THINK WE HAVE -- I THINK WE

2758
02:02:20,263 --> 02:02:24,668
ALL APPRECIATE YOUR POINT ABOUT 

2759
02:02:24,668 --> 02:02:25,935
HOW ETHICALLY AND RESPONSIBLY WE

2760
02:02:25,935 --> 02:02:27,470
HAVE TO MANAGE THE DATA AND WHAT

2761
02:02:27,470 --> 02:02:29,706
WE SHARE WITH THE PATIENTS BUT I

2762
02:02:29,706 --> 02:02:31,675
WILL SAY A LOT OF OUR RESEARCH 

2763
02:02:31,675 --> 02:02:32,242
PARTICIPANTS WANT THIS 

2764
02:02:32,242 --> 02:02:32,676
INFORMATION BACK.

2765
02:02:32,676 --> 02:02:34,210
I THINK IT'S JUST A CASE OF HOW 

2766
02:02:34,210 --> 02:02:37,747
WE GIVE IT BACK TO THEM AND THE 

2767
02:02:37,747 --> 02:02:40,016
KIND OF COUNSELLING THEY ARE GET

2768
02:02:40,016 --> 02:02:46,022
AHEAD OF HEARING THOSE RESULTS.

2769
02:02:46,022 --> 02:02:48,324
>> I TOO AGREE.

2770
02:02:48,324 --> 02:02:50,160
HAVING SAID THAT THERE ARE 

2771
02:02:50,160 --> 02:02:52,996
FRAMEWORKS ALREADY IN PLACE.

2772
02:02:52,996 --> 02:02:56,900
WE SEE PATIENTS IN THE PRIMARY 

2773
02:02:56,900 --> 02:02:58,501
CARE SETTING.

2774
02:02:58,501 --> 02:03:00,136
WE TELL THEM THEY HAVE PROSTATE 

2775
02:03:00,136 --> 02:03:00,570
CANCER.

2776
02:03:00,570 --> 02:03:02,605
WE MEASURE THEIR LIPIDS AND LOOK

2777
02:03:02,605 --> 02:03:04,274
AT THEIR EKG AND TELL THEM 

2778
02:03:04,274 --> 02:03:07,777
YOU'RE AT RISK OF STROKE, A 

2779
02:03:07,777 --> 02:03:08,445
HEART ATTACK.

2780
02:03:08,445 --> 02:03:09,345
WE DELIVER THESE THINGS AND DONE

2781
02:03:09,345 --> 02:03:11,381
IN A FRAMEWORK.

2782
02:03:11,381 --> 02:03:13,083
WE CAN BORROW FROM THE SAME 

2783
02:03:13,083 --> 02:03:18,121
FRAME WORK BUT WE NEED TO ALSO 

2784
02:03:18,121 --> 02:03:19,389
BE COGNIZANT OF THE FACT THE 

2785
02:03:19,389 --> 02:03:21,324
BIOMARKERS CANNOT BE JUST THE 

2786
02:03:21,324 --> 02:03:22,692
PROPERTY OF THE SUB, SUB, SUB 

2787
02:03:22,692 --> 02:03:26,696
SPECIALIST.

2788
02:03:26,696 --> 02:03:33,036
 IT UP TO PRIMARY CARE 

2789
02:03:33,036 --> 02:03:33,970
PHYSICIANS BECAUSE WE'RE DEALING

2790
02:03:33,970 --> 02:03:36,473
WITH AN EPIDEMIC AND DEALING 

2791
02:03:36,473 --> 02:03:37,140
WITH POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS 

2792
02:03:37,140 --> 02:03:38,208
INFORMATION WHICH IT COULD BE WE

2793
02:03:38,208 --> 02:03:43,279
CAN BORROW FROM THE EXISTING 

2794
02:03:43,279 --> 02:03:44,280
FRAMEWORKS.

2795
02:03:44,280 --> 02:03:45,615
WE NEED TO BE COGNIZANT OF THE 

2796
02:03:45,615 --> 02:03:48,752
FACT THAT IT CANNOT JUST BE THE 

2797
02:03:48,752 --> 02:03:51,387
SUB SPECIALIST AND TERTIARY CARE

2798
02:03:51,387 --> 02:03:51,755
CENTERS.

2799
02:03:51,755 --> 02:03:54,057
WE NEED TO TRAIN PHYSICIANS 

2800
02:03:54,057 --> 02:03:56,226
APPROPRIATELY AND TRAIN MORE 

2801
02:03:56,226 --> 02:03:58,461
NEUROLOGISTS, MORE BEHAVIORAL 

2802
02:03:58,461 --> 02:04:00,563
NEUROLOGISTS, MORE NEURAL 

2803
02:04:00,563 --> 02:04:02,565
PATHOLOGISTS WHO ARE WELL VERSED

2804
02:04:02,565 --> 02:04:05,168
IN THE SCIENCE AND NEED TO TRAIN

2805
02:04:05,168 --> 02:04:06,369
MORE SCIENTISTS WELL VERSED IN 

2806
02:04:06,369 --> 02:04:08,772
THE REAL LIFE APPLICATIONS.

2807
02:04:08,772 --> 02:04:12,242
>> I JUST WANT TO ADD
QUICKLY IN

2808
02:04:12,242 --> 02:04:13,843
THE REALM OF DIGITAL IT'S 

2809
02:04:13,843 --> 02:04:15,411
ALREADY OUT THERE.

2810
02:04:15,411 --> 02:04:20,283
I TOLD YOU IT'S $35 BILLION AND 

2811
02:04:20,283 --> 02:04:20,950
GLOBAL.

2812
02:04:20,950 --> 02:04:22,051
THERE AREN'T RESOURCES AVAILABLE

2813
02:04:22,051 --> 02:04:23,453
AND I THINK WE ALSO NEED TO 

2814
02:04:23,453 --> 02:04:25,722
THINK ABOUT HOW WE TURN THIS 

2815
02:04:25,722 --> 02:04:26,956
AROUND INTO SORT OF THINKING 

2816
02:04:26,956 --> 02:04:29,993
ABOUT THE CITIZEN SCIENTISTS.

2817
02:04:29,993 --> 02:04:31,861
GENETICS ALREADY DID THAT WITH 

2818
02:04:31,861 --> 02:04:32,328
THE COMMERCIALIZATION.

2819
02:04:32,328 --> 02:04:37,400
WE NEED TO DO A BETTER JOB OF 

2820
02:04:37,400 --> 02:04:38,635
PUSHING THIS OUT THERE IN THE 

2821
02:04:38,635 --> 02:04:39,869
GREATER CONTEXT IN MY CASE I 

2822
02:04:39,869 --> 02:04:42,305
LIKE TO THINK ABOUT PRECISION 

2823
02:04:42,305 --> 02:04:44,407
BRAIN HEALTH SO YOU'RE THINKING 

2824
02:04:44,407 --> 02:04:45,475
ABOUT YOUR HEALTH ACROSS YOUR 

2825
02:04:45,475 --> 02:04:47,010
ENTIRE LIFE SPAN.

2826
02:04:47,010 --> 02:04:50,046
WE THINK OF THIS AS LIFE COURSE 

2827
02:04:50,046 --> 02:04:50,280
ANYWAYS.

2828
02:04:50,280 --> 02:04:52,248
SO YOU'RE LEARNING HOW TO USE 

2829
02:04:52,248 --> 02:04:54,517
THESE DIFFERENT DEVICES YOU 

2830
02:04:54,517 --> 02:04:56,586
ALREADY ARE FEEDING BACK 

2831
02:04:56,586 --> 02:04:57,220
INFORMATION AND EDUCATING.

2832
02:04:57,220 --> 02:04:59,889
SO THIS IS SORT OF A PUBLIC 

2833
02:04:59,889 --> 02:05:00,924
AWARENESS, PUBLIC EDUCATION 

2834
02:05:00,924 --> 02:05:03,026
MOVEMENT THAT NEEDS TO GO.

2835
02:05:03,026 --> 02:05:06,696
I DO THINK WE HAVE SOME OF THESE

2836
02:05:06,696 --> 02:05:08,565
DIRECT TO CONSUMER PRODUCTS TO 

2837
02:05:08,565 --> 02:05:09,566
LEARN LESSONS FROM THAT.

2838
02:05:09,566 --> 02:05:11,734
I WANT TO MAKE SURE WE 

2839
02:05:11,734 --> 02:05:13,803
DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN WHAT CAN 

2840
02:05:13,803 --> 02:05:15,705
BE DRIVEN THROUGH OUR HEALTH 

2841
02:05:15,705 --> 02:05:17,173
CARE VERSUS WHAT'S HAPPENING 

2842
02:05:17,173 --> 02:05:18,675
ALREADY.

2843
02:05:18,675 --> 02:05:19,876
>> THANK YOU.

2844
02:05:19,876 --> 02:05:21,444
IN THE INTEREST OF TIME WE ARE 

2845
02:05:21,444 --> 02:05:22,812
GOING TO DO QUICK QUESTIONS, 

2846
02:05:22,812 --> 02:05:25,215
QUICK ANSWERS.

2847
02:05:25,215 --> 02:05:25,949
SO GO AHEAD.

2848
02:05:25,949 --> 02:05:31,287
>> DR. RISSMAN AS WE
EMBARKED IN

2849
02:05:31,287 --> 02:05:32,388
THE PAST DECADE IMPROVING 

2850
02:05:32,388 --> 02:05:33,656
SAMPLES AND BLOOD BIOMARKERS.

2851
02:05:33,656 --> 02:05:35,825
YOU HEARD ABOUT METABOLOMICS AND

2852
02:05:35,825 --> 02:05:38,628
THE FANTASTIC POWER THAT IT CAN 

2853
02:05:38,628 --> 02:05:42,165
INFORM AND WE ARE ADDING OUR 

2854
02:05:42,165 --> 02:05:43,066
PARTNERS WITH THE PROTEOME.

2855
02:05:43,066 --> 02:05:45,101
I HOPE WE CAN TAKE THE LESSONS 

2856
02:05:45,101 --> 02:05:47,537
FROM THE ADNI AND LINKAGES TO 

2857
02:05:47,537 --> 02:05:50,006
THE MARKERS AND BE ABLE TO APPLY

2858
02:05:50,006 --> 02:05:52,742
TO THE FANTASTIC DIVERSE COHORT 

2859
02:05:52,742 --> 02:05:54,444
YOU ARE WORKING ON WITH THE 

2860
02:05:54,444 --> 02:05:55,211
FANTASTIC TEAM.

2861
02:05:55,211 --> 02:05:57,180
HOW CAN WE BRIDGE THIS KNOWLEDGE

2862
02:05:57,180 --> 02:05:59,883
SO WE CAN QUICKLY MOVE AND 

2863
02:05:59,883 --> 02:06:02,218
DEFINE WHAT IS DIFFERENT IN 

2864
02:06:02,218 --> 02:06:02,719
DIVERSE POPULATIONS.

2865
02:06:02,719 --> 02:06:04,687
>> THANKS, REMA.

2866
02:06:04,687 --> 02:06:06,456
>> IT'S A GOOD QUESTION.

2867
02:06:06,456 --> 02:06:14,163
THE KEY HERE IS THROUGH DATA 

2868
02:06:14,163 --> 02:06:17,033
SHARING AND ALL THE AND THERE'S 

2869
02:06:17,033 --> 02:06:19,369
FREE SHARING SOON IT'S 

2870
02:06:19,369 --> 02:06:19,769
GENERATED.

2871
02:06:19,769 --> 02:06:21,371
SO ALL THE THINGS CAN BE 

2872
02:06:21,371 --> 02:06:25,642
COMPARED TO DATA SETS SUCH AS 

2873
02:06:25,642 --> 02:06:26,709
ADNI OR EVEN OTHER CLINICAL 

2874
02:06:26,709 --> 02:06:29,078
TRIAL DATA SETS LIKE THE A4 JUST

2875
02:06:29,078 --> 02:06:29,646
RELEASED OR HEAD SCREENING 

2876
02:06:29,646 --> 02:06:31,180
SAMPLE.

2877
02:06:31,180 --> 02:06:33,349
>> WORKING ON
HARMONIZATION OF 

2878
02:06:33,349 --> 02:06:35,952
THE METABOLOMICS AND SURE OUR 

2879
02:06:35,952 --> 02:06:37,954
PARTNERS WITH PROTEOMICS IF 

2880
02:06:37,954 --> 02:06:40,023
WE'RE ABLE TO DO THIS WE CAN 

2881
02:06:40,023 --> 02:06:41,524
COMPARE AND CONNECT THE DATA 

2882
02:06:41,524 --> 02:06:41,724
SETS.

2883
02:06:41,724 --> 02:06:42,992
>> I AGREE.

2884
02:06:42,992 --> 02:06:43,493
>> SOUNDS GREAT.

2885
02:06:43,493 --> 02:06:45,962
PLEASE GO AHEAD.

2886
02:06:45,962 --> 02:06:49,098
>> HI.

2887
02:06:49,098 --> 02:06:50,533
IT'S A QUESTION FOR LEE.

2888
02:06:50,533 --> 02:06:56,272
I LIKE THE APPROACH OF USING 

2889
02:06:56,272 --> 02:06:57,340
OCULAR IMAGING TO DIAGNOSE.

2890
02:06:57,340 --> 02:06:59,842
I THINK IT'S FANTASTIC.

2891
02:06:59,842 --> 02:07:02,178
MORE PEOPLE GO REGULARLY THROUGH

2892
02:07:02,178 --> 02:07:05,181
THEIR LIFE TIME TO HAVE THESE 

2893
02:07:05,181 --> 02:07:06,716
TESTS.

2894
02:07:06,716 --> 02:07:09,619
I WANTED TO KNOW GIVEN THAT AN 

2895
02:07:09,619 --> 02:07:14,357
AMYLOID IS ASSOCIATED WITH AMD 

2896
02:07:14,357 --> 02:07:19,896
THAT RPE CELLS EXPRESS ALPHA B 

2897
02:07:19,896 --> 02:07:21,998
CYST TALIN.

2898
02:07:21,998 --> 02:07:24,834
IS THERE AN ASSOCIATION WITH AND

2899
02:07:24,834 --> 02:07:27,270
IN THE PATIENTS AND NUMBER 2, 

2900
02:07:27,270 --> 02:07:32,308
GIVEN THERE'S CLEAR GENETIC 

2901
02:07:32,308 --> 02:07:35,511
ANCESTRY ASSOCIATION WITH AMD 

2902
02:07:35,511 --> 02:07:36,980
INCIDENTS, ARE YOU SEEING THAT 

2903
02:07:36,980 --> 02:07:40,950
IN YOUR STUDIES?

2904
02:07:40,950 --> 02:07:41,451
HAVE YOU DONE A DIVERSE 

2905
02:07:41,451 --> 02:07:47,190
POPULATION STUDY?

2906
02:07:47,190 --> 02:07:47,657
>> YES.

2907
02:07:47,657 --> 02:07:50,093
THE SITUATION IN THE RETINA IS A

2908
02:07:50,093 --> 02:07:54,364
BIT MORE COMPLEX.

2909
02:07:54,364 --> 02:07:57,266
ACTUALLY DR. RISSMAN AND OTHERS 

2910
02:07:57,266 --> 02:08:00,503
HAVE DONE WORK IN THAT AS WELL.

2911
02:08:00,503 --> 02:08:03,039
IT'S A LITTLE BIT MORE COMPLEX.

2912
02:08:03,039 --> 02:08:05,908
AND IT'S NOT AT ALL AS CLEAR AS 

2913
02:08:05,908 --> 02:08:09,178
IT IS IN THE LENS, NO PUN 

2914
02:08:09,178 --> 02:08:11,647
INTENDED THERE WHERE IT'S VERY 

2915
02:08:11,647 --> 02:08:12,015
STRAIGHTFORWARD.

2916
02:08:12,015 --> 02:08:15,752
THERE'S AD ASSOCIATED AMYLOID 

2917
02:08:15,752 --> 02:08:18,721
DEVELOPMENT IN THE LENS WE 

2918
02:08:18,721 --> 02:08:20,289
WORKED OUT IN MOLECULAR 

2919
02:08:20,289 --> 02:08:23,226
PHENOTYPE AND WE'VE SEEN IT IN 

2920
02:08:23,226 --> 02:08:25,161
DOWN SYNDROME AND TRANSGENIC 

2921
02:08:25,161 --> 02:08:29,932
MICE AND IT'S AN A DIRECT AND 

2922
02:08:29,932 --> 02:08:30,366
EARLY MARKER.

2923
02:08:30,366 --> 02:08:33,002
IT'S NOT INFLUENCED BY OTHER 

2924
02:08:33,002 --> 02:08:34,370
COMPLICATIONS IN THE RETINA, FOR

2925
02:08:34,370 --> 02:08:35,204
EXAMPLE.

2926
02:08:35,204 --> 02:08:36,305
I THINK THERE'S STILL WORK TO BE

2927
02:08:36,305 --> 02:08:40,376
DONE AND OTHER COMPARTMENTS 

2928
02:08:40,376 --> 02:08:41,577
INCLUDE THE AQUEOUS AND 

2929
02:08:41,577 --> 02:08:43,212
COLLEAGUES HAVE SHOWN A BETA IN 

2930
02:08:43,212 --> 02:08:43,713
BOTH.

2931
02:08:43,713 --> 02:08:46,716
I THINK IT'S AN OPTICALLY 

2932
02:08:46,716 --> 02:08:48,084
ACCESSIBLE COMPARTMENT TO LOOK 

2933
02:08:48,084 --> 02:08:50,486
AT THE KINETICS AND DYNAMICS OF 

2934
02:08:50,486 --> 02:08:51,888
THE FRONT OF OF THE EYE THAT MAY

2935
02:08:51,888 --> 02:08:54,424
GIVE US SOME TOOLS NOT ONLY FOR 

2936
02:08:54,424 --> 02:08:55,625
DOING DISCRIMINATION FOR STUDIES

2937
02:08:55,625 --> 02:08:58,528
BUT ALSO LOOKING AT DYNAMICS 

2938
02:08:58,528 --> 02:09:06,235
WHERE WE DON'T HAVE TO DO LPs 

2939
02:09:06,235 --> 02:09:07,236
AND SUCH.

2940
02:09:07,236 --> 02:09:10,406
I THINK THERE'S WORK TO DO.

2941
02:09:10,406 --> 02:09:14,343
ROBERT I THINK YOU AGREE WITH 

2942
02:09:14,343 --> 02:09:14,844
THAT.

2943
02:09:14,844 --> 02:09:17,213
>> OKAY MAYBE YOU CAN
DISCUSS 

2944
02:09:17,213 --> 02:09:17,914
OFFLINE DURING THE BREAK.

2945
02:09:17,914 --> 02:09:20,650
THESE ARE GOING TO BE THE LAST 

2946
02:09:20,650 --> 02:09:22,618
TWO QUESTIONS SO WE'LL GET TO 

2947
02:09:22,618 --> 02:09:24,821
BOTH OF YOU, I HOPE IF THEY'RE 

2948
02:09:24,821 --> 02:09:25,621
QUICK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

2949
02:09:25,621 --> 02:09:27,390
ON MY RIGHT, PLEASE.

2950
02:09:27,390 --> 02:09:29,959
>> THANKS, DONNA.

2951
02:09:29,959 --> 02:09:32,028
I WAS ENCOURAGED BY YOUR 

2952
02:09:32,028 --> 02:09:34,697
STATEMENT ABOUT THE AVAILABILITY

2953
02:09:34,697 --> 02:09:37,233
OF DATA KNOW THAT PEOPLE CAN GO 

2954
02:09:37,233 --> 02:09:39,068
AND LOOK FOR REPRODUCIBILITY AND

2955
02:09:39,068 --> 02:09:40,136
FIND THEIR SIGNAL AND SEE 

2956
02:09:40,136 --> 02:09:42,705
WHETHER IT VALIDATES.

2957
02:09:42,705 --> 02:09:45,274
WITH MY PHILANTHROPY FUNDER HAT 

2958
02:09:45,274 --> 02:09:47,176
ON IT'S AN IMPORTANT PART OF 

2959
02:09:47,176 --> 02:09:47,844
CONFIRMING THE CONFIDENCE IN THE

2960
02:09:47,844 --> 02:09:50,079
SCIENCE AND RESEARCH THAT WE DO.

2961
02:09:50,079 --> 02:09:53,883
ON THE OTHER HAND IF I PUT MY 

2962
02:09:53,883 --> 02:09:57,253
RESEARCHER HAT ON, IT'S SO HARD 

2963
02:09:57,253 --> 02:09:59,122
TO FIND THE TIME TO ANALYZE YOUR

2964
02:09:59,122 --> 02:10:02,725
OWN DATA, GOSH, WHERE DO YOU 

2965
02:10:02,725 --> 02:10:06,262
FIND THAT TIME TO VALIDATE AND 

2966
02:10:06,262 --> 02:10:06,929
TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE WEALTH OF 

2967
02:10:06,929 --> 02:10:08,564
DATA OUT THERE AND IF YOU THINK 

2968
02:10:08,564 --> 02:10:11,033
OF WHAT JOURNALS AND FUNDERS DID

2969
02:10:11,033 --> 02:10:14,737
AND SUZANNA LOOKING AT YOU AS 

2970
02:10:14,737 --> 02:10:16,772
WELL FROM A POLICY POINT OF VIEW

2971
02:10:16,772 --> 02:10:18,341
OR CULTURE POINT OF VIEW THERE 

2972
02:10:18,341 --> 02:10:22,445
WAS A TIME WHEN SHARING WASN'T 

2973
02:10:22,445 --> 02:10:24,814
MANDATED BUT THEN IT BECAME THE 

2974
02:10:24,814 --> 02:10:25,248
NORM.

2975
02:10:25,248 --> 02:10:26,349
PEOPLE HAD TO DO IT AND FIGURE 

2976
02:10:26,349 --> 02:10:29,152
OUT A WAY TO DO IT TO GET THEIR 

2977
02:10:29,152 --> 02:10:31,354
GRANT AND THEIR PAPER AND THEN 

2978
02:10:31,354 --> 02:10:34,690
SIMILARLY TO DATA BEHIND THE 

2979
02:10:34,690 --> 02:10:36,092
FIGURE AND YOU WERE SAYING THE 

2980
02:10:36,092 --> 02:10:39,262
NICE PAPER YOU JUST HAD COMING 

2981
02:10:39,262 --> 02:10:45,201
OUT WITH THE TAU PET AND GWAS 

2982
02:10:45,201 --> 02:10:47,336
REQUIRES THE UNDERLYING DATA AND

2983
02:10:47,336 --> 02:10:48,504
NOBODY WAS DOING THAT IN 

2984
02:10:48,504 --> 02:10:49,639
GRADUATE SCHOOL AND TRAINING.

2985
02:10:49,639 --> 02:10:51,841
I'M WONDERING IS THERE A NEED 

2986
02:10:51,841 --> 02:10:53,142
FOR A PUSH HERE WHETHER IT'S 

2987
02:10:53,142 --> 02:10:57,313
FROM THE JOURNALS AND/OR THE 

2988
02:10:57,313 --> 02:10:58,281
FUNDERS TO SAY YOU NEED TO 

2989
02:10:58,281 --> 02:10:59,649
ACTUALLY GO AND LOOK AT THE DATA

2990
02:10:59,649 --> 02:11:02,418
THAT'S OUT THERE AND VALIDATE 

2991
02:11:02,418 --> 02:11:04,954
WHAT YOU FOUND IN AT LEAST TWO 

2992
02:11:04,954 --> 02:11:06,722
DIFFERENT DATA SETS BECAUSE 

2993
02:11:06,722 --> 02:11:09,325
GOSH, AS A WES LAB BIO CHEMIST 

2994
02:11:09,325 --> 02:11:12,128
WITHOUT A PUSH I PROBABLY WON'T 

2995
02:11:12,128 --> 02:11:13,262
DO THAT COMPUTATIONAL WORK 

2996
02:11:13,262 --> 02:11:15,598
BECAUSE IT'S NOT WHAT I'M GOOD 

2997
02:11:15,598 --> 02:11:15,765
AT.

2998
02:11:15,765 --> 02:11:17,200
>> I THINK IT'S JOURNAL TO

2999
02:11:17,200 --> 02:11:21,704
JOURNAL BUT AS EDITOR-IN-CHIEF 

3000
02:11:21,704 --> 02:11:26,709
ON ALZHEIMER'S AND DEMENTIA WHEN

3001
02:11:26,709 --> 02:11:30,713
WE GET BIOMEDICAL SUBMISSIONS WE

3002
02:11:30,713 --> 02:11:33,983
REQUIRE A VALIDATION COHORT IN 

3003
02:11:33,983 --> 02:11:35,318
ANY OF THE FLUID BIOMARKER WORK.

3004
02:11:35,318 --> 02:11:38,020
SO I KNOW IT'S GOING TO VARY 

3005
02:11:38,020 --> 02:11:39,822
JOURNAL TO JOURNAL BUT GENERALLY

3006
02:11:39,822 --> 02:11:42,725
WE LOOK FOR THAT AS A ROBUSTNESS

3007
02:11:42,725 --> 02:11:44,393
OF THE SCIENCE.

3008
02:11:44,393 --> 02:11:48,331
>> YEAH, I WOULD JUST SAY 

3009
02:11:48,331 --> 02:11:49,832
THERE'S CHALLENGES ON THE 

3010
02:11:49,832 --> 02:11:53,302
DIGITAL FRONT BECAUSE MANY OF 

3011
02:11:53,302 --> 02:11:56,639
THE PLATFORM CAN'T ACCEPT THE 

3012
02:11:56,639 --> 02:11:58,174
DIGITAL DATA STREAM TO CONNECT 

3013
02:11:58,174 --> 02:11:59,008
WITH THE CLINICAL DATA.

3014
02:11:59,008 --> 02:12:01,611
ONE, WE HAVE TO SOLVE THAT AND 

3015
02:12:01,611 --> 02:12:03,512
FIGURE OUT THE INTEROPERABILITY 

3016
02:12:03,512 --> 02:12:04,981
BETWEEN PLATFORMS TO BRING IT 

3017
02:12:04,981 --> 02:12:06,549
BECAUSE WE DON'T HAVE AS MUCH AS

3018
02:12:06,549 --> 02:12:11,120
DATA YET ON THE DIGITAL FRONT.

3019
02:12:11,120 --> 02:12:13,122
SO WE'RE SORT OF A LITTLE BIT 

3020
02:12:13,122 --> 02:12:14,357
FURTHER BEHIND IN TERMS OF BEING

3021
02:12:14,357 --> 02:12:18,694
ABLE TO PUSH THIS FORWARD.

3022
02:12:18,694 --> 02:12:19,929
>> THANKS, RHODA.

3023
02:12:19,929 --> 02:12:21,897
I THINK WE CAN DISCUSS THIS ALL 

3024
02:12:21,897 --> 02:12:25,301
DAY BUT I ACTUALLY THINK A.I. 

3025
02:12:25,301 --> 02:12:29,372
MAY HAVE A PLACE IN HELPING US 

3026
02:12:29,372 --> 02:12:34,710
DO THESE RAPID VALIDATION AND 

3027
02:12:34,710 --> 02:12:37,546
EXISTING DATA SETS AND TAKE AWAY

3028
02:12:37,546 --> 02:12:38,581
SOME BURDEN ON THE INDIVIDUAL 

3029
02:12:38,581 --> 02:12:39,215
SCIENTISTS BUT THAT MAY BE IN 

3030
02:12:39,215 --> 02:12:42,518
THE FUTURE.

3031
02:12:42,518 --> 02:12:45,054
>> SO WE ACTUALLY HAVE TWO

3032
02:12:45,054 --> 02:12:46,255
QUESTIONS FROM ONLINE 

3033
02:12:46,255 --> 02:12:48,391
PARTICIPANTS AND I'M HAPPY TO 

3034
02:12:48,391 --> 02:12:50,293
LEAVE THEM AS FOOD FOR THOUGHT 

3035
02:12:50,293 --> 02:12:53,029
IF THERE ISN'T TIME TO ADDRESS 

3036
02:12:53,029 --> 02:12:53,229
BOTH.

3037
02:12:53,229 --> 02:12:56,232
ONE QUESTION IS HOW LONG CAN A 

3038
02:12:56,232 --> 02:12:59,635
SAMPLE BE STORED AT MINUS 80 

3039
02:12:59,635 --> 02:13:02,004
DEGREES CELSIUS FOR THE 

3040
02:13:02,004 --> 02:13:02,705
ASSESSMENT AND THE OTHER 

3041
02:13:02,705 --> 02:13:04,640
QUESTION IS SEVERAL OF THE 

3042
02:13:04,640 --> 02:13:06,208
PRESENTATIONS FOCUSSED 

3043
02:13:06,208 --> 02:13:08,611
SPECIFICALLY ON AD OR VASCULAR.

3044
02:13:08,611 --> 02:13:09,812
HOW DO WE LEVERAGE THIS EXCITING

3045
02:13:09,812 --> 02:13:11,747
WORK IN THINKING ABOUT THE 

3046
02:13:11,747 --> 02:13:14,050
REALITY WHICH IS PRESENTED AT 

3047
02:13:14,050 --> 02:13:17,386
THE BEGINNING FROM PATRICIA 

3048
02:13:17,386 --> 02:13:19,655
BOYLE'S WORK SHOWING MOST OLDER 

3049
02:13:19,655 --> 02:13:21,857
ADULTS AT AUTOPSY HAVE MULTIPLE 

3050
02:13:21,857 --> 02:13:22,458
PATHOLOGIES AND IN DIFFERENT 

3051
02:13:22,458 --> 02:13:25,361
COMBINATIONS?

3052
02:13:25,361 --> 02:13:28,264
>> I'LL SPEAK TO THE
SECOND 

3053
02:13:28,264 --> 02:13:29,832
QUESTION REAL QUICK BECAUSE I 

3054
02:13:29,832 --> 02:13:30,966
ORIGINALLY THOUGHT I HAD MORE 

3055
02:13:30,966 --> 02:13:33,369
THAN FIVE MINUTES SO THE SLIDES 

3056
02:13:33,369 --> 02:13:38,974
I WENT WERE COVERING BIOMARKERS.

3057
02:13:38,974 --> 02:13:40,509
I THINK THERE'S INCREDIBLE 

3058
02:13:40,509 --> 02:13:42,678
PROGRESS BEING MADE ON 

3059
02:13:42,678 --> 02:13:46,482
IDENTIFICATION OF BIOMARKERS FOR

3060
02:13:46,482 --> 02:13:46,716
TDP43.

3061
02:13:46,716 --> 02:13:49,852
WE DO HAVE THE ALPHASIN IT'S A 

3062
02:13:49,852 --> 02:13:54,156
YES OR NO ANSWER.

3063
02:13:54,156 --> 02:13:58,227
IT'S NOT QUANTIFIABLE AND 

3064
02:13:58,227 --> 02:14:01,564
DOESN'T GIVE REGIONAL 

3065
02:14:01,564 --> 02:14:02,398
INFORMATION BUT AT LEAST 

3066
02:14:02,398 --> 02:14:02,665
PROGRESS.

3067
02:14:02,665 --> 02:14:05,368
THERE'S NOVEL APPROACHES FOR 

3068
02:14:05,368 --> 02:14:10,973
TDP43 ONE OF WHICH IS LOOKING AT

3069
02:14:10,973 --> 02:14:13,008
CRYPTIC PEPTIDES PRODUCED 

3070
02:14:13,008 --> 02:14:15,978
BECAUSE THE TDP IS NOW 

3071
02:14:15,978 --> 02:14:17,246
DYSFUNCTIONAL IN THE BRAIN.

3072
02:14:17,246 --> 02:14:20,416
YOU GET PEPTIDE CAN BE MEASURED 

3073
02:14:20,416 --> 02:14:23,018
IN CSF AND PLASMA.

3074
02:14:23,018 --> 02:14:24,754
THAT'S AN INTERESTING BIOMARKER 

3075
02:14:24,754 --> 02:14:25,121
APPROACH.

3076
02:14:25,121 --> 02:14:27,123
THERE'S GOING TO BE MANY OTHERS.

3077
02:14:27,123 --> 02:14:30,025
I WOULD SAY THERE'S INCREDIBLE 

3078
02:14:30,025 --> 02:14:31,026
PROGRESS BEING MADE ON THESE AND

3079
02:14:31,026 --> 02:14:33,963
IF WE'RE GOING TO GET TO A 

3080
02:14:33,963 --> 02:14:35,264
PRECISION MEDICINE PLACE WE'RE 

3081
02:14:35,264 --> 02:14:36,499
GOING TO NEED BIOMARKERS FOR ALL

3082
02:14:36,499 --> 02:14:41,537
OF THESE DIFFERENT PATHOLOGIES 

3083
02:14:41,537 --> 02:14:44,306
SO THAT WE CAN CONSIDER WHAT THE

3084
02:14:44,306 --> 02:14:46,008
RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION OF EACH OF

3085
02:14:46,008 --> 02:14:48,611
THOSE ARE TO THE OVER ALL 

3086
02:14:48,611 --> 02:14:50,513
COGNITIVE CLINICAL PRESENTATION 

3087
02:14:50,513 --> 02:15:00,122
OF THE PATIENTS.

3088
02:15:00,122 --> 02:15:01,056
>> SOMETHING ABOUT THE
SECOND 

3089
02:15:01,056 --> 02:15:01,857
QUESTION IT'S MORE COMPLICATED 

3090
02:15:01,857 --> 02:15:05,261
THAN THAT BECAUSE IF YOU LOOK AT

3091
02:15:05,261 --> 02:15:07,296
THE DIFFERENT BRAIN REGIONS 

3092
02:15:07,296 --> 02:15:10,166
YOU'LL SEE HETEROGENEITY IN THE 

3093
02:15:10,166 --> 02:15:11,367
SAME PERSON ABOUT THE AMOUNT AND

3094
02:15:11,367 --> 02:15:14,703
TYPE OF PATHOLOGIES.

3095
02:15:14,703 --> 02:15:21,544
THOUGH IT CONTINUES TO BE THE 

3096
02:15:21,544 --> 02:15:22,711
DEFINITIVE DIAGNOSES FOR THE 

3097
02:15:22,711 --> 02:15:25,314
DISORDERS MAYBE THERE'S A SECOND

3098
02:15:25,314 --> 02:15:26,715
LAYER BECAUSE THE SECOND 

3099
02:15:26,715 --> 02:15:28,784
PATHOLOGY COULD BE ARRIVED UPON 

3100
02:15:28,784 --> 02:15:33,589
BY DIFFERENT MOLECULAR PATHWAYS.

3101
02:15:33,589 --> 02:15:34,690
UNDER CLEAR AD WE'LL LOOK AT 

3102
02:15:34,690 --> 02:15:39,962
COHORTS IN WHICH WE HAVE BOTH 

3103
02:15:39,962 --> 02:15:45,034
AUTOPSY MATERIAL AND 

3104
02:15:45,034 --> 02:15:46,735
ANTI-MORTEM, LONGITUDINALLY 

3105
02:15:46,735 --> 02:15:48,103
COLLECTED PERIPHERAL BLOOD AND 

3106
02:15:48,103 --> 02:15:50,706
WE'LL BE ABLE TO CONNECT THE 

3107
02:15:50,706 --> 02:15:52,041
MOLECULAR PATHWAYS WHICH IS 

3108
02:15:52,041 --> 02:15:52,875
GOING TO BE ESSENTIAL AND FOR 

3109
02:15:52,875 --> 02:15:58,714
THE DONORS IN SEVEN BRAIN 

3110
02:15:58,714 --> 02:15:58,981
REGIONS.

3111
02:15:58,981 --> 02:16:00,916
COMPARISON FROM DONOR TO DONOR 

3112
02:16:00,916 --> 02:16:03,252
AND FROM EACH WITH A DIFFERENT 

3113
02:16:03,252 --> 02:16:03,519
REGION.

3114
02:16:03,519 --> 02:16:05,354
AS TO THE MINUS 80 QUESTION IT 

3115
02:16:05,354 --> 02:16:07,723
DEPENDS ON WHAT YOU'RE 

3116
02:16:07,723 --> 02:16:09,358
MEASURING, HOW YOU'RE MEASURING 

3117
02:16:09,358 --> 02:16:10,359
AND ALL OF THAT.

3118
02:16:10,359 --> 02:16:12,862
I THINK SOMETHING THAT WE NEED 

3119
02:16:12,862 --> 02:16:20,436
TO BE THINKING VERY  CAREFULLY 

3120
02:16:20,436 --> 02:16:23,172
ABOUT WAS WHAT MATHIAS MENTIONED

3121
02:16:23,172 --> 02:16:27,576
IT COMES BEFORE THE INNOVATIVE 

3122
02:16:27,576 --> 02:16:29,211
QUESTIONS OF THE DATA AND HOW DO

3123
02:16:29,211 --> 02:16:32,548
WE GET AND STORE THE SAMPLES.

3124
02:16:32,548 --> 02:16:33,682
WE NEED TO PAY CAREFUL ATTENTION

3125
02:16:33,682 --> 02:16:35,351
TO THE STANDARD OPERATING 

3126
02:16:35,351 --> 02:16:36,018
PROCEDURES.

3127
02:16:36,018 --> 02:16:37,453
THEY MAY NOT BE GLORIOUS BUT 

3128
02:16:37,453 --> 02:16:40,055
THEY'RE ESSENTIAL FOR US TO BE 

3129
02:16:40,055 --> 02:16:41,357
ABLE TO GET USABLE DATA.

3130
02:16:41,357 --> 02:16:43,926
WE NEED TO MAKE THESE BROADLY 

3131
02:16:43,926 --> 02:16:44,793
AVAILABLE.

3132
02:16:44,793 --> 02:16:46,862
WE NEED TO MAKE AVAILABLE OUR 

3133
02:16:46,862 --> 02:16:51,033
METADATA OF HOW WE COLLECTED THE

3134
02:16:51,033 --> 02:16:52,768
SAMPLES AND HOW WE PROCESS THEM 

3135
02:16:52,768 --> 02:16:55,671
AND THEN HOW WE ANALYZE THEM.

3136
02:16:55,671 --> 02:16:58,574
WE NEED TO CAREFULLY THINK ABOUT

3137
02:16:58,574 --> 02:17:01,210
THE VARIABLES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO

3138
02:17:01,210 --> 02:17:03,679
THE VARIABILITY OF THE SIGNAL 

3139
02:17:03,679 --> 02:17:05,748
WE'RE GETTING, TAKE THAT INTO 

3140
02:17:05,748 --> 02:17:07,349
ACCOUNT BEFORE WE DO ALL SORTS 

3141
02:17:07,349 --> 02:17:10,185
OF COMPARISONS.

3142
02:17:10,185 --> 02:17:12,655
NOT A DEFINITIVE ANSWER OF DON'T

3143
02:17:12,655 --> 02:17:14,456
USE ANYTHING BEYOND THIS MANY 

3144
02:17:14,456 --> 02:17:15,758
YEARS BECAUSE IT'S VARIABLE AND 

3145
02:17:15,758 --> 02:17:18,694
YOU NEED TO DETECT THE EXTENT OF

3146
02:17:18,694 --> 02:17:19,228
VARIABILITY.

3147
02:17:19,228 --> 02:17:22,097
>> I'M GOING TO GIVE ERIN
10 

3148
02:17:22,097 --> 02:17:24,366
SECONDS AND RHODA 10 SECONDS AND

3149
02:17:24,366 --> 02:17:26,268
THEN WE'RE WRAPPING UP SO WE GET

3150
02:17:26,268 --> 02:17:28,337
A BREAK.

3151
02:17:28,337 --> 02:17:32,341
>> I COMPLETELY AGREE.

3152
02:17:32,341 --> 02:17:34,710
I ENCOURAGE THE PERSON ASKING TO

3153
02:17:34,710 --> 02:17:36,645
REACH OUT TO THE ASSAY PLATFORM 

3154
02:17:36,645 --> 02:17:37,279
PROVIDER.

3155
02:17:37,279 --> 02:17:39,548
THEY SHOULD HAVE THAT DATA 

3156
02:17:39,548 --> 02:17:39,815
AVAILABLE.

3157
02:17:39,815 --> 02:17:44,987
IT'S PART OF THE ANALYTICAL V

3158
02:17:44,987 --> 02:17:45,621
VALIDA

3159
02:17:45,621 --> 02:17:45,921
VALIDATION.

3160
02:17:45,921 --> 02:17:49,091
>> ON THE DIGITAL FRONT,
DIGITAL

3161
02:17:49,091 --> 02:17:49,892
IS THE NEW BLOOD.

3162
02:17:49,892 --> 02:17:51,427
YOU'LL BE ABLE TO TAKE THE 

3163
02:17:51,427 --> 02:17:54,897
DIGITAL DATA AND BE ABLE TO 

3164
02:17:54,897 --> 02:17:57,800
RE-ANALYZE IT MANY DIFFERENT 

3165
02:17:57,800 --> 02:17:58,767
WAYS IN ORDER TO DEVELOP THESE 

3166
02:17:58,767 --> 02:18:02,037
BIOMARKERS OF INTEREST.

3167
02:18:02,037 --> 02:18:03,439
>> OKAY.

3168
02:18:03,439 --> 02:18:06,442
WITH THAT WE'LL CLOSE THE 

3169
02:18:06,442 --> 02:18:08,978
SESSION AND RECONVENE AT 11:00.

3170
02:18:08,978 --> 02:18:09,678
IS THAT RIGHT?

3171
02:18:09,678 --> 02:18:10,713
SO 11:00.

3172
02:18:10,713 --> 02:18:11,213
THANK YOU SO MUCH.

3173
02:18:11,213 --> 02:18:11,313
 

3174
02:18:23,593 --> 02:18:25,194
>> WE'VE SEEN BRILLIANT 

3175
02:18:25,194 --> 02:18:26,996
ENGINEERING TO REMOVE AND 

3176
02:18:26,996 --> 02:18:27,830
CONNECT PARTS AND IN THIS 

3177
02:18:27,830 --> 02:18:30,600
SESSION I HOPE WE CAN BRING THE 

3178
02:18:30,600 --> 02:18:32,368
POWER OF THIS BIG DATA AND THE 

3179
02:18:32,368 --> 02:18:35,004
DEVELOPMENTS THAT CAME OUT OF 

3180
02:18:35,004 --> 02:18:45,548
OPEN SCIENCE TO EVEN ACCELERATE 

3181
02:18:48,418 --> 02:18:51,087
DUE TO OPEN SCIENCE WE'VE SEEN 

3182
02:18:51,087 --> 02:18:52,755
REPOSITORIES OF BIG DATA 

3183
02:18:52,755 --> 02:18:56,726
GENERATED WITH SIGNIFICANT 

3184
02:18:56,726 --> 02:19:00,897
FUNDING, OMICS DATA I COPY FROM 

3185
02:19:00,897 --> 02:19:06,335
THE SLIDE AND WE ARE GOING TO 

3186
02:19:06,335 --> 02:19:10,406
TALK ABOUT WHAT WE LEARNED AND 

3187
02:19:10,406 --> 02:19:12,708
HOW DID WE SHARE AND WHAT ARE 

3188
02:19:12,708 --> 02:19:14,710
LIMITATIONS WE ENCOUNTERED AND 

3189
02:19:14,710 --> 02:19:17,513
WHAT CAN BE DONE BETTER.

3190
02:19:17,513 --> 02:19:19,048
WE'LL HEAR FROM A SERIES OF 

3191
02:19:19,048 --> 02:19:20,316
SPEAKERS ON THE ADVANTAGES AND 

3192
02:19:20,316 --> 02:19:21,851
LIMITATIONS THAT REMAIN FROM THE

3193
02:19:21,851 --> 02:19:23,386
INITIAL SERIES OF REPOSITORIES 

3194
02:19:23,386 --> 02:19:26,489
THAT HAVE BEEN PUT TOGETHER THAT

3195
02:19:26,489 --> 02:19:29,058
ENABLE SHARING OF BIG DATA AND 

3196
02:19:29,058 --> 02:19:30,893
CERTAINLY RESULTED IN MAJOR NEW 

3197
02:19:30,893 --> 02:19:31,627
INSIGHTS.

3198
02:19:31,627 --> 02:19:33,830
AS WE LOOK FORWARD WE ALREADY 

3199
02:19:33,830 --> 02:19:35,164
HEARD FROM THE SESSION 

3200
02:19:35,164 --> 02:19:36,732
PROCEEDING THIS AND THROUGHOUT 

3201
02:19:36,732 --> 02:19:38,634
THE PAST TWO DAYS THE DATA THAT 

3202
02:19:38,634 --> 02:19:41,070
WE ENVISION THAT IS GOING TO 

3203
02:19:41,070 --> 02:19:44,106
COME NEXT IS A WHOLE AREA OF 

3204
02:19:44,106 --> 02:19:48,511
DATA FROM CHEMICAL EXPOSURES, 

3205
02:19:48,511 --> 02:19:52,748
DATABASES ON PHOTOMICS AND 

3206
02:19:52,748 --> 02:19:54,650
THINGS WE INGEST  AND THINGS WE 

3207
02:19:54,650 --> 02:19:59,689
TAKE AND ASSOCO -- SOCIO 

3208
02:19:59,689 --> 02:20:01,757
ECONOMIC AND SLEEP PATTERNS AN 

3209
02:20:01,757 --> 02:20:04,727
MOVE FROM STATIC DATA THAT IS 

3210
02:20:04,727 --> 02:20:06,062
MORE DYNAMIC AND TRULY 

3211
02:20:06,062 --> 02:20:08,898
REPRESENTATIVE ON OUR METABOLIC 

3212
02:20:08,898 --> 02:20:10,066
HEALTH AND I'M A BIG ADVOCATE 

3213
02:20:10,066 --> 02:20:14,604
FOR METABOLOMICS BECAUSE WE LEAD

3214
02:20:14,604 --> 02:20:15,505
A METABOLOMICS CONSORTIUM AND 

3215
02:20:15,505 --> 02:20:17,273
IT'S DYNAMIC AND CAPTURES 

3216
02:20:17,273 --> 02:20:19,041
INFLUENCES ON HEALTH IN REAL 

3217
02:20:19,041 --> 02:20:19,342
TIME.

3218
02:20:19,342 --> 02:20:22,612
THE ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS, 

3219
02:20:22,612 --> 02:20:24,747
THE DIGITAL RECORDINGS AND POWER

3220
02:20:24,747 --> 02:20:27,717
OF CONNECTING OUR SENSORS WHEN 

3221
02:20:27,717 --> 02:20:29,385
OF US HAVE INCLUDING MYSELF.

3222
02:20:29,385 --> 02:20:30,353
I MONITOR A LOT OF THINGS ABOUT 

3223
02:20:30,353 --> 02:20:32,755
MY HEALTH, CONNECTING ALL THIS 

3224
02:20:32,755 --> 02:20:34,991
WITH MY METABOLOMIC PROFILE 

3225
02:20:34,991 --> 02:20:36,392
TAUGHT ME PERSONALLY HOW TO LIVE

3226
02:20:36,392 --> 02:20:37,994
AND EAT BETTER.

3227
02:20:37,994 --> 02:20:39,595
I HOPE THIS WILL OVERCOME MY 

3228
02:20:39,595 --> 02:20:41,364
GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITIES.

3229
02:20:41,364 --> 02:20:43,366
WE'LL SEE A WHOLE AREA OF NEW 

3230
02:20:43,366 --> 02:20:44,367
DATA COMING IN.

3231
02:20:44,367 --> 02:20:49,338
DRUGS RESPONSE AND VARIATIONS OF

3232
02:20:49,338 --> 02:20:51,007
RESPONSE, CLINICAL TRIALS THAT 

3233
02:20:51,007 --> 02:20:52,408
FAILED OR SUCCEEDED AND DRUGS ON

3234
02:20:52,408 --> 02:20:55,211
THE MARKET, WHO IS ON IT?

3235
02:20:55,211 --> 02:20:57,179
HOW ARE THEY DOING?

3236
02:20:57,179 --> 02:21:00,216
WE'LL HEAR ABOUT THIS AS PART OF

3237
02:21:00,216 --> 02:21:02,351
THE FUTURE AND MOVING FORWARD 

3238
02:21:02,351 --> 02:21:03,686
AND THINKING GLOBALLY IT'S 

3239
02:21:03,686 --> 02:21:05,388
CRITICAL NO MATTER HOW BIG DATA 

3240
02:21:05,388 --> 02:21:07,323
WE PRODUCE THE POWER OF 

3241
02:21:07,323 --> 02:21:10,026
CONNECTING ALL OF US AND OUR 

3242
02:21:10,026 --> 02:21:10,893
DATA SETS IS POWERFUL.

3243
02:21:10,893 --> 02:21:12,695
AS WE LOOK FORWARD, PART OF THE 

3244
02:21:12,695 --> 02:21:15,164
THINGS WE WANT TO DISCUSSION IN 

3245
02:21:15,164 --> 02:21:16,732
THE SESSION ARE WE READY TO 

3246
02:21:16,732 --> 02:21:18,868
THINK ABOUT DATA THAT DOESN'T 

3247
02:21:18,868 --> 02:21:19,235
MOVE?

3248
02:21:19,235 --> 02:21:20,303
DATA THAT IS STATIONARY AND 

3249
02:21:20,303 --> 02:21:23,005
WHERE WE CAN VISIT THE DATA, DO 

3250
02:21:23,005 --> 02:21:26,342
WHAT WE NEED TO DO IN THE CLOUD 

3251
02:21:26,342 --> 02:21:28,544
AND ALL OF OUR COMPUTATIONS.

3252
02:21:28,544 --> 02:21:30,212
IS THIS THE RIGHT THING TO DO 

3253
02:21:30,212 --> 02:21:31,681
MOVING FORWARD.

3254
02:21:31,681 --> 02:21:34,584
OUR EXPERTS WILL TACKLE THIS AND

3255
02:21:34,584 --> 02:21:36,285
WE HAVE TO ADOPT WHAT WAS 

3256
02:21:36,285 --> 02:21:38,254
INITIALLY PIONEERED AND 

3257
02:21:38,254 --> 02:21:39,989
INNOVATED BY THE DUTCH.

3258
02:21:39,989 --> 02:21:40,957
WE WORKED CLOSELY WITH THE DUTCH

3259
02:21:40,957 --> 02:21:44,760
ON TE  THE DATA AND THE CONCEPT 

3260
02:21:44,760 --> 02:21:47,630
OF THE DIGITAL TWINNING TO 

3261
02:21:47,630 --> 02:21:49,332
PARTICIPATE AND SHARE THE DATA 

3262
02:21:49,332 --> 02:21:55,204
THEY WANT AND THE ISSUE OF 

3263
02:21:55,204 --> 02:21:56,072
EMPOWERING INDIVIDUALS.

3264
02:21:56,072 --> 02:21:58,207
AND WE INTO HE HAD TO GIVE MORE 

3265
02:21:58,207 --> 02:22:01,944
POWER TO THE INDIVIDUALS IN 

3266
02:22:01,944 --> 02:22:02,812
CONTROLLING THEIR DATA WITHOUT 

3267
02:22:02,812 --> 02:22:04,347
DISRUPTING ANALYSES WE WANT TO 

3268
02:22:04,347 --> 02:22:04,513
DO.

3269
02:22:04,513 --> 02:22:05,414
THE CLOUD COMPUTING AND 

3270
02:22:05,414 --> 02:22:07,183
RESOURCES NEEDED.

3271
02:22:07,183 --> 02:22:09,952
WHO IS LIKE ME WAS AN ISSUE 

3272
02:22:09,952 --> 02:22:11,020
BROUGHT UP BY THE ADVOCACY 

3273
02:22:11,020 --> 02:22:11,253
GROUPS.

3274
02:22:11,253 --> 02:22:12,655
WE BELIEVE IN IT.

3275
02:22:12,655 --> 02:22:13,322
WE WORK ON IT.

3276
02:22:13,322 --> 02:22:15,057
WE WANT TO BE ABLE TO CONNECT, 

3277
02:22:15,057 --> 02:22:18,861
INFORM THE PATIENTS THROUGH THIS

3278
02:22:18,861 --> 02:22:21,464
BIG DATA AND WHO MIGHT RESPOND 

3279
02:22:21,464 --> 02:22:25,067
LIKE THEM IS KEY.

3280
02:22:25,067 --> 02:22:27,069
INTEROPERABILITY BETWEEN THE 

3281
02:22:27,069 --> 02:22:28,304
MEGA PLATFORMS ARE IMPORTANT.

3282
02:22:28,304 --> 02:22:29,038
SUSTAINABILITY OF THE RESOURCES 

3283
02:22:29,038 --> 02:22:30,306
AND WHAT IT TAKES TO SUSTAIN 

3284
02:22:30,306 --> 02:22:35,077
THEM IS A TOPIC OF DISCUSSION.

3285
02:22:35,077 --> 02:22:36,746
ENFORCING STANDARDS DOESN'T 

3286
02:22:36,746 --> 02:22:37,213
WORK.

3287
02:22:37,213 --> 02:22:38,481
WE CANNOT FORCE SPEAKERS TO 

3288
02:22:38,481 --> 02:22:39,682
FOLLOW STANDARDS.

3289
02:22:39,682 --> 02:22:41,450
THE NEXT BEST THING IS TO COME 

3290
02:22:41,450 --> 02:22:43,386
UP WITH DATA HARMONIZATION 

3291
02:22:43,386 --> 02:22:45,454
APPROACHES FOR ALL THE DATA WE 

3292
02:22:45,454 --> 02:22:47,523
GENERATE INCLUDING OUR 

3293
02:22:47,523 --> 02:22:49,425
METABOLOMICS AND OTHER OMICS IS 

3294
02:22:49,425 --> 02:22:52,728
SOMETHING WE ARE WORKING ON SO 

3295
02:22:52,728 --> 02:22:55,031
THIS TOPIC IS KEY THE DYNAMIC 

3296
02:22:55,031 --> 02:22:57,400
DATA WE TALKED ABOUT IT GLOBAL 

3297
02:22:57,400 --> 02:23:00,770
AND MOVING BOUNDARIES SO WE CAN 

3298
02:23:00,770 --> 02:23:02,838
ACCELERATE AND REAL LIFE DATA OF

3299
02:23:02,838 --> 02:23:04,240
COURSE IS CENTRAL BUT MOVING 

3300
02:23:04,240 --> 02:23:06,709
FORWARD WHAT I HAVE SEEN IN THE 

3301
02:23:06,709 --> 02:23:09,445
SUMMIT AND WHAT I HAVE SEEN AS 

3302
02:23:09,445 --> 02:23:10,579
BRILLIANT ENGINEERING THROUGH 

3303
02:23:10,579 --> 02:23:14,450
THE PAST DECADE BY WORK WITH NIA

3304
02:23:14,450 --> 02:23:17,520
AND BEING FUNDED THROUGH LARGE 

3305
02:23:17,520 --> 02:23:21,957
INITIATIVES WE ARE MOVING 

3306
02:23:21,957 --> 02:23:22,258
BOUNDARIES.

3307
02:23:22,258 --> 02:23:26,462
ALZHEIMER'S ALL OF A SUDDEN IS 

3308
02:23:26,462 --> 02:23:28,531
DEPRESSION AND PARKINSON'S AND 

3309
02:23:28,531 --> 02:23:33,436
THE MORE WE LOOK AT BIG DATA 

3310
02:23:33,436 --> 02:23:35,304
MORE COMMON AND HAVING INSTITUTE

3311
02:23:35,304 --> 02:23:36,739
SUPPORT THIS OR NOT IS PERHAPS 

3312
02:23:36,739 --> 02:23:38,874
NOT OPTIMAL.

3313
02:23:38,874 --> 02:23:41,477
THERE'S A LOT OF COMMON AND 

3314
02:23:41,477 --> 02:23:44,747
LEARN FROM THE EXPERIENCES, 

3315
02:23:44,747 --> 02:23:46,282
CONNECT DATA AND RESEARCH 

3316
02:23:46,282 --> 02:23:47,616
COMMUNITIES, WORK AS 

3317
02:23:47,616 --> 02:23:48,150
COMMUNITIES.

3318
02:23:48,150 --> 02:23:49,985
IT'S A NEW PARADIGM OF DOING 

3319
02:23:49,985 --> 02:23:51,821
RESEARCH THAT HAS TRANSFORMED 

3320
02:23:51,821 --> 02:23:54,123
AND WE'RE THOUGHT GOING TO GO 

3321
02:23:54,123 --> 02:23:54,490
BACK.

3322
02:23:54,490 --> 02:23:56,292
I THINK IT ALREADY WE HAVE MOVED

3323
02:23:56,292 --> 02:24:00,262
FORWARD AND IT'S NO WAY BACK 

3324
02:24:00,262 --> 02:24:00,730
INDEED.

3325
02:24:00,730 --> 02:24:02,631
CONNECTING GLOBALLY AND THEN 

3326
02:24:02,631 --> 02:24:03,733
FROM DATA TO KNOWLEDGE.

3327
02:24:03,733 --> 02:24:05,301
WE GATHER BIG DATA AT THE END OF

3328
02:24:05,301 --> 02:24:06,368
THE DAY.

3329
02:24:06,368 --> 02:24:09,171
IF WE CANNOT TRANSLATE THIS TO ,

3330
02:24:09,171 --> 02:24:09,972
INFORM EACH INDIVIDUAL ABOUT 

3331
02:24:09,972 --> 02:24:12,208
THEIR HEALTH, THEIR TRAJECTORY 

3332
02:24:12,208 --> 02:24:13,909
FOR DISEASE WE HAVEN'T REALLY 

3333
02:24:13,909 --> 02:24:17,012
DONE WHAT WE'RE SUPPOSED TO DO.

3334
02:24:17,012 --> 02:24:19,315
AND HOW WE MOVE FROM BIG DATA TO

3335
02:24:19,315 --> 02:24:19,582
KNOWLEDGE.

3336
02:24:19,582 --> 02:24:24,754
WITH THIS I'M GOING TO MOVE ON 

3337
02:24:24,754 --> 02:24:28,290
TO THE FIRST SPEAKER, DR. METTE 

3338
02:24:28,290 --> 02:24:28,924
PETERS FROM HIRN AND PRIOR WAS 

3339
02:24:28,924 --> 02:24:32,828
AT SABLING AND ENABLED ALL OF US

3340
02:24:32,828 --> 02:24:43,172
THROUGH MANY YEARS.

3341
02:24:52,148 --> 02:24:54,016
>> WE HAVE DATA ENABLEMENT
WHEN 

3342
02:24:54,016 --> 02:24:55,885
IT COMES TO INFRASTRUCTURE AND 

3343
02:24:55,885 --> 02:24:57,052
INTRAOPERABILITY AND HOW TO 

3344
02:24:57,052 --> 02:24:58,254
IMPROVE THE USE OF DATA ACROSS 

3345
02:24:58,254 --> 02:25:02,258
ALL THESE DATA RESOURCES.

3346
02:25:02,258 --> 02:25:05,694
NOW, THE NIA IS SUPPORTING A 

3347
02:25:05,694 --> 02:25:06,762
WHOLE VARIETY OF DIFFERENT 

3348
02:25:06,762 --> 02:25:09,431
RESEARCH DATA THAT IS BROADLY 

3349
02:25:09,431 --> 02:25:11,667
AVAILABLE TO THE COMMUNITY.

3350
02:25:11,667 --> 02:25:13,369
THIS IS CLEARLY NOT LIMITED TO 

3351
02:25:13,369 --> 02:25:15,471
WHAT I HAVE ON THE SLIDE AS YOU 

3352
02:25:15,471 --> 02:25:17,139
HEARD OVER THE PAST COUPLE OF 

3353
02:25:17,139 --> 02:25:17,540
DAYS.

3354
02:25:17,540 --> 02:25:20,776
THERE'S MANY MANY OTHER DATA 

3355
02:25:20,776 --> 02:25:23,045
RESOURCES OUT THERE.

3356
02:25:23,045 --> 02:25:28,350
THIS VARES FROM MOUSE AND ANIMAL

3357
02:25:28,350 --> 02:25:28,584
MODELS.

3358
02:25:28,584 --> 02:25:31,453
IT'S ABOUT THE AVAILABILITY OF 

3359
02:25:31,453 --> 02:25:33,155
IN TISSUE RESOURCES AND CELL 

3360
02:25:33,155 --> 02:25:37,560
LINES AND CELL TYPE SUCH AS 

3361
02:25:37,560 --> 02:25:39,461
IPSCs.

3362
02:25:39,461 --> 02:25:49,205
IT'S DATA FROM LARGE STUDIES AN 

3363
02:25:49,205 --> 02:25:52,942
SUPPORTING THE MANAGEMENT AND 

3364
02:25:52,942 --> 02:25:55,778
DISTRIBUTION OF THAT DATA.

3365
02:25:55,778 --> 02:25:57,513
THERE'S A WHOLE VARIETY OF TOOLS

3366
02:25:57,513 --> 02:25:59,682
OF DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS 

3367
02:25:59,682 --> 02:26:02,218
TOOLS AND DATA VISUALIZATION OR 

3368
02:26:02,218 --> 02:26:03,686
QUERY TOOLS THAT AGAIN ARE 

3369
02:26:03,686 --> 02:26:04,720
AVAILABLE TO THE RESEARCH 

3370
02:26:04,720 --> 02:26:08,691
COMMUNITY.

3371
02:26:08,691 --> 02:26:10,159
WHAT WE'VE HEARD OVER THE PAST 

3372
02:26:10,159 --> 02:26:12,628
COUPLE DAYS IS THE IMPORTANCE OF

3373
02:26:12,628 --> 02:26:16,732
THE DATA RESOURCES BEING FAIR.

3374
02:26:16,732 --> 02:26:18,767
SO IS THE DATA AVAILABLE IS IT 

3375
02:26:18,767 --> 02:26:22,671
FINDABLE BY HUMANS AND COMPUTERS

3376
02:26:22,671 --> 02:26:23,239
AND MACHINES?

3377
02:26:23,239 --> 02:26:25,908
ONCE YOU FIND THE DATA, IS IT 

3378
02:26:25,908 --> 02:26:26,208
ACCESSIBLE?

3379
02:26:26,208 --> 02:26:32,615
IS THERE A STANDARDIZED WAY THAT

3380
02:26:32,615 --> 02:26:36,685
A USER HAS AUTHORIZATION?

3381
02:26:36,685 --> 02:26:40,222
IS THE DATA INTEROPERABLE.

3382
02:26:40,222 --> 02:26:42,992
CAN YOU INTEROPERATE THAT DATA 

3383
02:26:42,992 --> 02:26:44,727
WITH SAY OTHER STUDIES OR ACROSS

3384
02:26:44,727 --> 02:26:46,662
DATA MODALITIES.

3385
02:26:46,662 --> 02:26:48,731
CAN YOU OPERATE THAT DATA WITH 

3386
02:26:48,731 --> 02:26:52,034
TOOLS THAT IS NECESSARY FOR THE 

3387
02:26:52,034 --> 02:26:52,301
ANALYSIS?

3388
02:26:52,301 --> 02:26:55,304
IS THE DATA FORMAT MACHINE 

3389
02:26:55,304 --> 02:26:55,804
READABLE FOR EXAMPLE?

3390
02:26:55,804 --> 02:26:59,108
AND CAN YOU REUSE THAT DATA?

3391
02:26:59,108 --> 02:27:04,680
DOES IT HAVE THE NECESSARY STUDY

3392
02:27:04,680 --> 02:27:07,182
METHODS, DESCRIPTION METADATA, 

3393
02:27:07,182 --> 02:27:09,451
QC INFORMATION, THE BATCH 

3394
02:27:09,451 --> 02:27:11,420
VARIABLES YOU'LL NEED IN ORDER 

3395
02:27:11,420 --> 02:27:16,926
TO REALLY TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THAT

3396
02:27:16,926 --> 02:27:17,426
DATA?

3397
02:27:17,426 --> 02:27:23,332
AND THOSE HAVE BEEN VIEWED FROM 

3398
02:27:23,332 --> 02:27:24,733
TWO DIFFERENT VIEWS.

3399
02:27:24,733 --> 02:27:27,469
ONE IS FAIRNESS WITHIN DATA 

3400
02:27:27,469 --> 02:27:28,103
RESOURCES AND FAIRNESS BETWEEN 

3401
02:27:28,103 --> 02:27:31,674
THE DATA RESOURCES.

3402
02:27:31,674 --> 02:27:35,311
AND I WOULD ARGUE THAT NIA 

3403
02:27:35,311 --> 02:27:36,812
SUPPORTED DATA RESOURCES MORE OR

3404
02:27:36,812 --> 02:27:40,049
LESS MEET THE FAIR PRINCIPLES 

3405
02:27:40,049 --> 02:27:42,117
WITHIN BUT THE FAIRNESS BETWEEN 

3406
02:27:42,117 --> 02:27:43,085
IS A MUCH MORE COMPLICATED 

3407
02:27:43,085 --> 02:27:45,454
QUESTION.

3408
02:27:45,454 --> 02:27:48,757
AND THERE IS WORK BEING DONE IN 

3409
02:27:48,757 --> 02:27:53,262
THAT AREA THAT WE ARE MOVING 

3410
02:27:53,262 --> 02:27:54,530
TOWARDS THE ECO SYSTEM AND I 

3411
02:27:54,530 --> 02:28:00,602
WANT TO MENTION A COUPLE 

3412
02:28:00,602 --> 02:28:00,869
EXAMPLES.

3413
02:28:00,869 --> 02:28:09,745
ONE IS THE NATIONAL ALZHEIMER'S 

3414
02:28:09,745 --> 02:28:13,782
DATA CENTER AND SHARING PLATFORM

3415
02:28:13,782 --> 02:28:16,552
ORIGINATING AND INTEGRATING DATA

3416
02:28:16,552 --> 02:28:22,925
FROM IMAGING DATA FROM 

3417
02:28:22,925 --> 02:28:26,061
GENOTYPING DATA AND OTHER OMICS 

3418
02:28:26,061 --> 02:28:32,434
DATA AND LINKED TO THE SAME 

3419
02:28:32,434 --> 02:28:33,836
IDENTIFIER AND MAKE THE DATA 

3420
02:28:33,836 --> 02:28:34,503
AVAILABLE FOR RESEARCH USE.

3421
02:28:34,503 --> 02:28:39,174
TO HAVE THE ABILITY TO LINK DATA

3422
02:28:39,174 --> 02:28:41,844
ACROSS RESOURCES.

3423
02:28:41,844 --> 02:28:43,412
SARAH BIBER WILL TALK MORE ABOUT

3424
02:28:43,412 --> 02:28:44,880
THAT IN A BIT.

3425
02:28:44,880 --> 02:28:48,117
THERE'S ALSO EXAMPLES OF LINKING

3426
02:28:48,117 --> 02:28:49,985
DATA FROM RELATED STUDIES.

3427
02:28:49,985 --> 02:28:51,453
THERE'S EFFORTS LINKING DATA 

3428
02:28:51,453 --> 02:28:55,257
FROM THE SAME INDIVIDUALS FROM 

3429
02:28:55,257 --> 02:28:59,495
AD KNOWLEDGE PORTAL.

3430
02:28:59,495 --> 02:29:02,765
AND DATA IN LONI THAT IS INDEXED

3431
02:29:02,765 --> 02:29:04,733
AND DISCOVERABLE THROUGH THE AD 

3432
02:29:04,733 --> 02:29:07,269
KNOWLEDGE PORTAL AND MULTIPLE 

3433
02:29:07,269 --> 02:29:08,437
PORTALS HAVE OR IN THE PROCESS 

3434
02:29:08,437 --> 02:29:11,673
OF ENABLING THE ACCESS WITH DATA

3435
02:29:11,673 --> 02:29:16,678
FROM THE PORTALS INTO CLOUD WORK

3436
02:29:16,678 --> 02:29:16,912
SPACES.

3437
02:29:16,912 --> 02:29:20,749
AND ENABLE ACCESS TO OTHER DATA 

3438
02:29:20,749 --> 02:29:30,959
RESOURCES NOT LIMITED TO AD/A 

3439
02:29:30,959 --> 02:29:31,493
DRD DATA.

3440
02:29:31,493 --> 02:29:34,530
AND WE HAVE ADDRESSED IF HE 

3441
02:29:34,530 --> 02:29:36,265
QUESTIONS OF FAIRNESS AND CRASS 

3442
02:29:36,265 --> 02:29:40,069
THE DATA INFRASTRUCTURES.

3443
02:29:40,069 --> 02:29:42,171
THAT QUESTION OF 

3444
02:29:42,171 --> 02:29:42,771
INTEROPERABILITY AND HERE'S 

3445
02:29:42,771 --> 02:29:48,310
COMMUNITY INPUT WE GOT THROUGH 

3446
02:29:48,310 --> 02:29:48,744
THE WORKSHOP.

3447
02:29:48,744 --> 02:29:54,383
ONE IT'S IMPORTANT TO BUILD ON 

3448
02:29:54,383 --> 02:29:55,617
EFFORTS.

3449
02:29:55,617 --> 02:29:56,752
THE QUESTION OF FINDABILITY.

3450
02:29:56,752 --> 02:29:57,753
DOESN'T MATTER WHAT DATA 

3451
02:29:57,753 --> 02:29:58,454
RESOURCES ARE OUT THERE IF YOU 

3452
02:29:58,454 --> 02:30:00,122
CAN'T FIND THEM.

3453
02:30:00,122 --> 02:30:02,925
AND THAT CAME UP VERY 

3454
02:30:02,925 --> 02:30:03,225
FREQUENTLY.

3455
02:30:03,225 --> 02:30:04,726
IT'S IMPORTANT TO THINK ABOUT 

3456
02:30:04,726 --> 02:30:05,794
BUILDING CENTRALIZED DATA 

3457
02:30:05,794 --> 02:30:16,171
DISCOVERY AND SEARCH.

3458
02:30:28,584 --> 02:30:32,754
 WE HAD AN IN DEPTH DISCUSSION 

3459
02:30:32,754 --> 02:30:36,725
OF A.I. AND ENHANCING FOR DATA 

3460
02:30:36,725 --> 02:30:38,994
LINKAGES THINKING THE WHOLE LIFE

3461
02:30:38,994 --> 02:30:40,729
SPAN EXPOSOME AND DIGITAL HEALTH

3462
02:30:40,729 --> 02:30:41,263
TECHNOLOGIES.

3463
02:30:41,263 --> 02:30:43,732
THE LINKING TO IMAGING AND OMICS

3464
02:30:43,732 --> 02:30:44,066
DATA.

3465
02:30:44,066 --> 02:30:47,469
WE NEED A WAY OF PRESERVING THE 

3466
02:30:47,469 --> 02:30:50,672
PRIVACY OF THAT DATA BUT ALSO 

3467
02:30:50,672 --> 02:30:56,778
ENABLE THAT ABILITY TO LINK THE 

3468
02:30:56,778 --> 02:30:58,380
DATA TOGETHER.

3469
02:30:58,380 --> 02:30:59,681
AND EDUCATION ON TRAINING 

3470
02:30:59,681 --> 02:31:01,350
RESOURCES WHEN IT COMES TO CLOUD

3471
02:31:01,350 --> 02:31:04,019
COMPUTE AND TO MAKE THE MODEL 

3472
02:31:04,019 --> 02:31:06,088
SYSTEM DATA TO MAKE THEM BETTER 

3473
02:31:06,088 --> 02:31:12,728
KNOWN AND ACCESSIBLE AND 

3474
02:31:12,728 --> 02:31:14,530
INTEROPERABLE AND LAST BUT NOT 

3475
02:31:14,530 --> 02:31:15,898
LEAST THE IMPORTANCE OF 

3476
02:31:15,898 --> 02:31:19,101
FOSTERING DIVERSITY, EQUITY, 

3477
02:31:19,101 --> 02:31:23,005
INCLUSIVITY AND ACCESSIBILITY 

3478
02:31:23,005 --> 02:31:24,740
BOTH IN REPRESENTATION OF THE 

3479
02:31:24,740 --> 02:31:26,275
COMMUNITIES THE DATA REPRESENT 

3480
02:31:26,275 --> 02:31:33,382
AND THE USERS OF THE DATA AND 

3481
02:31:33,382 --> 02:31:36,051
ALSO BEYOND CARE.

3482
02:31:36,051 --> 02:31:37,219
DON'T FORGET THE COLLECTIVE 

3483
02:31:37,219 --> 02:31:39,154
BENEFITS OF THE DATA AND THE 

3484
02:31:39,154 --> 02:31:40,122
AUTHORITY TO CONTROL THE 

3485
02:31:40,122 --> 02:31:43,492
RESPONSIBILITY AND THE AFFECTS.

3486
02:31:43,492 --> 02:31:46,762
NOW, IF WE ARE GOING TO MANAGE 

3487
02:31:46,762 --> 02:31:49,932
THIS WE DO NEED STANDARDS.

3488
02:31:49,932 --> 02:31:51,366
SO LOOKING AT THE STANDARDS AN 

3489
02:31:51,366 --> 02:31:56,738
PEOPLE TO ADOPT SOME STANDARDS.

3490
02:31:56,738 --> 02:32:00,976
THE NIA DATA RESOURCES ARE 

3491
02:32:00,976 --> 02:32:04,313
DISTRIBUTED ACROSS A VARIETY OF 

3492
02:32:04,313 --> 02:32:04,947
REPOSITORIES AND THERE'S DATA 

3493
02:32:04,947 --> 02:32:06,448
BEYOND THE ECO SYSTEM.

3494
02:32:06,448 --> 02:32:10,285
SO WE NEED THE ABILITY TO LINK.

3495
02:32:10,285 --> 02:32:12,721
WE NEED STANDARDS THAT CAN LINK 

3496
02:32:12,721 --> 02:32:15,490
THIS DATA.

3497
02:32:15,490 --> 02:32:16,725
AND THERE ARE MULTIPLE 

3498
02:32:16,725 --> 02:32:20,429
INITIATIVES DEVELOPING THE 

3499
02:32:20,429 --> 02:32:24,733
STANDARDS AND GENOMICS AND 

3500
02:32:24,733 --> 02:32:28,437
HEALTH THE POLICY ORGANIZATION 

3501
02:32:28,437 --> 02:32:30,973
AND THE NIH CLOUD PLATFORM 

3502
02:32:30,973 --> 02:32:36,745
INTEROPERABILITY PROGRAM AND 

3503
02:32:36,745 --> 02:32:38,981
NCBI SORT OF IMPLEMENTING OTHER 

3504
02:32:38,981 --> 02:32:44,720
STANDARDS IN CREATING A 

3505
02:32:44,720 --> 02:32:47,089
FEDERATED SYSTEM AND STANDARDS 

3506
02:32:47,089 --> 02:32:49,925
THE HL7 FIRE STANDARD 

3507
02:32:49,925 --> 02:32:50,492
FACILITATES THE EXCHANGE OF 

3508
02:32:50,492 --> 02:32:55,030
HEALTH CARE INFORMATION.

3509
02:32:55,030 --> 02:32:57,299
NOW, I'LL TALK ABOUT A SPECIFIC 

3510
02:32:57,299 --> 02:33:00,402
EXAMPLE OF DATA INTEGRATION IN 

3511
02:33:00,402 --> 02:33:05,274
APPLICATION OF STANDARDS.

3512
02:33:05,274 --> 02:33:07,909
THAT IS BASED ON THE 

3513
02:33:07,909 --> 02:33:10,779
ACCELERATING MEDICINE 

3514
02:33:10,779 --> 02:33:11,079
INITIATIVE.

3515
02:33:11,079 --> 02:33:13,482
IT'S GENERATED UNPRECEDENTED 

3516
02:33:13,482 --> 02:33:16,351
AMOUNTS OF DATA FROM 

3517
02:33:16,351 --> 02:33:17,152
ALZHEIMER'S, PARKINSON'S AND 

3518
02:33:17,152 --> 02:33:18,720
SCHIZOPHRENIA AND OTHER 

3519
02:33:18,720 --> 02:33:19,554
DISEASES.

3520
02:33:19,554 --> 02:33:20,489
THIS PROVIDES AN OPPORTUNITY TO 

3521
02:33:20,489 --> 02:33:22,924
TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE DATA TO 

3522
02:33:22,924 --> 02:33:25,127
LOOK AT COMMONALITIES ACROSS 

3523
02:33:25,127 --> 02:33:28,864
THESE DISEASES AND ALSO 

3524
02:33:28,864 --> 02:33:30,265
DIFFERENCES ACROSS THE DISEASES 

3525
02:33:30,265 --> 02:33:32,634
BY TAKING A LARGE SCALE NETWORK 

3526
02:33:32,634 --> 02:33:34,469
ANALYSIS APPROACH.

3527
02:33:34,469 --> 02:33:36,038
TO DO THIS THOUGH WELL FIRST OF 

3528
02:33:36,038 --> 02:33:39,474
ALL THIS HAS LED TO WHAT IS 

3529
02:33:39,474 --> 02:33:41,209
CALLED THE BIOLOGY OF 

3530
02:33:41,209 --> 02:33:42,611
INFLAMMATION WHICH IS A CONCEPT 

3531
02:33:42,611 --> 02:33:48,717
PROPOSED TO LEVERAGE DATA FROM 

3532
02:33:48,717 --> 02:33:54,623
EXISTING PROGRAMS AND BIOLOGY 

3533
02:33:54,623 --> 02:33:56,658
AND ANALYSIS AND INCREASE THE 

3534
02:33:56,658 --> 02:33:57,592
INTEROPERABILITY OF DATA AND 

3535
02:33:57,592 --> 02:34:00,228
BEING ABLE TO IDENTIFY OR BUILD 

3536
02:34:00,228 --> 02:34:02,464
THE PROTECTIVE MODEL OF 

3537
02:34:02,464 --> 02:34:04,733
INFLAMMATION COMMON AND SPECIFIC

3538
02:34:04,733 --> 02:34:09,471
TO DISEASES IN IDENTIFY 

3539
02:34:09,471 --> 02:34:12,741
INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE 

3540
02:34:12,741 --> 02:34:23,285
SIGNATURES -- THE NIH TO ADDRESS

3541
02:35:05,894 --> 02:35:10,165
CHALLENGES HAS INVESTED UP A 

3542
02:35:10,165 --> 02:35:11,133
PROTOTYPE OF INFRASTRUCTURE.

