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WE ARE SO GLAD YOU ARE HERE FOR

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WHAT PROMISES TO BE AN  EXCITING

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AND INFORMATIVE PRESENTATION.

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I'M JOAN ROMAINE, THE

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FOUNDER AND CHAIR OF THE

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RELIGION,  SPIRITUALITY AND

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HEALTH SCIENTIFIC INTEREST

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 GROUP, WHICH  BEGAN HERE

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AT THE NIH IN OCTOBER 2020.

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TODAYS THE MY GREAT HONOR

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AND PRIVILEGE TO INTRODUCE

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OUR  GUEST SPEAKER, DR. ELLEN

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IDLER FROM EMORY UNIVERSITY

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 IN  ATLANTA, GEORGIA.

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SHE WILL BE SENDING HER TALK,

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COMPLEXITIES AND  CONTRADICTIONS

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IN THINKING ABOUT RELIGION

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 AS A SOCIAL

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DETERMINANT OF HEALTH.

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AS BACKGROUND, SHE IS DIRECTOR

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OF THE RELIGION AND PUBLIC

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HEALTH COLLABORATIVE,

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CHAIR OF SOCIOLOGY

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 IN EMORY COLLEGE,  SHE

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IS JOINT FACULTY IN THE

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DEPARTMENT OF EPIDEMIOLOGY,

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SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH

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 AND SENIOR FELLOW AT THE

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EMORY  CENTER FOR ETHICS.

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SHE RECEIVED HER PH.D.

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FROM YALE, WITH TRAINING TO

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PUBLIC  HEALTH AND SOCIOLOGY.

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SHE HAS ALSO INTERDISCIPLINARY

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TRAINING IN SOCIOLOGY,

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RELIGION AND PUBLIC HEALTH.

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SHE IS KNOWN FOR HER RESEARCH

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ON RELIGION AS A SOCIAL

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DETERMINANT OF HEALTH, HEALTH

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PERCEPTIONS, DISABILITY

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 AND  QUALITY OF

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LIFE, PARTICULARLY

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IN AGING POPULATIONS.

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HER CURRENT RESEARCH

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INTERESTS AND FRONTS INCLUDE

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THE ROLE  OF RELIGION IN

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ADULT MORTALITY, AS COMPARED

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 TO OTHER SOCIAL  DETERMINANTS

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OF HEALTH, RELIGION'S ROLE

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IN END OF LIFE  DECISIONS,

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THE ROLE OF CAPLINS

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 IN PALLATIVE CARE T IMPACT

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OF  MARITAL STATUS ON

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MORTALITY FOLLOWING SURGERY,

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TRENDS IN  SUICIDE RATES

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 AMONG MIDDLE AGE AND OLDER

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AMERICANS, A  COMPARISON

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OF THE PATIENT AND

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PHYSICIAN GLOBAL RATINGS OF

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  THE HEALTH AND PRIMARY CARE,

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AND PATTERNS OF RELIGIOUS

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PRACTICE IN OLD AGE.

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SHE, WITH HER COLLEAGUES, ALSO

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PRODUCED AN INTER-  DISCIPLINARY

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VOLUME ENTITLED RELIGION AS

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 A SOCIAL  DETERMINANT

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OF HEALTH, PUBLISHED BY

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OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS  IN

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2014, AND IF YOU DON'T KNOW

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 ALREADY, SHE PUBLISHED

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TWO  ADDITIONAL BOOKS AND

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OVER 70 CHAPTERS, RESEARCH

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THAT'S  SUPPORTED BY US

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 HERE BY THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE

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ON AGING,  INCLUDING THE

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FIRST AWARD, THE NATIONAL

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INSTITUTE OF MENTAL

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  HEALTH AND THE

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TEMPLETON FOUNDATION.

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HER WORK IS FREQUENTLY CITED,

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SHE IS LISTED AS A HIGHLY  CITED

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SCHOLAR BY THE WEB OF SCIENCE.

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WHILE THERE IS MUCH MORE

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I COULD SAY ABOUT HER

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ESTEEMED  ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND

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CONTRIBUTIONS, FOR THE SAKE

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 OF TIME, I  WILL STOP HERE.

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BEFORE I TURN IT OVER

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TO HER, I WANT TO SAY A

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FEW  HOUSEKEEPING TIPS.

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WE WOULD LIKE TO ASK

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EVERYONE PLEASE STAY MUTED

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WHILE SHE IS  GIVING HER

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PRESENTATION, AND ALSO KEEP

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 YOUR VIDEOS OFFER, SO  WE

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DON'T HAVE DISTRACTIONS.

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IF YOU ARE SPEAKING,

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CERTAINLY TURN YOUR VIDEOS

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ON, AND  UNMUTE YOURSELF.

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WE WILL HAVE TIME FOR QUESTIONS

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AND ANSWERS AT THE END.

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I WOULD LIKE TO ASK IF

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YOU PLEASE POST YOUR

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QUESTIONS IN THE  CHAT, WE

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WILL BE MONITORING THEM.

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HOPEFULLY, WE WILL GET

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TO AS MANY AS WE CAN.

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WE ARE RECORDING THIS

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TALK, AND WE WILL HAVE IT

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AVAILABLE ON  OUR WEBSITE,

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JUST AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.

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IT IS MY GREAT PLEASURE TO

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TURN IT OVER TO YOU, DR. IDLER.

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PLEASE TAKE IT AWAY.

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>> THANK YOU, JOAN.

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THIS HAS BEEN A VERY NICE

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INVITATION AND I AM GLAD

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TO JOIN  YOUR GROUP FOR

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THIS MONTHLY MEETING THAT

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 YOU HAVE FOR THE

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INTEREST GROUP.

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I'M DELIGHTED TO SHARE RESEARCH

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WITH YOU, AND THAT WAS A

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VERY LONG LIST OF THINGS.

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I FELT TIRED WHEN I LISTENED

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TO ALL THE -- SOME OF

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THOSE  PROJECTS HAVE BEEN

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FINISHED FOR QUITE A WHILE,

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 BUT IT WAS  NICE OF YOU

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TO MENTION SO MANY THINGS.

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LET ME GET STARTED BY HOPEFULLY

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PUTTING UP THE RIGHT ONE.

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GOOD GRIEF.

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THAT IS NOT THE RIGHT ONE.

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WE DON'T WANT MY CLASSES

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FROM THIS MORNING.

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THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN A

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TOTALLY DIFFERENT TALK.

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LET ME SHARE THE FULL SCREEN.

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CAN YOU GIVE ME A THUMBS

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UP, JOAN, IF YOU ARE

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SEEING THE  RIGHT SCREEN.

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>> YES.

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LOOKS GREAT.

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>> THANK YOU FOR

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INVITING ME AGAIN.

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I THOUGHT WHAT I WOULD DO

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IN THIS TALK IS, BECAUSE

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IT IS  BASED ON AN ARTICLE

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THAT APPEARED IN THE BRITISH

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 MEDICAL  JOURNAL LAST

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SUMMER, THAT WAS MY STRUGGLE

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TO UNDERSTAND  WHERE I HAVE

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COME FROM IN THIS RESEARCH

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 AND WHERE IT IS  GOING.

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THIS IS LIKE A JOURNEY ABOUT

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THINKING ABOUT RESEARCH

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ON  RELIGION AND HAPPY,

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WHICH I HAVE BEEN DOING

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 SINCE MY  DISSERTATION.

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WE CANNOT POSSIBLY

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GO BACK THAT FAR.

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I WILL SPARE YOU ALL WITH THAT.

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I THOUGHT THE SOCIAL

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DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH WORKING

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GROUP  FROM THE WORLD HEALTH

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ORGANIZATION WAS A GOOD

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 STARTING  POINT.

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I WILL SET UP BACKGROUND

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FOR YOU, THEN TAKE YOU

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TO THE PART  WHERE I WAS

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STRUGGLING TO UNDERSTAND AND

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 PUT THINGS TOGETHER

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IN WAY THAT MADE SENSE.

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YOU ARE FAMILIAR

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WITH THIS, I'M SURE.

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THAT IS THE COVER OF THE

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CLOSING THE GAP IN A

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GENERATION'S  WORLD HEALTH

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ORGANIZATION REPORT ON THE

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 SOCIAL DETERMINANTS  OF HEALTH.

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IT WAS A BIG EFFORT THAT

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WAS LED BY MICHAEL MARMET,

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USED FOR  ABOUT THREE

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YEARS AGO, INVOLVED LEADING

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 RESEARCHERS FROM

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ACROSS THE WORLD.

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THEY HAD A LOT OF LOCAL GROUPS

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THAT CONTRIBUTED TO THIS.

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IT WAS A MASSIVE EFFORT.

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IT REALLY BUILT ON RESEARCH

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THAT MAYBE BEGAN WITH

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THE WHITE  HOUSE STUDIES

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IN THE U.K. THAT STARTED

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 IDENTIFYING SOCIAL  AND

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ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES AS

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THE PRIMARY DETERMINANTS

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OF  HEALTH, MUCH MORE SO

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 THAN MEDICAL CARE, WHICH

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IS NOT TO SAY  MEDICAL CARE

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NOT IMPORTANT, IT IS, BUT

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IN PUBLIC HEALTH  THESE

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 DAYS, I WOULD SAY IT IS

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THE DOMINANT PARADIGM.

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ANY TIME I ASK ANY PUBLIC

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HEALTH STUDENTS, THEY SAY

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SOCIAL  DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH.

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THAT'S WHAT WE UNDERSTAND IS THE

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MOST IMPORTANT  DETERMINANTS.

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I LOVE THE DEFINITION

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THAT'S FROM THE REPORT.

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THE CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH

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PEOPLE ARE BORN, GROW UP,

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LIVE,  WORK AND AGE, AND

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THE SYSTEMS PUT IN PLACE

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 TO DEAL WITH  ILLNESS.

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THESE CIRCUMSTANCES ARE

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SHAPED BY A WIDER SET OF

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FORCES:   ECONOMICS, SOCIAL

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POLICIES AND POLITICS.

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IT IS A BROAD DEFINITION.

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THE CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH

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PEOPLE ARE BORN, GROW

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UP, LIVE,  WORK AND AGE.

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I STUDY AGING POPULATIONS,

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SO THE LIFE COURSE DIMENSION

226
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IS  IMPORTANT TO ME.

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IN A REPORT THAT WAS TO COVER

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GLOBAL HEALTH, INCLUDING

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THE  GLOBAL SOUTH, AS

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WELL AS THE GLOBAL NORTH,

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 AND A REPORT THAT  IS

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246 PAGES LONG, YOU WOULD

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THINK THE CIRCUMSTANCES IN

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WHICH PEOPLE ARE BORN AND

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 GROW UP WOULD SOMEHOW

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MENTION  RELIGION SOMEWHERE.

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YET, IT DOESN'T.

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I HAVE A COPY OF IT HERE.

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I CAME TO EMORY IN 2009,

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I HAD BEEN TEACHING AT

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RUTGER'S  UNIVERSITY, BUT

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EMORY HAD AN INITIATIVE ON

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 RELIGION AND  PUBLIC HEALTH,

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A WONDERFUL OPPORTUNITY TO

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COME HERE AND TALK  TO A

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LOT OF PEOPLE INTERESTED

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 IN THE SAME THINGS.

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I CAME TO EMORY SHORTLY

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AFTER THIS REPORT CAME OUT

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AND  ORGANIZED A GROUP OF

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PEOPLE FOR A SEMINAR THAT

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 TURNED INTO  THE EDITED

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VOLUME JOAN MENTIONED.

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WE WANTED TO MAKE AN ARGUMENT

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IN THE FORM OF AN EDITED

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VOLUME THAT RELIGIOUS

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COMMUNITIES ARE AMONG THOSE

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  CIRCUMSTANCES INTO WHICH

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PEOPLE ARE-BORN AND LIVE

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AND GROW  UP AND AGE, SO

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THOSE CIRCUMSTANCES FOR

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 INDIVIDUALS ARE  IMPORTANT.

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ALSO, THE RELIGIOUS

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INSTITUTIONS ARE AMONG THOSE

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WIDER SET  OF FORCES THAT

266
00:08:31,451 --> 00:08:32,279
HAVE AN IMPACT ON PEOPLE'S

267
00:08:32,279 --> 00:08:36,250
 LIFE AND HEALTH.

268
00:08:36,250 --> 00:08:37,251
THE BOOK WAS PUBLISHED IN 2014.

269
00:08:37,251 --> 00:08:41,255
I HIGHLY RECOMMEND IT TO YOU.

270
00:08:42,256 --> 00:08:43,257
THERE IS A POSTER ON

271
00:08:43,257 --> 00:08:44,258
MY DESK BEHIND MEL.

272
00:08:44,258 --> 00:08:47,518
IT IS A GREAT BOOK,

273
00:08:47,518 --> 00:08:50,264
STILL IN PRESS.

274
00:08:50,264 --> 00:08:52,067
I WANTED TO BUILD THE TALK

275
00:08:52,067 --> 00:08:53,614
OUT FROM WHAT I KNEW I

276
00:08:53,614 --> 00:08:55,478
KNEW WHEN  I CAME TO EMORY

277
00:08:55,478 --> 00:08:57,271
AND WHAT I LEARNED SINCE

278
00:08:57,271 --> 00:08:58,939
 I HAVE BEEN HERE  AND HOW MUCH

279
00:08:58,939 --> 00:09:00,471
WIDER MY VIEW HAS BECOME AND

280
00:09:00,471 --> 00:09:02,276
ALSO HOW MUCH MORE  COMPLICATED.

281
00:09:02,276 --> 00:09:05,657
LET'S START WITH

282
00:09:05,657 --> 00:09:09,249
WHAT DO WE KNOW.

283
00:09:09,249 --> 00:09:10,439
I'M SURE MANY OF YOU

284
00:09:10,439 --> 00:09:11,884
INTERESTED IN THIS TOPIC

285
00:09:11,884 --> 00:09:13,600
ARE AWARE OF  THE PAPER DONE

286
00:09:13,600 --> 00:09:15,255
BY A SET OF RESEARCHERS AT

287
00:09:15,255 --> 00:09:15,982
 HARVARD  UNIVERSITY, A

288
00:09:15,982 --> 00:09:16,752
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF ALL

289
00:09:16,752 --> 00:09:17,538
THE RESEARCH SINCE  2000

290
00:09:17,538 --> 00:09:18,258
THAT'S BEEN PUBLISHED

291
00:09:18,258 --> 00:09:21,630
 ON THE TOPIC OF

292
00:09:21,630 --> 00:09:26,266
RELIGION AND  HEALTH.

293
00:09:26,266 --> 00:09:27,648
IT WAS A LARGE GROUP OF

294
00:09:27,648 --> 00:09:29,047
AUTHORS, BUT THEY HAD A

295
00:09:29,047 --> 00:09:30,660
WIDER GROUP  OF PEOPLE WHO

296
00:09:30,660 --> 00:09:32,272
FORMED A PANEL OF EXPERTS

297
00:09:33,273 --> 00:09:35,152
 TO RATE THE QUALITY  OF THE

298
00:09:35,152 --> 00:09:37,063
STUDIES THAT WERE IDENTIFIED

299
00:09:37,063 --> 00:09:39,246
BY THE PRIMARY RESEARCH  GROUP.

300
00:09:39,246 --> 00:09:40,962
I WASN'T AN AUTHOR OF

301
00:09:40,962 --> 00:09:43,032
THE STUDY, BUT ONE OF THE

302
00:09:43,032 --> 00:09:44,974
PANEL  MEMBERS THAT WAS

303
00:09:44,974 --> 00:09:47,254
WATCHING ALL THE WORK THEY

304
00:09:47,254 --> 00:09:47,982
 WERE DOING AND  HELPING

305
00:09:47,982 --> 00:09:48,658
THEM TO CURATE THE SET

306
00:09:48,658 --> 00:09:49,411
OF STUDIES, ACCORDING TO

307
00:09:49,411 --> 00:09:50,257
THE  CRITERIA THAT WILL BE

308
00:09:50,257 --> 00:09:56,186
 ESTABLISHED FOR HIGH

309
00:09:56,186 --> 00:10:01,268
-QUALITY STUDIES.

310
00:10:01,268 --> 00:10:04,162
THIS PAPER, SPIRITUALITY

311
00:10:04,162 --> 00:10:07,475
IN HEALTH AND ILLNESS, LEAD

312
00:10:07,475 --> 00:10:11,278
AUTHORS  WERE TYLER AND TRACY.

313
00:10:11,278 --> 00:10:15,249
THERE WERE TWO DELPHI PANELS.

314
00:10:15,249 --> 00:10:17,801
SO WE'LL TAKE THE

315
00:10:17,801 --> 00:10:21,255
HEALTH OUTCOMES FIRST.

316
00:10:21,255 --> 00:10:25,976
THIS IS JUST A TABLE FROM

317
00:10:25,976 --> 00:10:31,265
THE JAMA STUDY PUBLICATION.

318
00:10:31,265 --> 00:10:31,515
IT SHOWS NUMBER OF STUDIES

319
00:10:31,515 --> 00:10:31,720
THAT WERE ATTACHED TO

320
00:10:31,720 --> 00:10:31,958
THESE  VARIOUS OUTCOMES,

321
00:10:31,958 --> 00:10:32,266
MORTALITY, PHYSICAL BEHAVIORS,

322
00:10:32,266 --> 00:10:34,907
 MENTAL  HEALTH AND

323
00:10:34,907 --> 00:10:37,271
QUALITY OF LIFE.

