NIH VideoCast - Clonal and Cellular Dynamics in Germinal Centers.

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Clonal and Cellular Dynamics in Germinal Centers.

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Air date:	Wednesday, March 23, 2016, 4:15:00 PM Time displayed is Eastern Time, Washington DC Local
Views:	Total views: 484 (44 Live, 440 On-demand)
Category:	Immunology
Runtime:	01:07:58
Closed captioning:	Check box to display CC outside of the video Note: You can drag the captioning window around and resize it
Description:	Immunology Interest Group A native of Brazil, Gabriel Victora has a Bachelor and Master's degree in classical piano from the Mannes College of Music in New York City, a Master in Immunology from the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and a Ph.D. in Immunology from the New York University Medical School. For the last ten years, his work has focused on B lymphocytes, especially on how antibody affinity matures in the germinal center. This work has earned him the Weintraub Award for graduate research, the Science Magazine/SciLifeLab prize for young scientists (Molecular Biology category), an NIH Director's Early Independence Award, and a Basil O'Connor scholar award from the March of Dimes foundation. Gabriel Victora has been a Whitehead Fellow at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research since 2012 and, will become head of the Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics at the Rockefeller University this Fall. Abstract: Antibodies somatically mutate to attain high affinity in germinal centers (GCs). There, competition between B cell clones and among somatic mutants of each clone drives an increase in average affinity across the population. The extent to which higher-affinity cells eliminating competitors restricts clonal diversity is unknown. By combining multiphoton microscopy and sequencing, we show that tens to hundreds of distinct B cell clones seed each GC, and that GCs lose clonal diversity at widely disparate rates. Furthermore, efficient affinity maturation can occur in the absence of homogenizing selection, ensuring that many clones can mature in parallel within the same GC. Our findings have implications for development of vaccines in which antibodies with non-immunodominant specificities must be elicited, as is the case for HIV-1 and influenza.

NLM Title:	Clonal and cellular dynamics in germinal centers / Gabriel D. Victora ; Immunology Interest Group.
Author:	Victora, Gabriel D. National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Immunology Interest Group,
Publisher:
Abstract:	(CIT): Immunology Interest Group. A native of Brazil, Gabriel Victora has a Bachelor and Master's degree in classical piano from the Mannes College of Music in New York City, a Master in Immunology from the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and a Ph.D. in Immunology from the New York University Medical School. For the last ten years, his work has focused on B lymphocytes, especially on how antibody affinity matures in the germinal center. This work has earned him the Weintraub Award for graduate research, the Science Magazine/SciLifeLab prize for young scientists (Molecular Biology category), an NIH Director's Early Independence Award, and a Basil O'Connor scholar award from the March of Dimes foundation. Gabriel Victora has been a Whitehead Fellow at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research since 2012 and, will become head of the Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics at the Rockefeller University this Fall. Abstract: Antibodies somatically mutate to attain high affinity in germinal centers (GCs). There, competition between B cell clones and among somatic mutants of each clone drives an increase in average affinity across the population. The extent to which higher-affinity cells eliminating competitors restricts clonal diversity is unknown. By combining multiphoton microscopy and sequencing, we show that tens to hundreds of distinct B cell clones seed each GC, and that GCs lose clonal diversity at widely disparate rates. Furthermore, efficient affinity maturation can occur in the absence of homogenizing selection, ensuring that many clones can mature in parallel within the same GC. Our findings have implications for development of vaccines in which antibodies with non-immunodominant specificities must be elicited, as is the case for HIV-1 and influenza.
Subjects:	Antibody Affinity Germinal Center
Publication Types:	Lecture Webcast

NLM Classification:	QW 570
NLM ID:	101680598
CIT Live ID:	18768
Permanent link:	https://videocast.nih.gov/watch=18768

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