3543
02:35:11,133 --> 02:35:14,035
THIS IS FUNDING OVER THREE YEARS

3544
02:35:14,035 --> 02:35:15,504
THROUGH THE COMMON FUND VENTURE 

3545
02:35:15,504 --> 02:35:17,906
PROGRAM WHICH WILL FUND A 

3546
02:35:17,906 --> 02:35:20,041
PLATFORM THAT WILL CREATE A 

3547
02:35:20,041 --> 02:35:22,310
CENTRALIZED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 

3548
02:35:22,310 --> 02:35:27,215
FOR FEDERATED DATA SHARING AND 

3549
02:35:27,215 --> 02:35:30,919
START DEVELOPING A DATA MODEL 

3550
02:35:30,919 --> 02:35:34,689
SCALABLE AND DATA HARMONIZATION 

3551
02:35:34,689 --> 02:35:36,691
AND DATA QUERIZATION.

3552
02:35:36,691 --> 02:35:39,194
THE INTENT IS FOR THIS TO BE A 

3553
02:35:39,194 --> 02:35:42,898
POWERFUL TOOL ITSELF BUT BE ABLE

3554
02:35:42,898 --> 02:35:46,201
TO SCALE WHAT IS DEVELOPED TO 

3555
02:35:46,201 --> 02:35:48,737
AMP SBI AND NEEDS GOING IN THE 

3556
02:35:48,737 --> 02:35:58,480
FUTURE 

3557
02:35:58,480 --> 02:36:00,849
>> THE NEXT SPEAKER FROM
OXFORD 

3558
02:36:00,849 --> 02:36:04,486
UNIVERSITY IS DR. GALLACHER AND 

3559
02:36:04,486 --> 02:36:06,488
HAVE SEEN EXAMPLES OF SUCCESS OF

3560
02:36:06,488 --> 02:36:07,856
DATA SHARING IN THE U.K. WITH 

3561
02:36:07,856 --> 02:36:16,064
THE U.K. BIO BANK AND MORE.

3562
02:36:16,064 --> 02:36:18,133
>> THANK YOU FOR
INVITATION AND 

3563
02:36:18,133 --> 02:36:20,402
ORGANIZATION AND IT'S A 

3564
02:36:20,402 --> 02:36:25,307
PRIVILEGE TO JOIN YOU IN WHAT A 

3565
02:36:25,307 --> 02:36:29,744
DESCRIBE AS A VIBRANT COMMUNITY.

3566
02:36:29,744 --> 02:36:34,382
YOU CAN BUILD DIFFERENT 

3567
02:36:34,382 --> 02:36:37,085
KNOWLEDGE NETWORKS.

3568
02:36:37,085 --> 02:36:42,324
WE'LL BE TALKING ABOUT HOW WE 

3569
02:36:42,324 --> 02:36:43,258
HAVE DEVELOPED DATA PLATFORM 

3570
02:36:43,258 --> 02:36:46,161
FOCUSSED ON DATA TRANSLATION AND

3571
02:36:46,161 --> 02:36:51,766
THIS MEANS BRINGING TOGETHER 

3572
02:36:51,766 --> 02:36:56,771
COHORT AND BEGINNING TO EXTEND 

3573
02:36:56,771 --> 02:37:01,510
INTO LABORATORY DATA.

3574
02:37:01,510 --> 02:37:03,311
FOR INTEREST OF BACKGROUND 

3575
02:37:03,311 --> 02:37:06,181
THERE'S THREE LEGS TO THE 

3576
02:37:06,181 --> 02:37:07,048
TRIPOD.

3577
02:37:07,048 --> 02:37:12,854
WE HAVE A FRAMEWORK WHICH IS 

3578
02:37:12,854 --> 02:37:17,826
ABOUT 64 SITES.

3579
02:37:17,826 --> 02:37:19,995
A LARGE REGISTRY PROBABLY THE 

3580
02:37:19,995 --> 02:37:20,862
LARGEST IN THE U.K.

3581
02:37:20,862 --> 02:37:23,164
WE HAVE AN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

3582
02:37:23,164 --> 02:37:25,166
PROGRAM BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN

3583
02:37:25,166 --> 02:37:28,069
DISCOVERY AND HELPING COMPANIES 

3584
02:37:28,069 --> 02:37:29,704
MAKE DECISION IN TERMS OF DRUG 

3585
02:37:29,704 --> 02:37:30,005
DEVELOPMENT.

3586
02:37:30,005 --> 02:37:33,575
I'LL BE TALKING ABOUT OUR DATA 

3587
02:37:33,575 --> 02:37:37,178
PORTAL TRYING TO IMPLEMENT MANY 

3588
02:37:37,178 --> 02:37:44,586
OF THE THINGS METTE WAS 

3589
02:37:44,586 --> 02:37:45,487
DESCRIBING AND WE'RE A 

3590
02:37:45,487 --> 02:37:46,121
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AND 

3591
02:37:46,121 --> 02:37:56,598
THERE ARE ARE OUR PARTNERS.

3592
02:38:34,903 --> 02:38:37,205
IF YOU'RE A GRAND OLD MAN OR 

3593
02:38:37,205 --> 02:38:38,873
WOMEN OF SCIENCE YOU CAN DO WHAT

3594
02:38:38,873 --> 02:38:39,641
YOU WANT.

3595
02:38:39,641 --> 02:38:43,011
IF YOU'RE AN EARLY CAREER 

3596
02:38:43,011 --> 02:38:46,481
RESEARCHE

3597
02:38:46,481 --> 02:38:48,717
RESEARCHER IN MALAWI YOU NEED 

3598
02:38:48,717 --> 02:38:51,886
PLATFORMS LIKE THIS AND OUR USE 

3599
02:38:51,886 --> 02:38:54,456
IS VERY MUCH WITH THE EARLY 

3600
02:38:54,456 --> 02:38:56,391
PRE-RESEARCHERS AND RESEARCHERS 

3601
02:38:56,391 --> 02:38:58,827
WHO DID NOT COME FROM HIGH END 

3602
02:38:58,827 --> 02:38:59,694
COMPUTING ACCESS BACKGROUNDS.

3603
02:38:59,694 --> 02:39:01,463
LET'S LOOK AT THE ARCHITECTURE.

3604
02:39:01,463 --> 02:39:03,164
WE'LL TAKE DATA IN ANY FORMAT 

3605
02:39:03,164 --> 02:39:03,999
YOU WANT TO PROVIDE IT.

3606
02:39:03,999 --> 02:39:05,867
THE GOAL IS TO MAKE IT AS EASY 

3607
02:39:05,867 --> 02:39:07,268
AS POSSIBLE FOR YOU.

3608
02:39:07,268 --> 02:39:10,338
WE THEN CURATE IT TO STANDARDS 

3609
02:39:10,338 --> 02:39:18,513
AND IT DEPEND ON THE MODALITY.

3610
02:39:18,513 --> 02:39:20,081
YOU IT'S INTEROPERABLE WITH 

3611
02:39:20,081 --> 02:39:20,649
OTHER PLATFORMS.

3612
02:39:20,649 --> 02:39:23,351
FROM A USERS POINT OF VIEW THE 

3613
02:39:23,351 --> 02:39:25,787
DATA BECOMES DISCOVERABLE 

3614
02:39:25,787 --> 02:39:27,856
THROUGH A SUITE OF 

3615
02:39:27,856 --> 02:39:30,825
DISCOVERABILITY AND BROKER 

3616
02:39:30,825 --> 02:39:32,727
ACCESS BETWEEN THE USER AND DATA

3617
02:39:32,727 --> 02:39:34,663
CONTROLLER OR THE DATA PROVIDER.

3618
02:39:34,663 --> 02:39:37,465
SO IF YOU NEEDED TO ACCESS FIVE 

3619
02:39:37,465 --> 02:39:39,434
DAT SETS YOU WOULD NEED TO 

3620
02:39:39,434 --> 02:39:40,735
CONTACT US ONCE.

3621
02:39:40,735 --> 02:39:42,771
WE THEN DISTRIBUTE THE ACCESS 

3622
02:39:42,771 --> 02:39:45,907
REQUEST TO THE DATA CONTROLLERS 

3623
02:39:45,907 --> 02:39:50,445
AND BRING REPLIES BACK TO YOU.

3624
02:39:50,445 --> 02:39:52,414
IT MAKES IT A MORE STREAMLINE 

3625
02:39:52,414 --> 02:39:54,849
OPERATION BUT THE MEAT IS IN THE

3626
02:39:54,849 --> 02:39:59,087
DATA ANALYSIS LAYER YOU CAN HAVE

3627
02:39:59,087 --> 02:40:04,726
YOUR OWN PRIVATE LABORATORY 

3628
02:40:04,726 --> 02:40:07,696
SPACE AND CONFIGURE AND THAT'S 

3629
02:40:07,696 --> 02:40:08,730
YOUR PRIVILEGE.

3630
02:40:08,730 --> 02:40:12,734
THE CONFIGURATION IS MORE OF AN 

3631
02:40:12,734 --> 02:40:15,336
EXERCISE WE CAN DO ON YOUR 

3632
02:40:15,336 --> 02:40:15,570
BEHALF.

3633
02:40:15,570 --> 02:40:16,738
AND WE WILL THEN PROVIDE YOU 

3634
02:40:16,738 --> 02:40:19,274
WITH THE TOOLS SO YOU CAN COME 

3635
02:40:19,274 --> 02:40:20,709
TO THE DATA.

3636
02:40:20,709 --> 02:40:24,713
DATA NEVER LEAVE AS IN NEVER 

3637
02:40:24,713 --> 02:40:30,218
LEAVE THE DATA PORTAL.

3638
02:40:30,218 --> 02:40:31,419
AND WITHIN THE DATA WE CAN 

3639
02:40:31,419 --> 02:40:32,554
PROVIDE YOU WITH THE TOOLS YOU 

3640
02:40:32,554 --> 02:40:33,354
REQUIRE.

3641
02:40:33,354 --> 02:40:35,323
I DON'T THINK WE'VE COME ACROSS 

3642
02:40:35,323 --> 02:40:36,324
ANY SOFTWARE REQUESTS SO FAR 

3643
02:40:36,324 --> 02:40:38,993
THAT WE HAVEN'T BEEN ABLE TO 

3644
02:40:38,993 --> 02:40:39,227
PROVIDE.

3645
02:40:39,227 --> 02:40:41,629
THIS REALLY REDUCES A 

3646
02:40:41,629 --> 02:40:43,565
DUPLICATION OF EFFORT AND COST 

3647
02:40:43,565 --> 02:40:46,568
ON BEHALF OF THE SCIENTIFIC 

3648
02:40:46,568 --> 02:40:46,835
COMMUNITY.

3649
02:40:46,835 --> 02:40:49,003
AND THEN THE MORE DIFFICULT 

3650
02:40:49,003 --> 02:40:50,071
ACCESS IS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 

3651
02:40:50,071 --> 02:40:52,307
ENVIRONMENT BECAUSE IT'S HARD TO

3652
02:40:52,307 --> 02:40:54,442
GET HOLD OF THE KNOWLEDGE IN ANY

3653
02:40:54,442 --> 02:40:56,745
SENSE OF COMPLETENESS.

3654
02:40:56,745 --> 02:41:01,916
TO REITERATE SOME OF THE 

3655
02:41:01,916 --> 02:41:07,455
COMMENTS OTHER PEOPLE HAVE MADE 

3656
02:41:07,455 --> 02:41:09,557
DATA IS ONE THING AND MEANING IT

3657
02:41:09,557 --> 02:41:10,625
WILL DATA ANOTHER AND DEVELOPED 

3658
02:41:10,625 --> 02:41:12,761
PREPROCESSING PIPELINES TO DATA 

3659
02:41:12,761 --> 02:41:18,433
THAT RELEVANT TO THE SPECIALISTS

3660
02:41:18,433 --> 02:41:20,468
CAN BE RELEVANT TO A BROADER 

3661
02:41:20,468 --> 02:41:20,769
HYPOTHESIS.

3662
02:41:20,769 --> 02:41:22,904
IF YOU'RE A GENETICISTS YOU'D 

3663
02:41:22,904 --> 02:41:24,606
LIKE TO SEE THE SEQUENCE POWER 

3664
02:41:24,606 --> 02:41:27,008
BUT IF YOU WANT TO LOOK AT 

3665
02:41:27,008 --> 02:41:29,944
GENETICS DATA YOU JUST WANT TO 

3666
02:41:29,944 --> 02:41:30,879
KNOW THE GENOTYPE AND CAN ARGUE 

3667
02:41:30,879 --> 02:41:32,180
THAT IN MANY WAYS.

3668
02:41:32,180 --> 02:41:37,852
I WAS INTERESTED IN THE CORE 

3669
02:41:37,852 --> 02:41:43,691
DIGITAL PHENOTYPES.

3670
02:41:43,691 --> 02:41:47,529
THEY'RE CONFUSED AND PEOPLE CAN 

3671
02:41:47,529 --> 02:41:48,763
STANDARDIZE THE DATA.

3672
02:41:48,763 --> 02:41:50,765
SO WE NEED TO CREATE RESEARCH 

3673
02:41:50,765 --> 02:41:52,500
FOR COHORTS.

3674
02:41:52,500 --> 02:41:54,502
WE HAD SEVERAL GOES AT THIS AND 

3675
02:41:54,502 --> 02:41:57,272
FAILED MICHELLY UNTIL WE DECIDED

3676
02:41:57,272 --> 02:42:00,542
TO FOCUS ON DATA DISCOVERY.

3677
02:42:00,542 --> 02:42:08,183
AT THAT POINT THE PROBLEM BECAME

3678
02:42:08,183 --> 02:42:08,583
MANAGEABLE.

3679
02:42:08,583 --> 02:42:11,186
AND CURATE TO A PARTICULAR 

3680
02:42:11,186 --> 02:42:13,488
STANDARD AND HAVE 18 THEMES 

3681
02:42:13,488 --> 02:42:16,758
BROKEN INTO DOMAINS, FAMILIES 

3682
02:42:16,758 --> 02:42:21,596
AND OBJECTS AND THE COGNITIVE 

3683
02:42:21,596 --> 02:42:23,631
DATA AND THE VARIABLES.

3684
02:42:23,631 --> 02:42:24,766
THIS HAS INCREDIBLE UTILITY.

3685
02:42:24,766 --> 02:42:27,202
IF YOU WERE TO GO TO A BRAND NEW

3686
02:42:27,202 --> 02:42:28,503
DATA SET WITH AN EXPERIMENT 

3687
02:42:28,503 --> 02:42:31,806
WE'VE DONE AND SAY WE WANT TO 

3688
02:42:31,806 --> 02:42:32,607
IDENTIFY 25 VARIABLES OF 

3689
02:42:32,607 --> 02:42:34,342
INTEREST IT WILL PROBABLY TAKE 

3690
02:42:34,342 --> 02:42:35,376
YOU FROM SCRATCH BECAUSE YOUR 

3691
02:42:35,376 --> 02:42:39,280
NOT FAMILIAR WITH THE DATA SET 

3692
02:42:39,280 --> 02:42:42,116
AND IT'S USUALLY ANNOTATED AND 

3693
02:42:42,116 --> 02:42:44,419
IF IT'S IN A STANDARD FORMAT YOU

3694
02:42:44,419 --> 02:42:46,888
ARE FAMILIAR WITH THE SAME WORK 

3695
02:42:46,888 --> 02:42:48,523
LOAD TAKES AROUND 15 MINUTES.

3696
02:42:48,523 --> 02:42:49,757
NOW, THIS MEANS WE DEAL WITH THE

3697
02:42:49,757 --> 02:42:52,160
HARD WORK AND DO THE HEAVY 

3698
02:42:52,160 --> 02:42:54,796
LIFTING BUT IT HAS INCREDIBLE 

3699
02:42:54,796 --> 02:42:55,430
BENEFITS FOR YOURSELVES IN THE 

3700
02:42:55,430 --> 02:42:58,867
COMMUNITY.

3701
02:42:58,867 --> 02:43:00,235
THE REAL QUESTION HERE IS DOES 

3702
02:43:00,235 --> 02:43:04,005
IT WORK?

3703
02:43:04,005 --> 02:43:07,275
HERE WE HAVE A DASHBOARD WE MAKE

3704
02:43:07,275 --> 02:43:07,709
AVAILABLE PUBLICLY.

3705
02:43:07,709 --> 02:43:09,377
THIS IS AVAILABLE TO OUR FUNDERS

3706
02:43:09,377 --> 02:43:14,716
AND THE USING COMMUNITY.

3707
02:43:14,716 --> 02:43:20,488
WE HAVE AND MANAGE COHORTS AND A

3708
02:43:20,488 --> 02:43:24,759
THOUSAND USERS IN DIFFERENT 

3709
02:43:24,759 --> 02:43:29,397
COUNTRIES AND RECEIVED ACCESS 

3710
02:43:29,397 --> 02:43:29,864
REQUEST.

3711
02:43:29,864 --> 02:43:32,333
THEY'RE GROWING YEAR ON YEAR.

3712
02:43:32,333 --> 02:43:35,470
WE HAD A DIP IN 2020 WITH COVID 

3713
02:43:35,470 --> 02:43:37,238
BUT SO FAR THIS YEAR SURPASSED 

3714
02:43:37,238 --> 02:43:42,710
THE 2023 LEVELS OF INTEREST.

3715
02:43:42,710 --> 02:43:44,679
INTERESTINGLY THE STATISTIC I 

3716
02:43:44,679 --> 02:43:47,415
LIKE MOST IS THIS ONE HERE BY 

3717
02:43:47,415 --> 02:43:49,450
PUBLISHING THE DATA WE GET 

3718
02:43:49,450 --> 02:43:50,385
RELATIVELY RAPID TURNAROUND 

3719
02:43:50,385 --> 02:43:53,554
TIMES FOR DECISIONS BY THE 

3720
02:43:53,554 --> 02:43:56,090
COHORT P.I.s AND THAT IS REALLY 

3721
02:43:56,090 --> 02:43:56,858
HELPFUL TO EVERYBODY INVOLVED.

3722
02:43:56,858 --> 02:44:02,330
SO WHAT ABOUT THE ?

3723
02:44:02,330 --> 02:44:04,766
THE FUTURE IS DIVERSIFYING THE 

3724
02:44:04,766 --> 02:44:06,301
RESEARCH COMMUNITIES TO AREAS OF

3725
02:44:06,301 --> 02:44:09,771
INTEREST IN TERM OF DATA 

3726
02:44:09,771 --> 02:44:11,306
MODALITY OR RESEARCH QUESTION.

3727
02:44:11,306 --> 02:44:14,042
THOUGH YOU MIGHT HAVE ONE BIG 

3728
02:44:14,042 --> 02:44:17,078
POOL OF DATA WE CUT IT INTO BITS

3729
02:44:17,078 --> 02:44:20,748
TO MAKE IT MORE ACCESSIBLE AND 

3730
02:44:20,748 --> 02:44:23,051
COMMUNITIES HAVING AN IDENTITY 

3731
02:44:23,051 --> 02:44:25,486
AND CREATE SPECIALISMS.

3732
02:44:25,486 --> 02:44:28,756
AND ANOTHER FUTURE WE'RE WORKING

3733
02:44:28,756 --> 02:44:33,094
ON IS METADATA AND DATA LED 

3734
02:44:33,094 --> 02:44:33,394
FEDERATION.

3735
02:44:33,394 --> 02:44:36,097
THE IDEAL IS YOU HAVE MANY 

3736
02:44:36,097 --> 02:44:39,534
PLATFORMS BUT THEY HAVE A 

3737
02:44:39,534 --> 02:44:42,937
SIBLING RELATIONSHIP IN TERMS OF

3738
02:44:42,937 --> 02:44:43,338
DATA ACCESS.

3739
02:44:43,338 --> 02:44:44,772
IF YOU LOOK TO THE RIGHT YOU 

3740
02:44:44,772 --> 02:44:48,576
HAVE TO HAVE EFFECTIVELY A 

3741
02:44:48,576 --> 02:44:51,412
SINGLE DATA PLATFORM TO AGREE A 

3742
02:44:51,412 --> 02:44:52,347
SUBMISSION LAYER PROCESS.

3743
02:44:52,347 --> 02:44:54,582
ONLY THEN CAN THEY ACT AS 

3744
02:44:54,582 --> 02:45:00,755
SIBLINGS AS EQUALS IN THE DATA 

3745
02:45:00,755 --> 02:45:04,158
SHARING.

3746
02:45:04,158 --> 02:45:06,527
WE HAVE A SOLUTION BUT REQUIRES 

3747
02:45:06,527 --> 02:45:07,395
TRUST BEING DEVELOPED ACROSS 

3748
02:45:07,395 --> 02:45:08,563
DATA PLATFORMS.

3749
02:45:08,563 --> 02:45:14,702
ONE WAY OF DEVELOPING THIS TRUST

3750
02:45:14,702 --> 02:45:21,576
AND THIS IS PARTICULARLY HAVE 

3751
02:45:21,576 --> 02:45:24,045
GOVERNANCE NEUTRAL SECURE 

3752
02:45:24,045 --> 02:45:26,748
ENVIRONMENTS.

3753
02:45:26,748 --> 02:45:27,849
ONE PLATFORM CAN PROVIDE THE 

3754
02:45:27,849 --> 02:45:32,286
INFRASTRUCTURE BUT BASICALLY 

3755
02:45:32,286 --> 02:45:35,890
LOOKING AT THE PLATFORMS AN AND 

3756
02:45:35,890 --> 02:45:39,494
IT'S ERASED AND THERE'S NO 

3757
02:45:39,494 --> 02:45:44,532
LEGACY IN TERMS OF GOVERNANCE.

3758
02:45:44,532 --> 02:45:44,665
.

3759
02:45:44,665 --> 02:45:45,566
WE TRIED TO BE USER FACING.

3760
02:45:45,566 --> 02:45:48,770
THE QUESTIONS ARE TOUGH AND NEED

3761
02:45:48,770 --> 02:45:49,737
TO BE PERSISTENT.

3762
02:45:49,737 --> 02:45:52,774
THOUGH WE LOOK FOR SPECIFICS WE 

3763
02:45:52,774 --> 02:45:55,977
DEVELOPED GENERIC SOLUTIONS, 

3764
02:45:55,977 --> 02:45:58,780
STANDARDIZATION OF STREAMLINING 

3765
02:45:58,780 --> 02:46:00,515
AND INCREMENTAL IMPROVEMENT AND 

3766
02:46:00,515 --> 02:46:01,783
THINK STRATEGICALLY.

3767
02:46:01,783 --> 02:46:03,284
THERE'S A BROADER FOCUS HERE.

3768
02:46:03,284 --> 02:46:07,355
AND I JUST LEAVE YOU WITH THE 

3769
02:46:07,355 --> 02:46:10,191
COLLABORATION RAPID DATA ACCESS,

3770
02:46:10,191 --> 02:46:11,692
TRUSTWORTHINESS AND USER-LED 

3771
02:46:11,692 --> 02:46:12,627
DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZING 

3772
02:46:12,627 --> 02:46:15,530
INFORMATION BECAUSE IT'S NOT 

3773
02:46:15,530 --> 02:46:24,205
ABOUT THE TECHNOLOGY IT'S ABOUT 

3774
02:46:24,205 --> 02:46:25,106
THE PEOPLE.

3775
02:46:25,106 --> 02:46:27,308
THANK YOU.

3776
02:46:27,308 --> 02:46:31,079
>> NEXT IS DR. ANNA
GREENWOOD 

3777
02:46:31,079 --> 02:46:31,946
FROM SAGE BIO NETWORKS.

3778
02:46:31,946 --> 02:46:42,123
THANK YOU.

3779
02:46:54,335 --> 02:46:56,804
>> I WANT TO TALK ABOUT A
NODE 

3780
02:46:56,804 --> 02:47:00,975
OF REPOSITORIES.

3781
02:47:00,975 --> 02:47:03,077
THE PREVIOUS ALZHEIMER'S SUMMITS

3782
02:47:03,077 --> 02:47:04,412
EMPHASIZED A NEED FOR OPEN 

3783
02:47:04,412 --> 02:47:04,912
SCIENCE.

3784
02:47:04,912 --> 02:47:07,482
THIS HAS BEEN A RECURRING THEME 

3785
02:47:07,482 --> 02:47:11,919
WE HEARD STARTING IN 2012 AND 

3786
02:47:11,919 --> 02:47:12,753
THROUGH THE THREE DAYS WE'VE 

3787
02:47:12,753 --> 02:47:19,093
BEEN MEETING SO FAR.

3788
02:47:19,093 --> 02:47:20,528
THE MORE WE CAN MAKE SCIENCE 

3789
02:47:20,528 --> 02:47:22,864
ACCESSIBLE AND REPEATABLE AND 

3790
02:47:22,864 --> 02:47:26,200
TRANSPARENT WE CAN ACCELERATE 

3791
02:47:26,200 --> 02:47:29,537
DISCOVERIES AND BRIDGE THE 

3792
02:47:29,537 --> 02:47:30,138
TRANSLATIONAL GAP.

3793
02:47:30,138 --> 02:47:32,640
DATA SHARING IS ONE OF THE MANY 

3794
02:47:32,640 --> 02:47:33,808
TOOLS IN THE TOOL KIT OF OPEN 

3795
02:47:33,808 --> 02:47:36,844
SCIENCE BUT IT'S REALLY NOT EASY

3796
02:47:36,844 --> 02:47:44,085
TO SHARE DATA.

3797
02:47:44,085 --> 02:47:46,554
THIS IS ANALYSIS FROM YEARS AGO 

3798
02:47:46,554 --> 02:47:48,356
AND IN MANUSCRIPTS WHERE PEOPLE 

3799
02:47:48,356 --> 02:47:49,824
SAID THEY'D SHARE DATA ON 

3800
02:47:49,824 --> 02:47:52,293
REQUEST, LESS THAN 10% OF THOSE 

3801
02:47:52,293 --> 02:47:53,427
AUTHORS ACTUALLY FOLLOWED 

3802
02:47:53,427 --> 02:47:54,428
THROUGH WITH THAT REQUEST.

3803
02:47:54,428 --> 02:48:03,004
IT'S REALLY DIFFICULT TO SHARE 

3804
02:48:03,004 --> 02:48:03,204
DATA.

3805
02:48:03,204 --> 02:48:05,673
THE REASON IS MULTIFACETS BUT WE

3806
02:48:05,673 --> 02:48:09,277
NEED A VARIETY OF INCENTIVES AND

3807
02:48:09,277 --> 02:48:10,178
PROCESSES.

3808
02:48:10,178 --> 02:48:12,046
GRANTS AND DEDICATED FUNDING TO 

3809
02:48:12,046 --> 02:48:16,217
SUPPORT THE CURATION AND SHARING

3810
02:48:16,217 --> 02:48:19,220
OF DATA IS REQUIRED THEN 

3811
02:48:19,220 --> 02:48:20,755
INCENTIVES WHETHER THOSE BE 

3812
02:48:20,755 --> 02:48:22,056
COMPETITION LEADER BOARDS TO GET

3813
02:48:22,056 --> 02:48:23,191
PEOPLE EXCITED ABOUT SHARING 

3814
02:48:23,191 --> 02:48:25,626
DATA OR WHAT WE FIND AS THE 

3815
02:48:25,626 --> 02:48:26,961
COORDINATING CENTER TO BE THE 

3816
02:48:26,961 --> 02:48:29,130
MOST EFFECTIVE IS A HEAVY STICK 

3817
02:48:29,130 --> 02:48:32,767
TO MAKE SURE THAT PEOPLE REALLY 

3818
02:48:32,767 --> 02:48:35,102
ARE SHARING THE DATA REQUIRED BY

3819
02:48:35,102 --> 02:48:40,675
THEIR FUNDING SOURCES.

3820
02:48:40,675 --> 02:48:41,976
PEOPLE AND INFRASTRUCTURE ARE 

3821
02:48:41,976 --> 02:48:44,745
ANOTHER CORE COMPONENT OF 

3822
02:48:44,745 --> 02:48:55,156
SUPPORTING DATA SHARING.

3823
02:48:57,625 --> 02:49:01,329
AND LOOK AT DATA CENTERS FOR 

3824
02:49:01,329 --> 02:49:02,964
EXCEPTIONAL LONGEVITY.

3825
02:49:02,964 --> 02:49:04,432
YOU HEARD ABOUT THE EXCEPTIONAL 

3826
02:49:04,432 --> 02:49:08,769
LONGEVITY STUDIES ON THE FIRST 

3827
02:49:08,769 --> 02:49:10,738
DAY OF THE CONFERENCE.

3828
02:49:10,738 --> 02:49:13,441
TOGETHER THESE CONSORTIA ARE 

3829
02:49:13,441 --> 02:49:16,844
GENERATING A RICH RESOURCE OF 

3830
02:49:16,844 --> 02:49:19,046
MULTI-OMIC PROFILING DATA ON 

3831
02:49:19,046 --> 02:49:20,748
LONGITUDINAL COHORTS AND 

3832
02:49:20,748 --> 02:49:24,752
CROSS-SECTIONAL COHORTS AND ALSO

3833
02:49:24,752 --> 02:49:30,491
ANIMAL MODELS AND EARLY 

3834
02:49:30,491 --> 02:49:34,895
TRANSLATIONAL STUDIES WE 

3835
02:49:34,895 --> 02:49:35,863
DEVELOPED AN INTERCONNECTED 

3836
02:49:35,863 --> 02:49:38,633
SUITE OF PLATFORMS TO HELP SHARE

3837
02:49:38,633 --> 02:49:39,700
THE DATA FROM THESE PROGRAMS.

3838
02:49:39,700 --> 02:49:45,573
I'LL TELL YOU ABOUT THESE TODAY.

3839
02:49:45,573 --> 02:49:47,875
AT THE HEART ARE TWO DATA 

3840
02:49:47,875 --> 02:49:50,878
PORTALS ENABLING ACCESS TO 

3841
02:49:50,878 --> 02:49:54,248
LONGEVITY DATA RELIED ON A 

3842
02:49:54,248 --> 02:49:54,815
SHARED INFRASTRUCTURE OUR 

3843
02:49:54,815 --> 02:49:56,751
SYNAPSE PLATFORM.

3844
02:49:56,751 --> 02:49:59,153
THE ELITE PORTAL AND EXCEPTIONAL

3845
02:49:59,153 --> 02:50:00,821
RESOURCES PORTAL AND AD 

3846
02:50:00,821 --> 02:50:02,890
KNOWLEDGE PORTAL.

3847
02:50:02,890 --> 02:50:04,158
THE ELITE PORTAL IS CURRENTLY IN

3848
02:50:04,158 --> 02:50:05,960
A BETA VERSION.

3849
02:50:05,960 --> 02:50:12,933
IT'S PUBLICALLY ACCESSIBLE.

3850
02:50:12,933 --> 02:50:15,970
AND THE OFFICIAL LAUNCH WILL 

3851
02:50:15,970 --> 02:50:20,241
HAPPEN THIS FALL.

3852
02:50:20,241 --> 02:50:24,478
IT HAS DATA FROM CENTENARIANS 

3853
02:50:24,478 --> 02:50:26,314
AND COGNITIVE TRAITS AND 

3854
02:50:26,314 --> 02:50:30,918
MULTI-OMICS DATA FROM HUMAN AND 

3855
02:50:30,918 --> 02:50:31,819
ANIMAL MODEL SYSTEMS.

3856
02:50:31,819 --> 02:50:34,188
AND THE AD KNOWLEDGE PORTAL HAS 

3857
02:50:34,188 --> 02:50:35,723
BEEN AROUND A LOT LONGER.

3858
02:50:35,723 --> 02:50:43,531
OVER SO YEARS OLD NOW.

3859
02:50:43,531 --> 02:50:45,566
AND HAVE DATA FROM DATA TYPES 

3860
02:50:45,566 --> 02:50:48,436
AND HUMAN SUBJECTS FROM OVER 

3861
02:50:48,436 --> 02:50:50,338
30,000 HUMAN SPECIMENS AND THIS 

3862
02:50:50,338 --> 02:50:52,340
HAS BEEN WIDELY USED.

3863
02:50:52,340 --> 02:50:55,209
JUST SINCE 2022 WE HAD 4800 

3864
02:50:55,209 --> 02:50:57,578
UNIQUE USERS WHO HAVE DOWNLOADED

3865
02:50:57,578 --> 02:51:03,050
OVER 3. 8 MILLION FILES.

3866
02:51:03,050 --> 02:51:06,620
AND THIS IS REALLY A RICH SET OF

3867
02:51:06,620 --> 02:51:06,821
DATA.

3868
02:51:06,821 --> 02:51:08,756
IT'S QUITE DIVERSE REFLECTING 

3869
02:51:08,756 --> 02:51:14,061
THE DIVERSITY OF PROGRAMS THAT 

3870
02:51:14,061 --> 02:51:15,730
IT'S SHARING DATA FROM AND HUMAN

3871
02:51:15,730 --> 02:51:20,768
AND MODEL SYSTEM DATA.

3872
02:51:20,768 --> 02:51:24,872
A WIDE DIVERSITY OF DATA TYPES 

3873
02:51:24,872 --> 02:51:27,775
AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC DATA AND 

3874
02:51:27,775 --> 02:51:29,310
PROTEOMICS AND METABOLOMICS AND 

3875
02:51:29,310 --> 02:51:31,312
MANY STUDIES YOU HEARD ABOUT 

3876
02:51:31,312 --> 02:51:33,347
OVER THE PAST FEW DAYS YOU CAN 

3877
02:51:33,347 --> 02:51:36,817
FIND THE DATA IN THE AD 

3878
02:51:36,817 --> 02:51:38,152
KNOWLEDGE PORTAL.

3879
02:51:38,152 --> 02:51:40,755
A LARGE FOCUS IS MULTI-OMIC DATA

3880
02:51:40,755 --> 02:51:42,056
FROM HUMANS.

3881
02:51:42,056 --> 02:51:46,127
FROM AN INDIVIDUAL POSTMORTEM 

3882
02:51:46,127 --> 02:51:47,261
BRAIN THERE'S RICH MULTI-LAYERED

3883
02:51:47,261 --> 02:51:48,863
DATA FROM THE SAME SUBJECTS.

3884
02:51:48,863 --> 02:51:54,301
YOU CAN GET GENETIC DATA, 

3885
02:51:54,301 --> 02:52:00,307
EPIGENETIC DATA, TRANSCRIPTOMICS

3886
02:52:00,307 --> 02:52:03,344
FROM THE SAME INDIVIDUAL WHY 

3887
02:52:03,344 --> 02:52:04,412
ALLOWSES FOR A RICH DISSECTION 

3888
02:52:04,412 --> 02:52:06,280
OF THE UNDER PINNING OF 

3889
02:52:06,280 --> 02:52:06,981
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.

3890
02:52:06,981 --> 02:52:12,052
WE WORKED HARD TO MAKE THE 

3891
02:52:12,052 --> 02:52:16,123
PORTAL PRETTY EASY FOR USERS TO 

3892
02:52:16,123 --> 02:52:16,624
FIND RESOURCES.

3893
02:52:16,624 --> 02:52:18,993
THERE'S A SIMPLE PROCESS TO 

3894
02:52:18,993 --> 02:52:22,963
EXPLORE THE DATA THAT'S 

3895
02:52:22,963 --> 02:52:24,765
AVAILABLE AND THEN BROWSING AND 

3896
02:52:24,765 --> 02:52:26,333
LOCATING THE DATA OF INTEREST.

3897
02:52:26,333 --> 02:52:28,335
THEN WE ALLOW DATA TO BE 

3898
02:52:28,335 --> 02:52:31,772
ACCESSED IN MULTIPLE WAYS.

3899
02:52:31,772 --> 02:52:33,541
WE PERMIT USERS TO DOWNLOAD THE 

3900
02:52:33,541 --> 02:52:35,443
DATA ONCE THEY'VE GONE THROUGH 

3901
02:52:35,443 --> 02:52:37,044
THE CONTROLLED ACCESS REQUEST 

3902
02:52:37,044 --> 02:52:39,146
PROCESS THEY CAN DOWNLOAD DATA 

3903
02:52:39,146 --> 02:52:42,149
OR OUT IT ON THEIR OWN CLOUD 

3904
02:52:42,149 --> 02:52:45,453
SYSTEMS BUT WE'RE WORKING WITH 

3905
02:52:45,453 --> 02:52:50,591
EXISTING BIO INFORMATICS 

3906
02:52:50,591 --> 02:52:54,295
PLATFORMS TO BUILD BRIDGES WHERE

3907
02:52:54,295 --> 02:52:56,530
THE DATA IN THE AD KNOWLEDGE 

3908
02:52:56,530 --> 02:53:00,734
PORTAL CAN BE ANALYZED IN THESE 

3909
02:53:00,734 --> 02:53:03,537
POWERFUL PLATFORMS.

3910
02:53:03,537 --> 02:53:04,505
ONE OF THE THINGS WE WORK HARD 

3911
02:53:04,505 --> 02:53:05,873
TO DO IS NOT JUST GET THE DATA 

3912
02:53:05,873 --> 02:53:08,742
OUT THERE AND HAVE THE PORTAL, 

3913
02:53:08,742 --> 02:53:11,345
BUT WE FOUND THAT PROVIDING USER

3914
02:53:11,345 --> 02:53:12,980
SUPPORT HELPS FACILITATE DATA 

3915
02:53:12,980 --> 02:53:13,180
REUSE.

3916
02:53:13,180 --> 02:53:15,749
WE HAVE A DISCUSSION FORUM WHERE

3917
02:53:15,749 --> 02:53:18,586
PEOPLE CAN ASK ANY QUESTION 

3918
02:53:18,586 --> 02:53:20,754
ABOUT THE DATA AND SOMETIMES 

3919
02:53:20,754 --> 02:53:26,193
USERS WILL EVEN ANSWER OTHER'S 

3920
02:53:26,193 --> 02:53:27,127
QUESTIONS AND HAVE EXAMPLES HOW 

3921
02:53:27,127 --> 02:53:29,930
TO WORK WITH THE DATA.

3922
02:53:29,930 --> 02:53:32,766
WE HAVE A NEWS LETTER AND DATA 

3923
02:53:32,766 --> 02:53:33,601
RELEASE NOTES SAYING WHENEVER 

3924
02:53:33,601 --> 02:53:35,803
DATA HAS BEEN UPDATED AND THEN 

3925
02:53:35,803 --> 02:53:40,508
WE HAVE HANDS ON WORKSHOPS.

3926
02:53:40,508 --> 02:53:43,244
WE HAD ONE AT THE ALZHEIMER'S 

3927
02:53:43,244 --> 02:53:43,844
ASSOCIATION CONFERENCE THIS 

3928
02:53:43,844 --> 02:53:45,479
SUMMER AND HAVE THEM THROUGHOUT 

3929
02:53:45,479 --> 02:53:46,814
THE YEAR VIRTUALLY OR IN PERSON 

3930
02:53:46,814 --> 02:53:48,749
TO GET PEOPLE FAMILIAR WITH HOW 

3931
02:53:48,749 --> 02:53:53,454
TO WORK WITH THE DATA.

3932
02:53:53,454 --> 02:53:57,892
AND THESE EFFORTS HAVE BORNE 

3933
02:53:57,892 --> 02:53:58,092
FRUIT.

3934
02:53:58,092 --> 02:54:00,394
 WITH FIND MOST THE DATA REUSE 

3935
02:54:00,394 --> 02:54:03,430
HAS DEMONSTRATED BY PUBLICATIONS

3936
02:54:03,430 --> 02:54:04,765
THAT REFERENCE THE AD KNOWLEDGE 

3937
02:54:04,765 --> 02:54:06,867
PORTAL COMES FROM SECONDARY DATA

3938
02:54:06,867 --> 02:54:07,268
USE.

3939
02:54:07,268 --> 02:54:08,836
THOUGH DATA CONTRIBUTORS ARE 

3940
02:54:08,836 --> 02:54:12,740
FAMILIAR WITH THE DATA AND 

3941
02:54:12,740 --> 02:54:20,915
PUBLISH AS WELL THE MAJORITY 

3942
02:54:20,915 --> 02:54:21,448
REPRESENT PEOPLE IN THE 

3943
02:54:21,448 --> 02:54:24,685
COMMUNITY AS WE SEE AS A TRUE 

3944
02:54:24,685 --> 02:54:26,987
TESTAMENT TO THE POWER OF OPEN 

3945
02:54:26,987 --> 02:54:27,221
SCIENCE.

3946
02:54:27,221 --> 02:54:31,825
WE'RE CONTINUING TO IMPROVE 

3947
02:54:31,825 --> 02:54:32,760
THESE PORTALS AND 

3948
02:54:32,760 --> 02:54:33,127
INFRASTRUCTURE.

3949
02:54:33,127 --> 02:54:34,662
SOME OF THE NEW IMPROVEMENTS 

3950
02:54:34,662 --> 02:54:38,098
COMING IN THE NEXT PHASE OF OUR 

3951
02:54:38,098 --> 02:54:38,933
COORDINATING CENTER GRANTS 

3952
02:54:38,933 --> 02:54:42,002
INCLUDE THE ABILITY TO SEARCH 

3953
02:54:42,002 --> 02:54:44,538
FOR DATA BY PROPERTIES OF AN 

3954
02:54:44,538 --> 02:54:46,440
INDIVIDUAL BY CHARACTERISTICS OF

3955
02:54:46,440 --> 02:54:48,742
AN INDIVIDUAL AND IMPROVED 

3956
02:54:48,742 --> 02:54:49,577
NAVIGATION WE'RE CONTINUALLY 

3957
02:54:49,577 --> 02:54:55,516
TRYING TO MAKE THIS EASIER FOR 

3958
02:54:55,516 --> 02:54:56,183
USERS.

3959
02:54:56,183 --> 02:54:58,852
AND WE ARE CONTINUING TO EXPAND 

3960
02:54:58,852 --> 02:55:01,622
THE DATA AS NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND

3961
02:55:01,622 --> 02:55:04,458
DATA ARE MADE AVAILABLE.

3962
02:55:04,458 --> 02:55:08,629
A BIG FOCUS ON IMPROVING 

3963
02:55:08,629 --> 02:55:10,464
DIVERSITY IN OUR SAMPLES.

3964
02:55:10,464 --> 02:55:14,702
AND IN MY LAST COUPLE MINUTES I 

3965
02:55:14,702 --> 02:55:16,837
WANTED TO MENTION A 

3966
02:55:16,837 --> 02:55:19,239
COMPLEMENTARY PLATFORM CALLED 

3967
02:55:19,239 --> 02:55:26,614
AGORA TO HELP DEMOCRATIZE THE 

3968
02:55:26,614 --> 02:55:28,082
RESOURCES TO A BROADER 

3969
02:55:28,082 --> 02:55:29,850
COMMUNITY.

3970
02:55:29,850 --> 02:55:32,119
IT'S AN DATA EXPLORER WHERE WE 

3971
02:55:32,119 --> 02:55:38,926
HAVE TAKEN THE DATA FROM THE AD 

3972
02:55:38,926 --> 02:55:40,961
KNOWLEDGE PORTAL AND REANALYZED 

3973
02:55:40,961 --> 02:55:43,197
THAT AND PROCESSED IT AND 

3974
02:55:43,197 --> 02:55:45,499
SUMMARIZED IT IN A CURATED WAY.

3975
02:55:45,499 --> 02:55:51,038
YOU CAN GO TO AGORA AND LOOK AT 

3976
02:55:51,038 --> 02:55:54,341
ANY GENE OF INTEREST AND SEE HOW

3977
02:55:54,341 --> 02:55:56,777
IT'S ASSOCIATED WITH ALZHEIMER'S

3978
02:55:56,777 --> 02:56:03,217
DISEASE AND COMPARE ACROSS THE 

3979
02:56:03,217 --> 02:56:05,552
GENES USING THE GENE COMPARISON 

3980
02:56:05,552 --> 02:56:05,919
TOOL.

3981
02:56:05,919 --> 02:56:08,022
ONCE YOU FIND A GENE OF INTEREST

3982
02:56:08,022 --> 02:56:10,324
WE HAVE A RICH SET TO HELP YOU 

3983
02:56:10,324 --> 02:56:12,726
UNDERSTAND HOW THE GENE MAY BE 

3984
02:56:12,726 --> 02:56:13,327
INTERACTING WITH ALZHEIMER'S 

3985
02:56:13,327 --> 02:56:23,470
DISEASE.

3986
02:56:24,905 --> 02:56:25,939
AND INFORMATION HOW TRACTABLE 

3987
02:56:25,939 --> 02:56:28,742
THE INFORMATION MIGHT BE.

3988
02:56:28,742 --> 02:56:31,145
AND WITH THAT I WANTED TO 

3989
02:56:31,145 --> 02:56:32,312
QUICKLY ACKNOWLEDGE THE LARGE 

3990
02:56:32,312 --> 02:56:34,148
TEAM OF PEOPLE AT SAGE WHO 

3991
02:56:34,148 --> 02:56:35,716
CONTRIBUTED TO THE WORK AND 

3992
02:56:35,716 --> 02:56:40,754
PARTICULARLY I WANTED TO THANK 

3993
02:56:40,754 --> 02:56:44,024
ERICA, LAURIE AND SUSANA FOR HER

3994
02:56:44,024 --> 02:56:50,531
AMAZING VISION AND LEADERSHIP.

3995
02:56:50,531 --> 02:56:56,737
>> THE NEXT SPEAKER IS MY 

3996
02:56:56,737 --> 02:57:00,607
CO-CHAIR GUSTAVO 

3997
02:57:00,607 --> 02:57:02,810
JIMENEZ-MAGGIORA FROM UNIVERSITY

3998
02:57:02,810 --> 02:57:03,310
OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.

3999
02:57:03,310 --> 02:57:13,554
>> THANK YOU.

4000
02:57:13,887 --> 02:57:16,924
>> I WANTED TO START BY
THANKING

4001
02:57:16,924 --> 02:57:19,226
THE SUMMIT ORGANIZERS FOR 

4002
02:57:19,226 --> 02:57:21,495
INVITING ME TO PRESENT ON ACTC 

4003
02:57:21,495 --> 02:57:23,664
AND OUR APPROACH TO CLINICAL 

4004
02:57:23,664 --> 02:57:24,198
TRIALS DATA AND RESOURCE 

4005
02:57:24,198 --> 02:57:30,370
SHARING.

4006
02:57:30,370 --> 02:57:31,772
IT'S THE ALZHEIMER'S CLINICAL 

4007
02:57:31,772 --> 02:57:33,574
TRIALS CONSORTIUM.

4008
02:57:33,574 --> 02:57:37,811
IT'S AN NIA PROGRAM THAT IT LED 

4009
02:57:37,811 --> 02:57:42,483
JOINTLY BY THE UNIVERSITY OF 

4010
02:57:42,483 --> 02:57:47,488
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AND HARVARD 

4011
02:57:47,488 --> 02:57:51,592
AND THE MAYO CLINIC TO ESTABLISH

4012
02:57:51,592 --> 02:57:56,130
A STANDING INFRASTRUCTURE THAT 

4013
02:57:56,130 --> 02:57:58,799
IS COMPOSED OF 35 SITES AS WELL 

4014
02:57:58,799 --> 02:57:59,933
AS EXPERT-LED UNITS AND 

4015
02:57:59,933 --> 02:58:05,339
COMMITTEES.

4016
02:58:05,339 --> 02:58:07,007
ACTC HAS A LONG STANDING 

4017
02:58:07,007 --> 02:58:08,742
COMMITMENT TO OPEN SCIENCE 

4018
02:58:08,742 --> 02:58:10,177
ALIGNED WITH NIA EXPECTATIONS AS

4019
02:58:10,177 --> 02:58:13,680
WELL AS WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF 

4020
02:58:13,680 --> 02:58:16,750
FAIR DATA AND COLLABORATION FOR 

4021
02:58:16,750 --> 02:58:18,352
ALZHEIMER'S PREVENTION.

4022
02:58:18,352 --> 02:58:24,591
TO MEET THIS COMMITMENT WE 

4023
02:58:24,591 --> 02:58:26,293
SUPPORT BROAD AND TIMELY TRIAL 

4024
02:58:26,293 --> 02:58:34,635
DATA DESIGN TO PROTECT INTEGRITY

4025
02:58:34,635 --> 02:58:40,574
AND PRIVACY AND HAS ANONYMIZED 

4026
02:58:40,574 --> 02:58:42,476
BIO SPECIMEN AND ANALYSIS, 

4027
02:58:42,476 --> 02:58:44,745
INSTRUMENTS AND EXPERTRY IN 

4028
02:58:44,745 --> 02:58:49,016
TRIAL DESIGN AND DOCUMENTS.

4029
02:58:49,016 --> 02:58:52,319
OUR GOAL IS TO SHARE DATA AT TWO

4030
02:58:52,319 --> 02:58:53,854
CRITICAL TIME POINTS IN THE 

4031
02:58:53,854 --> 02:58:55,088
STUDY LIFE CYCLE.

4032
02:58:55,088 --> 02:58:56,757
THE FIRST OF WHICH IS ONE YEAR 

4033
02:58:56,757 --> 02:58:58,859
AFTER THE COMPLETION OF 

4034
02:58:58,859 --> 02:59:00,761
ENROLLMENT WHERE WE SHARE ALL 

4035
02:59:00,761 --> 02:59:04,698
THE SCREENING DATA FOR A TRIAL.

4036
02:59:04,698 --> 02:59:06,333
AND THE SECOND TIME POINT IS ONE

4037
02:59:06,333 --> 02:59:11,972
YEAR AFTER THE REPORTING OF THE 

4038
02:59:11,972 --> 02:59:14,174
TRIAL RESULTS WHERE WE SHARE THE

4039
02:59:14,174 --> 02:59:14,741
DATA SET.

4040
02:59:14,741 --> 02:59:16,743
TO FACILITATE OUR APPROACH I'D 

4041
02:59:16,743 --> 02:59:18,979
LIKE TO QUICKLY SHARE CASE STUDY

4042
02:59:18,979 --> 02:59:20,747
OF OUR EFFORT TO SHARE THE A4 

4043
02:59:20,747 --> 02:59:23,650
TRIAL DATA.

4044
02:59:23,650 --> 02:59:27,588
IT WAS A PHASE III RANDOMIZED 

4045
02:59:27,588 --> 02:59:28,255
CLINICAL TRIAL LOOKING AT 

4046
02:59:28,255 --> 02:59:38,799
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF THE USE 

4047
02:59:39,666 --> 02:59:45,272
OF SOLEANEZEW ZUMAB AND SCREENED

4048
02:59:45,272 --> 02:59:48,742
PARTICIPANTS BETWEEN THE AGES OF

4049
02:59:48,742 --> 02:59:59,286
65 AND 85 CLINICALLY NORMAL OF 

4050
03:00:11,098 --> 03:00:12,065
THE PARTICIPANTS WHO FAILED TO 

4051
03:00:12,065 --> 03:00:14,301
BE ENROLLED IN THE MAIN STUDY 

4052
03:00:14,301 --> 03:00:18,805
WERE ENROLLED INTO AN 

4053
03:00:18,805 --> 03:00:20,741
OBSERVATIONAL COHORT AND WERE 

4054
03:00:20,741 --> 03:00:23,677
FOLLOWED UP FOR THE SAME PERIOD 

4055
03:00:23,677 --> 03:00:25,512
USING THE SAME PROTOCOL.

4056
03:00:25,512 --> 03:00:28,048
IF LEWD LIKE MORE INFORMATION 

4057
03:00:28,048 --> 03:00:33,620
ABOUT THE TRIALS, I ENCOURAGE 

4058
03:00:33,620 --> 03:00:36,456
YOU TO VISIT CLINICAL TRIALS DOT

4059
03:00:36,456 --> 03:00:37,090
GOV.

4060
03:00:37,090 --> 03:00:40,260
WE SHARED THE SCREENING DATA SET

4061
03:00:40,260 --> 03:00:44,665
FOR A4 AT THE END OF 2018.

4062
03:00:44,665 --> 03:00:48,669
AND THE FINAL DATA SET WHICH 

4063
03:00:48,669 --> 03:00:50,504
INCLUDES PLACEBO AND TREATMENT 

4064
03:00:50,504 --> 03:00:52,739
ARMS DATA WAS SHARED RECENTLY A 

4065
03:00:52,739 --> 03:00:55,075
FEW WEEKS AGO.

4066
03:00:55,075 --> 03:00:59,546
THIS DATA SET INCLUDES CLINICAL,

4067
03:00:59,546 --> 03:01:03,717
COGNITIVE AND LAB DATA AS WELL 

4068
03:01:03,717 --> 03:01:05,986
AS BIOMARKER DATA THAT INCLUDE 

4069
03:01:05,986 --> 03:01:08,522
FLUID AS WELL AS IMAGING 

4070
03:01:08,522 --> 03:01:09,589
BIOMARKER DATA.

4071
03:01:09,589 --> 03:01:12,426
AN ENORMOUS AMOUNT OF NEURAL 

4072
03:01:12,426 --> 03:01:15,262
IMAGING DATA ACROSS MODALITIES 

4073
03:01:15,262 --> 03:01:18,765
AND GENETIC DATA.

4074
03:01:18,765 --> 03:01:20,100
I'D LIKE TO SHARE RESULT OF THE 

4075
03:01:20,100 --> 03:01:30,644
EFFORTS WITH YOU AT THIS POINT.

4076
03:01:30,644 --> 03:01:34,348
FOR SCREENING DATA THE DATA WAS 

4077
03:01:34,348 --> 03:01:36,216
SHARED USING LONI AND THE TWO 

4078
03:01:36,216 --> 03:01:39,252
PANELS ON THE RIGHT-HAND SIDE OF

4079
03:01:39,252 --> 03:01:41,621
THE SLIDE QUANTIFY THE NUMBER OF

4080
03:01:41,621 --> 03:01:43,590
APPROVED REQUESTS THAT WE HAVE 

4081
03:01:43,590 --> 03:01:46,960
RECEIVED OVER THE PAST FIVE 

4082
03:01:46,960 --> 03:01:47,461
YEARS.

4083
03:01:47,461 --> 03:01:50,230
MORE THAN 1500 REQUESTS HAVE 

4084
03:01:50,230 --> 03:01:56,069
BEEN APPROVED BY INVESTIGATORS 

4085
03:01:56,069 --> 03:01:58,739
FROM OVER 60 COUNTRIES AND THEY 

4086
03:01:58,739 --> 03:02:01,842
DOWNLOADED IMAGING DATA AND 

4087
03:02:01,842 --> 03:02:04,211
ULTIMATELY A LITTLE BIT MORE 

4088
03:02:04,211 --> 03:02:14,988
THAN 2,000  AL ALOE  ALLO QUATS 

4089
03:02:14,988 --> 03:02:19,292
HAVE BEEN SHARED AND CLOSE TO 70

4090
03:02:19,292 --> 03:02:24,398
PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS HAVE 

4091
03:02:24,398 --> 03:02:31,438
REFERENCED THE SCREENING DATA 

4092
03:02:31,438 --> 03:02:33,273
AND WHAT WE LEARNED WAS 

4093
03:02:33,273 --> 03:02:35,742
SOMETHING OTHER SPEAKERS HAVE 

4094
03:02:35,742 --> 03:02:37,144
MENTIONED IS THE DATA 

4095
03:02:37,144 --> 03:02:39,146
PREPARATION PROCESS WAS 

4096
03:02:39,146 --> 03:02:40,280
EXTREMELY LABOR INTENSIVE 

4097
03:02:40,280 --> 03:02:42,249
ESPECIALLY BECAUSE WE WANTED TO 

4098
03:02:42,249 --> 03:02:44,418
MAKE SURE WE APPLIED THE STATE 

4099
03:02:44,418 --> 03:02:47,721
OF THE ART IN TERMS OF METHODS 

4100
03:02:47,721 --> 03:02:55,562
TO DE-EYE -- DE-IDENTIFY AND 

4101
03:02:55,562 --> 03:02:57,431
DEFACE THE DATA TYPE WE'RE 

4102
03:02:57,431 --> 03:02:57,664
SHARING.

4103
03:02:57,664 --> 03:03:00,767
FAST FORWARDING FIVE YEARS WE 

4104
03:03:00,767 --> 03:03:06,640
RECENTLY SHARED THE A4 FINAL 

4105
03:03:06,640 --> 03:03:10,310
STUDY DATA.

4106
03:03:10,310 --> 03:03:12,012
I'M HAPPY TO REPORT WE APPROVED 

4107
03:03:12,012 --> 03:03:16,216
MORE THAN 100 REQUESTS FROM 

4108
03:03:16,216 --> 03:03:26,093
INVESTIGATORS FROM 15 COUNTRIES.

4109
03:03:26,093 --> 03:03:28,762
THIS INCLUDES MORE THAN 15,000 

4110
03:03:28,762 --> 03:03:32,766
LONGITUDINAL MULTI-MODAL IMAGING

4111
03:03:32,766 --> 03:03:35,969
STUDIES.

4112
03:03:35,969 --> 03:03:37,804
ANOTHER THING WE LEARNED IS 

4113
03:03:37,804 --> 03:03:39,906
DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES WITHIN THE

4114
03:03:39,906 --> 03:03:42,542
ALZHEIMER'S FIELD TEND TO 

4115
03:03:42,542 --> 03:03:44,711
GRAVITATE TOWARDS DIFFERENT 

4116
03:03:44,711 --> 03:03:44,978
PLATFORMS.

4117
03:03:44,978 --> 03:03:47,581
SO TO TRY TO MEET INVESTIGATORS 

4118
03:03:47,581 --> 03:03:50,317
WHERE THEY ARE WE DECIDED TO 

4119
03:03:50,317 --> 03:03:53,453
SHARE THE DATA FOR THIS ROUND ON

4120
03:03:53,453 --> 03:03:54,321
MULTIPLE PLATFORMS.

4121
03:03:54,321 --> 03:04:00,293
SO WE'VE SHARED THE DATA ON THE 

4122
03:04:00,293 --> 03:04:01,728
GRIP PLATFORM WHICH IS A 

4123
03:04:01,728 --> 03:04:03,630
COLLABORATION WITH OUR PARTNERS 

4124
03:04:03,630 --> 03:04:06,333
AT GATES VENTURES AND SHARED THE

4125
03:04:06,333 --> 03:04:09,903
DATA ON SYNAPSE WHICH TENDS TO 

4126
03:04:09,903 --> 03:04:14,407
BE FAIRLY FIM  FAMILIAR TO THE 

4127
03:04:14,407 --> 03:04:16,743
OMICS AND SHARING THE DATA ON 

4128
03:04:16,743 --> 03:04:18,845
LONI AS WELL BECAUSE WE KNOW 

4129
03:04:18,845 --> 03:04:20,213
IMAGEERS ARE ESPECIALLY 

4130
03:04:20,213 --> 03:04:28,121
COMFORTABLE USING THE APPROACH.

4131
03:04:28,121 --> 03:04:30,257
AND TO SHARE THE LESSONS LEARNED

4132
03:04:30,257 --> 03:04:34,227
WE DEVELOPED A MANUSCRIPT TO TRY

4133
03:04:34,227 --> 03:04:39,633
TO DOCUMENT SOME 69 LESSONS 

4134
03:04:39,633 --> 03:04:40,934
LEARNED IN THE EXPERT PART OF 

4135
03:04:40,934 --> 03:04:44,738
THE SPECIAL ISSUE PUBLISHED IN 

4136
03:04:44,738 --> 03:04:55,115
JPAD A FEW WEEKS AGO.

4137
03:04:56,816 --> 03:04:58,552
THERE'S PUBLICATIONS THAT 

4138
03:04:58,552 --> 03:05:00,987
REFERENCED THE A4 SCREENING 

4139
03:05:00,987 --> 03:05:01,321
DATA.

4140
03:05:01,321 --> 03:05:11,498
SO THIS IS AN ARTICLE THAT THAT 

4141
03:05:11,498 --> 03:05:13,433
EXPLORE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN

4142
03:05:13,433 --> 03:05:16,536
AD BIOMARKERS AND ANCESTRALLY 

4143
03:05:16,536 --> 03:05:25,245
DIVERSE INDIVIDUALS.

4144
03:05:25,245 --> 03:05:28,748
THE INVESTIGATORS FOUND 

4145
03:05:28,748 --> 03:05:30,684
NON-HISPANIC BLACK PARTICIPANTS 

4146
03:05:30,684 --> 03:05:33,520
HAD LOWER MEASURES OF AMYLOID 

4147
03:05:33,520 --> 03:05:35,155
RELATIVE TO NON-HISPANIC WHITE 

4148
03:05:35,155 --> 03:05:38,525
PARTICIPANTS AND THIS AFFECT WAS

4149
03:05:38,525 --> 03:05:40,460
STRONGEST IN PARTICIPANTS THAT 

4150
03:05:40,460 --> 03:05:42,495
WERE APOE 4 CARRIERS.

4151
03:05:42,495 --> 03:05:45,398
THE FINDINGS HAVE IMPLICATIONS 

4152
03:05:45,398 --> 03:05:47,834
FOR FUTURE AD PREVENTION TRIALS 

4153
03:05:47,834 --> 03:05:49,569
AND I THINK ARE ONE EXAMPLE OF 

4154
03:05:49,569 --> 03:05:52,072
PRECISION MEDICINE APPROACHES 

4155
03:05:52,072 --> 03:05:56,743
THAT MAY BE APPLICABLE TO 

4156
03:05:56,743 --> 03:06:01,748
TRIALS.

4157
03:06:01,748 --> 03:06:03,783
TO CONCLUDE WITH NEXT STEPS IN 

4158
03:06:03,783 --> 03:06:05,385
OUR TRIAL SHARING EFFORTS.

4159
03:06:05,385 --> 03:06:11,324
FIRST, WE PLAN TO CONTINUE TO 

4160
03:06:11,324 --> 03:06:12,592
DEVELOP OUR TOOLS AND 

4161
03:06:12,592 --> 03:06:15,629
INFRASTRUCTURE TO SUPPORT 

4162
03:06:15,629 --> 03:06:18,598
PRECISE REQUEST FOR DATA 

4163
03:06:18,598 --> 03:06:29,142
DOCUMENTATION ACROSS DATA TYPES 

4164
03:06:29,576 --> 03:06:32,579
AND PLAN TO PARTNER TO IMPROVE 

4165
03:06:32,579 --> 03:06:33,613
PRIVACY PROTECTING APPROACHES 

4166
03:06:33,613 --> 03:06:36,449
FOR THE DIFFERENT TYPE OF 

4167
03:06:36,449 --> 03:06:39,819
COMPLEX DATA TYPE AND ONE 

4168
03:06:39,819 --> 03:06:41,154
EXAMPLE WOULD BE WORK WE'RE 

4169
03:06:41,154 --> 03:06:43,890
HOPING TO DO WITH RHODA AND HER 

4170
03:06:43,890 --> 03:06:45,558
GROUP TO DE-IDENTIFY A LARGE 

4171
03:06:45,558 --> 03:06:51,631
COLLECTION OF AUDIO DATA WE HAVE

4172
03:06:51,631 --> 03:06:56,403
FOR THE TRIAL AND TRYING TO 

4173
03:06:56,403 --> 03:07:00,740
PROVIDE AN OPEN SOURCE TOOL TO 

4174
03:07:00,740 --> 03:07:02,008
SUPPORT ANALYSIS AND 

4175
03:07:02,008 --> 03:07:06,313
VISUALIZATION AND AN APPROACH WE

4176
03:07:06,313 --> 03:07:09,616
USE A.I. DATA EXPLORATION TOOLS 

4177
03:07:09,616 --> 03:07:12,686
VIA NATURAL LANGUAGE PROMPTS TO 

4178
03:07:12,686 --> 03:07:14,754
SUPPORT MORE ACCESSIBLE 

4179
03:07:14,754 --> 03:07:15,522
APPROACHES TO EXPLORING THESE 

4180
03:07:15,522 --> 03:07:24,898
COMPLEX DATA.

4181
03:07:24,898 --> 03:07:26,533
WE WANT IT INTEGRATED INTO THE 

4182
03:07:26,533 --> 03:07:28,735
BROADER ECO SYSTEM THROUGH THE 

4183
03:07:28,735 --> 03:07:32,739
FAIR PRINCIPLES AND MAKE SURE WE

4184
03:07:32,739 --> 03:07:35,241
ARE PROMOTING SECONDARY USE OF 

4185
03:07:35,241 --> 03:07:37,510
TRIAL DATA AND RESOURCE TO DRIVE

4186
03:07:37,510 --> 03:07:41,147
PRECISION MEDICINE APPROACHES TO

4187
03:07:41,147 --> 03:07:46,553
ACCELERATE THERAPEUTIC 

4188
03:07:46,553 --> 03:07:46,853
DEVELOPMENT.

4189
03:07:46,853 --> 03:07:49,222
I WANT TO CONCLUDE BY 

4190
03:07:49,222 --> 03:07:51,257
ACKNOWLEDGING THE PARTICIPANTS 

4191
03:07:51,257 --> 03:07:56,496
AND THEIR FAMILIES AND STUDY 

4192
03:07:56,496 --> 03:07:56,763
PARTNERS.

4193
03:07:56,763 --> 03:08:04,738
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION.

4194
03:08:04,738 --> 03:08:11,945
>> THE NEXT TALK IS FROM
MARIA 

4195
03:08:11,945 --> 03:08:12,545
CARRILLO WITH THE ALZHEIMER'S 

4196
03:08:12,545 --> 03:08:17,784
ASSOCIATION.

4197
03:08:17,784 --> 03:08:18,618
>> THANK YOU FOR THE
NATIONAL 

4198
03:08:18,618 --> 03:08:20,053
INSTITUTE ON AGING FOR 

4199
03:08:20,053 --> 03:08:21,621
LEADERSHIP AND PLANNING OUT SO 

4200
03:08:21,621 --> 03:08:23,556
MANY SUMMITS THAT HAVE LAID OUT 

4201
03:08:23,556 --> 03:08:32,799
THE MILESTONES WE WORK WITH AND 

4202
03:08:32,799 --> 03:08:34,768
PROGRESS WE'RE MAKING AND FOR 

4203
03:08:34,768 --> 03:08:37,203
THE TALK I WANT TO THANK 

4204
03:08:37,203 --> 03:08:44,744
DR. SNYDER AT THE ALZHEIMER'S 

4205
03:08:44,744 --> 03:08:49,048
ASSOCIATION AND DR. EDDELMIER.

4206
03:08:49,048 --> 03:08:56,756
THEY'RE THE LEADS FOR ALZ NET.

4207
03:08:56,756 --> 03:09:00,760
YOU'D LIKE TO THANK CO-PRINCIPLE

4208
03:09:00,760 --> 03:09:01,461
INVESTIGATORS.

4209
03:09:01,461 --> 03:09:08,735
I THINK WE HEARD THROUGHOUT THE 

4210
03:09:08,735 --> 03:09:12,639
THREE DAYS WE HAVE THE POTENTIAL

4211
03:09:12,639 --> 03:09:14,607
FOR PRECISION MEDICINE WE HAVE 

4212
03:09:14,607 --> 03:09:16,743
BEEN SUPPORTIVE OF NOT ONLY 

4213
03:09:16,743 --> 03:09:18,578
PRECISION MEDICINE BROADLY BUT 

4214
03:09:18,578 --> 03:09:23,416
OF THE AMP AD PROGRAM SINCE THE 

4215
03:09:23,416 --> 03:09:24,284
INCEPTION.

4216
03:09:24,284 --> 03:09:26,019
AND CONTINUE TO BE THERE'S GREAT

4217
03:09:26,019 --> 03:09:26,653
VALUE AND PROMISE STARTING TO 

4218
03:09:26,653 --> 03:09:28,788
DELIVER AS YOU HEARD OVER THE 

4219
03:09:28,788 --> 03:09:39,032
LAST FEW DAYS.

4220
03:09:41,835 --> 03:09:44,737
YOU HEARD ABOUT SHARING REAL 

4221
03:09:44,737 --> 03:09:46,239
WORLD DATA AS MUCH AS WE CAN AND

4222
03:09:46,239 --> 03:09:47,474
HOW DO WE GATHER THE KNOWLEDGE 

4223
03:09:47,474 --> 03:09:52,879
AND SHARE IT IN A WAY THAT IS 

4224
03:09:52,879 --> 03:09:59,452
OPEN AND HAS THE APPROPRIATE 

4225
03:09:59,452 --> 03:10:00,620
CONSENT AND MAXIMIZING FOR THE 

4226
03:10:00,620 --> 03:10:01,521
PANEL THAT DRIVE HOME WHAT WE 

4227
03:10:01,521 --> 03:10:11,431
NEED TO DO AND WHY.

4228
03:10:11,431 --> 03:10:13,967
WHEN WE FUND RESEARCH KNOW IT 

4229
03:10:13,967 --> 03:10:15,268
IMPACTS DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 

4230
03:10:15,268 --> 03:10:18,738
AND LEADS TO BETTER CARE BUT 

4231
03:10:18,738 --> 03:10:20,740
THAT BETTER CARE DRIVES MORE 

4232
03:10:20,740 --> 03:10:22,041
RESEARCH BECAUSE IT'S A CIRCLE 

4233
03:10:22,041 --> 03:10:25,378
THAT WE HAVE TO CONTINUE TO IT 

4234
03:10:25,378 --> 03:10:28,648
RATE ON TO IMPROVE PRACTICE AND 

4235
03:10:28,648 --> 03:10:33,419
IMPROVE QUALITY CARE AND PATIENT

4236
03:10:33,419 --> 03:10:41,427
EXPERIENCE ITSELF AND DRIVE 

4237
03:10:41,427 --> 03:10:42,395
HEALTH EQUITY AND WHO SHOULD 

4238
03:10:42,395 --> 03:10:45,498
TALK THEM AND SHOULDN'T AND WHY.

4239
03:10:45,498 --> 03:10:47,934
WE WANT TO DO A LOT OF THESE 

4240
03:10:47,934 --> 03:10:49,602
THINGS WITH ALZ NET ON THE 

4241
03:10:49,602 --> 03:10:49,869
RIGHT.

4242
03:10:49,869 --> 03:10:52,238
I WON'T BELABOR THEM BECAUSE OF 

4243
03:10:52,238 --> 03:10:56,743
TIME BUT IT'S A VOLUNTARY HEALTH

4244
03:10:56,743 --> 03:11:02,315
CARE PROVIDER NETWORK.

4245
03:11:02,315 --> 03:11:04,183
THEY ENROLL THEM IN BEING 

4246
03:11:04,183 --> 03:11:07,153
EVALUATED FOR TREATMENT WITH A 

4247
03:11:07,153 --> 03:11:08,154
NOVEL TREATMENT APPROVED BY FDA 

4248
03:11:08,154 --> 03:11:12,358
AFTER 2021.

4249
03:11:12,358 --> 03:11:15,261
THE KEY TO THE MIDDLE PORTION IS

4250
03:11:15,261 --> 03:11:16,729
EVALUATED FOR TREATMENT.

4251
03:11:16,729 --> 03:11:22,936
WE WANT TO FOLLOW THEM EVEN 

4252
03:11:22,936 --> 03:11:25,438
AFTER THE EVALUATION WHETHER 

4253
03:11:25,438 --> 03:11:26,439
THEY DECIDE ON TREATMENT OR NOT 

4254
03:11:26,439 --> 03:11:28,775
BECAUSE SOMETIMES YOU GET MORE 

4255
03:11:28,775 --> 03:11:31,477
INFORMATION WHEN YOU FOLLOW 

4256
03:11:31,477 --> 03:11:33,613
THOSE WHO CHOSE OR COULD NOT BE 

4257
03:11:33,613 --> 03:11:44,090
ELIGIBLE FOR THE TREATMENT.

4258
03:11:46,225 --> 03:11:48,728
HERE'S A SNAPSHOT OF THE 

4259
03:11:48,728 --> 03:11:51,598
QUESTIONS WE CAN ADDRESS WITH 

4260
03:11:51,598 --> 03:11:51,831
ALZ NET.

4261
03:11:51,831 --> 03:11:56,402
YOU CAN PROBABLY THINK OF 

4262
03:11:56,402 --> 03:11:57,337
QUESTIONS THAT ARE BETTER ONES 

4263
03:11:57,337 --> 03:12:01,407
THAN WE AND THE NETWORK WILL BE 

4264
03:12:01,407 --> 03:12:03,509
AVAILABLE FOR YOU TO DOWNLOAD 

4265
03:12:03,509 --> 03:12:03,810
DATA.

4266
03:12:03,810 --> 03:12:04,844
I WON'T GO THROUGH THEM BECAUSE 

4267
03:12:04,844 --> 03:12:10,316
YOU CAN READ AND ACCESS THE 

4268
03:12:10,316 --> 03:12:14,821
SLIDES THESE ARE QUESTIONS WE'VE

4269
03:12:14,821 --> 03:12:16,389
BEEN ASKING THE LAST THREE DAYS.

4270
03:12:16,389 --> 03:12:22,562
ALZ NET CONTINUES TO DPROE.

4271
03:12:22,562 --> 03:12:26,466
IT'S A VOLUNTARY PROVIDER 

4272
03:12:26,466 --> 03:12:26,966
REGISTRY.

4273
03:12:26,966 --> 03:12:29,335
OUR LARGEST SITE IS AT INDIANA 

4274
03:12:29,335 --> 03:12:32,739
UNIVERSITY.

4275
03:12:32,739 --> 03:12:35,241
THEY'LL START ENROLLING WE HAVE 

4276
03:12:35,241 --> 03:12:37,510
PATIENTS ENROLLED THAT WILL BE 

4277
03:12:37,510 --> 03:12:39,612
FOLLOWED EVERY SIX MONTHS WITH 

4278
03:12:39,612 --> 03:12:43,549
THEIR PROVIDERS GIVING US 

4279
03:12:43,549 --> 03:12:45,618
INFORMATION WE ARE PROVIDING 

4280
03:12:45,618 --> 03:12:46,919
MONETARY INCENTIVE TO PROVIDERS 

4281
03:12:46,919 --> 03:12:48,988
AND CLINICS TO PAY FOR THEIR 

4282
03:12:48,988 --> 03:12:52,025
TIME FOR PARTICIPANTING IN ALZ 

4283
03:12:52,025 --> 03:12:54,127
NET.

4284
03:12:54,127 --> 03:12:55,828
IF WITH YOU WANT MORE DETAILS 

4285
03:12:55,828 --> 03:12:57,664
LOOK AT THE QR CODE OR E-MAIL 

4286
03:12:57,664 --> 03:13:00,733
ANY OF US AT THE END OF THE 

4287
03:13:00,733 --> 03:13:02,201
CONVERSATION.

4288
03:13:02,201 --> 03:13:03,936
THIS IS THE TYPE OF DATA WE'RE 

4289
03:13:03,936 --> 03:13:04,737
COLLECTING.

4290
03:13:04,737 --> 03:13:07,040
WE TRIED OUR HARDEST TO PUT A 

4291
03:13:07,040 --> 03:13:08,341
WISH LIST IN.

4292
03:13:08,341 --> 03:13:11,811
AT THE SAME TIME NOT MAKE IT SO 

4293
03:13:11,811 --> 03:13:14,013
ONEROUS FOR THE CLINICIANS TO 

4294
03:13:14,013 --> 03:13:16,582
NEED MORE THAN 15 MINUTES TO 

4295
03:13:16,582 --> 03:13:17,183
INPUT THIS WHOEVER THEY 

4296
03:13:17,183 --> 03:13:23,556
DESIGNATE IN THEIR CLINIC.

4297
03:13:23,556 --> 03:13:25,591
SO IMPORTANT TO HAVE INFORMATION

4298
03:13:25,591 --> 03:13:27,927
BUT NOT TOO MUCH WE CAN'T MAKE 

4299
03:13:27,927 --> 03:13:34,667
THIS A USABLE FORMAT FOR THOSE 

4300
03:13:34,667 --> 03:13:36,335
PARTICIPATING THIS IS MORE THAN 

4301
03:13:36,335 --> 03:13:37,303
THE MEDICARE AND MEDICAID 

4302
03:13:37,303 --> 03:13:37,770
REGISTRY USES.

4303
03:13:37,770 --> 03:13:39,272
WE ACKNOWLEDGE THAT.

4304
03:13:39,272 --> 03:13:45,211
 WE DO THINK THAT REGISTRY IS 

4305
03:13:45,211 --> 03:13:49,949
FAIRLY UNHELPFUL ABOUT SAFETY 

4306
03:13:49,949 --> 03:13:51,751
AND OTHER EVENTS WE THINK WILL 

4307
03:13:51,751 --> 03:13:52,752
BE VERY IMPORTANT.

4308
03:13:52,752 --> 03:13:55,455
WE ARE ENGAGED IN THINKING ABOUT

4309
03:13:55,455 --> 03:13:59,158
HOW WE CAN CREATE A BROADER 

4310
03:13:59,158 --> 03:14:01,627
PLATFORM AND THIS WAS ACTUALLY 

4311
03:14:01,627 --> 03:14:03,629
VERY WELL SPELLED OUT IN A 

4312
03:14:03,629 --> 03:14:05,331
RECENT PROPOSAL WE PUT TOGETHER 

4313
03:14:05,331 --> 03:14:08,935
AND WE CONTINUE TO WORK TOWARDS 

4314
03:14:08,935 --> 03:14:12,739
HOPING THAT THIS WILL BECOME OUR

4315
03:14:12,739 --> 03:14:13,773
VISION AND RIGHT NOW THE 

4316
03:14:13,773 --> 03:14:15,708
ALZHEIMER'S VISION IS THE ONLY 

4317
03:14:15,708 --> 03:14:18,411
INVESTOR.

4318
03:14:18,411 --> 03:14:20,813
WE DON'T HAVE ANY PUBLIC-PRIVATE

4319
03:14:20,813 --> 03:14:22,782
PARTNERS YET.

4320
03:14:22,782 --> 03:14:24,751
DEEPLY PHENOTYPED DATA IS 

4321
03:14:24,751 --> 03:14:27,420
ANYTHING UNDERWAY AND WORKING 

4322
03:14:27,420 --> 03:14:29,655
CLOSELY TO DO THAT AND HAPPY TO 

4323
03:14:29,655 --> 03:14:31,124
TALK ABOUT THAT LATER THOUGH 

4324
03:14:31,124 --> 03:14:33,226
SARA WILL BE UP HERE HERSELF 

4325
03:14:33,226 --> 03:14:33,526
TALKING.

4326
03:14:33,526 --> 03:14:36,529
IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS ABOUT 

4327
03:14:36,529 --> 03:14:39,665
THAT, PLEASE LET ME KNOW.

4328
03:14:39,665 --> 03:14:41,267
SO ALZ NET IS DESIGN TO WORK 

4329
03:14:41,267 --> 03:14:42,168
COLLABORATIVELY WITH OTHER 

4330
03:14:42,168 --> 03:14:42,401
STUDIES.

4331
03:14:42,401 --> 03:14:43,436
I HAVE TWO I WANT TO SHARE 

4332
03:14:43,436 --> 03:14:45,772
INFORMATION ABOUT.

