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The passage of most molecules across biological membranes is mediated by specialized integral membrane proteins known as channels and transporters. Although these transport families encompass a wide range of functions, molecular architectures and mechanisms, there are common elements that must be incorporated within their structures, namely the translocation pathway, ligand specificity elements and regulatory sensors to control the rate of ligand flow across the membrane. This lecture will discuss aspects of the structure and mechanism of two bacterial transport systems; the stretch and voltage sensitive mechanosensitive channel of small conductance (MscS) and the ATP-dependent vitamin B12 uptake system (BtuCD), emphasizing their general implications for channel transporter
function.