324
00:10:37,271 --> 00:10:40,933
THERE WERE MANY STUDIES

325
00:10:40,933 --> 00:10:44,278
IN THESE CATEGORIES.

326
00:10:44,278 --> 00:10:46,982
FOR THE OUTCOME OF ALL CAUSES

327
00:10:46,982 --> 00:10:49,343
MORTALITY, ALL BUT ONE OF

328
00:10:49,343 --> 00:10:51,750
THE  STUDIES IDENTIFIED A

329
00:10:51,750 --> 00:10:54,254
STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT

330
00:10:54,254 --> 00:10:56,256
 AND  PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF

331
00:10:56,256 --> 00:10:58,681
FREQUENT RELIGIOUS ATTEND DANCE

332
00:10:58,681 --> 00:11:01,261
WITH  LOWER ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY.

333
00:11:01,261 --> 00:11:02,215
THAT STUDY WAS CONSIDERED

334
00:11:02,215 --> 00:11:03,180
THE STRONGEST BECAUSE THE

335
00:11:03,180 --> 00:11:04,203
STUDIES  THAT WERE PART OF

336
00:11:04,203 --> 00:11:05,265
IT HAD THE HIGHEST RATINGS

337
00:11:06,266 --> 00:11:08,567
 FOR QUALITY AND  ALSO

338
00:11:08,567 --> 00:11:10,599
BECAUSE THE FININGS

339
00:11:10,599 --> 00:11:13,273
WERE SO VERY CONSISTENT.

340
00:11:13,273 --> 00:11:14,255
SOME OF THE OTHER OUTCOMES

341
00:11:14,255 --> 00:11:15,212
ALSO HAD STRONG FINDINGS,

342
00:11:15,212 --> 00:11:16,264
BUT THE  AUTHORS IDENTIFIED

343
00:11:16,264 --> 00:11:17,277
THE ALL-CAUSE MORTALITIES

344
00:11:17,277 --> 00:11:20,918
 AS THE  STRONGEST IN

345
00:11:20,918 --> 00:11:25,252
THE HALE OUTCOMES PANEL.

346
00:11:25,252 --> 00:11:27,039
THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF ONE

347
00:11:27,039 --> 00:11:28,779
STUDY IN THE REVIEW THAT

348
00:11:28,779 --> 00:11:30,408
WE DID AT  EMORY, SO I

349
00:11:30,408 --> 00:11:32,259
COULD SHOW MY OWN STUDY.

350
00:11:32,259 --> 00:11:33,403
THE NUMBERS ARE SMALL TO

351
00:11:33,403 --> 00:11:34,658
SEE, BUT I WOULD HIGHLIGHT

352
00:11:34,658 --> 00:11:35,985
THE FACT  WE USED DATA FROM

353
00:11:35,985 --> 00:11:37,264
THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT

354
00:11:37,264 --> 00:11:39,986
 STUDY FOR A  TEN-YEAR FOLLOWUP

355
00:11:39,986 --> 00:11:42,269
PERIOD FROM 2004 TO 2014.

356
00:11:42,269 --> 00:11:47,422
IT IS A LARGE SAMPLE OF

357
00:11:47,422 --> 00:11:53,246
PEOPLE AGED 50 AND OLDER.

358
00:11:53,246 --> 00:11:53,775
RELIGIOUS ATTENDANCE WAS ONE

359
00:11:53,775 --> 00:11:54,254
OF THE MEASURES AVAILABLE

360
00:11:54,254 --> 00:11:54,702
IN  THE HRS, AS WELL AS

361
00:11:54,702 --> 00:11:55,248
GETTING MEANING AND COMFORT

362
00:11:55,248 --> 00:11:57,612
 FROM  RELIGION AND ALSO

363
00:11:57,612 --> 00:11:59,635
A PERSON'S RELIGIOUS

364
00:11:59,635 --> 00:12:01,254
IDENTIFICATION.

365
00:12:01,254 --> 00:12:02,427
THERE WERE SEVERAL VARIABLES,

366
00:12:02,427 --> 00:12:03,330
BUT FREQUENT RELIGIOUS

367
00:12:03,330 --> 00:12:04,420
ATTENDANCE WAS THE PRIMARY

368
00:12:04,420 --> 00:12:05,258
VARIABLE THAT HAD A

369
00:12:05,258 --> 00:12:09,165
 HEALTH IMPACT  OVER

370
00:12:09,165 --> 00:12:13,266
THE TEN-YEAR PERIOD.

371
00:12:13,266 --> 00:12:14,753
AFTER IT WAS ADJUSTED FOR

372
00:12:14,753 --> 00:12:16,199
THE DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS,

373
00:12:16,199 --> 00:12:17,613
FREQUENT  ATTENDANCE AT

374
00:12:17,613 --> 00:12:19,272
RELIGIOUS SERVICES REDUCED

375
00:12:19,272 --> 00:12:20,078
 MORTALITY BY 40%,  IN

376
00:12:20,078 --> 00:12:21,158
COMPARISON TO THOSE WHO NEVER

377
00:12:21,158 --> 00:12:22,275
ATTENDED RELIGIOUS  SERVICES.

378
00:12:22,275 --> 00:12:26,246
WE HAD SOCIAL TIES.

379
00:12:26,246 --> 00:12:28,132
THOSE ALSO MEDIATED SOME OF

380
00:12:28,132 --> 00:12:30,121
THE EFFECT, SO IT WAS A VERY

381
00:12:30,121 --> 00:12:32,252
STRONGLY SIGNIFICANT FINDING.

382
00:12:32,252 --> 00:12:34,146
THIS PAPER WAS

383
00:12:34,146 --> 00:12:37,257
PUBLISHED IN PLUS ONE.

384
00:12:37,257 --> 00:12:41,369
FOR ME, THIS IS THE

385
00:12:41,369 --> 00:12:45,265
SOCIAL DIMENSION.

386
00:12:45,265 --> 00:12:47,572
WE THINK A LOT ABOUT SOCIAL

387
00:12:47,572 --> 00:12:49,748
ISOLATION THESE DAYS AS A

388
00:12:49,748 --> 00:12:52,272
VERY  IMPORTANT HEALTH RISK.

389
00:12:52,272 --> 00:12:53,568
THIS IS A PRE-PANDEMIC

390
00:12:53,568 --> 00:12:55,058
PHOTO, BUT THE ABILITY OF

391
00:12:55,058 --> 00:12:56,577
PEOPLE,  ESPECIALLY OLDER

392
00:12:56,577 --> 00:12:58,278
PEOPLE, TO ATTEND RELIGIOUS

393
00:12:58,278 --> 00:12:58,711
 SERVICES, TO BE  PART

394
00:12:58,711 --> 00:12:59,210
OF A LARGER COMMUNITY, AN

395
00:12:59,210 --> 00:12:59,779
INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNITY,

396
00:12:59,779 --> 00:13:00,247
I MIGHT ADD, BECAUSE I

397
00:13:00,247 --> 00:13:09,256
 THINK THAT IS REALLY IMPORTANT.

398
00:13:09,256 --> 00:13:09,776
AND FOR SOME DISABLED OLDER

399
00:13:09,776 --> 00:13:10,263
PEOPLE, THIS REALLY MIGHT

400
00:13:10,263 --> 00:13:10,780
BE THE  ONLY OUTING OF THE

401
00:13:10,780 --> 00:13:11,258
WEEK, WHO LIVE IN GROUP

402
00:13:11,258 --> 00:13:12,735
 HOMES, WHO NEED  ASSISTANCE TO

403
00:13:12,735 --> 00:13:14,261
TRAVEL OR TRANSPORT THEMSELVES.

404
00:13:14,261 --> 00:13:19,266
THEY GET THAT KIND OF HELP.

405
00:13:19,266 --> 00:13:20,267
SO THIS IS A PHOTO OF

406
00:13:20,267 --> 00:13:21,195
A GROUP HOME MEMBER

407
00:13:21,195 --> 00:13:22,269
ATTENDING A  SERVICE.

408
00:13:22,269 --> 00:13:25,326
I AM QUITE SURE THIS WAS

409
00:13:25,326 --> 00:13:29,276
THEIR ONLY OUTING OF THE WEEK.

410
00:13:29,276 --> 00:13:31,172
THE ABILITY TO REDUCE SOCIAL

411
00:13:31,172 --> 00:13:32,681
ISOLATION AND TO OFFER

412
00:13:32,681 --> 00:13:34,360
PEOPLE  ALL THOSE SOCIAL

413
00:13:34,360 --> 00:13:36,249
TIES THAT ARE SO IMPORTANT

414
00:13:36,249 --> 00:13:36,958
 FOR HEALTH SEEMS  LIKE A

415
00:13:36,958 --> 00:13:37,560
CRITICAL DIMENSION OF

416
00:13:37,560 --> 00:13:38,348
RELIGIOUS ATTENDANCE, AMONG

417
00:13:38,348 --> 00:13:39,252
ALL  THE MEASURES OF RELIGION.

418
00:13:39,252 --> 00:13:42,255
THAT WAS ONE OF THE PANELS.

419
00:13:42,255 --> 00:13:48,565
THE OTHER WAS IN

420
00:13:48,565 --> 00:13:55,268
SERIOUS ILLNESS.

421
00:13:55,268 --> 00:13:57,297
THIS WAS, AGAIN, FROM THE

422
00:13:57,297 --> 00:13:59,286
HARVARD GROUP STUDY THAT

423
00:13:59,286 --> 00:14:01,274
WAS  PUBLISHED IN 2022.

424
00:14:01,274 --> 00:14:03,532
THEIR FINDINGS ALSO UNDERSCORED

425
00:14:03,532 --> 00:14:05,538
THE SAME SORT OF BENEFICIAL

426
00:14:05,538 --> 00:14:07,247
AND PROTECTIVE EFFECT.

427
00:14:07,247 --> 00:14:09,410
THEY ALSO HAD HUNDREDS OF

428
00:14:09,410 --> 00:14:11,347
STUDIES OF THE ROLE OF

429
00:14:11,347 --> 00:14:14,254
SPIRITUALITY IN SERIOUS ILLNESS.

430
00:14:14,254 --> 00:14:15,771
THE STUDIES CONCLUDED

431
00:14:15,771 --> 00:14:17,455
THAT MOST PATIENTS WITH

432
00:14:17,455 --> 00:14:19,246
SERIOUS  ILLNESS THOUGHT

433
00:14:19,246 --> 00:14:21,261
THAT SPIRITUALITY WAS VERY

434
00:14:21,261 --> 00:14:21,952
 IMPORTANT TO THEM  AND

435
00:14:21,952 --> 00:14:22,773
THEY WERE OFTEN NOT GETTING

436
00:14:22,773 --> 00:14:23,488
ENOUGH OF THE SPIRITUAL

437
00:14:23,488 --> 00:14:24,264
SUPPORT THEY WANTED FROM

438
00:14:24,264 --> 00:14:29,588
 THE HEALTH CARE SERVICES

439
00:14:29,588 --> 00:14:34,274
THEY WERE  A PART OF.

440
00:14:34,274 --> 00:14:36,237
HERE ARE SOME OF THE EVIDENCE

441
00:14:36,237 --> 00:14:37,816
CATEGORIES, THE ROLE OF

442
00:14:37,816 --> 00:14:39,427
SPIRITUALITY, SPIRITCAL

443
00:14:39,427 --> 00:14:41,248
NEEDS IN SERIOUS ILLNESS,

444
00:14:41,248 --> 00:14:41,769
 SPIRITUAL  CARE, PATIENT

445
00:14:41,769 --> 00:14:42,277
DECISION-MAKING AND ALSO

446
00:14:42,277 --> 00:14:42,796
SPIRITCAL  INTERVENTIONS

447
00:14:42,796 --> 00:14:43,250
AND SERIOUS ILLNESS.

448
00:14:43,250 --> 00:14:46,135
THOSE WERE THE

449
00:14:46,135 --> 00:14:50,257
CATEGORIES STUDIED.

450
00:14:50,257 --> 00:14:54,866
THE FINDINGS WERE VERY

451
00:14:54,866 --> 00:14:59,266
STRONGLY PROTECTIVE.

452
00:14:59,266 --> 00:15:02,100
HERE IS AN EXAMPLE OF THAT

453
00:15:02,100 --> 00:15:04,752
PROVISION OF MEANING AND

454
00:15:04,752 --> 00:15:07,683
COMFORT  IN A SERVICE THAT

455
00:15:07,683 --> 00:15:10,277
HAS A HEALING SERVICE,

456
00:15:10,277 --> 00:15:12,362
 FOLLOWING THE  REGULAR

457
00:15:12,362 --> 00:15:14,567
SERVICES AND PEOPLE PRAY

458
00:15:14,567 --> 00:15:16,722
TOGETHER AND OFFER EACH

459
00:15:16,722 --> 00:15:19,252
OTHER COMFORT AND SUPPORT.

460
00:15:19,252 --> 00:15:20,069
JUST TO SUM UP, AND I

461
00:15:20,069 --> 00:15:21,052
THINK THIS IS WHAT I WANT

462
00:15:21,052 --> 00:15:22,054
TO START  HERE BY SAYING,

463
00:15:22,054 --> 00:15:23,256
RELIGION HAS THESE PROTECTIVE

464
00:15:23,256 --> 00:15:26,259
 EFFECTS ON THE  HEALTH AND

465
00:15:26,259 --> 00:15:29,262
WELL-BEING OF INDIVIDUALS.

466
00:15:29,262 --> 00:15:32,199
THE HARVARD STUDY, THE

467
00:15:32,199 --> 00:15:35,268
EVIDENCE IS SO STRONG.

468
00:15:35,268 --> 00:15:35,869
I LIKE TO SAY NO ONE

469
00:15:35,869 --> 00:15:36,629
WILL EVER NEED TO DO THAT

470
00:15:36,629 --> 00:15:37,404
SYSTEMATIC  REVIEW AGAIN,

471
00:15:37,404 --> 00:15:38,271
OR AT LEAST NOT FOR 30 MORE

472
00:15:38,271 --> 00:15:39,835
 YEARS, BECAUSE  THEY DID

473
00:15:39,835 --> 00:15:41,274
SUCH A GOOD JOB ON IT.

474
00:15:41,274 --> 00:15:45,290
THE FINDINGS WERE

475
00:15:45,290 --> 00:15:50,250
SO COMPLETELY CLEAR.

476
00:15:50,250 --> 00:15:52,252
THE EVIDENCE IS REALLY

477
00:15:52,252 --> 00:15:55,024
INCONTROVERTIBLE THAT THERE IS

478
00:15:55,024 --> 00:15:55,119
A

479
00:15:55,119 --> 00:15:58,258
SIGNIFICANT PROTECTIVE EFFECT.

480
00:15:58,258 --> 00:15:59,614
IT IS ATTENDANCE THAT MATTERS

481
00:15:59,614 --> 00:16:00,799
ON ADULT MORTALITY AND ON

482
00:16:00,799 --> 00:16:01,862
SPIRITUALITY ON BETTER

483
00:16:01,862 --> 00:16:03,263
QUALITY OF LIFE FOR PATIENTS

484
00:16:03,263 --> 00:16:08,541
 WITH  SERIOUS ILLNESS, THOSE

485
00:16:08,541 --> 00:16:13,273
BEING THE TWO CATEGORIES.

486
00:16:13,273 --> 00:16:15,220
TO BACK UP FOR A MINUTE

487
00:16:15,220 --> 00:16:17,449
TO THE CAUSAL PATHWAYS FOR

488
00:16:17,449 --> 00:16:19,718
THE  EFFECT OF RELIGION ON

489
00:16:19,718 --> 00:16:22,249
HEALTH, WE KNOW FROM SURVEYS

490
00:16:22,249 --> 00:16:23,829
 THAT  ADJUST FOR THESE

491
00:16:23,829 --> 00:16:25,638
-- LOTS OF VARIABLES, THAT

492
00:16:25,638 --> 00:16:27,553
PEOPLE WHO  ATTEND SERVICES

493
00:16:27,553 --> 00:16:29,256
REGULARLY ARE SUCH MESS

494
00:16:29,256 --> 00:16:30,633
 LIKELY TO BE  SMOKERS, THEY ARE

495
00:16:30,633 --> 00:16:31,903
MORE LIKELY TO HAVE A HEALTHY

496
00:16:31,903 --> 00:16:33,260
DIET, DO NOT  BINGE DRINK, GET

497
00:16:33,260 --> 00:16:36,056
 HEALTH SCREENINGS AND

498
00:16:36,056 --> 00:16:38,662
DOING A LOT OF OTHER

499
00:16:38,662 --> 00:16:41,268
POSITIVE BEHAVIORS.

500
00:16:41,268 --> 00:16:41,496
YOU WOULD WANT TO ADJUST

501
00:16:41,496 --> 00:16:41,728
FOR THOSE THINGS TO FIND

502
00:16:41,728 --> 00:16:42,003
OUT HOW  MUCH OF THE PATHWAY

503
00:16:42,003 --> 00:16:42,269
IS MEDIATED THROUGH BETTER

504
00:16:42,269 --> 00:16:43,270
 BEHAVIOR.

505
00:16:43,270 --> 00:16:51,278
SOME OF IT IS.

506
00:16:51,278 --> 00:16:52,394
THAT IS A DEMONSTRATED

507
00:16:52,394 --> 00:16:53,833
CAUSAL PATHWAY THAT MATTERS,

508
00:16:53,833 --> 00:16:54,989
BUT  ALSO, THE ROLE OF

509
00:16:54,989 --> 00:16:56,249
ATTENDANCE IN PROVIDING

510
00:16:56,249 --> 00:16:59,691
 A BROADER REACH  FOR SOCIAL

511
00:16:59,691 --> 00:17:03,256
NETWORKS AND SOCIAL SUPPORT.