4333
03:14:45,772 --> 03:14:48,541
THE FIRST IS COVERAGE WITH 

4334
03:14:48,541 --> 03:14:49,675
DEVELOPMENT AND THE CENTER FOR 

4335
03:14:49,675 --> 03:14:52,645
MEDICARE AND MEDICAID 

4336
03:14:52,645 --> 03:14:53,513
REQUIREMENT FOR PHASE IV 

4337
03:14:53,513 --> 03:14:54,947
INFORMATION ON SAFETY AND 

4338
03:14:54,947 --> 03:14:55,515
EFFICACY.

4339
03:14:55,515 --> 03:14:57,250
THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF THIS 

4340
03:14:57,250 --> 03:14:59,652
STUDY IS TO INVESTIGATE THAT 

4341
03:14:59,652 --> 03:15:00,253
LONG-TERM EFFECTIVENESS AND 

4342
03:15:00,253 --> 03:15:03,322
SAFETY OF NEW TREATMENTS.

4343
03:15:03,322 --> 03:15:05,191
THIS IS OUR FIRST AFFILIATED 

4344
03:15:05,191 --> 03:15:08,961
STUDY BECAUSE CLINICIANS CAN 

4345
03:15:08,961 --> 03:15:09,629
UTILIZE ALZ NET TO ENROLL.

4346
03:15:09,629 --> 03:15:13,299
OF PATIENTS AND NO THE DO DOUBLE

4347
03:15:13,299 --> 03:15:18,204
DUTY OF ENROLLING THEM IN CMS 

4348
03:15:18,204 --> 03:15:19,772
AND ALZ NET AND WE KNEW THAT WAS

4349
03:15:19,772 --> 03:15:22,508
THE REASON WHY WE HAD IT APPLY 

4350
03:15:22,508 --> 03:15:24,744
FOR A CD THOUGH WE AT THE 

4351
03:15:24,744 --> 03:15:26,813
ASSOCIATION PUBLICLY STATED WHEN

4352
03:15:26,813 --> 03:15:28,748
THERE'S TRADITIONAL APPROVAL WE 

4353
03:15:28,748 --> 03:15:29,816
DID NOT FEEL COVERAGE WITH 

4354
03:15:29,816 --> 03:15:32,118
EVIDENCE DEVELOPMENT WAS 

4355
03:15:32,118 --> 03:15:34,353
APPROPRIATE FOR CMS TO LAUNCH 

4356
03:15:34,353 --> 03:15:37,356
HOWEVER WE ARE HERE.

4357
03:15:37,356 --> 03:15:39,525
ON THE RIGHT SIDE YOU SEE THE 

4358
03:15:39,525 --> 03:15:42,595
LATEST ASSIGNED AS A CONTRACT 

4359
03:15:42,595 --> 03:15:49,335
WITH AN AFFILIATED STUDY THAT 

4360
03:15:49,335 --> 03:15:56,676
FULFILLS THE APPROVAL OF IT TO 

4361
03:15:56,676 --> 03:15:58,477
FOLLOW SAFETY OUTCOMES.

4362
03:15:58,477 --> 03:15:59,312
WE'RE COLLABORATING WITH THEM 

4363
03:15:59,312 --> 03:16:04,016
AND ARE GOING TO BE CONDUCTING 

4364
03:16:04,016 --> 03:16:08,754
REGULAR ALMOST MONTHLY REPORT 

4365
03:16:08,754 --> 03:16:09,989
OUTS ON SAFETY DATA TO REPORT 

4366
03:16:09,989 --> 03:16:11,424
BACK TO THE FDA.

4367
03:16:11,424 --> 03:16:14,527
WE HAVE BEEN COLLABORATING 

4368
03:16:14,527 --> 03:16:15,761
CLOSELY WITH THE FDA THE PAST 

4369
03:16:15,761 --> 03:16:17,530
THREE YEARS ON ALZ NET AND THEY 

4370
03:16:17,530 --> 03:16:21,634
HAVE IT AS A RECOMMENDED 

4371
03:16:21,634 --> 03:16:24,737
REGISTRY FOR THE CLINGS AND 

4372
03:16:24,737 --> 03:16:27,773
PROVIDERS TO PUT THEIR PATIENT'S

4373
03:16:27,773 --> 03:16:31,143
DATA IN TO HELP FDA AND ALL THE 

4374
03:16:31,143 --> 03:16:32,178
COMMUNITY UNDERSTAND HOW THESE 

4375
03:16:32,178 --> 03:16:34,814
DRUGS ARE BEHAVING IN REAL WORLD

4376
03:16:34,814 --> 03:16:36,749
SETTING AND ALIGNED WITH THE 

4377
03:16:36,749 --> 03:16:37,717
WORK WE'RE DOING.

4378
03:16:37,717 --> 03:16:39,185
I THINK WE'LL HEAR FROM THE FDA 

4379
03:16:39,185 --> 03:16:39,619
LATER TODAY.

4380
03:16:39,619 --> 03:16:43,322
ONE THING I WANTED TO FOCUS ON 

4381
03:16:43,322 --> 03:16:43,656
IS ARIA.

4382
03:16:43,656 --> 03:16:44,991
I'LL BREEZE THROUGH THIS BECAUSE

4383
03:16:44,991 --> 03:16:45,958
WE KNOW WHAT IT IS.

4384
03:16:45,958 --> 03:16:47,593
IT'S A SAFETY THINGS WE'RE 

4385
03:16:47,593 --> 03:16:51,264
MANAGING TO LOOK AT THROUGH NOT 

4386
03:16:51,264 --> 03:16:55,701
ONLY THE PMR REGISTRY BUT THE 

4387
03:16:55,701 --> 03:16:57,536
COVERAGE STUDY.

4388
03:16:57,536 --> 03:17:00,840
IN 2010 THE FDA DID NOTICE THERE

4389
03:17:00,840 --> 03:17:03,643
WERE ANOMALIES HAPPENING ACROSS 

4390
03:17:03,643 --> 03:17:06,045
THE CLASS OF MONOCLONAL 

4391
03:17:06,045 --> 03:17:06,746
ANTIBODIES.

4392
03:17:06,746 --> 03:17:10,349
WE CREATED A WORK GROUP THAT IN 

4393
03:17:10,349 --> 03:17:15,588
2011 PUBLISHED THE PAPER IN 

4394
03:17:15,588 --> 03:17:18,958
ORDER TO NAME ARIA E AND H.

4395
03:17:18,958 --> 03:17:20,359
TODAY WE'RE RE-EVALUATING WHAT 

4396
03:17:20,359 --> 03:17:22,929
THE WORK GROUP LOOKED AT THAT 

4397
03:17:22,929 --> 03:17:24,463
TIME.

4398
03:17:24,463 --> 03:17:26,766
WE HAVE NOT A LOT OF INFORMATION

4399
03:17:26,766 --> 03:17:30,469
ABOUT WHAT THE EDEMA WAS YOU 

4400
03:17:30,469 --> 03:17:33,739
CAUSED IN THE DRUG STUDIED AN 

4401
03:17:33,739 --> 03:17:36,409
STILL DON'T KNOW AS MUCH AS WE 

4402
03:17:36,409 --> 03:17:38,844
WANT BUT WANT TO KNOW MORE.

4403
03:17:38,844 --> 03:17:44,583
WE HAVE TWO FEDERAL PARTNERS THE

4404
03:17:44,583 --> 03:17:49,121
NIA WITH THE WORK GROUP MEMBERS 

4405
03:17:49,121 --> 03:17:51,023
AND THEY'RE INSIGHTS BUT THEY'RE

4406
03:17:51,023 --> 03:17:53,225
NOT OFFICIAL WORK GROUP MEMBERS 

4407
03:17:53,225 --> 03:17:54,994
AND WHY THERE'S AN ASTERISK 

4408
03:17:54,994 --> 03:17:55,194
THERE.

4409
03:17:55,194 --> 03:17:55,728
THESE ARE QUESTIONS WE'RE 

4410
03:17:55,728 --> 03:18:00,333
ASKING.

4411
03:18:00,333 --> 03:18:02,101
YOU THINK WE UNDERSTAND WE KNOW 

4412
03:18:02,101 --> 03:18:04,737
MORE NOT ENOUGH.

4413
03:18:04,737 --> 03:18:06,973
WE'RE WORKING WITH THE FDA TO 

4414
03:18:06,973 --> 03:18:09,208
UNDERSTAND PATIENT LEVEL DATA 

4415
03:18:09,208 --> 03:18:10,142
AND HAVE MANY COMPANIES ASKING 

4416
03:18:10,142 --> 03:18:12,411
THEM TO SHARE THEIR DATA WITH US

4417
03:18:12,411 --> 03:18:14,914
ON ARIA.

4418
03:18:14,914 --> 03:18:18,918
YOU CAN IMAGINE THERE ARE SUM 

4419
03:18:18,918 --> 03:18:20,519
RELUCTANCE FOR COMPANIES TO 

4420
03:18:20,519 --> 03:18:21,420
SHARE DATA BUT WE'RE WORKING 

4421
03:18:21,420 --> 03:18:23,122
HARD ON TRYING TO GET IT.

4422
03:18:23,122 --> 03:18:26,025
THIS IS MY FINAL SLIDE.

4423
03:18:26,025 --> 03:18:27,626
I WANTED TO SHARE OUR VISION.

4424
03:18:27,626 --> 03:18:30,896
YOU CAN PUT ANY DEMENTIA IN THE 

4425
03:18:30,896 --> 03:18:32,698
MIDDLE BUT WE'LL DO ALZHEIMER'S 

4426
03:18:32,698 --> 03:18:34,767
BECAUSE THIS IS THE SUMMIT.

4427
03:18:34,767 --> 03:18:35,868
WE KNOW THERE ARE BRAIN CHANGES 

4428
03:18:35,868 --> 03:18:36,802
THAT HAPPEN AND TALKED ABOUT 

4429
03:18:36,802 --> 03:18:38,537
THEM AND NOT ONLY WITH 

4430
03:18:38,537 --> 03:18:39,472
BIOMARKERS BUT PERHAPS OMICS 

4431
03:18:39,472 --> 03:18:42,141
DATA WE WILL BE ABLE TO 

4432
03:18:42,141 --> 03:18:44,610
DETERMINE WHAT UNDER LIES THE 

4433
03:18:44,610 --> 03:18:44,844
CHANGES.

4434
03:18:44,844 --> 03:18:48,014
AND ULTIMATELY WE WANT THERAPIES

4435
03:18:48,014 --> 03:18:48,414
FOR EACH OF THOSE.

4436
03:18:48,414 --> 03:18:51,117
AND THAT IS GOING TO BE A 

4437
03:18:51,117 --> 03:18:54,020
PERSONALIZED APPROACH AND WE'RE 

4438
03:18:54,020 --> 03:18:57,423
CLOSER THAN EVER AND I'VE COME 

4439
03:18:57,423 --> 03:18:59,959
OUT WITH MORE HOPE AND THIS IS A

4440
03:18:59,959 --> 03:19:01,027
SLIDE MODIFIED FROM RON 

4441
03:19:01,027 --> 03:19:01,660
PETERSON.

4442
03:19:01,660 --> 03:19:04,030
IN PARTICULAR WE HAVE SOME DRUGS

4443
03:19:04,030 --> 03:19:06,065
THAT ARE GOING TO TACKLE THIS 

4444
03:19:06,065 --> 03:19:08,734
SIDE OF THE CIRCLE BUT ON TOP OF

4445
03:19:08,734 --> 03:19:11,404
THAT YOU HEARD FROM LAURA BAKER 

4446
03:19:11,404 --> 03:19:12,972
AND OTHERS RISK FACTOR 

4447
03:19:12,972 --> 03:19:13,572
INTERVENTIONS CAN OFFER GREAT 

4448
03:19:13,572 --> 03:19:18,511
HOPE.

4449
03:19:18,511 --> 03:19:23,282
THAT IS A GOOD WRAP AROUND HOW 

4450
03:19:23,282 --> 03:19:25,117
WE AT THE ALZHEIMER'S 

4451
03:19:25,117 --> 03:19:27,620
ASSOCIATION AND EXCITED TO 

4452
03:19:27,620 --> 03:19:28,687
PARTICIPATE IN THE PANEL AND 

4453
03:19:28,687 --> 03:19:30,423
THANK YOU FOR THE LEADERSHIP AND

4454
03:19:30,423 --> 03:19:32,758
LOOKING FORWARD TO THE 

4455
03:19:32,758 --> 03:19:33,125
DISCUSSION.

4456
03:19:33,125 --> 03:19:36,729
I WANT TO THANK OUR PARTNERS AND

4457
03:19:36,729 --> 03:19:43,469
GILL AND MIKE AND DR. SNIDER AND

4458
03:19:43,469 --> 03:19:44,737
EDELMIER.

4459
03:19:44,737 --> 03:19:52,745
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

4460
03:19:52,745 --> 03:20:00,986
>> I'D LIKE TO INVITE THE 

4461
03:20:00,986 --> 03:20:01,520
FIVE-PARENT PRESENTATION 

4462
03:20:01,520 --> 03:20:11,697
SPEAKERS.

4463
03:20:30,883 --> 03:20:38,257
LIKED TO INVITE DR. CHRIS 

4464
03:20:38,257 --> 03:20:39,024
SWANSON-FISHER TO START THE 

4465
03:20:39,024 --> 03:20:39,825
FIRST PRESENTATION.

4466
03:20:39,825 --> 03:20:41,594
>> THANK YOU AND GOOD
MORNING OR

4467
03:20:41,594 --> 03:20:46,966
GOOD AFTERNOON TO EVERYBODY.

4468
03:20:46,966 --> 03:20:53,439
I'M PROGRAM DIRECTOR AT NINDS 

4469
03:20:53,439 --> 03:20:55,541
THANK YOU FOR THE LEADERSHIP OF 

4470
03:20:55,541 --> 03:20:56,742
THE SUMMIT AND PUTTING TOGETHER 

4471
03:20:56,742 --> 03:20:58,410
THIS CRUCIAL SESSION TODAY.

4472
03:20:58,410 --> 03:21:01,347
I KNOW MANY HAVE HEARD OVER THE 

4473
03:21:01,347 --> 03:21:03,215
LAST TWO DAYS AS WELL AS WE 

4474
03:21:03,215 --> 03:21:04,950
BELIEVE JUST NOW FROM ANNA ABOUT

4475
03:21:04,950 --> 03:21:09,121
THE BREADTH OF THE DATA TO BE 

4476
03:21:09,121 --> 03:21:12,625
EXPLORED IN THE ANG 80 KNOWLEDGE

4477
03:21:12,625 --> 03:21:14,260
PORTAL AND PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW 

4478
03:21:14,260 --> 03:21:17,563
WHERE THE ACCELERATING MEDICINE 

4479
03:21:17,563 --> 03:21:18,764
PARTNERSHIP FOR PARKINSON'S 

4480
03:21:18,764 --> 03:21:20,399
DISEASE IS AND WHERE WE'RE 

4481
03:21:20,399 --> 03:21:23,869
HEADING NEXT.

4482
03:21:23,869 --> 03:21:27,673
AMP AD IS A PUBLIC-PRIVATE 

4483
03:21:27,673 --> 03:21:32,745
PARTNERSHIP AS WELL AS INDUSTRY 

4484
03:21:32,745 --> 03:21:38,117
PARTNERS AND THE MICHAEL J FOX 

4485
03:21:38,117 --> 03:21:40,085
FOUNDATION AND ALLIANCE FOR 

4486
03:21:40,085 --> 03:21:40,386
PARKINSON'S.

4487
03:21:40,386 --> 03:21:43,522
IT WAS LAUNCHED IN 2018 WITH THE

4488
03:21:43,522 --> 03:21:47,159
GOAL TO HELP ADVANCE PATHWAYS 

4489
03:21:47,159 --> 03:21:49,995
AND BIOMARKERS FOR PARKINSON'S 

4490
03:21:49,995 --> 03:21:51,363
DISEASE TO ENABLE CLINICAL TRIAL

4491
03:21:51,363 --> 03:21:54,033
DESIGN BY DEVELOPING AND LAMPING

4492
03:21:54,033 --> 03:21:56,735
THE AMP KNOWLEDGE PLATFORM.

4493
03:21:56,735 --> 03:21:58,103
WE'RE FAMILIAR WITH PLATFORMS WE

4494
03:21:58,103 --> 03:22:00,272
HEARD ABOUT OVER THE LAST COUPLE

4495
03:22:00,272 --> 03:22:03,342
DAYS AND IN THE SESSION.

4496
03:22:03,342 --> 03:22:07,613
WE GENERATED ROBUST MOLECULAR 

4497
03:22:07,613 --> 03:22:08,480
CHARACTERIZATION AND IDENTIFYING

4498
03:22:08,480 --> 03:22:09,648
NOVEL BIOMARKERS AN TARGETS.

4499
03:22:09,648 --> 03:22:14,053
YOU CAN SEE ON THE RIGHT WE HAVE

4500
03:22:14,053 --> 03:22:17,423
EIGHT UNIFIED COHORT WITHIN THE 

4501
03:22:17,423 --> 03:22:17,690
PLATFORM.

4502
03:22:17,690 --> 03:22:24,363
THEY HAVE LONGITUDINAL 

4503
03:22:24,363 --> 03:22:32,404
HARMONIZED CLINICAL DATA AND WE 

4504
03:22:32,404 --> 03:22:34,907
HAVE RNA SEQUENCING DATA FROM 

4505
03:22:34,907 --> 03:22:40,346
BLOOD AS WELL AS MATCH PLASMA 

4506
03:22:40,346 --> 03:22:42,781
AND LONGITUDINAL PROTEOMICS DATA

4507
03:22:42,781 --> 03:22:45,951
AND RNA SEQUENCING DATA AS WELL.

4508
03:22:45,951 --> 03:22:49,655
AND FEDERATED DATA FROM THE 

4509
03:22:49,655 --> 03:22:53,993
PARKINSON'S GP2 YOU HEARD FROM 

4510
03:22:53,993 --> 03:22:58,964
MONDAY AS WELL TO PROVIDE 

4511
03:22:58,964 --> 03:23:00,366
GENOTYPING FROM PEOPLE WITH 

4512
03:23:00,366 --> 03:23:04,403
PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND RELATED 

4513
03:23:04,403 --> 03:23:04,670
DISORDERS.

4514
03:23:04,670 --> 03:23:08,440
A CORNERSTONE IS DATA 

4515
03:23:08,440 --> 03:23:08,807
DEMOCRATIZATION.

4516
03:23:08,807 --> 03:23:13,245
I THINK IT'S BEEN ENABLED 

4517
03:23:13,245 --> 03:23:19,051
THROUGH OUR AMP PLATFORM AND AN 

4518
03:23:19,051 --> 03:23:21,587
ENVIRONMENT WORK WITH PARTNERS 

4519
03:23:21,587 --> 03:23:24,757
TO LEVERAGE TERRA WORK SPACES IN

4520
03:23:24,757 --> 03:23:27,126
THE CLOUD AND ABLE TO FEDERATE 

4521
03:23:27,126 --> 03:23:29,862
THE DATA THROUGH GP2 AND 

4522
03:23:29,862 --> 03:23:32,164
CURRENTLY HAVE OVER 800 USERS 

4523
03:23:32,164 --> 03:23:33,966
WHO HAVE ACCESSED THE DATA FROM 

4524
03:23:33,966 --> 03:23:36,035
AROUND THE WORLD AND AT THE SAME

4525
03:23:36,035 --> 03:23:39,405
TIME WE WANT TO BUILD UPON THE 

4526
03:23:39,405 --> 03:23:41,473
KNOWLEDGE PORTAL BY RECENTLY 

4527
03:23:41,473 --> 03:23:44,143
LAUNCHING THE TARGET EXPLORER 

4528
03:23:44,143 --> 03:23:46,512
TOOL MODELLED AT THE PLATFORM TO

4529
03:23:46,512 --> 03:23:48,714
SERVE AS A PUBLIC RESOURCE FOR 

4530
03:23:48,714 --> 03:23:51,050
OPEN ACCESS TO NOMINATE GENES 

4531
03:23:51,050 --> 03:23:52,584
AND PROTEINS FROM MODELLED FROM 

4532
03:23:52,584 --> 03:23:55,688
THE DATA THAT CAN BE IMPLICATED 

4533
03:23:55,688 --> 03:23:59,491
IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE.

4534
03:23:59,491 --> 03:24:00,726
AND THERE'S WORK STREAMS 

4535
03:24:00,726 --> 03:24:03,062
FOCUSSING ON THE BIOMARKERS AND 

4536
03:24:03,062 --> 03:24:06,999
KNOX DRUG TARGETS AND CURRENTLY 

4537
03:24:06,999 --> 03:24:12,938
WE HAVE OVER 13,000 TRAR  -- 

4538
03:24:12,938 --> 03:24:16,008
TARGETS ON PROTEOMIC DATA SETS.

4539
03:24:16,008 --> 03:24:17,910
BASED ON RESOURCES ESTABLISHED 

4540
03:24:17,910 --> 03:24:19,211
THROUGH THE AMP PHASE FROM 2018 

4541
03:24:19,211 --> 03:24:22,981
TO THE LAST YEAR A NUMBER OF KEY

4542
03:24:22,981 --> 03:24:24,516
STAKEHOLDERS INCLUDING THE AC 

4543
03:24:24,516 --> 03:24:26,618
FIX PARTNERS AND SUBJECT MATTER 

4544
03:24:26,618 --> 03:24:28,987
EXPERTS AND KEY OPINION LEADERS 

4545
03:24:28,987 --> 03:24:30,589
STARTED TO LOOK AT THE SUCCESS 

4546
03:24:30,589 --> 03:24:32,224
OF PHASE 1 AND START TO THINK 

4547
03:24:32,224 --> 03:24:33,459
WHERE WE CAN MOVE NEXT WHICH WE 

4548
03:24:33,459 --> 03:24:36,762
WANT TO ENABLE THE PRECISION 

4549
03:24:36,762 --> 03:24:39,665
MEDICINE APPROACH.

4550
03:24:39,665 --> 03:24:41,533
WE DECIDED TO LOOK BEYOND 

4551
03:24:41,533 --> 03:24:45,571
PARKINSON'S DISEASE COHORTS AND 

4552
03:24:45,571 --> 03:24:52,745
LOOK INTO OTHER DISEASES AND 

4553
03:24:52,745 --> 03:24:53,779
PRODROMAL PARKINSON'S DISEASE 

4554
03:24:53,779 --> 03:24:56,749
AND OTHER ATYPICAL 

4555
03:24:56,749 --> 03:24:57,082
PARKINSONISMS.

4556
03:24:57,082 --> 03:24:59,318
THE NEW PARTNERSHIP CALLED THE 

4557
03:24:59,318 --> 03:25:01,820
AMP PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND ED 

4558
03:25:01,820 --> 03:25:06,258
DISORDER OR AMP PDRD WAS 

4559
03:25:06,258 --> 03:25:08,727
OFFICIALLY LAUNCHED THIS PAST 

4560
03:25:08,727 --> 03:25:17,002
JULY AND SIGNED ON NINDS AND 

4561
03:25:17,002 --> 03:25:21,473
INDUSTRY PARTNERS.

4562
03:25:21,473 --> 03:25:22,207
WE ARE GROWING.

4563
03:25:22,207 --> 03:25:27,279
IF YOU'RE INTERESTED IN LEARNING

4564
03:25:27,279 --> 03:25:31,150
MORE ABOUT THE INITIATIVE ARD 

4565
03:25:31,150 --> 03:25:32,851
CONTRIBUTING DATA FOR 

4566
03:25:32,851 --> 03:25:34,153
PARKINSON'S OR OTHER RELATED 

4567
03:25:34,153 --> 03:25:35,754
DISORDER COHORTS, PLEASE DO 

4568
03:25:35,754 --> 03:25:38,657
REACH OUT TO ME AND IF YOU'RE 

4569
03:25:38,657 --> 03:25:40,259
INTERESTED AS A PRIVATE PARTNER 

4570
03:25:40,259 --> 03:25:42,027
AND POTENTIALLY JOINING THE 

4571
03:25:42,027 --> 03:25:44,730
ORGANIZATION I CAN CERTAINLY 

4572
03:25:44,730 --> 03:25:47,866
ANTIBIOTIC  -- INTRODUCE YOU TO 

4573
03:25:47,866 --> 03:25:49,568
MY COLLEAGUES TO FACILITATE THE 

4574
03:25:49,568 --> 03:25:50,436
COVERINGS.

4575
03:25:50,436 --> 03:25:52,438
WE'LL EXPAND THE WORK IN PHASE 1

4576
03:25:52,438 --> 03:25:54,740
INCLUDING DISCOVERY AND 

4577
03:25:54,740 --> 03:25:56,074
VALIDATION OF BIOMARKERS.

4578
03:25:56,074 --> 03:25:57,910
WE'VE BEEN HEARING ABOUT THE 

4579
03:25:57,910 --> 03:26:00,446
SEED AMPLIFICATION ASSAY.

4580
03:26:00,446 --> 03:26:04,149
I WILL NOTE MY COLLEAGUE DIANNE 

4581
03:26:04,149 --> 03:26:06,885
STEVENSON IS IN THE AUDIENCE AND

4582
03:26:06,885 --> 03:26:08,720
THE CRITICAL PATH TO PARKINSON'S

4583
03:26:08,720 --> 03:26:10,489
DISEASE SUBMITTED A LETTER OF 

4584
03:26:10,489 --> 03:26:12,691
SUPPORT TO THE FDA WHICH 

4585
03:26:12,691 --> 03:26:14,693
RECEIVED A SUPPORT FROM THE FDA 

4586
03:26:14,693 --> 03:26:19,698
TO ENABLE THE UTILITY OF THE CSF

4587
03:26:19,698 --> 03:26:24,102
AMPLIFICATION ASSAY TO ENRICH 

4588
03:26:24,102 --> 03:26:25,737
FOR CLINICAL TRIAL DESIGN AS A 

4589
03:26:25,737 --> 03:26:27,339
RISK SUSCEPTIBILITY MARKER AND I

4590
03:26:27,339 --> 03:26:29,374
THINK THERE'S SYNERGY WITH THAT 

4591
03:26:29,374 --> 03:26:31,844
WORK FOR WHERE WE'RE GOING IN 

4592
03:26:31,844 --> 03:26:36,181
THE NEXT PHASE OF AMP PRAD AND 

4593
03:26:36,181 --> 03:26:42,654
ENABLE MULTI SCALE ANALYSIS 

4594
03:26:42,654 --> 03:26:43,522
NETWORK.

4595
03:26:43,522 --> 03:26:45,691
>> OUR NEXT SPEAKER IS 

4596
03:26:45,691 --> 03:26:48,727
DR. TIMOTHY HOHMAN FROM 

4597
03:26:48,727 --> 03:26:52,631
VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY.

4598
03:26:52,631 --> 03:26:55,934
>> IT'S MY PRIVILEGE TO
PRESENT 

4599
03:26:55,934 --> 03:26:57,669
ON THE ALZHEIMER'S SEQUENCING 

4600
03:26:57,669 --> 03:26:59,972
PROJECT PHENOTYPE HARMONIZATION 

4601
03:26:59,972 --> 03:27:00,739
CONSORTIUM.

4602
03:27:00,739 --> 03:27:02,574
YOU HEARD EARLIER THIS WEEK 

4603
03:27:02,574 --> 03:27:03,675
ABOUT THE ALZHEIMER'S SEQUENCING

4604
03:27:03,675 --> 03:27:05,611
PROJECT AND THE AMAZING DIVERSE 

4605
03:27:05,611 --> 03:27:07,513
DATA BEING COLLECTED AS PART OF 

4606
03:27:07,513 --> 03:27:08,313
THE PROJECT.

4607
03:27:08,313 --> 03:27:10,949
AND A LOT OF THE DATA SETS THAT 

4608
03:27:10,949 --> 03:27:13,218
COME IN TO THE SEQUENCING 

4609
03:27:13,218 --> 03:27:14,953
PROJECTS COME FROM DIFFERENT 

4610
03:27:14,953 --> 03:27:16,188
COHORTS THAT USE DIFFERENT 

4611
03:27:16,188 --> 03:27:17,155
PROTOCOLS IN DATA COLLECTION.

4612
03:27:17,155 --> 03:27:18,357
WE'VE HAD TO TACKLE THE 

4613
03:27:18,357 --> 03:27:20,859
CHALLENGE OF HOW DO WE INTEGRATE

4614
03:27:20,859 --> 03:27:22,227
THOSE DATA COLLECTED IN VERY 

4615
03:27:22,227 --> 03:27:25,964
DIFFERENT WAYS AND MAKE THEM 

4616
03:27:25,964 --> 03:27:27,699
AVAILABLE TO RESEARCHERS FOR 

4617
03:27:27,699 --> 03:27:28,433
GENOMIC DATA ANALYSIS.

4618
03:27:28,433 --> 03:27:30,636
WE ESTABLISHED A TEAM OF ABOUT 

4619
03:27:30,636 --> 03:27:35,240
13 DOMAIN EXPERTS AROUND THE 

4620
03:27:35,240 --> 03:27:36,074
COUNTRY WHO ALREADY HAD 

4621
03:27:36,074 --> 03:27:38,744
ESTABLISHED METHODOLOGIES FOR 

4622
03:27:38,744 --> 03:27:39,678
THE DIFFERENT DOMAINS WE HAVE 

4623
03:27:39,678 --> 03:27:41,013
LISTED ON THE LEFT.

4624
03:27:41,013 --> 03:27:43,882
WE HARMONIZED DATA AND DOMAINS 

4625
03:27:43,882 --> 03:27:50,188
OF RISK FACTORS AND COGNITIVE 

4626
03:27:50,188 --> 03:27:52,524
DATA WITH DIFFUSION AND 

4627
03:27:52,524 --> 03:27:53,458
STRUCTURAL IMAGE AND NEURAL 

4628
03:27:53,458 --> 03:27:54,526
PATHOLOGY DATA.

4629
03:27:54,526 --> 03:27:58,931
WHEN WE DO THE DATA 

4630
03:27:58,931 --> 03:28:00,332
HARMONIZATION THE GOAL IS TO 

4631
03:28:00,332 --> 03:28:01,133
MAKE AVAILABLE FOR SEQUENCE 

4632
03:28:01,133 --> 03:28:02,668
ANALYSIS AND INCLUDE EVERYONE IN

4633
03:28:02,668 --> 03:28:04,036
THE COHORT.

4634
03:28:04,036 --> 03:28:06,672
WE ALREADY HARMONIZED COGNITIVE 

4635
03:28:06,672 --> 03:28:08,140
DATA FOR MORE THAN 80,000 

4636
03:28:08,140 --> 03:28:11,310
PARTICIPANTS AND MADE THEM 

4637
03:28:11,310 --> 03:28:14,179
AVAILABLE TO THE COMMUNITY.

4638
03:28:14,179 --> 03:28:15,914
ALL THE DATA ARE AVAILABLE AND 

4639
03:28:15,914 --> 03:28:18,684
SEND THEM BACK TO THE INDIVIDUAL

4640
03:28:18,684 --> 03:28:20,519
COHORTS FOR PEOPLE USING THE 

4641
03:28:20,519 --> 03:28:23,589
DATA AND JUST WANT HARMONIZED 

4642
03:28:23,589 --> 03:28:25,324
PHENOTYPES FOR YOUR COHORT FOR 

4643
03:28:25,324 --> 03:28:26,525
ADNI OR THE A4 STUDY YOU HEARD 

4644
03:28:26,525 --> 03:28:35,934
ABOUT TODAY.

4645
03:28:35,934 --> 03:28:36,802
THERE'S DIFFERENT PLATFORMS SET 

4646
03:28:36,802 --> 03:28:38,870
UP TO SOLVE DIFFERENT TYPES OF 

4647
03:28:38,870 --> 03:28:40,739
PROBLEMS AND ONE WAS SET UP TO 

4648
03:28:40,739 --> 03:28:44,776
DEAL WITH SHARING GENOMIC DATA 

4649
03:28:44,776 --> 03:28:48,714
AND SHARE IMAGING DATA.

4650
03:28:48,714 --> 03:28:50,549
WE HELPED FACILITATE A NICE 

4651
03:28:50,549 --> 03:28:51,583
COLLABORATION TO MAKE IT EASIER 

4652
03:28:51,583 --> 03:28:54,186
ON THE USERS AND MAKE IT 

4653
03:28:54,186 --> 03:29:00,726
POSSIBLE TO ACCESS RAW DATA FOR 

4654
03:29:00,726 --> 03:29:02,060
USERS OF THAT.

4655
03:29:02,060 --> 03:29:05,497
AND WE HEARD AN OPPORTUNITY TO 

4656
03:29:05,497 --> 03:29:08,367
DO WORK SHOP AND WEBINARS.

4657
03:29:08,367 --> 03:29:10,135
EACH YEAR WE PUT ON A WORKSHOP 

4658
03:29:10,135 --> 03:29:12,037
WHERE WE GIVE HANDS ON TRAINING 

4659
03:29:12,037 --> 03:29:13,705
TO THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY TO 

4660
03:29:13,705 --> 03:29:15,841
LEARN HU TO DO DATA 

4661
03:29:15,841 --> 03:29:16,842
HARMONIZATION, HOW TO TAKE THE 

4662
03:29:16,842 --> 03:29:19,111
PHENOTYPES WE GENERATED AN USE 

4663
03:29:19,111 --> 03:29:22,214
THEM IN YOUR OWN ANALYSES AND 

4664
03:29:22,214 --> 03:29:22,914
WINDOW TO THE TYPE OF WORK WE 

4665
03:29:22,914 --> 03:29:27,052
DO.

4666
03:29:27,052 --> 03:29:30,989
AND ON THE TOP RIGHT WE 

4667
03:29:30,989 --> 03:29:32,024
INTEGRATED WITH GREAT PROGRAMS 

4668
03:29:32,024 --> 03:29:33,592
YOU HEARD ABOUT TODAY.

4669
03:29:33,592 --> 03:29:36,461
WE WORKED WITH THE AD KNOWLEDGE 

4670
03:29:36,461 --> 03:29:38,397
PORTAL FOR NEURAL PATHOLOGY DATA

4671
03:29:38,397 --> 03:29:43,335
AND STARTED WORKING WITH CARD 

4672
03:29:43,335 --> 03:29:44,736
AND THE GPT 2 PLATFORM ON COMMON

4673
03:29:44,736 --> 03:29:47,472
DATA ELEMENTS TO BE EXTRACTED 

4674
03:29:47,472 --> 03:29:51,677
FROM NEURAL PATH OLOGY SLIDES 

4675
03:29:51,677 --> 03:29:54,646
AND INTEGRATE ACROSS DISEASES.

4676
03:29:54,646 --> 03:29:56,748
WE WORKED WITH THE NATIONAL 

4677
03:29:56,748 --> 03:29:57,649
ALZHEIMER'S COORDINATING CENTER 

4678
03:29:57,649 --> 03:29:59,484
YOU'LL HEAR MORE ABOUT IN 

4679
03:29:59,484 --> 03:30:03,121
MINUTES AND HAD A CHANCE TO WORK

4680
03:30:03,121 --> 03:30:06,058
WITH FOLKS WHO DO ARTIFICIAL 

4681
03:30:06,058 --> 03:30:07,659
INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE 

4682
03:30:07,659 --> 03:30:07,926
LEARNING.

4683
03:30:07,926 --> 03:30:09,428
THEY'RE HELPFUL FOR DATA 

4684
03:30:09,428 --> 03:30:09,761
HARMONIZATION.

4685
03:30:09,761 --> 03:30:11,563
WE USE THE APPROACHES UP OUR 

4686
03:30:11,563 --> 03:30:13,031
HARMONIZATION METHODS BUT THE 

4687
03:30:13,031 --> 03:30:14,666
REASON WE WERE ESTABLISHED WAS 

4688
03:30:14,666 --> 03:30:17,836
BECAUSE A LOT OF PEOPLE WHO DO 

4689
03:30:17,836 --> 03:30:19,371
A.I. AND M.L. WORK WATCH THE TO 

4690
03:30:19,371 --> 03:30:21,306
USE DATA FROM GENOMICS AND 

4691
03:30:21,306 --> 03:30:24,643
NEURAL IMAGES BUT MAY NOT HAVE 

4692
03:30:24,643 --> 03:30:25,477
THE EXPERTISE.

4693
03:30:25,477 --> 03:30:26,945
ONE HUGE DELIVERABLE ARE THE 

4694
03:30:26,945 --> 03:30:29,481
A.I. READY DATA SETS THAT CAN GO

4695
03:30:29,481 --> 03:30:31,049
INTO WORK GROUPS THAT HAVE 

4696
03:30:31,049 --> 03:30:32,684
EXPERTISE IN THAT AREA AND 

4697
03:30:32,684 --> 03:30:33,985
ACCELERATE SOME OF THE 

4698
03:30:33,985 --> 03:30:35,854
DISCOVERIES THAT CAN COME FROM 

4699
03:30:35,854 --> 03:30:37,089
THAT AND YOU'LL HEAR MORE ON 

4700
03:30:37,089 --> 03:30:42,227
THAT IN A FEW MINUTES.

4701
03:30:42,227 --> 03:30:44,229
ONE OTHER COLLABORATION IS WITH 

4702
03:30:44,229 --> 03:30:45,664
A MILLION VETERANS PROGRAM AS 

4703
03:30:45,664 --> 03:30:46,732
PART OF THE V.A.

4704
03:30:46,732 --> 03:30:49,534
THIS IS ONE OF THE FIRST 

4705
03:30:49,534 --> 03:30:50,569
COLLABORATIONS BETWEEN THE V.A. 

4706
03:30:50,569 --> 03:30:52,738
AND NIA TO MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO 

4707
03:30:52,738 --> 03:30:56,441
DO GENOMIC DATA ANALYSIS ACROSS 

4708
03:30:56,441 --> 03:30:57,342
THAT REALLY CDC PROGRAM IN THE 

4709
03:30:57,342 --> 03:30:59,111
V.A. AND THE ADSP.

4710
03:30:59,111 --> 03:31:01,513
WE JUST STARTED THIS PROJECT AND

4711
03:31:01,513 --> 03:31:04,449
GOT UNDERWAY AND EXCITED TO 

4712
03:31:04,449 --> 03:31:05,650
INTEGRATE ELECTRONIC HEALTH 

4713
03:31:05,650 --> 03:31:08,053
REPORT DATA TO GET PHENOTYPES 

4714
03:31:08,053 --> 03:31:11,022
AND PULLING IN CLINICAL IMAGES 

4715
03:31:11,022 --> 03:31:14,826
TO PULL IN AD RELEVANT FROM DATA

4716
03:31:14,826 --> 03:31:16,361
AND WITH THE GOAL OF DOING JOINT

4717
03:31:16,361 --> 03:31:17,229
ANALYSIS IN THE FUTURE.

4718
03:31:17,229 --> 03:31:18,830
FINALLY YOU CAN READ MORE ABOUT 

4719
03:31:18,830 --> 03:31:24,736
THE DATA WE HAVE HERE ON OUR 

4720
03:31:24,736 --> 03:31:32,210
DATA EXPLORER TOOL AND WE TRY TO

4721
03:31:32,210 --> 03:31:34,980
MAKE THE DATA ACCESSIBLE TO 

4722
03:31:34,980 --> 03:31:36,581
FOLKS ACROSS DIFFERENT LEVELS OF

4723
03:31:36,581 --> 03:31:36,948
EXPERTISE.

4724
03:31:36,948 --> 03:31:39,384
IF YOU'RE AN IMAGEER AND WANT TO

4725
03:31:39,384 --> 03:31:41,586
WORK WITH RAW IMAGING DATA IT'S 

4726
03:31:41,586 --> 03:31:43,021
AVAILABLE BUT IF YOU NEVER 

4727
03:31:43,021 --> 03:31:44,956
LOOKED AT AN IMAGE BUT 

4728
03:31:44,956 --> 03:31:47,559
INTERESTED IN GENOMIC ANALYSIS 

4729
03:31:47,559 --> 03:31:52,464
ON AMYLOID STAT  STATUS AND 

4730
03:31:52,464 --> 03:31:54,733
THOUGH THE DATA ARE COMING FROM 

4731
03:31:54,733 --> 03:31:56,468
COMPLEX IMAGING ANALYSES.

4732
03:31:56,468 --> 03:32:03,675
AND SO HOPEFULLY YOU'LL CHECK

4733
03:32:03,675 --> 03:32:06,778
US -- US OUT AND THE 

4734
03:32:06,778 --> 03:32:08,680
PARTICIPANTS WHO MAKE THEIR DATA

4735
03:32:08,680 --> 03:32:09,614
AVAILABLE FOR US TO MAKE AN 

4736
03:32:09,614 --> 03:32:10,081
IMPACT ON THE DISEASE.

4737
03:32:10,081 --> 03:32:19,658
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

4738
03:32:19,658 --> 03:32:21,660
>> THE NEXT SPEAKER IS DR.
BIBER

4739
03:32:21,660 --> 03:32:22,160
FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF 

4740
03:32:22,160 --> 03:32:29,067
WASHINGTON.

4741
03:32:29,067 --> 03:32:29,968
>> HELLO.

4742
03:32:29,968 --> 03:32:31,069
THANKS SO MUCH TO THE ORGANIZERS

4743
03:32:31,069 --> 03:32:32,737
FOR INVITING ME.

4744
03:32:32,737 --> 03:32:33,872
I'M THRILLED TO HAVE THE 

4745
03:32:33,872 --> 03:32:35,040
OPPORTUNITY TO LEARN FROM ALL OF

4746
03:32:35,040 --> 03:32:41,479
YOU AND TO HIGHLIGHT THE WORK TO

4747
03:32:41,479 --> 03:32:42,948
REVOLUTIONIZE INTEROPERABILITY 

4748
03:32:42,948 --> 03:32:47,519
AND DISCOVERY AND ACCESS FOR 

4749
03:32:47,519 --> 03:32:48,720
ADRC PROGRAM DATA.

4750
03:32:48,720 --> 03:32:50,922
IT'S THE CENTRALIZED 

4751
03:32:50,922 --> 03:32:52,224
COLLABORATORY AND COMMUNICATION 

4752
03:32:52,224 --> 03:32:54,359
HUB FOR THE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 

4753
03:32:54,359 --> 03:32:56,561
RESEARCH CENTERS PROGRAM OF 35 

4754
03:32:56,561 --> 03:32:59,064
CENTERS ACROSS 24 STATES.

4755
03:32:59,064 --> 03:33:02,267
OVER THE PAST 2R5 YEARS WE BUILT

4756
03:33:02,267 --> 03:33:06,605
ONE OF THE LARGEST AND 

4757
03:33:06,605 --> 03:33:07,539
COMPREHENSIVE LONGITUDINAL 

4758
03:33:07,539 --> 03:33:08,173
NEUROPATHOLOGICAL DATA SETS IN 

4759
03:33:08,173 --> 03:33:08,506
THE WORLD.

4760
03:33:08,506 --> 03:33:11,643
WE HAVE DATA ON MORE THAN 51,000

4761
03:33:11,643 --> 03:33:14,579
PARTICIPANTS WITH UP TO 19 YEARS

4762
03:33:14,579 --> 03:33:17,182
OF DATA ON SOME.

4763
03:33:17,182 --> 03:33:19,417
THIS INCLUDES PARTICIPANTS 

4764
03:33:19,417 --> 03:33:21,653
HEALTHY, AT RISK AND WITH 

4765
03:33:21,653 --> 03:33:22,621
DEMENTIA SYSTEMS.

4766
03:33:22,621 --> 03:33:25,957
THE UNIFORM DATA SET WHICH HAS 

4767
03:33:25,957 --> 03:33:28,727
COLLECTED WITH ADRC SINCE 2005 

4768
03:33:28,727 --> 03:33:32,330
IS STANDARDIZED AND LONGITUDINAL

4769
03:33:32,330 --> 03:33:34,699
AND CONSISTS OF ROBUST CRITERIA 

4770
03:33:34,699 --> 03:33:36,735
BASED DIAGNOSES CONSIDERED GOLD 

4771
03:33:36,735 --> 03:33:41,740
STANDARD BY THE FIELD.

4772
03:33:41,740 --> 03:33:43,808
IT HOUSES NEURAL PATHOLOGY DATA.

4773
03:33:43,808 --> 03:33:47,812
60% OF PARTICIPANTS ARE BRAIN 

4774
03:33:47,812 --> 03:33:50,582
DONORS WITH PURE AND MIXED 

4775
03:33:50,582 --> 03:33:50,982
ETIOLOGY.

4776
03:33:50,982 --> 03:33:53,718
IT HAS ENABLED MAJOR 

4777
03:33:53,718 --> 03:33:54,386
BREAKTHROUGHS IN THE FIELD AND 

4778
03:33:54,386 --> 03:33:58,023
USED TO GENERATE OVER 1300 

4779
03:33:58,023 --> 03:33:58,957
PUBLICATIONS TO DATE.

4780
03:33:58,957 --> 03:34:00,959
ADDITIONALLY OVER THE PAST THREE

4781
03:34:00,959 --> 03:34:03,028
YEARS THREES BEEN OVER 100% 

4782
03:34:03,028 --> 03:34:04,062
INCREASE IN THE AVERAGE NUMBER 

4783
03:34:04,062 --> 03:34:07,999
OF DATA REQUESTS PER MONTH.

4784
03:34:07,999 --> 03:34:13,338
WE'RE NOW AT MORE THAN 100.

4785
03:34:13,338 --> 03:34:16,775
MUCH OF THE DATA IS STANDARDIZED

4786
03:34:16,775 --> 03:34:20,512
AND THERE'S DATA DRIVEN STANDARD

4787
03:34:20,512 --> 03:34:22,914
ALIGNED WITH THE DEVELOPMENTS.

4788
03:34:22,914 --> 03:34:24,683
THE LATEST VERSION WILL NOW 

4789
03:34:24,683 --> 03:34:26,851
CAPTURE DATA ON USE OF DISEASE 

4790
03:34:26,851 --> 03:34:28,553
MODIFYING DRUGS, SOCIAL 

4791
03:34:28,553 --> 03:34:30,689
DETERMINATES OF HEALTH AND MILD 

4792
03:34:30,689 --> 03:34:32,257
BEHAVIORAL IMPAIRMENT, 

4793
03:34:32,257 --> 03:34:36,428
BIOMARKERS AND DIGITAL VOICE 

4794
03:34:36,428 --> 03:34:36,728
RECORDINGS.

4795
03:34:36,728 --> 03:34:38,697
OUR CURRENT TOOLS HAVE BEEN 

4796
03:34:38,697 --> 03:34:42,167
TRANSLATED INTO OVER 32 

4797
03:34:42,167 --> 03:34:43,368
LANGUAGES AND USED IN 140 

4798
03:34:43,368 --> 03:34:44,736
INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH STUDIES 

4799
03:34:44,736 --> 03:34:47,372
OVER THE PAST FIVE YEARS.

4800
03:34:47,372 --> 03:34:48,773
TO FURTHER EMPOWER THE RESEARCH 

4801
03:34:48,773 --> 03:34:52,177
COMMUNITY TO TACKLE THE MOST 

4802
03:34:52,177 --> 03:34:53,545
COMPLEX AND PRESSING CHALLENGES 

4803
03:34:53,545 --> 03:34:55,714
WE'VE ESTABLISHED A ONE STOP 

4804
03:34:55,714 --> 03:34:57,449
SHOP FOR PARTICIPANT DATA.

4805
03:34:57,449 --> 03:35:01,519
THE FLEXIBLE AND MODERN CLOUD 

4806
03:35:01,519 --> 03:35:04,456
BASED DATA PLATFORM IS MORE 

4807
03:35:04,456 --> 03:35:05,957
MULTI-MODAL AND INTEROPERABLE 

4808
03:35:05,957 --> 03:35:08,727
AND PROVIDES EASY ACCESS TO 

4809
03:35:08,727 --> 03:35:10,929
INCREASING QUANTITIES OF DATA 

4810
03:35:10,929 --> 03:35:13,264
STANDARDIZED AND HARMONIZED AND 

4811
03:35:13,264 --> 03:35:13,698
INTEGRATE.

4812
03:35:13,698 --> 03:35:17,502
GO TO NACC DATA DOT ORG TO LEARN

4813
03:35:17,502 --> 03:35:18,403
MORE.

4814
03:35:18,403 --> 03:35:24,376
WE MIGRATED OUR EXISTING DATA 

4815
03:35:24,376 --> 03:35:25,577
PLATFORM WITH PET DATA.

4816
03:35:25,577 --> 03:35:27,679
WE'RE ALSO IN THE PROCESS OF 

4817
03:35:27,679 --> 03:35:30,281
BUILDING OUT NEW PIPELINES TO 

4818
03:35:30,281 --> 03:35:33,818
INTEGRATE DIGITAL DATA AND 

4819
03:35:33,818 --> 03:35:35,754
BIOMARKERS AND E.H.R. AND CLAIMS

4820
03:35:35,754 --> 03:35:37,222
DATA.

4821
03:35:37,222 --> 03:35:41,226
WE'RE EXPANDING INTEROPERABILITY

4822
03:35:41,226 --> 03:35:47,966
TO INTEGRATE MORE MODALITIES.

4823
03:35:47,966 --> 03:35:52,737
SO FAR INCLUDES FLUID DATA AND 

4824
03:35:52,737 --> 03:35:54,873
MULTIOMICS DATA.

4825
03:35:54,873 --> 03:35:57,308
LASTLY, IT'S PROVIDING THE 

4826
03:35:57,308 --> 03:35:59,210
INFORMATICS AND INFRASTRUCTURE 

4827
03:35:59,210 --> 03:36:02,647
TO ENABLE MAJOR CROSS PROGRAM 

4828
03:36:02,647 --> 03:36:05,016
INITIATIVES SUCH AS SCAN AND 

4829
03:36:05,016 --> 03:36:05,316
CLARITY.

4830
03:36:05,316 --> 03:36:07,719
THIS TOO HAS MADE DATA STREAMS 

4831
03:36:07,719 --> 03:36:10,055
AVAILABLE INCLUDING AT 

4832
03:36:10,055 --> 03:36:15,827
STANDARDIZED MRI AND PET, FLUID 

4833
03:36:15,827 --> 03:36:17,262
BIOMARKER AND IT WILL SERVE AS A

4834
03:36:17,262 --> 03:36:21,666
ONE STOP SHOP FOR RESEARCHERS TO

4835
03:36:21,666 --> 03:36:23,368
SEARCH, VISUALIZE ALL MODALITIES

4836
03:36:23,368 --> 03:36:26,104
FOR PARTICIPANTS ACROSS 

4837
03:36:26,104 --> 03:36:26,438
REPOSITORIES.

4838
03:36:26,438 --> 03:36:29,307
THE DATA FRONT DOOR SELF-SERVICE

4839
03:36:29,307 --> 03:36:30,942
COMPONENTS INCLUDE QUICK ACCESS 

4840
03:36:30,942 --> 03:36:34,012
FILES, REAL TIME DASH BOARDS AND

4841
03:36:34,012 --> 03:36:36,147
SELECTION TOOL FOR BUILDING DATA

4842
03:36:36,147 --> 03:36:36,714
SETS.

4843
03:36:36,714 --> 03:36:39,651
WE'RE ALSO PILOTING A SECURE 

4844
03:36:39,651 --> 03:36:41,086
ENVIRONMENT WITH THE LINKAGE 

4845
03:36:41,086 --> 03:36:41,820
PLATFORM.

4846
03:36:41,820 --> 03:36:45,390
OUR QUICK ACCESS FILE ENABLES 

4847
03:36:45,390 --> 03:36:47,092
RESEARCHERS TO ACCESS DATA 

4848
03:36:47,092 --> 03:36:48,726
WITHIN 24 HOURS BY SIGNING A 

4849
03:36:48,726 --> 03:36:49,794
DATA USE AGREEMENT AND 

4850
03:36:49,794 --> 03:36:52,397
SUBMITTING A 15-MINUTE DATA 

4851
03:36:52,397 --> 03:36:52,730
REQUEST.

4852
03:36:52,730 --> 03:36:56,134
IT PROVIDES REAL TIME 

4853
03:36:56,134 --> 03:36:57,535
INFORMATION HOW MUCH MRI AND PET

4854
03:36:57,535 --> 03:36:59,537
DATA IS AVAILABLE.

4855
03:36:59,537 --> 03:37:01,439
OUR NEW NEW SECURE ENCLAVE 

4856
03:37:01,439 --> 03:37:03,675
ENABLES RESEARCHERS PART OF OUR 

4857
03:37:03,675 --> 03:37:07,679
PILOT STUDY TO ANALYZE E.H.R. 

4858
03:37:07,679 --> 03:37:10,849
AND CLAIMS DATA FROM CONCEPTS 

4859
03:37:10,849 --> 03:37:12,250
PARTICIPANTS.

4860
03:37:12,250 --> 03:37:13,418
OUR COHORT BROWSER TOOL ONLINE 

4861
03:37:13,418 --> 03:37:16,221
IN THE NEXT YEAR WILL ENABLE 

4862
03:37:16,221 --> 03:37:17,956
RESEARCHERS TO BUILD THEIR OWN 

4863
03:37:17,956 --> 03:37:19,924
MULTI-MODAL DATA SETS WITH 

4864
03:37:19,924 --> 03:37:21,292
PARTICIPANT DATA AVAILABLE ON 

4865
03:37:21,292 --> 03:37:23,161
THE PLATFORM OR PARTNER 

4866
03:37:23,161 --> 03:37:23,995
REPOSITORIES.

4867
03:37:23,995 --> 03:37:27,198
WE EXPECT MAKING ALL THESE DATA 

4868
03:37:27,198 --> 03:37:28,466
MODALITIES AVAILABLE FOR THE 

4869
03:37:28,466 --> 03:37:29,901
PARTICIPANTS WILL EMPOWER 

4870
03:37:29,901 --> 03:37:30,935
RESEARCHERS TO ANSWER NEW 

4871
03:37:30,935 --> 03:37:36,741
QUESTIONS TO ADVANCE THE FIELD.

4872
03:37:36,741 --> 03:37:39,244
AND DE-UTILIZATION.

4873
03:37:39,244 --> 03:37:41,746
WE'RE TALKING NEARLY 20,000 

4874
03:37:41,746 --> 03:37:42,480
PARTICIPANTS WITH MORE THAN 12 

4875
03:37:42,480 --> 03:37:45,150
DATA TYPES AVAILABLE FOR EACH.

4876
03:37:45,150 --> 03:37:48,019
I'M ALSO SXIETED TO SHARE HOW WE

4877
03:37:48,019 --> 03:37:49,787
PLAN TO FURTHER LEVERAGE DATA TO

4878
03:37:49,787 --> 03:37:50,655
DRIVE DISCOVERY AND TRANSLATION 

4879
03:37:50,655 --> 03:37:54,425
AS PART OF OUR RENEWAL 

4880
03:37:54,425 --> 03:37:54,726
APPLICATION.

4881
03:37:54,726 --> 03:37:55,860
WE'LL LAUNCH A RESEARCH 

4882
03:37:55,860 --> 03:37:58,196
NAVIGATOR TEAM TO SUPPORT 

4883
03:37:58,196 --> 03:38:00,732
RESEARCHERS IN MATCHING THE DATA

4884
03:38:00,732 --> 03:38:02,567
TO QUESTIONS AND PROVIDER 

4885
03:38:02,567 --> 03:38:04,736
ONRAMPS TO RESPONSIBLE A.I.

4886
03:38:04,736 --> 03:38:06,871
WE'LL FACILITATE COMPUTATIONAL 

4887
03:38:06,871 --> 03:38:09,674
ANALYSIS BY PROVIDING A SECURE 

4888
03:38:09,674 --> 03:38:11,609
ENVIRONMENT EQUIPPED WITH BUILT 

4889
03:38:11,609 --> 03:38:13,611
IN TOOLS LIKE JUPYTER NOTEBOOKS 

4890
03:38:13,611 --> 03:38:15,880
AND GPUs AVAILABLE TO DEVELOP 

4891
03:38:15,880 --> 03:38:20,618
AND TEST ALGORITHMS TO 

4892
03:38:20,618 --> 03:38:22,086
SUBSIDIZED FEE FOR SERVICE MOLE 

4893
03:38:22,086 --> 03:38:25,356
AND THE ENCLAVE WILL ENABLE 

4894
03:38:25,356 --> 03:38:26,558
DISCOVERIES THROUGH 

4895
03:38:26,558 --> 03:38:27,692
COLLABORATION WITH PARTNERS AND 

4896
03:38:27,692 --> 03:38:29,427
GATE VENTURES AND CATTLE AND 

4897
03:38:29,427 --> 03:38:31,229
SAGE BIO NETWORKS.

4898
03:38:31,229 --> 03:38:36,167
TO SUPPORT TRANSPARENT, 

4899
03:38:36,167 --> 03:38:38,336
RESPONSIBLE AND EXPLAINABLE 

4900
03:38:38,336 --> 03:38:40,405
RESEARCH IT WILL PARTNER TO HAVE

4901
03:38:40,405 --> 03:38:44,108
AN OPEN REPOSITORY OF A.I. 

4902
03:38:44,108 --> 03:38:44,409
ALGORITHMS.

4903
03:38:44,409 --> 03:38:46,244
IT WILL ENABLE THE RESEARCH 

4904
03:38:46,244 --> 03:38:50,682
COMMUNITY TO VALIDATE ALGORITHMS

4905
03:38:50,682 --> 03:38:54,552
CONDUCT DEEPER MULE TIE MODEL 

4906
03:38:54,552 --> 03:38:56,754
ANALYSIS AND TEST DIFFERENT 

4907
03:38:56,754 --> 03:38:58,756
POPULATIONS AN SAVE RESOURCES BY

4908
03:38:58,756 --> 03:39:00,225
ENABLING RESEARCHERS TO BUILD 

4909
03:39:00,225 --> 03:39:02,460
OFF EACH OTHER TOOLS RATHER THAN

4910
03:39:02,460 --> 03:39:03,695
RECREATING THE WHEEL.

4911
03:39:03,695 --> 03:39:05,863
WE HOPE THESE INITIATIVES WILL 

4912
03:39:05,863 --> 03:39:07,565
FURTHER DEMOCRATIZE AND BUILD 

4913
03:39:07,565 --> 03:39:08,199
TRUST IN THE RESEARCH.

4914
03:39:08,199 --> 03:39:10,168
>> THANK YOU.

4915
03:39:10,168 --> 03:39:15,673
OUR NEXT SPEAKER IS ANDY SAKIN 

4916
03:39:15,673 --> 03:39:19,544
FROM INDIANA UNIVERSITY.

4917
03:39:19,544 --> 03:39:21,145
>> WE'VE BEEN HEARING
ABOUT A 

4918
03:39:21,145 --> 03:39:23,114
TREMENDOUS VOLUME OF DATA FOR 

4919
03:39:23,114 --> 03:39:25,683
TWO AND A HALF DAYS ESPECIALLY 

4920
03:39:25,683 --> 03:39:27,385
IN THIS SESSION.

4921
03:39:27,385 --> 03:39:28,219
JUST EXTRAORDINARY.

4922
03:39:28,219 --> 03:39:30,154
IT USED TO BE WHAT MY COLLEAGUE 

4923
03:39:30,154 --> 03:39:35,226
CALLED DATA PENIA AND HAVE RAIN 

4924
03:39:35,226 --> 03:39:37,328
EXPLOSION OF EXTREMELY VALUABLE 

4925
03:39:37,328 --> 03:39:37,528
DATA.

4926
03:39:37,528 --> 03:39:39,697
HOW DO WE ANALYZE AND EXTRACT 

4927
03:39:39,697 --> 03:39:41,599
THE IMPORTANT INFORMATION FROM 

4928
03:39:41,599 --> 03:39:43,901
THIS COMPLEX MATRIX?

4929
03:39:43,901 --> 03:39:46,537
HOW DO WE PUT CUTTING PLANES TO 

4930
03:39:46,537 --> 03:39:48,740
THE HAIR BALL OF THE 

4931
03:39:48,740 --> 03:39:52,744
CONNECTIVITY OF THE DATA 

4932
03:39:52,744 --> 03:39:53,845
DIFFERENT SETS?

4933
03:39:53,845 --> 03:39:56,147
ONE IMPORTANT PROGRAM TRYING TO 

4934
03:39:56,147 --> 03:39:57,115
BRING ADVANCED ANALYTIC 

4935
03:39:57,115 --> 03:40:00,718
STRATEGIES TO THE FIELD IS A.I. 

4936
03:40:00,718 --> 03:40:03,454
AND MACHINE LEARNING CONSORTIUM.

4937
03:40:03,454 --> 03:40:05,757
I MENTIONED GIVING A TELEGRAPHIC

4938
03:40:05,757 --> 03:40:07,725
DESCRIPTION OF THE GENETICS 

4939
03:40:07,725 --> 03:40:12,497
INITIATIVES ON MONDAY, THAT WAS 

4940
03:40:12,497 --> 03:40:14,299
ADDED LATER IN THE GAME OF 2021.

4941
03:40:14,299 --> 03:40:16,167
THE FIRST TWO PROJECTS AND 

4942
03:40:16,167 --> 03:40:17,235
THERE'S A LIST IN THE UPPER 

4943
03:40:17,235 --> 03:40:20,738
CORNER OF THE EIGHT PROGRAMS 

4944
03:40:20,738 --> 03:40:22,340
FUNNED THROUGH THE INITIATIVE.

4945
03:40:22,340 --> 03:40:25,043
THE FIRST TWO INCLUDING WHAT WE 

4946
03:40:25,043 --> 03:40:28,079
CALL A.I. FOR AD CONSORTIUM WITH

4947
03:40:28,079 --> 03:40:32,950
FIVE P.I.s AND MANY OTHER 

4948
03:40:32,950 --> 03:40:35,086
INVESTIGATORS WAS FUNDED AND 

4949
03:40:35,086 --> 03:40:35,687
ANOTHER AND SIX ADDITIONAL 

4950
03:40:35,687 --> 03:40:41,826
JOINED A YEAR LATER.

4951
03:40:41,826 --> 03:40:45,330
WITH HAVE REGULAR MEETINGS AND 

4952
03:40:45,330 --> 03:40:46,431
DO DATA SHARING CROSS GROUPS 

4953
03:40:46,431 --> 03:40:46,964
WHICH HAS BEEN EXCITING.

4954
03:40:46,964 --> 03:40:52,704
I WANTED TO GIVE A FEEL FOR SOME

4955
03:40:52,704 --> 03:40:55,106
OF THE WORK GOING ON.

4956
03:40:55,106 --> 03:41:00,745
ONE OF THE MAJOR FOES DID BE 

4957
03:41:00,745 --> 03:41:05,817
FOSI IS THE IMAGING AND FLUID 

4958
03:41:05,817 --> 03:41:08,186
BIOMARKERS AND SO ON.

4959
03:41:08,186 --> 03:41:10,988
THE CONSORTIUM FOR PHENOTYPE 

4960
03:41:10,988 --> 03:41:12,657
HARMONIZATION CAME A YEAR INTO 

4961
03:41:12,657 --> 03:41:12,857
THIS.

4962
03:41:12,857 --> 03:41:18,930
WE HAD TO START AND DO SOME OF 

4963
03:41:18,930 --> 03:41:22,400
THIS WITHIN A.I. M.L. AND DO 

4964
03:41:22,400 --> 03:41:30,341
THIS ON A LARGE SCALE BASIS.

4965
03:41:30,341 --> 03:41:35,413
TAKING IMAGE WE CAN USE DEEP 

4966
03:41:35,413 --> 03:41:37,215
LEARNING APPROACHES AND ASK THE 

4967
03:41:37,215 --> 03:41:39,684
INFORMATIVE FEATURES AND DOING 

4968
03:41:39,684 --> 03:41:42,620
GROUP ANALYSES AND VARIOUS 

4969
03:41:42,620 --> 03:41:44,055
STRATEGIES BUT NOW WE HAVE OTHER

4970
03:41:44,055 --> 03:41:46,858
TOOLS THAT COULD TELL US WHAT 

4971
03:41:46,858 --> 03:41:48,659
FEATURES MAY BE MAXIMALLY INFORM

4972
03:41:48,659 --> 03:41:51,896
AND MAY SERVE AS BETTER 

4973
03:41:51,896 --> 03:41:52,997
PHENOTYPES FOR CLINICAL TRIALS 

4974
03:41:52,997 --> 03:41:55,166
AND SO ON.

4975
03:41:55,166 --> 03:41:59,203
IN THE UPPER RIGHT IS AN EXAMPLE

4976
03:41:59,203 --> 03:42:00,805
OF ANALYSIS OF TAU PET BY DEEP 

4977
03:42:00,805 --> 03:42:07,745
LEARNING AT INDIANA UNIVERSITY.

4978
03:42:07,745 --> 03:42:10,615
THE LOWER IMAGE SHOWS A 

4979
03:42:10,615 --> 03:42:11,282
CONVENTIONAL GROUP ANALYSIS WITH

4980
03:42:11,282 --> 03:42:11,883
TAU PET.

4981
03:42:11,883 --> 03:42:15,653
THE UPPER IMAGE IS WHAT A DEEP 

4982
03:42:15,653 --> 03:42:18,055
LEARNING ALGORITHM IDENTIFIES AS

4983
03:42:18,055 --> 03:42:22,994
THE MOST INFORMATIVE FEATURE 

4984
03:42:22,994 --> 03:42:26,697
AREA AROUND THE INTER-RHINAL 

4985
03:42:26,697 --> 03:42:30,134
CORTEX AND MAY BE A BETTER 

4986
03:42:30,134 --> 03:42:32,737
PHENOTYPE.

4987
03:42:32,737 --> 03:42:35,239
WE HAVE 3 BILLION BASE CARES OF 

4988
03:42:35,239 --> 03:42:39,277
PAIRS IN THE GENOME AND 60,000 

4989
03:42:39,277 --> 03:42:41,045
GENOMES BY THE RELEASE THIS YEAR

4990
03:42:41,045 --> 03:42:42,780
AND ANOTHER 80,000 THE YEAR 

4991
03:42:42,780 --> 03:42:42,980
AFTER.

4992
03:42:42,980 --> 03:42:46,384
HOW DO WE INTERROGATE 3 BILLION 

4993
03:42:46,384 --> 03:42:48,920
BASES TIMES 80,000 INDIVIDUALS 

4994
03:42:48,920 --> 03:42:54,392
OR MORE AGGREGATING DATA FROM 

4995
03:42:54,392 --> 03:42:55,760
U.K. BIO BANK AND OTHER 

4996
03:42:55,760 --> 03:42:57,161
SEQUENCING SOURCES?

4997
03:42:57,161 --> 03:42:59,530
ONE WAY IS TO USE DEEP LEARNING 

4998
03:42:59,530 --> 03:43:01,399
APPROACHES OR LARGE LANGUAGE 

4999
03:43:01,399 --> 03:43:02,967
MODEL STRATEGIES.

5000
03:43:02,967 --> 03:43:04,735
ONE EXAMPLE SHOWN IN THE LOWER 

5001
03:43:04,735 --> 03:43:08,739
LEFT PANEL WAS SOMETHING WE 

5002
03:43:08,739 --> 03:43:11,409
CALLED SWAT CNN A SLIDING WINDOW

5003
03:43:11,409 --> 03:43:16,547
THROUGH THE GENOME AND DOES 

5004
03:43:16,547 --> 03:43:18,216
CONVOLUTIONAL ANALYSIS TO FIND 

5005
03:43:18,216 --> 03:43:18,850
INFORMATIVE FEATURES AND GETTING

5006
03:43:18,850 --> 03:43:26,991
COMPARED TO THE

5007
03:43:26,991 --> 03:43:27,158
 AT

5008
03:43:27,158 --> 03:43:28,292
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA

5009
03:43:28,292 --> 03:43:30,061
STUDY PUBLISHED IN NATURE

5010
03:43:30,061 --> 03:43:31,562
COMMUNICATIONS EARLIER THIS

5011
03:43:31,562 --> 03:43:34,198
YEAR BY YAN ET AL, LOOKED AT

5012
03:43:34,198 --> 03:43:38,369
MRI FROM 28,000 INDIVIDUALS

5013
03:43:38,369 --> 03:43:43,307
AND LOOKED FOR MOLECULAR

5014
03:43:43,307 --> 03:43:46,410
SUBTYPES, MORPHOLOGIC

5015
03:43:46,410 --> 03:43:48,045
SUBTYPES MAXIMALLY

5016
03:43:48,045 --> 03:43:50,715
ASSOCIATED WITH GENETIC DATA

5017
03:43:50,715 --> 03:43:52,617
AND FOUND FOUR SUBTYPES.

5018
03:43:52,617 --> 03:43:54,619
THERE'S MANY WAYS TO SLIGHTS

5019
03:43:54,619 --> 03:43:56,921
THEM UP, WE NEED TO FIND THE

5020
03:43:56,921 --> 03:43:58,222
MOST ACTIONABLE AS WE TALKED

5021
03:43:58,222 --> 03:43:59,290
ABOUT MONDAY. THIS IS A

5022
03:43:59,290 --> 03:44:01,592
STRATEGY FOR EXTRACTING THE

5023
03:44:01,592 --> 03:44:02,760
INFORMATIVE INFORMATION FROM

5024
03:44:02,760 --> 03:44:03,995
VERY LARGE VERY HIGH

5025
03:44:03,995 --> 03:44:06,397
DIMENSIONAL DATA SETS. AND

5026
03:44:06,397 --> 03:44:08,566
WE'LL HAVE MUCH PROMISE. ONE

5027
03:44:08,566 --> 03:44:09,567
IMPORTANT PRINCIPLE THOUGH

5028
03:44:09,567 --> 03:44:11,068
IS WE CAN'T JUST RUN THIS AS

5029
03:44:11,068 --> 03:44:12,203
A BLACK BOX THROW THINGS

5030
03:44:12,203 --> 03:44:13,804
INTO THE HOPPER AND SEE WHAT

5031
03:44:13,804 --> 03:44:16,374
COMES OUT OF THE OTHER END

5032
03:44:16,374 --> 03:44:17,675
AND WHAT ARE THESE

5033
03:44:17,675 --> 03:44:19,410
MULTI-LAYERED NETWORK ANAL

5034
03:44:19,410 --> 03:44:20,478
SEE. WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND

5035
03:44:20,478 --> 03:44:22,213
WHY THEY, WHO.  IF I FINDS A

5036
03:44:22,213 --> 03:44:24,115
DRUG TARGET WHICH IS DRUG

5037
03:44:24,115 --> 03:44:26,117
REPURPOSING TARGET ONE OF

5038
03:44:26,117 --> 03:44:27,351
THE STRATEGIES THAT

5039
03:44:27,351 --> 03:44:28,786
(INDISCERNIBLE) IS LEADING

5040
03:44:28,786 --> 03:44:29,287
FOR THE GROUP OR FINDS

5041
03:44:29,287 --> 03:44:32,657
INFORMATIVE REGION, OR A NEW

5042
03:44:32,657 --> 03:44:34,125
GENETIC LOCI THAT'S

5043
03:44:34,125 --> 03:44:34,959
DETECTED, WE HAVE TO

5044
03:44:34,959 --> 03:44:36,460
UNDERSTAND WHY IT WORKS. SO

5045
03:44:36,460 --> 03:44:38,729
WE NEED MAXIMALLY

5046
03:44:38,729 --> 03:44:40,197
INFORMATIVE OPEN STRATEGIES

5047
03:44:40,197 --> 03:44:42,199
FOR THAT. THAT'S A MAJOR

5048
03:44:42,199 --> 03:44:44,101
PRINCIPLE FOR THE GROUP.  I

5049
03:44:44,101 --> 03:44:46,370
WILL STOP THERE. BUT I THINK

5050
03:44:46,370 --> 03:44:47,805
YOU CAN SEE THE POTENTIAL

5051
03:44:47,805 --> 03:44:50,207
PROMISE OF THESE APPROACHES

5052
03:44:50,207 --> 03:44:51,576
AND CONSORTIUMS.

5053
03:44:51,576 --> 03:44:55,246
>> THANK YOU, DR. SAYKIN.
OUR

5054
03:44:55,246 --> 03:44:59,116
NEXT SPEAKER IS DR. EUGENE

5055
03:44:59,116 --> 03:45:03,120
HINDERER FROM TUFTS UNIVERSITY. 

5056
03:45:03,120 --> 03:45:06,691
>> THANKS. GOOD AFTERNOON.
MY

5057
03:45:06,691 --> 03:45:08,826
NAME IS EUGENE HINDERER, FROM

5058
03:45:08,826 --> 03:45:11,095
TUFTS CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL

5059
03:45:11,095 --> 03:45:13,264
SCIENCE INSTITUTE. SINCE 2019

5060
03:45:13,264 --> 03:45:15,166
OUR TEAM HAS BEEN HARD AT WORK

5061
03:45:15,166 --> 03:45:17,335
DEVELOPING TAP DISCOVERY. AI

5062
03:45:17,335 --> 03:45:18,803
PLACED PLATFORM FOR MULTI-SCALE

5063
03:45:18,803 --> 03:45:20,471
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY DATA

5064
03:45:20,471 --> 03:45:22,707
ANALYSIS, AUTOMATED DATA MINING,

5065
03:45:22,707 --> 03:45:24,809
AND KNOWLEDGE ENHANCED MACHINE

5066
03:45:24,809 --> 03:45:26,877
LEARNING. OUR AIM IS TO PROVIDE

5067
03:45:26,877 --> 03:45:28,446
ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS WITH

5068
03:45:28,446 --> 03:45:30,014
COMMERCIAL GRADE TOOLS AN

5069
03:45:30,014 --> 03:45:31,449
INNOVATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE TO

5070
03:45:31,449 --> 03:45:34,218
ACCELERATE RESEARCH AND CREATE

5071
03:45:34,218 --> 03:45:36,687
ACTIONABLE METRICAL DISCOVERIES.

5072
03:45:36,687 --> 03:45:38,990
FIRST AND MOST MOW WE DESIGNED

5073
03:45:38,990 --> 03:45:40,324
AN OPEN SCIENCE PLATFORM WITH

5074
03:45:40,324 --> 03:45:43,094
FEATURES AND PERFORMANCE OF

5075
03:45:43,094 --> 03:45:44,528
COMMERCIAL GRADE INFORMATICS

5076
03:45:44,528 --> 03:45:46,864
SYSTEM. TO NAME MANY KEY ASPECTS

5077
03:45:46,864 --> 03:45:48,733
OF THIS PLATFORM FIRST IT IS

5078
03:45:48,733 --> 03:45:51,569
DESIGNED FOR ALL TYPES OF U

5079
03:45:51,569 --> 03:45:52,903
CRUISERS FROM CLINICS EYE

5080
03:45:52,903 --> 03:45:54,472
BIOLOGISTS TO CHEMISTS.  T IT

5081
03:45:54,472 --> 03:45:56,107
INCLUDES SEAMLESS ACTS IS TO

5082
03:45:56,107 --> 03:45:57,341
BILLIONS OF KNOWLEDGE

5083
03:45:57,341 --> 03:45:58,876
ASSOCIATIONS FOR USER IN YOUR

5084
03:45:58,876 --> 03:46:02,079
MODELS, CONTAINS DATA RANGELING

5085
03:46:02,079 --> 03:46:03,180
TOOLS WITH INTERNAL CALL CHECKS,

5086
03:46:03,180 --> 03:46:04,815
USE BEST IN CLASS MACHINE

5087
03:46:04,815 --> 03:46:09,220
LEARNING MODELS TO HANDLE

5088
03:46:09,220 --> 03:46:11,722
MULTI-SCALE CLINICAL OMIC AND

5089
03:46:11,722 --> 03:46:13,691
IMAGING DATA USED TOGETHER IN A

5090
03:46:13,691 --> 03:46:17,028
MODEL THAT GOES BEYONDS COMMON

5091
03:46:17,028 --> 03:46:19,563
MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS TO

5092
03:46:19,563 --> 03:46:20,965
ADAPT WORKLOADS AND MILLION

5093
03:46:20,965 --> 03:46:23,300
SCALE REASONING. ALLOWING DATA

5094
03:46:23,300 --> 03:46:27,505
DRIVEN MULTI-SCALE ANALYTICS AND

5095
03:46:27,505 --> 03:46:29,974
BIOMEMECAL INFORMATICS IN ONE

5096
03:46:29,974 --> 03:46:32,543
DISCOVERY. WHAT WE CALL THE

5097
03:46:32,543 --> 03:46:35,646
VIRTUOUS LOOP AT TOP RIGHT. TAP

5098
03:46:35,646 --> 03:46:37,982
DISCOVERY ALSO SAVES WORKLOADS

5099
03:46:37,982 --> 03:46:39,717
TO USE WITH EXISTING DATA SETS

5100
03:46:39,717 --> 03:46:41,385
FOR REPRODUCIBILITY AND NEW DATA

5101
03:46:41,385 --> 03:46:42,386
SETS FOR EXPERIMENTAL

5102
03:46:42,386 --> 03:46:44,789
CONSISTENCY. TO SHARE WITH

5103
03:46:44,789 --> 03:46:47,091
COLLABORATORS.  EVERYTHING TO

5104
03:46:47,091 --> 03:46:47,725
REINFORCE BEST SCIENTIFIC

5105
03:46:47,725 --> 03:46:49,827
PRACTICES.  FOR ADVANCED

5106
03:46:49,827 --> 03:46:52,630
ANALYSIS, A PLATFORM INCLUDES

5107
03:46:52,630 --> 03:46:53,931
INTEGRATED EXMANGE AI METHODS,

5108
03:46:53,931 --> 03:46:55,900
WHAT IF SCREENS AND AUTOED MATED

5109
03:46:55,900 --> 03:46:58,002
RURAL GENERATOR ON COUNTER

5110
03:46:58,002 --> 03:47:00,671
FACTUALS.  WE INCLUDED

5111
03:47:00,671 --> 03:47:01,338
BIOINFORMATICS INDIVIDUALS TO

5112
03:47:01,338 --> 03:47:03,541
ASSIST USER IN UNDERSTANDING AND

5113
03:47:03,541 --> 03:47:05,309
SHARING RESULTS 6789 DOMAIN

5114
03:47:05,309 --> 03:47:07,478
SPECIFIC TOOLS LIKE GENOME

5115
03:47:07,478 --> 03:47:10,047
BROWSERS, VIEWERS CHEMICAL EDIT

5116
03:47:10,047 --> 03:47:11,682
TORRS AND PATHWAY VISUALS.  ALL

5117
03:47:11,682 --> 03:47:14,218
LIVE LINKERRED WITHIN ALL AI AND

5118
03:47:14,218 --> 03:47:16,454
ML RESULTS AND BIOCHEMICAL

5119
03:47:16,454 --> 03:47:18,355
INFORMATICS CAPABILITIES.  IN

5120
03:47:18,355 --> 03:47:21,425
ADDITION, USER DEFINED KNOWLEDGE

5121
03:47:21,425 --> 03:47:23,227
GRAFTS SUPPORTED BY INTERNAL

5122
03:47:23,227 --> 03:47:24,562
KNOWLEDGE REPOSITORY OF OPEN

5123
03:47:24,562 --> 03:47:25,996
SCIENCE KNOWLEDGE HELP PLACE

5124
03:47:25,996 --> 03:47:27,031
RESULTS IN CONTEXT OF DISEASE

5125
03:47:27,031 --> 03:47:29,467
AND PHENOTYPES, PATHWAYS AND

5126
03:47:29,467 --> 03:47:30,601
HALLMARKS, AND ALL THE WAY DOWN

5127
03:47:30,601 --> 03:47:32,503
TO PROTEINS AND CHEMICALS AND

5128
03:47:32,503 --> 03:47:35,906
PROCESSES.  THIS AGE

5129
03:47:35,906 --> 03:47:36,941
UNDERSTANDING GIVING NEXT STEPS

5130
03:47:36,941 --> 03:47:38,843
TO EXPLORATION TOWARDS NEW

5131
03:47:38,843 --> 03:47:40,177
DISCOVERIES.  LASTLY, TWO

5132
03:47:40,177 --> 03:47:42,413
FEATURES THAT ARE ON THE HORIZON

5133
03:47:42,413 --> 03:47:44,582
BEFORE U OUR Q1 PUBLIC REELS

5134
03:47:44,582 --> 03:47:46,784
WILL INCLUDE ADDING POWERFUL LLM

5135
03:47:46,784 --> 03:47:48,519
CAPABILITIES TO FURTHER ENHANCE

5136
03:47:48,519 --> 03:47:49,987
EXPLANATION AND CONTEXT

5137
03:47:49,987 --> 03:47:52,490
BUILDING, AND FEATURES TO

5138
03:47:52,490 --> 03:47:53,424
AUTOMATICICALLY GENERATE METHOD

5139
03:47:53,424 --> 03:47:55,626
SECTION IN SUPPORTING FIGURES TO

5140
03:47:55,626 --> 03:47:58,662
ASSIST IN EASE OF PUBLICATIONS.

