NIH VideoCast - Asymmetric stem cell division in drosophila male germline

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Asymmetric stem cell division in drosophila male germline

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Air date:	Wednesday, June 17, 2015, 3:00:00 PM Time displayed is Eastern Time, Washington DC Local
Views:	Total views: 225 (61 Live, 164 On-demand)
Category:	WALS - Wednesday Afternoon Lectures
Runtime:	00:58:02
Closed captioning:	Check box to display CC outside of the video Note: You can drag the captioning window around and resize it
Description:	Wednesday Afternoon Lecture Series (WALS) Adult stem cells continuously supply highly differentiated but short-lived cells, such as blood, skin, intestinal epithelium, and sperm cells, throughout life. To maintain the balance between stem cells and differentiating cells -- a failure of which may lead to tumorigenesis through excess self-renewal or tissue degeneration through excess differentiation -- many stem cells have the potential to divide asymmetrically so that each division produces one stem cell and one differentiating cell. Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs) serve as an ideal model system to study stem-cell behavior. They reside in the stem-cell niche, which specifies stem-cell identity by sending essential signal(s). Stem cells have elaborate cellular mechanisms to ensure the asymmetric outcome of the division, producing one stem cell and one differentiating cell, which is the key to tissue homeostasis. Whereas the stem-cell niche provides essential signals for stem-cell identity and proliferation, it is not well known how the niche signal is limited to stem cells, while other cells in proximity are not misspecified by the niche signaling. Here we show that in Drosophila testis, GSCs extend microtubule-based nanotubes into the hub cells, the major component of the stem-cell niche. We further demonstrate that the nanotube mediates decapentaplegic (Dpp) signaling between the hub and GSCs. We propose that confinement of the Dpp signaling to a spatially limited surface area of the nanotube allows privileged reception of niche-derived signals by stem cells. For more information go to https://oir.nih.gov/wals

NLM Title:	Asymmetric stem cell division in drosophila male germline / Yukiko Yamashita.
Author:	Yamashita, Yukiko. National Institutes of Health (U.S.),
Publisher:
Abstract:	(CIT): Wednesday Afternoon Lecture Series (WALS) Adult stem cells continuously supply highly differentiated but short-lived cells, such as blood, skin, intestinal epithelium, and sperm cells, throughout life. To maintain the balance between stem cells and differentiating cells -- a failure of which may lead to tumorigenesis through excess self-renewal or tissue degeneration through excess differentiation -- many stem cells have the potential to divide asymmetrically so that each division produces one stem cell and one differentiating cell. Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs) serve as an ideal model system to study stem-cell behavior. They reside in the stem-cell niche, which specifies stem-cell identity by sending essential signal(s). Stem cells have elaborate cellular mechanisms to ensure the asymmetric outcome of the division, producing one stem cell and one differentiating cell, which is the key to tissue homeostasis. Whereas the stem-cell niche provides essential signals for stem-cell identity and proliferation, it is not well known how the niche signal is limited to stem cells, while other cells in proximity are not misspecified by the niche signaling. Here we show that in Drosophila testis, GSCs extend microtubule-based nanotubes into the hub cells, the major component of the stem-cell niche. We further demonstrate that the nanotube mediates decapentaplegic (Dpp) signaling between the hub and GSCs. We propose that confinement of the Dpp signaling to a spatially limited surface area of the nanotube allows privileged reception of niche-derived signals by stem cells.
Subjects:	Asymmetric Cell Division Drosophila--cytology Stem Cell Niche
Publication Types:	Lecture Webcast

NLM Classification:	QU 375
NLM ID:	101663000
CIT Live ID:	16394
Permanent link:	https://videocast.nih.gov/watch=16394

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