512
00:17:03,256 --> 00:17:04,359
PEOPLE WHO ATTEND RELIGIOUS

513
00:17:04,359 --> 00:17:05,271
SERVICES REGULARLY ARE

514
00:17:05,271 --> 00:17:06,075
MORE  LIKELY TO GET

515
00:17:06,075 --> 00:17:07,260
MARRIED, STAY MARRIED, MORE

516
00:17:07,260 --> 00:17:09,907
 LIKELY TO  SOCIALIZE WITH

517
00:17:09,907 --> 00:17:13,266
OTHERS AND HAVE LARGER NETWORKS.

518
00:17:13,266 --> 00:17:14,582
THEY ARE MORE LIKELY TO

519
00:17:14,582 --> 00:17:16,029
BELONG TO OTHER COMMUNITY

520
00:17:16,029 --> 00:17:17,503
ORGANIZATIONS ALSO AND TO

521
00:17:17,503 --> 00:17:19,272
VOLUNTEER FOR OTHER COMMUNITY

522
00:17:19,272 --> 00:17:21,437
  ORGANIZATIONS, AND TO

523
00:17:21,437 --> 00:17:23,914
PROVIDE SOCIAL SUPPORT FOR

524
00:17:23,914 --> 00:17:26,533
OTHERS AND  ALSO TO RECEIVE

525
00:17:26,533 --> 00:17:29,249
SOCIAL SUPPORT FROM OTHERS.

526
00:17:29,249 --> 00:17:30,042
THERE IS A LOT TO BE

527
00:17:30,042 --> 00:17:30,925
SAID ABOUT THAT SOCIAL

528
00:17:30,925 --> 00:17:31,987
CONTACT AND TIES  THAT THE

529
00:17:31,987 --> 00:17:33,253
CONGREGATION REPRESENTS A SORT

530
00:17:33,253 --> 00:17:34,833
 OF YEAH SNEAK SET OF  NETWORK

531
00:17:34,833 --> 00:17:36,256
TIES THAT CAN BE ACCESSED.

532
00:17:36,256 --> 00:17:39,646
IT IS A FAIRLY LARGE GROUP AND

533
00:17:39,646 --> 00:17:43,263
OFFERS A LOT OF  OPPORTUNITIES.

534
00:17:43,263 --> 00:17:44,597
FINALLY, THAT SOCIAL CAPITAL

535
00:17:44,597 --> 00:17:45,660
PART IS ANOTHER REALLY

536
00:17:45,660 --> 00:17:46,988
IMPORTANT PART OF BELONGING

537
00:17:46,988 --> 00:17:48,268
TO COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS

538
00:17:48,268 --> 00:17:51,029
 THAT  BRIDGE WITH OTHER

539
00:17:51,029 --> 00:17:54,537
COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS OR THAT

540
00:17:54,537 --> 00:17:58,278
BOND VERY  TIGHTLY WITHIN THEM.

541
00:17:58,278 --> 00:17:58,510
I THINK OF ALL THOSE AS

542
00:17:58,510 --> 00:17:58,756
SOME OF THE DEMONSTRATED

543
00:17:58,756 --> 00:17:59,007
EMPIRICAL  WAY RELIGIOUS

544
00:17:59,007 --> 00:17:59,279
ATTENDANCE IS ATTACHED TO

545
00:17:59,279 --> 00:18:05,251
 BETTER HEALTH.

546
00:18:05,251 --> 00:18:08,538
THEY DON'T EXPLAIN ALL

547
00:18:08,538 --> 00:18:11,594
THE EFFECT, BUT THEY

548
00:18:11,594 --> 00:18:15,261
DO EXPLAIN SOME  OF IT.

549
00:18:15,261 --> 00:18:17,164
I WANT TO GO BACK TO THE

550
00:18:17,164 --> 00:18:19,333
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION'S

551
00:18:19,333 --> 00:18:21,383
DEFINITION AGAIN, BECAUSE

552
00:18:21,383 --> 00:18:23,269
CERTAINLY, RELIGION IS

553
00:18:23,269 --> 00:18:24,968
 A COMMUNITY  INTO WHICH

554
00:18:24,968 --> 00:18:26,690
WE ARE BORN, OR NOT, BUT

555
00:18:26,690 --> 00:18:28,300
THOSE CIRCUMSTANCES OF

556
00:18:28,300 --> 00:18:30,276
LIFE IN WHICH WE ARE BORN,

557
00:18:30,276 --> 00:18:31,175
 GROW UP, LIVE, WORK AND

558
00:18:31,175 --> 00:18:32,124
AGE ARE  REALLY IMPORTANT

559
00:18:32,124 --> 00:18:33,205
WITH A LIFE COURSE DIMENSION

560
00:18:33,205 --> 00:18:34,247
THAT ALSO HAS  ITS BIGGEST

561
00:18:34,247 --> 00:18:35,448
 IMPACT LATER IN LIFE,

562
00:18:35,448 --> 00:18:37,250
ESPECIALLY IN CHRONIC  DISEASES.

563
00:18:37,250 --> 00:18:40,253
I WOULD SAY THIS IS WHAT I KNEW.

564
00:18:40,253 --> 00:18:45,345
I KNEW WHAT THE INDIVIDUAL

565
00:18:45,345 --> 00:18:49,262
LEVEL RESEARCH WAS.

566
00:18:49,262 --> 00:18:52,766
IT WAS JUST MORE AND MORE OF

567
00:18:52,766 --> 00:18:56,456
IT, AND ALWAYS THERE WAS THIS

568
00:18:56,456 --> 00:19:00,273
DEMONSTRATED POSITIVE EFFECT.

569
00:19:00,273 --> 00:19:01,835
BUT I THINK IN THE GROWING

570
00:19:01,835 --> 00:19:03,357
PART OF MY JOURNEY WAS IN

571
00:19:03,357 --> 00:19:05,098
COMING  TO EMORY UNIVERSITY,

572
00:19:05,098 --> 00:19:06,279
WHERE THEY WEREN'T

573
00:19:06,279 --> 00:19:07,667
 NECESSARILY DOING  ANY

574
00:19:07,667 --> 00:19:09,317
RESEARCH AT ALL OR THINKING

575
00:19:09,317 --> 00:19:10,941
ABOUT THE ROLE OF RELIGION

576
00:19:10,941 --> 00:19:12,252
IN INDIVIDUAL LIVES.

577
00:19:12,252 --> 00:19:14,003
THEY WERE MORE INTERESTED

578
00:19:14,003 --> 00:19:15,637
IN THINKING ABOUT IT AS

579
00:19:15,637 --> 00:19:17,013
A FOCUS  FOR SOCIAL

580
00:19:17,013 --> 00:19:19,259
ORGANIZATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS

581
00:19:19,259 --> 00:19:19,749
 IN THE COMMUNITY,  FAITH

582
00:19:19,749 --> 00:19:20,147
-BASED ORGANIZATIONS

583
00:19:20,147 --> 00:19:20,653
PARTICULARLY, AND THE WAY

584
00:19:20,653 --> 00:19:21,261
IN WHICH  THOSE ORGANIZATIONS

585
00:19:21,261 --> 00:19:24,114
 WORKED WITH PUBLIC

586
00:19:24,114 --> 00:19:27,267
HEALTH INSTITUTIONS.

587
00:19:27,267 --> 00:19:28,213
I CAME TO EMORY ON THIS

588
00:19:28,213 --> 00:19:29,136
RELIGION AND HEALTH --

589
00:19:29,136 --> 00:19:30,270
PUBLIC HEALTH  INITIATIVE.

590
00:19:30,270 --> 00:19:32,914
THIS IS WHERE THINGS STARTED

591
00:19:32,914 --> 00:19:35,275
TO GET MORE COMPLICATED.

592
00:19:35,275 --> 00:19:38,386
IT WAS BROADENING MY WORLD

593
00:19:38,386 --> 00:19:41,196
IN A BIG WAY AND MAKING

594
00:19:41,196 --> 00:19:44,250
IT MORE  CONFUSING ALSO.

595
00:19:44,250 --> 00:19:46,252
IN TRYING TO PUT SOME OF THESE

596
00:19:46,252 --> 00:19:48,254
ISSUES TOGETHER -- I'M SORRY.

597
00:19:48,254 --> 00:19:53,579
THERE IS A BIG BAR ACROSS

598
00:19:53,579 --> 00:19:58,264
THE TOP OF MY SLIDES.

599
00:19:58,264 --> 00:19:58,507
I HOPE IT IS NOT BLOCKING

600
00:19:58,507 --> 00:20:03,540
YOUR VIEW, BUT I'M INTRODUCING

601
00:20:03,540 --> 00:20:03,741
TWO  OF THE THREE CO

602
00:20:03,741 --> 00:20:04,003
-AUTHORS FOR THE PAPER WE

603
00:20:04,003 --> 00:20:12,011
 DID.

604
00:20:12,011 --> 00:20:17,219
BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL

605
00:20:17,219 --> 00:20:22,991
INVITED PAPER THAT WAS TO

606
00:20:22,991 --> 00:20:28,994
BRING OUT  CONTROVERSIES.

607
00:20:28,994 --> 00:20:31,472
I INVITED JAMES COCHRANE,

608
00:20:31,472 --> 00:20:33,782
HE WAS A FACULTY MEMBER

609
00:20:33,782 --> 00:20:36,444
AT THE  UNIVERSITY OF CAPE

610
00:20:36,444 --> 00:20:39,004
TOWN IN SOUTH AFRICA AND

611
00:20:39,004 --> 00:20:39,591
 WORKED ON A LOT  OF PROJECTS

612
00:20:39,591 --> 00:20:40,063
FOR TO THE WORLD HEALTH

613
00:20:40,063 --> 00:20:40,545
ORGANIZATION, RELIGIOUS

614
00:20:40,545 --> 00:20:41,006
ENTITIES THEY DID GIS

615
00:20:41,006 --> 00:20:48,013
 MAPPING FOR.

616
00:20:48,013 --> 00:20:48,331
HIS WORK WAS REALLY FOUNDATIONAL

617
00:20:48,331 --> 00:20:48,592
IN THINKING ABOUT ALL THIS

618
00:20:48,592 --> 00:20:48,819
AT THE ORGANIZATIONAL,

619
00:20:48,819 --> 00:20:49,014
NOT THE INDIVIDUAL

620
00:20:49,014 --> 00:20:58,991
 LEVEL.

621
00:20:58,991 --> 00:21:00,002
ANOTHER CO-AUTHOR WAS JOHN

622
00:21:00,002 --> 00:21:01,026
BLEVINS, WHO HAS WRITTEN A

623
00:21:01,026 --> 00:21:02,071
LOT --  THIS IS HIS RECENT

624
00:21:02,071 --> 00:21:02,995
BOOK ON CHRISTIANITY'S

625
00:21:02,995 --> 00:21:08,121
 ROLE IN GLOBAL  HEALTH AND

626
00:21:08,121 --> 00:21:14,006
DEVELOPMENT, FASCINATING WORK.

627
00:21:14,006 --> 00:21:15,150
HE WORKED A LOT ON

628
00:21:15,150 --> 00:21:16,515
THE CHAMPS PROJECT OF

629
00:21:16,515 --> 00:21:18,010
THE GATES  FOUNDATION.

630
00:21:18,010 --> 00:21:30,786
VERY ATTACHED TO GLOBAL

631
00:21:30,786 --> 00:21:48,007
HEALTH IN A WAY THAT I AM NOT.

632
00:26:15,007 --> 00:26:19,256
THE THIRD AUTHOR -- THE

633
00:26:19,256 --> 00:26:24,983
OFFICIAL GUIDELINES BEFORE THE

634
00:26:24,983 --> 00:26:27,107
 SAFE PRACTICES  WERE

635
00:26:27,107 --> 00:26:29,770
DISREGARDED, THEY REQUIRED

636
00:26:29,770 --> 00:26:32,591
THE PLACEMENT OF THE CORPSE

637
00:26:32,591 --> 00:26:34,993
IN BLACK BODY BAGS AND

638
00:26:34,993 --> 00:26:36,633
 THE POOR TREATMENT OF

639
00:26:36,633 --> 00:26:37,994
THE DECEASED  WERE

640
00:26:37,994 --> 00:26:39,689
CONSIDERED REALLY VERY

641
00:26:39,689 --> 00:26:42,000
OBJECTIONABLE BY MANY PEOPLE.

642
00:26:42,000 --> 00:26:43,001
INTERNATIONAL FAITH-BASED

643
00:26:43,001 --> 00:26:43,975
ORGANIZATIONS DECIDED TO

644
00:26:43,975 --> 00:26:44,845
WORK WITH  THE WHO TO

645
00:26:44,845 --> 00:26:46,004
IDENTIFY A NEW PROTOCOL FOR

646
00:26:46,004 --> 00:26:48,083
 WHAT WERE NOW CALLED  SAFE

647
00:26:48,083 --> 00:26:50,008
AND DIGNIFIED PRACTICES.

648
00:26:50,008 --> 00:26:53,512
THOSE REVISED GUIDELINES

649
00:26:53,512 --> 00:26:57,015
WERE PUBLISHED IN 2014.

650
00:26:57,015 --> 00:26:57,788
IF THEY PUBLISH GUIDELINES

651
00:26:57,788 --> 00:26:58,480
IN 2014 IN SWITZERLAND,

652
00:26:58,480 --> 00:26:59,248
THAT  DOESN'T NECESSARILY

653
00:26:59,248 --> 00:26:59,985
MEAN IT IS GOING TO GET

654
00:26:59,985 --> 00:27:05,991
 ON THE GROUND.

655
00:27:05,991 --> 00:27:09,566
BUT THIS IS WHERE THE KEY ROLE

656
00:27:09,566 --> 00:27:12,966
OF FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATIONS

657
00:27:12,966 --> 00:27:16,001
MADE ALL THE DIFFERENCE.

658
00:27:16,001 --> 00:27:17,634
AN ORGANIZATION CALLED FOCUS

659
00:27:17,634 --> 00:27:19,052
1,000, IT IS NAMED FOR A

660
00:27:19,052 --> 00:27:20,560
FOCUS  ON THE FIRST 1,000

661
00:27:20,560 --> 00:27:22,007
DAYS OF A CHILD'S LIFE,

662
00:27:22,007 --> 00:27:25,010
 THEY ORGANIZED A  MEETING

663
00:27:25,010 --> 00:27:27,601
OF TWO GROUPS THEY HAD

664
00:27:27,601 --> 00:27:31,016
CALLED TOGETHER IN THE PAST.

665
00:27:31,016 --> 00:27:34,680
THERE WERE EXISTING SOCIAL

666
00:27:34,680 --> 00:27:39,124
NETWORKS AND TIES, THE ISLAMIST

667
00:27:39,124 --> 00:27:42,995
GROUP AND CHRISTIAN GROUP.

668
00:27:42,995 --> 00:27:44,957
THEY CALLED A MEETING FOR

669
00:27:44,957 --> 00:27:46,946
TWO DAYS OF CLERGY, IMAMS

670
00:27:46,946 --> 00:27:49,055
ANDEESES  TO COME TOGETHER

671
00:27:49,055 --> 00:27:51,003
TO PREPARE MESSAGES FOR

672
00:27:51,003 --> 00:27:51,696
 THEIR COMMUNITIES  THAT

673
00:27:51,696 --> 00:27:52,427
THEY COULD DISTRIBUTE OUT

674
00:27:52,427 --> 00:27:53,231
TO THEIR DISTRICTS AND DOWN

675
00:27:53,231 --> 00:27:54,006
TO INDIVIDUAL COMMUNITIES

676
00:27:54,006 --> 00:28:04,016
 AND CONGREGATIONS.

677
00:28:04,016 --> 00:28:05,136
THIS MEETING THAT TOOK

678
00:28:05,136 --> 00:28:06,483
PLACE IN THE CAPITAL WAS A

679
00:28:06,483 --> 00:28:07,986
PIVOT  POINT FOR THE CRISIS.

680
00:28:07,986 --> 00:28:10,928
THE FAITH LEADERS PLAYED

681
00:28:10,928 --> 00:28:13,992
A TRANSFORMATIONAL ROLE.

682
00:28:13,992 --> 00:28:15,994
I HAVE A BUNCH OF RESOURCES HERE

683
00:28:15,994 --> 00:28:17,965
THAT YOU CAN SEE AND  FOLLOW --

684
00:28:17,965 --> 00:28:19,998
YOU COULD GET THE SLIDES AND BE

685
00:28:19,998 --> 00:28:23,335
 ABLE TO TOLL LOW  THE LINKS

686
00:28:23,335 --> 00:28:26,368
IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO READ

687
00:28:26,368 --> 00:28:30,008
REPORTS ABOUT THESE  EFFORTS.

688
00:28:30,008 --> 00:28:31,606
THE SAFE AND DIGNIFIED BURIAL

689
00:28:31,606 --> 00:28:32,945
PRACTICES ALLOWED PEOPLE

690
00:28:32,945 --> 00:28:34,366
TO  RESPECT THE RELIGIOUS

691
00:28:34,366 --> 00:28:36,014
RITUALS THAT ARE TRADITIONAL

692
00:28:36,014 --> 00:28:37,799
 AND  IMPORTANT TO PEOPLE,

693
00:28:37,799 --> 00:28:39,823
AND THEY CHANGED THE COLOR OF

694
00:28:39,823 --> 00:28:41,987
THE BAGS  FROM BLACK TO WHITE.