5141
03:47:58,662 --> 03:48:00,598
TO FULLY APPRECIATE TAP

5142
03:48:00,598 --> 03:48:01,832
DISCOVERIES CAPABILITIES I WANT

5143
03:48:01,832 --> 03:48:03,934
TO POINT OUT BUN OF OUR PILOT

5144
03:48:03,934 --> 03:48:05,402
PROJECTS, WHICH IDENTIFIED

5145
03:48:05,402 --> 03:48:06,537
POTENTIAL DRUG TARGETS

5146
03:48:06,537 --> 03:48:08,405
ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANT

5147
03:48:08,405 --> 03:48:09,106
COGNITIVE DECLINE IN

5148
03:48:09,106 --> 03:48:13,677
ALZHEIMERALZHEIMER'SDISEASE. WEA

5149
03:48:13,677 --> 03:48:19,483
FROM THE ROZ MAP STUDIES MOST

5150
03:48:19,483 --> 03:48:21,418
MODEM RNA SEQ DEMOGRAPHICS AND

5151
03:48:21,418 --> 03:48:23,921
COGNITIVE DECLINE ASSESSMENTS

5152
03:48:23,921 --> 03:48:26,056
FROM 146 INDIVIDUALS AND

5153
03:48:26,056 --> 03:48:28,025
CONTAINED OVER 56,000 FEATURE

5154
03:48:28,025 --> 03:48:28,559
VARIABLES.

5155
03:48:28,559 --> 03:48:31,562
WE TRAIN NINE MACHINE LEARNING

5156
03:48:31,562 --> 03:48:32,797
ALGORITHMS WITH HYPERFEATURE

5157
03:48:32,797 --> 03:48:35,232
OPTS MYIZATION WITH SELECTED

5158
03:48:35,232 --> 03:48:37,168
PREDICTIVE AND HIGH COGNITIVE

5159
03:48:37,168 --> 03:48:39,069
DECLINE AMONG SUBJECTS. WHILE WE

5160
03:48:39,069 --> 03:48:40,371
IDENTIFIED MANY DISEASE RELATED

5161
03:48:40,371 --> 03:48:41,705
FEATURES THE SYSTEM FLAGGED ONE

5162
03:48:41,705 --> 03:48:43,274
FEATURE CONSISTENTLY ACROSS THE

5163
03:48:43,274 --> 03:48:45,176
NINE MODELS WHICH WAS THE

5164
03:48:45,176 --> 03:48:48,479
EXPRESSION OF GENE CALLED

5165
03:48:48,479 --> 03:48:51,248
QUINNOID DIQDPR. MORE ON THAT IN

5166
03:48:51,248 --> 03:48:52,583
A MOMENT. USING THE PLATFORM

5167
03:48:52,583 --> 03:48:55,553
CAPABILITIES I MENTIONED

5168
03:48:55,553 --> 03:48:56,687
EARLIER, WE WERE ABLE TO

5169
03:48:56,687 --> 03:48:57,721
INVESTIGATE OUR RESULTS IN REAL

5170
03:48:57,721 --> 03:48:59,089
TIME RATHER THAN NEEDING TO END

5171
03:48:59,089 --> 03:49:00,891
THE STORY HERE OR MOVE TO

5172
03:49:00,891 --> 03:49:04,495
EXTERNAL TOOLS. USING OUR

5173
03:49:04,495 --> 03:49:07,698
MATHEMATICAL H H EQUIPOISE SCRE,

5174
03:49:07,698 --> 03:49:09,366
WE EXAMINE THE MODEL CONFIDENCE

5175
03:49:09,366 --> 03:49:10,835
AND PREDICTIONS ALLOWING US TO

5176
03:49:10,835 --> 03:49:12,970
UNDERSTAND THE ROBUSTNESS OF OUR

5177
03:49:12,970 --> 03:49:15,272
MODEL. WE USE PLATFORMS RURAL

5178
03:49:15,272 --> 03:49:17,174
GENERATOR FEATURE TO IDENTIFY

5179
03:49:17,174 --> 03:49:21,111
MINIMUM SET OF RULES BE MINIMUM

5180
03:49:21,111 --> 03:49:22,246
PERTURBATIONS TO CHANGE

5181
03:49:22,246 --> 03:49:23,581
PRETICKETED OUTCOMES.  THE

5182
03:49:23,581 --> 03:49:25,449
CLINICAL OBSERVATION OF COG ANY

5183
03:49:25,449 --> 03:49:27,651
GIVE DECLINE. WE EXPLORED GENES

5184
03:49:27,651 --> 03:49:29,320
LIKE REQUEST,DPR, RELATE TO

5185
03:49:29,320 --> 03:49:31,222
KNOWN PHENOTYPES PATHWAYS SMALL

5186
03:49:31,222 --> 03:49:33,023
MOLECULE LIGANDS, USING OUR

5187
03:49:33,023 --> 03:49:34,658
KNOWLEDGE GRAPH TOOL, WHICH

5188
03:49:34,658 --> 03:49:36,994
GIVES US BETTER INSIGHT IN TO

5189
03:49:36,994 --> 03:49:39,096
POSSIBLE DISEASE MECHANISMS.  

5190
03:49:39,096 --> 03:49:42,266
OUR NETWORK GRAPH ALLOWED TO

5191
03:49:42,266 --> 03:49:43,734
FURTHER VISUALIZE COMMONALITIES

5192
03:49:43,734 --> 03:49:45,402
AMONG SHARED GENE FEATURES,

5193
03:49:45,402 --> 03:49:46,637
CELLULAR LOCATION AND REGULATORY

5194
03:49:46,637 --> 03:49:48,973
PROCESSES.  AND THIS IS CRITICAL

5195
03:49:48,973 --> 03:49:51,308
FOR ZEROING MECHANISMS AT PLAY

5196
03:49:51,308 --> 03:49:52,543
THAT INVOLVE OUR TARGET FEATURES

5197
03:49:52,543 --> 03:49:54,345
IN THE CONTEXT OF ALZHEIMER'S

5198
03:49:54,345 --> 03:49:57,648
PATHOLOGY.  FINALLY, WE USE MANY

5199
03:49:57,648 --> 03:49:59,149
DOMAIN STANDARD BIOINFORMATICS

5200
03:49:59,149 --> 03:50:00,818
TOOLS INCLUDING A GENOME BROWSER

5201
03:50:00,818 --> 03:50:03,053
CHEMICAL VIEWER AND EDITOR AND

5202
03:50:03,053 --> 03:50:04,488
3-D PROTEIN VISUALIZER TO

5203
03:50:04,488 --> 03:50:05,689
FURTHER EXPLORE AND VET OUR

5204
03:50:05,689 --> 03:50:08,759
MODELS. CIRCLING BACK TO

5205
03:50:08,759 --> 03:50:10,561
IDENTIFICATION OF QDPR, WE WERE

5206
03:50:10,561 --> 03:50:12,263
ABLE TO USE THE TOOLS I JUST

5207
03:50:12,263 --> 03:50:14,231
DESCRIBED ALONG WITH THE

5208
03:50:14,231 --> 03:50:15,933
TRANSCRIPTOMICS MODEL OF AD TO

5209
03:50:15,933 --> 03:50:17,935
IMPLICATE KEY COMPONENTS OF THE

5210
03:50:17,935 --> 03:50:19,470
OXIDATIVE STRESS RESPONSE AND

5211
03:50:19,470 --> 03:50:20,471
MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION AS

5212
03:50:20,471 --> 03:50:22,573
DRIVING FACTORS FOR OUR COG I

5213
03:50:22,573 --> 03:50:24,575
INTIVE DECLINE IN OUR MODEL.

5214
03:50:24,575 --> 03:50:26,010
PROMISINGLY A PARALLEL STUDY

5215
03:50:26,010 --> 03:50:28,112
CONNECTED BY MIT INVESTIGATING

5216
03:50:28,112 --> 03:50:29,313
SINGLE CELL TRANSCRIPT OMICS

5217
03:50:29,313 --> 03:50:32,783
USING THE SAME CORTAID FEWED

5218
03:50:32,783 --> 03:50:34,785
QDPR AS ONE OF FOUR GENES

5219
03:50:34,785 --> 03:50:35,886
EXPRESSION SIGNATURES

5220
03:50:35,886 --> 03:50:37,454
CONSISTENTLY DEFINED A

5221
03:50:37,454 --> 03:50:40,090
SUBPOPULATION OF PATHOLOGICAL

5222
03:50:40,090 --> 03:50:41,358
OLIGODENDROCYTES IN ALZHEIMER'S

5223
03:50:41,358 --> 03:50:43,794
POSITIVE SUBJECTS. SO TO

5224
03:50:43,794 --> 03:50:45,863
CONCLUDE, AS AI ENABLED

5225
03:50:45,863 --> 03:50:47,665
TECHNOLOGY IS LIKE TAP DISCOVERY

5226
03:50:47,665 --> 03:50:50,034
CONTINUE TO EVOLVE AND ENTER THE

5227
03:50:50,034 --> 03:50:51,302
MAINSTREAM, WE BELIEVE THEY WILL

5228
03:50:51,302 --> 03:50:53,370
DRIVE ACCELERATED INSIGHT AND

5229
03:50:53,370 --> 03:50:54,738
ACTIONABLE INFORMATION. WHAT WE

5230
03:50:54,738 --> 03:50:57,508
LIKE TO CALL AI 3. WE BELIEVE

5231
03:50:57,508 --> 03:50:59,276
TAP DISCOVERY IS A PIONEER IN

5232
03:50:59,276 --> 03:51:01,512
THIS REGARDS. AND WE PREPARE TO

5233
03:51:01,512 --> 03:51:03,080
GO LIVE -- I'M SORRY. WE INVITE

5234
03:51:03,080 --> 03:51:06,550
YOU TO JOIN US IN THIS CHART.

5235
03:51:06,550 --> 03:51:07,351
THANK YOU.

5236
03:51:07,351 --> 03:51:16,727
>> THANK YOU.  SO NOW WE
WOULD

5237
03:51:16,727 --> 03:51:20,130
LIKE TO DESCRIBE SOME OF THE

5238
03:51:20,130 --> 03:51:21,265
GAPS AND OPPORTUNITIES THIS

5239
03:51:21,265 --> 03:51:24,868
GROUP OF EXPERTS IDENTIFIED.  SO

5240
03:51:24,868 --> 03:51:27,838
FIRST AND FOREMOST, WE DIVIDED

5241
03:51:27,838 --> 03:51:29,740
GAPS AND OPPORTUNITIES INTO

5242
03:51:29,740 --> 03:51:33,310
MULTIPLE DOMAINS. AND I THINK

5243
03:51:33,310 --> 03:51:35,846
THAT MANY OF THE TALKS ALREADY

5244
03:51:35,846 --> 03:51:37,181
TOUCHED ON SOME THESE ISSUES BUT

5245
03:51:37,181 --> 03:51:39,083
I WILL TAKE A MINUTE TO

5246
03:51:39,083 --> 03:51:40,718
HIGHLIGHT SOME OF THOSE ISSUES

5247
03:51:40,718 --> 03:51:43,387
THAT WERE DISCUSSED. SO IN THE

5248
03:51:43,387 --> 03:51:47,758
DOMAIN OF DATA DISCOVERY --

5249
03:51:47,758 --> 03:51:48,759
DISCOVERABILITY INTEROPERABILITY

5250
03:51:48,759 --> 03:51:51,028
AND SUSTAINABILITY, WE

5251
03:51:51,028 --> 03:51:52,363
IDENTIFIED OPPORTUNITIES TO

5252
03:51:52,363 --> 03:51:56,200
IMPROVE THE FINDIBILITY OF DATA

5253
03:51:56,200 --> 03:51:59,136
SETS, TO ENCOURAGE

5254
03:51:59,136 --> 03:52:01,038
STANDARDIZATION OF BOTH DATA AND

5255
03:52:01,038 --> 03:52:02,806
METADATA. AS WELL AS TO

5256
03:52:02,806 --> 03:52:05,576
ENCOURAGE HARMONIZATION APPROACH

5257
03:52:05,576 --> 03:52:08,112
SUCH AS THOSE DECLINED BY DR.

5258
03:52:08,112 --> 03:52:11,115
HOHMAN. WE ALSO DISCUSSED

5259
03:52:11,115 --> 03:52:13,017
ESTABLISHING TECHNICAL

5260
03:52:13,017 --> 03:52:14,485
STANDARDS, THAT FOR DATA

5261
03:52:14,485 --> 03:52:16,887
FEDERATION, FEDERATED LEARNING,

5262
03:52:16,887 --> 03:52:19,223
AND DIGITAL TWINS TECHNOLOGIES. 

5263
03:52:19,223 --> 03:52:24,061
AND FINALLY WE DISCUSSED THE

5264
03:52:24,061 --> 03:52:28,565
OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABLE TO

5265
03:52:28,565 --> 03:52:29,533
ENSURE DATA SHARING PROGRAMS ARE

5266
03:52:29,533 --> 03:52:32,002
SUSTAINABLE OVER THE LONG RUN BY

5267
03:52:32,002 --> 03:52:34,204
DEVELOPING FUNDING MODELS THAT

5268
03:52:34,204 --> 03:52:36,774
CAN SUPPORT DATA STORAGE

5269
03:52:36,774 --> 03:52:39,777
SECURITY AND CURATION. IN TERMS

5270
03:52:39,777 --> 03:52:42,246
OF DATA OPPORTUNITIES FOR DATA

5271
03:52:42,246 --> 03:52:45,582
DIGITAL DATA PLATFORMS THERE WAS

5272
03:52:45,582 --> 03:52:47,217
QUITE A BIT OF CONSIST CUSHION

5273
03:52:47,217 --> 03:52:49,019
ABOUT THE DIFFERENT MODELS THAT

5274
03:52:49,019 --> 03:52:50,888
ARE AVAILABLE AND INTEREST IN

5275
03:52:50,888 --> 03:52:52,656
SUPPORTING HYBRID DATA ACCESS

5276
03:52:52,656 --> 03:52:54,625
MODELS WHERE THEY MIGHT BE A

5277
03:52:54,625 --> 03:52:56,727
COMBINATION OF ENCLAVE APPROACH,

5278
03:52:56,727 --> 03:52:58,595
DOWNLOAD OR AGGRAVATED OR

5279
03:52:58,595 --> 03:53:01,398
FEDERATED APPROACHES. IN TERMS

5280
03:53:01,398 --> 03:53:03,934
OF THE OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABLE

5281
03:53:03,934 --> 03:53:05,736
FOR REAL WORLD DATA INTEGRATION

5282
03:53:05,736 --> 03:53:08,305
WITH SOME OF OUR COHORT DATA,

5283
03:53:08,305 --> 03:53:09,740
SOME OF THOSE OPPORTUNITIES

5284
03:53:09,740 --> 03:53:12,076
DESCRIBED BY DR. COREO IN HER

5285
03:53:12,076 --> 03:53:15,512
RELATION, WE DISCUSSED THE

5286
03:53:15,512 --> 03:53:18,115
OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABLE TO

5287
03:53:18,115 --> 03:53:19,817
INTEGRATE INFORMATION ABOUT THE

5288
03:53:19,817 --> 03:53:22,019
CLINICAL USE OF FIRST GENERATION

5289
03:53:22,019 --> 03:53:24,021
DISEASE MODIFYING THERAPIES FROM

5290
03:53:24,021 --> 03:53:26,690
NATIONAL TREATMENT REGISTERS,

5291
03:53:26,690 --> 03:53:30,994
SUCH AS ALSNET TO DEVELOP

5292
03:53:30,994 --> 03:53:31,995
THERAPIES TREATMENT PLANS AN

5293
03:53:31,995 --> 03:53:37,134
PRICING MODELS AND USE OF

5294
03:53:37,134 --> 03:53:39,336
PRIVACY PREPRESERVING RECORD

5295
03:53:39,336 --> 03:53:42,106
LINKERRING APPROACHES LINKS

5296
03:53:42,106 --> 03:53:43,273
BETWEEN REAL WORLD DATA AND

5297
03:53:43,273 --> 03:53:46,143
RESEARCH COHORT. IN TERMS OF

5298
03:53:46,143 --> 03:53:47,311
DATA RELATED TO OPPORTUNITIES

5299
03:53:47,311 --> 03:53:49,079
AVAILABLE FOR AI AND MACHINE

5300
03:53:49,079 --> 03:53:51,815
LEARNING AND DEEP LEARNING, WE

5301
03:53:51,815 --> 03:53:53,150
DISCUSSED THE YOU ARE GENERAL

5302
03:53:53,150 --> 03:53:55,752
NEED TO DEFINE GUIDELINES FOR

5303
03:53:55,752 --> 03:53:58,188
THE ETHICAL RESPONSIBLE

5304
03:53:58,188 --> 03:53:59,490
REPRODUCIBLE EXPLAINABLE

5305
03:53:59,490 --> 03:54:02,159
CRITICAL AND TRUSTWORTHY USE OF

5306
03:54:02,159 --> 03:54:06,563
AI. AND ALSO THINKING ABOUT THE

5307
03:54:06,563 --> 03:54:11,835
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTEDS OF USING

5308
03:54:11,835 --> 03:54:13,871
AI ESPECIALLY FOR MODEL TRAINING

5309
03:54:13,871 --> 03:54:17,074
AND INFERENCE. IN MANY TERMS OF

5310
03:54:17,074 --> 03:54:19,076
OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE EX ANDED

5311
03:54:19,076 --> 03:54:20,644
USE OF CLINICAL TRIALS DATA WE

5312
03:54:20,644 --> 03:54:23,547
DISCUSSED THE OPPORTUNITY TO

5313
03:54:23,547 --> 03:54:25,816
INCENTIVIZE THE DEVELOPMENT OF

5314
03:54:25,816 --> 03:54:27,784
PRECISION MEDICINE APPROACH IN

5315
03:54:27,784 --> 03:54:30,654
TRIAL DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 

5316
03:54:30,654 --> 03:54:32,623
IN THE DOMAIN OF OPEN SCIENCE

5317
03:54:32,623 --> 03:54:36,693
AND TEAM SCIENCE PRACTICES WE

5318
03:54:36,693 --> 03:54:40,230
WERE ALL VERY MUCH IN SUPPORT OF

5319
03:54:40,230 --> 03:54:41,598
THINKING ABOUT THE OPPORTUNITIES

5320
03:54:41,598 --> 03:54:43,934
TO ENGAGE ALL STAKEHOLDERS IN

5321
03:54:43,934 --> 03:54:48,005
THE DATA SHARING PROCESS TO

5322
03:54:48,005 --> 03:54:49,573
ENSURE THAT THERE'S EQUITY IN

5323
03:54:49,573 --> 03:54:52,109
TERMS OF THE BENEFITS AND RISKS

5324
03:54:52,109 --> 03:54:53,911
ASSOCIATED WITH DATA SHARING. 

5325
03:54:53,911 --> 03:54:55,646
AND WE SEE THAT AS ALSO

5326
03:54:55,646 --> 03:54:56,880
INCLUDING PARTICIPANTS IN THAT

5327
03:54:56,880 --> 03:54:57,781
DISCUSSION AS WELL AS

5328
03:54:57,781 --> 03:55:02,986
COMMUNITIES.  WE TALKED ABOUT

5329
03:55:02,986 --> 03:55:06,089
EXPANDING TRAINING PROGRAMS IN

5330
03:55:06,089 --> 03:55:12,229
DATA SCIENCE TO PROMOTE THE

5331
03:55:12,229 --> 03:55:14,131
EXPANSION OF SKILLS NECESSARY TO

5332
03:55:14,131 --> 03:55:15,132
WORK WITH THESE COMPLEX DATA

5333
03:55:15,132 --> 03:55:21,238
SETS.  AND ALSO TO DEVELOP

5334
03:55:21,238 --> 03:55:23,807
REALLY RESEARCH INTO TEAM

5335
03:55:23,807 --> 03:55:25,242
SCIENCE SPECIFICALLY SO THE

5336
03:55:25,242 --> 03:55:28,011
SCIENCE OF TEAM SCIENCE IF YOU

5337
03:55:28,011 --> 03:55:30,547
WILL, TO BETTER UNDERSTAND

5338
03:55:30,547 --> 03:55:31,882
STRATEGIES THAT CAN EFFICIENTLY

5339
03:55:31,882 --> 03:55:34,117
AND COST EFFECTIVELY USE THE

5340
03:55:34,117 --> 03:55:36,286
LARGE TECHNICAL AND HUMAN

5341
03:55:36,286 --> 03:55:37,487
RESOURCES WITHIN AN OPEN SCIENCE

5342
03:55:37,487 --> 03:55:39,756
FRAMEWORK. FINALLY, THERE WAS

5343
03:55:39,756 --> 03:55:43,427
QUITE A BIT OF DISCUSSION ABOUT

5344
03:55:43,427 --> 03:55:47,231
ENSURING THAT THE TRANSPARENCY

5345
03:55:47,231 --> 03:55:49,933
AND RECIPROCITY WHEN SHARING

5346
03:55:49,933 --> 03:55:53,870
WITH INVESTIGATORS BOTH IN THE

5347
03:55:53,870 --> 03:55:55,706
U.S. AS WELL AS OUTSIDE THE U.S.

5348
03:55:55,706 --> 03:55:57,908
MAKING SURE THAT US-BASED

5349
03:55:57,908 --> 03:55:59,476
INVESTIGATORS CAN ACCESS

5350
03:55:59,476 --> 03:56:01,345
INTERNATIONAL DATA AND SAMPLES.

5351
03:56:01,345 --> 03:56:04,715
SO WITH THAT, I WOULD LIKE TO

5352
03:56:04,715 --> 03:56:08,919
OPEN UP THE SESSION FOR

5353
03:56:08,919 --> 03:56:11,455
QUESTIONS, BOTH OUR SPEAKERS AS

5354
03:56:11,455 --> 03:56:15,259
WELL AS TO THE AUDIENCE AND FOR

5355
03:56:15,259 --> 03:56:16,927
QUESTIONS FROM THE AUDIENCE, I

5356
03:56:16,927 --> 03:56:23,834
WANTED TO ASK IF THE INDIVIDUAL

5357
03:56:23,834 --> 03:56:24,635
COULD PRESENT THEMSELVESES WITH

5358
03:56:24,635 --> 03:56:26,203
HAIR NAME AS WELL AS

5359
03:56:26,203 --> 03:56:31,875
AFFILIATION. SO MAYBE WE CAN

5360
03:56:31,875 --> 03:56:32,209
START WITH --

5361
03:56:32,209 --> 03:56:35,479
>> WE HAVE AN ONLINE
PARTICIPANT

5362
03:56:35,479 --> 03:56:37,714
ASKING A QUESTION ABOUT THE A

5363
03:56:37,714 --> 03:56:42,486
FORCE STUDY. AND ACTC.C.  THE A

5364
03:56:42,486 --> 03:56:44,554
FORCE IS IT DI IS VALUABLE TO

5365
03:56:44,554 --> 03:56:46,189
RESEARCH ERGS. DOES ACTK

5366
03:56:46,189 --> 03:56:47,190
CONSIDER SHARING DATA FROM OTHER

5367
03:56:47,190 --> 03:56:48,525
CLINICAL TRIALS?

5368
03:56:48,525 --> 03:56:50,927
>> THAT IS AN EXCELLENT

5369
03:56:50,927 --> 03:56:55,065
QUESTION. THANK YOU. SO WE ARE

5370
03:56:55,065 --> 03:56:57,434
WORKING ON APPLYING THE SAME

5371
03:56:57,434 --> 03:56:59,503
METHODS THAT I DESCRIBED HAVE

5372
03:56:59,503 --> 03:57:07,377
BEEN USED FOR THE A FORCE STUDY

5373
03:57:07,377 --> 03:57:09,579
RESPECTIVELY AND PERSPECTIVELY.

5374
03:57:09,579 --> 03:57:13,884
ONE EXAMPLE OF PROSPECTIVE

5375
03:57:13,884 --> 03:57:16,453
PROJECT WE WILL BE EMBARKING ON

5376
03:57:16,453 --> 03:57:18,789
SOON IS SHARING THE

5377
03:57:18,789 --> 03:57:19,389
PRE-RANDOMIZATION DATA FOR THE

5378
03:57:19,389 --> 03:57:21,825
HEAD STUDY SCHEDULED TO COMPLETE

5379
03:57:21,825 --> 03:57:22,926
ENROLLMENT BEFORE THE ENDS OF

5380
03:57:22,926 --> 03:57:28,999
THIS YEAR.  SO WE EXPECT

5381
03:57:28,999 --> 03:57:30,067
PRE-RANDOMIZATION DATA FOR AHEAD

5382
03:57:30,067 --> 03:57:31,968
WILL BE AVAILABLE BY THE END OF

5383
03:57:31,968 --> 03:57:33,503
NEXT YEAR. 

5384
03:57:33,503 --> 03:57:36,606
>> INCENTIVIZING --
PUTTING OUT

5385
03:57:36,606 --> 03:57:38,075
THERE MANY OF THE CLINICAL

5386
03:57:38,075 --> 03:57:39,876
STUDIES THAT WERE COMPLETED,

5387
03:57:39,876 --> 03:57:42,079
THOSE THAT FAILED AND THOSE THAT

5388
03:57:42,079 --> 03:57:44,081
ENABLED APPROVAL OF SOME DRUGS,

5389
03:57:44,081 --> 03:57:47,718
WHATEVER IF WE START WITH THE

5390
03:57:47,718 --> 03:57:49,319
ONES AND PUT THIS BIG DATA OUT

5391
03:57:49,319 --> 03:57:50,921
THERE, I'M SURE THERE'S GOING TO

5392
03:57:50,921 --> 03:57:52,989
BE MUCH MORE TO LEARN FROM THE

5393
03:57:52,989 --> 03:57:56,526
BIG DATA ON THIS INDIVIDUALS AND

5394
03:57:56,526 --> 03:57:57,961
RESPONSES AND VARIATIONS AND

5395
03:57:57,961 --> 03:58:00,764
PERHAPS DEFINING SOME SUBGROUPS

5396
03:58:00,764 --> 03:58:02,632
OF INDIVIDUALS WHOP MIGHT BE

5397
03:58:02,632 --> 03:58:04,334
FUNDERS WHO ARE MISSED IN THE

5398
03:58:04,334 --> 03:58:06,970
ACTION SO THESE DRUGS COULD BE

5399
03:58:06,970 --> 03:58:08,505
PROVES INTO BIOLOGY WHICH IS

5400
03:58:08,505 --> 03:58:12,042
VERY POWERFUL.

5401
03:58:12,042 --> 03:58:14,678
>> CONTAINER MAYOR CLINIC.
QUICK

5402
03:58:14,678 --> 03:58:18,515
COMMENT AND A QUESTION. COMMENT

5403
03:58:18,515 --> 03:58:19,983
IS I APPRECIATED THE FACT

5404
03:58:19,983 --> 03:58:21,551
SHARING DATA ACCORDING TO NOT

5405
03:58:21,551 --> 03:58:23,019
ONLY FAIR BUT ALSO CARE

5406
03:58:23,019 --> 03:58:25,088
PRINCIPLES WAS HIGHLIGHTED HERE.

5407
03:58:25,088 --> 03:58:27,491
AND THAT'S SOMETHING THAT WE

5408
03:58:27,491 --> 03:58:28,925
NEED TO CONTINUE TO HARP UPON.

5409
03:58:28,925 --> 03:58:32,996
THANK YOU FOR BRINGING THAT UP. 

5410
03:58:32,996 --> 03:58:34,664
THE QUESTION PERTAINS TO ALL THE

5411
03:58:34,664 --> 03:58:37,100
DATA RESOURCES, IT IS WONDERFUL

5412
03:58:37,100 --> 03:58:39,970
TO SEE THE INITIATIVES BRINGING

5413
03:58:39,970 --> 03:58:42,739
TOGETHER THE VARIETY OF DATA

5414
03:58:42,739 --> 03:58:46,410
RESOURCES IS EXEMPLIFIED IN THE

5415
03:58:46,410 --> 03:58:47,577
NAC DATA FRONT DOOR THAT

5416
03:58:47,577 --> 03:58:50,247
BRINGING TO NAC AND THE AD

5417
03:58:50,247 --> 03:58:52,215
KNOWLEDGE PORTAL BUT THERE IS

5418
03:58:52,215 --> 03:58:55,318
FAR MORE BEYOND THAT. AT THESE

5419
03:58:55,318 --> 03:58:56,420
MEETINGS WE HAVE BEEN DISCUSSING

5420
03:58:56,420 --> 03:58:58,121
IT WILL BE USEFUL TO HAVE A

5421
03:58:58,121 --> 03:59:03,293
DATABASE OF DATABASES. ARE THERE

5422
03:59:03,293 --> 03:59:06,596
PLANS FROM THE NIH, ALZHEIMER'S

5423
03:59:06,596 --> 03:59:09,566
ASSOCIATION AND OTHER FUNDERS TO

5424
03:59:09,566 --> 03:59:10,834
BUILD SOMETHING LIKE THAT

5425
03:59:10,834 --> 03:59:13,904
BECAUSE WE ONLY KNOW WHAT WE

5426
03:59:13,904 --> 03:59:14,104
KNOW.

5427
03:59:14,104 --> 03:59:17,674
>> I THINK YOU DID ONE OF
OUR --

5428
03:59:17,674 --> 03:59:18,809
DO YOU WANT TO TAKE THAT

5429
03:59:18,809 --> 03:59:19,075
QUESTION?

5430
03:59:19,075 --> 03:59:22,446
>> I THINK THAT IS AN
EXCELLENT

5431
03:59:22,446 --> 03:59:23,880
SUGGESTION. THE DEVIL IN THE

5432
03:59:23,880 --> 03:59:28,351
DETAIL OF COURSE. WHAT SORT OF

5433
03:59:28,351 --> 03:59:32,155
INFORMATION WOULD BE INFORMATIVE

5434
03:59:32,155 --> 03:59:34,057
FRANKLY, PARTICULAR RESEARCH

5435
03:59:34,057 --> 03:59:36,092
QUESTIONS? HOW FORTHCOMING WOULD

5436
03:59:36,092 --> 03:59:38,395
THE DIFFERENT DATABASES BE IN

5437
03:59:38,395 --> 03:59:43,366
ALLOWING THAT TO HAPPEN? I WOULD

5438
03:59:43,366 --> 03:59:45,135
REALLY WELCOME THIS, THE TROUBLE

5439
03:59:45,135 --> 03:59:46,570
IS HAVING WHAT YOU MIGHT

5440
03:59:46,570 --> 03:59:49,806
DESCRIBE AS A TRUSTED THIRD

5441
03:59:49,806 --> 03:59:50,907
PARTY, WHICH CAN BE GOVERNMENT

5442
03:59:50,907 --> 03:59:52,709
FUNDED BUT IT DOESN'T MATTER,

5443
03:59:52,709 --> 03:59:55,712
THE POINT IS THEY ARE TRUSTED AS

5444
03:59:55,712 --> 03:59:57,914
INDEPENDENT THIRD PARTIES TO

5445
03:59:57,914 --> 03:59:58,715
REPRESENT ALL DIFFERENT

5446
03:59:58,715 --> 04:00:01,651
DATABASES. THE ISSUE THEN COMES

5447
04:00:01,651 --> 04:00:03,553
DOWN TO CONSISTENT DATA MODELS,

5448
04:00:03,553 --> 04:00:08,725
SO YOU ARE COMPARING APPLES WITH

5449
04:00:08,725 --> 04:00:11,828
APPLES EXPLICITLY. I THINK IT

5450
04:00:11,828 --> 04:00:13,330
WOULD WORK BUT I WOULD CERTAINLY

5451
04:00:13,330 --> 04:00:17,534
SUPPORT IT. 

5452
04:00:17,534 --> 04:00:19,703
>> AID DO WANT TO POINT
OUT

5453
04:00:19,703 --> 04:00:23,473
THERE IS A EFFORT IN BETA BY NLM

5454
04:00:23,473 --> 04:00:27,244
TO CATALOG DATA SETS ACROSS ITS

5455
04:00:27,244 --> 04:00:29,379
FOCUSING PRIMARILY ON DB GAP AND

5456
04:00:29,379 --> 04:00:32,516
ALL THE DATA RESOURCES.  IT IS

5457
04:00:32,516 --> 04:00:36,152
IN BETA, THAT NEEDS TO BE SCOPED

5458
04:00:36,152 --> 04:00:38,788
BEYOND THAT BUT FINDING THE DATA

5459
04:00:38,788 --> 04:00:43,126
IS CLEARLY A BEGINNING.

5460
04:00:43,126 --> 04:00:45,529
>> IT IS A GREAT QUESTION,
I

5461
04:00:45,529 --> 04:00:46,630
JUST THINK ONE OF THE THINGS

5462
04:00:46,630 --> 04:00:47,531
THAT WOULD BE REALLY IMPORTANT

5463
04:00:47,531 --> 04:00:49,299
IS TO TRY TO CONNECT THE

5464
04:00:49,299 --> 04:00:51,301
CLINICAL DATA THAT WE HAVE IN

5465
04:00:51,301 --> 04:00:53,470
SOME OF OUR CLINICAL DATA SETS,

5466
04:00:53,470 --> 04:00:56,306
TO THE OMICS DATA THAT WE HAVE

5467
04:00:56,306 --> 04:00:59,509
ON AGORA AND SAGE AND ET CETERA 

5468
04:00:59,509 --> 04:01:00,810
THOSE LINKS WE ARE TRYING TO

5469
04:01:00,810 --> 04:01:04,014
TEST WITH SARAH AND DR.

5470
04:01:04,014 --> 04:01:05,382
(INDISCERNIBLE) WITH THE

5471
04:01:05,382 --> 04:01:05,949
TREATMENT LEVEL DATA WE ARE

5472
04:01:05,949 --> 04:01:09,286
TRYING TO GATHER IN ALSNET. BUT

5473
04:01:09,286 --> 04:01:11,021
THAT IS SOMETHING THAT I DON'T

5474
04:01:11,021 --> 04:01:12,489
KNOW IF WE HAVE MANAGED TO DO.

5475
04:01:12,489 --> 04:01:15,058
I'M NOT A DATA SCIENTIST. I KNOW

5476
04:01:15,058 --> 04:01:16,993
WE WILL ATTEMPT TO DO IT WITH

5477
04:01:16,993 --> 04:01:19,195
NAC. BUT I MEAN, I THINK IT IS

5478
04:01:19,195 --> 04:01:20,797
REALLY GREAT POINT. 

5479
04:01:20,797 --> 04:01:22,299
>> WE HAVE SEEN BIG
INTEREST

5480
04:01:22,299 --> 04:01:23,833
FROM THE NON-PROFIT

5481
04:01:23,833 --> 04:01:25,068
ORGANIZATIONS IN BRINGING

5482
04:01:25,068 --> 04:01:27,504
TOGETHER SOME OF THESE BIG

5483
04:01:27,504 --> 04:01:28,538
REPOSITORIES, CREATING A

5484
04:01:28,538 --> 04:01:32,342
DIALOGUE AND WORKING, MAYBE WE

5485
04:01:32,342 --> 04:01:33,777
MENTIONED ISSUE OF

5486
04:01:33,777 --> 04:01:34,544
STANDARDIZATION AND USE IT IN

5487
04:01:34,544 --> 04:01:36,446
DIFFERENT WAYS, META, WHEN I

5488
04:01:36,446 --> 04:01:40,350
TALK ABOUT STANDARDIZATION, I --

5489
04:01:40,350 --> 04:01:42,385
THE OMICS DATA WE REPRODUCE

5490
04:01:42,385 --> 04:01:44,754
OMICS DATA THIS IS NOT GOING TO

5491
04:01:44,754 --> 04:01:46,756
HAPPEN IN ME TAN LOAMICS BUT

5492
04:01:46,756 --> 04:01:48,024
STANDARD DIEDING EVERYTHING ELSE

5493
04:01:48,024 --> 04:01:50,360
TO MAKE BIOREPOSITORIES WORK,

5494
04:01:50,360 --> 04:01:51,928
COLLABORATE, LEARN TOGETHER, AND

5495
04:01:51,928 --> 04:01:53,496
IMPROVE THE WHOLE PROCESS, IS

5496
04:01:53,496 --> 04:02:00,103
THIS HAPPENING? ANNA? ARE THESE

5497
04:02:00,103 --> 04:02:01,571
REPOSITORIES MEETING,

5498
04:02:01,571 --> 04:02:02,672
COLLABORATING, DISCUSSING THE

5499
04:02:02,672 --> 04:02:05,675
FUTURE HOW IT CAN WORK FOR ALL

5500
04:02:05,675 --> 04:02:05,942
OF US?

5501
04:02:05,942 --> 04:02:08,511
>> YES. I THINK THE IN HIA
HAS

5502
04:02:08,511 --> 04:02:09,946
BEEN DOING A GREAT JOB AND THIS

5503
04:02:09,946 --> 04:02:11,648
IS LED BY META OVER THE PAST

5504
04:02:11,648 --> 04:02:14,084
YEAR BRINGING TOGETHER THESE

5505
04:02:14,084 --> 04:02:15,352
REPOSITORIES TO START HAVING

5506
04:02:15,352 --> 04:02:16,553
THESE CONVERSATIONS ABOUT WHAT

5507
04:02:16,553 --> 04:02:20,757
IS REALLY REQUIRED. THERE IS

5508
04:02:20,757 --> 04:02:22,425
THIS EFFORT TO ACCEPTOR

5509
04:02:22,425 --> 04:02:24,227
EVERYTHING AROUND USE CASES.

5510
04:02:24,227 --> 04:02:25,762
BECAUSE AS JOHN WAS POINTING

5511
04:02:25,762 --> 04:02:27,564
OUT, THE DEVIL IS IN THE DETAILS

5512
04:02:27,564 --> 04:02:32,102
HERE. SO WHAT ARE THE REARS

5513
04:02:32,102 --> 04:02:34,638
TRYING TO ASK AND HOW CAN WE

5514
04:02:34,638 --> 04:02:36,873
HELP ANSWER IT WITH THE WAY WE

5515
04:02:36,873 --> 04:02:38,675
BILL OUR SYSTEMS AND DEVELOP OUR

5516
04:02:38,675 --> 04:02:40,977
INTEROPERABILITY.

5517
04:02:40,977 --> 04:02:42,278
>> QUESTION FROM THE
AUDIENCE.

5518
04:02:42,278 --> 04:02:44,314
>> HI. SARAH
(INDISCERNIBLE)

5519
04:02:44,314 --> 04:02:46,549
FROM MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY.

5520
04:02:46,549 --> 04:02:47,651
FIRST THANK YOU TO EVERYBODY

5521
04:02:47,651 --> 04:02:49,219
INVOLVED IN THIS CONFERENCE. I'M

5522
04:02:49,219 --> 04:02:50,353
RELATIVELY NEW TO THE FIELD AND

5523
04:02:50,353 --> 04:02:52,122
IT'S BEEN REALLY GREAT TO HEAR

5524
04:02:52,122 --> 04:02:53,356
ALL THE RESOURCES AND ALL THE

5525
04:02:53,356 --> 04:02:55,392
THINGS THAT ARE AVAILABLE AND

5526
04:02:55,392 --> 04:02:57,093
HEAR FROM SUCH WONDERFUL EXPERTS

5527
04:02:57,093 --> 04:02:58,461
AND TO GET A GREAT IDEA OF WHERE

5528
04:02:58,461 --> 04:03:00,463
THE FIELD IS HEADING IN THE

5529
04:03:00,463 --> 04:03:02,499
FUTURE AS WELL. TO MY QUESTION,

5530
04:03:02,499 --> 04:03:03,400
IT KIND OF BUILDS OFF THE

5531
04:03:03,400 --> 04:03:06,269
PREVIOUS QUESTION, IN IN TERMS

5532
04:03:06,269 --> 04:03:08,038
OF MAKING NEW INVESTIGATORS OR

5533
04:03:08,038 --> 04:03:09,939
OTHER INVESTIGATORS IN THE FIELD

5534
04:03:09,939 --> 04:03:12,242
AWARE OF THESE RESOURCES, APART

5535
04:03:12,242 --> 04:03:13,510
FROM COMING TO WONDERFUL

5536
04:03:13,510 --> 04:03:16,179
CONFERENCES AND SYMPOSIUMS SUCH

5537
04:03:16,179 --> 04:03:18,048
AS THIS, ARE THERE EFFORTS WHICH

5538
04:03:18,048 --> 04:03:20,417
TO REACH OUT AND TO MAKE PEOPLE

5539
04:03:20,417 --> 04:03:22,118
AWARE OF WHAT IS AVAILABLE,

5540
04:03:22,118 --> 04:03:23,987
CONNECT RESEARCHERS THAT MIGHT

5541
04:03:23,987 --> 04:03:26,589
HAVE SIMILAR FIELDS OR SIMILAR

5542
04:03:26,589 --> 04:03:27,624
INTERESTS SO THAT WE CAN START

5543
04:03:27,624 --> 04:03:29,325
TO BRING THE PEOPLE TOGETHER NOT

5544
04:03:29,325 --> 04:03:31,594
JUST THE DATA?

5545
04:03:31,594 --> 04:03:34,831
>> MAYBE I CAN START. ONE
OF THE

5546
04:03:34,831 --> 04:03:36,433
WAYS IN WHICH WE TRY TO DO THAT

5547
04:03:36,433 --> 04:03:38,435
IS TO PROVIDE PLATFORMS A THE

5548
04:03:38,435 --> 04:03:39,402
ALZHEIMER'S ASSOCIATION

5549
04:03:39,402 --> 04:03:40,870
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. SO EF

5550
04:03:40,870 --> 04:03:43,106
WITH FOR EXAMPLE SHARED BOOTH

5551
04:03:43,106 --> 04:03:45,175
WITH GAIN.ORG WITH ADDI

5552
04:03:45,175 --> 04:03:48,178
ALZHEIMER'S DATA INITIATIVE, AND

5553
04:03:48,178 --> 04:03:53,049
WE ALSO HAVE SESSIONS FOR THE

5554
04:03:53,049 --> 04:03:55,652
PRECISION MEDICINE PROGRAMS, IT

5555
04:03:55,652 --> 04:03:58,354
IS A LOT OF DAYS PRE-MEETINGS AT

5556
04:03:58,354 --> 04:04:00,924
AIC AND WE HAVE HAD SUCCESSFULLY

5557
04:04:00,924 --> 04:04:02,392
HAD THEM A FEW YEARS IN A ROW.

5558
04:04:02,392 --> 04:04:03,660
SO THERE'S LOTS OF OPPORTUNITIES

5559
04:04:03,660 --> 04:04:05,095
AT THE CONFERENCES IN ORDER TO

5560
04:04:05,095 --> 04:04:06,763
ENGAGE WITH ALL OF THESE GROUPS

5561
04:04:06,763 --> 04:04:09,532
INCLUDING THE EDST AND NAC AND

5562
04:04:09,532 --> 04:04:11,835
SO MANY OTHERS, THERE'S

5563
04:04:11,835 --> 04:04:14,304
WORKSHOPS AND YOU HEARD DR.

5564
04:04:14,304 --> 04:04:15,772
HOHMAN MENTION WORKSHOPS TO

5565
04:04:15,772 --> 04:04:17,907
TEACH PEOPLE HOW TO USE THESE

5566
04:04:17,907 --> 04:04:19,242
BECAUSE THESE ARE BIG DATA SETS,

5567
04:04:19,242 --> 04:04:21,444
IF YOU ARE NOT A DATA SCIENTIST

5568
04:04:21,444 --> 04:04:22,812
LIKE ME YOU GET LOST AND YOU

5569
04:04:22,812 --> 04:04:24,380
DONE KNOW WHERE TO START.  SO

5570
04:04:24,380 --> 04:04:26,382
THESE ARE SOME EFFORTS. PERHAPS

5571
04:04:26,382 --> 04:04:27,784
THERE'S -- ONE OF THE CHALLENGES

5572
04:04:27,784 --> 04:04:29,519
WE CAN TAKE ON IS TO TRY TO

5573
04:04:29,519 --> 04:04:32,422
FIGURE OUT HOW TO CENTRALIZE

5574
04:04:32,422 --> 04:04:34,424
THOSE IN ONE PLACE SO THEY

5575
04:04:34,424 --> 04:04:35,859
ADVERTISE AND NOT JUST -- THEY

5576
04:04:35,859 --> 04:04:37,293
ARE SCATTERED ACROSS LIKE THAT

5577
04:04:37,293 --> 04:04:39,162
TYPE OF A CONFERENCE AND MAIN WE

5578
04:04:39,162 --> 04:04:41,965
CAN MAKE MORE AN EFFORT TO

5579
04:04:41,965 --> 04:04:45,835
CENTRALIZE ALL OF THE

5580
04:04:45,835 --> 04:04:46,669
OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABLE FOR

5581
04:04:46,669 --> 04:04:47,971
PEOPLE. THANK YOU FOR THAT

5582
04:04:47,971 --> 04:04:48,204
COMMENT.

5583
04:04:48,204 --> 04:04:50,240
>> I WANT TO ADD TO THAT.
I

5584
04:04:50,240 --> 04:04:52,041
THINK PART OF BRINGING PEOPLING

5585
04:04:52,041 --> 04:04:53,943
TO INVOLVES ENCOURAGING AND

5586
04:04:53,943 --> 04:04:55,278
EMPOWERING BIOMEDICAL

5587
04:04:55,278 --> 04:04:57,680
RESEARCHERS TO USE AI ENABLED

5588
04:04:57,680 --> 04:04:59,048
TOOLS BECAUSE IT IS A BARRIER TO

5589
04:04:59,048 --> 04:05:01,417
ENTRY TO A LOT OF THEM, THEY GET

5590
04:05:01,417 --> 04:05:02,786
INTIMIDATED.  THIS IS ALL NEW

5591
04:05:02,786 --> 04:05:03,820
SCIENCE. SO ONE OF THE THINGS

5592
04:05:03,820 --> 04:05:08,691
THAT WE TRY TO INCORPORATE INTO

5593
04:05:08,691 --> 04:05:13,196
OUR PLATFORM ARE SORT OF

5594
04:05:13,196 --> 04:05:19,469
EXTENSIVE GUIDANCE SYSTEM AND

5595
04:05:19,469 --> 04:05:20,603
JUST BASICALLY ON BOARDING

5596
04:05:20,603 --> 04:05:22,505
PEOPLE INTO THE PROCESS AND

5597
04:05:22,505 --> 04:05:24,073
GUIDING THEM THROUGH IT. WE SET

5598
04:05:24,073 --> 04:05:26,943
ASIDE A LOT OF TIME FOR ONE ON

5599
04:05:26,943 --> 04:05:29,112
ONE MEETINGS OR HELP SESSIONS AS

5600
04:05:29,112 --> 04:05:32,182
WELL.  SO THERE IS A LOT

5601
04:05:32,182 --> 04:05:33,349
OUTREACH WHEN YOU ARE BUILDING A

5602
04:05:33,349 --> 04:05:34,117
PLATFORM THAT NEEDS TO BE

5603
04:05:34,117 --> 04:05:36,152
CONSIDERED JUST TO SORT OF BREAK

5604
04:05:36,152 --> 04:05:37,387
DOWN BARRIERS TO ENTRY FROM

5605
04:05:37,387 --> 04:05:38,721
PEOPLE WANTING TO -- THAT WANT

5606
04:05:38,721 --> 04:05:41,891
TO USE THE TECHNOLOGY BUT FEEL

5607
04:05:41,891 --> 04:05:46,095
LIKE MAYBE THEY AREN'T READY. 

5608
04:05:46,095 --> 04:05:48,932
>> BUILDING ON THAT, I
WANT TO

5609
04:05:48,932 --> 04:05:51,901
GIVE -- FIRST OF ALL, GRATITUDE

5610
04:05:51,901 --> 04:05:54,571
TO EVERYONE WHO IS CREATING

5611
04:05:54,571 --> 04:05:58,675
THESE RESOURCES THAT BENCH

5612
04:05:58,675 --> 04:06:00,677
SCIENTISTS CAN NOW ENTER INTO

5613
04:06:00,677 --> 04:06:02,512
THE DATA SCIENCE WORLD. AND I

5614
04:06:02,512 --> 04:06:04,581
WANT TO GIVE A SPECIAL SHOUT OUT

5615
04:06:04,581 --> 04:06:11,754
TO ANNA GRE GREENWOOD WHO HAS SE

5616
04:06:11,754 --> 04:06:17,393
BIONETWORKS, EVERY TIME WE OFFER

5617
04:06:17,393 --> 04:06:23,633
COURSE IN NIAT PRE-DONNING GRANT

5618
04:06:23,633 --> 04:06:27,937
FOR PRE-FELLOWS GIVES A LECTURE

5619
04:06:27,937 --> 04:06:32,542
ON THE AMP AD RESOURCE.  AND HOW

5620
04:06:32,542 --> 04:06:35,144
WE UTILIZE THAT RESOURCE TO

5621
04:06:35,144 --> 04:06:39,749
ACTUALLY -- THIS IS CATHY ROGERS

5622
04:06:39,749 --> 04:06:42,418
COURSE, AND DEVELOPMENT WHERE

5623
04:06:42,418 --> 04:06:44,087
THE GRADUATE STUDENTS,

5624
04:06:44,087 --> 04:06:45,722
PRE-DOCTORAL FELLOWS AND

5625
04:06:45,722 --> 04:06:47,090
GRADUATE STUDENTS AT LARGE USE

5626
04:06:47,090 --> 04:06:50,526
THE AMP AD TO SELECT A TARGET,

5627
04:06:50,526 --> 04:06:52,195
BUILD A PROGRAM OR RESEARCH

5628
04:06:52,195 --> 04:06:55,832
AROUND THAT, AND ACTUALLY MOVE

5629
04:06:55,832 --> 04:06:58,401
THAT INTO A COMMERCIALIZATION

5630
04:06:58,401 --> 04:07:00,103
PLAN. SO THE POINT HERE IS IS

5631
04:07:00,103 --> 04:07:03,273
THAT, THE NEXT GENERATION OF

5632
04:07:03,273 --> 04:07:06,175
DATA SCIENTIST, BENCH SCIENTISTS

5633
04:07:06,175 --> 04:07:08,978
COMING TOGETHER, IS ACTUALLY

5634
04:07:08,978 --> 04:07:10,079
BEING BUILT THROUGH SOME OF

5635
04:07:10,079 --> 04:07:12,715
THESE TRAINING PROGRAMS. I KNOW

5636
04:07:12,715 --> 04:07:15,084
IT IS A LOT MORE WORK FOR ALL OF

5637
04:07:15,084 --> 04:07:18,755
YOU BUT IF YOU CAN FOLLOW ANNA'S

5638
04:07:18,755 --> 04:07:21,291
LEAD HERE, THAT WOULD BE GREAT. 

5639
04:07:21,291 --> 04:07:25,628
>> WE SECOND THIS AND MUCH

5640
04:07:25,628 --> 04:07:29,065
GRATITUDE, AMAZING WORK YOU HAVE

5641
04:07:29,065 --> 04:07:30,433
DONE AND GREAT DEDICATION

5642
04:07:30,433 --> 04:07:35,405
THROUGHOUT THE YEARS. THANK YOU 

5643
04:07:35,405 --> 04:07:36,806
>> A QUESTION ON THE
RIGHT.

5644
04:07:36,806 --> 04:07:40,576
>> I'M MARINA FROM UCSF, I
ONLY

5645
04:07:40,576 --> 04:07:42,412
A COMPUTATIONAL SCIENTIST.  I AM

5646
04:07:42,412 --> 04:07:45,481
AMAZING AD ALL THE AMAZING DATA

5647
04:07:45,481 --> 04:07:46,950
SHARING EFFORTS THAT WERE

5648
04:07:46,950 --> 04:07:47,951
MENTIONED DURING SESSION AND I

5649
04:07:47,951 --> 04:07:50,253
HAVE BEEN SLACKING MY GRADUATE

5650
04:07:50,253 --> 04:07:51,921
STUDENTS AND TAKING PICTURES

5651
04:07:51,921 --> 04:07:53,356
THROUGHOUT THE PRESENTATIONS.

5652
04:07:53,356 --> 04:07:54,691
ALSO THE COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS

5653
04:07:54,691 --> 04:07:56,993
THAT WERE PRESENTED. I HAVE A

5654
04:07:56,993 --> 04:07:59,195
THOUGHT AND A QUESTION. THOUGHT

5655
04:07:59,195 --> 04:08:00,129
WAS STEMMING FROM THE QUESTION

5656
04:08:00,129 --> 04:08:03,666
ASKED EARLIER, ONE APPROACH TO

5657
04:08:03,666 --> 04:08:05,468
CONSIDER MIGHT BE, I DON'T KNOW

5658
04:08:05,468 --> 04:08:06,602
IF THIS HAS BEEN DONE IN THE

5659
04:08:06,602 --> 04:08:09,505
ALZHEIMER'S SPACE IS TO LAUNCH

5660
04:08:09,505 --> 04:08:12,308
SOME COMPUTATIONAL CHALLENGES

5661
04:08:12,308 --> 04:08:13,743
BASED ON SOME OF THESE

5662
04:08:13,743 --> 04:08:15,545
INCREDIBLE RESOURCES. WE HAVE

5663
04:08:15,545 --> 04:08:17,547
BEEN TALKING A LOT ABOUT

5664
04:08:17,547 --> 04:08:19,248
BRINGING THE DISCOVERY SCIENCES

5665
04:08:19,248 --> 04:08:21,050
OR CLINICIANS TO THE DATA BUT WE

5666
04:08:21,050 --> 04:08:22,352
ALSO WANT TO ATTRACT

5667
04:08:22,352 --> 04:08:23,252
COMPUTATIONAL PEOPLE WHO MIGHT

5668
04:08:23,252 --> 04:08:25,054
NOT BE WORKING MANY THE

5669
04:08:25,054 --> 04:08:26,589
ALZHEIMER'S SPACE AND THIS MIGHT

5670
04:08:26,589 --> 04:08:30,393
BE AN OPPORTUNITY TO EXPLORE.

5671
04:08:30,393 --> 04:08:32,996
THE QUESTION THAT I HAVE IS IN

5672
04:08:32,996 --> 04:08:36,099
THE CONTEXT OF THE PATIENT

5673
04:08:36,099 --> 04:08:37,467
SESSION YESTERDAY MORNING, WHAT

5674
04:08:37,467 --> 04:08:39,235
ARE YOUR THOUGHTS? I DON'T KNOW

5675
04:08:39,235 --> 04:08:40,670
THE ANSWER TO THIS, ABOUT

5676
04:08:40,670 --> 04:08:42,238
BRIDGING THE COMPUTATIONAL

5677
04:08:42,238 --> 04:08:44,273
EFFORTS THE DATA SHARING TO ALSO

5678
04:08:44,273 --> 04:08:45,842
BRING BACK TO THE COMMUNITY AND

5679
04:08:45,842 --> 04:08:50,980
THE PATIENTS AND HOW DO WE GO --

5680
04:08:50,980 --> 04:08:55,284
>> ANNA, DID YOU WANT TO
TALK

5681
04:08:55,284 --> 04:08:55,785
ABOUT THE PETITION?

5682
04:08:55,785 --> 04:08:58,621
>> SURE. SAGE BIONETWORKS
THEY

5683
04:08:58,621 --> 04:08:59,555
HAVE THEIR JUNE CHALLENGE

5684
04:08:59,555 --> 04:09:02,492
PLATFORM WHICH IS AMAZE. AT NAC

5685
04:09:02,492 --> 04:09:04,293
ONE THING WE ARE PUSHING FORWARD

5686
04:09:04,293 --> 04:09:06,662
ARE SOME OF THESE DATA

5687
04:09:06,662 --> 04:09:07,797
CHALLENGES, PARTICULARLY DURING

5688
04:09:07,797 --> 04:09:09,899
RENEWAL PERIOD TO HELP BUT WE

5689
04:09:09,899 --> 04:09:11,234
WANT TO BRING TOGETHER SOME OF

5690
04:09:11,234 --> 04:09:13,202
THESE LONG STANDING DATA STREAMS

5691
04:09:13,202 --> 04:09:16,939
LIKE UNIFORM DATA SET WITH RICH

5692
04:09:16,939 --> 04:09:19,275
PHENOTYPIC DATA WITH NEW DATA

5693
04:09:19,275 --> 04:09:20,443
STREAMS, BIOMARKER DATA, ET

5694
04:09:20,443 --> 04:09:23,613
CETERA. SO WE WANT TO BRING

5695
04:09:23,613 --> 04:09:24,814
TOGETHER KNOWING THESE

5696
04:09:24,814 --> 04:09:25,848
CHALLENGES ARE INCREDIBLY

5697
04:09:25,848 --> 04:09:28,084
EFFECTIVE WAY THE CREATE

5698
04:09:28,084 --> 04:09:29,819
DEMOCRATIZE RESEARCH PROCESS

5699
04:09:29,819 --> 04:09:31,954
GREAT NEW ON LAMPS.  WE ARE

5700
04:09:31,954 --> 04:09:33,523
INCREDIBLY EXCITED -- ONRAMPS

5701
04:09:33,523 --> 04:09:35,224
AND WE ARE EXCITED TO DRIVE

5702
04:09:35,224 --> 04:09:37,326
THOSE FORWARD. OVER THE NEXT

5703
04:09:37,326 --> 04:09:41,431
COUPLE OF YEARS. 

5704
04:09:41,431 --> 04:09:49,439
>> MARINA WANT TO -- YOU
HAVE

5705
04:09:49,439 --> 04:09:50,440
ANYTHING?

5706
04:09:50,440 --> 04:09:53,810
>> YEP. SO I THINK WHAT WE
WOULD

5707
04:09:53,810 --> 04:09:58,247
LOVE TO BE ABLE DO AND AGAIN

5708
04:09:58,247 --> 04:09:59,615
ALSMAP JUST BUILDING OUT ALL OF

5709
04:09:59,615 --> 04:10:02,051
THESE PORTIONS OF IT, IS TO

5710
04:10:02,051 --> 04:10:03,519
CREATE AN OPPORTUNITY FOR

5711
04:10:03,519 --> 04:10:05,888
PATIENTS THEMSELVES WHO ARE IN

5712
04:10:05,888 --> 04:10:07,256
THESE -- TAKING THESE

5713
04:10:07,256 --> 04:10:08,157
MEDICATIONS, TO COMMUNICATE

5714
04:10:08,157 --> 04:10:11,094
AMONG EACH OTHER. TO CREATE A

5715
04:10:11,094 --> 04:10:12,328
COMMUNITY OF AND EMPOWER THEM

5716
04:10:12,328 --> 04:10:13,663
NOT ONLY TO PERHAPS ASK

5717
04:10:13,663 --> 04:10:16,032
QUESTIONS OF EACH OTHER BUT THEN

5718
04:10:16,032 --> 04:10:18,267
EVEN LOOK AT THE DATA AVAILABLE.

5719
04:10:18,267 --> 04:10:20,470
THEY ARE PART OF IT. THEY

5720
04:10:20,470 --> 04:10:21,938
CONTRIBUTE TO IT. SO THAT IS

5721
04:10:21,938 --> 04:10:25,475
SORT OF I WOULD SAUCY ALSNET

5722
04:10:25,475 --> 04:10:28,811
2.0, WE ARE TRYING TO BUILD IT

5723
04:10:28,811 --> 04:10:30,279
AND CREATE OPPORTUNITIES FOR A

5724
04:10:30,279 --> 04:10:32,582
COMMUNITY. AND TO GIVE BACK TO

5725
04:10:32,582 --> 04:10:35,118
THEM AND HAVE THEM GIVE EVEN

5726
04:10:35,118 --> 04:10:36,352
MORE, BECAUSE THEY PROBABLY

5727
04:10:36,352 --> 04:10:37,353
WOULD BE MORE THAN WILLING TO

5728
04:10:37,353 --> 04:10:38,488
TALK TO EACH OTHER ABOUT WHAT

5729
04:10:38,488 --> 04:10:40,790
THEY ARE EXPERIENCING. THANK

5730
04:10:40,790 --> 04:10:41,357
YOU.

5731
04:10:41,357 --> 04:10:44,360
>> I THINK IT IS A HUGE
POINT.

5732
04:10:44,360 --> 04:10:48,865
WHO IS LIKE ME AND HOW CAN I

5733
04:10:48,865 --> 04:10:53,102
LEARN FROM OTHERS -- THE ISSUE

5734
04:10:53,102 --> 04:10:55,571
THAT WAS RAISED BY THE ADVOCACY

5735
04:10:55,571 --> 04:10:57,106
GROUPS, WAS INCREDIBLY

5736
04:10:57,106 --> 04:10:59,509
IMPORTANT. THERE IS THE

5737
04:10:59,509 --> 04:11:00,743
QUESTION, WHAT -- HOW CAN I

5738
04:11:00,743 --> 04:11:04,814
LEARN AND WHO IS LIKE ME? AND WE

5739
04:11:04,814 --> 04:11:07,750
ARE REALLY BUILDK PLATFORMS AN

5740
04:11:07,750 --> 04:11:08,985
RESOURCES TO GET COMMUNITIESING

5741
04:11:08,985 --> 04:11:10,486
TO TO FIND OTHERS WHO ARE LIKE

5742
04:11:10,486 --> 04:11:12,588
THEM -- COMMUNITIES TOGETHER TO

5743
04:11:12,588 --> 04:11:14,624
FIND OTHERS LEARN TOGETHER AND

5744
04:11:14,624 --> 04:11:15,758
OPTIMIZE TREATMENT STRATEGIES

5745
04:11:15,758 --> 04:11:17,360
AND CARE MOVING FORWARD SO WE

5746
04:11:17,360 --> 04:11:20,796
TAKE THIS VERY SERIOUSLY AND

5747
04:11:20,796 --> 04:11:23,032
THERE IS MORE THAT IS INSPIRING

5748
04:11:23,032 --> 04:11:25,568
US FROM THE EUROPEAN MODELS. 

5749
04:11:25,568 --> 04:11:27,170
AGAIN THE DUTCH ARE PUTTING THE

5750
04:11:27,170 --> 04:11:28,371
POWER BACK IN THE HANDS OF THE

5751
04:11:28,371 --> 04:11:29,605
PEOPLE THAT CONTRIBUTE THE DATA

5752
04:11:29,605 --> 04:11:32,508
SO THAT THROUGH THE DIGITAL

5753
04:11:32,508 --> 04:11:33,743
PRINTS THEY CAN ENABLE AND

5754
04:11:33,743 --> 04:11:36,212
DECIDE WHAT DATA TO SHARE AND

5755
04:11:36,212 --> 04:11:38,014
THEY ARE PART OF LEARNING, WE

5756
04:11:38,014 --> 04:11:39,482
IMMEDIATE TO MAKE DATA SIMPLE

5757
04:11:39,482 --> 04:11:41,350
ENOUGH TO LEARN AND TO

5758
04:11:41,350 --> 04:11:44,453
UNDERSTAND. FROM US METABOLISM

5759
04:11:44,453 --> 04:11:48,324
IS CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH, THERE

5760
04:11:48,324 --> 04:11:50,560
IS A LOT WE CAN SHARE. I HOPE WE

5761
04:11:50,560 --> 04:11:52,128
CAN DO THIS WITH A POINTER. AS

5762
04:11:52,128 --> 04:11:55,565
WE START TO LOOK AT THE POINTER

5763
04:11:55,565 --> 04:11:59,202
BASELINE WITH THE TEAM, TO BE

5764
04:11:59,202 --> 04:12:00,870
ABLE TO REDUCE COMPLEXITY OF A

5765
04:12:00,870 --> 04:12:02,104
THOUSAND THINGS WE MEASURE AND

5766
04:12:02,104 --> 04:12:04,874
BE ABLE TO TELL THEM I CAN GIVE

5767
04:12:04,874 --> 04:12:08,411
YOU SOMETHING MORE THAN GLUCOSE

5768
04:12:08,411 --> 04:12:10,179
THAT WOULD TELL YOU SOMETHING

5769
04:12:10,179 --> 04:12:10,513
ABOUT THAT.

5770
04:12:10,513 --> 04:12:12,348
>> I JUST BRIEFLY ALSO
MENTION

5771
04:12:12,348 --> 04:12:14,417
THAT FOR THE ACCELERATING

5772
04:12:14,417 --> 04:12:17,053
MEDICINES PARTNERSHIP AT THE

5773
04:12:17,053 --> 04:12:18,955
NEXT PLACE FOR PARKINSON DISEASE

5774
04:12:18,955 --> 04:12:20,823
AND RELATED DATES ORDERS WE ARE

5775
04:12:20,823 --> 04:12:22,291
INTEGRATED PERSONS WITH LIVED

5776
04:12:22,291 --> 04:12:23,292
EXPERIENCE PATIENTS AND

5777
04:12:23,292 --> 04:12:26,429
CAREGIVERS INTO OUR STEERING

5778
04:12:26,429 --> 04:12:27,463
COMMITTEE AS WELL AS BOSHING

5779
04:12:27,463 --> 04:12:30,132
GROUPS AND THIS IS A MODEL WE

5780
04:12:30,132 --> 04:12:32,034
RECENTLY -- WORKING GROUPS. THIS

5781
04:12:32,034 --> 04:12:34,704
IS ALSO A MODEL FOR ACCELERATING

5782
04:12:34,704 --> 04:12:36,939
MEDICINE. 

5783
04:12:36,939 --> 04:12:39,075
>> MIGHT MAKE A COMMENT ON

5784
04:12:39,075 --> 04:12:43,946
REDUCING COMPLEXITY. COMPLEXITY

5785
04:12:43,946 --> 04:12:45,448
BRINGS INFORMATION, YOU CAN

5786
04:12:45,448 --> 04:12:48,084
REDUCE COMPLEXITY AND REDUCE THE

5787
04:12:48,084 --> 04:12:50,086
FORMATIVENESS OF THE DATA. I

5788
04:12:50,086 --> 04:12:54,123
THINK THE REALLY SUIT IS

5789
04:12:54,123 --> 04:12:54,890
MAXIMIZING SCIENTIFIC

5790
04:12:54,890 --> 04:12:57,193
OPPORTUNITY. THAT DOES MEAN THAT

5791
04:12:57,193 --> 04:13:00,263
THERE IS A TRADE OFF HERE OF

5792
04:13:00,263 --> 04:13:01,864
CONSTRAINING SOME INTELLECTUAL

5793
04:13:01,864 --> 04:13:04,300
FREEDOM. ONE EXAMPLE. IF YOU GO

5794
04:13:04,300 --> 04:13:06,602
TO THE UK AND YOU HAVE TO GET A

5795
04:13:06,602 --> 04:13:12,141
PLUG ADAPTER. IT IS A REAL PAIN.

5796
04:13:12,141 --> 04:13:13,242
JUST IMAGINE EVERY CITY IN THE

5797
04:13:13,242 --> 04:13:16,979
UK HAD A DIFFERENT PLUG ADAPTER.

5798
04:13:16,979 --> 04:13:17,780
YOUR OPPORTUNITY WOULD BE

5799
04:13:17,780 --> 04:13:19,548
LIMITED BUT YOUR FREEDOM WOULD

5800
04:13:19,548 --> 04:13:21,350
BE WONDERFUL IF YOU LIVE IN THAT

5801
04:13:21,350 --> 04:13:24,887
CITCITY. THERE REALLY IS A CASER

5802
04:13:24,887 --> 04:13:27,590
CENTRALIZATION DISCUSSION

5803
04:13:27,590 --> 04:13:29,492
COMMUNITY-LED LIMITATION OF %-

5804
04:13:29,492 --> 04:13:32,461
LIKE CONSTRAINING OF INNOVATION

5805
04:13:32,461 --> 04:13:34,463
IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN AND

5806
04:13:34,463 --> 04:13:36,132
MAXIMIZE OPPORTUNITIES. BECAUSE

5807
04:13:36,132 --> 04:13:38,000
IT WILL BE OPPORTUNITY WHICH

5808
04:13:38,000 --> 04:13:39,402
ACTUALLY BRINGS RESULT AND

5809
04:13:39,402 --> 04:13:42,271
GENERATES THE WORK, NOT SOME

5810
04:13:42,271 --> 04:13:44,373
CRACK POT ACADEMIC HAVING A

5811
04:13:44,373 --> 04:13:46,809
BRIGHT IDEA HOW WE WOULD LIKE TO

5812
04:13:46,809 --> 04:13:51,714
MAKE THIS DATA, IT IS

5813
04:13:51,714 --> 04:13:53,015
HYPOTHESIS. I KNOW THE THOUGHTS

5814
04:13:53,015 --> 04:13:56,552
ARE NOT NORMALLY ENCOURAGED, BUT

5815
04:13:56,552 --> 04:13:58,688
I DO PUT TO YOU WOULD YOU RATHER

5816
04:13:58,688 --> 04:14:04,960
HAVE TO HAVE ONE IN PLACE OR 50

5817
04:14:04,960 --> 04:14:05,261
IN PLACE.

5818
04:14:05,261 --> 04:14:06,929
>> I THINK WE HAVE TIME
FOR ONE

5819
04:14:06,929 --> 04:14:07,263
LAST QUESTION.

5820
04:14:07,263 --> 04:14:07,830
>> NO.

5821
04:14:07,830 --> 04:14:08,664
>> NO.

5822
04:14:08,664 --> 04:14:11,233
>> WE DON'T. OKAY.

5823
04:14:11,233 --> 04:14:14,704
>> COULD I JUST MAKE A
POINT

5824
04:14:14,704 --> 04:14:16,605
THOUGH THAT I WAS OF

5825
04:14:16,605 --> 04:14:17,306
(OVERLAPPING SPEAKERS) FOR THOSE

5826
04:14:17,306 --> 04:14:19,041
OF YOU THAT ARE NEW TO THE

5827
04:14:19,041 --> 04:14:21,243
FIELD, AND ALSO YOU THAT ARE

5828
04:14:21,243 --> 04:14:22,378
WONDERING WHAT RESOURCES ARE OUT

5829
04:14:22,378 --> 04:14:23,746
THERE. AS YOU HEAR, THERE IS A

5830
04:14:23,746 --> 04:14:26,549
LOT OF COLLABORATIVE WORK GOING

5831
04:14:26,549 --> 04:14:27,583
ON BETWEEN THESE DATA

5832
04:14:27,583 --> 04:14:28,718
REPOSITORIES.  REACH OUT TO ONE

5833
04:14:28,718 --> 04:14:32,021
OF THEM. REACH OUT TO THE AD

5834
04:14:32,021 --> 04:14:34,023
KNOWLEDGE PORTAL DISCUSSION

5835
04:14:34,023 --> 04:14:35,458
FORUM, POSE A QUESTION AND THEY

5836
04:14:35,458 --> 04:14:37,026
CAN HELP YOU NAVIGATE THIS

5837
04:14:37,026 --> 04:14:38,260
ECOSYSTEM.

5838
04:14:38,260 --> 04:14:39,962
>> THANK YOU. WITH THAT WE
WANT

5839
04:14:39,962 --> 04:14:42,565
TO THANK OUR SESSION 7 SPEAKERS.

5840
04:14:42,565 --> 04:14:46,736
>> THANKS TO ALL THE
SPEAKERS

5841
04:14:46,736 --> 04:14:48,070
AND THANK YOU TO THE AUDIENCE.

5842
04:14:48,070 --> 04:14:48,637
>> THANK YOU.

5843
04:14:48,637 --> 04:14:50,906
>> WE ARE GOING TO TAKE AN
HOUR

5844
04:14:50,906 --> 04:14:52,608
BREAK FOR LUNCH, BUT BEFORE WE

5845
04:14:52,608 --> 04:14:54,944
DO, SARAH WOULD YOU LIKE TO

5846
04:14:54,944 --> 04:14:56,612
BRIEFLY TALK ABOUT THIS FLASH

5847
04:14:56,612 --> 04:14:58,114
SIGHT THAT IS UP?

5848
04:14:58,114 --> 04:15:00,649
>> ACTUALLY I JUST THANK
YOU FOR

5849
04:15:00,649 --> 04:15:03,219
THE OPPORTUNITY TO MENTION THIS.

5850
04:15:03,219 --> 04:15:05,988
SO ANDY AND MYSELF AND CATHY ARE

5851
04:15:05,988 --> 04:15:09,225
SPECIAL EDITORS FOR -- I'M

5852
04:15:09,225 --> 04:15:11,327
SORRY, GUEST ED TOFERS FOR

5853
04:15:11,327 --> 04:15:14,029
SPECIAL INTERVIEW OF ALZHEIMER'S

5854
04:15:14,029 --> 04:15:16,499
DEMENTIA, WILL BE FOCUSED ON THE

5855
04:15:16,499 --> 04:15:18,868
40TH ANNIVERSARY OF ADRC PROGRAM

5856
04:15:18,868 --> 04:15:21,570
AND 25TH OF NAC. THE GOAL IS TO

5857
04:15:21,570 --> 04:15:23,572
HIGHLIGHT IMPACT THESE PROGRAMS

5858
04:15:23,572 --> 04:15:27,143
HAVE HAD ON ADVANCING ADRD

5859
04:15:27,143 --> 04:15:28,778
TRANSLATION DISCOVERY AND

5860
04:15:28,778 --> 04:15:29,545
ONGOING CLINICAL ROLE IN

5861
04:15:29,545 --> 04:15:31,147
TACKLING THE PRESSING CHALLENGES

5862
04:15:31,147 --> 04:15:32,415
IN THE FIELD MANY WHICH

5863
04:15:32,415 --> 04:15:33,582
DISCUSSED TODAY SO IF YOU ARE

5864
04:15:33,582 --> 04:15:35,017
INTERESTED IN SUBMITTING TO THE

5865
04:15:35,017 --> 04:15:37,019
OPEN CALL FOR THAT, THAT IS DUE

5866
04:15:37,019 --> 04:15:39,388
ON DECEMBER 31 AND WE THOUGHT IT

5867
04:15:39,388 --> 04:15:41,624
WOULD BE A BIG OPPORTUNITY, SO

5868
04:15:41,624 --> 04:15:43,926
MANY PEOPLE TALKED ABOUT USING

5869
04:15:43,926 --> 04:15:47,696
MAP DATA AS WELL AS OTHER ADRC

5870
04:15:47,696 --> 04:15:49,398
DATA, VERY INTERESTING WAYS AT

5871
04:15:49,398 --> 04:15:50,299
THIS CONFERENCE SO THANKS,

5872
04:15:50,299 --> 04:15:53,538
EVERYONE. 

5873
04:15:56,000 --> 04:15:57,334
>> GOOD AFTERNOON,
EVERYONE,

5874
04:15:57,334 --> 04:15:58,402
WELCOME TO THE NEAR FINAL

5875
04:15:58,402 --> 04:16:00,137
SESSION OF THIS ABSOLUTELY

5876
04:16:00,137 --> 04:16:00,904
FANTASTIC MEETING.

5877
04:16:00,904 --> 04:16:02,840
IT'S SUCH AN HONOR TO WITNESS

5878
04:16:02,840 --> 04:16:04,174
FIRSTHAND THE TRUE

5879
04:16:04,174 --> 04:16:06,343
TRANSFORMATION TAKING PLACE IN

5880
04:16:06,343 --> 04:16:08,112
THE FIELD OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

5881
04:16:08,112 --> 04:16:09,513
THANKS ON THE PIONEERING EFFORTS

5882
04:16:09,513 --> 04:16:10,748
OF ALL OF YOU THAT HAVE BEEN

5883
04:16:10,748 --> 04:16:13,150
SHARED AT THIS GROUNDBREAKING

5884
04:16:13,150 --> 04:16:13,517
MEETING.

5885
04:16:13,517 --> 04:16:15,319
THESE LAST THREE DAYS HAVE MEANT

5886
04:16:15,319 --> 04:16:17,288
SO MUCH FOR ME ON MY JOURNEY,

5887
04:16:17,288 --> 04:16:18,922
THE LAST ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

5888
04:16:18,922 --> 04:16:23,193
SUMMIT I ATTENDED WAS IN 2015 25

5889
04:16:23,193 --> 04:16:24,728
AND THE WORLD WAS A DIFFERENT

5890
04:16:24,728 --> 04:16:25,062
PLACE.

