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CIT ID: 6781
Program date: Tuesday, June 24, 2008, 12:00:00 PM
Presented by: Joe Thornton, University of Oregon

Abstract:

Evolutionary biology's central task is to provide historical explanations for the diversity of living forms. At the molecular level, the question is how genes, and the proteins they code for, acquired their functions. By combining evolutionary and phylogenetic analysis with molecular and structural biology, Dr. Thornton has shown, atom by atom, how a biomedically crucial family of proteins -- the steroid hormone receptors -- changed over hundreds of millions of years to acquire their present-day functions.

Lecture series presented by National Institute of General Medical Sciences, the Office of Science Education, and the National Human Genome Research Institute. For more information, visit
http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Meetings/EvolutionSeries2008

Audio Podcasts				Video Podcasts
	Description	Runtime			Description	Runtime
	Enhanced Audio Podcast	1:02:45			Enhanced Video Podcast	1:02:45

CIT ID: 6740
Program date: Wednesday, June 18, 2008, 3:00:00 PM
Presented by: Irving L. Weissman, M.D., Director of the Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.

Abstract:

Following embryonic development, most of our tissues and organs are continuously regenerated from tissue/organ specific stem cells. The principal property that distinguishes such stem cells from their daughter cells is self-renewal; when stem cells divide they give rise to stem cells (by self-renewal) and progenitors (by differentiation). In most tissues only the primitive stem cells self-renew. Stem cell isolation and transplantation is the basis for regenerative medicine. Self-renewal is dangerous, and therefore strictly regulated. Poorly regulated self-renewal can lead to the genesis of cancer stem cells, the only self-renewing cells in the cancerous tumor.

Known as a renowned medical researcher, an entrepreneur, and an avid fisherman, Irving L. Weissman is Director of the Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Director of the Stanford Cancer Center and Director of the Stanford Ludwig Center for Stem Cell Research. A Professor of Pathology and Developmental Biology and, by courtesy, of Biological Sciences and Neurosurgery at Stanford University Medical School, Weissman's research encompasses the biology and evolution of stem cells and progenitor cells, mainly blood-forming and brain-forming. He is also engaged in isolating and characterizing the rare cancer and leukemia stem cells as the only dangerous cells in these malignancies, especially with human cancers. And he has a long-term research interest in the phylogeny and developmental biology of cells that make up the blood-forming and immune systems. Weissman's laboratory was first to identify and isolate the blood-forming stem cell from mice, and has purified each progenitor in the stages of development between the stem cells and mature progeny (granulocytes, macrophages, etc.).

As a pioneer in the field of adult stem cell biology, Weissman co-founded three stem cell companies: SyStemix in 1988, StemCells in 1996, and Celtrans (now Cellerant), the successor to SyStemix in 2001. At SyStemix he co-discovered the human hematopoietic stem cell and at StemCells, he co-discovered a human central nervous system stem cell. In addition, the Weissman laboratory has pioneered the study of the genes and proteins involved in cell adhesion events required for lymphocyte homing to lymphoid organs in vivo, either as a normal function or as events involved in malignant leukemic metastases.

Irving L. Weissman's research encompasses the phylogeny and developmental biology of the cells that make up the blood-forming and immune systems. His laboratory identified and isolated the blood-forming stem cell from mice, and has defined, by lineage analysis, the stages of development between the stem cells and mature progeny (granulocytes, macrophages, etc.). This required developing and cloning stromal cells of the hematolymphoid microenvironments—from the bone marrow for myeloid and B cells, and from the thymus for T cells. While the adhesion molecules and factors from these stromal cells proved important as molecules (and the genes that encode them) for myeloid and B cells, the analysis of T cell development required in vivo studies of thymic development. In addition, the Weissman laboratory has pioneered the study of the genes and proteins involved in cell adhesion events required for lymphocyte homing to lymphoid organs in vivo, either as a normal function or as events involved in malignant leukemic metastases.

The Weissman laboratory also has a small group at Hopkins Marine Station, where they have developed a model organism for laboratory and field study of allorecognition—the invertebrate counterpart of transplantation immunity. Working with the protochordate Botryllus schlosseri (which has a chordate larval stage and an invertebrate adult form) they have identified a single major gene locus that governs rapid allorecognition, and 2-3 other loci involved in delayed allorecognition events. They are using this model to study the genes, proteins, and cells that govern protochordate allorecognition, and the effects of these genes on their population dynamics in the field.

For more information, visit
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Irving_Weissman

The NIH Director's Wednesday Afternoon Lecture Series includes weekly scientific talks by some of the top researchers in the biomedical sciences worldwide.

Audio Podcasts				Video Podcasts
	Description	Runtime			Description	Runtime
	Enhanced Audio Podcast	1:08:25			Enhanced Video Podcast	1:08:25

CIT ID: 6819
Program date: Wednesday, June 18, 2008, 1:00:00 PM
Presented by: Claude Bouchard, Alexander Rothman and Frank Perna

Abstract:

SPRING 2008 SYMPOSIA SERIES ON MECHANISMS OF BEHAVIOR CHANGE

Organizing Agencies: AHRQ, NCI, NIAAA, NIDA, OBSSR

For more information, visit
http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/NewsEvents/Conferences/changesymposia08.htm

Audio Podcasts				Video Podcasts
	Description	Runtime			Description	Runtime
	Enhanced Audio Podcast	1:59:50
	Enhanced Video Podcast	1:59:50

CIT ID: 6780
Program date: Tuesday, June 10, 2008, 12:00:00 PM
Presented by: Christopher Marx, Harvard University

Abstract:

Microbes present an opportunity to study evolution on a small scale, both in time and space – and to address particularly vexing biological questions such as how organisms adapt to complex, changing environments. An emerging leader in the field of experimental evolution, Dr. Marx approaches this question by studying the evolution of physiological systems in microbial populations.

Lecture series presented by National Institute of General Medical Sciences, the Office of Science Education, and the National Human Genome Research Institute. For more information, visit
http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Meetings/EvolutionSeries2008

Audio Podcasts				Video Podcasts
	Description	Runtime			Description	Runtime
	Enhanced Audio Podcast	1:02:28			Enhanced Video Podcast	1:02:28

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