695
00:28:41,987 --> 00:28:43,855
IT WAS MUCH MORE RESPECTFUL,

696
00:28:43,855 --> 00:28:45,151
BUT IT ALSO DID NOT

697
00:28:45,151 --> 00:28:46,992
INVOLVE  PHYSICAL CONTACT.

698
00:28:46,992 --> 00:28:48,824
THEREFORE, IT PROTECTED THE

699
00:28:48,824 --> 00:28:50,996
COMMUNITY IN A MUCH BETTER WAY.

700
00:28:50,996 --> 00:28:54,703
HERE IS A POSTER THAT WAS

701
00:28:54,703 --> 00:28:59,004
USED TO SPREAD THE MESSAGES.

702
00:28:59,004 --> 00:28:59,238
YOU COULD SEE THIS MESSAGE

703
00:28:59,238 --> 00:28:59,467
IS FROM RELIGIOUS LEADERS

704
00:28:59,467 --> 00:28:59,736
AND  FOCUS 1,000, AND SOME OF

705
00:28:59,736 --> 00:29:00,005
THE SPONSORING ORGANIZATIONS

706
00:29:00,005 --> 00:29:11,016
 HERE.

707
00:29:11,016 --> 00:29:13,862
THIS BANNER AND A NUMBER

708
00:29:13,862 --> 00:29:16,506
OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS AND

709
00:29:16,506 --> 00:29:19,567
BOOKS ARE  ALL PART OF AN

710
00:29:19,567 --> 00:29:22,995
EXHIBIT THAT WAS AT THE CDC

711
00:29:22,995 --> 00:29:24,936
 MUSEUM HERE IN  ATLANTA

712
00:29:24,936 --> 00:29:26,658
THAT WAS ORGANIZED, A

713
00:29:26,658 --> 00:29:28,746
WHOLE EXHIBIT ABOUT CDC'S

714
00:29:28,746 --> 00:29:31,003
ROLE  IN THE EBOLA CRISIS.

715
00:29:31,003 --> 00:29:31,266
THE CENTER OF THE EXHIBIT WAS

716
00:29:31,266 --> 00:29:31,524
A SORT OF CIRCULAR AREA THAT

717
00:29:31,524 --> 00:29:31,797
CONTAINED OFF THE INFORMATION

718
00:29:31,797 --> 00:29:32,004
ABOUT THE FAITH-BASED

719
00:29:32,004 --> 00:29:36,008
  RESPONSE.

720
00:29:36,008 --> 00:29:38,260
IT WAS KIND OF THE

721
00:29:38,260 --> 00:29:41,013
HEART OF THE EXHIBIT.

722
00:29:41,013 --> 00:29:44,151
IT RAN FOR QUITE A

723
00:29:44,151 --> 00:29:47,986
WHILE, ALMOST A YEAR.

724
00:29:47,986 --> 00:29:48,987
IT WAS A REMARKABLE EXHIBIT.

725
00:29:48,987 --> 00:29:50,989
IT HAD BEEN DIGITIZED.

726
00:29:50,989 --> 00:29:51,361
IF YOU GO TO THE CDC MUSEUM'S

727
00:29:51,361 --> 00:29:51,676
WEBSITE, YOU CAN SEE THE

728
00:29:51,676 --> 00:29:51,990
EXHIBIT THE WAY IT WAS.

729
00:29:51,990 --> 00:29:56,995
YOU COULD TRAVEL THROUGH IT.

730
00:29:56,995 --> 00:30:03,385
IT IS REALLY INTERESTING,

731
00:30:03,385 --> 00:30:09,007
THE PROJECT THEY DID.

732
00:30:09,007 --> 00:30:10,553
DR. JALLOH, WHO WAS THE CO

733
00:30:10,553 --> 00:30:12,060
-AUTHOR ON THE PAPER, HIS

734
00:30:12,060 --> 00:30:13,537
FATHER  IS THE ORGANIZER

735
00:30:13,537 --> 00:30:15,013
WHO HAD A CAREER AT THE

736
00:30:15,013 --> 00:30:16,337
 UNITED NATIONS, OF  FOCUS

737
00:30:16,337 --> 00:30:18,016
1,000 AND ROUTING THIS TOGETHER.

738
00:30:18,016 --> 00:30:20,555
MUHAMMAD, JR. WAS

739
00:30:20,555 --> 00:30:23,989
ALSO INVOLVED WITH IT.

740
00:30:23,989 --> 00:30:24,653
HE TOLD US AT A SEMINAR

741
00:30:24,653 --> 00:30:25,384
WE WERE DOING THAT HE WAS

742
00:30:25,384 --> 00:30:26,099
BRINGING  BACK MATERIALS

743
00:30:26,099 --> 00:30:26,992
FROM THAT MEETING TO PUT INTO

744
00:30:26,992 --> 00:30:40,005
 THE CDC'S  MUSEUM.

745
00:30:40,005 --> 00:30:40,821
WHAT IS IN HERE IN THE CASE,

746
00:30:40,821 --> 00:30:41,589
IN MY AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHY,

747
00:30:41,589 --> 00:30:42,314
IS A  KORAN PRESENTED TO

748
00:30:42,314 --> 00:30:43,008
THE CDC BY THE ISLAMIC

749
00:30:43,008 --> 00:30:44,539
 ACTION GROUP

750
00:30:44,539 --> 00:30:47,012
THROUGH FOCUS 1,000.

751
00:30:48,013 --> 00:30:53,985
THAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF THE KORAN.

752
00:30:53,985 --> 00:30:56,573
HERE IS AN EXAMPLE OF

753
00:30:56,573 --> 00:30:59,220
A BIBLE THAT WAS USED

754
00:30:59,220 --> 00:31:01,993
AT THE SAME  MEETING.

755
00:31:01,993 --> 00:31:02,933
THERE'S ALSO A FACEBOOK

756
00:31:02,933 --> 00:31:03,927
LINK, IF YOU WANT TO SEE

757
00:31:03,927 --> 00:31:04,983
MUHAMMAD  AND THE CURATOR

758
00:31:04,983 --> 00:31:05,997
DISCUSSING THE EXHIBIT.

759
00:31:05,997 --> 00:31:09,809
SHE TOLD US IT WAS HER

760
00:31:09,809 --> 00:31:15,006
FAVORITE PART OF THE EXHIBIT.

761
00:31:15,006 --> 00:31:16,466
THE MARKED PASSAGE HERE IS

762
00:31:16,466 --> 00:31:17,887
FROM LEVITICUS 13, BUT IF

763
00:31:17,887 --> 00:31:19,334
THE  SPOT IS WHITE IN THE

764
00:31:19,334 --> 00:31:21,012
SKIN OF THE BODY AND APPEARS

765
00:31:21,012 --> 00:31:24,847
 NO DEEPER  THAN THE SKIN,

766
00:31:24,847 --> 00:31:29,045
THE PRIEST SHALL SHUT UP THE

767
00:31:29,045 --> 00:31:33,992
DISEASED PERSON  FOR SEVEN DAYS.

768
00:31:33,992 --> 00:31:37,085
THE OWNER OF THIS BIBLE

769
00:31:37,085 --> 00:31:40,112
HAS WRITTEN QUARANTINE

770
00:31:40,112 --> 00:31:43,001
IN THE MARGIN  HERE.

771
00:31:43,001 --> 00:31:44,503
THIS WAS A REMARKABLE SET

772
00:31:44,503 --> 00:31:46,085
OF THINGS THAT CAME TO THE

773
00:31:46,085 --> 00:31:47,515
CDC, I  THINK, AND MANY

774
00:31:47,515 --> 00:31:49,007
PEOPLE SAW THE EXHIBIT.

775
00:31:49,007 --> 00:31:51,672
I THINK THE ROLE OF-FACE-

776
00:31:51,672 --> 00:31:54,263
BASE ORGANIZATIONS GOING

777
00:31:54,263 --> 00:31:57,124
FROM BEING  HELPERS IN THE

778
00:31:57,124 --> 00:31:59,985
BEGINNING THE, TO CLEARLY

779
00:31:59,985 --> 00:32:01,124
 BEING ONE OF THE  MOST

780
00:32:01,124 --> 00:32:02,379
RISKY PARTS OF THE ENTIRE

781
00:32:02,379 --> 00:32:03,659
-- MOST RAPIDLY SPREADING

782
00:32:03,659 --> 00:32:04,990
PARTS OF THE DISEASE, AND

783
00:32:04,990 --> 00:32:08,673
 THEN TO PIVOT AGAIN TO

784
00:32:08,673 --> 00:32:12,998
BEING THE  BIGGER HELPERS.

785
00:32:12,998 --> 00:32:14,980
THE MEETING OF THE CLERGY

786
00:32:14,980 --> 00:32:16,747
THAT TOOK PLACE IN THE

787
00:32:16,747 --> 00:32:18,795
CAPITAL  THEN DISTRIBUTED

788
00:32:18,795 --> 00:32:21,006
ALL THE TEACHINGS, SO THEY

789
00:32:21,006 --> 00:32:22,269
 WROTE SERMONS,  THEY SENT

790
00:32:22,269 --> 00:32:23,648
TEXT MESSAGES TO INDIVIDUALS

791
00:32:23,648 --> 00:32:24,653
EVERY DAY TO COMBINE

792
00:32:24,653 --> 00:32:26,011
PUBLIC HEALTH AND RELIGION

793
00:32:26,011 --> 00:32:30,997
 MESSAGES, THEY SUGGESTED

794
00:32:30,997 --> 00:32:34,986
SCRIPTURE READINGS.

795
00:32:34,986 --> 00:32:36,687
BASICALLY, JUST DEVELOPED

796
00:32:36,687 --> 00:32:38,479
THE MATERIALS FOR TEACHING

797
00:32:38,479 --> 00:32:40,096
PEOPLE  ABOUT EBOLA AND

798
00:32:40,096 --> 00:32:41,993
THE WAY THERE ARE MESSAGES

799
00:32:41,993 --> 00:32:43,595
 AND TEXTS THAT  SUPPORT

800
00:32:43,595 --> 00:32:45,297
THE PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS

801
00:32:45,297 --> 00:32:46,998
THAT NEEDED TO BE TAKEN.

802
00:32:46,998 --> 00:32:52,638
THIS IS A POSTER THAT

803
00:32:52,638 --> 00:32:58,009
WAS IN THE EXHIBIT.

804
00:32:58,009 --> 00:33:00,284
OCTOBER 2014 WAS WHEN THE

805
00:33:00,284 --> 00:33:02,604
SAFE AND DIGNIFIED BURIAL

806
00:33:02,604 --> 00:33:05,016
PRACTICES WERE PUBLISHED.

807
00:33:05,016 --> 00:33:05,509
THEN IT TOOK THEM A MONTH

808
00:33:05,509 --> 00:33:05,908
OR SO TO DEVELOP THE

809
00:33:05,908 --> 00:33:06,395
GUIDELINES,  AND YOU CAN

810
00:33:06,395 --> 00:33:06,985
SEE FOREVER AFTER, THE CASES

811
00:33:06,985 --> 00:33:12,991
 WERE FALLING.

812
00:33:12,991 --> 00:33:18,997
THIS PIVOT OCCURRED AT A MOMENT.

813
00:33:18,997 --> 00:33:20,614
I CAN'T MAKE A CAUSAL

814
00:33:20,614 --> 00:33:22,562
ARGUMENT, BUT CLEARLY WAS

815
00:33:22,562 --> 00:33:24,784
ONE OF THE  LAST THINGS THAT

816
00:33:24,784 --> 00:33:27,005
HAPPENED BEFORE THE DECLINE

817
00:33:27,005 --> 00:33:31,009
 STARTED, WHERE  IT WAS GOING ON

818
00:33:31,009 --> 00:33:35,013
LONGER THAN IN OTHER COUNTRIES.

819
00:33:35,013 --> 00:33:35,234
THIS WAS THE WAY THAT I

820
00:33:35,234 --> 00:33:35,449
WAS TRYING TO STRUGGLE

821
00:33:35,449 --> 00:33:35,707
WITH WHAT ARE  SOME OF THE

822
00:33:35,707 --> 00:33:36,014
CONTRADICTION AND COMPLEXITIES

823
00:33:37,015 --> 00:33:45,991
 HERE.

824
00:33:45,991 --> 00:33:50,260
IF WE KNOW THAT PARTICIPATION

825
00:33:50,260 --> 00:33:53,991
IN RELIGIOUS PRACTICES IS

826
00:33:53,991 --> 00:33:57,498
MAINLY PROTECTIVE, THAT

827
00:33:57,498 --> 00:34:01,006
IS ROCK SOLID EVIDENCE

828
00:34:02,007 --> 00:34:04,028
 THAT NO ONE  WILL EVER BE

829
00:34:04,028 --> 00:34:05,919
ABLE TO REALLY CHALLENGE

830
00:34:05,919 --> 00:34:07,926
-- I WILL SKIP THE  COVID

831
00:34:07,926 --> 00:34:10,015
PART -- THERE WILL -- THE

832
00:34:10,015 --> 00:34:11,434
 WAY THE ARTICLE IS LAID

833
00:34:11,434 --> 00:34:12,752
OUT,  FIRST WE LAY OUT

834
00:34:12,752 --> 00:34:14,278
THE INFORMATION ABOUT THE

835
00:34:14,278 --> 00:34:15,987
INDIVIDUAL LEVEL,  WHICH IS

836
00:34:15,987 --> 00:34:19,061
 FAIRLY SIMPLE, AS FAR AS

837
00:34:19,061 --> 00:34:22,994
WHICH WAY THE RISK FACTORS  GO.

838
00:34:22,994 --> 00:34:24,500
BUT THEN IT SEEMS THERE

839
00:34:24,500 --> 00:34:26,025
ARE LOTS OF BENEFITS OF

840
00:34:26,025 --> 00:34:27,912
PARTNERSHIPS  BETWEEN PUBLIC

841
00:34:27,912 --> 00:34:30,001
HEALTH AGENCIES AND-FACE-BASED

842
00:34:30,001 --> 00:34:30,229
 ORGANIZATIONS  AND THE

843
00:34:30,229 --> 00:34:30,470
EBOLA CRISIS IS A NICELY

844
00:34:30,470 --> 00:34:30,746
COMPLICATED ONE, WHERE THEY

845
00:34:30,746 --> 00:34:31,002
TAKE DIFFERENT ROLES AND

846
00:34:31,002 --> 00:34:37,008
 THINGS GET WORKED OUT.

847
00:34:37,008 --> 00:34:37,775
BUT THERE ARE MANY, MANY

848
00:34:37,775 --> 00:34:38,488
EXAMPLES OF THE PUBLIC

849
00:34:38,488 --> 00:34:39,283
HEALTH  EFFORTS OF FAITH

850
00:34:39,283 --> 00:34:40,011
-BASED ORGANIZATIONS.

851
00:34:40,011 --> 00:34:41,540
SINCE WE HAVE A LITTLE TIME,

852
00:34:41,540 --> 00:34:43,014
WE COULD TALK ABOUT COVID.

853
00:34:43,014 --> 00:34:48,826
THERE'S A LOT MORE

854
00:34:48,826 --> 00:34:53,992
EXAMPLES THERE.

855
00:34:53,992 --> 00:34:56,347
THE THIRD PART, AND THIS

856
00:34:56,347 --> 00:34:58,733
WAS VERY MUCH ON MY MIND

857
00:34:58,733 --> 00:35:01,165
A YEAR AGO  OR SO IN THE

858
00:35:01,165 --> 00:35:04,002
WAKE OF THE DECISION OF THE

859
00:35:04,002 --> 00:35:06,652
 SUPREME COURT, THAT  THERE

860
00:35:06,652 --> 00:35:08,939
ARE TIMES WHEN RELIGION

861
00:35:08,939 --> 00:35:11,678
AND THE STATE COME TOGETHER

862
00:35:11,678 --> 00:35:14,012
IN  A WAY IN WHICH THE

863
00:35:14,012 --> 00:35:18,523
 RELIGIOUS PRACTICES AND

864
00:35:18,523 --> 00:35:23,285
BELIEFS OF ONE  GROUP ARE

865
00:35:23,285 --> 00:35:27,753
BEING IMPOSED ON OTHERS

866
00:35:27,753 --> 00:35:32,998
IN A VERY DETRIMENTAL WAY.

867
00:35:32,998 --> 00:35:33,233
WHERE WE THINK ABOUT THE

868
00:35:33,233 --> 00:35:33,462
MOST HARM BEING DONE BY

869
00:35:33,462 --> 00:35:33,695
RELIGION IN  THE PUBLIC

870
00:35:33,695 --> 00:35:33,999
HEALTH CONTEXT IS REALLY WHEN

871
00:35:33,999 --> 00:35:34,458
 IT ARISES TO THE

872
00:35:34,458 --> 00:35:35,000
POWER OF THE STATE.