5891
04:16:25,062 --> 04:16:26,797
FOR MANY OF YOU WHO HAVE BEEN IN

5892
04:16:26,797 --> 04:16:28,799
THIS FIELD FOR SO LONG, YOU

5893
04:16:28,799 --> 04:16:30,000
REMEMBER IF YOU THINK BACK TO

5894
04:16:30,000 --> 04:16:31,935
TEN YEARS AGO, THE NAPA

5895
04:16:31,935 --> 04:16:33,604
INITIATIVE WAS JUST KICKING OFF,

5896
04:16:33,604 --> 04:16:36,240
THE BAPANUS TRIALS WERE JUST

5897
04:16:36,240 --> 04:16:40,811
READING OUT AND WE WERE

5898
04:16:40,811 --> 04:16:43,247
STARTING TO USE TERMS LIKE DATA

5899
04:16:43,247 --> 04:16:46,083
SHARING, BACK IN 2015.

5900
04:16:46,083 --> 04:16:49,386
TEN YEARS AGO, I WAS ASKED TO

5901
04:16:49,386 --> 04:16:50,888
WRITE A MANUSCRIPT AROUND MY

5902
04:16:50,888 --> 04:16:52,323
PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL

5903
04:16:52,323 --> 04:16:54,825
JOURNEY, AND IT WAS A CALL TO

5904
04:16:54,825 --> 04:16:57,161
ACTION PUBLISHED AS A

5905
04:16:57,161 --> 04:17:00,097
PERSPECTIVE REVIEW ENTITLED: 

5906
04:17:00,097 --> 04:17:01,098
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, FROM

5907
04:17:01,098 --> 04:17:02,733
RESEARCHER TO CAREGIVER, A

5908
04:17:02,733 --> 04:17:04,935
PERSONAL JOURNEY AND CALL TO

5909
04:17:04,935 --> 04:17:05,169
ACTION.

5910
04:17:05,169 --> 04:17:06,370
THAT WAS WHEN MY MOTHER WAS

5911
04:17:06,370 --> 04:17:08,772
STILL ALIVE, AND STILL TO THIS

5912
04:17:08,772 --> 04:17:11,709
DAY, IT KEEPS ME UP AT NIGHT,

5913
04:17:11,709 --> 04:17:12,910
OFTENTIMES IN THE PAST FEELING

5914
04:17:12,910 --> 04:17:14,211
HOPELESS THAT I COULDN'T HELP

5915
04:17:14,211 --> 04:17:16,647
HER, BUT TODAY I'M JUST SO

5916
04:17:16,647 --> 04:17:17,514
INVIGORATED TO SEE THE PROGRESS

5917
04:17:17,514 --> 04:17:20,384
IN THIS FIELD AND TRULY HAVE

5918
04:17:20,384 --> 04:17:22,252
HOPE FOR THE FUTURE.

5919
04:17:22,252 --> 04:17:24,421
TODAY, WE GATHER IN THIS UNIQUE

5920
04:17:24,421 --> 04:17:27,157
SESSION TO FOCUS ON REGULATORY

5921
04:17:27,157 --> 04:17:31,428
SCIENCES, A TOPIC THAT IS SO

5922
04:17:31,428 --> 04:17:33,630
OVERLOOKED AND WAY TOO OFTEN

5923
04:17:33,630 --> 04:17:34,098
MISINTERPRETED.

5924
04:17:34,098 --> 04:17:36,567
SO WHAT DOES THE TERM REGULATORY

5925
04:17:36,567 --> 04:17:38,969
INNOVATION TRULY MEAN?

5926
04:17:38,969 --> 04:17:41,405
TODAY, IN THIS UNIQUE PANEL, YOU

5927
04:17:41,405 --> 04:17:44,575
WILL HEAR FROM DISTINGUISHED

5928
04:17:44,575 --> 04:17:45,976
LEADERS ACROSS DIFFERENT CENTERS

5929
04:17:45,976 --> 04:17:48,278
AND DIVISIONS AT THE FDA TO

5930
04:17:48,278 --> 04:17:51,281
SHARE THEIR INSIGHTS AND

5931
04:17:51,281 --> 04:17:51,582
EXAMPLES.

5932
04:17:51,582 --> 04:17:54,685
THE THEMES OF MODEL INFORMED

5933
04:17:54,685 --> 04:17:56,353
DRUG DEVELOPMENT, PATIENT

5934
04:17:56,353 --> 04:17:57,855
FOCUSED DRUG DEVELOPMENT,

5935
04:17:57,855 --> 04:17:59,289
COMPLEXIN NOTICE VAI TV TRIAL

5936
04:17:59,289 --> 04:18:01,024
DESIGNS, BIOMARKERS INCLUDING

5937
04:18:01,024 --> 04:18:02,793
REASONABLY LIKELY SURROGATE

5938
04:18:02,793 --> 04:18:05,295
ENDPOINTS, AND ACCELERATED

5939
04:18:05,295 --> 04:18:06,830
APPROVAL, WERE PIONEERED IN

5940
04:18:06,830 --> 04:18:09,233
NEARLY ALL CASES IN ALZHEIMER'S

5941
04:18:09,233 --> 04:18:11,201
DISEASE AT THE FDA.

5942
04:18:11,201 --> 04:18:13,637
SUCH NOVEL STRATEGIES HAVE PAVED

5943
04:18:13,637 --> 04:18:15,706
THE PATH IN THAT OTHER DISEASE

5944
04:18:15,706 --> 04:18:17,341
AREAS ARE FOLLOWING.

5945
04:18:17,341 --> 04:18:18,642
THE PRINCIPLES YOU WILL HEAR

5946
04:18:18,642 --> 04:18:21,278
ABOUT IN THIS SESSION ARE BEING

5947
04:18:21,278 --> 04:18:23,147
APPLIED ACROSS MANY DISORDERS,

5948
04:18:23,147 --> 04:18:24,882
INCLUDING RARE CHRONIC

5949
04:18:24,882 --> 04:18:26,550
PROGRESSIVE DISORDERS THAT ARE

5950
04:18:26,550 --> 04:18:29,586
HAVING APPROVALS FOR THE FIRST

5951
04:18:29,586 --> 04:18:29,920
TIME.

5952
04:18:29,920 --> 04:18:32,122
HOW UNPRECEDENTED IS THAT?

5953
04:18:32,122 --> 04:18:33,424
DETERMINING THE SAFETY AND

5954
04:18:33,424 --> 04:18:34,591
EFFECTIVENESS OF NEW MEDICATIONS

5955
04:18:34,591 --> 04:18:37,027
IS VERY, VERY HARD TO DO.

5956
04:18:37,027 --> 04:18:38,929
TWHEAN FROM MY YEARS THERE -- I

5957
04:18:38,929 --> 04:18:40,297
KNOW THAT FROM MY YEARS IN

5958
04:18:40,297 --> 04:18:41,365
INDUSTRY, BUT THE REGULATORY

5959
04:18:41,365 --> 04:18:43,066
SIDE OF THIS I THINK VERY FEW

5960
04:18:43,066 --> 04:18:45,335
APPRECIATE HOW DIFFICULT THIS

5961
04:18:45,335 --> 04:18:45,736
IS.

5962
04:18:45,736 --> 04:18:48,071
OUR AGENCY COLLEAGUES ARE

5963
04:18:48,071 --> 04:18:49,506
PARTNERS WITH US AT CRITICAL

5964
04:18:49,506 --> 04:18:51,341
PATH INSTITUTE, AND WE'RE SO

5965
04:18:51,341 --> 04:18:52,543
GRATEFUL FOR THE LONG TIME

5966
04:18:52,543 --> 04:18:54,978
SUPPORT AND FUNDING OF THE

5967
04:18:54,978 --> 04:18:59,016
NEARLY 20 YEARS SINCE CPATH WAS

5968
04:18:59,016 --> 04:18:59,349
FOUNDED.

5969
04:18:59,349 --> 04:19:01,952
IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE THE C

5970
04:19:01,952 --> 04:19:03,587
PATH COALITION AGAINST MAJOR

5971
04:19:03,587 --> 04:19:04,488
DISEASES WAS ONE OF THE FIRST TO

5972
04:19:04,488 --> 04:19:05,923
TAKE ON THE TASK OF SHARING

5973
04:19:05,923 --> 04:19:07,458
CLINICAL TRIAL DATA FROM

5974
04:19:07,458 --> 04:19:09,092
ALZHEIMER'S TRIALS MOST OF WHICH

5975
04:19:09,092 --> 04:19:12,596
HAD FAILED IN THEIR GOAL TO

5976
04:19:12,596 --> 04:19:13,163
ACHIEVE DISEASE-MODIFYING

5977
04:19:13,163 --> 04:19:13,430
ACTIVITY.

5978
04:19:13,430 --> 04:19:15,432
THIS DATA WAS USED TO ACHIEVE

5979
04:19:15,432 --> 04:19:19,503
THE FIRST-EVER IN SILICO DRUG

5980
04:19:19,503 --> 04:19:22,139
DISEASE TRIAL MODEL IN 2013.

5981
04:19:22,139 --> 04:19:24,208
THIS ACHIEVEMENT SET THE

5982
04:19:24,208 --> 04:19:25,108
LANDSCAPE OF WHAT YOU'RE GOING

5983
04:19:25,108 --> 04:19:27,845
TO HEAR ABOUT TODAY ON THE FDA'S

5984
04:19:27,845 --> 04:19:30,681
NEW QUANTITATIVE CENTER,

5985
04:19:30,681 --> 04:19:32,082
QUANTITATIVE MEDICINE CENTER OF

5986
04:19:32,082 --> 04:19:34,051
EXCELLENCE THAT YOU'RE GOING TO

5987
04:19:34,051 --> 04:19:34,718
HEAR OF.

5988
04:19:34,718 --> 04:19:37,354
WE ALSO ACHIEVED IN 2015 THE

5989
04:19:37,354 --> 04:19:39,656
FIRST EVER LETTER OF SUPPORT FOR

5990
04:19:39,656 --> 04:19:41,492
ALZHEIMER'S BIOMARKERS, WAY A

5991
04:19:41,492 --> 04:19:44,461
LONG TIME AGO WHEN IT WAS A BETA

5992
04:19:44,461 --> 04:19:49,800
AND CFS AND TAONCFS AND WE KNOW

5993
04:19:49,800 --> 04:19:50,701
HOW THAT'S BEEN TRANSFORMED TO

5994
04:19:50,701 --> 04:19:52,202
BLOOD BASED BIOMARKERS.

5995
04:19:52,202 --> 04:19:53,971
JUST A FEW WEEKS AGO,

5996
04:19:53,971 --> 04:19:55,272
FAST-FORWARD TO TODAY, THE FDA

5997
04:19:55,272 --> 04:19:57,274
JUST SIGNED A LETTER OF

5998
04:19:57,274 --> 04:19:59,676
SUPPORT,IC CHRISTINE MENTIONED

5999
04:19:59,676 --> 04:20:02,312
THIS, FOR THE USE OF CFSS OFFICE

6000
04:20:02,312 --> 04:20:04,281
NEW CLEE INTO SUPPORT CLINICAL

6001
04:20:04,281 --> 04:20:06,250
TRIALS OF DISORDERS THAT SHARE A

6002
04:20:06,250 --> 04:20:10,354
COMMON BIOLOGY OF SINUCLIIN,

6003
04:20:10,354 --> 04:20:12,256
THIS WAS A LANDMARK BECAUSE IT

6004
04:20:12,256 --> 04:20:13,657
TOOK ONLY THREE MONTHS AND SHOWS

6005
04:20:13,657 --> 04:20:15,225
THE URGENCY ACROSS DIVISIONS.

6006
04:20:15,225 --> 04:20:16,727
IN THIS SESSION, YOU WILL HEAR

6007
04:20:16,727 --> 04:20:19,229
FROM LEADERS AT THE CENTERS OF

6008
04:20:19,229 --> 04:20:22,733
EXCELLENCE IN MULTIPLE DIVISIONS

6009
04:20:22,733 --> 04:20:26,136
AND HOW THEY'RE APPROACHING AND

6010
04:20:26,136 --> 04:20:27,104
ADVANCING THERAPEUTIC INNOVATION

6011
04:20:27,104 --> 04:20:28,105
AND REGULATORY SCIENCE.

6012
04:20:28,105 --> 04:20:29,306
IT'S MY HOPE THAT YOU CAN

6013
04:20:29,306 --> 04:20:31,041
GENERATE IDEAS FROM THIS

6014
04:20:31,041 --> 04:20:32,576
DISCUSSION TODAY AND GENERATE

6015
04:20:32,576 --> 04:20:34,645
WAYS THAT YOU CAN WORK IN

6016
04:20:34,645 --> 04:20:36,747
PARTNERSHIP WITH THE AGENCY TO

6017
04:20:36,747 --> 04:20:37,814
ACCELERATE YOUR PROGRESS IN YOUR

6018
04:20:37,814 --> 04:20:39,049
OWN RESEARCH AND TRIALS.

6019
04:20:39,049 --> 04:20:47,357
THANK YOU.

6020
04:20:47,357 --> 04:20:49,526
JUST SPEAKING FOR THE FIRST

6021
04:20:49,526 --> 04:20:54,898
SPEAKER IN THE SESSION I THINK

6022
04:20:54,898 --> 04:21:05,609
IS DR. B DR. BU BURACCHIO.

6023
04:21:19,122 --> 04:21:26,563
>> I'M TERESA BURACCHIO,
I'M THE

6024
04:21:26,563 --> 04:21:30,033
DIRECTOR OF NEUROSCIENCE IN THE

6025
04:21:30,033 --> 04:21:31,702
CENTER FOR DRUGS.

6026
04:21:31,702 --> 04:21:32,803
OTHER NEUROLOGIC DISEASES AS

6027
04:21:32,803 --> 04:21:34,004
WELL WHEN WE'RE TALKING ABOUT

6028
04:21:34,004 --> 04:21:40,777
PRECISION THERAPIES.

6029
04:21:40,777 --> 04:21:43,747
SO, THIS MANTRA, RIGHT DRUG SHES

6030
04:21:43,747 --> 04:21:45,415
RIGHT PERSON, RIGHT TIME, I HAVE

6031
04:21:45,415 --> 04:21:46,817
SEEN ON A COUPLE SLIDES HERE

6032
04:21:46,817 --> 04:21:48,352
ALREADY AND HAS BEEN AROUND FOR

6033
04:21:48,352 --> 04:21:49,920
WHILE, BUT I USE THIS AS

6034
04:21:49,920 --> 04:21:51,855
SHORTHAND A LOT WHEN I THINK

6035
04:21:51,855 --> 04:21:53,256
ABOUT PRECISION MEDICINE IS WHAT

6036
04:21:53,256 --> 04:21:54,257
DOES IT MEAN TO ME AT THE

6037
04:21:54,257 --> 04:21:55,692
AGENCY, AND THIS IS WHAT I

6038
04:21:55,692 --> 04:21:55,892
THINK.

6039
04:21:55,892 --> 04:21:57,427
I THINK ABOUT THE RIGHT DRUG, IS

6040
04:21:57,427 --> 04:22:02,599
IT TARGETING THE RIGHT TARGETS

6041
04:22:02,599 --> 04:22:04,234
IN THE PATHOLOGIC PROCESS OF THE

6042
04:22:04,234 --> 04:22:05,869
DISEASE, ARE WE TREATING A

6043
04:22:05,869 --> 04:22:07,604
PERSON WHO HAS THOSE TARGETS,

6044
04:22:07,604 --> 04:22:11,208
WHO MANIFESTS THOSE PATHOLOGIC

6045
04:22:11,208 --> 04:22:12,743
PROCESSES, IN ALMOST ALL OF OUR

6046
04:22:12,743 --> 04:22:13,744
NEUROLOGIC I GO DISEASES THE

6047
04:22:13,744 --> 04:22:16,013
RIGHT TIME IS AS SOON AS

6048
04:22:16,013 --> 04:22:17,214
POSSIBLE -- NEUROLOGIC DISEASES,

6049
04:22:17,214 --> 04:22:18,882
THE RIGHT TIME IS AS SOON AS

6050
04:22:18,882 --> 04:22:20,183
POSSIBLE IF NOT YESTERDAY.

6051
04:22:20,183 --> 04:22:21,952
SO WE WANT TO GO AS EARLY AS

6052
04:22:21,952 --> 04:22:22,219
POSSIBLE.

6053
04:22:22,219 --> 04:22:23,487
IT'S IMPORTANT TO NOTE, THOUGH,

6054
04:22:23,487 --> 04:22:25,455
THAT WE CAN ONLY ADDRESS THIS TO

6055
04:22:25,455 --> 04:22:27,991
SOME EXTENT IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT

6056
04:22:27,991 --> 04:22:29,826
AND APPROVING A DRUG IS ONLY THE

6057
04:22:29,826 --> 04:22:31,361
FIRST STEP IN THE PROCESS.

6058
04:22:31,361 --> 04:22:32,796
A LOT OF WHAT HAPPENS WITH

6059
04:22:32,796 --> 04:22:34,564
PRECISION MEDICINE HAPPENS AFTER

6060
04:22:34,564 --> 04:22:36,400
DRUG APPROVAL, AND WHEN WE SEE

6061
04:22:36,400 --> 04:22:38,935
HOW THE DRUG IS USED IN THE REAL

6062
04:22:38,935 --> 04:22:39,169
WORLD.

6063
04:22:39,169 --> 04:22:41,104
SO A LOT OF THE DISCUSSION THAT

6064
04:22:41,104 --> 04:22:42,873
IS WE'VE HAD TODAY ARE HOW TO

6065
04:22:42,873 --> 04:22:44,174
LEVERAGE DATA THAT'S ACCRUING

6066
04:22:44,174 --> 04:22:46,076
BOTH IN THE REAL WORLD AND

6067
04:22:46,076 --> 04:22:47,711
THROUGH RESEARCH STUDIES, SO

6068
04:22:47,711 --> 04:22:49,446
IT'S IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND HOW

6069
04:22:49,446 --> 04:22:51,181
TO APPLY THOSE PRINCIPLES EVEN

6070
04:22:51,181 --> 04:22:52,849
AFTER A DRUG IS APPROVED.

6071
04:22:52,849 --> 04:22:54,451
THERE'S ONLY SO MANY THINGS WE

6072
04:22:54,451 --> 04:22:55,719
CAN ACCOUNT FOR WITHIN THE

6073
04:22:55,719 --> 04:22:57,554
SETTING OF A CLINICAL TRIAL, BUT

6074
04:22:57,554 --> 04:22:59,189
WHEN IT GOES OUT, A DRUG GOES

6075
04:22:59,189 --> 04:23:00,757
OUT INTO THE REAL WORLD IS WHEN

6076
04:23:00,757 --> 04:23:02,192
WE REALLY START TO SEE HOW WE

6077
04:23:02,192 --> 04:23:05,228
CAN USE THESE DRUGS OPTIMALLY IN

6078
04:23:05,228 --> 04:23:10,467
THE CLINIC.

6079
04:23:10,467 --> 04:23:14,404
SO AS I MENTIONED, WE THINK

6080
04:23:14,404 --> 04:23:15,739
BROADLY AT THE AGENCY, ALTHOUGH

6081
04:23:15,739 --> 04:23:17,074
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS A REALLY

6082
04:23:17,074 --> 04:23:18,909
LARGE PORTION OF OUR PORTFOLIO

6083
04:23:18,909 --> 04:23:20,110
WITHIN THE OFFICE OF

6084
04:23:20,110 --> 04:23:21,878
NEUROSCIENCE, WE SEE ALL

6085
04:23:21,878 --> 04:23:23,814
NEUROLOGIC DISEASES.

6086
04:23:23,814 --> 04:23:26,016
SO WE HAVE A LOT OF EXAMPLES OF

6087
04:23:26,016 --> 04:23:27,884
TARGETED THERAPIES IN NEUROLOGY,

6088
04:23:27,884 --> 04:23:30,721
AND THNTS AN EXHAUSTIVE LIST --

6089
04:23:30,721 --> 04:23:32,889
THNTS AN EXHAUSTIVE LIST -- THIS

6090
04:23:32,889 --> 04:23:34,524
IS NOT AN EXHAUSTIVE LIST, IT'S

6091
04:23:34,524 --> 04:23:36,426
SOME OF THE MORE RECENT

6092
04:23:36,426 --> 04:23:36,960
APPROVALS.

6093
04:23:36,960 --> 04:23:38,395
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS ONE OF

6094
04:23:38,395 --> 04:23:39,429
THE MORE RECENT APPROVALS THAT

6095
04:23:39,429 --> 04:23:41,264
WE'VE HAD IN A LONG LITANY OF

6096
04:23:41,264 --> 04:23:43,667
DRUGS OF TARGETED THERAPIES, AND

6097
04:23:43,667 --> 04:23:45,635
I'LL POINT OUT A FEW NOTABLE

6098
04:23:45,635 --> 04:23:46,837
ONES THAT I THINK HAVE BEEN

6099
04:23:46,837 --> 04:23:49,773
PRETTY EXCITING FOR US, WHICH IS

6100
04:23:49,773 --> 04:23:56,580
THE ALS SOD1 MUTATION WHICH IS

6101
04:23:56,580 --> 04:23:57,581
AN ANTI-SENSE AL GOA NUCLEOTIDE

6102
04:23:57,581 --> 04:24:03,587
THAT BINDS SOD1 mRNA AND SOD1

6103
04:24:03,587 --> 04:24:05,889
TROWKS GIVE AN ACCELERATED

6104
04:24:05,889 --> 04:24:06,990
APPROVAL TO THAT DRUG AND THAT

6105
04:24:06,990 --> 04:24:08,191
GOT A LOT OF PRESS AT THE TIME

6106
04:24:08,191 --> 04:24:10,393
AND IT WAS A PRETTY EXCITING

6107
04:24:10,393 --> 04:24:12,696
APPLICATION FOR US TO REVIEW AS

6108
04:24:12,696 --> 04:24:13,330
WELL.

6109
04:24:13,330 --> 04:24:15,766
AND ANOTHER JUST EXAMPLE OF A

6110
04:24:15,766 --> 04:24:18,268
TARGETED THERAPY THAT HAS HAD A

6111
04:24:18,268 --> 04:24:25,609
BIG EFFECT IS THE HEREDITARY

6112
04:24:25,609 --> 04:24:26,510
TRANCETHYRETEN-MEDIATED

6113
04:24:26,510 --> 04:24:27,844
AMYLOIDOSIS FOR POLYNEUROPATHY,

6114
04:24:27,844 --> 04:24:29,646
AN EXAMPLE WHERE WE'VE BEEN ABLE

6115
04:24:29,646 --> 04:24:31,748
TO HAVE A HIGH QUALITY BIOMARKER

6116
04:24:31,748 --> 04:24:33,483
THAT'S VERY RELIABLE AND

6117
04:24:33,483 --> 04:24:34,785
REDUCTIONS WERE REALLY

6118
04:24:34,785 --> 04:24:37,220
PREDICTIVE OF BENEFITS.

6119
04:24:37,220 --> 04:24:38,622
THAT RECEIVED A STANDARD

6120
04:24:38,622 --> 04:24:40,390
APPROVAL, NOT AN ACCELERATED

6121
04:24:40,390 --> 04:24:41,558
APPROVAL, BUT I THINK IT REALLY

6122
04:24:41,558 --> 04:24:43,426
SHOWED HOW A VERY TARGETED

6123
04:24:43,426 --> 04:24:45,829
THERAPY COULD HAVE A LARGE

6124
04:24:45,829 --> 04:24:46,830
IMPACT.

6125
04:24:46,830 --> 04:24:48,598
NOW, WE KNOW ALSO, THOUGH, THAT

6126
04:24:48,598 --> 04:24:51,368
DISEASES ARE COMPLEX, AND EVEN

6127
04:24:51,368 --> 04:24:55,005
THOUGH WE TARGET ONE PIECE OF

6128
04:24:55,005 --> 04:24:57,140
THE DISEASE, IT'S REALLY A PIECE

6129
04:24:57,140 --> 04:24:58,375
OF THE PUZZLE.

6130
04:24:58,375 --> 04:25:00,277
AND THERE'S A LOT, MANY OTHER

6131
04:25:00,277 --> 04:25:01,645
TARGETS THAT COULD BE TARGETED.

6132
04:25:01,645 --> 04:25:03,180
SO WE RECOGNIZE THAT IN A

6133
04:25:03,180 --> 04:25:04,915
SETTING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE,

6134
04:25:04,915 --> 04:25:06,783
ALTHOUGH WE NOW HAVE SOME

6135
04:25:06,783 --> 04:25:08,652
AMYLOID TARGETED THERAPIES, THAT

6136
04:25:08,652 --> 04:25:09,820
THAT'S NOT GOING ON CURE THE

6137
04:25:09,820 --> 04:25:11,154
DISEASE AND WE NEED TO CONTINUE

6138
04:25:11,154 --> 04:25:13,557
TO UNDERSTAND OTHER TARGETS AS

6139
04:25:13,557 --> 04:25:13,890
WELL.

6140
04:25:13,890 --> 04:25:15,592
AND IT'S GOING TO BE, AND IT MAY

6141
04:25:15,592 --> 04:25:17,928
NOT JUST BE DRUGS THERE, MAY BE

6142
04:25:17,928 --> 04:25:21,131
OTHER MODIFIABLE FACTORS IN

6143
04:25:21,131 --> 04:25:22,432
LIFESTYLE THAT WILL ALSO COME

6144
04:25:22,432 --> 04:25:23,300
INTO PLAY.

6145
04:25:23,300 --> 04:25:25,735
SO WE DO RECOGNIZE THAT, AND,

6146
04:25:25,735 --> 04:25:28,572
YOU KNOW, IT'S NOT THAT THE

6147
04:25:28,572 --> 04:25:29,973
AMYLOID BETA DIRECTED ANTIBODIES

6148
04:25:29,973 --> 04:25:31,308
ARE GOING TO BE THE ANSWER, BUT

6149
04:25:31,308 --> 04:25:35,545
THEY'LL BE ONE PIECE OF THE

6150
04:25:35,545 --> 04:25:36,046
ANSWER.

6151
04:25:36,046 --> 04:25:39,182
SO WHAT IS CRITICAL FOR DRUG

6152
04:25:39,182 --> 04:25:40,917
DEVELOPMENT AND HAVING PRECISION

6153
04:25:40,917 --> 04:25:42,686
THERAPIES OR TARGETED THERAPIES

6154
04:25:42,686 --> 04:25:44,955
IS HAVING A BIOLOGIC BASED

6155
04:25:44,955 --> 04:25:47,924
DEFINITION OF A DISEASE, AND

6156
04:25:47,924 --> 04:25:49,459
THIS HAS REALLY ONLY BEEN

6157
04:25:49,459 --> 04:25:50,560
POSSIBLE IN THE LAST 20 YEARS OR

6158
04:25:50,560 --> 04:25:52,395
SO IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE WHEN

6159
04:25:52,395 --> 04:25:53,163
WE'VE HAD THE DEVELOPMENT

6160
04:25:53,163 --> 04:25:54,831
ACCURATE AND RELIABLE BIOMARKERS

6161
04:25:54,831 --> 04:25:56,233
THAT PROVIDE AN INCREASED

6162
04:25:56,233 --> 04:25:58,668
UNDERSTANDING OF THE DISEASE

6163
04:25:58,668 --> 04:26:00,837
PROCESSES IN VIVO.

6164
04:26:00,837 --> 04:26:03,673
AND MORE RECENTLY WEEIVEL ABLE

6165
04:26:03,673 --> 04:26:04,875
TO -- WE'VE BEEN ABLE TO MOVE

6166
04:26:04,875 --> 04:26:06,610
USING THESE BIOMARKERS FROM

6167
04:26:06,610 --> 04:26:08,278
DIAGNOSES BASED ON PHENOTYPE OR

6168
04:26:08,278 --> 04:26:09,713
CLINICAL SYMPTOMS TO DIAGNOSES

6169
04:26:09,713 --> 04:26:11,781
THAT ARE INFORMED BY ACTUAL

6170
04:26:11,781 --> 04:26:13,083
BIOMARKERS OF DISEASE PATHOLOGY

6171
04:26:13,083 --> 04:26:15,952
THAT WE CAN MEASURE IN LINE.

6172
04:26:15,952 --> 04:26:18,788
AND IT'S REALLY CRITICAL TO DRUG

6173
04:26:18,788 --> 04:26:19,689
DEVELOPMENT BECAUSE FOR A NUMBER

6174
04:26:19,689 --> 04:26:20,624
OF REASONS, AND I HIGHLIGHTED A

6175
04:26:20,624 --> 04:26:22,459
FEW OF THEM HERE, WHICH IS, YOU

6176
04:26:22,459 --> 04:26:25,228
KNOW, ALLOWS US FOR MORE PRECISE

6177
04:26:25,228 --> 04:26:26,429
DEFINITIONS OF DISEASE

6178
04:26:26,429 --> 04:26:27,764
POPULATIONS, IT FACILITATES THE

6179
04:26:27,764 --> 04:26:28,965
DEVELOPMENT OF TARGETED

6180
04:26:28,965 --> 04:26:30,267
THERAPIES, THE KEY PIECE OF THIS

6181
04:26:30,267 --> 04:26:32,869
IS REDUCING HETEROGENEITY IN

6182
04:26:32,869 --> 04:26:35,238
CLINICAL TRIALS, THE MORE

6183
04:26:35,238 --> 04:26:36,306
HOMOGENOUS WE CAN HAVE A

6184
04:26:36,306 --> 04:26:37,307
POPULATION, THE BETTER WE'LL BE

6185
04:26:37,307 --> 04:26:39,276
ABLE TO DEDUCT A SIGNAL,

6186
04:26:39,276 --> 04:26:40,343
ALTHOUGH AS I SAID WE DO

6187
04:26:40,343 --> 04:26:41,344
RECOGNIZE THAT WHEN THIS ROLLS

6188
04:26:41,344 --> 04:26:42,746
OUT INTO THE REAL WORLD, THERE

6189
04:26:42,746 --> 04:26:44,714
WILL BE MORE HETEROGENEITY THAT

6190
04:26:44,714 --> 04:26:46,816
WE'LL NEED TO UNDERSTAND.

6191
04:26:46,816 --> 04:26:49,653
IT'S INFORMATIVE TO PRESCRIBERS

6192
04:26:49,653 --> 04:26:51,087
TO IDENTIFY OPTIMAL THERAPIES

6193
04:26:51,087 --> 04:26:52,756
FOR PATIENTS, AND A CRITICAL

6194
04:26:52,756 --> 04:26:54,157
PIECE OF THIS IS THAT IT'S GOING

6195
04:26:54,157 --> 04:26:56,559
ON ALLOW US TO MOVE AS EARLY AS

6196
04:26:56,559 --> 04:26:58,094
POSSIBLE IN TREATING THESE

6197
04:26:58,094 --> 04:26:59,729
DISEASES AND IDEALLY I THINK WE

6198
04:26:59,729 --> 04:27:01,798
ALL WANT TO MOVE BEFORE SYMPTOMS

6199
04:27:01,798 --> 04:27:02,465
EVEN BEGIN.

6200
04:27:02,465 --> 04:27:07,771
WE WANT TO INTERVENE AS EARLY AS

6201
04:27:07,771 --> 04:27:08,271
POSSIBLE.

6202
04:27:08,271 --> 04:27:10,407
SO SOME EXAMPLES OF THIS IN

6203
04:27:10,407 --> 04:27:13,743
ALZHEIMER'S, WHICH I THINK

6204
04:27:13,743 --> 04:27:16,813
EVERYONE KNOWS ARE THE REVISED

6205
04:27:16,813 --> 04:27:18,148
CRITERIA FOR DIAGNOSING AND

6206
04:27:18,148 --> 04:27:24,054
STAGING PUBLISHED EARLY THIS

6207
04:27:24,054 --> 04:27:26,122
YEAR, AND IN BOTH OF THESE OUR

6208
04:27:26,122 --> 04:27:27,857
GUIDANCE IS ALIGNED VERY WELL

6209
04:27:27,857 --> 04:27:29,960
FOR THE CRITERIA FOR DIAGNOSIS

6210
04:27:29,960 --> 04:27:31,628
AND STAGE AND GO OUR GUIDANCE IS

6211
04:27:31,628 --> 04:27:34,130
BASED ON HAVING A BIOLOGIC BASED

6212
04:27:34,130 --> 04:27:36,333
DEFINITION OF DISEASE, WHICH IS

6213
04:27:36,333 --> 04:27:38,601
INFORMED BY BIOMARKERS, AS WELL

6214
04:27:38,601 --> 04:27:40,503
AS CLINICAL STAGING, AND IN OUR

6215
04:27:40,503 --> 04:27:42,038
GUIDANCE WE'RE ABLE TO, WE DO

6216
04:27:42,038 --> 04:27:46,076
GIVE SOME SPECIFIC OUTLINES FOR

6217
04:27:46,076 --> 04:27:47,610
WHAT DIFFERENT CLINICAL STAGES

6218
04:27:47,610 --> 04:27:48,912
OF DISEASE ARE.

6219
04:27:48,912 --> 04:27:51,114
WE DON'T ENDORSE ANY SPECIFIC

6220
04:27:51,114 --> 04:27:52,649
BIOMARKERS IN THE ALZHEIMER'S

6221
04:27:52,649 --> 04:27:54,050
DISEASE GUIDANCE BECAUSE WE

6222
04:27:54,050 --> 04:27:55,852
DOMENT IT TO BE FLEXIBLE AND WE

6223
04:27:55,852 --> 04:27:57,687
DO WANT IT TO BE ABLE TO BE

6224
04:27:57,687 --> 04:27:59,189
ADAPTABLE AND EVOLVE AS THE

6225
04:27:59,189 --> 04:28:00,957
SCIENCE EVOLVES, BUT THE

6226
04:28:00,957 --> 04:28:05,996
CLINICAL STAGING IS PRETTY WELL

6227
04:28:05,996 --> 04:28:06,896
UNDERSTOOD ALREADY BY THE

6228
04:28:06,896 --> 04:28:08,631
PUBLIC, SO WE DO HAVE THAT IN

6229
04:28:08,631 --> 04:28:09,466
OUR GUIDANCE.

6230
04:28:09,466 --> 04:28:12,469
BUT IT DOES OVERALL ALLOW FOR

6231
04:28:12,469 --> 04:28:14,537
TIE TO THE CURRENT REVISED

6232
04:28:14,537 --> 04:28:16,106
CRITERIA FOR DIAGNOSIS AND

6233
04:28:16,106 --> 04:28:17,273
STAGING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE,

6234
04:28:17,273 --> 04:28:20,010
AND IT ALSO ALLOWS AS THOSE

6235
04:28:20,010 --> 04:28:21,678
CRITERIA TO EVOLVE AND GROW

6236
04:28:21,678 --> 04:28:25,348
SWINE TISK KNOWLEDGE THAT OUR

6237
04:28:25,348 --> 04:28:25,982
GUIDE -- SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE

6238
04:28:25,982 --> 04:28:28,885
THAT OUR GUIDANCE WILL ALLOW FOR

6239
04:28:28,885 --> 04:28:29,652
THAT.

6240
04:28:29,652 --> 04:28:33,223
IT'S IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT THIS

6241
04:28:33,223 --> 04:28:35,692
IS ALSO HAPPENING IN OTHER

6242
04:28:35,692 --> 04:28:36,693
NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES AS

6243
04:28:36,693 --> 04:28:37,961
WELL, SO THERE ARE INTEGRATED

6244
04:28:37,961 --> 04:28:39,496
STAGING SYSTEMS THAT HAVE BEEN

6245
04:28:39,496 --> 04:28:40,630
PROPOSED FOR HUNTINGTON'S

6246
04:28:40,630 --> 04:28:46,503
DISEASE AND MOST RECENTLY FOR

6247
04:28:46,503 --> 04:28:49,672
NEURONALLING SYNUCL HE IN

6248
04:28:49,672 --> 04:28:51,107
DISEASE WHICH INCLUDES

6249
04:28:51,107 --> 04:28:53,109
PARKINSON'S WITH NEURO BODIES

6250
04:28:53,109 --> 04:28:57,047
AND WE FIND THESE STAGING ARE

6251
04:28:57,047 --> 04:28:59,149
VERY USEFUL TO US TO HELP US

6252
04:28:59,149 --> 04:29:00,650
GIVE ADVICE ON DRUG DEVELOPMENT

6253
04:29:00,650 --> 04:29:03,720
AND HELPS US COME UP WITH COMMON

6254
04:29:03,720 --> 04:29:05,688
LANGUAGE THAT WHEN WE TALK WITH

6255
04:29:05,688 --> 04:29:07,991
ACADEMIA, WITH INDUSTRY, WITH

6256
04:29:07,991 --> 04:29:09,025
ADVOCACY GROUPS AND OTHER

6257
04:29:09,025 --> 04:29:09,859
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AS WELL,

6258
04:29:09,859 --> 04:29:11,094
THAT WE KNOW THE POPULATION THAT

6259
04:29:11,094 --> 04:29:12,295
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT THAT WAS

6260
04:29:12,295 --> 04:29:14,030
ENROLLED IN THE CLINICAL TRIALS,

6261
04:29:14,030 --> 04:29:17,300
AND THEN WE KNOW HOW TO INFORM

6262
04:29:17,300 --> 04:29:19,069
PRESCRIBERS LATER ON HOW TO

6263
04:29:19,069 --> 04:29:21,805
OPTIMALLY USE THOSE, USE THE

6264
04:29:21,805 --> 04:29:23,406
DEFINITIONS THAT WERE USED IN

6265
04:29:23,406 --> 04:29:25,208
THE CLINICAL TRIALS AND CLINICAL

6266
04:29:25,208 --> 04:29:26,009
PRACTICE.

6267
04:29:26,009 --> 04:29:28,578
SO THESE GUIDELINES OR THESE

6268
04:29:28,578 --> 04:29:30,346
STAGING SYSTEMS ARE REALLY A

6269
04:29:30,346 --> 04:29:32,749
BRIDGE BETWEEN RESEARCH AND

6270
04:29:32,749 --> 04:29:34,384
CLINICAL PRACTICE, AND EVEN IF

6271
04:29:34,384 --> 04:29:36,352
CLINICAL PRACTICE ISN'T THERE

6272
04:29:36,352 --> 04:29:38,755
YET, AS WE DEVELOP NEW DRUGS AND

6273
04:29:38,755 --> 04:29:40,290
THE SCIENCE EVOLVES, CLINICAL

6274
04:29:40,290 --> 04:29:41,291
PRACTICE WILL GET THERE.

6275
04:29:41,291 --> 04:29:43,526
SO THESE ARE REALLY FORWARD

6276
04:29:43,526 --> 04:29:44,828
LOOKING DOCUMENTS, BUT WHAT IS

6277
04:29:44,828 --> 04:29:46,496
THE FUTURE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

6278
04:29:46,496 --> 04:29:48,298
IS SORT OF OUR CURRENT TIME IN

6279
04:29:48,298 --> 04:29:49,399
DRUG DEVELOPMENT RIGHT NOW.

6280
04:29:49,399 --> 04:29:52,335
SO THESE ARE, I CONSIDER THEM

6281
04:29:52,335 --> 04:29:55,305
ESSENTIAL FOR THE WORK THAT WE

6282
04:29:55,305 --> 04:29:56,306
DO.

6283
04:29:56,306 --> 04:29:57,407
NOW, THERE ARE A LOT OF

6284
04:29:57,407 --> 04:29:59,142
DIFFERENT USES OF BIOMARKERS IN

6285
04:29:59,142 --> 04:30:00,677
DRUG DEVELOPMENT, AND I LISTED

6286
04:30:00,677 --> 04:30:02,846
THE MAIN USES THAT WE SEE HERE.

6287
04:30:02,846 --> 04:30:05,582
THERE'S A LOT OF FOCUS ON

6288
04:30:05,582 --> 04:30:06,683
SURROGATE ENDPOINTS AS PRIMARY

6289
04:30:06,683 --> 04:30:08,351
END POITS, AND THAT'S A PRETTY

6290
04:30:08,351 --> 04:30:09,886
HIGH BAR.

6291
04:30:09,886 --> 04:30:11,488
BUT I THINK BIOMARKERS CAN BE

6292
04:30:11,488 --> 04:30:13,456
USED IN ANY STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT

6293
04:30:13,456 --> 04:30:15,325
REALLY, AND WE FIND THEM

6294
04:30:15,325 --> 04:30:17,393
INFORMATIVE FOR A VARIETY OF

6295
04:30:17,393 --> 04:30:17,827
PURPOSES.

6296
04:30:17,827 --> 04:30:20,263
FOR INDUSTRY, PROOF CONCEPT IS

6297
04:30:20,263 --> 04:30:21,931
WHERE THEY COME IN A LOT, AND

6298
04:30:21,931 --> 04:30:23,233
THAT'S MAYBE A LITTLE LESS

6299
04:30:23,233 --> 04:30:24,767
IMPORTANT FOR US BECAUSE THAT

6300
04:30:24,767 --> 04:30:25,635
USUALLY HAPPENS AT THE STAGE

6301
04:30:25,635 --> 04:30:27,170
BEFORE THEY COME AND ENGAGE WITH

6302
04:30:27,170 --> 04:30:30,340
US AT THE AGENCY.

6303
04:30:30,340 --> 04:30:33,309
BUT DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS ARE

6304
04:30:33,309 --> 04:30:35,912
USED FOR ENROLLMENT IN CLINICAL

6305
04:30:35,912 --> 04:30:36,579
TRIALS, FOR ENRICHMENT IN

6306
04:30:36,579 --> 04:30:37,680
POPULATIONS THAT ARE MORE LIKELY

6307
04:30:37,680 --> 04:30:38,982
TO PROGRESS OR DEVELOP THE

6308
04:30:38,982 --> 04:30:42,352
OUTCOME OF INTEREST DURING A

6309
04:30:42,352 --> 04:30:43,586
TRIAL, FOR MONITORING FOR

6310
04:30:43,586 --> 04:30:44,687
SAFETY, AND THEN OF COURSE THERE

6311
04:30:44,687 --> 04:30:47,190
IS THE SURROGATE ENDPOINT BUT

6312
04:30:47,190 --> 04:30:49,159
ALSO WE DO CONSIDER BIOMARKER AS

6313
04:30:49,159 --> 04:30:50,894
WELL WHEN WE'RE LOOKING AT

6314
04:30:50,894 --> 04:30:51,995
CLINICAL OUTCOME MEASURES, SO

6315
04:30:51,995 --> 04:30:54,430
THEY CAN BE SUPPORTIVE AND SHOW

6316
04:30:54,430 --> 04:30:56,299
UP ON A DYNAMIC RESPONSE THAT IS

6317
04:30:56,299 --> 04:30:57,901
SUPPORTIVE OF ANY IMPACT WE SEE

6318
04:30:57,901 --> 04:31:01,504
ON CLINICAL OUTCOME MEASURES.

6319
04:31:01,504 --> 04:31:03,373
DID I WANT TO HIGHLIGHT TWO

6320
04:31:03,373 --> 04:31:04,240
IMPORTANT THINGS THAT HAVE

6321
04:31:04,240 --> 04:31:05,675
ALREADY BEEN DISCUSSED.

6322
04:31:05,675 --> 04:31:07,644
DIANE MENTIONED ONE ABOUT WE

6323
04:31:07,644 --> 04:31:09,512
RECENTLY ISSUED A LETTER OF

6324
04:31:09,512 --> 04:31:13,550
SUPPORT ENCOURAGING THE USE OF

6325
04:31:13,550 --> 04:31:16,052
SYNUCLEAN BASED BIOMARKERS, THE

6326
04:31:16,052 --> 04:31:18,788
ASSAY IN CLINICAL TRIALS RISK OF

6327
04:31:18,788 --> 04:31:20,657
SUSCEPTIBILITY BIOMARKER AND

6328
04:31:20,657 --> 04:31:22,792
ALSO WITHIN NIH WE HAVE ACCEPTED

6329
04:31:22,792 --> 04:31:24,928
A LETTER OF INTENT TO QUALIFY

6330
04:31:24,928 --> 04:31:27,897
NEURO FILAMENT AS A BIOMARKER OF

6331
04:31:27,897 --> 04:31:29,299
RARE NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES.

6332
04:31:29,299 --> 04:31:30,166
THIS REALLY HIGHLIGHTS THE

6333
04:31:30,166 --> 04:31:31,834
IMPORTANT ROLES THAT

6334
04:31:31,834 --> 04:31:33,269
PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS AND

6335
04:31:33,269 --> 04:31:34,437
DATA SHARING AND ALL OF THE

6336
04:31:34,437 --> 04:31:36,105
GREAT THINGS WE HEARD ABOUT

6337
04:31:36,105 --> 04:31:38,174
EARLIER IN THE LAST SESSION H

6338
04:31:38,174 --> 04:31:40,109
THE IMPORTANCE OF THESE TO US AT

6339
04:31:40,109 --> 04:31:43,213
THE FDA TO DRUG DEVELOPMENT AT

6340
04:31:43,213 --> 04:31:45,415
LARGE, THAT WE CAN, YOU KNOW,

6341
04:31:45,415 --> 04:31:47,317
THESE ARE THINGS THAT YES, WE

6342
04:31:47,317 --> 04:31:52,555
CAN ACCEPT NEURO FILAMENT AND

6343
04:31:52,555 --> 04:31:54,624
CLINICAL TRIALS WITHOUT

6344
04:31:54,624 --> 04:31:55,825
NECESSARILY HAVING THESE

6345
04:31:55,825 --> 04:31:58,895
INITIATIVES UNDERWAY, BUT I

6346
04:31:58,895 --> 04:32:00,296
THINK THIS IS -- IT'S A LOT MORE

6347
04:32:00,296 --> 04:32:01,631
WORK FOR US AND FOR EVERYBODY

6348
04:32:01,631 --> 04:32:04,067
ELSE IF WE'RE DOING THESE ALL IN

6349
04:32:04,067 --> 04:32:05,902
SILOS, SO HAVING THESE SORT OF

6350
04:32:05,902 --> 04:32:06,970
PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS,

6351
04:32:06,970 --> 04:32:08,004
HAVING THESE INITIATIVES WHERE

6352
04:32:08,004 --> 04:32:10,306
PEOPLE ARE WORKING TOGETHER

6353
04:32:10,306 --> 04:32:11,708
REALLY HELPS MOVE THE FIELD AND

6354
04:32:11,708 --> 04:32:12,909
BRINGS EVERYBODY ALONG WITH IT

6355
04:32:12,909 --> 04:32:14,677
AND MAKES OUR JOB A LITTLE BIT

6356
04:32:14,677 --> 04:32:16,879
EASIER TOO.

6357
04:32:16,879 --> 04:32:19,382
I ALSO WANT TO HIGHLIGHT THE

6358
04:32:19,382 --> 04:32:21,351
IMPORTANCE OF DIVERSE

6359
04:32:21,351 --> 04:32:21,651
POPULATIONS.

6360
04:32:21,651 --> 04:32:23,953
WE REALLY, YOU KNOW, PRECISION

6361
04:32:23,953 --> 04:32:27,056
MEDICINE NEEDS TO CONSIDER THE

6362
04:32:27,056 --> 04:32:28,124
POPULATIONS THAT WE'LL BE USING

6363
04:32:28,124 --> 04:32:29,759
WITH DRUGS P IN THE REAL WORLD.

6364
04:32:29,759 --> 04:32:31,961
OFTEN OUR CLINICAL TRIALS ARE

6365
04:32:31,961 --> 04:32:33,596
LIMITED TO, YOU KNOW, PEOPLE WHO

6366
04:32:33,596 --> 04:32:35,231
ARE WILLING TO PARTICIPATE IN

6367
04:32:35,231 --> 04:32:37,333
CLINICAL TRIALS, SO THERE'S AN

6368
04:32:37,333 --> 04:32:38,434
INHERENT SELECTION BIAS THERE,

6369
04:32:38,434 --> 04:32:40,503
BUT WE REALLY NEED TO UNDERSTAND

6370
04:32:40,503 --> 04:32:44,440
HOW BIOMARKERS PERFORM IN A REAL

6371
04:32:44,440 --> 04:32:46,075
WORLD POPULATION, AND WE DO HAVE

6372
04:32:46,075 --> 04:32:48,044
A GUIDANCE THAT I HIGHLIGHTED

6373
04:32:48,044 --> 04:32:48,478
HERE.

6374
04:32:48,478 --> 04:32:50,113
IT'S NOT CURRENTLY A REQUIREMENT

6375
04:32:50,113 --> 04:32:52,315
BUT WE DO ASK COMPANIES, WE

6376
04:32:52,315 --> 04:32:54,050
RECOMMEND THAT THEY DEVELOP A

6377
04:32:54,050 --> 04:32:56,019
DIVERSITY ACTION PLAN TO IMPROVE

6378
04:32:56,019 --> 04:32:58,121
ENROLLMENT AND PARTICIPANTS FROM

6379
04:32:58,121 --> 04:32:59,122
UNDERREPRESENTED POPULATIONS AND

6380
04:32:59,122 --> 04:33:00,757
CLINICAL STUDIES, AND THIS MAY

6381
04:33:00,757 --> 04:33:02,725
BE INFORMATIVE FOR CLINICAL

6382
04:33:02,725 --> 04:33:07,330
RESEARCH BEYOND JUST CLINICAL

6383
04:33:07,330 --> 04:33:07,563
TRIALS.

6384
04:33:07,563 --> 04:33:08,765
I ALSO WANT TO HIGHLIGHT SOME

6385
04:33:08,765 --> 04:33:10,266
RECENT COLLABORATIVE WORK WE'VE

6386
04:33:10,266 --> 04:33:15,305
HAD WITH THE NIA, MY OUTSTANDING

6387
04:33:15,305 --> 04:33:17,173
COLLEAGUES HERE, SUZANNA AND

6388
04:33:17,173 --> 04:33:19,075
LAURA AND NADA ARE IN THE

6389
04:33:19,075 --> 04:33:21,678
EXPROOM WE WORK -- IN THE ROOM

6390
04:33:21,678 --> 04:33:23,313
AND WE CLOSELY WITH THEM.

6391
04:33:23,313 --> 04:33:24,947
ABOUT A YEAR AGO WE HAD A

6392
04:33:24,947 --> 04:33:25,715
COLLABORATIVE MEETING AND THOSE

6393
04:33:25,715 --> 04:33:27,583
OF US WHO WORK IN THE

6394
04:33:27,583 --> 04:33:28,451
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE SPACE CAME

6395
04:33:28,451 --> 04:33:29,919
TOGETHER AND DISCUSSED COMMON

6396
04:33:29,919 --> 04:33:31,087
CHALLENGES WE'RE FACING BOTH IN

6397
04:33:31,087 --> 04:33:32,322
RESEARCH AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT

6398
04:33:32,322 --> 04:33:34,057
AND EARLIER THIS YEAR WE

6399
04:33:34,057 --> 04:33:35,692
EXECUTED A MEMORANDUM OF

6400
04:33:35,692 --> 04:33:37,327
UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN NIA AND

6401
04:33:37,327 --> 04:33:41,297
FDA AND SPECIFICALLY WITH CD HE

6402
04:33:41,297 --> 04:33:44,467
R AND CBER AND CDRH AND THIS

6403
04:33:44,467 --> 04:33:45,568
WILL ALLOW US TO DISCUSS

6404
04:33:45,568 --> 04:33:46,769
RESEARCH PRIORITIES ACROSS THE

6405
04:33:46,769 --> 04:33:48,671
AGENCY AND WILL FURTHER

6406
04:33:48,671 --> 04:33:49,539
FACILITATE COLLABORATION AND

6407
04:33:49,539 --> 04:33:50,940
WE'RE HAVING ONGOING DISCUSSIONS

6408
04:33:50,940 --> 04:33:52,275
ABOUT MORE COLLABORATIVE

6409
04:33:52,275 --> 04:33:54,577
INTERACTIONS TO COME.

6410
04:33:54,577 --> 04:33:56,512
SO I'LL WRAP IT UP HERE WITH THE

6411
04:33:56,512 --> 04:33:59,148
TAKE HOME POINTS THAT WE FEEL

6412
04:33:59,148 --> 04:34:00,583
THAT BIOLOGIC BASED DEFINITIONS

6413
04:34:00,583 --> 04:34:02,418
OF DISEASE ARE REALLY CRITICAL

6414
04:34:02,418 --> 04:34:03,519
FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT.

6415
04:34:03,519 --> 04:34:05,488
THEY ALLOW FOR MORE PRECISE

6416
04:34:05,488 --> 04:34:06,923
CHARACTERIZATION OF DISEASE

6417
04:34:06,923 --> 04:34:07,990
POPULATIONS, AND IT'S IMPORTANT

6418
04:34:07,990 --> 04:34:11,627
THAT THE FRAMEWORKS TO DEFINE

6419
04:34:11,627 --> 04:34:13,563
END STAGE DISEASES FOR

6420
04:34:13,563 --> 04:34:14,464
STANDARDIZATION THAT THEY ARE

6421
04:34:14,464 --> 04:34:16,065
FLEXIBLE AND ALLOW FOR ADDITION

6422
04:34:16,065 --> 04:34:18,000
AND IS REVISIONS AS SCIENTIFIC

6423
04:34:18,000 --> 04:34:20,603
KNOWLEDGE EVOLVES, AND WE DO

6424
04:34:20,603 --> 04:34:22,705
FOLLOW THOSE, FOLLOW 9 SCIENCE

6425
04:34:22,705 --> 04:34:24,774
AND MAKE SURE THAT WE'RE AWARE

6426
04:34:24,774 --> 04:34:26,476
OF ALL THE LATEST THINKING ON,

6427
04:34:26,476 --> 04:34:29,145
YOU KNOW, HOW TO DEFINE AND

6428
04:34:29,145 --> 04:34:31,347
STAGE DISEASES, THAT INCLUSION

6429
04:34:31,347 --> 04:34:32,949
OF DIVERSE POPULATIONS IS

6430
04:34:32,949 --> 04:34:35,818
ESSENTIAL, AND KEY POINT HERE,

6431
04:34:35,818 --> 04:34:36,786
PRE-COMPETITIVE EFFORTS AND DATA

6432
04:34:36,786 --> 04:34:39,188
SHARING ARE CRITICAL TO SUCCESS

6433
04:34:39,188 --> 04:34:40,323
IN THIS SPACE.

6434
04:34:40,323 --> 04:34:50,500
THANK YOU.

6435
04:35:17,493 --> 04:35:27,503
>>

6436
04:35:39,449 --> 04:35:41,951
>> SORRY, WE'RE LOOKING
FOR THE

6437
04:35:41,951 --> 04:35:45,588
FDA SLIDES ON QUANTITATIVE

6438
04:35:45,588 --> 04:35:46,422
MEDICINE, CENTER OF EXCELLENCE.

6439
04:35:46,422 --> 04:35:47,523
HERE WE ARE.

6440
04:35:47,523 --> 04:35:49,625
THE NEXT ONE AFTER THIS.

6441
04:35:49,625 --> 04:35:51,127
HERE WE ARE.

6442
04:35:51,127 --> 04:35:52,995
INTRODUCTION TO CD HE R

6443
04:35:52,995 --> 04:35:55,731
QUANTITATIVE MEDICINE CENTER OF

6444
04:35:55,731 --> 04:35:59,802
EXCELLENCE.

6445
04:35:59,802 --> 04:36:00,002
OKAY.

6446
04:36:00,002 --> 04:36:00,970
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

6447
04:36:00,970 --> 04:36:03,673
THANK YOU, EVERYONE, FOR GIVING

6448
04:36:03,673 --> 04:36:06,509
US AN OPPORTUNITY TO COME AND

6449
04:36:06,509 --> 04:36:10,246
SHARE WITH YOU ALL ONE OF THE

6450
04:36:10,246 --> 04:36:13,516
RECENT CDER INITIATIVES, C DE R

6451
04:36:13,516 --> 04:36:15,818
QUANTITATIVE MEDICINE CENTER OF

6452
04:36:15,818 --> 04:36:17,019
EXCELLENCE.

6453
04:36:17,019 --> 04:36:21,090
CDER.

6454
04:36:21,090 --> 04:36:21,958
ALL RIGHT.

6455
04:36:21,958 --> 04:36:24,227
IT DID MOVE.

6456
04:36:24,227 --> 04:36:26,095
OKAY.

6457
04:36:26,095 --> 04:36:27,630
WELL, I THINK THERE ARE A NUMBER

6458
04:36:27,630 --> 04:36:28,631
OF DIFFERENT DEFINITIONS THAT

6459
04:36:28,631 --> 04:36:32,468
ARE OUT THERE FOR WHAT IS

6460
04:36:32,468 --> 04:36:33,135
QUANTITATIVE MEDICINE.

6461
04:36:33,135 --> 04:36:35,404
OUR OPERATING DEFINITION IS THAT

6462
04:36:35,404 --> 04:36:37,473
THIS INVOLVES DEVELOPMENT AND

6463
04:36:37,473 --> 04:36:40,343
APPLICATION OF EXPOSURE-BASED

6464
04:36:40,343 --> 04:36:45,147
MODELS THAT ARE ROOTED IN OUR

6465
04:36:45,147 --> 04:36:48,317
UNDERSTANDING OF BIOLOGY AND

6466
04:36:48,317 --> 04:36:51,053
PHYSIOLOGY AND USE THE

6467
04:36:51,053 --> 04:36:52,488
QUANTITATIVE METHOD TO USE THIS

6468
04:36:52,488 --> 04:36:53,589
INFORMATION ACROSS WIDE VARIETY

6469
04:36:53,589 --> 04:36:56,292
OF SOURCES OF INFORMATION,

6470
04:36:56,292 --> 04:36:58,060
COMING FROM NONCLINICAL,

6471
04:36:58,060 --> 04:36:59,128
CLINICAL, ALL THE WAY UP TO REAL

6472
04:36:59,128 --> 04:36:59,695
WORLD DATA.

6473
04:36:59,695 --> 04:37:00,997
THE PURPOSE OF DOING THIS

6474
04:37:00,997 --> 04:37:05,268
EXERCISE IS TO INFORM DRUG

6475
04:37:05,268 --> 04:37:07,003
DEVELOPMENT AND MORE

6476
04:37:07,003 --> 04:37:08,104
IMPORTANT -- REGULATORY DECISION

6477
04:37:08,104 --> 04:37:09,038
MAKE AND GO MORE IMPORTANTLY AT

6478
04:37:09,038 --> 04:37:10,506
THE END OF THE DAY, INFORM THE

6479
04:37:10,506 --> 04:37:10,973
PATIENT CARE.

6480
04:37:10,973 --> 04:37:12,275
IN OUR OPINION, WE HAVE SEEN

6481
04:37:12,275 --> 04:37:15,545
DOING THIS HELPS STREAMLINE P

6482
04:37:15,545 --> 04:37:17,313
AND ACCELERATE DRUG DEVELOPMENT

6483
04:37:17,313 --> 04:37:18,614
THROUGH ALL THE PRODUCT LIFE

6484
04:37:18,614 --> 04:37:18,848
CYCLE.

6485
04:37:18,848 --> 04:37:21,150
DURING THE PREMARKET STAGE, IT'S

6486
04:37:21,150 --> 04:37:24,086
USEFUL FOR IDENTIFYING AND

6487
04:37:24,086 --> 04:37:26,389
QUANTIFYING UNCERTAINTIES AND

6488
04:37:26,389 --> 04:37:28,024
HELP ADDRESS THOSE UNCERTAINTIES

6489
04:37:28,024 --> 04:37:31,093
IN THE LIFE CYCLE, AND MOST

6490
04:37:31,093 --> 04:37:34,363
IMPORTANTLY IN REGULATORY MAKING

6491
04:37:34,363 --> 04:37:36,032
SPACE, CONTRIBUTE TO THE

6492
04:37:36,032 --> 04:37:37,433
TOTALITY OF UNDERSTANDING OF A

6493
04:37:37,433 --> 04:37:40,002
DRUG'S BENEFITS AND RISKS.

6494
04:37:40,002 --> 04:37:42,138
WE HAVE HAD A RICH HISTORY OF

6495
04:37:42,138 --> 04:37:43,339
APPLICATION OF QUANTITATIVE

6496
04:37:43,339 --> 04:37:46,943
MEDICINE APPROACHES AT CDER.

6497
04:37:46,943 --> 04:37:48,945
HERE ARE FIVE OF THE EXAMPLES,

6498
04:37:48,945 --> 04:37:51,881
I'M PRETTY SURE THERE ARE A LOT

6499
04:37:51,881 --> 04:37:52,415
MORE.

6500
04:37:52,415 --> 04:37:54,283
I'LL TOUCH BRIEFLY ON SEVERAL OF

6501
04:37:54,283 --> 04:37:54,517
THESE.

6502
04:37:54,517 --> 04:37:56,152
SPHIRTS MODEL INFORMED DRUG

6503
04:37:56,152 --> 04:37:56,552
DEVELOPMENT.

6504
04:37:56,552 --> 04:37:58,554
-- FIRST IS MODEL INFORMED DRUG

6505
04:37:58,554 --> 04:37:59,188
DEVELOPMENT.

6506
04:37:59,188 --> 04:38:00,523
THIS INITIATIVE HAS BEEN AROUND

6507
04:38:00,523 --> 04:38:04,560
FOR CLOSE TO TWO DECADES BUT SIX

6508
04:38:04,560 --> 04:38:06,095
AND SEVEN IT WAS IDENTIFIED AS

6509
04:38:06,095 --> 04:38:10,366
ONE OF THE ENHANCEMENTS AS PART

6510
04:38:10,366 --> 04:38:12,101
OF -- AND WE HAVE A REGULATORY

6511
04:38:12,101 --> 04:38:14,437
ENGAGEMENT PATHWAY FOR APPLYING

6512
04:38:14,437 --> 04:38:16,272
MODEL INFORMED APPROACHES FOR

6513
04:38:16,272 --> 04:38:20,009
VARIOUS DRUG DEVELOPMENT

6514
04:38:20,009 --> 04:38:20,376
DECISION-MAKING.

6515
04:38:20,376 --> 04:38:22,645
SECOND IS COMPLEXIN NOTICE

6516
04:38:22,645 --> 04:38:24,180
VAITIVE TRIAL DESIGN, THIS IS A

6517
04:38:24,180 --> 04:38:25,681
PROGRAM ALONG WITH MODEL

6518
04:38:25,681 --> 04:38:26,582
INFORMED DRUG DEVELOPMENT AT THE

6519
04:38:26,582 --> 04:38:28,117
OFFICE OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY,

6520
04:38:28,117 --> 04:38:30,152
RUN OUT OF THE OFFICE OF

6521
04:38:30,152 --> 04:38:31,687
STATISTICS, PRIMARILY FOCUSING

6522
04:38:31,687 --> 04:38:35,091
VERY COMPLEX AND INNOVATIVE

6523
04:38:35,091 --> 04:38:38,060
TRIALS WHICH INVOLVE ADAPTIVE

6524
04:38:38,060 --> 04:38:39,895
DESIGNS, YOU NAME IT, ALL THESE

6525
04:38:39,895 --> 04:38:44,634
UNIQUE FEATURES, IT BE ABLE TO

6526
04:38:44,634 --> 04:38:46,035
BEST LEVERAGE THE TRIALS TO BE

6527
04:38:46,035 --> 04:38:47,236
ABLE TO INFORM THE DRUG

6528
04:38:47,236 --> 04:38:47,637
DEVELOPMENT.

6529
04:38:47,637 --> 04:38:48,437
THE THIRD AND PROBABLY MORE

6530
04:38:48,437 --> 04:38:49,639
RELEVANT TO THIS PARTICULAR

6531
04:38:49,639 --> 04:38:51,841
AUDIENCE THE FIT FOR PURPOSE

6532
04:38:51,841 --> 04:38:53,142
INITIATIVE, A JOINT PROGRAM RUN

6533
04:38:53,142 --> 04:38:56,746
OUT BY THE OFFICE OF CLINICAL

6534
04:38:56,746 --> 04:38:58,180
PHARMACOLOGY, IN COLLABORATION

6535
04:38:58,180 --> 04:39:02,652
WITH THE OFFICE OF NEW --

6536
04:39:02,652 --> 04:39:04,987
WHEREIN VARIOUS APPROACHES,

6537
04:39:04,987 --> 04:39:06,922
EITHER TECHNICAL APPROACHES FOR

6538
04:39:06,922 --> 04:39:09,892
CONDUCTING DATA ANALYSIS OR FOR

6539
04:39:09,892 --> 04:39:11,394
DEVELOPING DISEASE PROGRESSION

6540
04:39:11,394 --> 04:39:13,696
MODELS FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS

6541
04:39:13,696 --> 04:39:16,599
THAT ARE DEEMED TO BE FIT FOR

6542
04:39:16,599 --> 04:39:18,300
APPLICATION IN A SPECIFIC

6543
04:39:18,300 --> 04:39:18,534
CONTEXT.

6544
04:39:18,534 --> 04:39:20,836
ONE OF THE EXAMPLES THAT WE HAVE

6545
04:39:20,836 --> 04:39:24,874
UNDER THIS IS IN THE ALZHEIMER'S

6546
04:39:24,874 --> 04:39:26,942
DISEASE FOR INFORMING CLINICAL

6547
04:39:26,942 --> 04:39:30,479
TRIALS USING SIMULATION

6548
04:39:30,479 --> 04:39:31,547
APPROACHES.

6549
04:39:31,547 --> 04:39:33,215
THESE ARE ALL WHAT I MENTIONED

6550
04:39:33,215 --> 04:39:34,850
ARE IN THE NEW DRUG SPACE.

6551
04:39:34,850 --> 04:39:36,819
WE ALSO HAVE SIMILAR EFFORTS OF

6552
04:39:36,819 --> 04:39:38,788
APPLICATION OF QUANTITATIVE

6553
04:39:38,788 --> 04:39:39,789
APPROACHES IN THE LIFE CYCLE

6554
04:39:39,789 --> 04:39:41,957
SPACE, IN OUR OFFICE OF

6555
04:39:41,957 --> 04:39:43,392
GENERATIVE DRUGS WHERE THEY HAVE

6556
04:39:43,392 --> 04:39:46,662
A SPECIFIC PROGRAM FOR MODEL

6557
04:39:46,662 --> 04:39:48,097
INTEGRATED EVIDENCE WHERE

6558
04:39:48,097 --> 04:39:51,267
MODELING APPROACHES ARE USED FOR

6559
04:39:51,267 --> 04:39:52,568
BIOAVAILABILITY, IN VERY COMPLEX

6560
04:39:52,568 --> 04:39:53,803
SITUATIONS WHERE YOU CANNOT

6561
04:39:53,803 --> 04:39:57,406
CONDUCT THE ROUTINE CLINICAL

6562
04:39:57,406 --> 04:39:59,575
STUDIES THAT INFORM THE APPROVAL

6563
04:39:59,575 --> 04:40:04,180
OF GENERATIVE PRODUCTS.

6564
04:40:04,180 --> 04:40:08,384
SIMILARLY BEING IN THE OFFICE OE

6565
04:40:08,384 --> 04:40:11,087
OF QUALITY, THERE'S BEEN

6566
04:40:11,087 --> 04:40:12,988
PHYSICIAN LOGICS BASED MODELING

6567
04:40:12,988 --> 04:40:14,290
APPROACHES TO BE ABLE TO HELP

6568
04:40:14,290 --> 04:40:16,692
INFORM THE PRODUCT QUALITY,

6569
04:40:16,692 --> 04:40:17,993
INFORMING THIS SPECIFICATIONS

6570
04:40:17,993 --> 04:40:20,196
UPON RELEASE AND THINGS OF THAT

6571
04:40:20,196 --> 04:40:20,763
NATURE.

6572
04:40:20,763 --> 04:40:23,365
SO THIS IS NOT NEW IN A SENSE,

6573
04:40:23,365 --> 04:40:25,101
EVEN THOUGH WE ARE USING NEW

6574
04:40:25,101 --> 04:40:26,535
TERMS HERE.

6575
04:40:26,535 --> 04:40:28,604
SO GIVEN THIS KIND OF A RICH

6576
04:40:28,604 --> 04:40:31,474
HISTORY, WE THOUGHT WE ARE IN

6577
04:40:31,474 --> 04:40:33,109
VERY INTERESTING TIMES WHERE WE

6578
04:40:33,109 --> 04:40:36,212
CAN BRING ALL THESE EFFORTS TO

6579
04:40:36,212 --> 04:40:39,014
BE ABLE TO ACTUALLY MAKE MUCH

6580
04:40:39,014 --> 04:40:40,316
PROGRESS TO LEARN FROM ONE

6581
04:40:40,316 --> 04:40:41,951
ANOTHER, AND THAT WAS THE

6582
04:40:41,951 --> 04:40:47,823
MOTIVATION FOR US TO COME UP

6583
04:40:47,823 --> 04:40:50,493
WITH THE CDER QUANTITATIVE

6584
04:40:50,493 --> 04:40:51,694
MEDICINE CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE.

6585
04:40:51,694 --> 04:40:53,028
THE VARIOUS FOCUS AREAS WHICH I

6586
04:40:53,028 --> 04:40:54,330
HAVE MENTIONED HERE ARE THE ONES

6587
04:40:54,330 --> 04:40:56,699
WHERE WE WOULD COME TOGETHER TO

6588
04:40:56,699 --> 04:40:58,701
COORDINATE, COLLABORATE AND

6589
04:40:58,701 --> 04:40:59,502
OPERATIONALIZE APPLICATION OF

6590
04:40:59,502 --> 04:41:03,606
MANY OF THESE APPROACHES,

6591
04:41:03,606 --> 04:41:05,274
APPLYING PHARMACOSTATISTICAL

6592
04:41:05,274 --> 04:41:07,009
MODELS, MECHANISTIC MODELING,

6593
04:41:07,009 --> 04:41:09,078
MACHINE LEARNING AND ARTIFICIAL

6594
04:41:09,078 --> 04:41:10,312
INTELLIGENCE, YOU HAVE HEARD

6595
04:41:10,312 --> 04:41:11,514
ABOUT THAT THIS MORNING, THIS IS

6596
04:41:11,514 --> 04:41:13,182
THE THING THAT IS UP AND COMING

6597
04:41:13,182 --> 04:41:15,451
ADDING TO THE TOOLKIT OF

6598
04:41:15,451 --> 04:41:16,585
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH THAT WE

6599
04:41:16,585 --> 04:41:19,355
HAVE, APPLYING THEN FOR BETTER

6600
04:41:19,355 --> 04:41:21,357
UNDERSTANDING OF BIOMARKER

6601
04:41:21,357 --> 04:41:25,261
ENDPOINT RELATIONSHIPS,

6602
04:41:25,261 --> 04:41:28,264
DR. BURACCHIO TALKED ABOUT

6603
04:41:28,264 --> 04:41:29,565
BIOMARKERS IN THE SPAN OF NEW

6604
04:41:29,565 --> 04:41:30,866
DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND LASTLY TO

6605
04:41:30,866 --> 04:41:33,402
BE ABLE TO APPLY THESE MODELS TO

6606
04:41:33,402 --> 04:41:36,038
ANTICIPATE HOW TO, HOW WOULD THE

6607
04:41:36,038 --> 04:41:39,975
TRIALS PLAY OUT IF WE WERE TO

6608
04:41:39,975 --> 04:41:42,144
RUN IN SILICO PREDICTIONS OF

6609
04:41:42,144 --> 04:41:43,379
THOSE SO WE ARE BETTER INFORMED

6610
04:41:43,379 --> 04:41:44,513
WITH RESPECT TO WHAT INFORMATION

6611
04:41:44,513 --> 04:41:45,981
TO COLLECT, WHEN TO COLLECT AND

6612
04:41:45,981 --> 04:41:47,616
HOW TO ACTUALLY DESIGN THESE

6613
04:41:47,616 --> 04:41:50,152
TRIALS AND OPERATIONALIZE THEM.

6614
04:41:50,152 --> 04:41:51,353
SO WE BELIEVE WITH THE

6615
04:41:51,353 --> 04:41:53,656
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CDER

6616
04:41:53,656 --> 04:41:55,090
QUANTITATIVE MEDICINE CENTER OF

6617
04:41:55,090 --> 04:41:57,059
EXCELLENCE, WE WILL HELP

6618
04:41:57,059 --> 04:41:59,562
FACILITATE CONTINUOUS EVOLUTION

6619
04:41:59,562 --> 04:42:01,831
CONSISTENT APPLICATION OF

6620
04:42:01,831 --> 04:42:02,965
APPROACHES FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT

6621
04:42:02,965 --> 04:42:05,034
AND REGULATORY DECISION-MAKING.

6622
04:42:05,034 --> 04:42:07,536
THIS EFFORT BRINGS TOGETHER FIVE

6623
04:42:07,536 --> 04:42:09,972
DIFFERENT SUPER OFFICES WITHIN

6624
04:42:09,972 --> 04:42:13,509
THE CENTER -- CD HE R OFFICES,

6625
04:42:13,509 --> 04:42:16,779
WITH SPONSORSHIP COMING FROM OUR

6626
04:42:16,779 --> 04:42:19,081
CENTER DIRECTOR, AND IT PULLS IN

6627
04:42:19,081 --> 04:42:22,685
ALL THE RELEVANT DISCIPLINES

6628
04:42:22,685 --> 04:42:25,321
ENGAGED IN THE NEW DRUG SPACE,

6629
04:42:25,321 --> 04:42:27,957
AS WELL AS IN THE LIFE CYCLE,

6630
04:42:27,957 --> 04:42:31,460
RANGING FROM OFFICE OF

6631
04:42:31,460 --> 04:42:32,862
TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCES WITH

6632
04:42:32,862 --> 04:42:33,963
OFFICE BIOSTATISTICS AND OFFICE

6633
04:42:33,963 --> 04:42:37,700
OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, OFFICE

6634
04:42:37,700 --> 04:42:41,403
OF NEW DRUG POLICY, QUALITY

6635
04:42:41,403 --> 04:42:42,838
RESEARCH AS WELL AS QUALITY

6636
04:42:42,838 --> 04:42:44,440
ASSESSMENTS, AND LASTLY FROM THE

6637
04:42:44,440 --> 04:42:46,108
OFFICE OF GENERIC DRUGS WITH THE

6638
04:42:46,108 --> 04:42:46,775
OFFICE OF RESEARCH STANDARDS.

6639
04:42:46,775 --> 04:42:49,845
SO THIS PROVIDES AN OPPORTUNITY

6640
04:42:49,845 --> 04:42:51,513
TO PULL TOGETHER THE EFFORTS

6641
04:42:51,513 --> 04:42:53,682
THAT ARE ACROSS ALL THESE

6642
04:42:53,682 --> 04:42:56,752
OFFICES TO BE ABLE TO

6643
04:42:56,752 --> 04:42:57,820
COORDINATE, COLLABORATE AND

6644
04:42:57,820 --> 04:43:01,023
LEARN FROM ONE ANOTHER AND BE

6645
04:43:01,023 --> 04:43:04,193
ABLE TO OPERATIONALIZE MANY OF

6646
04:43:04,193 --> 04:43:06,729
THESE CONCEPTS FOR CONSISTENT

6647
04:43:06,729 --> 04:43:10,599
APPLICATION THROUGHOUT THE

6648
04:43:10,599 --> 04:43:10,866
LANDSCAPE.

6649
04:43:10,866 --> 04:43:13,702
SO THE PRIMARY FOCUS.

6650
04:43:13,702 --> 04:43:15,871
CDER QUANTITATIVE MEDICINE

6651
04:43:15,871 --> 04:43:16,438
CENTER OF EXCELLENCE CAN BE

6652
04:43:16,438 --> 04:43:17,773
BUCKETED INTO THESE THREE MAIN

6653
04:43:17,773 --> 04:43:19,141
AREAS AND I'LL TALK THROUGH EACH

6654
04:43:19,141 --> 04:43:20,542
ONE OF THESE VERY QUICKLY.

6655
04:43:20,542 --> 04:43:21,710
THE FIRST IS WITH APPLIED

6656
04:43:21,710 --> 04:43:23,112
SCIENCE POLICY.

6657
04:43:23,112 --> 04:43:25,648
SO WE HAVE GATHERED A LOT OF

6658
04:43:25,648 --> 04:43:27,283
EXPERIENCE AND COMFORT LEVEL

6659
04:43:27,283 --> 04:43:31,020
WITH APPLICATION OF QUANTITATIVE

6660
04:43:31,020 --> 04:43:32,655
APPROACHES IN DIFFERENT AREAS,

6661
04:43:32,655 --> 04:43:35,257
WHICH CAN HELP US FOSTER

6662
04:43:35,257 --> 04:43:36,692
DEVELOPMENT OF GOOD PRACTICES

6663
04:43:36,692 --> 04:43:40,329
WHICH ARE EVIDENCE-BASED AND TO

6664
04:43:40,329 --> 04:43:43,499
HELP INFORM NEW GUIDANCES, WHICH

6665
04:43:43,499 --> 04:43:45,567
WILL IN TURN HELP WITH THE

6666
04:43:45,567 --> 04:43:49,738
CONSISTENT APPLICATION OF

6667
04:43:49,738 --> 04:43:50,039
APPROACHES.

6668
04:43:50,039 --> 04:43:51,907
WE'LL ALSO BE EMBARKING UPON

6669
04:43:51,907 --> 04:43:53,142
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT WHICH

6670
04:43:53,142 --> 04:43:55,778
INVOLVES CATALOGING VARIOUS

6671
04:43:55,778 --> 04:43:57,746
PRECEDENCES WHICH BECOME THE

6672
04:43:57,746 --> 04:43:59,048
SUBSTRATES FOR EVENTUAL

6673
04:43:59,048 --> 04:44:00,683
DEVELOPMENT OF POLICIES AS WE

6674
04:44:00,683 --> 04:44:02,451
DID FORWARD AND BE ABLE TO

6675
04:44:02,451 --> 04:44:04,086
DISSEMINATE THIS SO THAT WE CAN

6676
04:44:04,086 --> 04:44:07,489
RAISE THE AWARENESS OF THE

6677
04:44:07,489 --> 04:44:08,223
APPLICABILITY OF THESE

6678
04:44:08,223 --> 04:44:09,792
APPROACHES AND IN WHICH CONTEXT

6679
04:44:09,792 --> 04:44:11,093
THEY MIGHT BE USEFUL, AND THAT

6680
04:44:11,093 --> 04:44:12,728
CONNECTS TO THE SECOND FOCUS

6681
04:44:12,728 --> 04:44:14,663
AREA, WHICH IS MULTIDISCIPLINARY

6682
04:44:14,663 --> 04:44:16,198
EDUCATION AND EXCHANGE.

6683
04:44:16,198 --> 04:44:19,268
THE FIRST IS THE EDUCATIONAL

6684
04:44:19,268 --> 04:44:19,835
ENRICHMENT.

6685
04:44:19,835 --> 04:44:21,470
THE EFFORTS HERE IS TO BE ABLE

6686
04:44:21,470 --> 04:44:24,306
TO MAKE SURE THAT THE LEARNINGS

6687
04:44:24,306 --> 04:44:27,276
ARE MADE AVAILABLE TONT ONLY

6688
04:44:27,276 --> 04:44:28,477
STAFF -- TO NOT ONLY STAFF

6689
04:44:28,477 --> 04:44:30,679
WITHIN THE CENTER BUT ALSO THE

6690
04:44:30,679 --> 04:44:33,148
VARIOUS STAKEHOLDERS SO THAT

6691
04:44:33,148 --> 04:44:35,384
THERE IS AN INCREASED AWARENESS

6692
04:44:35,384 --> 04:44:36,585
ABOUT THE AVAILABILITY OF

6693
04:44:36,585 --> 04:44:38,087
VARIOUS APPROACHES, WHEN THEY

6694
04:44:38,087 --> 04:44:40,422
CAN BE USEFUL TO BE APPLIED, AND

6695
04:44:40,422 --> 04:44:42,925
WHAT ARE THE PROS AND CONS OF

6696
04:44:42,925 --> 04:44:44,960
SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS.

6697
04:44:44,960 --> 04:44:47,429
AND TO THIS END, WE'LL ALSO BE

6698
04:44:47,429 --> 04:44:48,197
ENGAGING WITH THE COMMUNITY

6699
04:44:48,197 --> 04:44:53,435
THROUGH STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT

6700
04:44:53,435 --> 04:44:54,436
ACTIVITIES WHEREIN WE'RE TRYING

6701
04:44:54,436 --> 04:44:58,073
TO LEARN FROM THE PEOPLE ON THE

6702
04:44:58,073 --> 04:44:59,141
OUTSIDE, ACOMPLYING IS

6703
04:44:59,141 --> 04:45:00,442
DEVELOPING SOME OF THESE

6704
04:45:00,442 --> 04:45:02,211
APPROACHES TO BE ABLE TO BE

6705
04:45:02,211 --> 04:45:05,981
PREPARED FOR THE FUTURE WHERE WE

6706
04:45:05,981 --> 04:45:08,117
WILL BE -- AS PART OF SUBMISSION

6707
04:45:08,117 --> 04:45:09,752
SO WE CAN HAVE AN INFORMED

6708
04:45:09,752 --> 04:45:10,419
DIALOGUE.

6709
04:45:10,419 --> 04:45:12,488
LASTLY, THIS IS PREDOMINANTLY AN

6710
04:45:12,488 --> 04:45:13,255
IN-HOUSE ACTIVITY WITH RESPECT

6711
04:45:13,255 --> 04:45:14,890
TO STRATEGIC PLANNING AND

6712
04:45:14,890 --> 04:45:16,091
COORDINATION, SO WE ARE

6713
04:45:16,091 --> 04:45:17,426
CURRENTLY IN THE PROCESS OF

6714
04:45:17,426 --> 04:45:19,261
PULLING TOGETHER ALL THE VARIOUS

6715
04:45:19,261 --> 04:45:22,698
ACTIVITIES THAT ARE HAPPENING

6716
04:45:22,698 --> 04:45:24,867
ACROSS DIFFERENT OFFICES AND PUT

6717
04:45:24,867 --> 04:45:26,769
FORTH A PLAN FOR COORDINATING

6718
04:45:26,769 --> 04:45:28,504
ALL THESE EFFORTS AS WE GO

6719
04:45:28,504 --> 04:45:29,038
FORWARD.

6720
04:45:29,038 --> 04:45:30,939
SO I HOPE THIS PROVIDES A HIGH

6721
04:45:30,939 --> 04:45:33,075
LEVEL OVERVIEW OF THE CENTER AND

6722
04:45:33,075 --> 04:45:34,443
THE FOCUS AREAS, AND BEFORE I

6723
04:45:34,443 --> 04:45:35,711
CLOSE, I WOULD LIKE TO TOUCH UP

6724
04:45:35,711 --> 04:45:38,914
ON SOME OF THE KEY HIGHLIGHTS OF

6725
04:45:38,914 --> 04:45:40,549
THE OPPORTUNITIES FOR

6726
04:45:40,549 --> 04:45:42,551
QUANTITATIVE MEDICINE APPROACHES

6727
04:45:42,551 --> 04:45:44,386
IN ADVANCING NEW THERAPIES

6728
04:45:44,386 --> 04:45:46,688
ESPECIALLY IN THIS AREA OF

6729
04:45:46,688 --> 04:45:48,257
NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES.

6730
04:45:48,257 --> 04:45:50,192
I THINK THERE IS GOING TO BE

6731
04:45:50,192 --> 04:45:53,028
SOME OVERLAP IN WHAT

6732
04:45:53,028 --> 04:45:54,763
DR. BURACCHIO PRESENTED.

6733
04:45:54,763 --> 04:45:56,098
THE QUANTITATIVE MEDICINE

6734
04:45:56,098 --> 04:45:57,666
APPROACHES CAN BE VERY USEFUL IN

6735
04:45:57,666 --> 04:45:59,201
UNDERSTANDING THE PROGRESSION OF

6736
04:45:59,201 --> 04:46:02,237
DISEASE AND ALSO VARIOUS SOURCES

6737
04:46:02,237 --> 04:46:04,873
OF AVAILABILITY TO BE ABLE TO

6738
04:46:04,873 --> 04:46:06,742
IDENTIFY -- OF VARIABILITY TO BE

6739
04:46:06,742 --> 04:46:07,943
ABLE TO IDENTIFY AND HELP

6740
04:46:07,943 --> 04:46:08,877
ADDRESS THEM.

6741
04:46:08,877 --> 04:46:11,180
THE SECOND ASPECT IS AROUND

6742
04:46:11,180 --> 04:46:12,815
IDENTIFICATION OF BIOMARKERS AND

6743
04:46:12,815 --> 04:46:13,682
CHARACTERIZING THEIR

6744
04:46:13,682 --> 04:46:14,583
RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE ENDPOINTS

6745
04:46:14,583 --> 04:46:15,284
OF INTEREST.

6746
04:46:15,284 --> 04:46:16,752
SOMETIMES THESE ARE PROGNOSTIC

6747
04:46:16,752 --> 04:46:18,187
IN NATURE, SOMETIMES THEY ARE

6748
04:46:18,187 --> 04:46:20,055
PREDICTIVE IN NATURE, BUT I

6749
04:46:20,055 --> 04:46:23,325
THINK FUNDAMENTALLY WE WILL HAVE

6750
04:46:23,325 --> 04:46:24,760
ESPECIALLY IN AREAS WHERE THESE

6751
04:46:24,760 --> 04:46:26,095
ARE SLOW MOVING OR SLOWLY

6752
04:46:26,095 --> 04:46:28,063
PROGRESSING AREAS, THAT IT IS

6753
04:46:28,063 --> 04:46:29,898
ESSENTIAL FOR US TO BE ABLE TO

6754
04:46:29,898 --> 04:46:32,568
HAVE A GOOD UNDERSTANDINGS OF

6755
04:46:32,568 --> 04:46:35,737
VARIOUS MARKERS AND THE PATHWAY

6756
04:46:35,737 --> 04:46:37,139
AND HOW THEY ARE RELATED TO ONE

6757
04:46:37,139 --> 04:46:38,707
ANOTHER TO BE ABLE TONT ONLY

6758
04:46:38,707 --> 04:46:40,008
TARGET THOSE, BUT ALSO TO BE

6759
04:46:40,008 --> 04:46:42,177
ABLE TO MEASURE -- TO NOT ONLY

6760
04:46:42,177 --> 04:46:43,178
TARGET THOSE BUT ALSO TO BE ABLE

6761
04:46:43,178 --> 04:46:45,147
TO MEASURE AND USE THEM TO

6762
04:46:45,147 --> 04:46:47,249
IDENTIFY TREATMENT OR EVEN

6763
04:46:47,249 --> 04:46:47,950
INFORM PATIENT SELECTION, WHICH

6764
04:46:47,950 --> 04:46:50,619
COMES TO THE NEXT POINT, WHERE

6765
04:46:50,619 --> 04:46:52,187
QUANTITATIVE MEDICINE APPROACHES

6766
04:46:52,187 --> 04:46:54,356
CAN BE VERY USEFUL FOR INFORMING

6767
04:46:54,356 --> 04:46:56,425
CLINICAL TRIAL DESIGN,

6768
04:46:56,425 --> 04:46:57,192
ENRICHMENT, IDENTIFYING THE

6769
04:46:57,192 --> 04:46:59,728
RIGHT PATIENTS WHO MIGHT BENEFIT

6770
04:46:59,728 --> 04:47:02,197
FROM THE TREATMENT.

6771
04:47:02,197 --> 04:47:05,734
ONE OF THE RIGHT -- ON WHAT

6772
04:47:05,734 --> 04:47:09,238
DR. BURACCHIO ADDED, FIND THE

6773
04:47:09,238 --> 04:47:10,772
RIGHT PATIENT AND AT THE RIGHT

6774
04:47:10,772 --> 04:47:11,206
TIME.

6775
04:47:11,206 --> 04:47:12,641
SO QUANTITATIVE MEDICINE

6776
04:47:12,641 --> 04:47:14,710
APPROACHES ARE OFTEN USEFUL FOR

6777
04:47:14,710 --> 04:47:15,878
INFORMING THOSE SELECTION.

6778
04:47:15,878 --> 04:47:17,880
THEY CAN BE VERY USEFUL FOR

6779
04:47:17,880 --> 04:47:19,414
INFORMING THE ENDPOINT SELECTION

6780
04:47:19,414 --> 04:47:21,817
AS WELL AS TIMING OF ASSESSMENTS

6781
04:47:21,817 --> 04:47:26,221
DEPENDING UPON THE TRAJECT RIDS

6782
04:47:26,221 --> 04:47:27,322
OF RESPONSE EFFORTS AS WELL AS

6783
04:47:27,322 --> 04:47:28,423
TREATMENT EFFORTS AND LASTLY

6784
04:47:28,423 --> 04:47:30,492
OFTEN USED FOR OPTIMIZING DOSE,

6785
04:47:30,492 --> 04:47:32,027
DOSING REGIMENS, BRIDGING

6786
04:47:32,027 --> 04:47:34,763
BETWEEN PRESENTATIONS, MIGHT

6787
04:47:34,763 --> 04:47:36,965
COME WITH FROM ONE DRUG ROUTE OF

6788
04:47:36,965 --> 04:47:37,966
ADMINISTRATION, IF THEY WERE TO

6789
04:47:37,966 --> 04:47:40,102
CHANGE FOR OTHER ROUTES OF

6790
04:47:40,102 --> 04:47:41,770
ADMINISTRATIONS, THESE

6791
04:47:41,770 --> 04:47:43,405
APPROACHES BRING IN A CERTAIN

6792
04:47:43,405 --> 04:47:45,140
ELEMENT OF EFFICIENCY SUCH THAT

6793
04:47:45,140 --> 04:47:46,475
WE CAN LEVERAGE IF OUR

6794
04:47:46,475 --> 04:47:47,643
UNDERSTANDING FROM PREVIOUS

6795
04:47:47,643 --> 04:47:52,381
EFFORTS TO BE ABLE TO HELP

6796
04:47:52,381 --> 04:47:53,615
INFORM THESE MODIFICATIONS.

6797
04:47:53,615 --> 04:47:56,585
SO LASTLY, BEFORE I CLOSE, I

6798
04:47:56,585 --> 04:47:58,854
WOULD POINT OUT SEVERAL

6799
04:47:58,854 --> 04:48:00,389
RESOURCES THAT ARE OUT THERE,

6800
04:48:00,389 --> 04:48:02,457
THE QUANTITATIVE MEDICINE CENTER

6801
04:48:02,457 --> 04:48:03,258
OF EXCELLENCE, AS WELL AS OUR

6802
04:48:03,258 --> 04:48:04,560
CONTACT INFORMATION, SO IF YOU

6803
04:48:04,560 --> 04:48:05,761
HAVE A GOOD IDEA AND YOU ARE

6804
04:48:05,761 --> 04:48:06,828
INTERESTED IN REACHING OUT TO

6805
04:48:06,828 --> 04:48:08,830
US, THAT COULD BE THE INBOX, AND

6806
04:48:08,830 --> 04:48:15,270
WE ALSO HAVE A SUITE OF

6807
04:48:15,270 --> 04:48:16,505
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES THAT WE

6808
04:48:16,505 --> 04:48:18,373
WORK CLOSELY WITH THE CRITICAL

6809
04:48:18,373 --> 04:48:21,443
PATH INSTITUTE TO MAKE THEM

6810
04:48:21,443 --> 04:48:22,978
ONLINE, THIS IS THE CONTENT THAT

6811
04:48:22,978 --> 04:48:28,116
IS AVAILABLE ON OUR WEBSITE AND

6812
04:48:28,116 --> 04:48:29,952
ALSO INFORMATION FOR HEARING

6813
04:48:29,952 --> 04:48:31,153
ABOUT VARIOUS PRIORITIES AND

6814
04:48:31,153 --> 04:48:32,821
OPPORTUNITIES HA WE SHOULD

6815
04:48:32,821 --> 04:48:34,556
PROBABLY START THINKING ABOUT

6816
04:48:34,556 --> 04:48:45,100
AND PRIORITIZE AS WE GO FORWARD.

6817
04:48:45,100 --> 04:48:46,501
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.

6818
04:48:46,501 --> 04:48:48,870
WHAT A GREAT EXAMPLE OF THE

6819
04:48:48,870 --> 04:48:49,938
CROSS-CENTER COLLABORATIONS.

6820
04:48:49,938 --> 04:48:51,540
I THINK NEXT I'LL TURN IT OVER

6821
04:48:51,540 --> 04:48:53,942
TO DR. LIU WHO IS GOING TO TALK

6822
04:48:53,942 --> 04:48:56,678
ABOUT THE CENTER FOR BIOLOGICS

6823
04:48:56,678 --> 04:49:07,155
EVALUATION AND RESEARCH AND

6824
04:49:11,760 --> 04:49:12,894
>> ALL RIGHT.

6825
04:49:12,894 --> 04:49:13,662
GOOD AFTERNOON.

6826
04:49:13,662 --> 04:49:15,597
FIRST I WOULD LIKE TO THANK THE

6827
04:49:15,597 --> 04:49:17,366
ORGANIZERS FOR THE INVITATION.

6828
04:49:17,366 --> 04:49:20,202
IT HAS BEEN A FANTASTIC MEETING

6829
04:49:20,202 --> 04:49:22,104
AND IT'S A PRETTY GREAT PLEASURE

6830
04:49:22,104 --> 04:49:23,605
TO BE HERE.

6831
04:49:23,605 --> 04:49:28,610
SO WE HAVE HEARD QUITE A BIT

6832
04:49:28,610 --> 04:49:31,046
ABOUT -- IN THE PAST THREE DAYS

6833
04:49:31,046 --> 04:49:33,248
AND IN FACT THE OFFICE OF

6834
04:49:33,248 --> 04:49:34,316
THERAPEUTIC PRODUCTS ACTUALLY

6835
04:49:34,316 --> 04:49:36,184
OVERSEES A LOT OF THESE

6836
04:49:36,184 --> 04:49:36,551
PRODUCTS.

6837
04:49:36,551 --> 04:49:38,587
SO FOR TODAY, I WOULD LIKE TO

6838
04:49:38,587 --> 04:49:41,657
JUST GIVE A VERY HIGH LEVEL

6839
04:49:41,657 --> 04:49:42,958
OVERVIEW OF OPPORTUNITIES TO

6840
04:49:42,958 --> 04:49:46,228
INTERACT WITH THE OFFICE OF

6841
04:49:46,228 --> 04:49:46,995
THERAPEUTIC PRODUCTS, AND I HOPE

6842
04:49:46,995 --> 04:49:49,197
THIS INFORMATION WILL BE HELPFUL

6843
04:49:49,197 --> 04:49:52,267
TO ALL THE GREAT WORK THAT YOU

6844
04:49:52,267 --> 04:49:54,102
ARE DOING.

6845
04:49:54,102 --> 04:49:55,971
SO THE OFFICE OF THERAPEUTIC

6846
04:49:55,971 --> 04:49:59,474
PRODUCTS OTP IS A SUPER OFFICE

6847
04:49:59,474 --> 04:50:02,010
THAT WAS ESTABLISHED BACK IN

6848
04:50:02,010 --> 04:50:02,477
2023.

6849
04:50:02,477 --> 04:50:06,748
THIS OFFICE OVERSEES A VARIETY

6850
04:50:06,748 --> 04:50:09,718
OF PRODUCTS, INCLUDING CELL

6851
04:50:09,718 --> 04:50:11,553
THERAPY, GENE THERAPY,

6852
04:50:11,553 --> 04:50:14,623
THERAPEUTIC VACCINES,

6853
04:50:14,623 --> 04:50:16,491
TRANSPLANTATION, HUMAN TISSUE

6854
04:50:16,491 --> 04:50:17,225
PRODUCTS, COMBINATION PRODUCTS

6855
04:50:17,225 --> 04:50:18,393
AND DEVICE, YOU NAME IT.

6856
04:50:18,393 --> 04:50:20,729
WE HAVE SIX OFFICES AND THREE OF

6857
04:50:20,729 --> 04:50:23,732
THE OFFICES ARE FOR

6858
04:50:23,732 --> 04:50:24,599
MANUFACTURING REVIEW, AND ONE

6859
04:50:24,599 --> 04:50:26,468
OFFICE IS FOR CLINICAL REVIEW

6860
04:50:26,468 --> 04:50:31,473
AND THEN ONE OFFICE IS

6861
04:50:31,473 --> 04:50:33,342
PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY REVIEW

6862
04:50:33,342 --> 04:50:35,977
AND ALSO OFFICE OF REVIEW

6863
04:50:35,977 --> 04:50:39,481
MANAGEMENT AND REGULATORY

6864
04:50:39,481 --> 04:50:39,715
REVIEW.

6865
04:50:39,715 --> 04:50:41,350
THERE ARE MANY OPPORTUNITIES TO

6866
04:50:41,350 --> 04:50:44,219
INTERACT WITH OTP DURING THE

6867
04:50:44,219 --> 04:50:45,587
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT.

6868
04:50:45,587 --> 04:50:49,424
WE HIGHLY ENCOURAGE OUR SPONSORS

6869
04:50:49,424 --> 04:50:51,827
TO UTILIZE ALL THE MILESTONES,

6870
04:50:51,827 --> 04:50:58,967
FOR EXAMPLE THE PRE-IND AND ONE

6871
04:50:58,967 --> 04:51:00,969
AND TWO, IN ADDITION, EARLY IN

6872
04:51:00,969 --> 04:51:02,704
THE NONBINDING REGULATORY ADVICE

6873
04:51:02,704 --> 04:51:05,507
CAN BE OBTAINED FOR

6874
04:51:05,507 --> 04:51:06,742
MANUFACTURING, FOR ANIMAL

6875
04:51:06,742 --> 04:51:09,978
STUDIES, FOR CLINICAL

6876
04:51:09,978 --> 04:51:11,780
DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE INDIRECT

6877
04:51:11,780 --> 04:51:14,182
MEETING WHICH STANDS FOR INITIAL

6878
04:51:14,182 --> 04:51:15,951
TARGETED ENGAGEMENT FOR

6879
04:51:15,951 --> 04:51:18,220
REGULATORY DEVICE ON C DE R

6880
04:51:18,220 --> 04:51:18,587
PRODUCTS.

6881
04:51:18,587 --> 04:51:20,722
WE ALSO HAVE MANY OTHER

6882
04:51:20,722 --> 04:51:22,324
OPPORTUNITIES AND FOR ENHANCED

6883
04:51:22,324 --> 04:51:24,926
COMMUNICATION WITH OTP FOR ALL

6884
04:51:24,926 --> 04:51:26,895
STAKEHOLDERS, AND THIS SLIDE

6885
04:51:26,895 --> 04:51:29,865
PROVIDES SOME EXAMPLES OF SUCH

6886
04:51:29,865 --> 04:51:30,432
OPPORTUNITIES.

6887
04:51:30,432 --> 04:51:32,033
THE PATIENT FOCUSED DRUG

6888
04:51:32,033 --> 04:51:33,702
DEVELOPMENT MEETINGS, PATIENT

6889
04:51:33,702 --> 04:51:35,670
LISTENING SESSIONS, AND

6890
04:51:35,670 --> 04:51:37,406
REGENERATIVE MEDICINE EDUCATION

6891
04:51:37,406 --> 04:51:40,175
WEBINARS ARE ALL PART OUR

6892
04:51:40,175 --> 04:51:43,011
COLLABORATIVE EFFORT TO CONNECT

6893
04:51:43,011 --> 04:51:44,980
WITH PATIENT COMMUNITIES AND TO

6894
04:51:44,980 --> 04:51:49,484
BETTER UNDERSTAND PATIENT

6895
04:51:49,484 --> 04:51:50,452
PERSPECTIVES, EXPERIENCE.

6896
04:51:50,452 --> 04:51:53,221
FOR RARE DISEASES, THE RDEA

6897
04:51:53,221 --> 04:51:55,490
PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE A

6898
04:51:55,490 --> 04:51:58,160
PLATFORM FOR OUR SPONSORS TO

6899
04:51:58,160 --> 04:51:59,461
COLLABORATE WITH THE FDA THROUGH

6900
04:51:59,461 --> 04:52:06,668
THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL

6901
04:52:06,668 --> 04:52:08,303
ENDPOINTS AND START WAS VERY

6902
04:52:08,303 --> 04:52:10,071
WELL RECEIVED AND CAN PROVIDE

6903
04:52:10,071 --> 04:52:13,909
ANOTHER PATHWAY FOR RARE DISEASE

6904
04:52:13,909 --> 04:52:15,310
DRUG THERAPEUTICS -- DRUG

6905
04:52:15,310 --> 04:52:16,845
DEVELOPERS TO ENGAGE WITH THE

6906
04:52:16,845 --> 04:52:20,682
FDA AND TO ACCELERATE DRUG

6907
04:52:20,682 --> 04:52:20,982
DEVELOPMENT.

6908
04:52:20,982 --> 04:52:23,852
FOR TECHNOLOGY FOCUSED PROGRAMS,

6909
04:52:23,852 --> 04:52:25,487
WE HAVE THE PLATFORM TECHNOLOGY

6910
04:52:25,487 --> 04:52:26,254
DESIGNATION.

6911
04:52:26,254 --> 04:52:30,192
THIS ONE IS DESIGNED FOR

6912
04:52:30,192 --> 04:52:31,393
TECHNOLOGIES THAT ARE WELL

6913
04:52:31,393 --> 04:52:33,228
UNDERSTOOD AND REPRODUCIBLE AND

6914
04:52:33,228 --> 04:52:35,564
WE HOPE TO LEVERAGE THE

6915
04:52:35,564 --> 04:52:37,199
NONCLINICAL DATA AND

6916
04:52:37,199 --> 04:52:39,501
MANUFACTURING DATA OF THESE

6917
04:52:39,501 --> 04:52:42,137
TECHNOLOGIES AND FOR

6918
04:52:42,137 --> 04:52:43,438
ACCELERATING PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

6919
04:52:43,438 --> 04:52:45,140
FOR OTHER PRODUCTS.

6920
04:52:45,140 --> 04:52:48,143
ON THE OTHER HAND, THE CBER

6921
04:52:48,143 --> 04:52:51,346
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY TEAM

6922
04:52:51,346 --> 04:52:52,881
MEETINGS FOCUS ON NOVEL

6923
04:52:52,881 --> 04:52:54,716
TECHNOLOGIES THAT HAVE THE

6924
04:52:54,716 --> 04:52:56,384
POTENTIAL TO HAVE SIGNIFICANT

6925
04:52:56,384 --> 04:52:59,354
IMPACT ON PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT.

6926
04:52:59,354 --> 04:53:02,290
THE ENHANCED COMMUNICATIONS ARE

6927
04:53:02,290 --> 04:53:03,925
ALSO OFFERED THROUGH OUR

6928
04:53:03,925 --> 04:53:06,328
EXPEDITED PROGRAMS, FOR EXAMPLE,

6929
04:53:06,328 --> 04:53:07,762
FAST TRACK, BREAK THROUGH

6930
04:53:07,762 --> 04:53:09,431
THERAPY AND RMAT.

6931
04:53:09,431 --> 04:53:10,732
I'M GOING TO TALK A LITTLE BIT

6932
04:53:10,732 --> 04:53:13,368
MORE ABOUT THE RMAT DESIGNATION

6933
04:53:13,368 --> 04:53:17,839
AS IT IS RATHER UNIQUE TO OTP

6934
04:53:17,839 --> 04:53:20,909
REGULATED PRODUCTS.

6935
04:53:20,909 --> 04:53:24,112
SO RMAT STANDS FOR REGENERATIVE

6936
04:53:24,112 --> 04:53:25,013
MEDICINE ADVANCED THERAPY.

6937
04:53:25,013 --> 04:53:29,484
THE PROGRAM WAS ESTABLISHEDS BY

6938
04:53:29,484 --> 04:53:31,186
THE 21ST CENTURY CURES ACT IN

6939
04:53:31,186 --> 04:53:34,155
2016 AND IS BASICALLY

6940
04:53:34,155 --> 04:53:38,326
REGENERATIVE MEDICINE ADVANCED

6941
04:53:38,326 --> 04:53:38,894
THERAPIES.

6942
04:53:38,894 --> 04:53:39,995
THE FOLLOWING PROVIDES A

6943
04:53:39,995 --> 04:53:41,763
DEFINITION OF REGENERATIVE

6944
04:53:41,763 --> 04:53:42,731
MEDICINE THERAPY.

6945
04:53:42,731 --> 04:53:46,568
LTS DEFINED BY THE FACT AS CELL

6946
04:53:46,568 --> 04:53:47,669
THERAPY, THERAPEUTIC TISSUE

6947
04:53:47,669 --> 04:53:48,803
ENGINEERING PRODUCTS, HUMAN CELL

6948
04:53:48,803 --> 04:53:51,172
AND TISSUE PRODUCTS, OR ANY

6949
04:53:51,172 --> 04:53:53,241
COMBINATION PRODUCT USING SUCH

6950
04:53:53,241 --> 04:53:55,010
THERAPIES OR PRODUCTS.

6951
04:53:55,010 --> 04:53:55,977
COMBINATION PRODUCT CAN BE

6952
04:53:55,977 --> 04:53:58,780
ELIGIBLE FOR RMAT DESIGNATION

6953
04:53:58,780 --> 04:54:01,249
WHEN THE BIOLOGICAL COMPONENT

6954
04:54:01,249 --> 04:54:02,851
PROVIDES THE GREATEST

6955
04:54:02,851 --> 04:54:04,986
CONTRIBUTION TO THE OVERALL

6956
04:54:04,986 --> 04:54:06,087
INTENDED EFFECTS OF THE

6957
04:54:06,087 --> 04:54:08,290
COMBINATION PRODUCT.

6958
04:54:08,290 --> 04:54:10,692
IN ADDITION, GENE THERAPIES,

6959
04:54:10,692 --> 04:54:12,327
INCLUDING GENETICALLY MODIFIED

6960
04:54:12,327 --> 04:54:14,429
CELLS, THAT LEAD TO A SUSTAINED

6961
04:54:14,429 --> 04:54:18,700
EFFECT ON CELLS OR TISSUES, SUCH

6962
04:54:18,700 --> 04:54:22,304
AS ANTI-VIRAL GENE THERAPY,

6963
04:54:22,304 --> 04:54:24,172
MEDIATED GENE THERAPY ARE ALSO

6964
04:54:24,172 --> 04:54:26,241
CONSIDERED AS REGENERATIVE

6965
04:54:26,241 --> 04:54:30,512
MEDICINE THERAPY.

6966
04:54:30,512 --> 04:54:32,814
FOR RMAT DESIGNATION AN

6967
04:54:32,814 --> 04:54:34,015
INVESTIGATIONAL DRUG MUST MEET

6968
04:54:34,015 --> 04:54:35,951
THE DEFINITION OF REGENERATIVE

6969
04:54:35,951 --> 04:54:37,819
MEDICINE THERAPY.

6970
04:54:37,819 --> 04:54:39,588
THE DRUG MUST BE INTENDED TO

6971
04:54:39,588 --> 04:54:41,690
TREAT, MODIFY, REVERSE OR CURE A

6972
04:54:41,690 --> 04:54:43,425
SERIOUS OR LIFE-THREATENING

6973
04:54:43,425 --> 04:54:46,661
DISEASE OR CONDITION, IN

6974
04:54:46,661 --> 04:54:48,763
ADDITION, PRELIMINARY CLINICAL

6975
04:54:48,763 --> 04:54:50,765
EVIDENCE NEEDS TO SUPPORT THAT

6976
04:54:50,765 --> 04:54:52,500
THE DRUG HAS THE POE TECIALG TO

6977
04:54:52,500 --> 04:54:54,569
ADDRESS UNMET -- POTENTIAL TO

6978
04:54:54,569 --> 04:54:56,438
ADDRESS UNMET NEEDS FOR SUCH

6979
04:54:56,438 --> 04:54:58,173
DISEASE OR CONDITION.

6980
04:54:58,173 --> 04:55:01,576
MUCH THE VANGDZ OF THE RMAT

6981
04:55:01,576 --> 04:55:02,544
DESIGNATION INCLUDE ALL OF THE

6982
04:55:02,544 --> 04:55:04,613
BENEFIT OF THE FAST TRACK AND

6983
04:55:04,613 --> 04:55:05,513
BREAKTHROUGH DESIGNATION

6984
04:55:05,513 --> 04:55:06,915
PROGRAMS, INCLUDING EARLY

6985
04:55:06,915 --> 04:55:08,783
INTERACTIONS WITH FDA TO DISCUSS

6986
04:55:08,783 --> 04:55:11,419
ANY POTENTIAL SURROGATE OR

6987
04:55:11,419 --> 04:55:12,821
INTERMEDIATE ENDPOINTS TO

6988
04:55:12,821 --> 04:55:16,024
SUPPORT ACCELERATED APPROVAL.

6989
04:55:16,024 --> 04:55:17,559
THE STATUTE ALSO ADDRESSES

6990
04:55:17,559 --> 04:55:19,427
POTENTIAL WAYS TO SUPPORT

6991
04:55:19,427 --> 04:55:22,364
ACCELERATED APPROVAL AND SATISFY

6992
04:55:22,364 --> 04:55:25,667
POST-APPROVAL REQUIREMENTS.

6993
04:55:25,667 --> 04:55:27,235
I DON'T HAVE TIME TO GO INTO ALL

6994
04:55:27,235 --> 04:55:29,137
THE DETAILS OF ALL THE WONDERFUL

6995
04:55:29,137 --> 04:55:31,439
PROGRAMS, BUT I DOMENT TO SHARE

6996
04:55:31,439 --> 04:55:32,974
THIS PIE CHART WITH YOU -- BUT I

6997
04:55:32,974 --> 04:55:34,309
DO WANT TO SHARE THIS PIE CHART

6998
04:55:34,309 --> 04:55:34,843
WITH YOU.

6999
04:55:34,843 --> 04:55:40,849
AS OF DECEMBER 2023, WE RECEIVED

7000
04:55:40,849 --> 04:55:42,283
270 RMAT DESIGNATION REQUESTS.

7001
04:55:42,283 --> 04:55:45,520
OF THESE, 99 WERE GRANTED.

7002
04:55:45,520 --> 04:55:48,390
AND AS SHOWN IN THIS PIE CHART,

7003
04:55:48,390 --> 04:55:52,761
NEUROLOGY HAS THE MOST RMAT

7004
04:55:52,761 --> 04:55:55,997
DESIGNATION REQUESTS.

7005
04:55:55,997 --> 04:55:59,467
I THINK THIS IS A GREAT

7006
04:55:59,467 --> 04:56:01,503
REPRESENTATION FOR THE INTEREST

7007
04:56:01,503 --> 04:56:03,038
FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF

7008
04:56:03,038 --> 04:56:04,706
REGENERATIVE MEDICINE, PRECISION

7009
04:56:04,706 --> 04:56:05,907
MEDICINE FOR NEUROLOGICAL

7010
04:56:05,907 --> 04:56:09,511
DISORDERS INCLUDING ALZHEIMER'S

7011
04:56:09,511 --> 04:56:09,744
DISEASE.

7012
04:56:09,744 --> 04:56:12,414
WITH THAT, HERE IS OUR CONTACT

7013
04:56:12,414 --> 04:56:15,283
INFORMATION AND A LOT OF

7014
04:56:15,283 --> 04:56:16,584
WEBSITE, THE RESOURCES PROVIDED

7015
04:56:16,584 --> 04:56:16,785
THERE.

7016
04:56:16,785 --> 04:56:23,425
THANK YOU.

7017
04:56:23,425 --> 04:56:26,461
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH, DR.
LIU.

7018
04:56:26,461 --> 04:56:28,430
I'M HAPPY TO TURN IT OVER TO MY

7019
04:56:28,430 --> 04:56:31,066
COLLEAGUE AND PARTNER

7020
04:56:31,066 --> 04:56:33,201
DR. MICHELLE CAMPBELL WHO WORKS

7021
04:56:33,201 --> 04:56:35,970
SO MUCH ACROSS NEURAL PROGRAMS,

7022
04:56:35,970 --> 04:56:37,439
PATIENT FOCUSED DEVELOPMENT.

7023
04:56:37,439 --> 04:56:38,306
>> THANK YOU.

7024
04:56:38,306 --> 04:56:40,809
I'LL SPEND THE NEXT COUPLE

7025
04:56:40,809 --> 04:56:41,509
MINUTES TALKING ABOUT HOW WE

7026
04:56:41,509 --> 04:56:44,846
WANT TO CAPTURE THE LIVED

7027
04:56:44,846 --> 04:56:46,848
EXPERIENCE.

7028
04:56:46,848 --> 04:56:48,917
I'M IN THE OFFICE OF

7029
04:56:48,917 --> 04:56:50,552
NEUROSCIENCE IN C DE R BUT THE

7030
04:56:50,552 --> 04:56:52,654
PROGRAMS I'LL BE TALKING ABOUT

7031
04:56:52,654 --> 04:56:54,923
ARE ACROSS ALL THREE MEDICAL

7032
04:56:54,923 --> 04:56:57,525
PRODUCT CENTERS INCLUDING CBER

7033
04:56:57,525 --> 04:56:58,460
AS WELL.

7034
04:56:58,460 --> 04:57:00,228
PATIENT FOCUSED DRUG DISWOMENT A

7035
04:57:00,228 --> 04:57:03,498
SYSTEM ABILITY APPROACH TO HELP

7036
04:57:03,498 --> 04:57:04,666
ENSURE THAT THE PATIENT'S

7037
04:57:04,666 --> 04:57:05,467
EXPERIENCES, PERSPECTIVES AND

7038
04:57:05,467 --> 04:57:07,001
NEEDS ARE CAPTURED AND

7039
04:57:07,001 --> 04:57:07,769
MEANINGFULLY INCORPORATED INTO

7040
04:57:07,769 --> 04:57:10,739
DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION.

7041
04:57:10,739 --> 04:57:12,340
SO FIRST AND FOREMOST IN OUR

7042
04:57:12,340 --> 04:57:14,476
EVERY DAY AS DR. BURACCHIO SAID

7043
04:57:14,476 --> 04:57:16,211
WHAT, WE THINK ABOUT, SO FOR US,

7044
04:57:16,211 --> 04:57:17,979
WE ALSO THINK ABOUT AS WE WANT

7045
04:57:17,979 --> 04:57:19,948
TO HAVE TREATMENTS THAT ARE

7046
04:57:19,948 --> 04:57:20,615
CLINICALLY MEANINGFUL TO

7047
04:57:20,615 --> 04:57:22,050
PATIENTS THAT DEMONSTRATES THAT

7048
04:57:22,050 --> 04:57:23,585
THEY IMPROVE HOW THEY FEEL,

7049
04:57:23,585 --> 04:57:27,856
FUNCTION OR SURVIVE.

7050
04:57:27,856 --> 04:57:30,024
PATIENT FOCUSED DRUG DEVELOPMENT

7051
04:57:30,024 --> 04:57:31,659
IS REALLY CAUTERIZED AND PULLED

7052
04:57:31,659 --> 04:57:33,328
OUT AND SPECIFICALLY LISTED.

7053
04:57:33,328 --> 04:57:36,364
BACK IN 2012 THIS REALLY CAME

7054
04:57:36,364 --> 04:57:38,333
ABOUT, AND SO IT'S BEEN A

7055
04:57:38,333 --> 04:57:40,769
PLEASURE TO WORK IN THIS SPACE

7056
04:57:40,769 --> 04:57:42,337
SINCE ITS INFANCY OF REALLY HOW

7057
04:57:42,337 --> 04:57:45,573
DO WE APPLY THIS TO DRUG

7058
04:57:45,573 --> 04:57:47,342
DEVELOPMENT, BECAUSE IT HAS

7059
04:57:47,342 --> 04:57:48,743
GROWN AMAZINGLY IN THE LAST

7060
04:57:48,743 --> 04:57:50,278
DECADE WITH HOW DO WE

7061
04:57:50,278 --> 04:57:53,214
INCORPORATE PATIENT FOCUSED DRUG

7062
04:57:53,214 --> 04:57:54,649
DEVELOPMENT THROUGHOUT THE DRUG

7063
04:57:54,649 --> 04:57:55,650
DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE.

7064
04:57:55,650 --> 04:57:57,485
ILT IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT FOR

7065
04:57:57,485 --> 04:57:59,254
PATIENT FOCUSED DRUG DEVELOPMENT

7066
04:57:59,254 --> 04:58:01,322
FDA IS JUST ONE STAKEHOLDER.

7067
04:58:01,322 --> 04:58:02,390
INDUSTRY, ACADEMIA EXPSK

7068
04:58:02,390 --> 04:58:03,658
PATIENTS AND THEIR FAMILIES ARE

7069
04:58:03,658 --> 04:58:05,026
OTHER KEY STAKEHOLDERS THAT NEED

7070
04:58:05,026 --> 04:58:06,761
TO BE THOUGHT ABOUT WHEN WE'RE

7071
04:58:06,761 --> 04:58:08,463
CONSIDERING HOW TO DEVELOP DRUGS

7072
04:58:08,463 --> 04:58:10,965
AND THERAPIES FOR ALZHEIMER'S,

7073
04:58:10,965 --> 04:58:12,600
AND I THINK YOUR PANEL YESTERDAY

7074
04:58:12,600 --> 04:58:15,436
MORNING REALLY HIGHLIGHTED THAT

7075
04:58:15,436 --> 04:58:17,305
ABOUT HOW PEOPLE TALKED ABOUT

7076
04:58:17,305 --> 04:58:18,606
THEIR EXPERIENCE WS THEIR LOVED

7077
04:58:18,606 --> 04:58:19,908
ONES AND WHAT WERE THOSE

7078
04:58:19,908 --> 04:58:21,709
OPPORTUNITIES FOR THEM TO LEARN

7079
04:58:21,709 --> 04:58:24,512
MORE ABOUT IF THEY HAVE A RISK

7080
04:58:24,512 --> 04:58:25,914
FOR DEVELOPMENT, AND I THINK

7081
04:58:25,914 --> 04:58:28,383
THAT WAS A REALLY GREAT EXAMPLE

7082
04:58:28,383 --> 04:58:29,784
AND THEY WERE PROVIDING SOME

7083
04:58:29,784 --> 04:58:32,187
REALLY GREAT EXAMPLES OF HOW TO

7084
04:58:32,187 --> 04:58:34,622
INCORPORATE THEIR THOUGHTS INTO

7085
04:58:34,622 --> 04:58:36,124
EITHER CLINICAL PRACTICE,

7086
04:58:36,124 --> 04:58:40,295
CLINICAL RESEARCH AND CLINICAL

7087
04:58:40,295 --> 04:58:42,297
TRIALS.

7088
04:58:42,297 --> 04:58:42,664
SPECIFIC.

7089
04:58:42,664 --> 04:58:44,966
LY FOR FDA, SPECIFIC THINGS WE

7090
04:58:44,966 --> 04:58:46,434
HAVE LED IN OUR UNDERTAKING

7091
04:58:46,434 --> 04:58:48,736
FIRST AND FOREMOST WAS OUR FDA

7092
04:58:48,736 --> 04:58:51,472
LED PATIENT FOCUSED DRUG

7093
04:58:51,472 --> 04:58:52,774
DEVELOPMENT MEETINGS THAT CAME

7094
04:58:52,774 --> 04:58:54,642
OUT OF FIVE, WE WERE MANDATED TO

7095
04:58:54,642 --> 04:58:56,277
HAVE SO MANY MEETINGS AND WITH

7096
04:58:56,277 --> 04:58:57,812
SO MANY DISEASES AND DISORDERS,

7097
04:58:57,812 --> 04:58:59,013
WE HAD TO FIGURE OUT WHICH ONES

7098
04:58:59,013 --> 04:59:00,148
TO START WITH.

7099
04:59:00,148 --> 04:59:02,417
WE DID DO SUCCESSFULLY EXCEED

7100
04:59:02,417 --> 04:59:06,454
OUR MANDATES AND WE LEARNED FROM

7101
04:59:06,454 --> 04:59:07,655
DISEASES THAT HAVE MAYBE A

7102
04:59:07,655 --> 04:59:10,124
LARGER POPULATION OF FOLKS, AND

7103
04:59:10,124 --> 04:59:11,292
RARE DISEASE AS WELL.

7104
04:59:11,292 --> 04:59:12,460
WHAT WE LEARNED, WHICH I THINK

7105
04:59:12,460 --> 04:59:14,629
FOR A LOT OF US IN THIS AUDIENCE

7106
04:59:14,629 --> 04:59:18,633
WE KNOW, BUT IT REALLY, REALLY

7107
04:59:18,633 --> 04:59:20,268
RANG TRUE AND IS THE HALLMARK OF

7108
04:59:20,268 --> 04:59:22,804
HOW WE PRACTICE PFDD IS PATIENTS

7109
04:59:22,804 --> 04:59:24,105
ARE THE EXPERTS OF THEIR

7110
04:59:24,105 --> 04:59:25,206
CONDITIONS, AND WE SHOULD REALLY

7111
04:59:25,206 --> 04:59:27,108
BE TALKING TO THEM BECAUSE WE

7112
04:59:27,108 --> 04:59:29,043
KNOW THAT IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT,

7113
04:59:29,043 --> 04:59:30,345
SOMETIMES WHAT IS BEING CAPTURED

7114
04:59:30,345 --> 04:59:31,880
IS ACTUALLY NOT WHAT'S

7115
04:59:31,880 --> 04:59:32,747
MEANINGFUL TO PATIENTS.

7116
04:59:32,747 --> 04:59:36,084
SO WE REALLY NEED TO MAKE SURE

7117
04:59:36,084 --> 04:59:38,019
WE'RE TAKING INTO THOSE

7118
04:59:38,019 --> 04:59:39,120
EXPERIENCES INTO OUR DRUG

7119
04:59:39,120 --> 04:59:39,454
DEVELOPMENT.

7120
04:59:39,454 --> 04:59:40,755
IT'S ALSO IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT

7121
04:59:40,755 --> 04:59:42,657
WHEN WE'RE APPLYING PATIENT

7122
04:59:42,657 --> 04:59:44,192
FOCUSED DRUG DEVELOPMENTS INTO

7123
04:59:44,192 --> 04:59:45,260
CLINICAL TRIAL DESIGN, WE ALSO

7124
04:59:45,260 --> 04:59:47,662
HAVE TO BALANCE ALL THE OTHER

7125
04:59:47,662 --> 04:59:48,897
THINGS WE'VE BEEN TALKING ABOUT,

7126
04:59:48,897 --> 04:59:50,298
WHAT DO WE THINK THE DRUG GOING

7127
04:59:50,298 --> 04:59:53,034
TO DO, DHUNG WE THINK WE'LL SEE

7128
04:59:53,034 --> 04:59:54,802
AN EFFECT, WILL WE BE ABLE TO

7129
04:59:54,802 --> 04:59:56,104
CHANGE THIS CONCEPT THAT IS

7130
04:59:56,104 --> 04:59:57,839
REALLY IMPORTANT TO FAMILIES AND

7131
04:59:57,839 --> 05:00:01,042
TO PATIENT FROM THAT TREATMENT.

7132
05:00:01,042 --> 05:00:03,311
WE HAVE SUCCESSFULLY

7133
05:00:03,311 --> 05:00:05,947
TRANSITIONED FROM FDA LED PFFD

7134
05:00:05,947 --> 05:00:08,549
MEETINGS WHICH WE STILL WILL

7135
05:00:08,549 --> 05:00:10,652
HOST AS NEEDED TO A VERY

7136
05:00:10,652 --> 05:00:12,186
SUCCESSFUL EXTERNALLY LED

7137
05:00:12,186 --> 05:00:14,956
PATIENT FOCUSED DRUG DEVELOPMENT

7138
05:00:14,956 --> 05:00:16,591
PROGRAM WHERE PATIENT GROUPS

7139
05:00:16,591 --> 05:00:19,761
WILL SUBMIT LETTERS OF INTENT TO

7140
05:00:19,761 --> 05:00:21,562
CDER, WANTING TO HOST MEETINGS,

7141
05:00:21,562 --> 05:00:23,498
AND ONCE YOU ENGAGE WITH THE

7142
05:00:23,498 --> 05:00:24,832
PATIENT FOCUSED DRUG DEVELOPMENT

7143
05:00:24,832 --> 05:00:26,668
STAFF ON HOW TO DO THAT, SO THEY

7144
05:00:26,668 --> 05:00:28,102
DO HAVE SOMEONE TO WORK WITH,

7145
05:00:28,102 --> 05:00:31,706
THEY WORK WITH US, AND REVIEW

7146
05:00:31,706 --> 05:00:33,675
DIVISIONS ABOUT HOSTING THESE

7147
05:00:33,675 --> 05:00:35,543
MEETINGS.

7148
05:00:35,543 --> 05:00:37,078
AGAIN, WHILE SOME OF THESE ARE

7149
05:00:37,078 --> 05:00:38,913
HOSTED OUT OF C DE R, ALL THREE

7150
05:00:38,913 --> 05:00:39,714
OF THE MEDICAL PRODUCT CENTERS

7151
05:00:39,714 --> 05:00:40,915
ARE FULLY INVOLVED AND

7152
05:00:40,915 --> 05:00:43,318
PARTICIPATE IN THESE MEETING AS

7153
05:00:43,318 --> 05:00:43,551
WELL.

7154
05:00:43,551 --> 05:00:45,153
SO THAT IS A GREAT VENUE FOR

7155
05:00:45,153 --> 05:00:45,486
THAT.

7156
05:00:45,486 --> 05:00:47,155
SO WE HAVE SOME UPCOMING

7157
05:00:47,155 --> 05:00:47,422
MEETINGS.

7158
05:00:47,422 --> 05:00:49,424
WE HAVE A MEETING IN I WANT TO

7159
05:00:49,424 --> 05:00:50,992
SAY TWO WEEKS, MAYBE THREE AT

7160
05:00:50,992 --> 05:00:52,927
THIS POINT, IF I CAN REMEMBER

7161
05:00:52,927 --> 05:00:56,698
CORRECTLY MY CALENDAR, FOR

7162
05:00:56,698 --> 05:00:59,000
DEMENTIA WITH LEWY BODY ON

7163
05:00:59,000 --> 05:01:01,035
OCTOBER 15 AND THEN THERE'S ONE

7164
05:01:01,035 --> 05:01:02,503
ON HUNTINGTON'S IN NOVEMBER,

7165
05:01:02,503 --> 05:01:06,641
WE'VE ALSO HAD SOME OTHER

7166
05:01:06,641 --> 05:01:07,608
EXTERNAL PATIENT MEANS AND SOME

7167
05:01:07,608 --> 05:01:11,112
OF THE OTHER ADRD RELATED

7168
05:01:11,112 --> 05:01:11,379
DEMENTIAS.

7169
05:01:11,379 --> 05:01:14,082
WE HAVE A PATIENT FOCUSED DRUG

7170
05:01:14,082 --> 05:01:15,183
DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGICAL

7171
05:01:15,183 --> 05:01:16,684
GUIDANCE SERIES, AND THIS IS, I

7172
05:01:16,684 --> 05:01:18,252
WILL SAY, AS SOMEONE WHO HELPED

7173
05:01:18,252 --> 05:01:19,988
CONTRIBUTE TO IT, IT WAS A LABOR

7174
05:01:19,988 --> 05:01:21,189
OF LOVE, AND YOU'LL PROBABLY

7175
05:01:21,189 --> 05:01:22,724
NEVER SEE A GUIDANCE SERIES EVER

7176
05:01:22,724 --> 05:01:23,591
LIKE THAT AGAIN.

7177
05:01:23,591 --> 05:01:24,926
SO I'M GOING TO HOLD OFF, I

7178
05:01:24,926 --> 05:01:26,361
THINK MY NEXT SLIDE IS ACTUAL ON

7179
05:01:26,361 --> 05:01:27,795
THAT SERIES, AND I'LL TALK A

7180
05:01:27,795 --> 05:01:29,163
LITTLE BIT MORE ABOUT THAT.

7181
05:01:29,163 --> 05:01:31,599
WHILE WE ARE NOT A FUNDING

7182
05:01:31,599 --> 05:01:34,335
AGENCY LIKE OUR COLLEAGUES AT

7183
05:01:34,335 --> 05:01:36,604
NIA AND NIH, WE DID FUND A PILOT

7184
05:01:36,604 --> 05:01:37,839
PROGRAM IN TRYING TO ADVANCE

7185
05:01:37,839 --> 05:01:41,342
DEVELOPMENT OF CLINICAL OUTCOME

7186
05:01:41,342 --> 05:01:42,443
ASSESSMENTS IN SPECIFIC DISEASE

7187
05:01:42,443 --> 05:01:45,279
AREAS OR CONCEPT AREAS.

7188
05:01:45,279 --> 05:01:48,282
SO REALLY WE ARE FULLY TRENCHED

7189
05:01:48,282 --> 05:01:50,284
IN PUSHING FORWARD PATIENT

7190
05:01:50,284 --> 05:01:55,223
FOCUSED DRUG DEVELOPMENT IN MANY

7191
05:01:55,223 --> 05:01:55,656
WAYS.

7192
05:01:55,656 --> 05:01:57,458
THE OTHER PIECE IS PATIENT

7193
05:01:57,458 --> 05:01:58,059
EXPERIENCE DATA.

7194
05:01:58,059 --> 05:02:00,161
THIS ALSO CAME OUT OF 21ST

7195
05:02:00,161 --> 05:02:02,363
CERTAIN TRI CURES AND HAS A

7196
05:02:02,363 --> 05:02:04,565
REALLY BIG DEFINITION -- REALLY

7197
05:02:04,565 --> 05:02:06,300
BROAD DEFINITION OF WHAT IS IT.

7198
05:02:06,300 --> 05:02:08,269
PATIENTS HAVE A PLETHORA OF

7199
05:02:08,269 --> 05:02:09,237
INFORMATION THAT THEY WANT TO

7200
05:02:09,237 --> 05:02:10,438
SHARE, AND THEY WANT US TO SEE

7201
05:02:10,438 --> 05:02:14,475
IT AND TO BE INFORMED BY IT.

7202
05:02:14,475 --> 05:02:15,943
REALLY PATIENT EXPERIENCE DATA,

7203
05:02:15,943 --> 05:02:17,678
THIS IS NOT THE FINAL LIST.

7204
05:02:17,678 --> 05:02:19,213
IT IS JUST A SNIPPET OF WHAT

7205
05:02:19,213 --> 05:02:20,848
THAT CAN LOOK LIKE.

7206
05:02:20,848 --> 05:02:22,817
SO IT CAN BE SOMETHING SUCH AS

7207
05:02:22,817 --> 05:02:24,152
PATIENT LISTENING SESSIONS OR

7208
05:02:24,152 --> 05:02:26,821
PATIENT FOCUSED DRUG DEVELOPMENT

7209
05:02:26,821 --> 05:02:27,422
SESSIONS, PATIENT EXPERIENCE

7210
05:02:27,422 --> 05:02:29,090
DATA IS THE CLINICAL OUTCOME

7211
05:02:29,090 --> 05:02:31,359
ASSESS THAMENTS ARE USED IN

7212
05:02:31,359 --> 05:02:32,827
CLINICAL TRIALS TO SUPPORT OUR

7213
05:02:32,827 --> 05:02:33,995
CLINICAL TRIAL ENDPOINTS, IT

7214
05:02:33,995 --> 05:02:35,263
COULD BE PATIENT PREFERENCE

7215
05:02:35,263 --> 05:02:36,230
STUDIES PARTICULARLY ON SAFETY

7216
05:02:36,230 --> 05:02:37,865
THAT A LOT OF WORK PARTICULARLY

7217
05:02:37,865 --> 05:02:40,735
IN GENE THERAPIES WITH MY CBER

7218
05:02:40,735 --> 05:02:41,936
COLLEAGUES LOOKING AT SAFETY

7219
05:02:41,936 --> 05:02:44,238
PROFILES AND WHAT IS SOMEONE'S

7220
05:02:44,238 --> 05:02:46,974
RISK TOLERANCE FOR THESE

7221
05:02:46,974 --> 05:02:47,341
NEUROTHERAPIES.

7222
05:02:47,341 --> 05:02:49,710
THEY CAN INCLUDE QUALITATIVE

7223
05:02:49,710 --> 05:02:52,246
INFORMATION ON BENEFIT/RISK AND

7224
05:02:52,246 --> 05:02:53,414
CLINICAL MEANINGFULNESS, WHICH

7225
05:02:53,414 --> 05:02:55,550
IS REALLY A CONVERSATION WE HAVE

7226
05:02:55,550 --> 05:02:56,851
EVERY DAY ABOUT WHAT WE'RE

7227
05:02:56,851 --> 05:02:57,952
REVIEWING DATA, IT'S IMPORTANT

7228
05:02:57,952 --> 05:02:59,921
TO NOTE THAT WHEN WE TALK ABOUT

7229
05:02:59,921 --> 05:03:01,589
CLINICAL MEANINGFULNESS, WE ARE

7230
05:03:01,589 --> 05:03:04,058
REALLY INTERESTED IN MEANINGFUL

7231
05:03:04,058 --> 05:03:04,525
WITHIN PATIENT CHANGE.

7232
05:03:04,525 --> 05:03:06,494
SO WHAT IS HAPPENING AT THE

7233
05:03:06,494 --> 05:03:08,029
PATIENT LEVEL, AND IS IT

7234
05:03:08,029 --> 05:03:09,263
MEANINGFUL TO THEM, BECAUSE WE

7235
05:03:09,263 --> 05:03:10,998
KNOW THAT SOMETIMES THE MINIMAL

7236
05:03:10,998 --> 05:03:12,867
AMOUNT OF CHANGE IS OFTEN MAY

7237
05:03:12,867 --> 05:03:14,769
NOT BE MEANINGFUL TO THEM.

7238
05:03:14,769 --> 05:03:16,504
SO THERE ARE MULTIPLE WAYS THAT

7239
05:03:16,504 --> 05:03:18,673
WE CAN ACTUALLY EXPLORE THIS,

7240
05:03:18,673 --> 05:03:19,774
AND PATIENT EXPERIENCE DATA

7241
05:03:19,774 --> 05:03:20,808
THROUGH QUALITATIVE METHODS IS

7242
05:03:20,808 --> 05:03:22,944
ONE OF THOSE WAYS.

7243
05:03:22,944 --> 05:03:25,046
SO THE METHODOLOGICAL GUIDANCES

7244
05:03:25,046 --> 05:03:26,647
SERIES, YOU WILL NEVER SEE AN

7245
05:03:26,647 --> 05:03:28,082
FDA GUIDANCE EVER LOOK LIKE THIS

7246
05:03:28,082 --> 05:03:28,316
AGAIN.

7247
05:03:28,316 --> 05:03:29,617
I'M JUST GOING TO TELL YOU THAT

7248
05:03:29,617 --> 05:03:31,252
RIGHT NOW.

7249
05:03:31,252 --> 05:03:33,554
IT IS A FOUR PART GUIDANCE

7250
05:03:33,554 --> 05:03:36,190
SERIES, AND IT IS AN EXTREMELY

7251
05:03:36,190 --> 05:03:38,926
LENGTHY GUIDANCE SERIES.

7252
05:03:38,926 --> 05:03:41,562
EACH GUIDANCE IS ABOUT 40 PAGES.

7253
05:03:41,562 --> 05:03:42,997
SO NOT TO SCARE YOU ANY MORE OFF

7254
05:03:42,997 --> 05:03:44,966
OF THAT, WHY IS THIS SO

7255
05:03:44,966 --> 05:03:47,368
REVOLUTIONARY THOUGH FOR PATIENT

7256
05:03:47,368 --> 05:03:48,236
FOCUSED DRUG DEVELOPMENT?

7257
05:03:48,236 --> 05:03:51,539
BECAUSE WE BASICALLY WROTE AN

7258
05:03:51,539 --> 05:03:52,306
ENCYCLOPEDIA/COOKBOOK FOR

7259
05:03:52,306 --> 05:03:54,342
EVERYONE, SO WHAT WE DID AND WE

7260
05:03:54,342 --> 05:03:57,545
WERE UNDER OUR 281ST CENTURY

7261
05:03:57,545 --> 05:03:58,746
CURES WE WERE MANDATED TO PUT

7262
05:03:58,746 --> 05:04:00,515
THIS TOGETHER BUT IT WAS ALREADY

7263
05:04:00,515 --> 05:04:01,349
SOMETHING WE WERE ALREADY

7264
05:04:01,349 --> 05:04:03,584
THINKING ABOUT DOING OURSELVES

7265
05:04:03,584 --> 05:04:06,521
WITHOUT HAVING HAD IT ADDED INTO

7266
05:04:06,521 --> 05:04:08,156
PADUFFA EFER, WE WERE REALLY

7267
05:04:08,156 --> 05:04:09,557
THINKING ABOUT HOW DO WE

7268
05:04:09,557 --> 05:04:10,558
APPROACH THIS.

7269
05:04:10,558 --> 05:04:12,326
FIRST TWO GUIDANCE IS ABOUT HOW

7270
05:04:12,326 --> 05:04:14,162
DO WE COLLECT COMPREHENSIVE AND

7271
05:04:14,162 --> 05:04:15,363
REPRESENTATIVE INPUTS,

7272
05:04:15,363 --> 05:04:16,264
YESTERDAY'S PANEL WAS A GREAT

7273
05:04:16,264 --> 05:04:18,432
WAY TO SHOW THE DIVERSITY IN THE

7274
05:04:18,432 --> 05:04:21,202
SPACE AND WHY WE NEED TO DO THIS

7275
05:04:21,202 --> 05:04:21,836
QUALITATIVE WORK.

7276
05:04:21,836 --> 05:04:24,472
FROM GUIDANCE ONE YOU GO INTO

7277
05:04:24,472 --> 05:04:26,007
GUIDANCE TWO WHICH IS HOW DO WE

7278
05:04:26,007 --> 05:04:28,609
START APPLYING SCIENTIFIC RIGOR

7279
05:04:28,609 --> 05:04:30,178
TO CAPTURING QUALITATIVE

7280
05:04:30,178 --> 05:04:30,511
INFORMATION.

7281
05:04:30,511 --> 05:04:32,046
FIRST TWO GUIDE ANS ONE AND TWO

7282
05:04:32,046 --> 05:04:33,447
WERE WRITTEN, IF YOU LOOK AT

7283
05:04:33,447 --> 05:04:34,882
THEM, FOR PATIENT GROUPS IN MIND

7284
05:04:34,882 --> 05:04:36,083
BECAUSE WE KNOW THAT THEY'RE

7285
05:04:36,083 --> 05:04:37,618
OFTEN STARTING A LOT OF THIS

7286
05:04:37,618 --> 05:04:40,021
DATA COLLECTION EFFORTS.

7287
05:04:40,021 --> 05:04:41,789
GUIDANCES THREE AND FOUR SHIFT A

7288
05:04:41,789 --> 05:04:42,657
LITTLE BIT AND THEY'RE

7289
05:04:42,657 --> 05:04:43,891
DEFINITELY MORE TECHNICAL, I

7290
05:04:43,891 --> 05:04:45,593
WILL SAY, AND THESE WERE

7291
05:04:45,593 --> 05:04:47,795
DEFINITELY FOR INDUSTRY, BECAUSE

7292
05:04:47,795 --> 05:04:51,432
WHAT GUIDANCE THREE DOES, EACH

7293
05:04:51,432 --> 05:04:52,600
GUIDANCE BUILDS UPON THEMSELVES.

7294
05:04:52,600 --> 05:04:54,268
SO GUIDANCE THREE IS SAYING,

7295
05:04:54,268 --> 05:04:55,937
WELL, YOU'VE TAKEN WHEUF DONE IN

7296
05:04:55,937 --> 05:04:57,905
ONE AND TWO -- TAKEN WHAT YOU'VE

7297
05:04:57,905 --> 05:04:59,640
DONE IN ONE AND TWO AND

7298
05:04:59,640 --> 05:05:00,708
COLLECTED ALL THIS INFORMATION,

7299
05:05:00,708 --> 05:05:03,144
BUT NOW HOW DO WE SELECT A:  CAL

7300
05:05:03,144 --> 05:05:04,579
OUTCOME ASSESSMENT, DO WE NEED

7301
05:05:04,579 --> 05:05:05,947
TO DEVELOP ONE OR MODIFY ONE AND

7302
05:05:05,947 --> 05:05:07,081
WHAT IS THE EVIDENTIARY

7303
05:05:07,081 --> 05:05:08,316
STANDARDS HA WE NEED FOR ALL

7304
05:05:08,316 --> 05:05:11,586
FOUR TYPES OF CLINICAL OUTCOME

7305
05:05:11,586 --> 05:05:12,253
ASSESSMENTS WHERE WE WANT TO USE

7306
05:05:12,253 --> 05:05:13,888
THEM TO SUPPORT OUR TRIAL

7307
05:05:13,888 --> 05:05:15,056
ENDPOINTS, AND THEN GUIDANCE

7308
05:05:15,056 --> 05:05:16,390
FOUR REALLY TALKS ABOUT HOW DO

7309
05:05:16,390 --> 05:05:18,226
WE GO FROM THE ENDPOINTS OR FROM

7310
05:05:18,226 --> 05:05:20,361
THE OUTCOME ASSESSMENT INTO IT

7311
05:05:20,361 --> 05:05:22,530
SUPPORTING THE CLINICAL TRIAL

7312
05:05:22,530 --> 05:05:22,797
ENDPOINT.

7313
05:05:22,797 --> 05:05:24,932
I WILL TELL YOU RIGHT NOW THEY

7314
05:05:24,932 --> 05:05:26,567
ARE A HEAVY READ.

7315
05:05:26,567 --> 05:05:28,202
I COMPLETELY ADMIT TO THAT.

7316
05:05:28,202 --> 05:05:29,737
BUT DON'T BE AFRAID OF THEM.

7317
05:05:29,737 --> 05:05:31,305
THERE ARE FOLKS OUT THERE WHO

7318
05:05:31,305 --> 05:05:32,473
COMPLETELY UNDERSTAND THEM.

7319
05:05:32,473 --> 05:05:33,608
WE UNDERSTAND THEM.

7320
05:05:33,608 --> 05:05:35,276
SO IF YOU COME AND GET ADVICE TO

7321
05:05:35,276 --> 05:05:36,577
US EARLY WE CAN HELP PROVIDE

7322
05:05:36,577 --> 05:05:38,079
SOME UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT'S IN

7323
05:05:38,079 --> 05:05:38,279
THERE.

7324
05:05:38,279 --> 05:05:39,947
AND I CAN'T GO TOO FAR WITHOUT

7325
05:05:39,947 --> 05:05:41,682
QUICKLY MENTIONING DIGITAL

7326
05:05:41,682 --> 05:05:42,917
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY, WHICH IS

7327
05:05:42,917 --> 05:05:45,086
ALONG WITH AI AND MACHINE

7328
05:05:45,086 --> 05:05:46,954
LEARNING ARE SOME OF THE

7329
05:05:46,954 --> 05:05:48,656
NEUROOPPORTUNITIES FOR US TO

7330
05:05:48,656 --> 05:05:50,124
COLLECT INFORMATION, AND I KNOW

7331
05:05:50,124 --> 05:05:52,560
WE HAD THE MORNING SESSION

7332
05:05:52,560 --> 05:05:54,095
HIGHLIGHTED SOME ASPECTS WITH

7333
05:05:54,095 --> 05:05:54,829
DIGITAL HEALTH TECHNOLOGY.

7334
05:05:54,829 --> 05:05:57,598
SO THIS IS OUR DEFINITION OF

7335
05:05:57,598 --> 05:05:58,799
DIGITAL HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES FOR

7336
05:05:58,799 --> 05:06:00,034
ALL THREE MEDICAL PRODUCT

7337
05:06:00,034 --> 05:06:01,702
CENTERS AND YOU CAN FIND THIS IN

7338
05:06:01,702 --> 05:06:04,572
THE FDA NIH BEST GLOSSARY.

7339
05:06:04,572 --> 05:06:06,674
BUT OUR DEFINITION IS AN

7340
05:06:06,674 --> 05:06:08,109
EXTREMELY BROAD DEFINITION AS

7341
05:06:08,109 --> 05:06:10,177
IT'S A SYSTEM THAT USES

7342
05:06:10,177 --> 05:06:12,480
COMPUTING PLATFORMS,

7343
05:06:12,480 --> 05:06:14,248
CONNECTIVITY, SOFTWARE AND

7344
05:06:14,248 --> 05:06:16,384
SENSORS FOR HEALTHCARE USES, AND

7345
05:06:16,384 --> 05:06:17,418
YOU CAN SEE ON THE RIGHT-HAND

7346
05:06:17,418 --> 05:06:18,386
SIDE WHAT SOME OF THOSE

7347
05:06:18,386 --> 05:06:19,053
POTENTIAL USES COULD BE.

7348
05:06:19,053 --> 05:06:22,356
SO IT IS AN EXTREMELY BROAD

7349
05:06:22,356 --> 05:06:22,590
THING.

7350
05:06:22,590 --> 05:06:24,258
BUT WHAT DO I WANT YOU TO KNOW?

7351
05:06:24,258 --> 05:06:25,660
FIRST AND FOREMOST, WE HAVE A

7352
05:06:25,660 --> 05:06:26,427
GUIDANCE OUT.

7353
05:06:26,427 --> 05:06:27,728
WE'VE MENTIONED A COUPLE

7354
05:06:27,728 --> 05:06:29,130
GUIDANCES TO EVERYONE TODAY,

7355
05:06:29,130 --> 05:06:30,598
PLEASE KNOW THAT THESE GUIDE ANS

7356
05:06:30,598 --> 05:06:33,901
SHOULD NEVER BE READ AS A SINGLE

7357
05:06:33,901 --> 05:06:34,168
GUIDANCE.

7358
05:06:34,168 --> 05:06:35,936
THERE IS PROBABLY A GUIDANCE OF

7359
05:06:35,936 --> 05:06:37,138
A NUMBER OF 207 IKS THAT

7360
05:06:37,138 --> 05:06:38,472
COMPLEMENT THE OTHER GUIDANCE

7361
05:06:38,472 --> 05:06:40,107
THAT YOU'RE READING.

7362
05:06:40,107 --> 05:06:44,812
SO OUR FINAL GUIDANCE CAME OUT

7363
05:06:44,812 --> 05:06:46,914
IN DECEMBER, AND IT REALLY

7364
05:06:46,914 --> 05:06:49,750
FOCUSES ON WHAT IS NEEDED FOR

7365
05:06:49,750 --> 05:06:52,153
COLLECTING REMOTE DATA IN

7366
05:06:52,153 --> 05:06:53,521
CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS.

7367
05:06:53,521 --> 05:06:58,626
IT REALLY TALKS ABOUT THE HAVE

7368
05:06:58,626 --> 05:06:59,794
ADDITION AND VERIFICATION WORK

7369
05:06:59,794 --> 05:07:01,128
THAT IS NEEDED FROM THE DEVICE

7370
05:07:01,128 --> 05:07:02,997
THAT THE DIGITAL HEALTH

7371
05:07:02,997 --> 05:07:03,998
TECHNOLOGY STANDPOINTS.

7372
05:07:03,998 --> 05:07:07,068
IT DOES NOT TALK ABOUT HOW YOU

7373
05:07:07,068 --> 05:07:08,703
TAKE THE DATA THAT'S BEEN

7374
05:07:08,703 --> 05:07:10,438
COLLECTED AND HOW IS THAT DATA

7375
05:07:10,438 --> 05:07:12,973
THEN EITHER GOING TO BE USED TO

7376
05:07:12,973 --> 05:07:15,142
SUPPORT A DIGITALLY DERIVED

7377
05:07:15,142 --> 05:07:18,045
BIOMARKER OR A DIGITALLY DERIVED

7378
05:07:18,045 --> 05:07:18,312
ENDPOINT.

7379
05:07:18,312 --> 05:07:19,480
AND WE KNOW THAT THERE'S A BIG

7380
05:07:19,480 --> 05:07:22,416
FOCUS IN WANTING TO USE DHT'S TO

7381
05:07:22,416 --> 05:07:24,852
SUPPORT DIGITALLY DERIVED

7382
05:07:24,852 --> 05:07:26,153
ENDPOINTS AND WE WOULD SAY THAT

7383
05:07:26,153 --> 05:07:28,589
ONCE THE CONTEXT OF USE HAS BEEN

7384
05:07:28,589 --> 05:07:29,890
DETERMINED, WE WILL THEN NEED TO

7385
05:07:29,890 --> 05:07:31,058
THROW IN WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT THE

7386
05:07:31,058 --> 05:07:32,493
EVIDENCE WE NEED FOR ENDPOINTS

7387
05:07:32,493 --> 05:07:35,029
IN THERE AS WELL.

7388
05:07:35,029 --> 05:07:38,599
SO MY FINAL REMARKS, HOW DO WE

7389
05:07:38,599 --> 05:07:39,934
REALLY IMPLEMENT PATIENT FOCUSED

7390
05:07:39,934 --> 05:07:41,469
DRUG DEVELOPMENT IN ALZHEIMER'S.

7391
05:07:41,469 --> 05:07:43,637
FIRST AND FOREMOST AS

7392
05:07:43,637 --> 05:07:44,538
DR. BURACCHIO SAID, WE NEED TO

7393
05:07:44,538 --> 05:07:45,740
INCORPORATE AND LEVERAGE WHAT IS

7394
05:07:45,740 --> 05:07:47,375
KNOWN WITH THE BIOLOGY OF THE

7395
05:07:47,375 --> 05:07:49,110
DISEASE, AND I WOULD SAY EVEN MY

7396
05:07:49,110 --> 05:07:50,644
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

7397
05:07:50,644 --> 05:07:51,379
COLLEAGUES, THE INFORMATION

7398
05:07:51,379 --> 05:07:52,613
THEY'RE DOING, THIS IS GOING TO

7399
05:07:52,613 --> 05:07:54,181
BE EXTREMELY IMPORTANT IN HOW

7400
05:07:54,181 --> 05:07:56,016
WE'LL APPROACH PATIENT FOCUSED

7401
05:07:56,016 --> 05:07:56,650
DRUG DEVELOPMENT.

7402
05:07:56,650 --> 05:07:59,320
WE NEED TO EMPLOY QUALITATIVE

7403
05:07:59,320 --> 05:08:01,622
METHOD OLINGSZ TO COLLECT THE

7404
05:08:01,622 --> 05:08:03,023
LIVED -- METH ODOLOGIES TO

7405
05:08:03,023 --> 05:08:03,991
COLLECT LIVED EXPERIENCE

7406
05:08:03,991 --> 05:08:04,792
INFORMATION THROUGHOUT THE

7407
05:08:04,792 --> 05:08:06,961
SPECTRUM AND STAGES OF AD AND TO

7408
05:08:06,961 --> 05:08:09,263
WANT HEAR FROM BOTH PERSONS WITH

7409
05:08:09,263 --> 05:08:10,998
AD PARTICULARLY IF IT'S BEEN

7410
05:08:10,998 --> 05:08:11,766
EARLIER IDENTIFIED AND THOSE

7411
05:08:11,766 --> 05:08:13,968
THAT MAY BE AT A HIGHER RISK OF

7412
05:08:13,968 --> 05:08:15,069
DEVELOPING, WE HEARD FROM THOSE

7413
05:08:15,069 --> 05:08:16,270
FOLKS YESTERDAY AND THAT'S A

7414
05:08:16,270 --> 05:08:17,471
GREAT OPPORTUNITY, AS WELL AS

7415
05:08:17,471 --> 05:08:19,240
FAMILIES AND CAREGIVERS AND THE

7416
05:08:19,240 --> 05:08:20,975
FULL SPECTRUM IS CRITICALLY

7417
05:08:20,975 --> 05:08:21,942
IMPORTANT TO KIND OF KNOW

7418
05:08:21,942 --> 05:08:23,811
BECAUSE WHAT MAY BE IMPORTANT AT

7419
05:08:23,811 --> 05:08:26,213
ONE POINT MOST LIKELY WILL SHIFT

7420
05:08:26,213 --> 05:08:28,549
OVER TIME FROM WHAT WE'VE HEARD

7421
05:08:28,549 --> 05:08:31,051
FROM OUR EXPERIENCES TALKING TO

7422
05:08:31,051 --> 05:08:31,318
FAMILIES.

7423
05:08:31,318 --> 05:08:33,154
AND FINALLY, WE WANT TO CONSIDER

7424
05:08:33,154 --> 05:08:34,088
IMPLEMENTING ALL DIFFERENT TYPES

7425
05:08:34,088 --> 05:08:36,424
OF CLINICAL OUTCOME ASSESSMENTS

7426
05:08:36,424 --> 05:08:38,592
P WHEN WE CAN INTO OUR CLINICAL

7427
05:08:38,592 --> 05:08:38,926
TRIALS.

7428
05:08:38,926 --> 05:08:40,461
THIS ALSO CAN INCLUDE INCLUDING

7429
05:08:40,461 --> 05:08:42,763
USE OF DIGITAL HEALTH

7430
05:08:42,763 --> 05:08:45,933
TECHNOLOGIES, SO THIS IS WHEN WE

7431
05:08:45,933 --> 05:08:47,034
ALWAYS SAY COME EARLY AND OFTEN

7432
05:08:47,034 --> 05:08:48,669
AND TALK TO US SO WE CAN GIVE

7433
05:08:48,669 --> 05:08:50,971
THE BEST ADVICE AND APPROACHES

7434
05:08:50,971 --> 05:08:53,941
ON HOW TO LEVERAGE AL TYPES HAD

7435
05:08:53,941 --> 05:08:54,809
OF ASSESSMENTS.

7436
05:08:54,809 --> 05:08:56,444
WITH THAT, I TURN IT BACK TO

7437
05:08:56,444 --> 05:09:00,147
YOU.

7438
05:09:00,147 --> 05:09:00,281
S.

7439
05:09:00,281 --> 05:09:04,618
>> SO I THINK WE HAVE FIVE

7440
05:09:04,618 --> 05:09:05,519
MINUTES, IF ANYBODY IN THE

7441
05:09:05,519 --> 05:09:06,787
AUDIENCE HAS ANY QUESTIONS, THEY

7442
05:09:06,787 --> 05:09:08,722
CAN COME UP TO THE MICROPHONE

7443
05:09:08,722 --> 05:09:12,026
AND ASK QUESTIONS OF ANY OF THE

7444
05:09:12,026 --> 05:09:12,460
PANELISTS.

7445
05:09:12,460 --> 05:09:22,937
WE MIGHT HAVE A FEW ONLINE.

7446
05:10:02,243 --> 05:10:03,110
>> THANK YOU.

7447
05:10:03,110 --> 05:10:05,212
SO WE HAVE AN ONLINE QUESTION

7448
05:10:05,212 --> 05:10:06,947
ABOUT FDA GUIDELINES.

7449
05:10:06,947 --> 05:10:09,383
SO SOME FDA GUIDELINES AVAILABLE

7450
05:10:09,383 --> 05:10:10,684
ONLINE ARE DRAFTS.

7451
05:10:10,684 --> 05:10:12,419
MY UNDERSTANDING IS THAT THEY'RE

7452
05:10:12,419 --> 05:10:14,622
NOT THE FINAL OR OFFICIAL

7453
05:10:14,622 --> 05:10:16,257
VERSIONS, SO HOW SHOULD THE

7454
05:10:16,257 --> 05:10:17,892
AUDIENCE LOOK AT THEM

7455
05:10:17,892 --> 05:10:25,165
CRITICALLY?

7456
05:10:25,165 --> 05:10:28,536
>> SO THE DRAFTS, WE I
SHALL

7457
05:10:28,536 --> 05:10:29,970
INITIALLY PUT OUT GUIDE ANS AS

7458
05:10:29,970 --> 05:10:30,204
DRAFTS.

7459
05:10:30,204 --> 05:10:32,473
THEY EMPLOY OUT FOR A PUBLIC

7460
05:10:32,473 --> 05:10:33,807
COMMENT PERIOD.

7461
05:10:33,807 --> 05:10:36,410
WE THEN WILL -- THEY GO OUT FOR

7462
05:10:36,410 --> 05:10:37,545
A PUBLIC COMMENT PERIOD.

7463
05:10:37,545 --> 05:10:40,047
WE THEN WILL TAKE THE PUBLIC

7464
05:10:40,047 --> 05:10:41,348
COMMENT AND DISCERN IF WE NEED

7465
05:10:41,348 --> 05:10:43,183
TO MAKE REVISIONS TO THE

7466
05:10:43,183 --> 05:10:44,852
GUIDANCE BASED ON THE PUBLIC

7467
05:10:44,852 --> 05:10:46,687
COMMENTS THAT WE RECEIVE.

7468
05:10:46,687 --> 05:10:48,656
SOMETIMES WE WILL MAKE REVISIONS

7469
05:10:48,656 --> 05:10:50,291
PRETTY QUICKLY DEPENDING ON THE

7470
05:10:50,291 --> 05:10:52,059
TYPE OF COMMENTS WE GOT.