873
00:35:35,000 --> 00:35:35,792
THE ORGANIZATION AND

874
00:35:35,792 --> 00:35:36,756
COMMUNITY AND INDIVIDUAL

875
00:35:36,756 --> 00:35:37,900
LEVELS, THERE  IS A LOT MORE

876
00:35:37,900 --> 00:35:39,004
POSSIBILITY FOR PROTECTIVE

877
00:35:39,004 --> 00:35:41,045
 EFFECTS, BUT THIS  IS THE

878
00:35:41,045 --> 00:35:42,875
WAY IT SEEMS LIKE I WAS

879
00:35:42,875 --> 00:35:45,065
ABLE TO ANSWER THE QUESTION

880
00:35:45,065 --> 00:35:47,012
ABOUT HOW CAN THESE TWO

881
00:35:47,012 --> 00:35:47,762
 THINGS BE TRUE, HOW CAN

882
00:35:47,762 --> 00:35:48,587
RELIGION BE  SO PROTECTIVE

883
00:35:48,587 --> 00:35:49,301
IN SOME CASES, AND YET

884
00:35:49,301 --> 00:35:50,015
SO HARMFUL IN OTHERS.

885
00:35:50,015 --> 00:35:52,984
THIS WAS GOING -- WE HAVE TIME.

886
00:35:52,984 --> 00:35:54,986
SHALL I GO ON TO THE COVID PART?

887
00:35:54,986 --> 00:35:58,990
OR QUESTIONS NOW?

888
00:35:58,990 --> 00:36:04,996
>> IT'S UP TO YOU.

889
00:36:04,996 --> 00:36:05,292
MAYBE FIVE, TEN MINUTES ON

890
00:36:05,292 --> 00:36:05,627
THE COVID PART, AND LEAVE THE

891
00:36:05,627 --> 00:36:05,997
REST FOR QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

892
00:36:05,997 --> 00:36:12,003
>> SURE.

893
00:36:12,003 --> 00:36:12,567
GIVE PEOPLE A CHANCE

894
00:36:12,567 --> 00:36:13,229
TO PUT QUESTIONS IN THE

895
00:36:13,229 --> 00:36:14,005
CHAT, IF THEY  WOULD LIKE.

896
00:36:14,005 --> 00:36:23,014
I WILL GO BACK TO THE TOP.

897
00:36:23,014 --> 00:36:25,339
IT WAS SEEMLY IRONIC TO ME THAT

898
00:36:25,339 --> 00:36:27,701
THE ONE SINGLE MOST  PROTECTIVE

899
00:36:27,701 --> 00:36:29,988
ASPECT OF RELIGION IN ALL THE

900
00:36:29,988 --> 00:36:30,493
 STUDIES THEY DID IN  THE

901
00:36:30,493 --> 00:36:30,985
REVIEW WAS ATTENDANCE AT

902
00:36:30,985 --> 00:36:31,488
RELIGIOUS SERVICES WAS A

903
00:36:31,488 --> 00:36:31,990
MOST  PROTECTIVE SINGLE

904
00:36:31,990 --> 00:36:33,992
 ASPECT OF RELIGION.

905
00:36:33,992 --> 00:36:38,997
THAT'S BECAUSE IT

906
00:36:38,997 --> 00:36:44,002
IS A SOCIAL TIE.

907
00:36:44,002 --> 00:36:45,824
BUT THAT WAS PRECISELY THE

908
00:36:45,824 --> 00:36:47,457
THING THAT WAS THE MOST

909
00:36:47,457 --> 00:36:49,414
PROBLEMATIC WHEN INFECTIOUS

910
00:36:49,414 --> 00:36:51,009
DISEASES ARE AT RISK.

911
00:36:51,009 --> 00:36:52,897
THE COVID EPIDEMIC WAS --

912
00:36:52,897 --> 00:36:55,013
PANDEMIC, WE GOT SHUT DOWN.

913
00:36:55,013 --> 00:36:56,998
RELIGIOUS CONGRESS GAUGES

914
00:36:56,998 --> 00:36:58,983
CERTAINLY GOT SHUT DOWN.

915
00:36:58,983 --> 00:37:04,117
IT JUST SEEMED VERY,

916
00:37:04,117 --> 00:37:08,993
VERY IRONIC TO ME.

917
00:37:08,993 --> 00:37:10,077
I GUESS YOU COULD SAY

918
00:37:10,077 --> 00:37:11,280
SOME OF THAT IS SIMILAR

919
00:37:11,280 --> 00:37:12,612
WITH THE EBOLA  EPIDEMIC,

920
00:37:12,612 --> 00:37:13,998
BUT IT WAS REALLY IRONIC.

921
00:37:13,998 --> 00:37:17,746
I HAD FIVE LESSONS FROM

922
00:37:17,746 --> 00:37:21,005
THE COVID RESPONSE.

923
00:37:21,005 --> 00:37:22,825
EVERYBODY IS THINKING ABOUT

924
00:37:22,825 --> 00:37:24,463
COVID, AND I WAS TELLING

925
00:37:24,463 --> 00:37:26,064
JOAN  BEFORE WE STARTED

926
00:37:26,064 --> 00:37:28,012
THAT I WAS SUPPOSED TO GIVE

927
00:37:28,012 --> 00:37:32,242
 THE DAVID  LARSON LECTURE AT

928
00:37:32,242 --> 00:37:36,394
DUKE UNIVERSITY ON MARCH 12,

929
00:37:36,394 --> 00:37:40,992
THE DAY  EVERYTHING SHUT DOWN.

930
00:37:40,992 --> 00:37:41,878
I GAVE THE TALK TO NEXT

931
00:37:41,878 --> 00:37:42,969
YEAR, AND THIS WAS THE TALK,

932
00:37:42,969 --> 00:37:43,883
OR A  PART OF IT, ABOUT

933
00:37:43,883 --> 00:37:44,996
FIVE LESSONS FROM THE COVID

934
00:37:44,996 --> 00:37:46,074
 RESPONSE, A  VERY DIFFERENT

935
00:37:46,074 --> 00:37:46,978
TALK I WOULD HAVE GIVEN

936
00:37:46,978 --> 00:37:47,999
THE DAY IT GOT  CANCELED.

937
00:37:47,999 --> 00:37:50,122
I HAVE A SLIDE

938
00:37:50,122 --> 00:37:53,004
FOR EACH OF THESE.

939
00:37:53,004 --> 00:37:56,683
FAITH COMMUNITIES ARE

940
00:37:56,683 --> 00:38:00,011
EXPERT ORGANIZERS.

941
00:38:00,011 --> 00:38:03,439
THIS IS AN AMAZING PHOTOGRAPH

942
00:38:03,439 --> 00:38:06,985
FROM THE SALISBURY CATHEDRAL.

943
00:38:06,985 --> 00:38:11,179
GUESS THEY HAD A DRONE

944
00:38:11,179 --> 00:38:14,993
TAKING THE PICTURE.

945
00:38:14,993 --> 00:38:16,369
THESE ARE -- THIS IS A

946
00:38:16,369 --> 00:38:18,152
VACCINATION CENTER THEY JUST

947
00:38:18,152 --> 00:38:19,998
SET UP  ON JANUARY 20, 2021.

948
00:38:19,998 --> 00:38:20,910
I DON'T KNOW IF YOU HAVE

949
00:38:20,910 --> 00:38:21,839
BEEN THERE, BUT IT IS AN

950
00:38:21,839 --> 00:38:23,001
UNBELIEVABLY BEAUTIFUL PLACE.

951
00:38:23,001 --> 00:38:27,119
THE ORGANIZATION

952
00:38:27,119 --> 00:38:32,010
OF THIS WAS CLEAR.

953
00:38:32,010 --> 00:38:32,723
I HAVE A SLIDE I SHOW IN

954
00:38:32,723 --> 00:38:33,507
MY CLASS SOMETIMES ABOUT A

955
00:38:33,507 --> 00:38:34,306
NEW  MEANING FOR ORGANIZED

956
00:38:34,306 --> 00:38:35,013
RELIGION AND THE TITLE

957
00:38:35,013 --> 00:38:38,743
 FROM THE NEW  YORK TIMES HAS

958
00:38:38,743 --> 00:38:42,987
QUOTES ABOUT ORGANIZED RELIGION.

959
00:38:42,987 --> 00:38:43,238
I THOUGHT THIS PERSON HAS

960
00:38:43,238 --> 00:38:43,491
NEVER REALLY BEEN PART OF

961
00:38:43,491 --> 00:38:43,750
A GROUP,  BECAUSE I THINK

962
00:38:43,750 --> 00:38:43,988
MANY CONGREGATIONS ARE

963
00:38:43,988 --> 00:38:48,993
 EXTREMELY  WELL-ORGANIZED.

964
00:38:48,993 --> 00:38:51,949
THEY HAVE COMMITTEES,

965
00:38:51,949 --> 00:38:54,688
JOBS, DEADLINES AND

966
00:38:54,688 --> 00:38:58,002
THEY GET THINGS  DONE.

967
00:38:58,002 --> 00:38:59,754
THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF

968
00:38:59,754 --> 00:39:01,948
ORGANIZATION, AND A REASON

969
00:39:01,948 --> 00:39:04,265
FOR PUBLIC  HEALTH EIGHT TO

970
00:39:04,265 --> 00:39:07,011
PARTNER WITH FAITH COMMUNITIES.

971
00:39:07,011 --> 00:39:08,151
AT THE SAME TIME, MEDIA

972
00:39:08,151 --> 00:39:09,306
REPORTS ON RELIGION AND

973
00:39:09,306 --> 00:39:10,635
COVID, I  THINK, WERE MUCH

974
00:39:10,635 --> 00:39:12,016
MORE DRAWN TO THE CONFLICT

975
00:39:12,016 --> 00:39:16,096
 THAT WAS PRESENT  AND

976
00:39:16,096 --> 00:39:19,991
NOT THE COOPERATION.

977
00:39:19,991 --> 00:39:21,533
THERE'S JUST HEADLINES

978
00:39:21,533 --> 00:39:23,094
HERE THE OUTBREAK THAT

979
00:39:23,094 --> 00:39:24,757
TOOK PLACE IN  SEATTLE,

980
00:39:24,757 --> 00:39:26,998
WASHINGTON THAT WAS VERY EARLY

981
00:39:26,998 --> 00:39:29,385
 AND BEFORE ANYONE  REALLY KNEW

982
00:39:29,385 --> 00:39:31,578
WHAT WAS GOING ON, BUT THERE

983
00:39:31,578 --> 00:39:34,005
WERE A LOT OF  DEMONSTRATIONS.

984
00:39:35,006 --> 00:39:35,624
DURING THE PANDEMIC, I WAS IN

985
00:39:35,624 --> 00:39:36,316
NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY AND  WAS

986
00:39:36,316 --> 00:39:37,008
LISTENING TO THE NEW YORK NEWS.

987
00:39:37,008 --> 00:39:43,014
THERE WAS A LOT OF UNREST.

988
00:39:43,014 --> 00:39:47,001
AND BROOKLYN WAS DEMONSTRATING

989
00:39:47,001 --> 00:39:50,989
AND THERE WAS A LOT OF CHAOS.

990
00:39:50,989 --> 00:39:51,905
THE HARM THAT WAS DONE BY THE

991
00:39:51,905 --> 00:39:52,932
CLOSURE OF CHURCHES AND  TEMPLES

992
00:39:52,932 --> 00:39:53,992
AND MOSQUES WAS VERY DETRIMENTAL

993
00:39:53,992 --> 00:39:59,787
 TO THE MENTAL  HEALTH

994
00:39:59,787 --> 00:40:04,002
OF MANY PEOPLE.

995
00:40:04,002 --> 00:40:05,523
I THINK THAT MEDIA UNDERSCORING

996
00:40:05,523 --> 00:40:06,667
OF THE DOWNSIDES OF THE

997
00:40:06,667 --> 00:40:07,990
FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATIONS'

998
00:40:07,990 --> 00:40:09,007
RESPONSE WAS REALLY

999
00:40:09,007 --> 00:40:13,011
 DRAMATIC.

1000
00:40:13,011 --> 00:40:15,013
I THINK -- WE DID

1001
00:40:15,013 --> 00:40:17,015
A STUDY ON THIS.

1002
00:40:17,015 --> 00:40:19,825
IF WE HAVE EXTRA TIME, I

1003
00:40:19,825 --> 00:40:22,987
WILL BE HAPPY TO SHOW YOU.

1004
00:40:22,987 --> 00:40:23,197
TRUSTED MESSENGERS, I

1005
00:40:23,197 --> 00:40:23,451
THINK THAT BECAME A WATCH

1006
00:40:23,451 --> 00:40:23,689
WORD FOR  PEOPLE ON THE

1007
00:40:23,689 --> 00:40:23,988
WEBINARS THAT I WAS GOING TO

1008
00:40:23,988 --> 00:40:31,996
 DURING THE  PANDEMIC.

1009
00:40:31,996 --> 00:40:32,312
PARTNERSHIPS DEPEND ON TRUSTED

1010
00:40:32,312 --> 00:40:32,644
MESSENGERS AND FAMILIAR  SPACES

1011
00:40:32,644 --> 00:40:32,997
AND PLACES THAT PEOPLE FEEL SAFE

1012
00:40:32,997 --> 00:40:44,008
 COMING TO.

1013
00:40:44,008 --> 00:40:44,458
THIS WAS FROM THE SALT

1014
00:40:44,458 --> 00:40:44,934
LAKE TRIBUNE, SALT LAKE

1015
00:40:44,934 --> 00:40:45,483
COUNTY TAKING  VACCINES TO

1016
00:40:45,483 --> 00:40:46,010
BLACK CHURCHES, MOSQUES.

1017
00:40:46,010 --> 00:40:50,545
FAITH LEADERS ARE TRUSTED

1018
00:40:50,545 --> 00:40:55,987
MEMBERS OF THEIR COMMUNITIES.

1019
00:40:55,987 --> 00:40:57,016
THEY ARE ABLE TO REACH

1020
00:40:57,016 --> 00:40:58,152
HARD-TO-REACH MEMBERS OF

1021
00:40:58,152 --> 00:40:59,644
COMMUNITIES  AND TO HOST DRIVES

1022
00:40:59,644 --> 00:41:00,992
AND REPRESENT AN ABSOLUTELY

1023
00:41:00,992 --> 00:41:03,545
 INVALUABLE  RESOURCE FOR

1024
00:41:03,545 --> 00:41:05,997
PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCIES.

1025
00:41:05,997 --> 00:41:09,810
INTERFAITH ALLIANCES

1026
00:41:09,810 --> 00:41:14,005
ARE REALLY IMPORTANT.

1027
00:41:14,005 --> 00:41:16,674
THIS IS JUST THE COVER OF

1028
00:41:16,674 --> 00:41:19,180
A BOOKLET THAT THE TONY

1029
00:41:19,180 --> 00:41:22,013
BLAIR  INSTITUTE PUT OUT.

1030
00:41:22,013 --> 00:41:27,986
NO ONE WAS THERE FOR THE HAJJ.

1031
00:41:27,986 --> 00:41:28,987
THERE IS THE POPE SPEAKING TO AN

1032
00:41:28,987 --> 00:41:29,987
EMPTY SQUARE ON EASTER  SUNDAY.

1033
00:41:29,987 --> 00:41:38,996
TWO HAUNTING LOOKS.

1034
00:41:38,996 --> 00:41:39,268
BUT THE INTERFAITH GROUPS ARE

1035
00:41:39,268 --> 00:41:39,533
REALLY POWERFUL IN SPREADING

1036
00:41:39,533 --> 00:41:39,765
THE MESSAGE MUCH FURTHER

1037
00:41:39,765 --> 00:41:39,997
THAN JUST TO INDIVIDUAL

1038
00:41:39,997 --> 00:41:43,000
  ORGANIZATIONS.

1039
00:41:43,000 --> 00:41:46,199
FINALLY, A PREFERENCE

1040
00:41:46,199 --> 00:41:50,007
FOR THE MOST VULNERABLE.

1041
00:41:50,007 --> 00:41:51,953
THERE IS THE POPE SPEAKING

1042
00:41:51,953 --> 00:41:53,848
TO BE AN EMPTY CHAMBER AT

1043
00:41:53,848 --> 00:41:55,932
THE  UNITED NATIONS, URGING

1044
00:41:55,932 --> 00:41:58,015
VACCINES BE MADE AVAILABLE

1045
00:41:58,015 --> 00:42:00,640
 TO THE  POOREST, THE MOST

1046
00:42:00,640 --> 00:42:03,109
VULNERABLE AND THOSE WHO

1047
00:42:03,109 --> 00:42:05,990
EXPERIENCE  DISCRIMINATION.

1048
00:42:05,990 --> 00:42:06,481
I WOULD SAY THOSE ARE ALL

1049
00:42:06,481 --> 00:42:06,938
FIVE LESSONS FROM FAITH

1050
00:42:06,938 --> 00:42:07,465
-BASED  ORGANIZATIONS FROM

1051
00:42:07,465 --> 00:42:07,992
THE COVID RESPONSE THAT I

1052
00:42:07,992 --> 00:42:13,998
 THINK WERE THE  MOST IMPORTANT.

1053
00:42:13,998 --> 00:42:15,567
THEY DEFINITELY DON'T

1054
00:42:15,567 --> 00:42:17,094
NECESSARILY FIT WITH

1055
00:42:17,094 --> 00:42:19,003
THE MEDIA PORE  TRAYALS.

1056
00:42:19,003 --> 00:42:19,571
I THINK I WILL STOP

1057
00:42:19,571 --> 00:42:20,334
THERE, AND MAYBE WE COULD

1058
00:42:20,334 --> 00:42:21,005
HAVE SOME  QUESTIONS.

1059
00:42:21,005 --> 00:42:24,008
>> WONDERFUL.

1060
00:42:24,008 --> 00:42:31,015
THANK YOU SO MUCH.