7471
05:10:52,059 --> 05:10:54,929
OTHER TIMES, WE WILL TAKE THOSE

7472
05:10:54,929 --> 05:10:55,829
COMMENTS UNDER CONSIDERATION,

7473
05:10:55,829 --> 05:10:57,965
BUT WE MAY NOT FEEL THAT ANY

7474
05:10:57,965 --> 05:11:00,935
IMMEDIATE CHANGES ARE NEEDED.

7475
05:11:00,935 --> 05:11:02,670
WE TYPICALLY DO REVISIT

7476
05:11:02,670 --> 05:11:03,804
GUIDANCES EVERY FEW YEARS, I

7477
05:11:03,804 --> 05:11:05,506
CAN'T REMEMBER, I THINK THERE'S

7478
05:11:05,506 --> 05:11:06,941
A RECOMMENDATION OF, YOU KNOW,

7479
05:11:06,941 --> 05:11:08,475
EVERY FIVE YEARS OR SO WE SHOULD

7480
05:11:08,475 --> 05:11:09,910
REVISIT THEM AND SEE IF THEY

7481
05:11:09,910 --> 05:11:11,779
NEEDED TO BE UP2K5EU9D AND WE

7482
05:11:11,779 --> 05:11:13,647
WILL UP-- UPDATED AND WE WILL

7483
05:11:13,647 --> 05:11:14,848
UPDATE THEM AS NEEDED.

7484
05:11:14,848 --> 05:11:17,084
IF IT IS AN AREA OR FIELD WHERE

7485
05:11:17,084 --> 05:11:20,220
THERE'S STILL A LOT OF EVOLVING

7486
05:11:20,220 --> 05:11:21,422
THINKING AND CHANGES IN

7487
05:11:21,422 --> 05:11:23,190
SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE, GUIDE ANS

7488
05:11:23,190 --> 05:11:25,593
CAN REMAIN IN DRAFT FOR A FAIR

7489
05:11:25,593 --> 05:11:27,761
AMOUNT OF TIME, BECAUSE WE KNOW

7490
05:11:27,761 --> 05:11:29,296
THAT THEY'RE GOING TO NEED TO BE

7491
05:11:29,296 --> 05:11:31,699
CONTINUED TO BE UPDATED, AND WE

7492
05:11:31,699 --> 05:11:33,567
MAY IN SOME CASES WE MAY NEVER

7493
05:11:33,567 --> 05:11:35,869
BE ABLE TO ISSUE A FINAL

7494
05:11:35,869 --> 05:11:36,136
GUIDANCE.

7495
05:11:36,136 --> 05:11:38,572
I'LL SAY THAT IN PARTICULAR WITH

7496
05:11:38,572 --> 05:11:40,374
THE ALWAYS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

7497
05:11:40,374 --> 05:11:41,775
GUIDANCE, WE'VE HAD NOW THREE

7498
05:11:41,775 --> 05:11:42,009
DRAFTS.

7499
05:11:42,009 --> 05:11:44,211
IT WILL BE UPDATED AGAIN HAD THE

7500
05:11:44,211 --> 05:11:46,847
FUTURE, I THINK AS WE CONTINUE

7501
05:11:46,847 --> 05:11:48,916
AS OUR KNOWLEDGE CHANGED, YOU

7502
05:11:48,916 --> 05:11:50,451
KNOW, AND WE MOVE ALONG.

7503
05:11:50,451 --> 05:11:52,853
BUT THAT IS ONE THAT I FIND IS

7504
05:11:52,853 --> 05:11:53,821
PARTICULARLY, WILL BE

7505
05:11:53,821 --> 05:11:55,556
PARTICULARLY CHALLENGING TO MAKE

7506
05:11:55,556 --> 05:11:57,558
IN A FINAL FORM BECAUSE THE

7507
05:11:57,558 --> 05:11:59,526
FIELD IS SO RAPIDLY EVOLVING

7508
05:11:59,526 --> 05:12:01,161
RIGHT NOW.

7509
05:12:01,161 --> 05:12:03,697
SO, YOU KNOW, I THINK THE DRAFT

7510
05:12:03,697 --> 05:12:04,832
GUIDANCES THAT ARE OUT THERE,

7511
05:12:04,832 --> 05:12:07,534
EVEN THOUGH THEY SAY DRAFT, DO

7512
05:12:07,534 --> 05:12:09,970
REPRESENT OUR CURRENT THINKING,

7513
05:12:09,970 --> 05:12:11,939
AND JUST BECAUSE IT DOESN'T SAY

7514
05:12:11,939 --> 05:12:14,308
FINAL DOESN'T MEAN THAT IT'S,

7515
05:12:14,308 --> 05:12:16,644
YOU KNOW, NOT REPRESENTATIVE OUR

7516
05:12:16,644 --> 05:12:17,044
THINKING.

7517
05:12:17,044 --> 05:12:20,114
IT'S JUST THAT IT MAY BE UPDATED

7518
05:12:20,114 --> 05:12:27,821
AGAIN IN THE FUTURE.

7519
05:12:27,821 --> 05:12:29,356
>> MAYO CLINIC.

7520
05:12:29,356 --> 05:12:29,957
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

7521
05:12:29,957 --> 05:12:32,593
THANK YOU, NIA, FOR BRINGING OUR

7522
05:12:32,593 --> 05:12:35,562
COLLEAGUES AT FDA TO US.

7523
05:12:35,562 --> 05:12:38,399
SO WE'VE HEARD AT THESE MEETINGS

7524
05:12:38,399 --> 05:12:40,701
THAT THERE ARE HUNDREDS OF

7525
05:12:40,701 --> 05:12:43,871
POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS,

7526
05:12:43,871 --> 05:12:46,507
AND INVESTIGATORS ARE WORKING ON

7527
05:12:46,507 --> 05:12:51,111
HUNDREDS OF THEM, MAYBE TENS OF

7528
05:12:51,111 --> 05:12:53,213
THEM OR TOWARDS A HUNDRED OF

7529
05:12:53,213 --> 05:12:57,451
THEM ARE IN LATER STAGES IN OUR

7530
05:12:57,451 --> 05:13:00,087
LABS, AND I ALSO APPRECIATED THE

7531
05:13:00,087 --> 05:13:02,389
PIPELINE OF ENCOURAGING

7532
05:13:02,389 --> 05:13:03,524
INVESTIGATORS TO MEET WITH FDA

7533
05:13:03,524 --> 05:13:06,660
IN THE PRE-PREIND STAGES, BUT

7534
05:13:06,660 --> 05:13:08,929
CONSIDERING THAT, EVEN FROM FDA

7535
05:13:08,929 --> 05:13:11,265
THERE ARE 600 THERAPEUTIC

7536
05:13:11,265 --> 05:13:12,566
TARGETS, WHEN IS A REALLY GOOD

7537
05:13:12,566 --> 05:13:14,668
TIME TO GET TOGETHER WITH OUR

7538
05:13:14,668 --> 05:13:16,503
COLLEAGUES AT THE FDA TO DISCUSS

7539
05:13:16,503 --> 05:13:22,976
THE NEXT STEPS?

7540
05:13:22,976 --> 05:13:24,912
>> SO IN THE EARLIEST
STAGES

7541
05:13:24,912 --> 05:13:26,547
WHEN YOU'RE STILL IN DISCOVERY,

7542
05:13:26,547 --> 05:13:28,782
WE WEREN'T ABLE TO GIVE TOO MUCH

7543
05:13:28,782 --> 05:13:31,618
SPECIFIC FEEDBACK ON A GIVEN

7544
05:13:31,618 --> 05:13:32,619
DRUG DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AT THE

7545
05:13:32,619 --> 05:13:33,420
DISCOVERY STAGE.

7546
05:13:33,420 --> 05:13:34,688
THOSE SORTS OF STAGES ARE BETTER

7547
05:13:34,688 --> 05:13:37,291
FOR BROADER SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS,

7548
05:13:37,291 --> 05:13:39,293
YOU KNOW, SUCH AS MEETINGS

7549
05:13:39,293 --> 05:13:41,929
ORGANIZED BY NIA OR OTHER GROUPS

7550
05:13:41,929 --> 05:13:43,330
WHERE THE SORT OF STATE OF THE

7551
05:13:43,330 --> 05:13:45,833
SCIENCE IS DISCUSSED AND WE CAN

7552
05:13:45,833 --> 05:13:47,601
GIVE MORE BROADER FEEDBACK.

7553
05:13:47,601 --> 05:13:51,572
IT'S USUALLY WHEN A PRODUCT IS

7554
05:13:51,572 --> 05:13:55,242
READY TO MOVE INTO ITS FIRST

7555
05:13:55,242 --> 05:13:57,111
HUMAN STUDIES THAT WE START

7556
05:13:57,111 --> 05:13:58,679
BECOMING ENGAGED.

7557
05:13:58,679 --> 05:14:02,216
IF THERE ARE PARTICULAR ISSUES

7558
05:14:02,216 --> 05:14:03,650
WITH THE INTERACT MEETINGS, WE

7559
05:14:03,650 --> 05:14:05,419
ALSO DO HAVE THE INTERACT

7560
05:14:05,419 --> 05:14:07,287
MEETINGS, THEY STARTED IN CBER

7561
05:14:07,287 --> 05:14:09,690
BUT WE DO HAVE THEM IN CDER AS

7562
05:14:09,690 --> 05:14:11,458
WELL NOW, WHERE IF THERE'S

7563
05:14:11,458 --> 05:14:13,527
REALLY UNIQUE ASPECTS OF

7564
05:14:13,527 --> 05:14:15,062
DEVELOPMENT PERHAPS, YOU KNOW,

7565
05:14:15,062 --> 05:14:17,364
UNIQUE CHALLENGES THAT ARE NOT

7566
05:14:17,364 --> 05:14:18,565
COMMON AND ARE NOT ALREADY

7567
05:14:18,565 --> 05:14:19,867
ADDRESSED BY SOME OF THE

7568
05:14:19,867 --> 05:14:22,603
GUIDANCES THAT COME OUT, THOSE

7569
05:14:22,603 --> 05:14:24,505
ARE WHAT THOSE MEETINGS ARE

7570
05:14:24,505 --> 05:14:26,106
INTENDED FOR FOR REALLY UNIQUE

7571
05:14:26,106 --> 05:14:27,207
SITUATIONS, BUT EVEN THEN,

7572
05:14:27,207 --> 05:14:29,843
THAT'S USUALLY AT A STAGE WHERE

7573
05:14:29,843 --> 05:14:33,347
A DRUG OR A COUPLE OF DRUGS THAT

7574
05:14:33,347 --> 05:14:34,782
MEET A SPECIFIC TARGET ARE BEING

7575
05:14:34,782 --> 05:14:36,750
CONSIDERED FOR FURTHER

7576
05:14:36,750 --> 05:14:37,050
DEVELOPMENT.

7577
05:14:37,050 --> 05:14:39,253
SO THAT'S, WE USUALLY GET

7578
05:14:39,253 --> 05:14:40,788
INVOLVED A LITTLE AFTER THE

7579
05:14:40,788 --> 05:14:42,422
DISCOVERY PHASE, BUT WHEN WE'RE

7580
05:14:42,422 --> 05:14:43,957
STILL AT THE DISCOVERY PHASE,

7581
05:14:43,957 --> 05:14:45,392
YOU KNOW, THERE IS STILL

7582
05:14:45,392 --> 05:14:46,160
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENGAGEMENT,

7583
05:14:46,160 --> 05:14:47,528
BUT THAT'S USUALLY GOING TO BE

7584
05:14:47,528 --> 05:14:50,330
AT A MORE GENERAL FORUM.

7585
05:14:50,330 --> 05:14:55,335
>> I JUST WONDERED, FOR
INTERACT

7586
05:14:55,335 --> 05:14:57,237
MEETINGS, OFTENTIMES WE ADVISE

7587
05:14:57,237 --> 05:14:58,939
OUR SPONSORS TO COME TO US WHEN

7588
05:14:58,939 --> 05:15:01,141
THEY FINISH THEIR FIRST APPROVAL

7589
05:15:01,141 --> 05:15:04,111
CONCEPT STUDY.

7590
05:15:04,111 --> 05:15:06,046
HAVING STARTED ENABLING ANIMAL

7591
05:15:06,046 --> 05:15:07,581
STUDIES, SO THAT TYPICALLY IS A

7592
05:15:07,581 --> 05:15:11,418
GOOD TIME TO COME TALK TO US FOR

7593
05:15:11,418 --> 05:15:12,686
YOUR INTERACT MEETING.

7594
05:15:12,686 --> 05:15:13,887
REALLY THERE'S NO BAD TIME TO

7595
05:15:13,887 --> 05:15:14,922
COME TALK TO US.

7596
05:15:14,922 --> 05:15:16,557
DOESN'T MATTER WHERE IN THE

7597
05:15:16,557 --> 05:15:17,891
CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT STAGE YOU

7598
05:15:17,891 --> 05:15:19,726
ARE, AND JUST COME AND TALK TO

7599
05:15:19,726 --> 05:15:26,967
US, WE'LL FIGURE OUT A WAY.

7600
05:15:26,967 --> 05:15:29,236
>> -- FOR DR. BURACCHIO OR

7601
05:15:29,236 --> 05:15:31,104
ANYONE WHO CHOOSES TO FIELD IT.

7602
05:15:31,104 --> 05:15:32,673
I'M WONDERING HOW YOU WOULD

7603
05:15:32,673 --> 05:15:33,740
ENCOURAGE US TO BE THINKING

7604
05:15:33,740 --> 05:15:35,943
ABOUT THE INVOLVEMENT OF WHAT

7605
05:15:35,943 --> 05:15:39,213
BIOMARKER PANELS, AS THE

7606
05:15:39,213 --> 05:15:40,981
TECHNOLOGIES EVOLVE AND AS THE

7607
05:15:40,981 --> 05:15:42,816
COMPLEXITY OF POTENTIAL

7608
05:15:42,816 --> 05:15:45,319
THERAPIES EVOLVE, IN A PRECISION

7609
05:15:45,319 --> 05:15:46,353
MEDICINE CONTEXT BECAUSE THAT'S

7610
05:15:46,353 --> 05:15:56,864
THE THEME OF THE SUMMIT HERE.

7611
05:15:57,965 --> 05:15:59,399
>> I'LL START AND OTHERS
CAN

7612
05:15:59,399 --> 05:16:01,268
JOIN ME.

7613
05:16:01,268 --> 05:16:03,437
P I THINK THAT'S A VERY GOOD

7614
05:16:03,437 --> 05:16:06,173
QUESTION WITH RESPECT TO HOW

7615
05:16:06,173 --> 05:16:08,141
SCIENCE WILL EVOLVE AND HOW

7616
05:16:08,141 --> 05:16:13,814
TECHNOLOGIES WILL ENABLE US.

7617
05:16:13,814 --> 05:16:14,815
HISTORICALLY WE HAVE BEEN TRYING

7618
05:16:14,815 --> 05:16:16,984
TO IDENTIFY THAT CRITICAL

7619
05:16:16,984 --> 05:16:18,652
BIOMARKER, THAT ONE KEY

7620
05:16:18,652 --> 05:16:20,187
BIOMARKER, AND WE DO REALIZE

7621
05:16:20,187 --> 05:16:24,591
THAT DISEASES ARE VERY

7622
05:16:24,591 --> 05:16:25,792
HETEROGENEOUS, THERE IS NO -- I

7623
05:16:25,792 --> 05:16:27,294
SHOULD NOT SAY THERE IS NO.

7624
05:16:27,294 --> 05:16:28,328
RARELY THERE IS INSTANCES THERE

7625
05:16:28,328 --> 05:16:30,497
IS ONLY ONE CHOKE POINT IF

7626
05:16:30,497 --> 05:16:32,566
EXPIEFD ADDRESSED THAT WOULD --

7627
05:16:32,566 --> 05:16:33,667
IDENTIFIED AND ADDRESSED THAT

7628
05:16:33,667 --> 05:16:35,068
WOULD HELP TREAT A DISEASE KIND

7629
05:16:35,068 --> 05:16:36,370
OF SITUATION.

7630
05:16:36,370 --> 05:16:37,905
SO OBVIOUSLY APPEARS THE SCIENCE

7631
05:16:37,905 --> 05:16:39,673
EVOLVES AND TECHNOLOGIES COME

7632
05:16:39,673 --> 05:16:41,842
UP, MAYBE THERE WILL BE A SHIFT

7633
05:16:41,842 --> 05:16:43,610
TOWARDS PANELS OF BIOMARKERS

7634
05:16:43,610 --> 05:16:47,347
WHICH ARE GOING TO HAVE A -- AS

7635
05:16:47,347 --> 05:16:50,083
OPPOSED TO A SINGLE STAND ALONE

7636
05:16:50,083 --> 05:16:51,251
BIOMARKER BY ITSELF MAY NOT HAVE

7637
05:16:51,251 --> 05:16:53,353
THE ABILITY TO INFORM US, AND I

7638
05:16:53,353 --> 05:16:54,888
THINK WE'LL HAVE TO START

7639
05:16:54,888 --> 05:16:57,724
GETTING COMFORTABLE WITH THE

7640
05:16:57,724 --> 05:16:58,926
VARIOUS QUANTITATIVE AREAS TO BE

7641
05:16:58,926 --> 05:17:00,394
ABLE TO ANALYZE SUCH

7642
05:17:00,394 --> 05:17:00,694
INFORMATION.

7643
05:17:00,694 --> 05:17:02,195
WE KNOW HOW TO CREATE A SINGLE

7644
05:17:02,195 --> 05:17:02,462
RESPONSE.

7645
05:17:02,462 --> 05:17:04,531
WE KNOW HOW TO LOOK AT COMPOSITE

7646
05:17:04,531 --> 05:17:05,866
OF ENDPOINTS, FOR EXAMPLE.

7647
05:17:05,866 --> 05:17:08,235
SO THERE ARE SOME LEARNINGS

7648
05:17:08,235 --> 05:17:09,870
THERE AND PROBABLY THERE ARE

7649
05:17:09,870 --> 05:17:10,971
METHODOLOGIES WHICH WE WILL HAVE

7650
05:17:10,971 --> 05:17:12,406
TO START GETTING COMFORTABLE AT

7651
05:17:12,406 --> 05:17:16,109
SOME POINT OR TIME AS TO HOW TO

7652
05:17:16,109 --> 05:17:17,644
BEST INTEGRATE THE INFORMATION

7653
05:17:17,644 --> 05:17:20,280
ACROSS THE PANEL OF BIOMARKERS,

7654
05:17:20,280 --> 05:17:22,916
FIGURE OUT WHAT THEY MEAN, AND

7655
05:17:22,916 --> 05:17:25,152
CORRELATE THEM TO THE CLINICAL

7656
05:17:25,152 --> 05:17:25,419
OUTCOMES.

7657
05:17:25,419 --> 05:17:27,054
SO I THINK THIS WILL BE

7658
05:17:27,054 --> 05:17:28,689
SOMETHING THAT WE LOOK FORWARD

7659
05:17:28,689 --> 05:17:30,490
TO AND WILL BE SOMETHING THAT IT

7660
05:17:30,490 --> 05:17:36,330
WILL EVOLVE OVER A PERIOD OF

7661
05:17:36,330 --> 05:17:41,601
TIME.

7662
05:17:41,601 --> 05:17:42,336
OTHERS?

7663
05:17:42,336 --> 05:17:44,338
>> WE ALREADY ARE USING

7664
05:17:44,338 --> 05:17:46,640
BIOMARKERS WITHIN OUR CLINICAL

7665
05:17:46,640 --> 05:17:49,843
TRIALS AS FAR AS I MENTIONED FOR

7666
05:17:49,843 --> 05:17:51,578
ENRICHMENT, FOR ENROLLMENT

7667
05:17:51,578 --> 05:17:52,779
CRITERIA, FOR ENRICHMENT, AND IF

7668
05:17:52,779 --> 05:17:55,382
IT'S BEING USED IN DEVELOPMENT,

7669
05:17:55,382 --> 05:17:57,284
YOU KNOW, THERE'S ALWAYS

7670
05:17:57,284 --> 05:17:58,452
EXPLORATORY ENDPOINTS, IF IT'S

7671
05:17:58,452 --> 05:18:00,320
GOING TO BE USED TO SORT OF

7672
05:18:00,320 --> 05:18:01,321
TRACK CHANGES DURING THE COURSE

7673
05:18:01,321 --> 05:18:03,590
OF A CLINICAL TRIAL, WE

7674
05:18:03,590 --> 05:18:04,825
GENERALLY RECOMMEND THAT THOSE

7675
05:18:04,825 --> 05:18:08,762
BE INCLUDED AS EXPLORATORY

7676
05:18:08,762 --> 05:18:09,963
OUTCOME MEASURES IN THE TRIALS

7677
05:18:09,963 --> 05:18:11,498
HELP GENERATE THE DATA THAT WE

7678
05:18:11,498 --> 05:18:14,134
NEED TO THEN FURTHER SUPPORT

7679
05:18:14,134 --> 05:18:17,738
THEIR USE AS EITHER HIGHER IN

7680
05:18:17,738 --> 05:18:19,606
THE HIERARCHY OR EVEN AS A

7681
05:18:19,606 --> 05:18:21,108
SURROGATE ENDPOINT EVENTUALLY.

7682
05:18:21,108 --> 05:18:31,351
>> THANK YOU.

7683
05:18:35,555 --> 05:18:37,324
>> SAYS BEING AROUND DATA

7684
05:18:37,324 --> 05:18:38,392
SHARING THAT I THINK EVERYBODY

7685
05:18:38,392 --> 05:18:40,727
MAY NOT SRN OUR PREDICTIVE

7686
05:18:40,727 --> 05:18:42,596
SAFETY TESTING CONSORTIUM WAS

7687
05:18:42,596 --> 05:18:43,697
ABLE TO ACHIEVE A LETTER OF

7688
05:18:43,697 --> 05:18:45,198
SUPPORT IN SIX MONTHS, THEY HAVE

7689
05:18:45,198 --> 05:18:47,834
A MICRORNA PANEL TO PROJECT

7690
05:18:47,834 --> 05:18:50,470
PANCREATIC DRUG INDUCED TOXICITY

7691
05:18:50,470 --> 05:18:51,838
IN NONCLINICAL SPECIES.

7692
05:18:51,838 --> 05:18:54,007
THE REASON WHY IT TOOK SO FAST,

7693
05:18:54,007 --> 05:18:56,410
SIX MONTHS, IS SEVEN INDUSTRY

7694
05:18:56,410 --> 05:18:57,844
SPONSORS CONTRIBUTED DATA TO

7695
05:18:57,844 --> 05:18:58,378
SUPPORT THAT SUCCESS.

7696
05:18:58,378 --> 05:19:01,114
SO LTS A COMPOSITE, IT'S

7697
05:19:01,114 --> 05:19:02,416
MICRORNAS WHICH IS PRETTY

7698
05:19:02,416 --> 05:19:03,517
EXCITING AND I THINK IT SENDS

7699
05:19:03,517 --> 05:19:04,718
THE MESSAGE THAT WE'RE ALL

7700
05:19:04,718 --> 05:19:12,192
SAYING HERE ABOUT DATA SHARING.

7701
05:19:12,192 --> 05:19:13,493
>> I THINK WE'RE OUT OF
TIME SO

7702
05:19:13,493 --> 05:19:15,562
WE'LL PASS IT TO THE NEXT PANEL,

7703
05:19:15,562 --> 05:19:16,229
LAST PANEL.

7704
05:19:16,229 --> 05:19:26,773
SO THANKS MY FELLOW COLLEAGUES.

7705
05:19:42,622 --> 05:19:45,358
>> GOOD AFTERNOON.

7706
05:19:45,358 --> 05:19:47,227
AS WE'RE TRYING TO CONCLUDE THE

7707
05:19:47,227 --> 05:19:50,964
SUMMIT FEST IT'S AND --

7708
05:19:50,964 --> 05:19:53,033
FESTIVITIES AND WALK AWAY REALLY

7709
05:19:53,033 --> 05:19:55,268
BOTH HUMBLED AND INSPIRED AND

7710
05:19:55,268 --> 05:19:56,903
FULL OF REALISTIC OPTIMISM, IT

7711
05:19:56,903 --> 05:20:02,542
IS MY PLEASURE TO INTRODUCE OUR

7712
05:20:02,542 --> 05:20:05,178
COLLEAGUES, DR. STACY

7713
05:20:05,178 --> 05:20:07,180
CARRINGTON-LAWRENCE FROM ACTING

7714
05:20:07,180 --> 05:20:08,682
DIRECTOR AT THE DIVISION OF

7715
05:20:08,682 --> 05:20:10,117
AGING BIOLOGY, WHO IS GOING ON

7716
05:20:10,117 --> 05:20:11,551
SHARE WITH US THE HIGHLIGHTS AND

7717
05:20:11,551 --> 05:20:17,224
KEY TAKE AWAYS OF THE

7718
05:20:17,224 --> 05:20:19,126
GEROSCIENCE SUMMIT THAT WAS HELD

7719
05:20:19,126 --> 05:20:19,759
RECENTLY.

7720
05:20:19,759 --> 05:20:22,295
FOLLOWING HER PRESENTATION,

7721
05:20:22,295 --> 05:20:25,465
DR. ERIN HARRELL, DIRECTOR OF

7722
05:20:25,465 --> 05:20:26,233
BEHAVIORAL SOCIAL RESEARCH WILL

7723
05:20:26,233 --> 05:20:28,301
SHARE WITH US THE KEY TAKE AWAYS

7724
05:20:28,301 --> 05:20:29,069
AND HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE

7725
05:20:29,069 --> 05:20:31,138
COGNITIVE AGING SUMMIT THAT WAS

7726
05:20:31,138 --> 05:20:32,606
ALSO HELD RECENTLY.

7727
05:20:32,606 --> 05:20:34,007
AND THE REASON BEING WE REALLY

7728
05:20:34,007 --> 05:20:37,844
WANT TO ILLUSTRATE NIA'S

7729
05:20:37,844 --> 05:20:39,846
COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH AND

7730
05:20:39,846 --> 05:20:41,548
INTEGRATIVE APPROACH IN BRINGING

7731
05:20:41,548 --> 05:20:45,185
TOGETHER THE INVESTIGATION OF

7732
05:20:45,185 --> 05:20:47,053
AGING, AGE RELATED DISORDERS,

7733
05:20:47,053 --> 05:20:48,355
OUTSIDE OF ALZHEIMER'S AND

7734
05:20:48,355 --> 05:20:50,423
RELATED DEMENTIAS, AND IN ALL

7735
05:20:50,423 --> 05:20:55,562
THESE DIMENSIONS, INCLUDING

7736
05:20:55,562 --> 05:20:59,199
OBVIOUSLY -- SO THANK YOU,

7737
05:20:59,199 --> 05:21:00,834
STACY, AND THE PODIUM IS YOURS.

7738
05:21:00,834 --> 05:21:02,736
>> GREAT, THANK YOU,
SUZANNA.

7739
05:21:02,736 --> 05:21:04,104
I HOPE EVERYONE IS ABLE TO HEAR

7740
05:21:04,104 --> 05:21:04,938
ME OKAY.

7741
05:21:04,938 --> 05:21:06,072
>> YES.

7742
05:21:06,072 --> 05:21:08,041
>> OKAY.

7743
05:21:08,041 --> 05:21:09,809
SO AGAIN, GOOD AFTERNOON,

7744
05:21:09,809 --> 05:21:10,076
EVERYONE.

7745
05:21:10,076 --> 05:21:14,147
I WANT TO THANK SUZANNA, ERIKA,

7746
05:21:14,147 --> 05:21:16,917
AS WELL AS LAURIE FOR INVITING

7747
05:21:16,917 --> 05:21:18,418
ME OR GIVING ME THE OPPORTUNITY

7748
05:21:18,418 --> 05:21:21,254
SHARE A BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE

7749
05:21:21,254 --> 05:21:22,455
FOURTH GEROSCIENCE SUMMIT THAT

7750
05:21:22,455 --> 05:21:26,626
WAS SPONSORED BY NIA BACK IN

7751
05:21:26,626 --> 05:21:26,826
2023.

7752
05:21:26,826 --> 05:21:28,628
SO FIRST, I'LL GIVE SORT OF A

7753
05:21:28,628 --> 05:21:30,931
BRIEF OVERVIEW OF GEROSCIENCE.

7754
05:21:30,931 --> 05:21:32,098
I KNOW MANY OF YOU PROBABLY

7755
05:21:32,098 --> 05:21:33,433
ALREADY KNOW WHAT IT IS, BUT FOR

7756
05:21:33,433 --> 05:21:34,768
THOSE WHO DON'T, I'LL JUST

7757
05:21:34,768 --> 05:21:36,937
BRIEFLY GO THROUGH IT, THEN I

7758
05:21:36,937 --> 05:21:38,238
WILL TALK ABOUT SOME ACTIVITIES

7759
05:21:38,238 --> 05:21:41,074
THAT ARE GOING ON AT NIH IN

7760
05:21:41,074 --> 05:21:43,843
RESPONSE TO GEROSCIENCE, AS WELL

7761
05:21:43,843 --> 05:21:46,346
AS THE OVERVIEW OF THE SUMMIT

7762
05:21:46,346 --> 05:21:50,083
THAT WE RECENTLY HAD.

7763
05:21:50,083 --> 05:21:51,918
SO BRIEFLY, THE GEROSCIENCE

7764
05:21:51,918 --> 05:21:53,987
HYPOTHESIS ASSERTS THAT ANY

7765
05:21:53,987 --> 05:21:55,188
INTERVENTIONS THAT SLOW THE

7766
05:21:55,188 --> 05:21:56,723
AGING PROCESS WILL DELAY THE

7767
05:21:56,723 --> 05:21:58,491
ONSET OF MULTIPLE AGE RELATED

7768
05:21:58,491 --> 05:22:00,227
DISEASES AND FUNCTIONAL

7769
05:22:00,227 --> 05:22:00,794
DECLINES.

7770
05:22:00,794 --> 05:22:03,430
HOWEVER, TESTING HYPOTHESIS AND

7771
05:22:03,430 --> 05:22:04,497
APPLYING THE KNOWLEDGE GAINED

7772
05:22:04,497 --> 05:22:05,932
ARE COMPLICATED BY A MULTITUDE

7773
05:22:05,932 --> 05:22:07,000
OF FACTORS.

7774
05:22:07,000 --> 05:22:11,738
THE CROSS-SCALES OF RESEARCH

7775
05:22:11,738 --> 05:22:13,039
FROM MOLECULAR TO POPULATIONS

7776
05:22:13,039 --> 05:22:15,242
RANGING FROM DIFFERENCES IN

7777
05:22:15,242 --> 05:22:17,978
MULTIMORBIDITIES RELATED TO AGE,

7778
05:22:17,978 --> 05:22:20,480
SEX, ETHNICITY, TO A COMPLEX

7779
05:22:20,480 --> 05:22:21,514
INTERPLAY AMONG MOLECULAR

7780
05:22:21,514 --> 05:22:22,882
DRIVERS OF AGING.

7781
05:22:22,882 --> 05:22:27,354
THE GOALS OF USING A GEROSCIENCE

7782
05:22:27,354 --> 05:22:28,788
APPROACH INCLUDE TO SEEK OUT

7783
05:22:28,788 --> 05:22:30,624
INTERVENTIONS THAT SLOW OR

7784
05:22:30,624 --> 05:22:33,927
REVERSE CELLULAR MOLECULAR AGE

7785
05:22:33,927 --> 05:22:35,895
RELATED CHANGES, TO VALIDATE

7786
05:22:35,895 --> 05:22:37,864
NOVEL INTERVENTIONS THAT ENGAGE

7787
05:22:37,864 --> 05:22:40,934
THE HALLMARKS OF AGING, AND TO

7788
05:22:40,934 --> 05:22:42,569
DETERMINE THEIR IMPACT ON

7789
05:22:42,569 --> 05:22:44,437
AGE-RELATED DISEASES AND OVERALL

7790
05:22:44,437 --> 05:22:46,940
FUNCTION, AS WELL AS TO SUPPORT

7791
05:22:46,940 --> 05:22:48,608
THE SPECTRUM OF TRANSLATIONAL

7792
05:22:48,608 --> 05:22:52,078
RESEARCH NEEDED TO VALIDATE

7793
05:22:52,078 --> 05:22:53,513
GEROSCIENCE INTERVENTIONS INTO

7794
05:22:53,513 --> 05:22:58,251
CLINICAL PRACTICE.

7795
05:22:58,251 --> 05:23:00,186
ONE OF THE MAJOR ACTIVITIES FOR

7796
05:23:00,186 --> 05:23:04,357
GEROSCIENCE AT NIH IS THE GSIG.

7797
05:23:04,357 --> 05:23:08,295
IN 2012 DOCTORS SIERRA AND RON

7798
05:23:08,295 --> 05:23:10,163
KOHANSKI, BOTH FORMER DIRECTORS

7799
05:23:10,163 --> 05:23:15,268
OF DWIFTION AGE -- DIVISION OF

7800
05:23:15,268 --> 05:23:19,039
AGING BIOLOGY ESTABLISHED GSIG,

7801
05:23:19,039 --> 05:23:20,006
GEROSCIENCE INTEREST GROUP.

7802
05:23:20,006 --> 05:23:21,541
THE OBJECTIVES OF THE GROUP ARE

7803
05:23:21,541 --> 05:23:22,442
TO STIMULATE INTEREST IN THE

7804
05:23:22,442 --> 05:23:26,146
BASIC SCIENCE OF AGING ACROSS

7805
05:23:26,146 --> 05:23:26,913
INSTITUTES, CENTERS AND OFFICES

7806
05:23:26,913 --> 05:23:30,650
AT NI H AND TO FACILITATE

7807
05:23:30,650 --> 05:23:31,751
EDUCATION, COMMUNICATION AND

7808
05:23:31,751 --> 05:23:32,085
COLLABORATION.

7809
05:23:32,085 --> 05:23:35,255
THE GROUP WHICH NOW INCLUDES

7810
05:23:35,255 --> 05:23:36,456
ABOUT 19 OF THE 27 INSTITUTES

7811
05:23:36,456 --> 05:23:40,493
AND CENTERS AT NIH MEETS

7812
05:23:40,493 --> 05:23:42,796
REGULARLY AND PROVIDES

7813
05:23:42,796 --> 05:23:44,564
EDUCATIONAL WEBINARS FOR NIH

7814
05:23:44,564 --> 05:23:46,966
STAFF ON TOPICS IN GEROSCIENCE,

7815
05:23:46,966 --> 05:23:48,802
CONTRIBUTES TO CONCEPTS AND

7816
05:23:48,802 --> 05:23:51,104
FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES AND

7817
05:23:51,104 --> 05:23:52,205
PUBLISHES PERSPECTIVE PAPERS ON

7818
05:23:52,205 --> 05:23:54,174
AREAS OF INTEREST TO THE

7819
05:23:54,174 --> 05:23:56,076
GEROSCIENCE COMMUNITY.

7820
05:23:56,076 --> 05:24:00,547
IN ADDITION, THE GSIG HOAS THE

7821
05:24:00,547 --> 05:24:01,848
GEROSCIENCE -- HOSTS THE

7822
05:24:01,848 --> 05:24:03,483
GEROSCIENCE SUMMITS THAT OCCUR

7823
05:24:03,483 --> 05:24:04,884
APPROXIMATELY EVERY THREE YEARS.

7824
05:24:04,884 --> 05:24:06,686
THERE HAVE BEEN FOUR SUMMITS SO

7825
05:24:06,686 --> 05:24:09,923
FAR SINCE 2013, WITH THE FOURTH

7826
05:24:09,923 --> 05:24:18,932
SUMMIT TAKING PLACE IN 2023.

7827
05:24:18,932 --> 05:24:21,668
SO NIA IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE

7828
05:24:21,668 --> 05:24:23,069
GSIG CONVENED THE FOURTH

7829
05:24:23,069 --> 05:24:25,071
GEROSCIENCE SUMMIT ON APRIL 24

7830
05:24:25,071 --> 05:24:27,607
THROUGH THE 26 OF 2023.

7831
05:24:27,607 --> 05:24:29,142
AND THE GOAL OF THE SUMMIT WAS

7832
05:24:29,142 --> 05:24:31,311
TO EXPLORE TOPICS AT THE

7833
05:24:31,311 --> 05:24:32,545
FOREFRONT OF THE GEROSCIENCE

7834
05:24:32,545 --> 05:24:34,047
FIELD AND TO CONSIDER NOVEL WAYS

7835
05:24:34,047 --> 05:24:36,349
TO ADVANCE THIS RAPIDLY EVOLVING

7836
05:24:36,349 --> 05:24:37,684
AREA OF RESEARCH.

7837
05:24:37,684 --> 05:24:38,752
THE EVENT HIGHLIGHTED THE NEED

7838
05:24:38,752 --> 05:24:41,588
TO FURTHER DEVELOP THE FIELD IN

7839
05:24:41,588 --> 05:24:43,356
AN EQUITABLE AND INCLUSIVE WAY

7840
05:24:43,356 --> 05:24:45,091
AND HEALTH DISPARITIES IN AGING

7841
05:24:45,091 --> 05:24:46,860
WAS A CENTRAL THEME CARRIED

7842
05:24:46,860 --> 05:24:49,729
THROUGHOUT THE SUMMIT.

7843
05:24:49,729 --> 05:24:51,664
THE INTENT OF THE THREE-DAY

7844
05:24:51,664 --> 05:24:53,133
WORKSHOP WAS TO ASSESS THE

7845
05:24:53,133 --> 05:24:56,302
STATEMENT OF THE SCIENCE AND

7846
05:24:56,302 --> 05:24:57,470
GEROSCIENCE, LEARN FROM EARLY

7847
05:24:57,470 --> 05:24:59,139
AND MID CAREER RESEARCHERS

7848
05:24:59,139 --> 05:25:00,573
WORKING IN THE SPACE, CONVENE A

7849
05:25:00,573 --> 05:25:02,509
DIVERSE GROUP OF STAKEHOLDERS TO

7850
05:25:02,509 --> 05:25:03,843
FACILITATE NEW COLLABORATIONS

7851
05:25:03,843 --> 05:25:05,044
AND TO DETERMINE THE BARRIERS TO

7852
05:25:05,044 --> 05:25:10,383
PROGRESS AND EXPLORE POTENTIAL

7853
05:25:10,383 --> 05:25:10,650
SOLUTIONS.

7854
05:25:10,650 --> 05:25:12,385
THERE WERE ALSO SEVERAL

7855
05:25:12,385 --> 05:25:12,986
CHALLENGES THAT ACTUALLY DROVE

7856
05:25:12,986 --> 05:25:14,888
THE AGENDA FOR THE SUMMIT, AND

7857
05:25:14,888 --> 05:25:15,989
THEY INCLUDED THE NEED TO

7858
05:25:15,989 --> 05:25:17,824
DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT

7859
05:25:17,824 --> 05:25:19,592
GEROSCIENCE FOR THE BENEFIT OF

7860
05:25:19,592 --> 05:25:21,461
ALL, AND THIS WOULD INCLUDE THE

7861
05:25:21,461 --> 05:25:22,562
DISCIPLINES OF PRECISION

7862
05:25:22,562 --> 05:25:24,431
MEDICINE CHRKS WE HEARD QUAIT A

7863
05:25:24,431 --> 05:25:25,765
BIT -- WHICH WE HEARD QUITE A

7864
05:25:25,765 --> 05:25:28,735
BIT ABOUT FROM YOUR SUMMIT,

7865
05:25:28,735 --> 05:25:29,803
MINORITY HEALTH AND HEALTH

7866
05:25:29,803 --> 05:25:30,770
DISPARITIES AS WELL AS THE NEED

7867
05:25:30,770 --> 05:25:33,072
FOR GEROSCIENCE RESEARCH TO

7868
05:25:33,072 --> 05:25:35,708
ADDRESS CO-MORE MID TIZ,

7869
05:25:35,708 --> 05:25:37,811
MULTIMORBIDITY AND GERIATRIC

7870
05:25:37,811 --> 05:25:38,878
SYNDROMES, ADVANCING THE

7871
05:25:38,878 --> 05:25:40,146
DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES

7872
05:25:40,146 --> 05:25:42,649
REPORTING HEALTH AND FUNCTION IN

7873
05:25:42,649 --> 05:25:45,051
AGING, AND THE IMPORTANCE OF

7874
05:25:45,051 --> 05:25:47,654
EVIDENCE-BASED INCLUSIVE

7875
05:25:47,654 --> 05:25:48,521
GEROSCIENCE IN MEDICAL PRACTICE

7876
05:25:48,521 --> 05:25:50,390
AND FEASIBILITY DESIGN AND

7877
05:25:50,390 --> 05:25:52,325
IMPLEMENTATION OF GEROSCIENCE IN

7878
05:25:52,325 --> 05:25:54,794
CLINICAL TRIALS.

7879
05:25:54,794 --> 05:25:57,197
THEREFORE, THE AGENDA WAS BROKEN

7880
05:25:57,197 --> 05:25:58,531
OUT INTO EIGHT SESSION THEMES

7881
05:25:58,531 --> 05:26:00,600
THAT WERE DESIGNED TO ADDRESS

7882
05:26:00,600 --> 05:26:02,135
CHALLENGES IN THE FIELD.

7883
05:26:02,135 --> 05:26:04,204
ON DAY ONE, SESSIONS INCLUDED

7884
05:26:04,204 --> 05:26:05,572
THE BIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF

7885
05:26:05,572 --> 05:26:08,074
HEALTH AND DISPARITIES IN AGING,

7886
05:26:08,074 --> 05:26:09,342
WHICH PROVIDED AN INTRODUCTION

7887
05:26:09,342 --> 05:26:12,312
AND OVERVIEW OF THE NIH DEATH

7888
05:26:12,312 --> 05:26:14,714
DISPARITIES FRAMEWORK FOR

7889
05:26:14,714 --> 05:26:16,483
RESEARCH -- HEALTH DISPARITIES

7890
05:26:16,483 --> 05:26:18,017
FRAMEWORK FOR RESEARCH AND

7891
05:26:18,017 --> 05:26:20,253
IMPACTS ON AGING RELATED HEALTH

7892
05:26:20,253 --> 05:26:22,188
OUTCOMES AND OVERVIEW OF BASIC

7893
05:26:22,188 --> 05:26:23,957
AND TRANSLATIONAL CANCER BIOLOGY

7894
05:26:23,957 --> 05:26:25,258
RESEARCH, UNDERSTANDING AND

7895
05:26:25,258 --> 05:26:27,126
REDUCING CANCER HEALTH

7896
05:26:27,126 --> 05:26:28,328
DISPARITIES WAS ALSO PRESENTED,

7897
05:26:28,328 --> 05:26:32,432
AND PERSPECTIVES ON FRAMING

7898
05:26:32,432 --> 05:26:33,833
FUNDAMENTAL BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH

7899
05:26:33,833 --> 05:26:35,702
TO EXPAND PROGRESS IN ADDRESS

7900
05:26:35,702 --> 05:26:38,238
HEALTH DISPARITIES OF THE AGING

7901
05:26:38,238 --> 05:26:41,875
WAS ALSO DISCUSSED.

7902
05:26:41,875 --> 05:26:43,643
THE SECOND SESSION IN DAY ONE

7903
05:26:43,643 --> 05:26:45,945
FOLK TUSKED ON POPULATIONS FOR

7904
05:26:45,945 --> 05:26:47,814
GEROSCIENCE RESEARCH -- FOCUSED

7905
05:26:47,814 --> 05:26:48,248
ON.

7906
05:26:48,248 --> 05:26:49,782
THIS FOCUSED ON STUDIES THAT

7907
05:26:49,782 --> 05:26:51,551
REVEALED DIFFERENCES RELATED TO

7908
05:26:51,551 --> 05:26:53,052
CHARACTERISTICS, DIFFERENCES IN

7909
05:26:53,052 --> 05:26:55,788
RATES OF AGING RELATED TO

7910
05:26:55,788 --> 05:26:57,690
CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS FAMILIAL

7911
05:26:57,690 --> 05:27:00,260
LIFE SPAN, EARLY DISEASE OR

7912
05:27:00,260 --> 05:27:02,362
CHRONIC INFECTION, AS WELL AS

7913
05:27:02,362 --> 05:27:04,898
WITHIN POPULATION HETEROGENEITY

7914
05:27:04,898 --> 05:27:07,834
AND RATES OF AGING.

7915
05:27:07,834 --> 05:27:09,469
THERE WERE REPORTS FROM SEVERAL

7916
05:27:09,469 --> 05:27:12,839
MAJOR FINDINGS FROM THESE WELL

7917
05:27:12,839 --> 05:27:13,873
STUDIED POPULATIONS THAT WERE

7918
05:27:13,873 --> 05:27:15,141
PRESENTED DURING THE SESSION IN

7919
05:27:15,141 --> 05:27:18,311
ORDER TO EXPLORE HOW THESE

7920
05:27:18,311 --> 05:27:19,646
STUDIES MIGHT BE FORMED -- MIGHT

7921
05:27:19,646 --> 05:27:21,514
INFORM BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND

7922
05:27:21,514 --> 05:27:22,382
HEALTH DISPARITIES.

7923
05:27:22,382 --> 05:27:27,220
AND FINALLY, ON DAY ONE, OH,

7924
05:27:27,220 --> 05:27:31,257
SORRY, I'LL TRY AND GO BACK.

7925
05:27:31,257 --> 05:27:32,926
MULTIMORBIDITIES AND GERIATRIC

7926
05:27:32,926 --> 05:27:34,360
SYNDROMES TO EXPLORE THE IDEA

7927
05:27:34,360 --> 05:27:36,529
THAT BOTH MULTIMORBIDITY AND

7928
05:27:36,529 --> 05:27:38,531
GERIATRIC SYNDROMES ARE EMERGENT

7929
05:27:38,531 --> 05:27:41,134
PROPERTIES OF UNDERLYING GLOBAL

7930
05:27:41,134 --> 05:27:41,434
INSTABILITY.

7931
05:27:41,434 --> 05:27:43,169
THAT IS INTRINSICALLY CEKED WITH

7932
05:27:43,169 --> 05:27:45,271
THE BIOLOGY OF THE AGING.

7933
05:27:45,271 --> 05:27:46,272
AND ONE OF THE CRITICAL

7934
05:27:46,272 --> 05:27:47,473
QUESTIONS THAT WAS ADDRESSED IN

7935
05:27:47,473 --> 05:27:50,977
THIS SESSION WAS HOW WE CAN USE

7936
05:27:50,977 --> 05:27:52,946
OTHER MORE RELEVANT ANIMAL

7937
05:27:52,946 --> 05:27:54,781
MODELS FOR GEROSCIENCE RESEARCH

7938
05:27:54,781 --> 05:27:57,216
ON MULTIMORBIDITIES AND

7939
05:27:57,216 --> 05:27:58,084
GERIATRIC SYNDROMES.

7940
05:27:58,084 --> 05:27:59,519
DAY TWO SESSIONS INCLUDED

7941
05:27:59,519 --> 05:28:01,254
METHODS FOR MEASURING HEALTH,

7942
05:28:01,254 --> 05:28:02,922
THE SESSION EXPLORED DIFFERENT

7943
05:28:02,922 --> 05:28:04,357
METHODS FOR MEASURING HEALTH

7944
05:28:04,357 --> 05:28:06,526
ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN INCLUDING

7945
05:28:06,526 --> 05:28:07,827
DEFICIT ACCUMULATION AND FRAILTY

7946
05:28:07,827 --> 05:28:10,897
IN DISEASE, AS WELL AS GERIATRIC

7947
05:28:10,897 --> 05:28:13,666
MOBILITY ASSESSMENTS.

7948
05:28:13,666 --> 05:28:14,734
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF AGING

7949
05:28:14,734 --> 05:28:16,736
AND HEALTH FOR GEROSCIENCE.

7950
05:28:16,736 --> 05:28:18,471
THIS SESSION FOCUSED ON MODELING

7951
05:28:18,471 --> 05:28:20,440
TO ASSESS WHICH LIFE CONDITIONS

7952
05:28:20,440 --> 05:28:22,742
OR INTERVENTIONS SLOW OR

7953
05:28:22,742 --> 05:28:24,911
ACCELERATE AGING.

7954
05:28:24,911 --> 05:28:26,446
ESPECIALLY IN THE CONTEXT OF

7955
05:28:26,446 --> 05:28:28,748
CLINICAL OUTCOMES, WITH THE GOAL

7956
05:28:28,748 --> 05:28:30,416
OF IDENTIFYING PARAMETERS TO

7957
05:28:30,416 --> 05:28:31,951
MEASURE RATES OF AGING AS WELL

7958
05:28:31,951 --> 05:28:35,054
AS TO INDICATE WHICH TYPES OF

7959
05:28:35,054 --> 05:28:37,423
INTERVENTIONS MAY BE MOST

7960
05:28:37,423 --> 05:28:39,292
EFFECTIVE IN CHANGING RATES OF

7961
05:28:39,292 --> 05:28:39,492
AGING.

7962
05:28:39,492 --> 05:28:43,329
AND THE FINAL SESSION ON DAY TWO

7963
05:28:43,329 --> 05:28:45,098
FOCUSED ON CHALLENGES IN THE

7964
05:28:45,098 --> 05:28:47,634
DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMARKERS FOR

7965
05:28:47,634 --> 05:28:49,268
AGING AND GEROSCIENCE.

7966
05:28:49,268 --> 05:28:52,005
THESE CHALLENGES INCLUDE A

7967
05:28:52,005 --> 05:28:53,306
COMPLEX HETEROGENEITY AND ANY

7968
05:28:53,306 --> 05:28:54,807
HEALTH METRIC WHEN MEASURED

7969
05:28:54,807 --> 05:28:55,942
AGAINST AGE.

7970
05:28:55,942 --> 05:28:58,444
VARIATION IN ORGAN AND TISSUE

7971
05:28:58,444 --> 05:28:59,746
FUNCTION COMPARED BETWEEN

7972
05:28:59,746 --> 05:29:01,614
INDIVIDUALS AND VARIATIONS IN

7973
05:29:01,614 --> 05:29:03,016
LIFE HISTORIES THAT IMPACT

7974
05:29:03,016 --> 05:29:07,420
HEALTH AT ANY AGE.

7975
05:29:07,420 --> 05:29:08,621
THESE MAY IMPACT HEALTH IN WAYS

7976
05:29:08,621 --> 05:29:12,225
THAT MAY BE ADAPTIVE OR

7977
05:29:12,225 --> 05:29:13,026
MALADAPTIVE.

7978
05:29:13,026 --> 05:29:14,761
WE FINISHED ON DAY THREE WITH

7979
05:29:14,761 --> 05:29:15,728
TWO SESSIONS.

7980
05:29:15,728 --> 05:29:17,096
ONE ON GEROSCIENCE AS MEDICINE

7981
05:29:17,096 --> 05:29:19,232
IN THE CLINIC AND THE COMMUNITY,

7982
05:29:19,232 --> 05:29:20,800
WHICH HAD PRESENTATIONS THAT

7983
05:29:20,800 --> 05:29:21,901
DISCUSSED AREAS IN WHICH

7984
05:29:21,901 --> 05:29:24,771
GEROSCIENCE COULD ADVANCE CARE

7985
05:29:24,771 --> 05:29:27,273
OF OLDER ADULTS WITH THE GOAL TO

7986
05:29:27,273 --> 05:29:28,141
FACILITATE COMMUNICATION AMONG

7987
05:29:28,141 --> 05:29:30,143
RESEARCHERS AND PROVIDERS AND

7988
05:29:30,143 --> 05:29:31,110
THEIR PATIENTS, AS WELL AS TO

7989
05:29:31,110 --> 05:29:32,445
IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING AND

7990
05:29:32,445 --> 05:29:34,714
INTEGRATION OF GEROSCIENCE IN

7991
05:29:34,714 --> 05:29:37,350
CLINICAL PRACTICE OR PATIENT

7992
05:29:37,350 --> 05:29:37,784
CARE.

7993
05:29:37,784 --> 05:29:39,852
THE FINAL SESSION ON DAY THREE

7994
05:29:39,852 --> 05:29:42,622
WAS ON GEROSCIENCE CLINICAL

7995
05:29:42,622 --> 05:29:43,022
TRIALS.

7996
05:29:43,022 --> 05:29:44,691
THIS SESSION TIMED ADDRESS THE

7997
05:29:44,691 --> 05:29:46,426
CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH

7998
05:29:46,426 --> 05:29:47,527
DEVELOPING AND CARRYING OUT

7999
05:29:47,527 --> 05:29:48,961
GEROSCIENCE BASED CLINICAL

8000
05:29:48,961 --> 05:29:50,930
TRIALS THAT ARE INCLUSIVE AND

8001
05:29:50,930 --> 05:29:53,666
INCORPORATE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS

8002
05:29:53,666 --> 05:29:55,735
OF HEALTH, IN ORDER TO TEST

8003
05:29:55,735 --> 05:29:57,136
INTERVENTION THAT IS CAN AFFECT

8004
05:29:57,136 --> 05:29:59,238
MULTIPLE CONDITIONS OF AGING.

8005
05:29:59,238 --> 05:30:01,741
SO OVERALL, THE SPEAKERS AND

8006
05:30:01,741 --> 05:30:02,408
PANELISTS RECOMMENDED SEVERAL

8007
05:30:02,408 --> 05:30:03,376
THINGS TO KEEP IN MIND AND TO

8008
05:30:03,376 --> 05:30:05,478
AIM FOR IN THE FUTURE AND SOME

8009
05:30:05,478 --> 05:30:08,448
OF THESE WILL PROBABLY BE VERY

8010
05:30:08,448 --> 05:30:10,717
FAMILIAR TO YOU ALL.

8011
05:30:10,717 --> 05:30:12,151
I'VE HEARD ABOUT THIS SEVERAL

8012
05:30:12,151 --> 05:30:15,088
TIMES OVER THE COURSE OF THE AD

8013
05:30:15,088 --> 05:30:15,321
SUMMIT.

8014
05:30:15,321 --> 05:30:17,857
AND THAT IS, GIVEN HETEROGENEITY

8015
05:30:17,857 --> 05:30:20,226
IN AGING, INCLUDING DIFFERENT

8016
05:30:20,226 --> 05:30:24,964
LIFE CONTEXTS, PANELISTS AND

8017
05:30:24,964 --> 05:30:26,065
SPEAKERS THOUGHT PRECISION

8018
05:30:26,065 --> 05:30:30,002
MEDICINE WOULD BETTER TAILOR

8019
05:30:30,002 --> 05:30:31,337
THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS THAT

8020
05:30:31,337 --> 05:30:33,673
WOULD BE APPLICABLE TO A LARGE

8021
05:30:33,673 --> 05:30:36,175
PROPORTION OF THE POPULATION.

8022
05:30:36,175 --> 05:30:37,810
THEY ALSO RECOMMENDED MOVING WAY

8023
05:30:37,810 --> 05:30:40,079
FROM SINGLE DISEASE RESPONSES

8024
05:30:40,079 --> 05:30:42,582
AND MORE TOWARDS STRUCTURAL

8025
05:30:42,582 --> 05:30:44,484
CHANGE, MULTILEVEL

8026
05:30:44,484 --> 05:30:46,119
INTERVENTIONS, AND

8027
05:30:46,119 --> 05:30:47,286
INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES.

8028
05:30:47,286 --> 05:30:48,521
THEY ALSO STRESSED THE

8029
05:30:48,521 --> 05:30:50,156
IMPORTANCE OF DEVELOPING ACROSS

8030
05:30:50,156 --> 05:30:52,358
SPEE -- A CROSS-SPECIES

8031
05:30:52,358 --> 05:30:53,793
FRAMEWORK TO TRANSLATE INSIGHTS

8032
05:30:53,793 --> 05:30:56,095
GAINED FROM ANIMAL MODELS TO THE

8033
05:30:56,095 --> 05:30:56,629
CLINIC.

8034
05:30:56,629 --> 05:30:58,164
PRESENTERS ALSO MENTIONED AGING

8035
05:30:58,164 --> 05:31:00,333
BEING A SERIES OF OUTCOMES WITH

8036
05:31:00,333 --> 05:31:02,802
DIVERSE CONTRIBUTING FACTORS.

8037
05:31:02,802 --> 05:31:04,270
RATHER THAN A SET OF OUTCOMES

8038
05:31:04,270 --> 05:31:06,139
ARISE FRG A SMALL SET OF

8039
05:31:06,139 --> 05:31:08,007
PROCESSES, AGING OUTCOMES ARE

8040
05:31:08,007 --> 05:31:09,842
LIKELY SHAPED IN COMPLEX WAYS BY

8041
05:31:09,842 --> 05:31:12,678
A LARGE NUMBER OF FACTORS AND

8042
05:31:12,678 --> 05:31:14,447
MORE ACCURATELY MODELING OF

8043
05:31:14,447 --> 05:31:16,282
AGING WILL BE IMPORTANT TO

8044
05:31:16,282 --> 05:31:22,188
ADVANCE GEROSCIENCE.

8045
05:31:22,188 --> 05:31:23,089
FINALLY, BIOMARKERS WERE ALSO

8046
05:31:23,089 --> 05:31:24,390
DISCUSSED QUITE A BIT AND

8047
05:31:24,390 --> 05:31:26,793
PRESENTERS INDICATED THAT

8048
05:31:26,793 --> 05:31:28,161
BIOMARKERS SHOULD BE

8049
05:31:28,161 --> 05:31:29,762
MULTIFACTORIAL AND HAVE MEASURED

8050
05:31:29,762 --> 05:31:31,631
THAT ARE SHORT -- HAVE MEASURES

8051
05:31:31,631 --> 05:31:32,832
THAT SHORT-TERM FOR CLINICAL

8052
05:31:32,832 --> 05:31:34,267
TRIALS, BE PREDICTORS OF

8053
05:31:34,267 --> 05:31:39,172
DISEASE, SO BEFORE THE ONSET OF

8054
05:31:39,172 --> 05:31:41,040
DISEASE, INDICATE CURRENT HEALTH

8055
05:31:41,040 --> 05:31:42,775
VERSUS FUTURE HEALTH, VERSUS

8056
05:31:42,775 --> 05:31:46,612
TRAJECTORIES OF AGING,

8057
05:31:46,612 --> 05:31:49,015
BIOMARKERS SHOULD IDENTIFY

8058
05:31:49,015 --> 05:31:50,116
ORGANISM HEALTH VERSUS

8059
05:31:50,116 --> 05:31:52,218
CRECIALTION ORGAN OR DISEASE

8060
05:31:52,218 --> 05:31:53,820
SPECIFIC -- CRECIALTION ORGAN OR

8061
05:31:53,820 --> 05:31:56,689
DISEASE SPECIFIC, DISEASE

8062
05:31:56,689 --> 05:31:58,224
SPECIFIC VERSUS HALLMARK

8063
05:31:58,224 --> 05:31:59,425
SPECIFIC FACTORS, AND ALSO THE

8064
05:31:59,425 --> 05:32:02,628
PANELISTS AND SPEAKERS OF THE

8065
05:32:02,628 --> 05:32:04,130
SUMMIT STRESSED THE NEED TO MORE

8066
05:32:04,130 --> 05:32:05,464
CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE

8067
05:32:05,464 --> 05:32:06,966
STRATIFICATION OF PATIENTS FOR

8068
05:32:06,966 --> 05:32:08,167
INTERVENTIONS IN THE TRACKING OF

8069
05:32:08,167 --> 05:32:12,438
RESPONSES TO INTERVENTIONS.

8070
05:32:12,438 --> 05:32:13,105
SO THERE WERE SEVERAL

8071
05:32:13,105 --> 05:32:15,408
OPPORTUNITIES THAT WERE ALSO

8072
05:32:15,408 --> 05:32:17,043
IDENTIFIED FOR GEROSCIENCE

8073
05:32:17,043 --> 05:32:18,644
RESEARCH, INCLUDING DESIGNING

8074
05:32:18,644 --> 05:32:21,447
MULTILEVEL AFROACHES ADDRESS AGE

8075
05:32:21,447 --> 05:32:22,949
RELATED -- TO ADDRESS -- MURLT

8076
05:32:22,949 --> 05:32:25,451
LEVEL APPROACHES TO ADDRESS AGE

8077
05:32:25,451 --> 05:32:28,087
RELATED HEALTH DISSPARES,

8078
05:32:28,087 --> 05:32:29,088
EXPLORING AND TESTING

8079
05:32:29,088 --> 05:32:31,257
GEROSCIENCE BASED INTERVENTIONS

8080
05:32:31,257 --> 05:32:32,892
FOR CHRONIC DISEASE PATIENTS AND

8081
05:32:32,892 --> 05:32:33,659
SURVIVORS, DEVELOPING RESEARCH

8082
05:32:33,659 --> 05:32:36,395
MODELS TO STUDY AND TREAT

8083
05:32:36,395 --> 05:32:38,464
MULTIMORBIDITY, IDENTIFYING AND

8084
05:32:38,464 --> 05:32:40,766
IMPLEMENTING AGE RELATED HEALTH

8085
05:32:40,766 --> 05:32:42,535
OUTCOME MEASURES, DEVELOPING AND

8086
05:32:42,535 --> 05:32:44,070
VALIDATE PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS

8087
05:32:44,070 --> 05:32:48,007
OF AGING, AND QUITE IMPORTANT

8088
05:32:48,007 --> 05:32:49,642
AND SOMETHING I THINK THAT WE

8089
05:32:49,642 --> 05:32:51,611
DON'T DO ENOUGH OF IS TO IMPROVE

8090
05:32:51,611 --> 05:32:53,312
OUR COMMUNICATION AND TRAINING

8091
05:32:53,312 --> 05:32:56,749
IN THE GEROSCIENCE SPACE.

8092
05:32:56,749 --> 05:32:58,517
FINALLY, I WANTED TO CALL YOUR

8093
05:32:58,517 --> 05:33:00,553
ATTENTION TO A SPECIAL ISSUE OF

8094
05:33:00,553 --> 05:33:03,089
THE JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY.

8095
05:33:03,089 --> 05:33:04,757
IT CONTAINS SEVERAL ARTICLES

8096
05:33:04,757 --> 05:33:06,926
FROM PARTICIPANTS OF THE FOURTH

8097
05:33:06,926 --> 05:33:08,995
SUMMIT AND IT WAS RECENTLY

8098
05:33:08,995 --> 05:33:11,297
RELEASED ABOUT A WEEK OR TWO

8099
05:33:11,297 --> 05:33:13,165
AGO, AND IT CAN BE ACCESSED

8100
05:33:13,165 --> 05:33:15,167
USING THE QR CODE ON THE SCREEN.

8101
05:33:15,167 --> 05:33:16,335
I WANT TO AGAIN THANK YOU FOR

8102
05:33:16,335 --> 05:33:18,504
YOUR TIME AND ATTENTION, I'M

8103
05:33:18,504 --> 05:33:21,440
HAPPY TO ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS.

8104
05:33:21,440 --> 05:33:23,175
>> THANK YOU, STACY, THANK
YOU

8105
05:33:23,175 --> 05:33:23,576
VERY MUCH.

8106
05:33:23,576 --> 05:33:30,383
NOW IT'S MY PLEASURE TO INVITE

8107
05:33:30,383 --> 05:33:33,152
ERIN HARRELL TO PRESENT THE

8108
05:33:33,152 --> 05:33:34,654
HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE COGNITIVE

8109
05:33:34,654 --> 05:33:42,261
AGING SUMMIT.

8110
05:33:42,261 --> 05:33:43,596
>> GOOD AFTERNOON,
EVERYONE.

8111
05:33:43,596 --> 05:33:46,332
IT'S A PLEASURE TO BE HERE TODAY

8112
05:33:46,332 --> 05:33:47,867
TO PRESENT SOME OF THE KEY TAKE

8113
05:33:47,867 --> 05:33:49,835
AWAYS FROM THE COGNITIVE AGING

8114
05:33:49,835 --> 05:33:50,069
SUMMIT.

8115
05:33:50,069 --> 05:33:52,505
I AM DR. ERIN HARRELL FROM THE

8116
05:33:52,505 --> 05:33:54,006
DIVISION OF BEHAVIORAL AND

8117
05:33:54,006 --> 05:33:56,175
SOCIAL RESEARCH, AND I WOULD

8118
05:33:56,175 --> 05:33:59,178
LIKE TO START BY JUST GIVING A

8119
05:33:59,178 --> 05:34:02,515
LITTLE BIT OF BACKGROUND ABOUT

8120
05:34:02,515 --> 05:34:06,619
THE COGNITIVE AGING SUMMIT.

8121
05:34:06,619 --> 05:34:08,220
SO THE COGNITIVE AGING SUMMITS

8122
05:34:08,220 --> 05:34:09,989
ARE MADE POSSIBLE DUE TO THE

8123
05:34:09,989 --> 05:34:12,291
McKNIGHT BRAIN RESEARCH

8124
05:34:12,291 --> 05:34:13,392
FOUNDATION'S DECADE LONG

8125
05:34:13,392 --> 05:34:14,961
PARTNERSHIP WITH THE FOUNDATION

8126
05:34:14,961 --> 05:34:17,730
FOR THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF

8127
05:34:17,730 --> 05:34:17,997
HEALTH.

8128
05:34:17,997 --> 05:34:19,966
THE MISSION OF THE McKNIGHT

8129
05:34:19,966 --> 05:34:22,268
BRAIN RESEARCH FOUNDATION IS TO

8130
05:34:22,268 --> 05:34:24,770
BETTER UNDERSTAND AND ALLEVIATE

8131
05:34:24,770 --> 05:34:26,505
AGE-RELATED COGNITIVE DECLINE

8132
05:34:26,505 --> 05:34:27,840
AND MEMORY LOSS, AND THIS

8133
05:34:27,840 --> 05:34:29,141
MISSION HAS LED TO FOUR

8134
05:34:29,141 --> 05:34:31,544
COGNITIVE AGING SUMMITS WITH

8135
05:34:31,544 --> 05:34:33,245
JOINT COLLABORATIONS BETWEEN THE

8136
05:34:33,245 --> 05:34:34,647
DIVISION OF NEUROSCIENCE AND THE

8137
05:34:34,647 --> 05:34:36,482
DIVISION OF BEHAVIORAL AND

8138
05:34:36,482 --> 05:34:42,221
SOCIAL RESEARCH.

8139
05:34:42,221 --> 05:34:43,389
UNLIKE CONFERENCES THAT

8140
05:34:43,389 --> 05:34:44,924
GENERALLY TAKE PLACE EVERY YEAR,

8141
05:34:44,924 --> 05:34:46,559
EVEN THE GEROSCIENCE SUMMITS

8142
05:34:46,559 --> 05:34:48,427
THAT TAKE PLACE GENERALLY EVERY

8143
05:34:48,427 --> 05:34:51,430
THREE YEARS, THE COGNITIVE AGING

8144
05:34:51,430 --> 05:34:52,798
SUMMITS DO NOT OCCUR EVERY YEAR

8145
05:34:52,798 --> 05:34:54,900
EVEN ON A REGULAR BASIS.

8146
05:34:54,900 --> 05:34:57,269
IN FACT, THE LAST SUMMIT TOOK

8147
05:34:57,269 --> 05:35:00,039
PLACE SEVEN YEARS AGO IN 2017

8148
05:35:00,039 --> 05:35:02,575
AND WAS FOCUSED ON COGNITIVE

8149
05:35:02,575 --> 05:35:04,410
RESILIENCE AND RESERVE.

8150
05:35:04,410 --> 05:35:07,046
AS WITH THE FIRST AND SECOND

8151
05:35:07,046 --> 05:35:10,016
SUMMITS, OUTCOMES FROM SUMMIT

8152
05:35:10,016 --> 05:35:11,884
THREE INCLUDED A SPECIAL ISSUE

8153
05:35:11,884 --> 05:35:13,953
IN NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING WITH

8154
05:35:13,953 --> 05:35:15,488
PAPERS RELATED TO EACH SESSION

8155
05:35:15,488 --> 05:35:19,291
OF THE SUMMIT AND ALSO THE RFA

8156
05:35:19,291 --> 05:35:20,593
WHICH YOU MIGHT RECALL HAVING

8157
05:35:20,593 --> 05:35:23,329
BEEN MENTIONED DURING SESSION

8158
05:35:23,329 --> 05:35:24,764
ONE WHEN SOMEONE WAS TALKING

8159
05:35:24,764 --> 05:35:29,668
ABOUT THE COGNITIVE SUPER AGERS.

8160
05:35:29,668 --> 05:35:31,103
CO-SPONSORED BY THE McKNIGHT

8161
05:35:31,103 --> 05:35:32,438
BRAIN RESEARCH FOUNDATION, THE

8162
05:35:32,438 --> 05:35:34,040
RFA WAS AN OUTGROWTH OF THE

8163
05:35:34,040 --> 05:35:36,909
SUMMIT AND FOCUSED ON RESERVE

8164
05:35:36,909 --> 05:35:38,310
AND RESILIENCE.

8165
05:35:38,310 --> 05:35:40,279
TITLED NETWORK FOR

8166
05:35:40,279 --> 05:35:41,280
IDENTIFICATION, EVALUATION AND

8167
05:35:41,280 --> 05:35:43,449
TRACKING OF OLDER PERSONS WITH

8168
05:35:43,449 --> 05:35:45,317
SUPERIOR COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE

8169
05:35:45,317 --> 05:35:47,620
FOR THEIR CHRONOLOGICAL AGE,

8170
05:35:47,620 --> 05:35:50,489
THIS INITIAL TIFER SUPPORTS TWO

8171
05:35:50,489 --> 05:35:53,426
NETWORKS TO IDENTIFY AND FOLLOW

8172
05:35:53,426 --> 05:35:55,327
COGNITIVE SUPER AGERS AND

8173
05:35:55,327 --> 05:35:56,962
CONDUCT RESEARCH ACROSS MULTIPLE

8174
05:35:56,962 --> 05:36:00,599
SITES ON ADULTS 85 YEARS AND

8175
05:36:00,599 --> 05:36:01,901
OLDER WITH COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE

8176
05:36:01,901 --> 05:36:04,303
SIMILAR TO THOSE 20 TO 30 YEARS

8177
05:36:04,303 --> 05:36:05,304
YOUNGER THAN THEM.

8178
05:36:05,304 --> 05:36:07,139
ALTHOUGH THESE COGNITIVE SUPER

8179
05:36:07,139 --> 05:36:08,808
AGERS ARE BELIEVED TO CONSTITUTE

8180
05:36:08,808 --> 05:36:13,179
A VERY SMALL MINORITY OF THE

8181
05:36:13,179 --> 05:36:15,481
POPULATION, THEY REPRESENT AN

8182
05:36:15,481 --> 05:36:16,148
UNPARALLELED RESOURCE FOR US TO

8183
05:36:16,148 --> 05:36:19,318
BE ABLE TO STUDY THE BEHAVIORAL,

8184
05:36:19,318 --> 05:36:21,053
ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH, NEURAL

8185
05:36:21,053 --> 05:36:23,489
AND GENETIC PROFILES OF OLDER

8186
05:36:23,489 --> 05:36:25,024
INDIVIDUALS THAT LEAD TO

8187
05:36:25,024 --> 05:36:26,859
SUPERIOR COGNITIVE AND BRAIN

8188
05:36:26,859 --> 05:36:31,997
FUNCTION IN ADVANCED AGE.

8189
05:36:31,997 --> 05:36:33,999
SO LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT THIS

8190
05:36:33,999 --> 05:36:34,633
YEAR'S SUMMIT.

8191
05:36:34,633 --> 05:36:36,502
SO SUMMIT FOUR TOOK PLACE IN

8192
05:36:36,502 --> 05:36:38,604
MARCH OF THIS YEAR, AND FFS

8193
05:36:38,604 --> 05:36:39,939
FOCUSED ON PRECISION DAIRK AND

8194
05:36:39,939 --> 05:36:41,740
IT WAS FOCUSED ON PRECISION

8195
05:36:41,740 --> 05:36:43,609
AGING AND BRAIN HEALTH, EXPLORED

8196
05:36:43,609 --> 05:36:46,879
AGE RELATED COGNITIVE CHANGE,

8197
05:36:46,879 --> 05:36:48,314
FOIKSING ON INDIVIDUAL

8198
05:36:48,314 --> 05:36:49,048
DIFFERENCES AND THE DEVELOPMENT

8199
05:36:49,048 --> 05:36:51,016
OF PERSONAL BIASED APPROACHES

8200
05:36:51,016 --> 05:36:52,017
FOR NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE OR

8201
05:36:52,017 --> 05:36:53,486
GAINING COGNITIVE HEALTH.

8202
05:36:53,486 --> 05:36:56,122
THE SUMMIT WAS COMPRISED OF SIX

8203
05:36:56,122 --> 05:36:57,890
SESSIONS WHICH I WILL BRIEFLY

8204
05:36:57,890 --> 05:37:01,060
DISCUSS AND HIGHLIGHT SHORTLY.

8205
05:37:01,060 --> 05:37:02,695
BUT THERE WILL ALSO BE A SPECIAL

8206
05:37:02,695 --> 05:37:04,096
ISSUE WITH MORE IN DEPTH

8207
05:37:04,096 --> 05:37:05,531
ARTICLES RELATED TO EACH SESSION

8208
05:37:05,531 --> 05:37:07,166
THAT WILL BE PUBLISHED IN THE

8209
05:37:07,166 --> 05:37:09,268
NAWR OH BIOLOGY OF AGING.

8210
05:37:09,268 --> 05:37:10,803
IN THE INTERIM, I DO ENCOURAGE

8211
05:37:10,803 --> 05:37:12,338
YOU TO VISIT OUR WEBSITE AND

8212
05:37:12,338 --> 05:37:15,074
REVIEW OUR EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND

8213
05:37:15,074 --> 05:37:16,475
SESSION VIDEO RECORDINGS FOR

8214
05:37:16,475 --> 05:37:18,677
MORE DETAILED INFORMATION.

8215
05:37:18,677 --> 05:37:20,412
AND THERE IS A QR CODE THERE

8216
05:37:20,412 --> 05:37:24,350
THAT WILL TAKE YOU TO OUR SITE.

8217
05:37:24,350 --> 05:37:26,785
SO NOW I'LL JUST START BY GIVING

8218
05:37:26,785 --> 05:37:28,454
SOME BRIEF HIGHLIGHTS FROM EACH

8219
05:37:28,454 --> 05:37:30,055
SESSION, STARTING WITH SESSION

8220
05:37:30,055 --> 05:37:31,724
ONE, WHICH WAS THE BLOOD,

8221
05:37:31,724 --> 05:37:34,226
METABOLISM AND SYSTEMIC

8222
05:37:34,226 --> 05:37:34,627
ENVIRONMENT.

8223
05:37:34,627 --> 05:37:37,062
IN THIS SESSION, SPEAKERS

8224
05:37:37,062 --> 05:37:38,631
EMPHASIZED THAT BECAUSE BRAIN

8225
05:37:38,631 --> 05:37:41,667
HEALTH AND BODY HEALTH ARE

8226
05:37:41,667 --> 05:37:42,902
INTRICATELY LINKED, IMPROVEMENTS

8227
05:37:42,902 --> 05:37:45,571
IN LIFESTYLE FACTORS ALSO MAY

8228
05:37:45,571 --> 05:37:47,339
BENEFITED COGNITION AS

8229
05:37:47,339 --> 05:37:48,774
INDIVIDUALS AGE.

8230
05:37:48,774 --> 05:37:50,209
HIGHLIGHTS FROM THIS SESSION

8231
05:37:50,209 --> 05:37:52,144
INCLUDED RESEARCH THAT SHOWED

8232
05:37:52,144 --> 05:37:54,046
LEVELS OF SEVERAL INFLAMMATORY

8233
05:37:54,046 --> 05:37:56,949
PROTEINS INCREASE IN THE BRAIN

8234
05:37:56,949 --> 05:37:58,817
WITH AGE AND THAT HIGHER

8235
05:37:58,817 --> 05:38:00,152
ESTROGEN LEVELS DURING PREGNANCY

8236
05:38:00,152 --> 05:38:02,688
CAN LEAD TO INCREASED BRAIN

8237
05:38:02,688 --> 05:38:05,191
FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY.

8238
05:38:05,191 --> 05:38:06,859
SAY KEY TAKE AWAY FOR THIS

8239
05:38:06,859 --> 05:38:08,694
SESSION IS THAT FUTURE RESEARCH

8240
05:38:08,694 --> 05:38:10,763
INTO SPECIFIC MECHANISMS BY

8241
05:38:10,763 --> 05:38:12,965
WHICH PLASMA PROTEIN AND HORMONE

8242
05:38:12,965 --> 05:38:15,734
LEVELS AFFECT BRAIN FUNCTION MAY

8243
05:38:15,734 --> 05:38:18,137
HELP INFORM INDIVIDUALIZED

8244
05:38:18,137 --> 05:38:24,343
THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS.

8245
05:38:24,343 --> 05:38:25,911
SESSION TWO WAS THE STRUCTURAL

8246
05:38:25,911 --> 05:38:27,079
AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT.

8247
05:38:27,079 --> 05:38:28,814
IN THIS SESSION, SPEAKERS

8248
05:38:28,814 --> 05:38:31,050
ADDRESSED THE COGNITIVE EFFECTS

8249
05:38:31,050 --> 05:38:34,620
OF SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, THE

8250
05:38:34,620 --> 05:38:36,055
BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND

8251
05:38:36,055 --> 05:38:37,289
INTERPERSONAL SOCIAL

8252
05:38:37,289 --> 05:38:39,024
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH, ALL OF

8253
05:38:39,024 --> 05:38:40,226
WHICH MAY CONTRIBUTE TO

8254
05:38:40,226 --> 05:38:41,760
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES ACROSS

8255
05:38:41,760 --> 05:38:44,296
THE LIFE COURSE.

8256
05:38:44,296 --> 05:38:46,165
THE STETION HIGHLIGHTED THE NEED

8257
05:38:46,165 --> 05:38:46,932
FOR -- THE SESSION HIGHLIGHTED

8258
05:38:46,932 --> 05:38:49,335
THE NEED FOR FURTHER RESEARCH TO

8259
05:38:49,335 --> 05:38:50,436
DISENTANGLE THE IMASKTS

8260
05:38:50,436 --> 05:38:51,403
FREQUENTLY INTERSECTING SOCIAL

8261
05:38:51,403 --> 05:38:54,373
AND EXPERIENTIAL FACTORS ON

8262
05:38:54,373 --> 05:38:56,342
INDIVIDUAL COGNITIVE HEALTH

8263
05:38:56,342 --> 05:38:57,876
OUTCOMES, SHOWING HOW STRESSORS

8264
05:38:57,876 --> 05:38:59,745
LIKE PERCEIVED DISCRIMINATION

8265
05:38:59,745 --> 05:39:03,115
AND LACK OF EQUITABLE ACCESS TO

8266
05:39:03,115 --> 05:39:06,385
EDUCATION CORRELATE WITH

8267
05:39:06,385 --> 05:39:07,119
INFLAMMATION IN THE BRAIN AS

8268
05:39:07,119 --> 05:39:10,889
WELL AS INCREASED DEPRESSIVE

8269
05:39:10,889 --> 05:39:12,224
SYMPTOMS.

8270
05:39:12,224 --> 05:39:14,393
AND WHILE RESILIENCE PATHWAYS

8271
05:39:14,393 --> 05:39:15,828
APPEAR TO BE PROTECTIVE OF

8272
05:39:15,828 --> 05:39:18,430
MEMORY FUNCTION IN CONTEXT TO

8273
05:39:18,430 --> 05:39:19,965
THESE STRESSORS.

8274
05:39:19,965 --> 05:39:22,167
KEY TAKE AWAYS WERE THAT

8275
05:39:22,167 --> 05:39:23,135
IMPROVING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF

8276
05:39:23,135 --> 05:39:26,105
THESE FACTORS CAN INFORM POLICY

8277
05:39:26,105 --> 05:39:29,608
AS WELL AS NEIGHBORHOOD LEVEL

8278
05:39:29,608 --> 05:39:29,942
INTERVENTIONS.

8279
05:39:29,942 --> 05:39:32,711
SESSION THREE WAS THE GENETIC

8280
05:39:32,711 --> 05:39:33,012
ENVIRONMENT.

8281
05:39:33,012 --> 05:39:35,080
THIS SESSION FOCUSED ON THE ROLE

8282
05:39:35,080 --> 05:39:37,416
OF SPECIFIC CHROMOSOMES, GENES,

8283
05:39:37,416 --> 05:39:39,485
AND PROTEINS IN SHAPING

8284
05:39:39,485 --> 05:39:44,290
COGNITIVE AGING AND DISEASE.

8285
05:39:44,290 --> 05:39:45,424
RESEARCH PRESENTED HIGHLIGHTED

8286
05:39:45,424 --> 05:39:47,259
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN COGNITIVE

8287
05:39:47,259 --> 05:39:48,761
DECLINE AND GENE EXPRESSION

8288
05:39:48,761 --> 05:39:51,263
THROUGHOUT NEURONAL CELLS AND ON

8289
05:39:51,263 --> 05:39:51,964
THE X CHROMOSOME.

8290
05:39:51,964 --> 05:39:54,500
THE KEY TAKE AWAY BEING THAT

8291
05:39:54,500 --> 05:39:56,769
FURTHER RESEARCH ON SEX AND GENE

8292
05:39:56,769 --> 05:39:57,970
INTERACTIONS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO

8293
05:39:57,970 --> 05:40:00,406
THE DEVELOPMENT OF TARGETED AND

8294
05:40:00,406 --> 05:40:01,407
PERSONALIZED INTERVENTIONS TO

8295
05:40:01,407 --> 05:40:07,212
IMPROVE COGNITIVE HEALTH.

8296
05:40:07,212 --> 05:40:09,281
SESSION FOUR WAS THE CIRCUIT

8297
05:40:09,281 --> 05:40:09,581
ENVIRONMENT.

8298
05:40:09,581 --> 05:40:12,151
THIS SESSION EXAMINED HOW GENE

8299
05:40:12,151 --> 05:40:13,118
EXPRESSION, CELLULAR ACTIVITIES

8300
05:40:13,118 --> 05:40:15,087
AND BRAIN MORPHOLOGY CAN AFFECT

8301
05:40:15,087 --> 05:40:18,057
LEARNING, MEMORY AND NAVIGATION.

8302
05:40:18,057 --> 05:40:20,893
RESEARCH PRESENTED SHOWED HOW

8303
05:40:20,893 --> 05:40:23,162
AGING RESULTS IN LOSS OF

8304
05:40:23,162 --> 05:40:25,364
SYNAPTIC DENSITY AND

8305
05:40:25,364 --> 05:40:28,334
INCONSISTENCY IN SPATIAL FIRING

8306
05:40:28,334 --> 05:40:29,034
PATTERNS.

8307
05:40:29,034 --> 05:40:32,171
AND THAT IN BOTH HUMAN AND

8308
05:40:32,171 --> 05:40:36,208
ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS, UPREGULATION

8309
05:40:36,208 --> 05:40:38,410
OF THE PER 1 GENE, HIGHER LEVELS

8310
05:40:38,410 --> 05:40:41,146
OF ESTROGENS, AND CONSISTENCY IN

8311
05:40:41,146 --> 05:40:42,581
NEURONAL FIRING CORRESPOND WITH

8312
05:40:42,581 --> 05:40:44,283
BETTER ABILITY TO LEARN AND

8313
05:40:44,283 --> 05:40:45,651
REMEMBER SPATIAL ENVIRONMENTS IN

8314
05:40:45,651 --> 05:40:49,121
YOUNG INDIVIDUALS.

8315
05:40:49,121 --> 05:40:51,123
THE KEY TAKE AWAY IS THAT

8316
05:40:51,123 --> 05:40:52,291
FURTHER STUDIES CAN HELP

8317
05:40:52,291 --> 05:40:53,659
IDENTIFY OTHER GENES, THEIR

8318
05:40:53,659 --> 05:40:54,927
MECHANISM OF ACTION, AND

8319
05:40:54,927 --> 05:40:56,028
POSSIBLE INTERVENTIONS TO

8320
05:40:56,028 --> 05:41:01,934
PROTECT AGAINST AGE-RELATED

8321
05:41:01,934 --> 05:41:02,167
DECLINE.

8322
05:41:02,167 --> 05:41:04,770
SESSION FIVE WAS COMORBIDITIES

8323
05:41:04,770 --> 05:41:06,538
AND THE SLEEP ENVIRONMENT, AND

8324
05:41:06,538 --> 05:41:07,973
THIS SESSION SPEAKERS EXPLORED

8325
05:41:07,973 --> 05:41:12,010
THE IMPORTANCE OF SLEEP,

8326
05:41:12,010 --> 05:41:13,946
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND

8327
05:41:13,946 --> 05:41:15,381
DEPRESSION AND RISK FOR

8328
05:41:15,381 --> 05:41:17,349
COGNITIVE DECLINE AND DEMENTIA,

8329
05:41:17,349 --> 05:41:19,218
HIGHLIGHTING THE CENTRALLY ROLE

8330
05:41:19,218 --> 05:41:20,886
THAT SLEEP PLAYS IN LEARNING AND

8331
05:41:20,886 --> 05:41:22,187
MEMORY BY HELPING CLEAR THE

8332
05:41:22,187 --> 05:41:24,056
BRAIN OF MISS FOLDED PROTEINS

8333
05:41:24,056 --> 05:41:26,892
AND OTHER DEBRIS THAT COULD LEAD

8334
05:41:26,892 --> 05:41:28,394
TO NEURODEGENERATION.

8335
05:41:28,394 --> 05:41:29,728
THE KEY TAKE AWAY FROM THIS

8336
05:41:29,728 --> 05:41:31,797
SESSION IS THAT FUTURE STUDIES

8337
05:41:31,797 --> 05:41:34,333
THAT PROBE HOW COMORBIDITIES AND

8338
05:41:34,333 --> 05:41:35,834
SLEEP AFFECT RISK FOR COGNITIVE

8339
05:41:35,834 --> 05:41:37,403
DECLINE NEED TO TAKE PLACE IN

8340
05:41:37,403 --> 05:41:43,175
EARLY AND MIDLIFE.

8341
05:41:43,175 --> 05:41:45,444
AND THE FINAL AND SIXTH SESSION,

8342
05:41:45,444 --> 05:41:47,379
STUDY DESIGN AND INTERVENTION

8343
05:41:47,379 --> 05:41:48,714
ENVIRONMENT, PRESENTERS DELVED

8344
05:41:48,714 --> 05:41:51,750
INTO NOVEL METHODS FOR DELAYING

8345
05:41:51,750 --> 05:41:53,051
COGNITIVE DECLINE AND REVIEWED

8346
05:41:53,051 --> 05:41:55,354
THE RESULTS FROM SEVERAL RECENT

8347
05:41:55,354 --> 05:41:56,789
INTERVENTION TRIALS,

8348
05:41:56,789 --> 05:41:57,656
HIGHLIGHTING THAT TREATMENT

8349
05:41:57,656 --> 05:41:59,291
RESPONSES WITHIN INTERVENTIONS

8350
05:41:59,291 --> 05:42:00,025
ARE COMPLEX.

8351
05:42:00,025 --> 05:42:01,493
I THINK WE'VE SEEN THAT

8352
05:42:01,493 --> 05:42:03,896
HIGHLIGHTED IN THE AD SUMMIT.

8353
05:42:03,896 --> 05:42:05,998
A KEY TAKE AWAY IS THAT THE USE

8354
05:42:05,998 --> 05:42:08,500
OF METHODOLOGICAL DESIGNS LIKE

8355
05:42:08,500 --> 05:42:10,903
DIGITAL TWINS AND OTHER AI BASED

8356
05:42:10,903 --> 05:42:12,771
METHODS MAY HELP RESEARCHERS

8357
05:42:12,771 --> 05:42:15,307
DESIGN MULTIFACTOR INTERVENTIONS

8358
05:42:15,307 --> 05:42:17,176
THAT TARGET INDIVIDUALS BASED ON

8359
05:42:17,176 --> 05:42:21,146
GENETIC AND LIFESTYLE RISK

8360
05:42:21,146 --> 05:42:21,780
FACTORS.

8361
05:42:21,780 --> 05:42:23,115
AGAIN, I THANK YOU FOR THE

8362
05:42:23,115 --> 05:42:24,516
OPPORTUNITY TO BE ABLE TO SHARE

8363
05:42:24,516 --> 05:42:26,285
SOME OF THE KEY TAKE AWAYS AND

8364
05:42:26,285 --> 05:42:28,253
HIGHLIGHTS FROM OUR COGNITIVE

8365
05:42:28,253 --> 05:42:29,087
AGING SUMMIT FOUR THAT TOOK

8366
05:42:29,087 --> 05:42:31,290
PLACE IN MARCH OF THIS IMREER,

8367
05:42:31,290 --> 05:42:32,858
AND AGAIN -- OF THIS YEAR, AND

8368
05:42:32,858 --> 05:42:34,593
AGAIN, I ENCOURAGE YOU TO VISIT

8369
05:42:34,593 --> 05:42:36,895
OUR WEBSITE WHICH YOU CAN SEE

8370
05:42:36,895 --> 05:42:38,530
TALKS FROM THE SESSIONS AND ALSO

8371
05:42:38,530 --> 05:42:41,266
SEE UPDATES ONCE THE SPECIAL

8372
05:42:41,266 --> 05:42:43,469
ISSUE IN NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING

8373
05:42:43,469 --> 05:42:52,444
HAS BEEN RELEASED.

8374
05:42:52,444 --> 05:42:53,979
>> THANK YOU, ERIN.

8375
05:42:53,979 --> 05:42:57,616
WELL, AND FINALLY, I AM AT A

8376
05:42:57,616 --> 05:42:58,750
LOSS FOR WORDS.

8377
05:42:58,750 --> 05:43:00,219
THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN VERY OFTEN,

8378
05:43:00,219 --> 05:43:00,986
AS YOU KNOW.

8379
05:43:00,986 --> 05:43:03,956
BUT FROM ALL OF US AT THE NIA,

8380
05:43:03,956 --> 05:43:07,559
FROM ALL OF MY COLLEAGUES WHO

8381
05:43:07,559 --> 05:43:09,561
HAVE CONTRIBUTED AND MADE THE

8382
05:43:09,561 --> 05:43:11,196
SUMMIT POSSIBLE, NOT JUST THE

8383
05:43:11,196 --> 05:43:13,065
SUMMIT POSSIBLE, FOR ALL OF US

8384
05:43:13,065 --> 05:43:16,668
AT THE NIA, PARTICULARLY MY

8385
05:43:16,668 --> 05:43:17,769
COLLEAGUES WHO DEVELOPED THE

8386
05:43:17,769 --> 05:43:19,538
INITIATIVES THAT LED TO THE

8387
05:43:19,538 --> 05:43:22,808
PROGRAMS, THAT LED TO THE

8388
05:43:22,808 --> 05:43:24,209
PROGRESS YOU HEARD ABOUT IN THE

8389
05:43:24,209 --> 05:43:26,612
LAST THREE DAYS, AN ENORMOUS

8390
05:43:26,612 --> 05:43:29,448
GRATITUDE TO ALL OF YOU.

8391
05:43:29,448 --> 05:43:31,984
ALL OF THE SUMMIT SPEAKERS,

8392
05:43:31,984 --> 05:43:34,887
PANELISTS, CO-CHAIRS, WHO ARE

8393
05:43:34,887 --> 05:43:36,021
GOING TO CONTINUE TO WORK OVER

8394
05:43:36,021 --> 05:43:37,890
THE NEXT FEW WEEKS TO CONTINUE

8395
05:43:37,890 --> 05:43:41,260
TO REFINE THE GAPS AND

8396
05:43:41,260 --> 05:43:43,161
OPPORTUNITIES AND FINALIZE THE

8397
05:43:43,161 --> 05:43:45,597
PRODUCT FROM THIS SUMMIT THAT WE

8398
05:43:45,597 --> 05:43:49,067
WILL THEN TAKE AND TRANSLATE

8399
05:43:49,067 --> 05:43:51,603
INTO TACTICAL STEPS AND BUILD IT

8400
05:43:51,603 --> 05:43:53,238
AND REFRESH THE RESEARCH

8401
05:43:53,238 --> 05:43:56,508
FRAMEWORK FOR ADRD THAT WILL BE

8402
05:43:56,508 --> 05:43:59,478
POINTED TO THE CONTINUED

8403
05:43:59,478 --> 05:44:02,180
EVOLUTION OF PRECISION MEDICINE

8404
05:44:02,180 --> 05:44:04,816
RESEARCH ENTERPRISE WITH THE

8405
05:44:04,816 --> 05:44:06,919
PARTICIPANTS, PATIENTS AND THEIR

8406
05:44:06,919 --> 05:44:08,754
FAMILIES AND ITS EPICENTER.

8407
05:44:08,754 --> 05:44:12,057
A SPECIAL DEBT OF GRATITUDE TO

8408
05:44:12,057 --> 05:44:15,527
THE PARTICIPANTS IN THE PANEL,

8409
05:44:15,527 --> 05:44:17,195
PARTICIPANTS AS DIRECT PARTNERS

8410
05:44:17,195 --> 05:44:17,863
OF THE RESEARCH.

8411
05:44:17,863 --> 05:44:19,831
THAT FOR ME WAS THE SUMMIT OF

8412
05:44:19,831 --> 05:44:22,234
THE SUMMIT, IF I CAN PICK A

8413
05:44:22,234 --> 05:44:22,501
FAVORITE.

8414
05:44:22,501 --> 05:44:24,970
AND AGAIN, THANK YOU ALL.

8415
05:44:24,970 --> 05:44:27,072
SAFE TRAVEL HOME.

8416
05:44:27,072 --> 05:44:28,974
WE REST TONIGHT, BUT TOMORROW,

8417
05:44:28,974 --> 05:44:29,641
WE CONTINUE.

8418
05:44:29,641 --> 05:44:39,818
THANK YOU.

8419
05:44:45,090 --> 05:44:55,300
[3:32 P.M. EST]

8420
06:42:13,301 --> 06:42:13,935
 RESISTENT MOUSE 

8421
06:42:13,935 --> 06:42:16,805
AND START TO SEE INCREASE IN 

8422
06:42:16,805 --> 06:42:19,875
MICE IN ALLERGEN ABSORPTION 

8423
06:42:19,875 --> 06:42:22,077
NAÏVE NOT ALLERGIC MICE AND IS 

8424
06:42:22,077 --> 06:42:23,478
STEADY STATE AND WHAT IS 

8425
06:42:23,478 --> 06:42:25,747
INTERESTING IS IF YOU TAKE 

8426
06:42:25,747 --> 06:42:27,783
SUSCEPTIBLE MICE HERE WITH SILO 

8427
06:42:27,783 --> 06:42:30,252
STATIN AND WE HAVE IMPAIRED 

8428
06:42:30,252 --> 06:42:31,953
FUNCTION AND SILO STATIN DIDN'T 

8429
06:42:31,953 --> 06:42:33,889
DO MUCH AND IS CONSISTENT ADDING

8430
06:42:33,889 --> 06:42:36,258
UP TO THIS WORKING MODEL THAT 

8431
06:42:36,258 --> 06:42:38,226
SENSITIZED TOLERANT AND 

8432
06:42:38,226 --> 06:42:40,362
RESISTENT GROUP OVER HERE IN RED

8433
06:42:40,362 --> 06:42:43,065
HAD AN OVERACTIVE OR HIGHLY 

8434
06:42:43,065 --> 06:42:45,534
ACTIVE D PEP 1 THAT IS CLEARING 

8435
06:42:45,534 --> 06:42:48,336
ACTIVE LEUKO TRYINES BAD ACTORS 

8436
06:42:48,336 --> 06:42:52,240
IN THE GUT REDUCING ABSORPTION 

8437
06:42:52,240 --> 06:42:56,511
AND WHAT IS EXCITING IS LEUKO 

8438
06:42:56,511 --> 06:42:57,279
TRYINES ARE POTENTIALLY PRESENT 

8439
06:42:57,279 --> 06:43:02,050
NOT AT STEADY STATE AND ALLERGIC

8440
06:43:02,050 --> 06:43:03,251
REACTION AND SENSITIZATION AND 

8441
06:43:03,251 --> 06:43:04,753
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE GUT AND 

8442
06:43:04,753 --> 06:43:08,557
ALLERGENS GETTING ACROSS AND NEW

8443
06:43:08,557 --> 06:43:10,625
WAYS TO THINK ABOUT THESE. 

8444
06:43:10,625 --> 06:43:12,928
AGAIN THOUGH THIS IS A FAIRLY 

8445
06:43:12,928 --> 06:43:14,996
DRUGGED PATHWAY IN HUMANS AND 

8446
06:43:14,996 --> 06:43:16,965
ALSO MEANT WE HAD A BUNCH OF 

8447
06:43:16,965 --> 06:43:19,067
TOOLS AT DISPOSAL TO MESS WITH 

8448
06:43:19,067 --> 06:43:21,136
THIS IN MICE AND SEE DO WE ALTAR

8449
06:43:21,136 --> 06:43:24,873
WHAT WE THINK WE ARE ALTARING?  

8450
06:43:24,873 --> 06:43:26,608
ONE DRUG IS THIS WIDELY USED 

8451
06:43:26,608 --> 06:43:29,444
DRUG IN PATIENTS WITH A-S MA AND

8452
06:43:29,444 --> 06:43:32,814
IT HITS ONE OF THE TWO RECEPTORS

8453
06:43:32,814 --> 06:43:36,184
OF THE LEUKO TRYINES AND TO OUR 

8454
06:43:36,184 --> 06:43:39,387
DISMAY WHEN WE USE MONTI LEUKAS 

8455
06:43:39,387 --> 06:43:40,956
WE DIDN'T CHANGE THE RESPONSE 

8456
06:43:40,956 --> 06:43:43,725
WHATSOEVER TO ANAFILL AXIS THAT 

8457
06:43:43,725 --> 06:43:45,927
IS TEMPERATURE DROP AND ANAFILL 

8458
06:43:45,927 --> 06:43:48,864
AXIS SCORE AND WE ARE TAKING 

8459
06:43:48,864 --> 06:43:51,299
SUSCEPTIBLE MICE WITH IMPAIRED D

8460
06:43:51,299 --> 06:43:54,302
PEP 1 AND HEIGHTENED LEUKO 

8461
06:43:54,302 --> 06:43:56,938
TRYINES GIVING INHIBITOR DIDN'T 

8462
06:43:56,938 --> 06:43:58,573
SEEM TO PROTECT AND SCRATCHING 

8463
06:43:58,573 --> 06:44:00,142
HEADS ABOUT THIS FOR A WHILE AND

8464
06:44:00,142 --> 06:44:01,710
REALIZE WHAT WE ARE DOING IS 

8465
06:44:01,710 --> 06:44:03,378
HITTING ONE OF THE TWO RECEPTORS

8466
06:44:03,378 --> 06:44:05,647
AND MAY HAVE REDUNDANCY HERE AND

8467
06:44:05,647 --> 06:44:08,216
WHAT WE THINK IS GOING ON AND WE

8468
06:44:08,216 --> 06:44:09,518
WENT UPSTREAM AND USED A 

8469
06:44:09,518 --> 06:44:10,952
DIFFERENT DRUG THAT IS 

8470
06:44:10,952 --> 06:44:14,389
CLINICALLY USED NOT WIDELY USED 

8471
06:44:14,389 --> 06:44:17,659
ANYMORE AND WE COULD ACTUALLY 

8472
06:44:17,659 --> 06:44:18,627
INHIBIT PRODUCTION OF THESE 

8473
06:44:18,627 --> 06:44:20,162
WHICH IS KNOCK THE WHOLE THING 

8474
06:44:20,162 --> 06:44:22,631
OUT AND DID THAT AND IT IS 

8475
06:44:22,631 --> 06:44:23,999
REALLY EXCITING AND COMPLETELY 

8476
06:44:23,999 --> 06:44:26,601
WIPED OUT RESPONSE AND NO 

8477
06:44:26,601 --> 06:44:29,671
ANAFILL AXIS IN SUSCEPTIBLE MICE

8478
06:44:29,671 --> 06:44:32,741
AND EXCITING WE LOST ALLERGEN 

8479
06:44:32,741 --> 06:44:36,511
ABSORPTION AND ARGUED PATHWAY 

8480
06:44:36,511 --> 06:44:40,148
THAT IS REGULATING THE RESPONSE 

8481
06:44:40,148 --> 06:44:43,451
AND SERUM UPTAKE AND THEREBY 

8482
06:44:43,451 --> 06:44:46,421
TRIGGERING OF SUBMUCOSAL MASS 

8483
06:44:46,421 --> 06:44:48,857
CELLS AND ANAFILL AXIS RESPONSE 

8484
06:44:48,857 --> 06:44:50,659
AND EXCITING PROOF OF PRINCIPLE 

8485
06:44:50,659 --> 06:44:53,094
TYPE OF EXPERIMENT IF YOU BYPASS

8486
06:44:53,094 --> 06:44:56,898
GUT AND GIVE PEANUT TO MICE AND 

8487
06:44:56,898 --> 06:44:58,233
PRE-TREATED THEM WITH SDIELUTIN 

8488
06:44:58,233 --> 06:45:01,469
NOW THEY RESPOND IT IS NOT JUST 

8489
06:45:01,469 --> 06:45:04,573
AN INHIBITOR OF ANAFILL AXIS 

8490
06:45:04,573 --> 06:45:06,441
RESPONSE AND WHAT IT IS REALLY 

8491
06:45:06,441 --> 06:45:10,212
DOING IS REGULATING HOW MUCH 

8492
06:45:10,212 --> 06:45:11,446
ALLERGEN GETS ACROSS TO MASS 

8493
06:45:11,446 --> 06:45:13,081
CELLS AND IS EXCITING AND WANT 

8494
06:45:13,081 --> 06:45:14,716
TO UNDERSTAND IS THIS TRUE IN 

8495
06:45:14,716 --> 06:45:15,517
HUMANS?  

8496
06:45:15,517 --> 06:45:18,620
I WILL LEAVE YOU WITH KIND OF 

8497
06:45:18,620 --> 06:45:19,554
TANTALIZING LEADS AND ARE 

8498
06:45:19,554 --> 06:45:21,523
WORKING ON THIS NOW AND WHERE WE

8499
06:45:21,523 --> 06:45:23,959
I THINK NEED TO GO AND THERE HAS

8500
06:45:23,959 --> 06:45:25,760
ACTUALLY BEEN DATA OUT THERE FOR

8501
06:45:25,760 --> 06:45:28,597
A LONG TIME AND KEPT SEEING 

8502
06:45:28,597 --> 06:45:30,632
ALLERGEN ABSORPTION DIFFERENCES 

8503
06:45:30,632 --> 06:45:32,634
IN MICE LOOKED BACK THIS SEEMS 

8504
06:45:32,634 --> 06:45:34,703
WEIRD WHY DO YOU WANT ALLERGENS 

8505
06:45:34,703 --> 06:45:37,572
IN TACT WHEN MEASURING IN SERUM 

8506
06:45:37,572 --> 06:45:40,675
WE ARE MEASURING IN TACT 

8507
06:45:40,675 --> 06:45:43,111
ALLERGENS NOT DIGESTING UP FOR 

8508
06:45:43,111 --> 06:45:44,446
NUTRIENTS YOU ARE DOING SOME OF 

8509
06:45:44,446 --> 06:45:47,649
THAT AND GETTING ATTACKED 

8510
06:45:47,649 --> 06:45:49,351
ALLERGENS ACROSS AND MASS CELL 

8511
06:45:49,351 --> 06:45:51,620
AND IGE HAS TO RECOGNIZE THAT 

8512
06:45:51,620 --> 06:45:52,854
STRUCTURE AND IF YOU LOOK BACK 

8513
06:45:52,854 --> 06:45:54,623
EVEN IN THE 20S AND 30S THAT 

8514
06:45:54,623 --> 06:45:56,324
PEOPLE HAVE BEEN DESCRIBING THIS

8515
06:45:56,324 --> 06:45:58,326
PATHWAY IN HUMANS USING ALL 

8516
06:45:58,326 --> 06:46:00,195
SORTS OF WEIRD THINGS IF YOU 

8517
06:46:00,195 --> 06:46:02,497
WANT A FUN AND INTERESTING 

8518
06:46:02,497 --> 06:46:03,898
BIZARRE READ I HIGHLY RECOMMEND 

8519
06:46:03,898 --> 06:46:05,467
READING THIS ONE AND WHERE 

8520
06:46:05,467 --> 06:46:07,535
AUTHORS THAT ACTUALLY HAVE A 

8521
06:46:07,535 --> 06:46:08,637
STRIKING SIMILARITY TO PATIENTS 

8522
06:46:08,637 --> 06:46:12,240
ALSO TESTED IN THE STUDY AND 

8523
06:46:12,240 --> 06:46:16,211
INGESTED TISSUE FIBRINO GIN AND 

8524
06:46:16,211 --> 06:46:17,646
CLOTTING FACTOR AND MEASURED 

8525
06:46:17,646 --> 06:46:19,414
CLOTTING TIME AND SHOWED IT 

8526
06:46:19,414 --> 06:46:20,548
CHANGES IN A SLIGHTLY 

8527
06:46:20,548 --> 06:46:23,418
FRIGHTENING WAY AND YOU CAN DO 

8528
06:46:23,418 --> 06:46:26,988
THIS WITH OVALBUMI AND WITH 

8529
06:46:26,988 --> 06:46:29,391
PEANUT AND DONE ALL SORTS OF 

8530
06:46:29,391 --> 06:46:31,159
THINGS AND ARGUES PATHWAY IS 

8531
06:46:31,159 --> 06:46:32,861
OPERATIONAL IN HUMANS AS WELL 

8532
06:46:32,861 --> 06:46:34,663
AND FUN TO SPECULATE AS TO WHY 

8533
06:46:34,663 --> 06:46:36,197
AND HAVE THOUGHTS IF ANYBODY 

8534
06:46:36,197 --> 06:46:37,699
WANTS TO TALK ABOUT IT AT THE 

8535
06:46:37,699 --> 06:46:40,669
END AND WHAT IS EXCITING IS 

8536
06:46:40,669 --> 06:46:42,203
TAKING D PEP 1 WE DESCRIBED IN 

8537
06:46:42,203 --> 06:46:44,039
THE MICE AND LINE IT UP WITH 

8538
06:46:44,039 --> 06:46:45,907
HUMANS AND ACTUALLY THE HUMANS 

8539
06:46:45,907 --> 06:46:47,642
HAVE THE VERSION THAT MATCHES 

8540
06:46:47,642 --> 06:46:49,277
VERY MUCH THE SENSITIVE GROUP 

8541
06:46:49,277 --> 06:46:51,646
AND ACTUALLY IN MOST OF THE 

8542
06:46:51,646 --> 06:46:53,248
STUDIES, MOST PATIENTS -- 

8543
06:46:53,248 --> 06:46:54,616
ACTUALLY THESE ARE HEALTHY 

8544
06:46:54,616 --> 06:46:58,086
VOLUNTEERS NO THE JUST ALLERGIC 

8545
06:46:58,086 --> 06:47:00,388
PATIENTS ABSORB ALLERGENS AND 

8546
06:47:00,388 --> 06:47:03,892
THIS IS NORMAL STEADY STATE AND 

8547
06:47:03,892 --> 06:47:05,794
B6 MICE ARE WEIRD MICE HERE 

8548
06:47:05,794 --> 06:47:07,729
POINT MUTATION RESULTING IN 

8549
06:47:07,729 --> 06:47:09,564
CHANGE IN D PEP 1 ACTIVITY. 

8550
06:47:09,564 --> 06:47:12,467
THERE IS ACTUALLY A PRETTY 

8551
06:47:12,467 --> 06:47:13,902
STRIKING HOMOLOGY HERE. 

8552
06:47:13,902 --> 06:47:15,603
THIS IS THE MODEL I WILL SUM UP 

8553
06:47:15,603 --> 06:47:15,904
HERE. 

8554
06:47:15,904 --> 06:47:17,605
I WOULD LOVE TO HAVE A 

8555
06:47:17,605 --> 06:47:18,640
DISCUSSION AND QUESTIONS. 

8556
06:47:18,640 --> 06:47:22,410
SO WE THINK WHAT IS HAPPENING IN

8557
06:47:22,410 --> 06:47:24,879
SENSITIZED TOLERANCE STATE IS 

8558
06:47:24,879 --> 06:47:28,383
POTENTIALLY THERE IS A LOW LEVEL

8559
06:47:28,383 --> 06:47:30,618
OF LEUKO TRINES; RIGHT?  

8560
06:47:30,618 --> 06:47:32,420
A LITTLE C AND A LITTLE D AND 

8561
06:47:32,420 --> 06:47:35,657
NOT A LOT AND REGULATING HOW 

8562
06:47:35,657 --> 06:47:38,126
MUCH ALEARTHINS GET ACROSS AND 

8563
06:47:38,126 --> 06:47:41,663
HAVING IGE LOADED ON A MASS CELL

8564
06:47:41,663 --> 06:47:44,065
ALEARTHINS CAN'T GET ACROSS AND 

8565
06:47:44,065 --> 06:47:45,600
TAKEN UP IN TACT AND IN TACT 

8566
06:47:45,600 --> 06:47:47,669
PART OF THIS IS IMPORTANT AS A 

8567
06:47:47,669 --> 06:47:50,338
WHOLE PEANUT AND PROTEIN 

8568
06:47:50,338 --> 06:47:53,141
EPITOPES NEEDING TO BE 

8569
06:47:53,141 --> 06:47:54,609
RECOGNIZED BY ANTIBODIES AND 

8570
06:47:54,609 --> 06:47:56,678
WHAT HAPPENS IS THEY HAVE BEEN 

8571
06:47:56,678 --> 06:47:59,013
SENSITIZED AND NOW HAVE A LOT 

8572
06:47:59,013 --> 06:48:03,184
MORE ASIS ENNO LEUKO TRYINES 

8573
06:48:03,184 --> 06:48:05,019
WHETHER D PEP 1 OR IN MICE AND 

8574
06:48:05,019 --> 06:48:08,056
PART OF THE PATHWAY AND NOT JUST

8575
06:48:08,056 --> 06:48:11,192
D PEP 1 AND ALLERGENS GET ACROSS

8576
06:48:11,192 --> 06:48:12,727
AND MAGIC ARROW HERE AND 

8577
06:48:12,727 --> 06:48:14,262
FIGURING OUT CELLULAR MECHANISM 

8578
06:48:14,262 --> 06:48:16,431
FOR THIS DON'T THINK IT IS A 

8579
06:48:16,431 --> 06:48:19,367
LEAKY GUT BUT ACTIVE PROCESS AND

8580
06:48:19,367 --> 06:48:23,371
NOW PEANUT GETS ACROSS AND 

8581
06:48:23,371 --> 06:48:25,874
ALLERGEN GET AS CROSS 

8582
06:48:25,874 --> 06:48:27,542
DEREGULATING MASS CELLS ENDING 

8583
06:48:27,542 --> 06:48:30,245
UP WITH ANAPHYLACTIC RESPONSE 

8584
06:48:30,245 --> 06:48:32,947
AND MEASURE PROCESS AND ARROW 

8585
06:48:32,947 --> 06:48:34,315
MEASURING WHAT IS IN THE BLOOD 

8586
06:48:34,315 --> 06:48:35,650
STREAM AND ONE OF THE MOST 

8587
06:48:35,650 --> 06:48:36,851
EXCITING THINGS I HAVE BEEN ABLE

8588
06:48:36,851 --> 06:48:40,121
TO DO BY MOVING TO MORJ WESTERN 

8589
06:48:40,121 --> 06:48:41,656
WHICH I'M EXCITED ABOUT IS PROOF

8590
06:48:41,656 --> 06:48:44,192
OF CONCEPT TRIAL THAT IS 

8591
06:48:44,192 --> 06:48:45,326
STARTING HOPEFULLY IN THE FALL 

8592
06:48:45,326 --> 06:48:47,562
AND DO A PROOF OF CONCEPT TRIAL 

8593
06:48:47,562 --> 06:48:51,032
IN HUMANS ASKING CAN WE MODULATE

8594
06:48:51,032 --> 06:48:53,368
ALLERGEN ABSORPTION IN SOMEONE 

8595
06:48:53,368 --> 06:48:56,304
WHO MAYBE HAS A FOOD ALEARTHY 

8596
06:48:56,304 --> 06:48:59,674
AND WON'T GET ALLERGEN AND DO 

8597
06:48:59,674 --> 06:49:02,210
REAL DEAL TEST CAN WE BLOCK 

8598
06:49:02,210 --> 06:49:04,279
ANAFILL AXIS UPTAKE INTO THE 

8599
06:49:04,279 --> 06:49:05,914
BLOOD STREAM.  PEOPLE HAVE BEEN 

8600
06:49:05,914 --> 06:49:07,615
DOING THIS IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

8601
06:49:07,615 --> 06:49:09,517
AND IS A TIME COURSE FROM A 

8602
06:49:09,517 --> 06:49:12,153
REALLY ELEGANT STUDY LOOKING AT 

8603
06:49:12,153 --> 06:49:14,489
ABSORPTION OF PEANUT ALLERGENS 

8604
06:49:14,489 --> 06:49:16,224
INTO THE BLOOD STREAM IN 

8605
06:49:16,224 --> 06:49:18,993
PATIENTS YOU CAN SEE HOW FAST IT

8606
06:49:18,993 --> 06:49:21,129
HAPPENS THIS IS 10 MINUTES HERE 

8607
06:49:21,129 --> 06:49:24,499
AND TWO DAYS OUT HERE AND MOST 

8608
06:49:24,499 --> 06:49:28,102
PEOPLE DO THIS AND CAN THEY 

8609
06:49:28,102 --> 06:49:29,704
ABSORB ALLERGENS INTO THE BLOOD 

8610
06:49:29,704 --> 06:49:33,575
STREAM AND DO THIS WITH OR 

8611
06:49:33,575 --> 06:49:35,410
WITHOUT TREATMENT AND GIVES 

8612
06:49:35,410 --> 06:49:38,112
ANGLE FOR THERAPEUTICALLY 

8613
06:49:38,112 --> 06:49:39,547
INTERVENING AND PREVENTING 

8614
06:49:39,547 --> 06:49:41,182
ANAFILL AXIS AND WITH THAT I 

8615
06:49:41,182 --> 06:49:43,585
WANT TO STOP AND THANK AMAZING 

8616
06:49:43,585 --> 06:49:45,954
GROUP THAT IS LAB PARTY STILL AT

8617
06:49:45,954 --> 06:49:47,822
YALE AND NORTHWESTERN AND IS THE

8618
06:49:47,822 --> 06:49:49,757
GROUP THAT GETS TOGETHER EVERY 

8619
06:49:49,757 --> 06:49:52,760
SUMMER IN CHICAGO IN BOTH SITES 

8620
06:49:52,760 --> 06:49:54,996
AND WORK TOGETHER AS A TEAM AND 

8621
06:49:54,996 --> 06:49:57,031
LAURA AND ELYSE IS AT YALE AND 

8622
06:49:57,031 --> 06:50:00,034
LAURA IS INCREDIBLE DEDICATED 

8623
06:50:00,034 --> 06:50:04,305
PHD WILLING TO TAKE ON THAT FOR 

8624
06:50:04,305 --> 06:50:06,741
GENETIC TEAM AND STUDIES AND 

8625
06:50:06,741 --> 06:50:09,944
DOING STUDIES AT TWO DIFFERENT 

8626
06:50:09,944 --> 06:50:10,578
INSTITUTIONS ALL HIGHLIGHTED 

8627
06:50:10,578 --> 06:50:13,948
HERE IN RED AND ARE AN 

8628
06:50:13,948 --> 06:50:15,450
INCREDIBLE GROUP AND WE HAVE HAD

8629
06:50:15,450 --> 06:50:17,819
HELP FROM A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT 

8630
06:50:17,819 --> 06:50:21,289
LABS AND WYLAN LAB AMAZING DOING

8631
06:50:21,289 --> 06:50:22,624
BEAUTIFUL WORK AT YALE LOOKING 

8632
06:50:22,624 --> 06:50:24,859
AT GUT IMMUNE SYSTEM TELLING US 

8633
06:50:24,859 --> 06:50:27,562
A LOT AND HELPED WITH A BIT OF 

8634
06:50:27,562 --> 06:50:29,631
STUDIES AND POINTING OUT THIS IS

8635
06:50:29,631 --> 06:50:31,566
HUSBAND ADAM MOVING TO 

8636
06:50:31,566 --> 06:50:32,934
NORTHWESTERN AND TOLD TRAINEES 

8637
06:50:32,934 --> 06:50:34,602
TODAY WE ARE ABLE TO HAVE A 

8638
06:50:34,602 --> 06:50:37,338
JOINT LAB SUPER FUN AND NEW 

8639
06:50:37,338 --> 06:50:38,640
SPACE WE MOVED INTO NOW MORE 

8640
06:50:38,640 --> 06:50:41,276
THAN A YEAR AGO AND IS A JOY TO 

8641
06:50:41,276 --> 06:50:42,944
REALLY BE ABLE TO DO THIS WORK 

8642
06:50:42,944 --> 06:50:44,312
WITH HIM. 

8643
06:50:44,312 --> 06:50:46,147
WE HAVE A NUMBER OF GREAT 

8644
06:50:46,147 --> 06:50:47,315
FUNDERS THAT REALLY HAVE STUCK 

8645
06:50:47,315 --> 06:50:49,517
WITH US WHILE DOING -- YOU KNOW,

8646
06:50:49,517 --> 06:50:51,819
WE WERE REALLY WRONG ABOUT IGA 

8647
06:50:51,819 --> 06:50:53,454
AT BEGINNING I THINK AND HAD TO 

8648
06:50:53,454 --> 06:50:55,390
COME BACK TO BASELINE SAYING 

8649
06:50:55,390 --> 06:50:57,158
WHAT ELSE COULD IT BE AND STUCK 

8650
06:50:57,158 --> 06:50:59,127
WITH US THROUGH ALL OF THAT AND 

8651
06:50:59,127 --> 06:51:01,296
INTERESTED IN THE NEW CENTER 

8652
06:51:01,296 --> 06:51:04,265
STARTING AT NORTHWESTERN Q.R. 

8653
06:51:04,265 --> 06:51:05,667
CODE CAN LEARN ABOUT WHO IS IN 

8654
06:51:05,667 --> 06:51:07,969
IT AND WHAT WE ARE DOG AND 

8655
06:51:07,969 --> 06:51:09,504
SHOUTOUT TO [INDISCERNIBLE] AT 

8656
06:51:09,504 --> 06:51:12,373
YALE AND CLASSMATE OF LAURA'S 

8657
06:51:12,373 --> 06:51:15,176
FROM DIFFERENT VANTAGE POINT 

8658
06:51:15,176 --> 06:51:18,146
STUMBLED ON SAME EXACT PATHWAY 

8659
06:51:18,146 --> 06:51:19,714
ALLERGEN ABSORPTION FROM 

8660
06:51:19,714 --> 06:51:21,816
DIFFERENT VANTAGE POINTS 

8661
06:51:21,816 --> 06:51:23,518
REGULATING ASPECTS OF ALLERGY 

8662
06:51:23,518 --> 06:51:25,353
AND COSIGNED PAPERS TOGETHER AND

8663
06:51:25,353 --> 06:51:28,222
FUN AND WONDERFUL SYNERGISTIC 

8664
06:51:28,222 --> 06:51:29,357
COLLABORATION BETWEEN OUR LAB 

8665
06:51:29,357 --> 06:51:30,558
AND THEIR LAB AND WITH THAT 

8666
06:51:30,558 --> 06:51:41,069
WOULD LOVE TO TAKE QUESTIONS. 

8667
06:51:50,378 --> 06:51:53,114
>> GREAT TALK.  IT IS
REALLY 

8668
06:51:53,114 --> 06:51:55,783
STRIKING HOW QUICKLY ALL OF THIS

8669
06:51:55,783 --> 06:51:57,552
HAPPENS AS YOU POINTED OUT A 

8670
06:51:57,552 --> 06:51:58,019
COUPLE TIMES. 

8671
06:51:58,019 --> 06:51:58,453
>> YEAH. 

8672
06:51:58,453 --> 06:52:00,054
>> HAS THAT MADE YOU
WONDER 

8673
06:52:00,054 --> 06:52:02,123
WHETHER EXPOSURE THAT HAPPENS IS

8674
06:52:02,123 --> 06:52:07,595
HAPPENING IN THE ORAL MUCOSA OR 

8675
06:52:07,595 --> 06:52:09,597
ES AFTER GAUS BEFORE IT GETS TO 

8676
06:52:09,597 --> 06:52:12,934
GUT AND LOOKING AT IT IN SALIVA 

8677
06:52:12,934 --> 06:52:13,601
OR TISSUES THERE. 

8678
06:52:13,601 --> 06:52:15,136
>> IT IS ABSOLUTELY A
PERFECT 

8679
06:52:15,136 --> 06:52:17,171
QUESTION AND IF YOU DON'T THINK 

8680
06:52:17,171 --> 06:52:19,874
ABOUT ALLERGY PEOPLE WITH FOOD 

8681
06:52:19,874 --> 06:52:22,076
ALLERGY CAN RESPOND SOMETIMES 

8682
06:52:22,076 --> 06:52:23,945
WITHIN MINUTES BEING EXPOSED TO 

8683
06:52:23,945 --> 06:52:26,080
AN ALLERGEN AND WHAT THAT HAS 

8684
06:52:26,080 --> 06:52:28,650
ARGUED IN THE FIELD; RIGHT?  

8685
06:52:28,650 --> 06:52:31,019
NOT JUST OUR LAB THINKING ABOUT 

8686
06:52:31,019 --> 06:52:33,821
THIS AND MAYBE ALLERGENS ARE 

8687
06:52:33,821 --> 06:52:35,356
GETTING ABSORBED THROUGH ORAL 

8688
06:52:35,356 --> 06:52:37,291
MUCOSA AND HOW IT IS GETTING IN 

8689
06:52:37,291 --> 06:52:38,593
AND ONE THING I WILL SAY IS MOST

8690
06:52:38,593 --> 06:52:42,530
OF THE MOUSE STUDIES WE BYPASS 

8691
06:52:42,530 --> 06:52:44,332
MOUSE AND LIKE PEANUTS AND IF 

8692
06:52:44,332 --> 06:52:46,200
YOU FEED THEM THEY ARE HAPPY AND

8693
06:52:46,200 --> 06:52:48,703
WILL EAT THEM AND STUDIES AND 

8694
06:52:48,703 --> 06:52:51,172
TIMING AND EVERYTHING TO DO 

8695
06:52:51,172 --> 06:52:52,707
ORALLY GAF AUJ IT AND NOT GOING 

8696
06:52:52,707 --> 06:52:54,008
THROUGH MOUTH BUT GETTING 

8697
06:52:54,008 --> 06:52:55,943
THROUGH AND ADMINISTERED TO THE 

8698
06:52:55,943 --> 06:52:57,412
STOMACH AND THEN INTO THE GUT. 

8699
06:52:57,412 --> 06:53:00,648
WE CAN REALLY FIND THE ALLERGEN 

8700
06:53:00,648 --> 06:53:02,617
IN THE BLOOD WITHIN 30 MINUTES 

8701
06:53:02,617 --> 06:53:05,119
TO AN HOUR AND IS DETECTING IT 

8702
06:53:05,119 --> 06:53:06,921
IN THE SERUM AND WHATEVER IS 

8703
06:53:06,921 --> 06:53:08,222
HAPPENING IS HAPPENING QUICKLY 

8704
06:53:08,222 --> 06:53:10,591
NO MATTER WHERE IT IS IN MUCOSA.

8705
06:53:10,591 --> 06:53:13,261
>> MAY BE STOMACH TOO AND 

8706
06:53:13,261 --> 06:53:14,896
EVERYONE THINKS OF GUT AS 

8707
06:53:14,896 --> 06:53:16,097
DOWNSTREAM OF THAT. 

8708
06:53:16,097 --> 06:53:17,665
>> ABSOLUTELY.  GOOD
THOUGHT. 

8709
06:53:17,665 --> 06:53:18,566
>> REALLY INTERESTING. 

8710
06:53:18,566 --> 06:53:21,269
>> GREAT TALK.  I HAD A
COUPLE 

8711
06:53:21,269 --> 06:53:22,837
QUESTIONS AND FIRST ONE IS 

8712
06:53:22,837 --> 06:53:24,238
SENSITIZED TOLERANT GROUP AND 

8713
06:53:24,238 --> 06:53:26,607
LOOKING AT SYSTEMIC AND GUT IGA 

8714
06:53:26,607 --> 06:53:28,676
AND DID YOU LOOK AT OTHER 

8715
06:53:28,676 --> 06:53:31,379
SYSTEMIC ANTIBODIES LIKE 

8716
06:53:31,379 --> 06:53:32,346
CIRCULATING IGA. 

8717
06:53:32,346 --> 06:53:32,980
>> WE DID. 

8718
06:53:32,980 --> 06:53:35,183
>> YOU MENTIONED IGG AND
ANY 

8719
06:53:35,183 --> 06:53:37,585
PATTERN TO BE ABSORBING AND 

8720
06:53:37,585 --> 06:53:37,885
PREVENTING. 

8721
06:53:37,885 --> 06:53:40,021
>> NO.  MOST OF THE WORK
TO DATE

8722
06:53:40,021 --> 06:53:43,458
IS DONE USING BLOOD SAMPLES IS 

8723
06:53:43,458 --> 06:53:46,594
EASIER AND LESS SMELLY THAN 

8724
06:53:46,594 --> 06:53:50,565
STOOL AND MOST LOOKED AT IGA AND

8725
06:53:50,565 --> 06:53:52,500
IT MATCHED THE SAME AND WAS SAME

8726
06:53:52,500 --> 06:53:53,935
AS STOOL AND IF ANYTHING IS 

8727
06:53:53,935 --> 06:53:55,470
HIGHER IN ALLERGICS. 

8728
06:53:55,470 --> 06:53:57,438
>> THAT IS INTERESTING AND

8729
06:53:57,438 --> 06:53:59,340
SECOND QUESTION QUICKLY IF NOT 

8730
06:53:59,340 --> 06:54:01,209
COMING THROUGH ESOPHAGUS OR 

8731
06:54:01,209 --> 06:54:03,845
STOMACH IS A BIG BARRIER IN THE 

8732
06:54:03,845 --> 06:54:05,847
GUT AND MUCUS AND TIGHT 

8733
06:54:05,847 --> 06:54:06,147
JUNCTIONS. 

8734
06:54:06,147 --> 06:54:06,614
>> YEAH. 

8735
06:54:06,614 --> 06:54:10,618
>> IMMUNE RESPONSES CAN
EFFECT 

8736
06:54:10,618 --> 06:54:11,652
DIFFERENT JUNCTIONS. 

8737
06:54:11,652 --> 06:54:12,987
>> YEAH. 

8738
06:54:12,987 --> 06:54:18,626
>> PORES OR BIGGER PORES
AND 

8739
06:54:18,626 --> 06:54:21,796
EPITHELIAL CELLS AND LOOKING AT 

8740
06:54:21,796 --> 06:54:23,664
THOSE AND IF CHANGED WITH REGARD

8741
06:54:23,664 --> 06:54:25,299
TO LEUKO TRYINES. 

8742
06:54:25,299 --> 06:54:29,670
>> MY BIAS IS PARACELLULAR

8743
06:54:29,670 --> 06:54:33,541
ALLERGEN ABSORPTION OR PASSAGE 

8744
06:54:33,541 --> 06:54:36,277
OR YOU WANT TO CALL IT IS NOT 

8745
06:54:36,277 --> 06:54:38,613
MOST COMMON WAY TO GET IT ACROSS

8746
06:54:38,613 --> 06:54:41,315
AND LEAKY GUT LOSS OF JUNCTIONS 

8747
06:54:41,315 --> 06:54:42,617
BETWEEN EPITHILIUM AND IS DATA 

8748
06:54:42,617 --> 06:54:44,685
TO SUPPORT THAT CERTAINLY. 

8749
06:54:44,685 --> 06:54:46,621
WHEN WE IMAGE WHAT WE SEE IS 

8750
06:54:46,621 --> 06:54:49,490
LOTS -- IF YOU FLUORESCENTLY TAG

8751
06:54:49,490 --> 06:54:51,359
AN ALLERGEN LIKE OVA WE ARE 

8752
06:54:51,359 --> 06:54:53,227
USING YOU CAN FIND IT ACTUALLY 

8753
06:54:53,227 --> 06:54:55,696
TRANCE CELLULARLY BEING 

8754
06:54:55,696 --> 06:54:56,664
TRANSPORTED THROUGH GUT 

8755
06:54:56,664 --> 06:54:57,799
EPITHILIUM AND IN PARTICULAR 

8756
06:54:57,799 --> 06:54:59,233
POPULATION IN THE GUT THAT IS 

8757
06:54:59,233 --> 06:55:03,137
GOOD AT TAKING UP LARGE POCKETS 

8758
06:55:03,137 --> 06:55:05,773
OF -- OF NOT JUST ALLERGENS BUT 

8759
06:55:05,773 --> 06:55:07,708
THINGS IN THE GUT AND GOES 

8760
06:55:07,708 --> 06:55:09,510
THROUGH CELL BODY AND TRANCE 

8761
06:55:09,510 --> 06:55:12,113
CELLULAR TO THE OTHER SIDE AND 

8762
06:55:12,113 --> 06:55:14,615
THINK THAT IT IS HOW IT IS 

8763
06:55:14,615 --> 06:55:16,751
PROTECTED AND IN TACT AND NOT 

8764
06:55:16,751 --> 06:55:20,555
ONES TO DESCRIBE THIS WORK FROM 

8765
06:55:20,555 --> 06:55:21,823
RON NEWBURY. 

8766
06:55:21,823 --> 06:55:22,557
>> GABBA CELLS. 

8767
06:55:22,557 --> 06:55:24,692
>> I THINK THAT IS WHERE
THIS IS

8768
06:55:24,692 --> 06:55:24,926
GOING. 

8769
06:55:24,926 --> 06:55:25,259
>> UH-HUH. 

8770
06:55:25,259 --> 06:55:28,930
>> THIS IS ACTUALLY
REGULATED BY

8771
06:55:28,930 --> 06:55:31,399
PATHWAY WE DESCRIBED AND HOW 

8772
06:55:31,399 --> 06:55:34,001
MUCH ALLERGEN TRANSPORT 

8773
06:55:34,001 --> 06:55:35,503
HAPPENING AT THAT LEVEL AND 

8774
06:55:35,503 --> 06:55:36,604
DON'T UNDERSTAND HOW. 

8775
06:55:36,604 --> 06:55:40,641
>> DON'T THINK THEY EFFECT
GABBA

8776
06:55:40,641 --> 06:55:42,210
CELL NUMBERS FOR EXAMPLE. 

8777
06:55:42,210 --> 06:55:42,610
>> DON'T KNOW. 

8778
06:55:42,610 --> 06:55:43,411
>> OKAY. 

8779
06:55:43,411 --> 06:55:45,079
>> THAT IS SOME WHERE
THERE IS 

8780
06:55:45,079 --> 06:55:46,747
CONNECTION THERE WHERE DIRECT OR

8781
06:55:46,747 --> 06:55:47,648
INDIRECT AND DON'T KNOW. 

8782
06:55:47,648 --> 06:55:50,251
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH.  

8783
06:55:50,251 --> 06:55:50,585
INTERESTING. 

8784
06:55:50,585 --> 06:55:52,753
>> HEY.  GREAT TALK. 

8785
06:55:52,753 --> 06:55:53,221
>> [INDISCERNIBLE]. 

8786
06:55:53,221 --> 06:55:57,525
>> YES.  SO I HAVE TWO
QUESTIONS

8787
06:55:57,525 --> 06:55:58,926
AND FIRST IS DO YOU THINK 

8788
06:55:58,926 --> 06:56:00,461
DIFFERENCE IN ABSORPTION PLAYS 

8789
06:56:00,461 --> 06:56:02,964
ALSO A ROLE AND NOT ONLY IN 

8790
06:56:02,964 --> 06:56:05,666
CHALLENGE BUT DURING 

8791
06:56:05,666 --> 06:56:08,169
SENSITIZATION BREAKDOWN?  

8792
06:56:08,169 --> 06:56:10,605
SECOND QUESTION IS OTHER 

8793
06:56:10,605 --> 06:56:13,140
ALLERGEN ABSORPTION CHANGES 

8794
06:56:13,140 --> 06:56:13,608
THROUGHOUT LIFESPAN. 

8795
06:56:13,608 --> 06:56:15,009
>> GREAT QUESTIONS AND
QUESTIONS

8796
06:56:15,009 --> 06:56:16,177
WE WOULD LOVE TO ANSWER. 

8797
06:56:16,177 --> 06:56:18,613
IF I HAD TO SPECULATE AND WE 

8798
06:56:18,613 --> 06:56:20,014
HAVE NOT DONE ANYTHING YET AND 

8799
06:56:20,014 --> 06:56:23,651
WILL START TO DO SOME OF THIS 

8800
06:56:23,651 --> 06:56:24,418
NOW. 

8801
06:56:24,418 --> 06:56:25,953
IF PATHWAY IS OPERATIONAL FOR 

8802
06:56:25,953 --> 06:56:27,822
ORAL TOLERANCE AND BET IT IS 

8803
06:56:27,822 --> 06:56:29,590
IMPORTANT FOR ORAL TOLERANCE AND

8804
06:56:29,590 --> 06:56:31,259
DON'T KNOW HOW AND DON'T KNOW IF

8805
06:56:31,259 --> 06:56:33,027
THAT IS EVEN TRUE AND IS MY 

8806
06:56:33,027 --> 06:56:35,663
GUESS AND WHY I THINK THIS IS A 

8807
06:56:35,663 --> 06:56:36,831
HOMEO STATIC MECHANISM AND IF 

8808
06:56:36,831 --> 06:56:38,599
YOU MESS WITH IT DOES IT CHANGE 

8809
06:56:38,599 --> 06:56:40,668
AND WE ARE TRYING TO FIGURE IT 

8810
06:56:40,668 --> 06:56:42,603
OUT RIGHT NOW AND HAVEN'T -- WE 

8811
06:56:42,603 --> 06:56:46,374
DON'T HAVE ANY DATA YET JUST 

8812
06:56:46,374 --> 06:56:46,674
HYPOTHESES. 

8813
06:56:46,674 --> 06:56:49,610
IDEA OF IT CHANGING OVER A LIFE 

8814
06:56:49,610 --> 06:56:50,978
OR ESPECIALLY AT YOUNG AGE 

8815
06:56:50,978 --> 06:56:54,782
VERSUS IS A GREAT THOUGHT AND WE

8816
06:56:54,782 --> 06:56:56,250
HAVE LIKE 8 MILLION EXPERIMENTS 

8817
06:56:56,250 --> 06:56:58,219
WE ARE TRYING TO DO AND TRYING 

8818
06:56:58,219 --> 06:57:00,388
TO DO IT WITH PEDIATRIC SAMPLES 

8819
06:57:00,388 --> 06:57:02,723
TO SEE IF WE CAN LOOK AT THIS. 

8820
06:57:02,723 --> 06:57:04,492
WE HAVEN'T -- WE ARE STARTING 

8821
06:57:04,492 --> 06:57:06,027
PROOF OF CONCEPT TRIAL I TOLD 

8822
06:57:06,027 --> 06:57:08,429
YOU ABOUT WE WILL DO WITH ADULTS

8823
06:57:08,429 --> 06:57:09,697
AND FOR SAFETY REASONS AND OTHER

8824
06:57:09,697 --> 06:57:13,301
THINGS WE HAVE TO START WITH 

8825
06:57:13,301 --> 06:57:15,670
ADU

8826
06:57:15,670 --> 06:57:15,903
ADULTS. 

8827
06:57:15,903 --> 06:57:17,271
>> I WOULD LOVE TO DO IT
AND 

8828
06:57:17,271 --> 06:57:19,907
DON'T KNOW TO DO A HUMAN TRIAL 

8829
06:57:19,907 --> 06:57:21,809
TO TEST THAT YET AND CAN TRY TO 

8830
06:57:21,809 --> 06:57:26,614
DO IN MICE AND GETS HARDER 

8831
06:57:26,614 --> 06:57:32,353
TRYING TO GAF AUJ THINGS. 

8832
06:57:32,353 --> 06:57:37,858
>> SOMETHING NOT RELATED
TO THIS

8833
06:57:37,858 --> 06:57:40,161
STUDYING INFECTION AND BREAKDOWN

8834
06:57:40,161 --> 06:57:41,996
TOLERANCE AND FOUND MICE WITH 

8835
06:57:41,996 --> 06:57:44,765
INFLUENZA AND GIVE OVA YOU HAVE 

8836
06:57:44,765 --> 06:57:49,303
RESPONSES IN LYMPH NODE AND 

8837
06:57:49,303 --> 06:57:50,071
CONTRIBUTES TO BREAKDOWN 

8838
06:57:50,071 --> 06:57:50,371
TOLERANCE. 

8839
06:57:50,371 --> 06:57:50,638
>> YEAH. 

8840
06:57:50,638 --> 06:57:52,974
>> QUESTION IS ANTIGEN
ORALLY. 

8841
06:57:52,974 --> 06:57:53,374
>> YEAH. 

8842
06:57:53,374 --> 06:57:55,176
>> IN LYMPH NODE. 

8843
06:57:55,176 --> 06:57:58,612
>> I BET WITH THIS AND
HAPPY TO 

8844
06:57:58,612 --> 06:58:03,184
SHARE PROTOCOL AND OVA ALIZA 

8845
06:58:03,184 --> 06:58:05,653
FROM BLOOD IS FINICKY AND IF YOU

8846
06:58:05,653 --> 06:58:07,688
WANT TO TRY THAT IS MY BET HOW 

8847
06:58:07,688 --> 06:58:08,656
IT IS GETTING THERE. 

8848
06:58:08,656 --> 06:58:09,957
>> THANK YOU. 

8849
06:58:09,957 --> 06:58:11,292
>> WONDERFUL, STEPHANIE. 

8850
06:58:11,292 --> 06:58:12,326
>> GREAT TO SEE YOU. 

8851
06:58:12,326 --> 06:58:13,995
>> GREAT TO SEE YOU.

8852
06:58:13,995 --> 06:58:15,329
>>  SORRY I DIDN'T TALK
ABOUT 

8853
06:58:15,329 --> 06:58:15,730
[INDISCERNIBLE]. 

8854
06:58:15,730 --> 06:58:18,499
>> THIS IS BETTER THAN
THAT. 

8855
06:58:18,499 --> 06:58:20,634
I HAVE A QUESTION IF YOU LOOKED 

8856
06:58:20,634 --> 06:58:22,403
AT D PEP 1 VARIANCE IN YOUR 

8857
06:58:22,403 --> 06:58:23,504
POPULATION AND PREDICTION IS 

8858
06:58:23,504 --> 06:58:25,873
LEVEL OF BIOCHEMICAL ACTIVITY 

8859
06:58:25,873 --> 06:58:29,677
MIGHT CORRELATE TO HOW SEVERE 

8860
06:58:29,677 --> 06:58:31,312
ALLERGEN OR ALLERGIC RESPONSE 

8861
06:58:31,312 --> 06:58:31,579
MIGHT BE. 

8862
06:58:31,579 --> 06:58:33,447
HUGE QUESTION THAT WE HAVE BEEN 

8863
06:58:33,447 --> 06:58:37,018
TRYING TO TACKLE AND FAILED. 

8864
06:58:37,018 --> 06:58:39,186
GWAS STUDIES NOT PULLING THEM 

8865
06:58:39,186 --> 06:58:41,489
OUT D PEP 1 ITSELF AND DOESN'T 

8866
06:58:41,489 --> 06:58:43,791
HAVE TO BE IT AND COULD BE 

8867
06:58:43,791 --> 06:58:45,860
ANYTHING ALONG THE PATHWAY AND 

8868
06:58:45,860 --> 06:58:48,295
SCOURING GWAS DATA BASE AND 

8869
06:58:48,295 --> 06:58:50,197
PROBLEM FOR US IS WHERE WOULD WE

8870
06:58:50,197 --> 06:58:52,533
-- WE WOULD PREDICT TO SEE 

8871
06:58:52,533 --> 06:58:53,367
BIGGEST DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 

8872
06:58:53,367 --> 06:58:56,270
PATIENTS WHO HAVE IGE AND PASS 

8873
06:58:56,270 --> 06:58:57,872
ORAL FOOD CHALLENGE VERSUS THOSE

8874
06:58:57,872 --> 06:59:00,908
THAT HAVE IGE AND FAIL AT ORAL 

8875
06:59:00,908 --> 06:59:02,510
FOOD CHALLENGE AND PROBLEM NOT 

8876
06:59:02,510 --> 06:59:04,612
HEALTHY VERSUS ALLERGIC 

8877
06:59:04,612 --> 06:59:06,847
POPULATION WHICH IS WHERE GWAS 

8878
06:59:06,847 --> 06:59:08,416
DATA IS AND SECOND PROBLEM TO 

8879
06:59:08,416 --> 06:59:10,618
THAT IS IF YOU PASS ORAL FOOD 

8880
06:59:10,618 --> 06:59:13,320
CHALLENGE IF SENSITIZED YOU ARE 

8881
06:59:13,320 --> 06:59:15,656
-- YOU ARE NOT FOOD ALLERGIC AND

8882
06:59:15,656 --> 06:59:17,324
TRYING TO GET RIGHT DATA BASE OR

8883
06:59:17,324 --> 06:59:19,960
SAMPLES TO DO A PROOF OF CONCEPT

8884
06:59:19,960 --> 06:59:21,996
TRIAL THERE AS WELL AND IS A 

8885
06:59:21,996 --> 06:59:23,597
LITTLE HARD AND THINK WE MIGHT 

8886
06:59:23,597 --> 06:59:24,565
HAVE IDENTIFIED A GROUP TO DO 

8887
06:59:24,565 --> 06:59:26,901
THIS AND HAVE TO -- IT WILL TAKE

8888
06:59:26,901 --> 06:59:27,435
A LITTLE WHILE. 

8889
06:59:27,435 --> 06:59:29,303
>> VERY EXCITING.  THANKS.

8890
06:59:29,303 --> 06:59:31,138
>> IF YOU THINK ABOUT THE 

8891
06:59:31,138 --> 06:59:35,409
STUDIES LIKE NOW THE IDEA IS WE 

8892
06:59:35,409 --> 06:59:37,344
SHOULD GIVE FOOD OR THIS TYPE OF

8893
06:59:37,344 --> 06:59:38,412
FOOD TO CHILDREN. 

8894
06:59:38,412 --> 06:59:38,913
>> YEAH. 

8895
06:59:38,913 --> 06:59:40,514
>> SO LIKE TO SENSITIZE
THEM AND

8896
06:59:40,514 --> 06:59:42,183
NOW YOU ARE SAYING THERE IS 

8897
06:59:42,183 --> 06:59:44,018
SOMETHING THAT ALLOWS THE FOOD 

8898
06:59:44,018 --> 06:59:46,620
PASSAGE AND IS REGULATED ABOUT I

8899
06:59:46,620 --> 06:59:50,591
THIS MOLECULE. 

8900
06:59:50,591 --> 06:59:53,994
HOW COME ONES WHICH HAVE THIS OR

8901
06:59:53,994 --> 06:59:57,865
B6 OR ONES WHICH ALLOW FOOD OR 

8902
06:59:57,865 --> 07:00:01,068
ABT R- ANTIGEN PASSAGE AND 

8903
07:00:01,068 --> 07:00:02,603
DEVELOPING ALLERGY REACTIONS 

8904
07:00:02,603 --> 07:00:05,272
THAT ANYTHING POTENTIALLY GOING 

8905
07:00:05,272 --> 07:00:06,140
THROUGH INTESTINE AND OTHER SIDE

8906
07:00:06,140 --> 07:00:09,643
HOW IS IT POSSIBLE WE CAN 

8907
07:00:09,643 --> 07:00:10,778
DESENSITIZE BY FEEDING. 

8908
07:00:10,778 --> 07:00:12,680
>> RIGHT.  YOU HAVE
MULTIPLE 

8909
07:00:12,680 --> 07:00:14,315
QUESTIONS IMBEDDED IN THAT. 

8910
07:00:14,315 --> 07:00:14,882
>> I KNOW. 

8911
07:00:14,882 --> 07:00:17,017
>> LEAP TRIAL AND ORAL
TOLERANCE

8912
07:00:17,017 --> 07:00:19,153
AND WHAT I WOULD CALL REAL ORAL 

8913
07:00:19,153 --> 07:00:21,122
TOLERANCE THAT I THINK IS THE 

8914
07:00:21,122 --> 07:00:23,257
BASIS OF TRIALS SHOWING EARLY 

8915
07:00:23,257 --> 07:00:24,325
EXPOSURE BEING IMPORTANT WHAT 

8916
07:00:24,325 --> 07:00:26,627
YOU ARE DOING IS INDUCING T 

8917
07:00:26,627 --> 07:00:29,296
REGULARS AND NOT INDUCING IGE 

8918
07:00:29,296 --> 07:00:31,265
AND NEVER GETTING TO SENSITIZED 

8919
07:00:31,265 --> 07:00:33,334
PHASE AND THINK THAT IS BECAUSE 

8920
07:00:33,334 --> 07:00:34,602
THE -- THE QUOTE ON QUOTE 

8921
07:00:34,602 --> 07:00:36,637
NATURAL RESPONSE IN THE GUT IS 

8922
07:00:36,637 --> 07:00:38,539
TO TOLERATE WHATEVER IS COMING 

8923
07:00:38,539 --> 07:00:39,173
IN. 

8924
07:00:39,173 --> 07:00:40,007
RIGHT?  

8925
07:00:40,007 --> 07:00:40,274
>> YEAH. 

8926
07:00:40,274 --> 07:00:42,910
>> BUT THEN HOW CAN YOU
LIKE IF 

8927
07:00:42,910 --> 07:00:45,079
YOU HAVE OVA PASSING THROUGH, 

8928
07:00:45,079 --> 07:00:47,648
HOW DO YOU DEVELOP ALSO AN 

8929
07:00:47,648 --> 07:00:49,984
ALLERGIC REACTION TO OVA BUT 

8930
07:00:49,984 --> 07:00:52,186
DEVELOP RESPONSE, IG RESPONSES 

8931
07:00:52,186 --> 07:00:56,290
AGAINST PEANUT WHICH GOES 

8932
07:00:56,290 --> 07:00:56,724
THROUGH. 

8933
07:00:56,724 --> 07:00:58,559
>> I WOULD ARGUE THEY WILL
BE 

8934
07:00:58,559 --> 07:01:00,861
IDENTICAL IF YOU MAKE IGE 

8935
07:01:00,861 --> 07:01:02,096
RESPONSE AND PUT ALL THEM 

8936
07:01:02,096 --> 07:01:03,731
THROUGH YOU HAVE ALLERGIC 

8937
07:01:03,731 --> 07:01:06,300
REACTION TO EITHER IN GROUP THAT

8938
07:01:06,300 --> 07:01:07,268
PASSAGES THEM AND COMPLICATION 

8939
07:01:07,268 --> 07:01:09,603
HERE IS I DON'T -- WE HAVE TO BE

8940
07:01:09,603 --> 07:01:11,205
CAREFUL IN THINKING ABOUT WHERAL

8941
07:01:11,205 --> 07:01:14,141
EARTH JI AND WE ARE MEASURING IN

8942
07:01:14,141 --> 07:01:16,377
BLOOD AND NICE SURROGATE READ 

8943
07:01:16,377 --> 07:01:18,612
OUT GOTTEN ACROSS GUT AND DON'T 

8944
07:01:18,612 --> 07:01:20,881
THINK ALLERGEN IN THE BLOOD IS 

8945
07:01:20,881 --> 07:01:22,183
RELEVANT SITE FOR TOLERANCE AND 

8946
07:01:22,183 --> 07:01:23,951
IS A READ OUT FOR US AND WHERE 

8947
07:01:23,951 --> 07:01:27,521
ALL OF THE ACTION IS, IS IN THE 

8948
07:01:27,521 --> 07:01:32,359
GUT ITSELF AND SURROGATE FOR 

8949
07:01:32,359 --> 07:01:34,528
ALLEN TO GET ACROSS AND BAE NEEJ

8950
07:01:34,528 --> 07:01:36,197
IN THE GUT ITSELF THOUGH IS THAT

8951
07:01:36,197 --> 07:01:39,266
KIND OF -- WE CAN TALK MORE AT 

8952
07:01:39,266 --> 07:01:39,700
DINNER.  

8953
07:01:39,700 --> 07:01:43,504
>> REALLY INTERESTING
TALK. 

8954
07:01:43,504 --> 07:01:44,638
I HAVE A QUESTION ABOUT 

8955
07:01:44,638 --> 07:01:46,173
SOMETHING YOU MENTIONED IN 

8956
07:01:46,173 --> 07:01:47,274
BEGINNING OF TALK THAT IS 

8957
07:01:47,274 --> 07:01:53,280
QUESTION OF WHAT MAKES ALLERGEN 

8958
07:01:53,280 --> 07:01:55,916
AN ALLERGEN AND WRITTEN ABOUT IT

8959
07:01:55,916 --> 07:01:57,084
AND IN PARTICULAR SOMETHING THAT

8960
07:01:57,084 --> 07:01:59,119
STRUCK ME WHEN RESEARCHING THEM 

8961
07:01:59,119 --> 07:02:00,955
IS LOTS ARE STORAGE PROTEINS IN 

8962
07:02:00,955 --> 07:02:04,592
TET PRO MERS OR HEXO MERS AND 

8963
07:02:04,592 --> 07:02:06,961
MORE STABLE FORMATIONS GETTING 

8964
07:02:06,961 --> 07:02:08,562
DIGESTED LESS IN THE STOMACH AND

8965
07:02:08,562 --> 07:02:11,565
ABLE TO BE MORE IN INTACT FORM 

8966
07:02:11,565 --> 07:02:14,301
WHEN POTENTIALLY CROSS A 

8967
07:02:14,301 --> 07:02:14,568
BARRIER. 

8968
07:02:14,568 --> 07:02:14,868
>> WHY HE. 

8969
07:02:14,868 --> 07:02:16,971
>> HAVE PEOPLE COMPARED 

8970
07:02:16,971 --> 07:02:20,507
DIFFERENT PROTEINS, PROTEINS 

8971
07:02:20,507 --> 07:02:22,910
NONALLERGENS FOR WHAT PROPORTION

8972
07:02:22,910 --> 07:02:25,512
OF THE PROTEIN MAKES IT THROUGH 

8973
07:02:25,512 --> 07:02:27,181
FOR EXAMPLE INTO THE 

8974
07:02:27,181 --> 07:02:27,514
BLOODSTREAM?  

8975
07:02:27,514 --> 07:02:28,916
>> WE CAN HAND WAVE A LOT
ABOUT 

8976
07:02:28,916 --> 07:02:31,051
THIS AND YOU NAILED A COUPLE OF 

8977
07:02:31,051 --> 07:02:33,454
THEM ALREADY THAT IS PERFECT AND

8978
07:02:33,454 --> 07:02:34,922
ALLERGENS ARE SEED STORAGE 

8979
07:02:34,922 --> 07:02:36,557
PROTEINS AND YOU ARE RIGHT AND 

8980
07:02:36,557 --> 07:02:38,025
THEY ARE MORE STABLE AND THOUGHT

8981
07:02:38,025 --> 07:02:40,127
IS THEY ARE SMALL AND STABLE AND

8982
07:02:40,127 --> 07:02:42,763
MEANS THEY CAN PASS THROUGH 

8983
07:02:42,763 --> 07:02:44,965
ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT OF STOMACH 

8984
07:02:44,965 --> 07:02:46,667
AND STILL IN TACT THAT IS 

8985
07:02:46,667 --> 07:02:48,736
IMPORTANT FOR TRIGGERING 

8986
07:02:48,736 --> 07:02:49,903
RESPONSE AND PEOPLE HAVE LOOKED 

8987
07:02:49,903 --> 07:02:52,139
AND ARGUED THAT YES THESE ARE 

8988
07:02:52,139 --> 07:02:55,743
MORE LIKELY TO MAKE IT INTO THE 

8989
07:02:55,743 --> 07:02:56,310
INTESTINE. 

8990
07:02:56,310 --> 07:02:58,612
I DON'T KNOW OF ANYBODY WHO HAS 

8991
07:02:58,612 --> 07:02:59,647
ARGUED FOR -- MOST PEOPLE DON'T 

8992
07:02:59,647 --> 07:03:00,848
LOOK IN THE BLOOD. 

8993
07:03:00,848 --> 07:03:02,583
IT IS A LITTLE PAIN TO DO AND I 

8994
07:03:02,583 --> 07:03:04,251
CAN -- I DON'T -- IF YOU ASKED 

8995
07:03:04,251 --> 07:03:08,255
ME A COUPLE YEARS AGO WOULD I 

8996
07:03:08,255 --> 07:03:09,223
ANTICIPATE SEEING IN TACT 

8997
07:03:09,223 --> 07:03:11,258
ALLERGENS IN THE BLOOD I WOULD 

8998
07:03:11,258 --> 07:03:13,527
SAY NO AND DESPITE LITERATURE ON

8999
07:03:13,527 --> 07:03:15,496
HUMANS FOR THIS IN 80 YEARS AND 

9000
07:03:15,496 --> 07:03:16,997
NOT SOMETHING WE THINK ABOUT AND

9001
07:03:16,997 --> 07:03:19,733
THEY ARE MOSTLY BROKEN UP IN THE

9002
07:03:19,733 --> 07:03:20,567
GUT; RIGHT?  

9003
07:03:20,567 --> 07:03:22,369
ANSWER TO THAT LAST PART IS NO 

9004
07:03:22,369 --> 07:03:23,570
AND SOMETHING WE SHOULD THINK 

9005
07:03:23,570 --> 07:03:26,240
ABOUT IN TERMS WHAT MAKES 

9006
07:03:26,240 --> 07:03:28,275
ALEARTH JEN ALEARTH JEN AND 

9007
07:03:28,275 --> 07:03:29,209
AGREE WITH YOU. 

9008
07:03:29,209 --> 07:03:30,678
>> RELATEBLY I HAVE A
FOLLOW-UP 

9009
07:03:30,678 --> 07:03:32,413
QUESTION AND WHEN LOOKING FOR 

9010
07:03:32,413 --> 07:03:34,615
OVA IN THE BLOOD YOU USE 

9011
07:03:34,615 --> 07:03:36,583
PRESUMABLY ANTIBODY AGAINST OVA.

9012
07:03:36,583 --> 07:03:38,018
>> WHY HE. 

9013
07:03:38,018 --> 07:03:39,920
>> IT RECOGNIZES IN TACT. 

9014
07:03:39,920 --> 07:03:40,187
>> YES. 

9015
07:03:40,187 --> 07:03:43,023
>> YOU DON'T NECESSARILY
KNOW 

9016
07:03:43,023 --> 07:03:47,928
IFFA OVA FRAGMENTS ARE IN THE 

9017
07:03:47,928 --> 07:03:48,162
BLOOD. 

9018
07:03:48,162 --> 07:03:48,862
>> THAT IS RIGHT. 

9019
07:03:48,862 --> 07:03:50,864
>> IT WOULD BE INTERESTING
FOR A

9020
07:03:50,864 --> 07:03:52,766
COMPLICATED EXPERIENCE TO SEE IF

9021
07:03:52,766 --> 07:03:55,436
ACTUALLY IT IS A DIFFERENCE IN 

9022
07:03:55,436 --> 07:03:59,039
ABSORPTION OR NOT ABSORPTION AND

9023
07:03:59,039 --> 07:04:00,774
DIFFERENCE IN IN TACT VERSUS NOT

9024
07:04:00,774 --> 07:04:02,209
IN TACT AND FRAGMENTED. 

9025
07:04:02,209 --> 07:04:04,445
>> WE THOUGHT ABOUT THIS
BY 

9026
07:04:04,445 --> 07:04:06,447
NONINTACT DO YOU MEAN AMINO 

9027
07:04:06,447 --> 07:04:08,215
ACIDS OR FRAGMENTS?  

9028
07:04:08,215 --> 07:04:09,316
>> I GUESS BOTH. 

9029
07:04:09,316 --> 07:04:12,219
>> YEAH.  AMINO ACIDS I
THINK 

9030
07:04:12,219 --> 07:04:15,255
ARE VERY CLEARLY REGULATED FOR 

9031
07:04:15,255 --> 07:04:16,924
NUTRIENT REASONS IN A DIFFERENT 

9032
07:04:16,924 --> 07:04:18,592
WAY AND DON'T THINK AND THINK WE

9033
07:04:18,592 --> 07:04:28,669
ARE