1061
00:42:31,015 --> 00:42:33,259
THIS PRESENTATION REALLY

1062
00:42:33,259 --> 00:42:35,440
MEANT A LOT TO ME ON SO

1063
00:42:35,440 --> 00:42:37,570
MANY  LEVELS, NOT JUST

1064
00:42:37,570 --> 00:42:39,991
FROM OUR WORK AT THE NIH

1065
00:42:39,991 --> 00:42:42,248
 RELIGION,  SPIRITUALTY

1066
00:42:42,248 --> 00:42:44,932
AND HEALTH SCIENCE INTEREST

1067
00:42:44,932 --> 00:42:46,959
GROUP, BUT ALSO ON A

1068
00:42:46,959 --> 00:42:50,001
PERSONAL LEVEL, HAVING SERVED

1069
00:42:50,001 --> 00:42:50,822
 AS THE PEACE CORP. VOLUNTEER

1070
00:42:50,822 --> 00:42:51,569
IN KAFKA WHEN THERE WAS AN

1071
00:42:51,569 --> 00:42:52,272
EBOLA OUTBREAK AND BEING

1072
00:42:52,272 --> 00:42:53,004
A PART  OF A FAITH-BASED

1073
00:42:55,006 --> 00:42:57,381
 COMMUNITY OURSELF, WHERE WE

1074
00:42:57,381 --> 00:43:00,011
JOKE, WE LOVE  OUR COMMITTEES.

1075
00:43:00,011 --> 00:43:01,151
YOUR MESS ACT ABOUT HOW

1076
00:43:01,151 --> 00:43:02,355
ORGANIZED THE COMMITTEES

1077
00:43:02,355 --> 00:43:03,634
ARE AND  ABLE TO ACT, AND

1078
00:43:03,634 --> 00:43:05,016
SO MANY OTHER KEY MESSAGES

1079
00:43:05,016 --> 00:43:08,583
 AND POINTS YOU  CONVEYED,

1080
00:43:08,583 --> 00:43:11,799
AND THE PICTURES REALLY

1081
00:43:11,799 --> 00:43:15,993
BROUGHT THOSE MESSAGES  HOME.

1082
00:43:15,993 --> 00:43:18,281
THERE WAS SO MUCH INFORMATION,

1083
00:43:18,281 --> 00:43:20,291
THE CHANGING OF THE COLORS

1084
00:43:20,291 --> 00:43:21,870
OF  THE BAGS AND THE

1085
00:43:21,870 --> 00:43:24,001
CHANGING OF THE PROTOCOLS.

1086
00:43:24,001 --> 00:43:24,678
AND WOW, THAT REPORT, 246

1087
00:43:24,678 --> 00:43:25,313
PAGES AND RELIGION WITH

1088
00:43:25,313 --> 00:43:26,003
YOU NOT  EVEN MENTIONED.

1089
00:43:26,003 --> 00:43:29,006
I BELIEVED YOU, DON'T WORRY.

1090
00:43:29,006 --> 00:43:30,450
AT THIS TIME, I WOULD ASK

1091
00:43:30,450 --> 00:43:32,009
-- JUST THANK YOU SO MUCH.

1092
00:43:32,009 --> 00:43:35,915
THERE'S SO MUCH RICHNESS

1093
00:43:35,915 --> 00:43:39,984
THAT YOU SHARED WITH US.

1094
00:43:39,984 --> 00:43:41,128
I WANT TO OPEN IT UP FOR

1095
00:43:41,128 --> 00:43:42,582
FOLKS TO BE INVITED TO TURN ON

1096
00:43:42,582 --> 00:43:43,988
THEIR VIDEOS, ASK QUESTIONS.

1097
00:43:45,990 --> 00:43:48,493
I WILL START US OFF WITH

1098
00:43:48,493 --> 00:43:50,995
A QUESTION THAT I HAVE.

1099
00:43:50,995 --> 00:43:51,746
AS I AM ASKING, IF PEOPLE

1100
00:43:51,746 --> 00:43:52,446
COULD RAISE THEIR HANDS

1101
00:43:52,446 --> 00:43:53,160
OR TYPE  YOUR QUESTIONS

1102
00:43:53,160 --> 00:43:53,998
IN THE CHAT, WE HAVE ABOUT

1103
00:43:53,998 --> 00:43:58,002
 16 MINUTES.

1104
00:43:58,002 --> 00:44:02,127
WE WILL GET TO AS

1105
00:44:02,127 --> 00:44:06,010
MANY AS WE CAN.

1106
00:44:06,010 --> 00:44:06,280
DR. IDLER, COULD YOU PLEASE

1107
00:44:06,280 --> 00:44:06,534
SAY MORE ABOUT THE HEALTH

1108
00:44:06,534 --> 00:44:06,752
AND  RETIREMENT STUDY

1109
00:44:06,752 --> 00:44:07,011
ANALYSIS THAT YOU TALKED

1110
00:44:07,011 --> 00:44:14,986
 ABOUT?

1111
00:44:14,986 --> 00:44:17,012
WERE THERE OTHER MEASURES OF

1112
00:44:17,012 --> 00:44:19,002
RS IN THE DATA AND DID THEY

1113
00:44:19,002 --> 00:44:20,992
REDISTRICT MORTALITY ALSO?

1114
00:44:20,992 --> 00:44:23,558
>> WELL, I WOULD BE HAPPY

1115
00:44:23,558 --> 00:44:26,279
TO ANSWER THAT QUESTION BY

1116
00:44:26,279 --> 00:44:29,000
SHARING  MY SCREEN AGAIN.

1117
00:44:29,000 --> 00:44:29,758
I HAVE A BIGGER TABLE FROM

1118
00:44:29,758 --> 00:44:30,526
THAT STUDY THAT I CAN SHOW

1119
00:44:30,526 --> 00:44:31,189
YOU,  FOR THOSE OF YOU

1120
00:44:31,189 --> 00:44:32,003
WHO LIKE TO LOOK AT HAZARD

1121
00:44:34,005 --> 00:44:37,008
 RATIO TABLES.

1122
00:44:37,008 --> 00:44:38,421
YES, THEY HAD A QUESTION

1123
00:44:38,421 --> 00:44:39,912
ON RELIGIOUS FOR PASSION,

1124
00:44:39,912 --> 00:44:41,372
HOW OFTEN  DO YOU ATTEND

1125
00:44:41,372 --> 00:44:43,014
RELIGIOUS SERVICES AND HOW

1126
00:44:43,014 --> 00:44:43,662
 IMPORTANT IS  RELIGION

1127
00:44:43,662 --> 00:44:44,353
TO YOU, AND WHAT IS YOUR

1128
00:44:44,353 --> 00:44:45,016
RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION.

1129
00:44:45,016 --> 00:44:46,880
THERE WERE SUCH

1130
00:44:46,880 --> 00:44:49,987
INTERESTING FINDST HERE.

1131
00:44:49,987 --> 00:44:52,437
THIS IS SET UP THE WAY THE

1132
00:44:52,437 --> 00:44:55,024
OTHER ONE WAS, BUT INCLUDES

1133
00:44:55,024 --> 00:44:57,995
THE  OTHER RELIGION VARIABLES.

1134
00:44:57,995 --> 00:45:00,203
SO WHEN -- THIS IS A KIND

1135
00:45:00,203 --> 00:45:02,102
OF STEADY ASSOCIATION

1136
00:45:02,102 --> 00:45:04,001
ALL THE WAY  ACROSS.

1137
00:45:04,001 --> 00:45:04,507
WHAT I QUOTED IN THE SLIDE

1138
00:45:04,507 --> 00:45:05,019
WAS FROM THE HEALTH STATUS

1139
00:45:05,019 --> 00:45:05,421
MODEL,  WHICH DIDN'T

1140
00:45:05,421 --> 00:45:06,003
INCLUDE THE HEALTH BEHAVIORS

1141
00:45:06,003 --> 00:45:14,011
 OR SOCIAL TIES.

1142
00:45:14,011 --> 00:45:15,253
YOU CAN SEE THE ASARD

1143
00:45:15,253 --> 00:45:16,870
RATIO GETS CLOSER TO 1, BUT

1144
00:45:16,870 --> 00:45:18,396
THIS WOULD  BE CONSIDERED

1145
00:45:18,396 --> 00:45:19,984
THE FULLY ADJUSTED MODEL,

1146
00:45:19,984 --> 00:45:20,456
 AND THE 40% DECREASE

1147
00:45:20,456 --> 00:45:20,959
IN MORTALITY FOR THOSE

1148
00:45:20,959 --> 00:45:21,449
ATTENDING FREQUENTLY,

1149
00:45:21,449 --> 00:45:21,986
COMPARED TO  THOSE WHO

1150
00:45:21,986 --> 00:45:29,994
 NEVER ATTEND IS SIGNIFICANT.

1151
00:45:29,994 --> 00:45:31,611
JUST THOSE WHO REGULARLY

1152
00:45:31,611 --> 00:45:33,112
ATTEND, WHICH WAS ONCE

1153
00:45:33,112 --> 00:45:34,987
ABOUT MONTH,  AROUND ONCE A

1154
00:45:34,987 --> 00:45:37,001
MONTH, AND THEN OCCASIONALLY

1155
00:45:37,001 --> 00:45:46,010
 WAS SEVERAL TIMES  A YEAR.

1156
00:45:46,010 --> 00:45:46,489
I'M GETTING MY POINTER

1157
00:45:46,489 --> 00:45:46,930
BACK HERE, SO WHEN I

1158
00:45:46,930 --> 00:45:47,471
RUN IT OVER  THINGS, YOU

1159
00:45:47,471 --> 00:45:48,012
WILL BE ABLE TO SEE IT.

1160
00:45:48,012 --> 00:45:50,195
THIS IS WHAT I WAS

1161
00:45:50,195 --> 00:45:52,984
TALKING ABOUT EARLIER.

1162
00:45:52,984 --> 00:45:56,988
YOU COULD SEE THERE IS A DOSE

1163
00:45:56,988 --> 00:46:00,992
RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP THERE.

1164
00:46:00,992 --> 00:46:01,273
MODERATE OR OCCASIONAL LEVELS

1165
00:46:01,273 --> 00:46:01,520
OF ATTENDANCE ALSO HAVE A

1166
00:46:01,520 --> 00:46:01,761
SIGNIFICANTLY PROTECTIVE

1167
00:46:01,761 --> 00:46:01,993
EFFECT, NOT AS STRONG,

1168
00:46:01,993 --> 00:46:02,806
 BUT IT IS AN

1169
00:46:02,806 --> 00:46:03,995
EXPOSURE VARIABLE.

1170
00:46:03,995 --> 00:46:10,001
THAT'S THE WAY I THINK OF IT.

1171
00:46:10,001 --> 00:46:14,111
AN EXPOSURE TO THE COMMUNITY

1172
00:46:14,111 --> 00:46:17,411
OF PEOPLE WHO ARE ALSO

1173
00:46:17,411 --> 00:46:21,012
ATTENDING THE SERVICES.

1174
00:46:21,012 --> 00:46:21,740
IT IS ALSO AN EXPOSURE TO

1175
00:46:21,740 --> 00:46:22,449
EXPERIENCES OF MUSIC AND

1176
00:46:22,449 --> 00:46:23,142
TEXT AND  DOUGHNUTS AND

1177
00:46:23,142 --> 00:46:24,015
COFFEE AND OTHER THINGS THAT

1178
00:46:24,015 --> 00:46:27,985
 GO ALONG WITH  THAT GATHERING.

1179
00:46:27,985 --> 00:46:28,471
ALL OF IT IS FOR

1180
00:46:28,471 --> 00:46:28,986
LOTS OF REASONS.

1181
00:46:28,986 --> 00:46:30,988
IT IS SOCIAL.

1182
00:46:30,988 --> 00:46:36,127
I'M A SOCIOLOGIST, SO

1183
00:46:36,127 --> 00:46:41,999
THAT IS VERY IMPORTANT.

1184
00:46:41,999 --> 00:46:43,549
I MENTIONED THE HEALTH BEHAVIORS

1185
00:46:43,549 --> 00:46:45,002
MEDIATED SOME OF THE  EFFECT.

1186
00:46:45,002 --> 00:46:46,718
THAT TAKES AWAY

1187
00:46:46,718 --> 00:46:49,006
SOME OF THE EFFECT.

1188
00:46:49,006 --> 00:46:49,947
WHEN WE ADDED SOCIAL TIES,

1189
00:46:49,947 --> 00:46:50,978
THAT ALSO TAKES AWAY SOME OF

1190
00:46:50,978 --> 00:46:52,009
THE  EFFECT OR MEDIATES IT.

1191
00:46:52,009 --> 00:46:53,401
BUT STILL, THERE IS

1192
00:46:53,401 --> 00:46:55,012
A SIGNIFICANT EFFECT.

1193
00:46:55,012 --> 00:46:57,060
THAT WAS THE

1194
00:46:57,060 --> 00:47:00,985
ATTENDANCE PART OF IT.

1195
00:47:00,985 --> 00:47:03,147
THE IMPORTANCE OF RELIGION,

1196
00:47:03,147 --> 00:47:05,177
HOW IMPORTANT IS RELIGION

1197
00:47:05,177 --> 00:47:07,168
TO  YOU, WHEN WE ARE PUT

1198
00:47:07,168 --> 00:47:08,993
IT IN JUST BY ITSELF,

1199
00:47:08,993 --> 00:47:09,469
 THAT'S 1.13,  TELLING US

1200
00:47:09,469 --> 00:47:09,933
PEOPLE WHO SAID RELIGION

1201
00:47:09,933 --> 00:47:10,444
WAS IMPORTANT TO THEM  HAD

1202
00:47:10,444 --> 00:47:10,995
INCREASED RISK OF MORTALITY

1203
00:47:10,995 --> 00:47:17,001
 OF ABOUT 13%.

1204
00:47:17,001 --> 00:47:17,720
WHEN YOU ADD IN SOME OF

1205
00:47:17,720 --> 00:47:18,386
THE OTHER DEMOGRAPHIC

1206
00:47:18,386 --> 00:47:19,195
AND  SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS

1207
00:47:19,195 --> 00:47:20,004
VARIABLES, IT GOES DOWN,

1208
00:47:20,004 --> 00:47:22,006
 BUT IT IS  STILL 4% GREATER.

1209
00:47:22,006 --> 00:47:24,008
THAT IS NOT A PROTECTIVE EFFECT.

1210
00:47:24,008 --> 00:47:32,016
THAT IS AN INCREASED HAZARD.

1211
00:47:32,016 --> 00:47:33,174
AND THIS IS A FEATURE OF

1212
00:47:33,174 --> 00:47:34,299
DIFFERENT VARIABLES AND

1213
00:47:34,299 --> 00:47:35,693
DIFFERENT  WAYS OF MEASURING

1214
00:47:35,693 --> 00:47:36,987
RELIGION THAT I HAVE SEEN

1215
00:47:36,987 --> 00:47:41,404
 IN OTHER  STUDIES, SO IT

1216
00:47:41,404 --> 00:47:45,996
WASN'T A SURPRISE AT ALL.

1217
00:47:46,997 --> 00:47:48,539
IT SAYS TO ME THAT THE

1218
00:47:48,539 --> 00:47:50,101
ENHANCED IMPORTANCE OF

1219
00:47:50,101 --> 00:47:51,908
RELIGION OFTEN  COINCIDES

1220
00:47:51,908 --> 00:47:54,004
WITH SUFFERING IN LIFE, WITH

1221
00:47:54,004 --> 00:47:55,793
 THE ONSET OF SERIOUS

1222
00:47:55,793 --> 00:47:58,039
ILLNESS OR WITH DIMINISHED

1223
00:47:58,039 --> 00:48:00,070
QUALITY OF LIFE OR WITH

1224
00:48:00,070 --> 00:48:02,012
BEREAVEMENT AND LOSS,

1225
00:48:02,012 --> 00:48:02,667
 AND THE SIGNIFICATION

1226
00:48:02,667 --> 00:48:03,269
OF RELIGION AS  VERY

1227
00:48:03,269 --> 00:48:04,096
IMPORTANT ACCOMPANIES OTHER

1228
00:48:04,096 --> 00:48:05,015
EXPERIENCES THAT ALSO MAY  BE

1229
00:48:05,015 --> 00:48:06,782
 HAPPENING AT THE SAME TIME

1230
00:48:06,782 --> 00:48:08,384
AS THE PERSON IS NEARING

1231
00:48:08,384 --> 00:48:09,987
THE  END OF THEIR LIFE.

1232
00:48:09,987 --> 00:48:13,381
THAT IS HOW I INTERPRET IT, BUT

1233
00:48:13,381 --> 00:48:16,994
IT IS A VERY CONSISTENT  EFFECT.

1234
00:48:16,994 --> 00:48:18,436
I THINK IT REALLY BRINGS

1235
00:48:18,436 --> 00:48:19,896
OUT A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN

1236
00:48:19,896 --> 00:48:21,386
THIS  SUBJECTIVE MEASURE

1237
00:48:21,386 --> 00:48:23,000
OF RELIGION AND THIS MUCH

1238
00:48:23,000 --> 00:48:25,252
 MORE BEHAVIORAL  OBJECTIVE

1239
00:48:25,252 --> 00:48:27,044
MEASURE, THE CONTRAST

1240
00:48:27,044 --> 00:48:29,006
BETWEEN THEM IS GREAT.

1241
00:48:29,006 --> 00:48:30,552
THEY ARE BOTH IN THE MODEL

1242
00:48:30,552 --> 00:48:31,878
AT THE SAME TIME, THEY

1243
00:48:31,878 --> 00:48:33,291
ARE  ADJUSTING FOR EACH

1244
00:48:33,291 --> 00:48:35,012
OTHER, AND SO THAT ENHANCED

1245
00:48:35,012 --> 00:48:36,365
 IMPORTANCE OF  RELIGION,

1246
00:48:36,365 --> 00:48:37,746
I THINK IS SIGNIFYING THE

1247
00:48:37,746 --> 00:48:39,016
PRESENCE OF SUFFERING.

1248
00:48:39,016 --> 00:48:39,434
DOWN HERE, THEY HAD

1249
00:48:39,434 --> 00:48:39,984
MEASURES OF AFFILIATION.

1250
00:48:39,984 --> 00:48:52,997
THIS IS FASCINATING.

1251
00:48:52,997 --> 00:48:55,171
IF YOU PUT ONLY THESE THREE

1252
00:48:55,171 --> 00:48:57,710
VARIABLES IN THE MODEL, YOU GET

1253
00:48:57,710 --> 00:49:00,004
GIGANTIC INCREASED HAZARDS.

1254
00:49:00,004 --> 00:49:00,216
OTHER RELIGION IS NOT

1255
00:49:00,216 --> 00:49:00,493
DIFFERENT FROM NO RELIGION,

1256
00:49:00,493 --> 00:49:00,775
UH ALL OF  THESE CATEGORIES

1257
00:49:00,775 --> 00:49:01,005
HAVE A HIGHER RISK OF

1258
00:49:01,005 --> 00:49:03,007
 MORTALITY.

1259
00:49:03,007 --> 00:49:10,014
WHY IS THAT?

1260
00:49:10,014 --> 00:49:10,785
WELL, IT'S BECAUSE WHEN YOU

1261
00:49:10,785 --> 00:49:11,479
ADJUST FOR AGE, YOU FIND

1262
00:49:11,479 --> 00:49:12,246
OUT  THAT ALL THESE PEOPLE

1263
00:49:12,246 --> 00:49:12,983
ARE OLDER AND THEREFORE,

1264
00:49:12,983 --> 00:49:16,244
 CLOSER TO THE  END

1265
00:49:16,244 --> 00:49:18,989
OF THEIR LIVES.

1266
00:49:18,989 --> 00:49:20,929
ALL THE SIGNIFICANCE COMPLETELY

1267
00:49:20,929 --> 00:49:22,334
DISAPPEARS, EXCEPT FOR

1268
00:49:22,334 --> 00:49:23,994
CONSERVATIVE PROTESTANTS.

1269
00:49:23,994 --> 00:49:26,219
WHEN YOU ADJUST FOR SES,

1270
00:49:26,219 --> 00:49:28,999
INCOME, THAT ALSO DISAPPEARS.

1271
00:49:28,999 --> 00:49:29,904
BY THE TIME YOU GET TO

1272
00:49:29,904 --> 00:49:30,953
THE FULLY ADJUSTED MODEL,

1273
00:49:30,953 --> 00:49:32,002
THERE IS NO  DIFFERENCE.

1274
00:49:32,002 --> 00:49:33,688
IT DOESN'T MATTER WHAT RELIGIOUS

1275
00:49:33,688 --> 00:49:35,005
AFFILIATION PEOPLE HAVE.

1276
00:49:35,005 --> 00:49:38,481
THERE IS GOING TO BE NO

1277
00:49:38,481 --> 00:49:43,013
DIFFERENCE IN MORTALITY RISK.

1278
00:49:43,013 --> 00:49:43,244
IT IS REALLY ABOUT TO

1279
00:49:43,244 --> 00:49:43,490
THE BEHAVIORAL MEASURE

1280
00:49:43,490 --> 00:49:43,729
MOST  PROFOUNDLY, AND

1281
00:49:43,729 --> 00:49:44,014
TO SOME EXTENT ABOUT HOW

1282
00:49:44,014 --> 00:49:45,015
 IMPORTANT RELIGION  IS.

1283
00:49:45,015 --> 00:49:50,988
I THINK THAT IS INTERESTING.

1284
00:49:50,988 --> 00:49:53,840
THESE ARE ALL THE RELIGION

1285
00:49:53,840 --> 00:49:56,418
VARIABLES IN THE HEALTH

1286
00:49:56,418 --> 00:49:58,996
AND  RETIREMENT STUDY.

1287
00:49:58,996 --> 00:50:03,275
THAT STUDY HAS BEEN

1288
00:50:03,275 --> 00:50:08,005
GOING ON SINCE 1992.

1289
00:50:08,005 --> 00:50:09,591
THEY ALWAYS ASK WHAT

1290
00:50:09,591 --> 00:50:11,758
AFFILIATION PEOPLE HAD, BUT

1291
00:50:11,758 --> 00:50:13,886
THEY DIDN'T  ASK ANY OTHER

1292
00:50:13,886 --> 00:50:16,013
QUESTIONS ABOUT RELIGION.

1293
00:50:16,013 --> 00:50:17,194
THAT'S REALLY TRUE, IF I

1294
00:50:17,194 --> 00:50:18,441
COULD SAY SOMETHING ABOUT

1295
00:50:18,441 --> 00:50:19,764
FEDERALLY  FUNDED SURVEYS,

1296
00:50:19,764 --> 00:50:20,985
THE HEALTH OF PEOPLE IN

1297
00:50:20,985 --> 00:50:23,237
 GENERAL, THEY OFTEN  DON'T

1298
00:50:23,237 --> 00:50:25,028
CONTAIN ANY QUESTIONS

1299
00:50:25,028 --> 00:50:26,991
ABOUT RELIGION AT ALL.

1300
00:50:26,991 --> 00:50:29,534
HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY

1301
00:50:29,534 --> 00:50:32,219
FIRST INTRODUCED A RELIGIOUS

1302
00:50:32,219 --> 00:50:34,999
ATTENDANCE VARIABLE IN 2004.

1303
00:50:34,999 --> 00:50:37,341
I WAS JUST LOOKING THROUGH

1304
00:50:37,341 --> 00:50:39,898
THE ICPSR SEARCHES FOR WHERE

1305
00:50:39,898 --> 00:50:42,046
I  COULD FIND VARIABLES

1306
00:50:42,046 --> 00:50:44,008
I WAS INTERESTED IN.

1307
00:50:44,008 --> 00:50:44,950
WHEN I SAW IT WAS IN THE

1308
00:50:44,950 --> 00:50:46,023
HRS, I WAS THRILLED BECAUSE

1309
00:50:46,023 --> 00:50:46,875
THAT  MEANT THERE WAS

1310
00:50:46,875 --> 00:50:48,012
WONDERFUL FOLLOW-UP DATA --

1311
00:50:48,012 --> 00:50:50,019
 AN AMAZING  STUDY,

1312
00:50:50,019 --> 00:50:52,286
AND FOLLOW-UP DATA WE

1313
00:50:52,286 --> 00:50:54,985
COULD TAKE ADVANTAGE OF.

1314
00:50:54,985 --> 00:50:56,575
WE WERE THE FIRST PEOPLE TO

1315
00:50:56,575 --> 00:50:58,193
PUBLISH, USING THE RELIGION

1316
00:50:58,193 --> 00:50:59,990
VARIABLES WITH HOST OUTCOMES.

1317
00:50:59,990 --> 00:51:06,997
>> THANK YOU.

1318
00:51:06,997 --> 00:51:08,561
I HAVE TONS OF QUESTIONS,

1319
00:51:08,561 --> 00:51:09,830
BUT I WANT TO SEE IF

1320
00:51:09,830 --> 00:51:11,125
ANY OF THE  AUDIENCE

1321
00:51:11,125 --> 00:51:13,003
PARTICIPANTS HAVE QUESTIONS.

1322
00:51:13,003 --> 00:51:16,528
PLEASE FEEL FREE TO RAISE

1323
00:51:16,528 --> 00:51:19,554
YOUR HAND OR PUT YOUR

1324
00:51:19,554 --> 00:51:23,013
QUESTIONS IN  THE CHAT.

1325
00:51:23,013 --> 00:51:31,989
DON'T BE BASHFUL.

1326
00:51:31,989 --> 00:51:32,746
>> JOAN, THERE IS A QUESTION

1327
00:51:32,746 --> 00:51:33,327
IN THE CHAT ABOUT THE

1328
00:51:33,327 --> 00:51:33,991
AVAILABILITY OF DATA --

1329
00:51:33,991 --> 00:51:35,993
>> THANK YOU.

1330
00:51:35,993 --> 00:51:38,996
>> YES, I JUST OPENED IT.

1331
00:51:38,996 --> 00:51:44,001
IT IS FROM MY FRIEND.

1332
00:51:44,001 --> 00:51:50,007
NO, NOT ANY THAT I KNOW OF.

1333
00:51:50,007 --> 00:51:51,381
I WAS JUST AT AN INTERESTING

1334
00:51:51,381 --> 00:51:52,376
TALK YESTERDAY ABOUT

1335
00:51:52,376 --> 00:51:53,643
SOCIAL  ISOLATION AND HOW

1336
00:51:53,643 --> 00:51:55,012
PEOPLE WENT VIRTUALLY WITH

1337
00:51:55,012 --> 00:51:57,181
 LOT OF THINGS,  INCLUDING

1338
00:51:57,181 --> 00:51:59,016
RELIGIOUS ATTENDANCE.

1339
00:51:59,016 --> 00:52:03,988
AND THEN THAT IT'S OVER NOW.

1340
00:52:03,988 --> 00:52:04,496
DID SOCIAL ISOLATION DECLINE AND

1341
00:52:04,496 --> 00:52:04,989
WERE PEOPLE MORE LONELY  THEN.

1342
00:52:04,989 --> 00:52:12,997
A LOT OF INTERESTING FINDINGS.

1343
00:52:12,997 --> 00:52:14,438
IT SEEMED TO ME THE MOST

1344
00:52:14,438 --> 00:52:16,020
IMPORTANT EFFECT OF ONLINE

1345
00:52:16,020 --> 00:52:17,760
PARTICIPATION WAS PRESERVING

1346
00:52:17,760 --> 00:52:19,003
THE SOCIAL TIES FOR

1347
00:52:19,003 --> 00:52:23,315
 LATER WHEN  WE COULD

1348
00:52:23,315 --> 00:52:27,011
CONGREGATE AGAIN.

1349
00:52:27,011 --> 00:52:28,434
SO WHILE IT WASN'T ESPECIALLY

1350
00:52:28,434 --> 00:52:29,628
SATISFYING IN ITSELF, IT

1351
00:52:29,628 --> 00:52:30,847
WAS  STILL A TIE, A LESS

1352
00:52:30,847 --> 00:52:32,016
SATISFYING TIE, BUT IT

1353
00:52:32,016 --> 00:52:32,382
 WAS DEFINITELY

1354
00:52:32,382 --> 00:52:33,017
MAINTAINING THAT CONTACT.

1355
00:52:33,017 --> 00:52:40,991
YEAH.

1356
00:52:40,991 --> 00:52:42,983
I CAN SAY PERSONALLY, SINGING

1357
00:52:42,983 --> 00:52:44,725
IN YOUR CHOIR PRACTICE ON

1358
00:52:44,725 --> 00:52:46,646
ZOOM  IS VERY UNSATISFYING,

1359
00:52:46,646 --> 00:52:47,998
BUT LIKE EVERYBODY

1360
00:52:47,998 --> 00:52:48,320
 JUST REMEMBERS EACH  OTHER

1361
00:52:48,320 --> 00:52:48,647
AND THEN WHEN YOU CAN DO IT

1362
00:52:48,647 --> 00:52:48,999
AGAIN FOR REAL, IT IS  GOOD.

1363
00:52:48,999 --> 00:52:54,004
I DON'T KNOW THERE'S ANY DATA.

1364
00:52:54,004 --> 00:52:57,293
I HAVEN'T SEEN ANY, BUT

1365
00:52:57,293 --> 00:53:01,011
IT WOULD BE GOOD TO KNOW.

1366
00:53:01,011 --> 00:53:01,791
I THINK OVERALL, MEMBERSHIP

1367
00:53:01,791 --> 00:53:02,405
DECLINE WAS A SERIOUS

1368
00:53:02,405 --> 00:53:03,180
PROBLEM  THAT'S BEEN GOING

1369
00:53:03,180 --> 00:53:04,014
ON ALREADY, GOING ON BEFORE

1370
00:53:04,014 --> 00:53:08,986
 THE PANDEMIC,  AND IT STILL IS.

1371
00:53:08,986 --> 00:53:10,919
IT WOULD BE HARD TO SEPARATE

1372
00:53:10,919 --> 00:53:12,990
THAT FROM THE SECULAR TRENDS.

1373
00:53:12,990 --> 00:53:18,996
>> THANK YOU FOR THAT.

1374
00:53:18,996 --> 00:53:21,970
HERE IS A NEW

1375
00:53:21,970 --> 00:53:27,004
QUESTION FROM JAVIER.

1376
00:53:27,004 --> 00:53:28,966
IS THERE ANY STUDY COMPARING

1377
00:53:28,966 --> 00:53:30,671
RELIGION ATTENDANCE JUST

1378
00:53:30,671 --> 00:53:32,268
FOR  FAMILY REASONS OR

1379
00:53:32,268 --> 00:53:34,011
FOR PERSONAL INDIVIDUAL

1380
00:53:35,012 --> 00:53:37,393
 SPIRITUAL  EXPERIENCE

1381
00:53:37,393 --> 00:53:39,016
OR CONVERSION?

1382
00:53:39,016 --> 00:53:41,008
>> YEAH, THAT IS A GREAT

1383
00:53:41,008 --> 00:53:43,372
QUESTION, SORT OF SEPARATING

1384
00:53:43,372 --> 00:53:45,989
THE  SOCIAL FROM THE PERSONAL.

1385
00:53:45,989 --> 00:53:47,720
A LONG TIME AGO, THE

1386
00:53:47,720 --> 00:53:49,303
PSYCHOLOGIST WROTE

1387
00:53:49,303 --> 00:53:50,924
ABOUT INTRINSIC AN

1388
00:53:50,924 --> 00:53:52,996
EXTRINSIC RELIGIOSITY.

1389
00:53:52,996 --> 00:53:53,676
THING TWO THINGS KIND OF

1390
00:53:53,676 --> 00:53:54,393
LINE UP WITH WHAT YOU ARE

1391
00:53:54,393 --> 00:53:55,211
SAYING,  THAT THE REELINGOUS

1392
00:53:55,211 --> 00:53:55,999
ATTENDANCE JUST FOR FAMILY

1393
00:53:57,000 --> 00:54:01,004
 REASONS IS  KIND OF

1394
00:54:01,004 --> 00:54:05,008
THE EXTRINSIC PART.

1395
00:54:05,008 --> 00:54:06,297
WE ATTEND SERVICES TO GAIN

1396
00:54:06,297 --> 00:54:07,502
THINGS LIKE NOT BEING IN

1397
00:54:07,502 --> 00:54:08,732
BAD WITH  OUR FAMILY, OR

1398
00:54:08,732 --> 00:54:10,013
PLEASING OTHERS OR DOING

1399
00:54:10,013 --> 00:54:11,853
 SOMETHING FOR SOME

1400
00:54:11,853 --> 00:54:13,984
TRANSACTIONAL REASON.

1401
00:54:13,984 --> 00:54:16,345
I DON'T AGREE WITH THAT

1402
00:54:16,345 --> 00:54:18,750
PERSPECTIVE AT ALL, BUT

1403
00:54:18,750 --> 00:54:21,992
THAT'S THE  WAY IT WAS FRAMED.

1404
00:54:21,992 --> 00:54:23,147
THE INTRINSIC WAS REALLY

1405
00:54:23,147 --> 00:54:24,414
MORE SINCERE AND RIGHTEOUS

1406
00:54:24,414 --> 00:54:25,805
AND IN  YOUR HEART, SO THOSE

1407
00:54:25,805 --> 00:54:26,997
WERE THE BETTER REASONS

1408
00:54:26,997 --> 00:54:36,006
 FOR BEING  RELIGIOUS.

1409
00:54:36,006 --> 00:54:36,247
BUT I WOULD SAY THAT JUST

1410
00:54:36,247 --> 00:54:36,481
FOR FAMILY REASONS MIGHT

1411
00:54:36,481 --> 00:54:36,769
LINE UP  WITH THIS OCCASIONAL

1412
00:54:36,769 --> 00:54:37,007
ATTENDANCE BECAUSE THAT

1413
00:54:37,007 --> 00:54:43,013
 MIGHT NOT BE  EVERY WEEK.

1414
00:54:43,013 --> 00:54:44,601
IT MIGHT BE BEING THERE

1415
00:54:44,601 --> 00:54:46,140
FOR HOLIDAYS AND OTHER

1416
00:54:46,140 --> 00:54:48,135
SPECIAL TIMES  WHEN FAMILIES

1417
00:54:48,135 --> 00:54:49,987
ARE GETTING TOGETHER, AND

1418
00:54:49,987 --> 00:54:52,326
 THEN THE PEOPLE WHO  DON'T

1419
00:54:52,326 --> 00:54:54,344
USUALLY ATTEND SERVICES

1420
00:54:54,344 --> 00:54:56,580
DEFINITELY DO IT TO HONOR

1421
00:54:56,580 --> 00:54:58,996
THEIR PARENTS OR WHATEVER.

1422
00:54:58,996 --> 00:54:59,776
YES, THERE WERE PROTECTIVE

1423
00:54:59,776 --> 00:55:00,477
EFFECTS FOR PEOPLE WITH

1424
00:55:00,477 --> 00:55:01,346
ONLY  OCCASIONAL ATTENDANCE,

1425
00:55:01,346 --> 00:55:01,999
KIND OF LIKE HOLIDAY

1426
00:55:01,999 --> 00:55:05,002
 ATTENDANCE, THE  WAY

1427
00:55:05,002 --> 00:55:08,005
I WOULD THINK OF IT.

1428
00:55:08,005 --> 00:55:08,592
THERE ARE MANY PEOPLE WHERE

1429
00:55:08,592 --> 00:55:09,277
THAT IS ALL THEY HAVE, BUT THAT

1430
00:55:09,277 --> 00:55:10,007
DOESN'T MEAN THEY LOST THAT TIE.

1431
00:55:10,007 --> 00:55:13,010
THEY STILL HAVE IT.

1432
00:55:13,010 --> 00:55:21,985
>> THANK YOU.

1433
00:55:21,985 --> 00:55:22,986
I SEE DR. ANN.

1434
00:55:22,986 --> 00:55:32,996
>> THANKS.

1435
00:55:32,996 --> 00:55:36,780
THIS WAS AN AMAZING LECTURE

1436
00:55:36,780 --> 00:55:40,190
R. THERE STUDIES LOOKING

1437
00:55:40,190 --> 00:55:43,383
-- I  KNOW THERE'S LOW

1438
00:55:43,383 --> 00:55:47,010
LOT OF WORK ON RELIGIOUS

1439
00:55:47,010 --> 00:55:49,593
 AFFILIATION, BUT I  CAN

1440
00:55:49,593 --> 00:55:52,864
SPEAK FOR JUDAISM, AFFILIATION

1441
00:55:52,864 --> 00:55:55,315
IS NOT MORE THAN ABOUT

1442
00:55:55,315 --> 00:55:57,988
50%, BUT JEWISH PEOPLE,

1443
00:55:57,988 --> 00:55:58,410
 AND A LOT OF THE YOUNG

1444
00:55:58,410 --> 00:55:58,931
JEWISH PEOPLE  FEEL THEY ARE

1445
00:55:58,931 --> 00:55:59,536
CONNECTED AND SOCIALLY CONNECTED

1446
00:55:59,536 --> 00:55:59,990
FROM THE LONG  CULTURAL

1447
00:55:59,990 --> 00:56:07,998
 HISTORY THAT WE HAVE.

1448
00:56:07,998 --> 00:56:11,355
IS THAT IN ANY STUDIES,

1449
00:56:11,355 --> 00:56:15,005
IS THAT MEASURED AT ALL?

1450
00:56:16,006 --> 00:56:17,879
>> WELL, ONE WAY TO COME AT

1451
00:56:17,879 --> 00:56:19,637
THAT -- I CAN'T SHOW THEM

1452
00:56:19,637 --> 00:56:21,289
TO YOU  BECAUSE I DON'T

1453
00:56:21,289 --> 00:56:23,013
HAVE THE SLIDE, BUT THE

1454
00:56:23,013 --> 00:56:25,964
 FREQUENCY OF  ATTENDANCE

1455
00:56:25,964 --> 00:56:28,240
FOR THESE DIFFERENT

1456
00:56:28,240 --> 00:56:30,810
AFFILIATION GROUPS, I

1457
00:56:30,810 --> 00:56:33,991
THINK  IT'S FROM THE HRS.

1458
00:56:40,998 --> 00:56:41,756
IT IS TRUE IN THE DATA SET

1459
00:56:41,756 --> 00:56:42,524
THAT JEWISH RESPONDENTS --

1460
00:56:42,524 --> 00:56:43,277
AND WE  HAD A SIGNIFICANT

1461
00:56:43,277 --> 00:56:44,001
JEWISH COMMUNITY IN NUT

1462
00:56:44,001 --> 00:56:44,263
 HAVEN WHEN THAT  DATA WAS

1463
00:56:44,263 --> 00:56:44,540
BEING COLLECTED -- MUCHLESS

1464
00:56:44,540 --> 00:56:44,760
LIKELY TO BE FREQUENT

1465
00:56:44,760 --> 00:56:45,002
ATTENDERS, MORE LIKELY

1466
00:56:45,002 --> 00:56:46,064
 TO BE THE OCCASIONAL HOLE

1467
00:56:46,064 --> 00:56:47,004
DAVE-BASED  ATTENDERS.

1468
00:56:47,004 --> 00:56:50,007
YEAH, AFFILIATION DIDN'T MATTER.

1469
00:56:50,007 --> 00:56:53,446
IT WAS THE OCCASIONAL

1470
00:56:53,446 --> 00:56:56,484
PARTICIPATION THAT

1471
00:56:56,484 --> 00:56:59,016
WAS IMPORTANT.

1472
00:57:05,989 --> 00:57:06,259
I THINK YOU ARE ASKING ABOUT

1473
00:57:06,259 --> 00:57:06,503
COMPLETE NONPARTICIPATION

1474
00:57:06,503 --> 00:57:06,761
OR  MORE LIKE AN IDENTITY,

1475
00:57:06,761 --> 00:57:06,990
A SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL

1476
00:57:06,990 --> 00:57:08,992
 MEASURE OF  IDENTITY.

1477
00:57:08,992 --> 00:57:09,181
>> EXACTLY, BECAUSE

1478
00:57:09,181 --> 00:57:09,461
AFFILIATION IN MY MIND MEANS

1479
00:57:09,461 --> 00:57:09,727
BELONGING  TO A SYNAGOGUE,

1480
00:57:09,727 --> 00:57:09,993
SO I CAN USE MY KID AS AN

1481
00:57:09,993 --> 00:57:18,001
 EXAMPLE.

1482
00:57:18,001 --> 00:57:18,636
SHE IS IN HER 30S, SHE

1483
00:57:18,636 --> 00:57:19,513
DOESN'T BELONG IN A SYNAGOGUE,

1484
00:57:19,513 --> 00:57:20,259
BUT ON  HANUKKAH, SHE WAS

1485
00:57:20,259 --> 00:57:21,004
AT AN EVENT EVERY SINGLE

1486
00:57:21,004 --> 00:57:24,007
 EVENING.

1487
00:57:24,007 --> 00:57:32,015
HOW IS THAT MEASURED?

1488
00:57:32,015 --> 00:57:33,136
IN HER MIND, IF SHE WAS

1489
00:57:33,136 --> 00:57:34,519
ANSWERING THE QUESTIONNAIRE,

1490
00:57:34,519 --> 00:57:35,879
WELL, I  AM NOT AFFILIATED,

1491
00:57:35,879 --> 00:57:36,987
BUT SHE IS AFFILIATED

1492
00:57:36,987 --> 00:57:38,391
 AND HAS IDENTITY IN  GOING

1493
00:57:38,391 --> 00:57:39,664
TO HANUKKAH EVENTS WHERE

1494
00:57:39,664 --> 00:57:40,991
THEY ARE SAYING PRAYERS.

1495
00:57:40,991 --> 00:57:42,242
EVEN IF THEY ARE NOT

1496
00:57:42,242 --> 00:57:43,586
SAYING PRAYERS, SEVEN

1497
00:57:43,586 --> 00:57:44,995
NIGHTS OUT OF  EIGHT.

1498
00:57:44,995 --> 00:57:47,137
>> I SEE YOU ARE KEYING

1499
00:57:47,137 --> 00:57:48,999
ON THE AFFILIATION.

1500
00:57:48,999 --> 00:57:52,577
THAT MIGHT BE MY WORD

1501
00:57:52,577 --> 00:57:57,007
MORE THAN THE HRS'S WORD.

1502
00:57:57,007 --> 00:57:59,873
YOU CONSIDER YOURSELF

1503
00:57:59,873 --> 00:58:02,526
A, I BELIEVE IS THE

1504
00:58:02,526 --> 00:58:06,016
STEM FOR THAT  QUESTION.

1505
00:58:06,016 --> 00:58:06,324
IT WOULD BE LIKELY SHE WOULD

1506
00:58:06,324 --> 00:58:06,626
HAVE SAID SHE IDENTIFIES AS

1507
00:58:06,626 --> 00:58:06,983
JEWISH AND OCCASIONALLY ATTEND.

1508
00:58:06,983 --> 00:58:08,986
IT'S NOT NEVER.

1509
00:58:08,986 --> 00:58:17,995
YOU SAID OCCASIONALLY.

1510
00:58:17,995 --> 00:58:19,578
OCCASIONAL IS -- THIS THE

1511
00:58:19,578 --> 00:58:21,321
WOULD BE SOME PARTICIPATION

1512
00:58:21,321 --> 00:58:22,999
AND  SOME IDENTIFICATION.

1513
00:58:22,999 --> 00:58:24,766
IF SHE WERE ANSWERING THE

1514
00:58:24,766 --> 00:58:26,634
SURVEY, I AM JUST GUESSING

1515
00:58:26,634 --> 00:58:29,005
THAT'S  HOW SHE WOULD ANSWER IT.

1516
00:58:29,005 --> 00:58:29,529
>> BUT I THINK SOMETIMES THE

1517
00:58:29,529 --> 00:58:30,041
QUESTIONS ARE ASKED IN SUCH

1518
00:58:30,041 --> 00:58:30,524
A  WAY WE ARE NOT PICKING

1519
00:58:30,524 --> 00:58:31,007
UP -- THE IDENTIFICATION

1520
00:58:31,007 --> 00:58:37,013
 IS EXTREMELY  STRONG.

1521
00:58:37,013 --> 00:58:37,870
THAT'S, I THINK, WHERE

1522
00:58:37,870 --> 00:58:38,934
MAYBE SOME OF THE QUESTIONS

1523
00:58:38,934 --> 00:58:39,819
MAY NEED  TO BE WORDED

1524
00:58:39,819 --> 00:58:40,984
DIFFERENTLY, SO YOU ARE ALSO

1525
00:58:40,984 --> 00:58:42,629
 PICKING UP THAT  PIECE

1526
00:58:42,629 --> 00:58:43,987
OF IDENTIFICATION.

1527
00:58:43,987 --> 00:58:52,996
>> YEAH.

1528
00:58:52,996 --> 00:58:53,886
IN ANOTHER SURVEY THAT

1529
00:58:53,886 --> 00:58:54,787
DOZE BACK FURTHER, THE

1530
00:58:54,787 --> 00:58:55,748
QUESTION WAS  ARE YOU A

1531
00:58:55,748 --> 00:58:57,000
MEMBER OF A CHURCH OR TEMPLE.

1532
00:58:57,000 --> 00:58:57,736
THEY ASKED IT VERY

1533
00:58:57,736 --> 00:58:59,002
SPECIFICALLY ABOUT MEMBERSHIP.

1534
00:58:59,002 --> 00:59:00,420
SHE WOULD HAVE TO

1535
00:59:00,420 --> 00:59:02,005
ANSWER NO TO THAT.

1536
00:59:02,005 --> 00:59:09,012
>> RIGHT.

1537
00:59:09,012 --> 00:59:10,050
BUT YOU WOULDN'T NECESSARILY

1538
00:59:10,050 --> 00:59:10,882
HAVE TO BE A MEMBER TO

1539
00:59:10,882 --> 00:59:12,015
OCCASIONALLY ATTEND SERVICES.

1540
00:59:12,015 --> 00:59:13,984
>> RIGHT.

1541
00:59:13,984 --> 00:59:16,987
>> GREAT.

1542
00:59:16,987 --> 00:59:18,330
UNFORTUNATELY, WE

1543
00:59:18,330 --> 00:59:19,990
ARE NEARING OUR END.

1544
00:59:19,990 --> 00:59:21,491
I WANT TO BE MINDFUL

1545
00:59:21,491 --> 00:59:22,993
OF EVERYONE'S TIME.

1546
00:59:22,993 --> 00:59:24,861
DR. IDLER, THAT WAS A

1547
00:59:24,861 --> 00:59:26,997
FANTASTIC PRESENTATION.

1548
00:59:26,997 --> 00:59:27,998
IT WISH WE HAD MORE TIME

1549
00:59:27,998 --> 00:59:28,999
TO DIG IN TO QUESTIONS.

1550
00:59:28,999 --> 00:59:30,539
I GREATLY ENJOYED IT

1551
00:59:30,539 --> 00:59:32,002
AND LEARNED A LOT.

1552
00:59:32,002 --> 00:59:38,008
I HOPE OTHERS DID TOO.

1553
00:59:38,008 --> 00:59:38,243
I WOULD LIKE TO TAKE THE

1554
00:59:38,243 --> 00:59:38,482
OPPORTUNITY TO THANK YOU

1555
00:59:38,482 --> 00:59:38,735
FOR GIVING  SO GENEROUSLY

1556
00:59:38,735 --> 00:59:39,009
OF YOUR TIME AND EXPERTISE

1557
00:59:39,009 --> 00:59:40,010
 WITH US.

1558
00:59:40,010 --> 00:59:48,985
WE APPRECIATE IT.

1559
00:59:48,985 --> 00:59:49,402
I WOULD LIKE TO THANK

1560
00:59:49,402 --> 00:59:49,924
EVERYONE WHO TOOK THE TIME

1561
00:59:49,924 --> 00:59:50,517
OUT OF  THEIR BUSY SCHEDULES,

1562
00:59:50,517 --> 00:59:50,987
ALL OF YOU, TO DO THIS

1563
00:59:50,987 --> 00:59:57,994
 EVENT.

1564
00:59:57,994 --> 00:59:58,411
AS MENTIONED, WE WILL

1565
00:59:58,411 --> 00:59:58,933
HAVE THE RECORDING OF THIS

1566
00:59:58,933 --> 00:59:59,526
WEBINAR  LINK TO OUR WEBSITE,

1567
00:59:59,526 --> 00:59:59,996
JUST AS SOON AS WE ARE

1568
00:59:59,996 --> 01:00:08,004
 ABLE.

1569
01:00:08,004 --> 01:00:10,607
AN HEADS UP, SAVE THE DATE

1570
01:00:10,607 --> 01:00:12,839
FOR OUR NEXT TALK NEXT

1571
01:00:12,839 --> 01:00:15,427
MONTH,  WHILE I HAVE YOU,

1572
01:00:15,427 --> 01:00:18,014
ON TUESDAY, APRIL 16, WE

1573
01:00:18,014 --> 01:00:18,230
 WILL HOLD OUR  NEXT

1574
01:00:18,230 --> 01:00:18,459
PRESENTATION, TALKING

1575
01:00:18,459 --> 01:00:18,715
ABOUT WHOLE PERSON CARE

1576
01:00:18,715 --> 01:00:19,015
FOR  MUSLIM MENTAL HEALTH.

1577
01:00:19,015 --> 01:00:24,988
PLEASE SAVE THAT DATE.

1578
01:00:24,988 --> 01:00:26,694
WET WILL HAVE MORE INFORMATION

1579
01:00:26,694 --> 01:00:28,257
OUT TO FOLKS, WHETHER IT IS

1580
01:00:28,257 --> 01:00:29,993
THROUGH OUR WEBSITE OR EMAIL.

1581
01:00:30,994 --> 01:00:32,640
YOU CAN ALSO CONTACT US,

1582
01:00:32,640 --> 01:00:34,389
IF YOU HAVE INPUT FOR US,

1583
01:00:34,389 --> 01:00:35,999
SUGGESTIONS FOR TALKS.

1584
01:00:35,999 --> 01:00:38,590
SORRY WE DIDN'T GET TO

1585
01:00:38,590 --> 01:00:41,118
ASK YOU MORE AND PICK

1586
01:00:41,118 --> 01:00:44,007
YOUR BRAIN,  DR. IDLER.

1587
01:00:44,007 --> 01:00:44,893
WOULD LOVE TO HAVE THAT

1588
01:00:44,893 --> 01:00:45,750
POSSIBILITY, SO PLEASE

1589
01:00:45,750 --> 01:00:46,861
CONTINUE  CONNECTING WITH US

1590
01:00:46,861 --> 01:00:48,011
AND KEEP US APPRISED OF YOUR

1591
01:00:48,011 --> 01:00:49,680
 WORK AND  MAYBE WE

1592
01:00:49,680 --> 01:00:51,832
COULD HAVE YOU COME BACK

1593
01:00:51,832 --> 01:00:53,984
AGAIN FOR MORE UPDATES.

1594
01:00:53,984 --> 01:00:58,989
WE WOULD LOVE THAT.

1595
01:00:58,989 --> 01:00:59,589
WE JUST WANT TO THE SAY, IF

1596
01:00:59,589 --> 01:01:00,313
ANYONE WANTS TO LEARN MORE ABOUT

1597
01:01:00,313 --> 01:01:00,991
OUR GROUP, WE HAVE A WEBSITE.

1598
01:01:00,991 --> 01:01:03,994
YOU COULD BE IN TOUCH.

1599
01:01:03,994 --> 01:01:04,494
THANK YOU, AND HAVE A

1600
01:01:04,494 --> 01:01:04,995
WONDERFUL AFTERNOON.

1601
01:01:04,995 --> 01:01:07,998
BYE-BYE.

1602
01:01:07,998 --> 01:01:08,539
>> THANK YOU SO MUCH

1603
01:01:08,539 --> 01:01:08,999
FOR INVITING ME.

1604
01:01:08,999 --> 01:01:10,000
>> THANK YOU.

1605
01:01:10,000 --> 01:01:12,002
TAKE CARE.